Because of the side effects of fluid retention and tachycardia, direct vasodilators (especially minoxidil) are usually combined with a beta-blocker and loop diuretic. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS K Salt restriction appears to be a very promising method of reducing BP and the risk of progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular events. Therefore, large scale RCTs assessing the impact of this intervention on these patient- level outcomes are required. Patients with CKD should be included in these trials, given the potential for differences in the risks and benefits of reduced salt intake in these individuals. K RCTs should be undertaken to evaluate the benefit of weight loss at different stages of CKD. K RCTs should be undertaken in CKD with and without elevated albumin excretion levels comparing various combinations of RAAS blocking drugs. DISCLAIMER While every effort is made by the publishers, editorial board, and ISN to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the responsibility of the contri- butor, copyright holder, or advertiser concerned. Accord- ingly, the publishers and the ISN, the editorial board and their respective employers, office and agents accept no liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. While every effort is made to ensure that drug doses and other quantities are presented accurately, readers are advised that new methods and techniques involving drug usage, and described within this Journal, should only be followed in conjunction with the drug manufacturer s own published literature. Chapter 3: Blood pressure management in CKD ND patients without diabetes mellitus INTRODUCTION This chapter addresses the management of BP in adult CKD patients (specifically non-dialysis-dependent CKD [CKD ND]) without diabetes mellitus. 