Evidence on all of the outcomes except for beta-blocker prescribing had very wide confidence intervals around the effect estimates. The larger study provided low quality evidence for NYHA class change and prescribing of ACE-inhibitors which showed no clinical difference in the former and a clinical benefit for the latter. Case management This category included one study (n=161) with a high risk population exposed to a mid-length case management intervention. Very low quality evidence showed a clinically important decrease in hospitalisations. Very low quality evidence on mortality did not demonstrate a clear effect with the confidence interval ranging from a decrease and increase in all-cause mortality Low to very low quality evidence on quality of life suggested no clinically important difference. High risk, Long Home-based MDT This category included one study (n=683) with a high risk population exposed to a long home- based MDT intervention. Low quality evidence suggested a clinically important increase in hospitalisations . Mortality did not demonstrate a clear effect with the confidence interval ranging from a decrease and increase in all-cause mortality. MDT clinic This category included five studies (n=338, n=173, n=240, n=234, n=197) with high risk populations exposed to a long MDT clinic intervention. Moderate to very low quality evidence from the five studies consistently showed a clinically important reduction in hospitalisations or days in hospital. High to very low quality evidence from four of the studies also suggested a clinically important reduction in mortality or cardiac mortality in two studies,no clear effect in two studies and the fifth study suggested a clinically important increase. Low to very low quality evidence on quality of life reported in three of the studies (n=220, n=210, n=197) suggested a clinically important benefit. 