The first search was conducted in November 2009 and was subsequently updated in April and August of 2010; the final update was done in January 2011. Additional focused searches were conducted to identify RCTs evaluating lifestyle interventions of salt restriction, weight loss, and diet and exercise in CKD and to look for reviews of adverse effects of anti-hypertensive agents. The ERTrelied on Work Group members to identify large, general population RCTs reporting on subgroup analyses based on CKD, GFR, or proteinuria status. Additional pertinent articles were added from the reference lists of JNC 7 and relevant meta-analyses and systematic reviews (Table 7). The search yield was also supplemented by articles provided by Work Group members through February 2012. A total of 10, 657 citations were initially screened. Journal articles reporting original data, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were selected for evidence review. Editorials, letters, abstracts, unpublished reports, and articles published in non peer-reviewed journals were not included. The Work Group also decided to exclude publications from journal supplements because of potential differences in the process of how they get solicited, selected, reviewed, and edited compared to peer-reviewed publications. Post hoc analyses were also excluded, however, after discussion with the Work Group, it was decided that exception would be made for post-trial observational follow-up reports from RCTs looking at BP targets as BP interventions may take longer time to influence outcomes. These studies were downgraded one level to designate that they are of lesser quality than the original RCT. The overall search yield along with the number of abstracts identified and articles reviewed for each topic are presented in Table 8. Data extraction Data extraction was done by the ERT. 