Multiple systematic reviews of lifestyle-based behavioral interventions identify an existing knowl- edge gap relating to the potential of the inter- ventions reported to date to affect outcomes of recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular end points in the longer term, beyond the intervention Many behavioral interventions in published tri- als after stroke fail to identify whether a behavior change theory underpinned the intervention deliv- ered, making it difficult to ascertain successful and unsuccessful components of complex behavior A significant knowledge gap exists with respect to the specific or allied role of family caregivers and dyads in stroke secondary prevention in both the promotion and maintenance of health behaviors after stroke. To address these shortfalls, future prospective, multi- centered randomized controlled trials are required that consider and report the following: A clearly identified behavior change theory as a basis for intervention A documented time point after stroke for targeted intervention delivery A detailed intervention description that identifies the frequency and duration of the intervention, the personnel required to deliver the intervention, the intervention setting (eg, subacute care, commu- nity care, mixed), and the skill level and training in behavioral counseling of the interventionist Data collection that permits disaggregation by sex and other relevant characteristics to identify responders/nonresponders to intervention. 6.3. Health Equity Recommendations for Health Equity Referenced studies that support recommendations are summarized in online Data Supplement 65. COR LOE Recommendations In patients with stroke or TIA, evaluating and addressing social determinants of health (eg, literacy level, language proficiency, medica- tion affordability, food insecurity, housing, and transportation barriers) when managing stroke risk factors is recommended to reduce healthcare disparities. In patients with stroke or TIA, monitoring the achievement of nationally accepted, evidence- based performance measures is recommended to allow inequities to be identified and addressed. 