Among postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women s Health Initiative trial, there was a nonsignificant trend toward an inverse association be- tween Mediterranean diet scores and mortality in women It should be noted that the major and distinc- tive components of the Mediterranean diet may not have been captured by the food frequency questionnaire used in this study and may have contributed to these nonsig- It is also interesting to note that the DASH-type diet is similar to the Mediterranean diet in its components. Both are high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nuts, and especially when reduced in sodium intake, both seem to be a reasonable nutritional model in HF.329 The above studies related to the DASH and Mediterranean diets provide support for the concept that dietary rec- ommendations developed for other cardiovascular con- ditions or general populations may also be appropriate in patients with HF. Experimental studies have demonstrated inconsis- tent results with a high-protein diet in patients with HF. 