In pla- cebo-controlled trials, although the relative risks of total major cardiovascular events were reduced by regimens based on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (22%) or calcium antagonists (18%), the risk for develop- ing HF was reduced significantly by ACE inhibitors but not calcium antagonists.27 Greater risk reductions were produced by treatment regimens that targeted lower BP goals than those targeting relatively higher BP goals.28 Treatment Treatment of Hypertension in Patients at Risk for Developing HF Goals of Treatment of Hypertension to Prevent HF Patients with hypertension are at high risk for develop- ing HF (stage A), and their BP should be controlled in accordance with contemporary guidelines to lower the risk of HF (Level of Evidence A8 ; Table 2). According to the recently published 2014 evidence-based guidelines for the management of high BP in adults,7 the goal for treatment of BP has been identified as <140/90 mmHg for patients who are <60 years of age or for adult pa- tients with chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus and as <150/90 mmHg for patients 60 years of age in the general population. It should be noted that this last recommendation of a higher target for patients 60 years of age has been controversial and debated in the There is evidence that the initiation of an- tihypertensive treatment for the above thresholds is as- sociated with a reduction of HF and other cardiovascular events and overall mortality among hypertensive adults 30 years of age in the general population or in hyper- tensive patients 18 years of age with chronic kidney disease or diabetes mellitus.7 Similar targets were quot- ed in the 2002 AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke, which identified a general goal of <140/90 mmHg for the treatment of Figure 1. 