The Work Group defined CKD according to the standard KDOQI classification system2 as endorsed by KDIGO.3 Populations of interest. The populations covered in this guideline are: K Adults with CKD ND without diabetes mellitus K Adults with CKD ND with diabetes mellitus K Adults with CKD ND who have received a kidney transplant (CKD T) K Children with CKD ND K Elderly with CKD ND The scope of this guideline did not include BP manage- ment in patients with dialysis-dependent CKD 5 (CKD 5D) since this has been the topic of a recent KDIGO consensus and has been covered by two recent systematic There are other groups of patients with CKD for whom specific recommendations might be welcome, but who are not represented in sufficient numbers in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to constitute a sufficiently robust evidence base. The evidence review team (ERT) was asked to present the evidence separately for adults with CKD and diabetes, since these individuals constitute the single largest subgroup of CKD patients in the world. The separation of the evidence base according to diabetes status meant that there were two separate datasets for the Work Group to review. Although the two sets of recommen- dations had much in common, the Work Group decided that they differed sufficiently in detail to warrant two separate chapters. Adults who received a kidney transplant, children, and the elderly were also thought to deserve dedicated chapters, although the evidence base for each of these subpopulations is rather small. The Work Group was unable to identify sufficient evidence to make recommendations according to severity (stage) of CKD, although common sense dictates that pharmacological management should differ at least between mild CKD (patients with normal glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) and advanced CKD (patients with low GFR). 