Guideline development followed an explicit process of evidence review and appraisal. Treatment approaches are addressed in each chapter and guideline recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant trials. Appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the GRADE approach. Ongoing areas of controversies and limitations of the evidence are discussed and additional suggestions are also provided for future research. Keywords: blood pressure; chronic kidney disease; clinical practice guideline; evidence-based recommendation; KDIGO; systematic review CITATION In citing this document, the following format should be used: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Blood Pressure Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney inter., Suppl. 2012; 2: 337 414. http://www.kidney-international.org & 2012 KDIGO Summary of Recommendation Statements http://www.kidney-international.org & 2012 KDIGO Chapter 2: Lifestyle and pharmacological treatments for lowering blood pressure in CKD ND patients GENERAL STRATEGIES 2.1: Individualize BP targets and agents according to age, co-existent cardiovascular disease and other co-morbidities, risk of progression of CKD, presence or absence of retinopathy (in CKD patients with diabetes) and tolerance of treatment. (Not Graded) 2.2: Inquire about postural dizziness and check for postural hypotension regularly when treating CKD patients with BP-lowering drugs. (Not Graded) LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION 2.3: Encourage lifestyle modification in patients with CKD to lower BP and improve long-term cardiovascular and other outcomes: 2.3.1: We recommend achieving or maintaining a healthy weight (BMI 20 to 25). (1D) 2.3.2: We recommend lowering salt intake to o90 mmol (o2 g) per day of sodium (corresponding to 5 g of sodium chloride), unless contraindicated. (1C) 2.3.3: We recommend undertaking an exercise program compatible with cardiovascular health and tolerance, aiming for at least 30 minutes 5 times per week. 