Economic outcomes of ICD implantation for second- ary prevention of SCD were assessed in the AVID and CIDS trials,S7.1.1-11,S7.1.1-12 as well as in a simulation and an observational study of Medicare All studies compared ICD recipi- ents with non-ICD recipients, and all found that ICD recipients had longer overall survival and higher lifetime costs of medical care. All studies reported incremental cost-effectiveness ratios between $64000 and $100000 per year of life added by an which is in the range of intermedi- ate value by the benchmarks applied in the ACC/ AHA cost/value statement.S7.1.1-15 3. VAs are an important cause of syncope or near syn- cope in patients with ischemic heart disease, particu- larly those with prior infarction. A study of 70 patients with unexplained syncope who underwent an elec- trophysiological study identified positive findings in 37 patients; 31 with VT. During 3 years of follow-up, patients with a positive electrophysiological study had higher rates of SCD and 3-year total mortality (61% versus 15%, respectively) than those with a negative An ICD is warranted for patients with syncope and inducible sustained monomorphic VT even if they do not otherwise meet criteria for primary prevention (Figure 4). 7.1.1.1. Coronary Artery Spasm Recommendations for Patients With Coronary Artery Spasm References that support the recommendations are summarized in Online Data Supplement 20. 