Table 89: PICO characteristics of review question Population People with heart failure in a community or outpatient setting. The results will be presented separately in each of the following strata: recently discharged patients patients recruited in the community Interventions Structured telephone support monitoring or self-care management or both delivered using simple telephone technology Telemonitoring digital/broadband/satellite/wireless or Bluetooth transmission of physiological or other non-invasive data Interventions needed to be scheduled, as opposed to offering telephone follow-up on an 'as needed' basis. Intervention must have been initiated by a healthcare professional (medical, nursing, social work, pharmacist) and delivered to people with heart failure living in the community as the only aftercare intervention, without protocol-driven home visits or intensified clinic follow-up. The intervention has to be targeted at the person and intended to address their concerns and problems, not those of caregivers. The participant must not have been visited at home by a specialised heart failure healthcare professional or study personnel for the purpose of education or clinical assessment other than as an initiation visit to set up equipment. The results for telemonitoring and structured telephone support will be presented separately. Comparators Usual care 'Usual care' consists of standard post-discharge care without intensified attendance at cardiology clinics or clinic-based heart failure disease management programme, or home visiting as described above. Studies will be excluded if there was any previous exposure to telemonitoring or structured telephone support for the usual care or intervention arms prior to the start of the study. Outcomes CRITICAL All-cause mortality during study (dichotomous) Quality of life during study (continuous) All-cause hospitalisations during study (dichotomous) Chronic Heart Failure Monitoring NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. 