Panelists approved with management were prohibited from participating in discussions or voting on recommendations in which they had substantial COIs. A grid was created listing panelists COIs for each recommendation for use during voting. Of note, the chair (G.Y.H.L.) recused himself from any voting on recommendations. The COI grid can be found in e-Table 1. Formulation of Key Questions Table 1 speci es the clinical questions being addressed in this article (in PICO [population, intervention, comparator, outcomes] format) and the types of studies included. Offer stroke prevention to patients with one or more risk factors for stroke Assess bleeding risk Decide on OAC (either a VKA with well-managed TTR or a NOAC Identify low risk patients Manage hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, cardiac ischemia, and sleep apnea Lifestyle changes: obesity reduction, regular exercise, and reduction of alcohol and stimulant use Patient psychological morbidity Consider patient values and preferences Patient-centered and symptom-directed decisions on rate vs rhythm control The ABC pathway for integrated care management A Avoid stroke Optimize stroke prevention B Better symptom management Treat symptoms C Cardiovascular and other comorbidities Manage risk factors Figure 1 The ABC pathway of integrated care management. ABC Atrial brillation Better Care; NOAC non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drug; OAC oral anticoagulant; VKA vitamin K antagonist; TTR time in therapeutic range. (Adapted from Lip.2 ) TABLE 1 ] PICO Questions Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology Burden of stroke in AF 1.2  Established clinical risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF (including AF burden)  Echocardiographic risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF  Potential novel risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF What are the risk factors for ischemic stroke and TE? 