It has been suggested that FEIBA or rFVIIa may be better for the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, whereas other PCCs may be better for the factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban,96 99 but these data are preliminary. Activated charcoal can be used if the most recent dose of dabi- gatran, apixaban, or rivaroxaban was taken within the previous couple of hours.100 Hemodialysis has been noted as an option for dabigatran, but less so for rivaroxaban or apixaban because these are more highly protein bound.90 Specific antidotes for these medications are in early clinical development.101 Antiplatelet Medication Related ICH Studies addressing the effect of prior antiplatelet agent use or platelet dysfunction on ICH growth and outcome have found conflicting results. Reported antiplatelet agent use was not associated with hematoma expansion or clinical outcome in the placebo group of an ICH neuroprotective study.102 Others have suggested that platelet dysfunction as measured by plate- let function assays may be associated with hematoma expan- sion and clinical outcome.103,104 Platelet function monitoring could be helpful in assessing exposure to antiplatelet medica- tions and guiding hemostatic interventions, but this approach has not been fully studied. A case series of 45 ICH patients receiving platelet transfusion at the discretion of their phy- sician demonstrated improved platelet reactivity after trans- fusion with the VerifyNow-ASA assay.105 Subgroup analysis in those at high risk of hemorrhage growth suggested that platelet transfusion within 12 hours of symptom onset was associated with smaller final hemorrhage outcome and inde- pendence at 3 months. Two randomized controlled trials are ongoing to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet transfusion in ICH patients taking antiplatelet agents.106,107 rFVIIa in ICH Not Related to Anticoagulant Agents rFVIIa has also been tested in patients with non-OAC ICH. 