Striving to achieve an HbA1c of 7% is a reasonable goal for most patients after CABG to reduce microvascular diabetic complications and macrovascular cardiovas- cular disease (Class IIa; Level of Evidence B). Smoking Cessation According to the World Health Organization, 100 million deaths resulted from tobacco use in the 20th century, and it has been estimated that 1 billion more deaths may occur in the Compared with those who have never smoked tobacco, smokers lose on average 1 decade of life expec- This mortality risk can be lowered through smoking cessation, and if smoking cessation occurs before the age of 40, the reduction in risk associated with smoking is 90%.289 The risk of cardiovascular disease associated with cigarette smoke exposure increases in a dose-response fashion, with the greatest increase in risk occurring in individuals who have no cigarette exposure compared with those who have low levels of exposure, including secondhand smoke.1 At the time of the Kulik et al Secondary Prevention After CABG 943 first report of the Surgeon General s Advisory Committee in 1964, smoking rates in the United States approached 45%. Although significant progress has been made since then, tobacco use remains a leading modifiable cause of death in the United States, with 21.3% of adult men and 16.7% of adult women still engaging in cigarette smoking.1 In patients who have had CABG, smoking can adversely affect both short- and long-term clinical outcomes. 