Data from the POISE (Perioperative Ischemic Evaluation) study demonstrate the risk of initiating long-acting beta blockers on the day Whelton et al 2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline e71 7. Several antihypertensive agents in a variety of pharmaco- logical classes are available for the treatment of hyperten- sive emergencies (Table 19). 12. Strategies to Improve Hypertension Treatment and Control In addition to promoting pharmacological and nonpharmaco- logical treatment adherence in individual patients with hyper- tension, several population-based systems approaches can play an important role in treatment goals. 12.1. Adherence Strategies for Treatment of Hypertension Therapeutic nonadherence (not following recommended medical or health advice, including failure to persist with medications and recommended lifestyle modifications) is a major contributor to poor control of hypertension and a key barrier to reducing CVD deaths. Adherence rates vary substantially in different populations and, in general, are lower for lifestyle change and more behaviorally demanding regimens. 12.1.1. Antihypertensive Medication Adherence Strategies Recommendations for Antihypertensive Medication Adherence Strategies References that support recommendations are summarized in Online Data Supplements 59 and 60. COR LOE Recommendations I B-R 1. In adults with hypertension, dosing of antihypertensive medication once daily rather than multiple times daily is beneficial to improve adherence.S12.1.1-1 S12.1.1-3 IIa B-NR 2. 