The guidelines include several recommendations regarding the appropriate use of carotid endarterectomy. Guideline recommendations for aspirin use in women (unless contraindicated) include diabetes, high risk for cardiovascular disease events, and women 65 years of age or older if blood pressure is controlled and benefit outweighs risk. Risk factors that are unique to women, more prevalent in women, or differentially increase risk in women compared to men may improve the accuracy of stroke risk prediction compared to current risk prediction models, especially for younger women of reproductive age. Development of risk prediction models can be achieved by using data from large, diverse longitudinal studies such as the Women s Health Initiative, Women s Health Study, Nurses Health Study, ARIC, and REGARDS. The writing group suggests that current risk assessment methods are inadequate to predict stroke risk in women and suggest that a female-specific stroke risk score is warranted. Although risk factors unique to women were not incorporated in the new pooled cohort ASCVD risk equations, this risk assessment modality used data from community-based cohorts of adults to estimate the sex- and race-specific 10-year risk for developing a first ASCVD event, defined as coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and fatal or nonfatal stroke. The Pooled Cohort Equations were validated for African American and White men and women 40 to 79 years of age. The final pooled cohorts included participants from several large, racially and geographically diverse NHLBI- sponsored cohort studies, including ARIC, the Cardiovascular Health Study, and the CARDIA study, combined with data from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. Therefore, the new Pooled Cohort ASCVD Risk Equations should be evaluated prospectively for prediction of stroke risk. 