It should be noted that this last recommendation of a higher target for patients 60 years of age has been controversial and debated in the There is evidence that the initiation of an- tihypertensive treatment for the above thresholds is as- sociated with a reduction of HF and other cardiovascular events and overall mortality among hypertensive adults 30 years of age in the general population or in hyper- tensive patients 18 years of age with chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus.7 Similar targets were quot- ed in the 2002 AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, which identified a general goal of <140/90 mmHg for the treatment of Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of heart failure, adjusted for death as a competing risk, by baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) categories of <120, 120 to 139, 140 to 159, and 160 mmHg for women (top), men (middle), and the overall population (bottom). Reprinted from Butler et al19 with permission with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Copyright 2011, BMJ Pub- lishing Group Ltd and the British Cardiovascular Society. Table 2. Recommendation for the Treatment of Hypertension in Stage A HF: Asymptomatic Patients at Risk for HF Recommendation COR LOE Referenced Guideline References Hypertension should be controlled in accordance with contemporary guidelines to lower the risk of development of HF. I A 7 9 COR indicates Class of Recommendation; HF, heart failure; and LOE, Level of Evidence. Bozkurt et al hypertension in HF.9 Ongoing trials are intended to spe- cifically address the question of goal BP reduction, and a new ACCF/AHA Guideline Writing Committee has been convened to address the management of hypertension. 