RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS An important NIH funded trial- SPRINT- is currently ongoing in the United States randomizing patients without diabetes or significant proteinuria to a systolic BP of o140 mmHg or o120 mm Hg. Since it contains both elderly patients and those with CKD, it is likely to provide important evidence to guide BP management in this subpopulation.171,172 A workshop on kidney disease including the American Society of Nephrology, the National Institute on Aging, the American Geriatrics Society, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases resulted in the 2009 publication of a list of priority areas for research in kidney disease in the elderly (Table 3).400 Although BP was not specifically addressed, it highlighted the many areas of ignorance regarding CKD in the elderly. Important areas for future research suggested by this KDIGO Work Group include: K The effects of different BP targets (e.g., 150/90 mm Hg vs. 140/90 mm Hg) in elderly and very elderly patients with advanced CKD (CKD 3 4) should be assessed by pros- pective RCTs using a fixed-sequential BP-agent protocol (e.g., diuretic, ACE-I or ARB, beta-blocker, and calcium- channel blocker) excluding only patients with angina or cardiomyopathy. K The effect of various combinations of agents in the elderly and very elderly populations should be examined. DISCLAIMER While every effort is made by the publishers, editorial board, and ISN to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the responsibility of the contributor, copyright holder, or advertiser concerned. 