The member- ship of the panel and the GRADE center team is described in supplement 1. The panel included hematologists, internists, a clinical pharmacol- ogist, other physicians, and pharmacists with clinical and research expertise in the use of anticoagulants; physicians and other scientists from other disciplines with similar expertise; methodolo- gists with expertise in evidence appraisal and guideline develop- ment; and 2 patient representatives. The panel chair was a practicing anticoagulation pharmacist and content expert. The vice chair was a practicing internist and methodologist with experience in guideline development processes. In addition to synthesizing evidence systematically, the McMaster GRADE Centre supported the guideline develop- ment process, including determining methods, preparing agendas and meeting materials, and facilitating panel discus- sions. The panel s work was done using web-based tools (www.surveymonkey.com and www.gradepro.org) and face-to-face and online meetings. Guideline funding and management of conflicts of interest Development of these guidelines was wholly funded by ASH, a nonprofit medical specialty society that represents hematologists. Most members of the guideline panel were members of ASH. ASH staff supported panel appointments and coordinated meetings but had no role in choosing the guideline questions or determining the recommendations. Members of the guideline panel received travel reimbursement for attendance at in-person meetings, and the patient representa- tives were offered an honorarium of US $200 each (1 individual accepted the honorarium, and 1 declined it). The panelists received no other payments. Through the McMaster GRADE Centre, some researchers who contributed to the systematic evidence reviews received salary or grant support. Other researchers participated to fulfill requirements of an academic degree or program. 