See Table XCV in online Data Supplement 1 for original wording. Current evidence suggests that there is little, if any, contribution of the inherited thrombophilias to the development of arterial thrombotic events. Therefore, tests for inherited thrombophilia should not be ordered for the evaluation of MI, stroke, or peripheral arterial thrombosis.364,365 Routine screening of patients with recent ischemic stroke for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not recommended. III: No Benefit B-R New recommendation. Numerous studies have established an association between OSA and stroke. OSA is highly prevalent among ischemic stroke patients and has been associated with considerable morbidity, including increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, worse prognosis, and higher mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains the most effective medical therapy for OSA.366 370 A small RCT of CPAP in 127 patients started 4.6 2.8 days after AIS showed mixed results with no effect on disability, total cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, or cardiovascular event free survival but a reduction in time to first cardiovascular event during 24-month follow-up. This trial did not specify a primary end point and compared multiple different outcomes at multiple time points.371 The SAVE RCT (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease) randomized 2717 patients with established cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (but not within the first 90 days after a stroke except for minor strokes) and moderate to severe OSA to CPAP versus usual care without CPAP and found no reduction of vascular events, including stroke, in patients treated with CPAP over a mean follow-up of Thus, the routine screening for OSA of all patients with AIS for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events or death is not recommended at this time. 