Once hypertensive patients are identified, ED personnel can educate on and encourage healthy lifestyles to address their hypertension and the impor- tance of outpatient follow-up, in accordance with the current Joint National Committee 8 outpatient guidelines.219,896,904 The incidence of diabetes mellitus has more than doubled over the last 2 decades, and millions with the condition remain undiagnosed. On the basis of screening hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimated the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in the US population to be 2.8%.905 Similar to hypertension, there is an even higher prevalence of undi- agnosed diabetes mellitus in the ED patient population.905 Although point-of-care glucose and hemoglobin A1c testing of ED patients may be feasible, it remains to be determined whether such screening is cost-effective.906 Unselected screen- ing by capillary blood glucose or hemoglobin A1c measure- ment is not currently recommended by emergency medicine societies or other healthcare agencies, but emergency physi- cians support improved recognition and referral for hyper- Patients with known diabetes mellitus commonly use EDs for acute care of complications related to diabetes mellitus, and many present with poor glycemic con- trol. These encounters provide another opportunity to encour- age medication compliance, dietary management, lifestyle modification, and outpatient follow-up. 