[ Evidence-Based Medicine ] Note on Shaded Text: In this guideline, shaded text with an asterisk (shading appears in PDF only) indicates recommendations that are newly added or have been changed since the publication of Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis (9th edition): American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Recommendations that remain unchanged since that edition are not shaded. The order of our presentation of the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban) is based on the chronology of publication of the phase 3 trials in VTE treatment and should not be interpreted as the guideline panel s order of preference for the use of these agents. Summary of Recommendations Choice of Long-Term (First 3 Months) and Extended (No Scheduled Stop Date) Anticoagulant 1. In patients with proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE), we recommend long-term (3 months) anticoagulant therapy over no such therapy (Grade 1B). *2. In patients with DVT of the leg or PE and no cancer, as long-term ( rst 3 months) anticoagulant therapy, we suggest dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apix- aban, or edoxaban over vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy (all Grade 2B). For patients with DVT of the leg or PE and no cancer who are not treated with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban, we suggest VKA therapy over low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (Grade 2C). Remarks: Initial parenteral anticoagulation is given before dabigatran and edoxaban, is not given before rivaroxaban and apixaban, and is overlapped with VKA therapy. See text for factors that in uence choice of therapy. *3. In patients with DVT of the leg or PE and cancer ( cancer-associated thrombosis ), as long-term ( rst 3 months) anticoagulant therapy, we suggest LMWH over VKA therapy (Grade 2B), dabigatran (Grade or edoxaban (Grade 2C). 