Reduced expression of systemic proinflammatory and myocardial biomarkers after off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a prospective ran- domized study. J Crit Care. 2010;25:305 12. 214. Ghosh S, Galinanes M. Protection of the human heart with ischemic preconditioning during cardiac surgery: role of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:133 42. 215. Jenkins DP, Pugsley WB, Alkhulaifi AM, et al. Ischaemic precondi- tioning reduces troponin T release in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart. 1997;77:314 8. 216. Loubani M, Ghosh S, Galinanes M. The aging human myocardium: tolerance to ischemia and responsiveness to ischemic preconditioning. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:143 7. 217. Wu ZK, Iivainen T, Pehkonen E, et al. Ischemic preconditioning suppresses ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial revascular- ization. Circulation. 2002;106:3091 6. 218. Walsh SR, Tang T, Sadat U, et al. Cardioprotection by remote ischaemic preconditioning. Br J Anaesth. 2007;99:611 6. 219. Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Marymont JH, et al. Opioids and cardiopro- tection: the impact of morphine and fentanyl on recovery of ventricular function after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006;20:493 502. 220. Peart JN, Gross GJ. Cardioprotective effects of acute and chronic opioid treatment are mediated via different signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291:H1746 53. 221. Wang B, Shravah J, Luo H, et al. Propofol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via Akt activation and Bcl-2 up-regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;389: 105 11. 222. Xia Z, Huang Z, Ansley DM. Large-dose propofol during cardiopul- monary bypass decreases biochemical markers of myocardial injury in coronary surgery patients: a comparison with isoflurane. Anesth Analg. 2006;103:527 32. 223. De Hert SG, ten Broecke PW, Mertens E, et al. sevoflurane but not propofol preserves myocardial function in coronary surgery patients. Anesthesiology. 2002;97:42 9. 224. 