Recommended procedures for the collection of HBPM data are provided in Table 10. If self-monitor- ing is used, it is important to ensure that the BP measure- ment device used has been validated with an internationally accepted protocol and the results have been published in a peer-reviewed journal.S4.2-7 A guide to the relationship between HBPM BP readings and corresponding read- ings obtained in the office and by ABPM is presented in Table 11. The precise relationships between office readings, ABPM, and HBPM are unsettled, but there is general agree- ment that office BPs are often higher than ABPM or HBPM BPs, especially at higher BPs. Recommendation-Specific Supportive Text 1. ABPM is used to obtain out-of-office BP readings at set intervals, usually over a period of 24 hours. HBPM is used to obtain a record of out-of-office BP readings taken by a patient. Both ABPM and HBPM typically provide BP estimates that are based on multiple mea- surements. A systematic review conducted by the US Preventive Services Task Force reported that ABPM provided a better method to predict long-term CVD out- comes than did office BPs. It incorporates new informa- tion from studies of HBPM, ABPM, the relationship of overall CVD risk to the effectiveness of blood pressure lowering, clinical outcomes related to different blood pressure goals, strategies to improve blood pressure con- trol and various other areas. A small body of evidence suggested, but did not confirm, that HBPM could serve as a similar predictor of outcomes.S4.2-4 Meta-analyses of RCTs have identified clinically useful reductions in SBP and DBP and achievement of BP goals at 6 months and 1 year when self-monitoring of BP has been used in con- junction with other interventions, compared with usual care. Meta-analyses of RCTs have identified only small Table 9. 