Age (median; Gender (M:F): Denmark Serious indirectness people completed the study) People presenting with dyspnoea, or oedema and a working diagnosis of heart failure Age (median; Gender (M:F): Ireland Heart failure BNP Clinical assessment and objective evidence based on echocardiography, assessed by a single cardiologist Very high risk of bias Serious indirectness People with symptoms suggestive of heart failure Age (mean Heart failure NT-proBNP ESC criteria, assessed by a panel of three cardiology specialists Chronic Heart Failure Diagnosing heart failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Study Population Target condition Index test Reference standard Comments Gender (M:F): UK People with suspected heart failure Age (mean Gender (M:F): Spain Heart failure NT-proBNP ESC criteria, assessed by a single cardiologist People with suspected heart failure based on new symptoms Age (median; Gender (M:F): UK Heart failure BNP NT-proBNP ESC criteria, assessed by a single cardiologist People with suspected heart failure based on symptoms and clinical examination Age (mean Gender (M:F): Heart failure BNP NT-proBNP Presence of HF symptoms/signs and either: (a) an EF < 50%, according to the ESC criteria or (b) elevated LV filling pressure. Assessed by one of seven cardiologists. Full diagnostic accuracy results not reported. Very high risk of bias Serious indirectness Chronic Heart Failure Diagnosing heart failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Study Population Target condition Index test Reference standard Comments Switzerland Diagnosing heart failure Chronic Heart Failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. 