In the active treatment group, the mean BP fell by almost 30/13 mmHg and produced a 30% reduction in stroke and a 64% reduction in HF but had no significant effect on MI. The HYVET authors stated, The results support a target BP of 150/80 mmHg in patients receiving treatment, since that target was reached in nearly 50% of such patients in HYVET With regard to the 65- to 79-year range, we take note of the recommendation of the ACC Foundation/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly,159 which states: The general recommended goal BP in people with uncomplicated hypertension is <140/90 mmHg. However, this target for elderly patients with hypertension is based on expert opinion rather than on data from RCTs [randomized, controlled trials], and it is unclear whether the target SBP should be the same in 65 to 79 year old versus older patients. We have therefore retained a target of <140/90 mmHg for this age group. Lower SBP values may be associated with better stroke out- comes except in the case of PROFESS, and the evidence for CAD outcomes is equivocal. The evidence that excessive low- ering of DBP may compromise cardiac outcomes (the J curve) is inconsistent. Epidemiological and clinical trial evidence both support and refute the existence of a J curve for DBP but not SBP, which suggests the presence of major confounders of data interpretation, including selection bias, comorbidities, and nonlinear interactions among age, decreasing DBP, and increasing cardiovascular risk. The vast majority of hyperten- sive individuals, including those with overt cardiac disease, will not experience problems related to lowering of DBP when standard antihypertensive medications are used. 