The estimate of the effect for each level of intervention intensity among patients with a cardiovascular diagnosis was very similar (RR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.29 1.56]). Adding nicotine replacement therapy to an intensive counselling intervention increased smoking cessation rates A 2016 retrospective cohort study of Korean smokers with AIS assessed a timely intervention strategy versus historical controls who received Timely intervention comprised a certified nurse providing comprehensive education during admission and additional counseling after discharge. Timely intervention was associated with greater odds of sustained smoking cessation for 12 months. See Table XCIII and XCIV in online Data Supplement 1. Healthcare providers should strongly advise every patient with AIS who has smoked in the past year to quit. I C-EO Recommendation reworded for clarity from 2014 Secondary Prevention. COR unchanged. LOE amended to conform with ACC/AHA 2015 Recommendation Classification System. See Table XCV in online Data Supplement 1 for original wording. It is reasonable to advise patients after ischemic stroke to avoid secondhand (passive) tobacco smoke. IIa B-NR Recommendation reworded for clarity from 2014 Secondary Prevention. COR unchanged. LOE amended to conform with ACC/AHA 2015 Recommendation Classification System. See Table XCV in online Data Supplement 1 for original wording. For smokers with an AIS, in-hospital initiation of varenicline to promote smoking cessation might be considered. IIb B-R New recommendation. A 2012 meta-analysis by the Cochrane group indicates that high-intensity behavioral interventions that begin during an index hospitalization and include at least 1 month of supportive contact after discharge increased smoking cessation rates after discharge (RR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.27 1.48]; 25 trials). The estimate of the effect for each level of intervention intensity among patients with a cardiovascular diagnosis was very similar (RR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.29 1.56]). 