Principle 9: Focus on the patient s symptoms, func- tional capacity, and cardiac function. Maintain surveil- lance of the patient s health status using validated symptom questionnaires (e.g., the Kansas City Important Pathophysiological Targets in Chronic, Hemodynamically Stable HFrEF and Treatments Target Therapy Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ARNIs/ACEIs/ARBs, aldosterone antagonists Sympathetic nervous system Beta-blockers Natriuretic and other vasodilator peptides Neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) Balanced vasodilation and oxidative stress modulation HYD/ISDN Elevated heart rate Beta-blocker, ivabradine Guanylyl cyclase Soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulators Relief of congestion Diuretic agents Ventricular arrhythmias Implantable cardioverter- de brillators Ventricular dyssynchrony due to conduction abnormalities Cardiac resynchronization therapy Mitral regurgitation Surgical or percutaneous mitral valve repair Reduced aerobic capacity Aerobic exercise training ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; HFrEF heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HYD/ISDN hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate; SGLT2 sodium- glucose cotransporter-2. J Maddox et al. Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). This could be achieved during cardiac rehabilitation, which should be used to improve patient-reported outcomes, reduce hospitaliza- tions, and improve aerobic tness. Principle 10: The value of a therapy to a patient is the combination of bene ts and burdens as they relate to that patient s values, goals, and preferences. Shared decision-making will help patients and the healthcare team reach the best treatment plan for the individual patient. Principle 11: Team-based care is critical to optimizing GDMT and may include frequent follow-up visits, tele- health visits, and remote monitoring. Employ multidisciplinary teams that include advanced practice professionals, clinical nurses, and pharmacists to help titrate GDMT. Team management also facilitates se- rial assessments and longitudinal care, including man- agement of comorbidities. 5.9. 