In diastole, the loss of elastic recoil leads to a reduced diastolic pressure. These changes together contribute to a higher pulse pressure and faster pulse wave velocity, since the pulse wave travels more rapidly when the larger arteries are less compliant. Measurement of pulse pressure or pulse wave velocity can therefore offer insights into vascular structure and function.32,373 Studies of pulse pressure or chapter 8 http://www.kidney-international.org & 2012 KDIGO Table 4 | Existing guidelines on ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP monitoring Society or authors Measurement recommendations British Hypertension Home BP monitoring: Accuracy of at-home recordings can be improved by calibration of the home instrument with a known standard, but even so, a lower threshold for treatment is recommended (i.e., less than 135/85 mm Hg) because of inaccuracies in home measurements and the tendency for home readings to be lower than office readings. ABPM: Recommended levels of normality for ambulatory BP BP levels (mm Hg) Optimal Normal Abnormal Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for self-monitoring of BP Home BP monitoring: 1. Arm-cuff devices based on the cuff-oscillometric method that have been validated officially and the accuracy of which has been confirmed in each individual should be used for home BP measurement. 2. The BP should be measured at the upper arm. Finger-cuff devices and wrist-cuff devices should not be used for home BP measurements. 3. Devices for home BP measurement should be adapted to the American Association for Medical Instrumentation standards and the British Hypertension Society guidelines. In addition, the difference between the BP measured by the auscultatory method and the device should be within 5 mm Hg in each individual. The home measurement device should be validated before use and at regular intervals during use. 4. 