In addition to this two RCTs included in the Cochrane review 48, 376 on structured telephone support did not have any extractable data and were therefore excluded in this review. The studies included within the Cochrane review were incorporated into our guideline in the following ways: Data has been analysed separately for patients who have recently been admitted to hospital and for patients recruited within the community. Where the study has not reported this information, we have included a mixed strata as these papers potentially represent a combination of recently admitted and community dwelling people. The outcomes quality of life and adherence to intervention were reported narratively by the Cochrane review. For the current review, quality of life and adherence data have only been included when reported by the study in an extractable format. Risk of bias assessment per study was directly adopted for the outcomes all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalisation. The outcome quality of life was downgraded where studies reported final values with no baseline scores or where the intervention and comparison scores were not matched at baseline. Two of the included studies reported multiple intervention arm66, 228 Data from these studies was separated out into the two interventions of interest (structured telephone support and telemonitoring). Chronic Heart Failure Monitoring NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Funnel plots were constructed by the Cochrane authors to assess for potential publication bias (appendix F) for the outcomes all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalisation. This was taken into consideration when assessing the quality of the evidence for strata containing more than 5 studies. 