Patients are encouraged to ask questions with time allot- ted for caregivers to respond. Providing a relaxed atmosphere, anticipating patient concerns, and encouraging patients to keep a notebook with questions could facilitate productive conversations. It is also important that clinicians use lay terminology to explain treatment options to their patients. This involves a clear explanation of the risks and benefits of each recom- mendation, including how other comorbidities may impact each treatment option. Discussions with other physicians and healthcare providers caring for the patient will provide the broadest picture available. A full discussion about decisions for subsequent care and any further instructions is important to reinforce these issues before the patient leaves the healthcare setting. It is the responsibility of the physician and healthcare team to provide the patient with the best possible understand- ing of all management options in terms of risks, benefits, and potential effects on quality of life. 13. Evidence Gaps and Future Research Needs SVTs, even with the exclusion of AF, are among the most common arrhythmias that require medical interven- tion. The decade before the publication of the 2003 ACC/ AHA/ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients With was characterized by major shifts in understanding of the mechanism for SVT, as well as a sea change in management (because of catheter abla- tion). Since the early 2000s, there have been many iterative but important advances in pharmacological and invasive management for SVT. Catheter ablation is even better estab- lished, with a high degree of success and low complication rate, especially for the most common types of SVT, such as AVNRT and AVRT. Drug options, on the other hand, are rela- tively unchanged since publication of the 2003 guideline, per- haps relating to ongoing concern about potential adverse side effects of antiarrhythmic agents. 