Patients who do consume alcoholic beverages should be counseled to do so in moderation: no more than 1 drink (4 ounces of wine or 1 ounce of spirits) per day for women and no more than 2 drinks per day for men. 4.4.1.9. Avoiding Exposure to Air Pollution Class IIa 1. It is reasonable for patients with SIHD to avoid exposure to increased air pollution to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.712 715 (Level of Evidence: C) Although they are seldom an explicit focus in provision of care to individual patients, environmental influences such as exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of cardiovas- cular events, possibly because of progression of atheroscle- rosis due to oxidative stress and inflammation.715 In particu- lar, fine particulate matter, defined as particulate matter ,2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), is associated with a heightened risk of death due to cardiovascular causes.714 In nonsmokers, the relative odds of AMI death rise 22% for each 10 mcg increase in PM2.5.712 Short-term exposure to higher concen- trations of pollution, for example after a forest fire, also is associated with the risk for ACS and death.713 Thus, patients with SIHD may be advised to avoid exposure to increased air pollution (ie, by remaining indoors during transient elevations of air pollution). Public policy efforts to minimize small particulate matter (ie, through tighter regulations on the emissions from coal-fired power plants) have the potential to reduce cardiac complications among patients with SIHD. 4.4.2. Additional Medical Therapy to Prevent MI and Death: Recommendations 4.4.2.1. Antiplatelet Therapy Class I 1. Treatment with aspirin 75 to 162 mg daily should be continued indefinitely in the absence of contraindi- cations in patients with SIHD.716,717 (Level of Evidence: A) 2. 