Hypertension should be controlled in accor- dance with contemporary guidelines to lower the risk of developing HF (Class I; Level of Stage B HF For patients with hypertension, with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not developed HF symptoms, the following is recommended: 1. In patients with structural cardiac abnormali- ties, including LV hypertrophy, BP should be controlled in accordance with clinical prac- tice guidelines for hypertension to prevent symptomatic HF (Class I; Level of Evidence Stage C HF For patients with hypertension and previous or current symptoms of HF in the context of an underlying struc- tural heart problem, the following are recommended: 1. Patients with HFrEF should be treated with guideline-directed medical therapy, includ- ing diuretics, ACE inhibitors or ARBs if ACE inhibitor intolerant, -blockers, and aldoste- rone receptor antagonists, which have been proven to improve outcomes for patients with HF (Class I; Level of Evidence A) and can lower BP in hypertensive patients with HFrEF (Class I; Level of Evidence B).8,29,50,63 68 2. The addition of hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate to the background regimen of a diuretic, an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and a -blocker treatment in self-described black patients with HFrEF and with persistent New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV HF symptoms is beneficial to reduce morbid- ity and mortality (Class I; Level of Evidence A) and can lower BP in hypertensive patients with HFrEF (Class I; Level of Evidence B).8,69,70 3. The treatment of hypertension in patients with HF should include behavioral modifica- tion such as sodium restriction and a closely monitored exercise program.48 Weight reduc- tion in obese or overweight, a heart-healthy diet, and moderation of alcohol intake in Bozkurt et al individuals with 140 mmHg SBP or 90 mmHg diastolic BP are recommended (Class I; Level of Evidence C).7,9,14,48 4. 