CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Kleindorfer Abbreviation Meaning/Phrase ACC American College of Cardiology ACS acute coronary syndrome ACTIVE W Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial With Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events AF atrial fibrillation AHA American Heart Association AHI apnea-hypopnea index ARCH Aortic Arch Related Cerebral Hazard Trial ARISTOTLE Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thrombo- embolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation ASA American Stroke Association ASAP Addressing Sleep Apnea Post Stroke/TIA ASTRO-APS Apixaban for Secondary Prevention of Thromboembo- lism Among Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease BMI body mass index BP blood pressure BUST-Stroke Breaking Up Sitting Time After Stroke CADISS Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults CAP Continued Access Registry CAPRIE Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischaemic Events CAS carotid artery stenting CATHARSIS Cilostazol-Aspirin Therapy Against Recurrent Stroke With Intracranial Artery Stenosis CEA carotid endarterectomy CHANCE Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Acute Non- Disabling Cerebrovascular Events CICAS Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis CLAIR Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin for Infarction Reduction CLOSE Patent Foramen Ovale Closure or Anticoagulants Ver- sus Antiplatelet Therapy to Prevent Stroke Recurrence CNS central nervous system COMMANDER HF A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke in Participants With Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure COMPASS Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagu- lation Strategies COR Class of Recommendation COSS Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CREST Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial CSPS Cilostazol for Prevention of Secondary Stroke CT computed tomography CTA computed tomographic angiography CVD cardiovascular disease DAPT dual antiplatelet therapy DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DCCT Diabetes Control and Complication Trial DESERVE Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascular Events DHA docosahexaenoic acid DiRECT Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial DOAC direct-acting oral anticoagulant ECST European Carotid Surgery Trial EF ejection fraction ENGAGE Global Study to Assess the Safety and Effective- ness of Edoxaban (DU-176b) vs Standard Practice of Dosing With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation EPA eicosapentaenoic acid EPIC-CVD European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-CVD case-cohort study ESH-CHL-SHOT European Society of Hypertension and Chinese Hypertension League Stroke in Hypertension Optimal Treatment Trial ESPRIT European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial ESPS2 Second European Stroke Prevention Study ESUS embolic stroke of undetermined source ExStroke Physical Exercise After Acute Ischaemic Stroke FASTEST Efficacy and Safety of a TIA/Stroke Electronic Support Tool FMD fibromuscular dysplasia FOURIER Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research With PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects With Elevated Risk GELIA German Experience With Low Intensity Anticoagulation HR hazard ratio ICA internal carotid artery ICARUSS Integrated Care for the Reduction of Secondary Stroke ICAS intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis ICH intracerebral hemorrhage IE infective endocarditis IMPROVE-IT Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial INR international normalized ratio INSPiRE-TMS Intensified Secondary Prevention Intending a Reduction of Recurrent Events in TIA and Minor Stroke Patients IPE icosapent ethyl IRIS Insulin Resistance Intervention After Stroke JAM Japan Adult Moyamoya JELIS Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study LDL low-density lipoprotein LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LOE Level of Evidence LV left ventricular LVAD left ventricular assist devices MACE major adverse cardiovascular event MD mean difference MI myocardial infarction MIST Motivational Interviewing in Stroke MRA magnetic resonance angiography MRI magnetic resonance imaging NAILED Stroke Nurse Based Age Independent Intervention to Limit Evolution of Disease After Stroke Abbreviation Meaning/Phrase CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Kleindorfer NASCET North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial NAVIGATE ESUS Rivaroxaban Versus Aspirin in Secondary Prevention of Stroke and Prevention of Systemic Embolism in Patients With Recent Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab OMEMI Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction OR odds ratio OSA obstructive sleep apnea OXVASC Oxford Vascular Study PAR population-attributable risk PAST-BP Prevention After Stroke Blood Pressure PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PFO patent foramen ovale PODCAST Prevention of Decline in Cognition after Stroke Trial POINT Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke PRAISE Prevent Recurrence of All Inner-City Strokes Through Education PREDIMED Prevenci n con Dieta Mediterr nea PREVAIL Prospective Randomised Evaluation of the Watchman LAA Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long Term Warfarin Therapy PREVENTION Preventing Recurrent Vascular Events in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack PRoFESS Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes PROTECT AF Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation PTAS percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting RCT randomized controlled trial RE-ALIGN Randomized, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dabigatran Etexilate in Patients After Heart Valve Replacement RE-LY Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy REDUCE-IT Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl Intervention Trial REGARDS Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study RESPECT Randomized Evaluation of Recurrent Stroke Compar- ing PFO Closure to Established Current Standard of Care Treatment RESPECT ESUS Dabigatran Etexilate for Secondary Stroke Preven- tion in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source RISE-UP Recovery in Stroke Using PAP ROCKET AF Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibi- tion Compared With Vitamin K Antagonism for Preven- tion of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation RR relative risk SAMMPRIS Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis SAPPHIRE Stenting and Angioplasty With Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy SAPT single antiplatelet therapy SAVE Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints SBP systolic blood pressure SCD sickle cell disease SIT Silent Cerebral Infarct Transfusion multi-center clinical trial Sleep SMART Sleep for Stroke Management and Recovery Trial SMART Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease SOCRATES Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator in Heart Failure Studies SPAF Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study SPARCL Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Choles- terol Levels SPS3 Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes STANDFIRM Shared Team Approach Between Nurses and Doctors for Improved Risk Factor Management for Stroke Patients STOP Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia SUCCEED Secondary Stroke Prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic Care Model Teams Early to End Disparities SUSTAIN Systemic Use of Stroke Averting Interventions STRENGTH Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk Reduction With Epanova in High CV Risk Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia SWiTCH Stroke With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea TARDIS Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischaemic Stroke TCAR transcarotid artery revascularization TCD transcranial Doppler TEE transesophageal echocardiography THALES Acute Stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack Treated With Ticagrelor and ASA for Prevention of Stroke and Death TIA transient ischemic attack TOSS Trial of Cilostazol in Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis TST Treat Stroke to Target TWiTCH TCD With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea UKPDS United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study VAST Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial VHD valvular heart disease VISP Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention VISSIT Vitesse Intracranial Stent Study for Ischemic Stroke Therapy VIST Vertebral Artery Ischemic Stenting Trial VISTA Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive VITATOPS Vitamins to Prevent Stroke VKA vitamin K antagonist VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein VZV varicella zoster virus WARCEF Warfarin vs. Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction WARSS Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study WASID Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease WEAVE Wingspan Stent System Post Market Surveillance Abbreviation Meaning/Phrase Abbreviation Meaning/Phrase CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Kleindorfer 2. 