Creating a measure in this area might dissuade these patients, who are often at high risk for coronary artery disease, from undergoing PCI. Several members of the writing committee supported the inclusion of a related measure of acute kidney injury after PCI that would depend on laboratory assessments of renal function. However, controversy exists about the diagnosis of acute kid- ney injury in this setting, and in many patients, it would require multiple blood tests that are otherwise not indicated. Similarly, the writing committee considered a measure assessing rates of blood transfusion after PCI. This was not included as a measure because the writing committee felt that it is currently challenging to adequately account for all the factors related to the decision to transfuse patients after PCI, some of which might be related only indirectly to the proce- dure. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery after PCI was also considered as a measure, but in an era of widespread use of stents, the incidence is extremely small, which would make it an unreliable measure. Finally, a measure of periprocedural infarction based on cardiac biomarkers after PCI was consid- ered. However, standardized collection of cardiac biomarkers after PCI is still a variable practice, and this strongly influ- ences rates of periprocedural infarction. Given these concerns and that standardized collection of cardiac biomarkers after PCI is not a Class I recommendation in recent PCI guidelines, this measure was not included. Three outcome measures, in particular, were considered strongly by the writing committee, and these are reviewed in detail in the following sections. The writing committee considered a measure of assessment of angina. 