Table 38: Cost of heart failure hospitalisation Description Unit cost Source Notes Chronic Heart Failure Treating Heart Failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Description Unit cost Source Notes Non-elective admission for Heart Failure or Shock 2,768 NHS Reference Cost weighted according to units of activity for each CC group. First year NHS costs of stroke were calculated from the Sentinel National Audit Programme: cost and cost-effectiveness analysis (unpublished report to NHS England), May 2016181 . Costs in the audit were reported by age, sex and type of stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic). Using the average age and percentage of females reported in Kotecha et al. 2014181 and an assumption that 80% of cases were ischaemic stroke, and 20% haemorrhagic stroke (committee consensus) the weighted costs are presented below. Table 39: First year costs of stroke Initial NIHSS Weighted average cost per patient (a)(b) (a) Assuming mean age = 69 costs are reported for the age group 65-74 years181 and assuming 19% female population 181 . (b) Assuming 80% ischaemic stroke, 20% haemorrhagic stroke (committee consensus). 6.2.2.5 Evidence statements Clinical One study was identified for inclusion within the review. The study consisted of an IPD meta-analysis which included data from 9 trials. The trials compared the effectiveness of beta-blockers with placebo in addition to usual care in people with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The meta- analysis included 4 studies comparing carvedilol and placebo; 2 studies comparing metoprolol and placebo; 2 studies comparing bisoprolol and placebo and 1 study comparing nebivolol and placebo. All-cause mortality (9 studies; n=2666) was rated as moderate quality evidence, no clear effect was shown with the confidence interval ranging from a decrease and increase in all-cause mortality. 