Bibliography: Deitcher et al173 (ONCENOX), Hull et al174 (LITE), Hull et al175 (LITE Home), Lee et al170 (CLOT), Lopaciuk et al,176 Lopez-Beret et al,177 Meyer et al,178 Romera et al,179 Lee et al22 (CATCH) 322 Evidence-Based Medicine [ 1 4 9 # 2 C H E S T F E B R U A R Y 2 0 1 6 ] randomized trials have compared a NOAC (with23,24 or initial heparin therapy) with VKA therapy (with initial heparin therapy) for the acute and long- term treatment of VTE.23-26 The ndings of these studies have been analyzed in a number of systematic including a network meta-analysis.35 In addition, there is now extensive clinical experience using NOACs in patients with VTE and atrial brillation. For the comparison of each of the NOACs with VKA in the initial and long-term treatment of VTE, current evidence for ef cacy is moderate or high quality, for safety (risk of bleeding) is moderate or high quality, and overall is moderate or high quality (Tables 2-5, e-Tables 5-8). 