Patients With Diabetes Mellitus The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in CABG patients has increased markedly over the past 30 years. In the late 1970s, only 10% to 15% of CABG patients had diabetes1170; by 2005, the incidence had risen to 35%.308 Patients with diabetes, especially those who are insulin dependent, have higher rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality and a reduced long-term survival rate than those without diabe- tes.308,1171,1172 In the STS Registry, patients with diabetes on oral therapy had an adjusted OR of 1.15 for death within 30 days of CABG (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.21) as well as a greater likelihood of stroke, renal failure, and deep sternal wound infection than those without diabetes.308 For subjects receiv- ing insulin, the adjusted OR for death within 30 days was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.42 to 1.58), and the risks for other compli- cations were correspondingly higher. The poorer short-term outcome in patients with diabetes is only partly explained by a greater frequency of other comorbid conditions, such as obesity, hypertension, renal insufficiency, PAD, and cerebro- vascular disease. The reduced long-term survival rate after CABG in patients with diabetes is likely due to a combination of more rapid progression of atherosclerosis, a lower long- term patency rate of SVGs,1173 and a greater burden of comorbid conditions. 