For patients with AF and stable coronary artery disease (eg, no acute coronary syndrome within the previous year) and who choose oral anticoagulation, we suggest adjusted-dose VKA therapy alone (target INR range, 2.0-3.0) rather than the combination of adjusted-dose VKA therapy and aspirin (Grade 2C). 3.2 Patients With AF and Placement of an Intracoronary Stent (With or Without Recent ACS) Patients bene t from dual antiplatelet therapy (eg, aspirin and clopidogrel) for a nite duration following placement of an intracoronary stent (4 weeks after placement of a bare-metal stent; 3 to 6 months after placement of a drug-eluting stent [typically 3 months for -olimus stents and 6 months for -taxel stents]) (see Vandvik et al).108 The principal objec- tive of dual antiplatelet therapy after placement of an intracoronary stent is the prevention of stent thrombosis. Before the adoption of dual antiplatelet therapy in clinical practice, stent thrombosis occurred in 6% to 24% of patients after bare-metal stent place- ment and was associated with a high case fatality rate of nearly 50%.109-113 Concomitantly, a number of studies compared a new strategy, aspirin plus ticlopi- dine (a thienopyridine precursor to clopidogrel), to the previously most successful strategy of aspirin plus warfarin in patients undergoing stent placement. A Cochrane systematic review of four randomized and clopidogrel rather than aspirin (75 mg to 325 mg once daily) alone (Grade 1B). 