Associated Guidelines and Related References Title Organization Publication Year (Reference) Recommendations for Evaluation of the Severity of Native Valvular Regurgitation With Two-Dimensional and Doppler Echocardiography European Association of Echocardiography Recommendations for the Assessment of Valvular Regurgitation, Part 2: Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation (Native Valve Disease) Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation ACC/AHA/ESC 2006, 2008, 20197 9 Guidelines for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease ACC/AHA 201810 Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice EAE/ASE 200911 Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines for the Evaluation of Valvular Regurgitation After Percutaneous Valve Repair or Replacement: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Recommendations for Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves With Echocardiography and Doppler Ultrasound ASE 200914 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ACCF/AHA 201115 Guidelines on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases During Pregnancy ESC 2011, 201817, 18 Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy for Valvular Disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis ACCP 201219 Guidelines on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease ESC/EACTS 201220 Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure ACCF/AHA 201722 ACC indicates American College of Cardiology; ACCF, American College of Cardiology Foundation; ACCP, American College of Chest Physicians; AHA, American Heart Association; ASE, American Society of Echocardiography; EACI, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging; EACTS, European Association of Cardio Thoracic Surgery; EAE, European Association of Echocardiography; and ESC, European Society of Cardiology. Abbreviation Meaning/Phrase ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme AF atrial fibrillation ARB angiotensin receptor blocker aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time AR aortic regurgitation AS aortic stenosis AVR aortic valve replacement BAV bicuspid aortic valve BNP B-type natriuretic peptide CABG coronary artery bypass graft surgery CAD coronary artery disease CMR cardiac magnetic resonance COR Class of Recommendation CT computed tomography ECG electrocardiogram GDMT guideline-directed management and therapy HF heart failure IE infective endocarditis INR international normalized ratio LA left atrium (left atrial) LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES 2. 