Table 11: Summary of studies included in the review Study Population Target condition Index test Reference standard Comments People with suspected heart failure Age range: 24- Gender (M:F): UK Heart failure BNP ESC criteria, assessed by panel of three cardiologists People with suspected heart failure Age (mean Gender (M:F): The Netherlands Heart failure BNP NT-proBNP ESC criteria and Heart Failure Society of America assessed by panel of cardiologist, pulmonologist and a GP. Full diagnostic accuracy results not reported. People complaining of dyspnoea of at Heart failure NT-proBNP ESC criteria Results stratified by age and sex. High risk of bias Chronic Heart Failure Diagnosing heart failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Study Population Target condition Index test Reference standard Comments least 2 weeks duration. Not all participants were suspected to have heart failure, and a small number already had a clinical diagnosis of heart failure. Age (median; Gender (M:F): Denmark Serious indirectness people completed the study) People presenting with dyspnoea, or oedema and a working diagnosis of heart failure Age (median; Gender (M:F): Ireland Heart failure BNP Clinical assessment and objective evidence based on echocardiography, assessed by a single cardiologist Very high risk of bias Serious indirectness People with symptoms suggestive of heart failure Age (mean Heart failure NT-proBNP ESC criteria, assessed by a panel of three cardiology specialists Chronic Heart Failure Diagnosing heart failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. 