An important adverse outcome, gastrointestinal hemorrhage requiring transfusion, was more frequent in the aspirin group increase, 0.01% per year; number needed to harm, 10000). The most consistent benefit for aspirin was in women 65 years of age at study entry, among whom the risk of major cardiovascular events was reduced by 26% (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 0.92; P=0.008), including a 30% reduction in the Table 14. Representation of Women in Carotid Intervention Trials Trial Total Patients (% Women) ACAS indicates Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study; ACST, Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial; CREST, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial; ECST, European Carotid Surgery Trial; EVA-3S, Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis; NASCET, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial; NASCET moderate, North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (patients with moderate stenosis only); and SPACE, Stent- Protected Angioplasty Versus Carotid Endarterectomy. Table 15. Representation of Women in Antiplatelet Trials Trial Total Patients Enrolled (% Women) AAASPS indicates African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study; ACE, ASA [acetylsalicylic acid] and Carotid Endarterectomy Trial; CAPRIE, Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischaemic Events; ESPS-2, European Stroke Prevention Study 2; ESPRIT, European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial; MATCH, Management of Atherosclerosis With Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients; PRoFESS, Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes; and SPS3, Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes. Bushnell et al Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Women 1573 risk of IS (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49 1.00; P=0.05); how- ever, the benefit was reduced when the combination of IS and hemorrhagic stroke was considered (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57 1.08; P=0.13). 