In women with migraine with aura, the risk increases even more in those using oral contraceptives (OR, 7.02; 95% CI, 1.51 32.68) and in cigarette smokers (OR, 9.03; 95% CI, The absolute risk of migraine-associated stroke is relatively low. On the basis of data from the Women s Health Study (WHS), migraine with aura accounted for 4 additional IS cases per 10000 women per year when migraine with aura was the assumed underlying cause of stroke.281 The risk is higher with increasing frequency of migraine282 and if the aura does not include nausea and vomiting.283 Data from the WHS suggest that migraine with aura is associated with increased risk of TIA (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03 2.36) and nondisabling stroke (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.37 3.97) compared with women with no history of migraine284 and that the presence of migraine with aura does not modify the beneficial effects of aspirin.285 Therefore, migraine aura appears to be associated with a bet- ter prognosis because of the link to milder strokes and TIAs than with non migraine-associated strokes in the WHS. 