However, in SPRINT, the subgroup with the lowest DBP at baseline had similar CV and survival bene ts from intensive SBP reduction as those with higher baseline DBP.  Etiology of CKD: There is no evidence that CV bene ts of a lower target BP in CKD varies with its etiology. However, kidney bene ts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may be greater with an SBP of 95 110 mm Hg than  Proteinuria: Proteinuria may no longer be an effect modi- er of BP target with an SBP target of <120 mm Hg.  Older age: The ratio of bene ts to harms of intensive BP reduction in CKD patients at the upper spectrum of age (e.g., >90 years old) is less certain, although people with a mean age of 83  3 years seemed to derive CV, survival, and  Younger age: The ratio of bene ts to harms of intensive BP reduction in people at the younger spectrum of age (e.g., <50 years old), who may have low absolute risks of CV disease and all-cause death, is less certain.  The very frail and those residing in a nursing home: Frailty did not appear to modify the bene cial effects of intensive SBP lowering.  White-coat hypertension: If of ce BP, even when measured under standardized conditions, is higher than daytime ambulatory or home BP, the risks of additional BP- lowering treatment to achieve of ce BP <120 mm Hg may be higher, with less certainty of bene ts. Nonetheless, it should be noted that patients with white-coat hyperten- sion were not excluded in SPRINT and other major outcome trials. 