For this Guideline, the age range for children is defined as from birth through 18 years. The preferred method of BP measurement in children is auscultation, and reference tables for BP percentiles for age, sex, and height can be accessed at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute s Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High BP in Children and Adolescents at http://www.nhlbi. Throughout this guideline when we refer to thresholds or targets for BP therapy, we are referring to manual, auscultatory measurements of both systolic and diastolic BP unless otherwise specified. Correct BP measurement requires a cuff that is appropriate to the size of the child s upper arm and elevated BP must be confirmed on repeated visits. In deciding on treatment, unless severe hypertension is present, an individual s BP level should be determined as an average of multiple BP measurements taken over weeks Current recommendations suggest that measurements obtained by oscillometric devices that exceed the 90th percentile for age, sex, and height should be repeated by auscultation.319 Detailed descriptions of appropriate BP measurement techniques in children and the strengths and limitations of various BP measure- ment methods in children with CKD have been detailed previously in the KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines on Hypertension and Antihypertensive Agents in Chronic Kidney Disease, Guideline 13: Special Considerations in Although there is insufficient trial evidence to recommend the use of ABPM in this Guideline, by virtue of frequent measurement and recording, ABPM allows the practitioner to compute the mean BP during the day, night, and over 24 hours, as well as to assess the time in which BP exceeds the upper limit of the normal range (i.e., the BP load). 