These results were obtained directly from the authors and have been extracted in this review. Table 34: Summary of studies included in the Kotecha 2014 IPD* Study Intervention and comparison Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Bollano ANZ Carvedilol (n=207) Placebo (n=208) Chronic stable heart failure due to ischaemic heart disease (defined as a documented history of myocardial infarction, typical angina, an exercise electrocardiogram positive for ischaemia, or angiographic evidence of coronary disease) LVEF by radionuclide ventriculography of less current NYHA class II or III, or previous class II-IV current NYHA class IV heart rate below 50 bpm; sick sinus syndrome; second degree or third- degree heart block; blood pressure below 90 mmHg systolic or above 160/100 mm Hg; treadmill exercise duration less than 2 min or more than 18 min (modified Naughton protocol); coronary event or procedure (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary- artery bypass surgery, or coronary angioplasty) within the previous 4 weeks; primary myocardial or valvular disease; current treatment with a - blocker, -agonist, or verapamil; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; chronic obstructive airways disease; hepatic disease (serum Chronic Heart Failure Beta-blockers in heart failure and concomitant atrial fibrillation NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Study Intervention and comparison Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria aminotransferase above three times normal); renal impairment (serum creatinine >250 mol/L); or any other life-threatening non-cardiac disease. , Lechat CIBIS II Bisoprolol (n=1327) Placebo (n=1320) Ambulatory aged 18 80 years LVEF, measured within 6 weeks of randomisation, of 35% or less NYHA class III and IV diagnosis of chronic heart failure, made at least 3 months previously , with clinical stability during the preceding 6 weeks for heart failure or 3 months for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina. 