Potassium-containing salt substitutes differ from foods rich in potassium, as such foods may have other health bene ts, thus extrapolating data from potassium intake in the diet may not be informative to potassium-containing salt substitutes. Although there is still controversy about the risk bene t ratio of potassium intake, observational studies often found that a higher potassium intake may be associated with a lower risk for all-cause death, CV disease, and CV death. However, at advanced stages of CKD (G4 and G5), a high potassium intake may be associated with higher risk.44 46 The Work Group suggests caution in using potassium-containing salt substitutes in CKD populations, especially in those with advanced CKD, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, or hyperkalemia from other causes until more data on the safety and ef cacy of their use in CKD become available (see Practice Point 2.1.2). Quality of evidence. The Cochrane systematic reviews upda- ted for this guideline found low-to-moderate-quality evidence demonstrating that dietary sodium reduction results in short- term reductions in BP in CKD populations.47,48 This was evident for both SBP and DBP in CKD without diabetes (moderate; Supplementary Table S549 58 ); Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and CKD (low; Supplementary Table S659 63 ); Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CKD (low; Supplementary Table S764 69 ); and diabetes and severely increased albuminuria (low; Supplementary Tables S8 and S9,63,66,68,69 ). These data were considered in the context of a substantial body of evidence con rming short-term bene ts in SBP and DBP reduction in the general population. 