LOE was updated from C to B-R. (Section 4.1. in the 2014 AF Guideline) IIb C- LD For patients with AF (except with moderate- to-severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve) and a CHA2 -VASc score of 1 in men and 2 in women, prescribing an oral anticoagulant to reduce thromboembolic stroke risk may be considered.S4.1.1-31 S4.1.1-35 MODIFIED: Exclusion criteria are now defined as moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve, and evidence was added to support separate risk scores by sex. LOE was updated from C to C-LD. (Section 4.1. in the 2014 AF Guideline) III: No Benefit C-EO In patients with AF and end-stage CKD or on dialysis, the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran or the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban or edoxaban are not recommended because of the lack of evidence from clinical trials that benefit MODIFIED: New data have been included. Edoxaban received FDA approval and has been added to the recommendation. LOE was updated from C to C-EO. (Section 4.1. in the 2014 AF Guideline) III: Harm B-R The direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran should not be used in patients with AF and a mechanical heart valve.S4.1.1-39 MODIFIED: Evidence was added. LOE was updated from B to B-R. Other NOACs are addressed in the supportive text. (Section 4.1. in the 2014 AF Guideline) Recommendation-Specific Supportive Text (New or Modified) 1. New data are available for edoxaban. 