Population Adults with CKD (CKD G1 G5 without kidney transplant) and high BP Intervention Any exercise intervention greater than 8 weeks duration (to examine the effects of regular ongoing physical exercise training) Comparator Standard of care Outcomes Outcomes listed in Table 1 Additional outcomes fat mass, BP, quality of life Study design RCTs Cochrane review Heiwe S and Jacobson SH. Exercise training for adults with chronic kidney disease (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011:10;CD00323.380 SoF table Supplementary Tables S10, S47, and S48 Guideline Chapter 3 Blood pressure management in patients with CKD, with or without diabetes, not receiving dialysis Clinical question In patients with CKD, does lower (intensive) BP targets compared to standard BP targets improve clinical ef cacy outcomes and reduce adverse effects? Population Adults with CKD (CKD G1 G5 without kidney transplant) and with or without diabetes (T1D and T2D) Intervention Lower BP target (<140/80 mm Hg, <130/80 mm Hg, <120 mm Hg, MAP <92 mm Hg target) Comparator Standard BP target (including MAP target 102 107 mm Hg) Outcomes Critical and important outcomes listed in Table 1 Study design RCTs Cochrane review None relevant SoF table Supplementary Tables S11 S14, S54 S59, and S75 S78 Clinical question In patients with CKD, does RAS inhibition compared to placebo/no treatment or standard of care improve clinical ef cacy outcomes and reduce adverse effects? Population Adults with CKD (CKD G1 G5 without kidney transplant) and with and without diabetes (T1D and T2D) Intervention ACEi, ARB, aldosterone antagonists Comparator Placebo/standard of care Outcomes Critical and important outcomes listed in Table 1 Study design RCTs Cochrane review Strippoli GFM, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006:4;CD006257.259 Sharma P, et al. 