J Hypertens 1994; 12: 1433 1437. 48. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X et al. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 493 503. 49. Chen L, Davey Smith G, Harbord RM et al. Alcohol intake and blood pressure: a systematic review implementing a Mendelian randomization approach. PLoS Med 2008; 5: e52. 50. Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA et al. Body mass index and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obes Res 2000; 8: 605 619. 51. The Obesity in Asia Collaboration. Is central obesity a better discriminator of the risk of hypertension than body mass index in ethnically diverse populations? J Hypertens 2008; 26: 169 177. 52. Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P et al. Body-mass index and cause- specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet 2009; 373: 1083 1096. 53. Dickinson HO, Mason JM, Nicolson DJ et al. Lifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 2006; 24: 215 233. 54. Navaneethan SD, Yehnert H, Moustarah F et al. Weight loss interventions in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 1565 1574. 55. Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K et al. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2009; 122: 248 256 e245. 56. James WP, Caterson ID, Coutinho W et al. Effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 905 917. 57. Topol EJ, Bousser MG, Fox KA et al. Rimonabant for prevention of cardiovascular events (CRESCENDO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo- controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 376: 517 523. 58. 