In population health surveys, a large proportion of the elderly have a reduced GFR. In the United States, NHANES 1999 2004 data showed that 37.8% of subjects 470 years had (measured using the MDRD equation); this prevalence had increased from 27.8% in the Nearly 50% of United States veterans aged 485 years fulfilled the definition for CKD.362 Similarly in China,363 a high prevalence of CKD has been found in older populations. With greater access to health care among the elderly, this group is the fastest-growing population requiring dialysis, with 25% and 21.3% of dialysis patients in the United States and Australia, respectively, being Z75 years of age366,367 and between 31 and 36% of patients receiving renal replacement therapy in different regions of the United Kingdom being 7.1: Tailor BP treatment regimens in elderly patients with CKD ND by carefully considering age, co-morbidities and other therapies, with gradual escalation of treatment and close attention to adverse events related to BP treatment, including electrolyte dis- orders, acute deterioration in kidney function, orthostatic hypotension and drug side effects. (Not Graded) RATIONALE The relationships between CKD and BP in the elderly in the United States have recently been reviewed in detail.369 Among NHANES III (1988 1994) subjects aged Z60 years of age, either treated or not treated for a high BP, there was a J-shaped relationship between BP and CKD prevalence. 