Placebo Abbreviations: ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial. *Counts not listed for the four other topics for various reasons: no RCTs were found for frequency of testing and existing systematic reviews were used for change in LDL-C by statin and drug interactions. methods for guideline development Evidence Profiles Evidence profiles were constructed to assess the quality and record quality grades and descriptions of effect for each outcome across studies, as well as the quality of overall evidence and description of net benefits or harms of the intervention or comparator across all outcomes. These profiles aim to make the evidence synthesis process trans- parent. Decisions in the evidence profiles were based on data from the primary studies listed in corresponding summary tables and on judgments of the ERT and Work Group. When the body of evidence for a particular comparison of interest consisted of only one study, the summary table provided the final level of synthesis and an evidence profile was not generated. Each evidence profile was initially constructed by the ERT and then reviewed, edited, and approved by the Work Group. The work products created by the ERT for summarizing the evidence base are listed in Table 9. Grading of Quality of Evidence for Outcomes of Individual Studies Methodological quality (internal validity) refers to the design, conduct, and reporting of outcomes of a clinical study. A previously devised three-level classification system for quality assessment was used to grade the overall study quality and quality of all relevant outcomes in the study (Table 10). Grading of individual studies was done by one of the reviewers, then confirmed by another, and finalized in a group meeting. 