Interventional Treatments of HF: Recommendations See Table 25 for a summary of recommendations from this section. CLASS I 1. Coronary artery revascularization via coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) or percutaneous intervention is indicated for patients (HFpEF and HFrEF) on GDMT with angina and suitable coronary anatomy, especially for a left main stenosis (>50%) or left main equivalent disease (11,13,15,348). (Level of Evidence: C) CLASS IIa 1. CABG to improve survival is reasonable in patients with mild to moderate LV systolic dysfunction (EF 35% to 50%) and signi cant ( 70% diameter stenosis) multivessel CAD or proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis when viable myocardium is present in the region of intended revascularization (348 350). (Level of Evidence: B) 2. CABG or medical therapy is reasonable to improve morbidity and cardiovascular mortality for patients with severe LV dysfunction (EF <35%), HF, and signi cant CAD (351,352). (Level of Evidence: B) 3. Surgical aortic valve replacement is reasonable for patients with critical aortic stenosis and a predicted surgical mortality of no greater than 10% (353). (Level of Evidence: B) 4. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement after careful candi- date consideration is reasonable for patients with critical aortic stenosis who are deemed inoperable (354). (Level of Evidence: B) CLASS IIb 1. CABG may be considered with the intent of improving survival in patients with ischemic heart disease with severe LV systolic dysfunction (EF <35%) and operable coronary anatomy whether or not viable myocardium is present (352,355,356). (Level of Evidence: B) Table 24. Ten Most Common Co-Occurring Chronic Conditions Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure (N[4,947,918), 2011 Beneficiaries Age 65 y (N 4,376,150)* Beneficiaries Age <65 y (N 5,71,768)y N % N % Ischemic heart disease 3,145,718 71.9 Ischemic heart disease 365,889 64.0 *Mean No. 