Eight-year follow-up of patients with permanent vena cava lters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism: the PREPIC (Prevention du Risque d Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave) randomized study. Circulation. 2005;112(3):416-422. 97. Stein PD, Matta F. Vena cava lters in unstable elderly patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Am J Med. 2014;127(3):222-225. 98. Stein PD, Matta F, Keyes DC, Willyerd GL. Impact of vena cava lters on in-hospital case fatality rate from pulmonary embolism. Am J Med. 2012;125(5):478-484. 99. Muriel A, Jimenez D, Aujesky D, et al. Survival effects of inferior vena cava lter in patients with acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism and a signi cant bleeding risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(16):1675-1683. 100. Prasad V, Rho J, Cifu A. The inferior vena cava lter: how could a medical device be so well accepted without any evidence of ef cacy? JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(7):493-495. 101. Girard P, Meyer G, Parent F, Mismetti P. Medical literature, vena cava lters and evidence of ef cacy. A descriptive review. Thromb Haemost. 2014;111(4):761-769. 102. Mismetti P, Laporte S, Pellerin O, et al. Effect of a retrievable inferior vena cava lter plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation alone on risk of recurrent pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1627-1635. 103. Brandjes DP, Buller HR, Heijboer H, et al. Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1997;349(9054):759-762. 104. Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al. Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(4):249-256. 105. Kahn SR, Comerota AJ, Cushman M, et al. The postthrombotic syndrome: evidence-based prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scienti c statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;130(18):1636-1661. 106. Kahn SR, Shapiro S, Wells PS, et al. Compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomised placebo- controlled trial. Lancet. 