The paper reporting the pooled data did not report any statistics related to heterogeneity h Scores estimated using a standardised mean difference of -0.04 (-0.2 to 0.11) i Downgraded by 2 increment as point estimates were inconsistent with little overlap of confidence intervals, not enough studies to perform sub-group analysis, I2 j Unable to estimate as zero events in both arms of the trial Table 82: Clinical evidence summary: NP monitoring v no monitoring protocol Outcomes No of Participants (studies) Follow up Quality of the evidence (GRADE) Relative effect Anticipated absolute effects Risk with No monitoring (primary or secondary care) Risk difference with NP monitoring Mortality (HR) - Age <75 years 70 LOWb due to risk of bias Estimatea (from 37 fewer to 309 fewer) Mortality (HR) - Age 75 and over 50 VERY LOWb,c due to risk of bias, imprecision Estimatea (from 207 fewer to 584 more) Mortality (RR) - Age <75 years 122 MODERATEc due to imprecision (from 234 fewer to 0 more) Mortality (RR) - Age 75 and over 121 MODERATEc due to imprecision (from 28 fewer to 414 more) Mortality (RR) - All ages 182 HIGH (from 43 fewer to 253 fewer) Monitoring Chronic Heart Failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: Outcomes No of Participants (studies) Follow up Quality of the evidence (GRADE) Relative effect Anticipated absolute effects Risk with No monitoring (primary or secondary care) Risk difference with NP monitoring All-cause hospitalisation (HR) - Age <75 years VERY LOWb,c due to risk of bias, imprecision Estimated (from 215 fewer to 224 more) All-cause hospitalisation (HR) - Age 75 and over VERY LOWb,c due to risk of bias, imprecision Estimated (from 77 fewer to 284 more) HF hospitalisation (RR) - Age <75 years 122 VERY LOWc,e due to indirectness, imprecision (from 183 fewer to 133 more) HF hospitalisation (RR) - Age 75 and over 121 LOWc,e due to indirectness, imprecision (from 43 fewer to 382 more) HF hospitalisation (RR) - All ages 182 MODERATEe due to indirectness (from 202 fewer to 416 fewer) a Age-specific control rate taken from BATTLESCARRED usual care group b Downgraded by 1 increment if the majority of the evidence was at high risk of bias, and downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias c Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs d Age-specific control rate taken from TIME-CHF clinically guided group (no usual care control available) e Downgraded by one increment because the outcome was an indirect indicator of the protocol outcome Chronic Heart Failure Monitoring NICE 2018. 