COR LOE Recommendations I B-R In individuals with overweight and obesity, weight loss is recommended to improve the ASCVD risk factor profile.0650 I B-R Counseling and comprehensive lifestyle interventions, including calorie restriction, are recommended for achieving and maintaining weight loss in adults with overweight and obesity.S4.1-1,S4.1-2 I C-EO Calculating body mass index (BMI) is recommended annually or more frequently to identify adults with overweight and obesity for weight loss considerations. IIa B-NR It is reasonable to measure waist circumference to identify those at higher Synopsis The increased availability of affordable, palatable, and high-calorie foods and the decreased physical de- mands of many jobs have fueled the epidemic of obe- sity and the consequent increases in hypertension and Adults diagnosed as obese (BMI 30 kg/m2 ) ) are at increased risk of ASCVD, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, com- pared with those of a normal weight.S4.1-8,S4.1-9 The nu- tritional aspects of obesity revolve around the principle of balancing caloric intake with caloric expenditure. Following the 2013 Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from the AHA, ACC, and The Obesity Society (TOS), adults with overweight/ obesity are advised to participate in comprehensive life- style programs of 6 months duration that assist par- ticipants in adhering to a low-calorie diet (800 to 1500 kcal/day) and increased physical activity. Existing clinical guidance strongly recommends face-to-face or tele- phone-delivered weight-loss maintenance programs that provide regular contact (at least monthly) with a trained interventionist to help participants engage in high levels of physical activity (200 to 300 minutes/ week), monitor body weight regularly (at least weekly), and consume a reduced-calorie diet.S4.1-10 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and bariatric adjunctive to complementary lifestyle in- terventions, additionally reduce weight and may have a role in weight loss for select patients. 