Nevertheless, peri- odic assessment of risk factors (eg, at least every 4 to 6 years in younger adults 20 to 39 years of age) is important to guide discussions about inten- sity of lifestyle interventions, frequency of risk factor monitoring, treatment of nonlipid risk fac- tors, and consideration of 30-year or lifetime risk 3. No single risk calculator is appropriate for all patients. In certain populations, the PCE have However, some studies have found underestimation of risk (and potential for undertreatment) among indi- viduals with chronic inflammatory conditions (eg, ) or not Recommendations for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk (Continued) COR LOE Recommendations CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES captured in current risk scoring models. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are at signifi- cant risk of having an early ASCVD event, and the use of risk calculators is not applicable to these patients. 