Patients with AF INR, 2-3 Other - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies Patients with AF and valvular heart disease/ prosthetic valves INR, 2-3 Other - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies (Continued) chestjournal.org TABLE 1 ] (Continued) Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology 5.1 TTR What is the association between TTR and outcomes in AF? Patients with AF Good TTR Poor TTR - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies 5.1 Monitoring of VKA therapy What is the most effective way to monitor VKA therapy? Patients with AF on VKA therapy Point-of-care testing, patient self-monitoring Usual care - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies Special situations 5.3a Patients with AF with stable coronary artery disease or peripheral arterial disease What are the bene ts and risks of adding aspirin therapy to VKA therapy? 