Readers should be aware that several recently published guideline documents detail the strategies for risk assessment and management. The recommendations in this document reflect the published guidelines, but readers are advised to consult other recent guidelines such as those on the assess- ment of cardiovascular risk,27 lifestyle management, particu- larly as it relates to diet and exercise,28 and the management Cardiovascular risk factors may be described as nonmodifi- able or modifiable. The nonmodifiable risk factors of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and genetic predisposition/family history are not addressed in this report. The potentially modifiable risk factors include dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obe- sity, PAD, and renal insufficiency. The management of dyslipidemia was the subject of a recent In essence, the new guideline does not support continued use of specific low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol treatment targets. The guideline advocates the use of a 10-year risk calculator to Table 2. Summary of Pharmacological Treatment of Hypertension in the Management of Ischemic Heart Disease. ACEI or ARB Diuretic -Blocker Non-DHP CCB DHP CCB Nitrates Aldosterone Antagonist Hydralazine/ Isosorbide Dinitrate ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DHP, dihydropyridine; HF, heart failure; 1, drug of choice; and 2, add-on, alternative drug, or special indications. *Especially if prior myocardial infarction, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, or proteinuric chronic kidney disease is present. Chlorthalidone is preferred. Loop diuretic should be used in the presence of HF (New York Heart Association class III or IV) or chronic kidney disease with glomerular . Caution should be exercised in HF with preserved ejection fraction. If -blocker is contraindicated, a non-DHP CCB can be substituted, but not if left ventricular dysfunction or HF is present. 