The 1-year survival rate was 83.2%.10 Several systematic reviews have compared outcomes of transcatheter ViV with those of reoperative SAVR. In 1 report, ViV had similar hemodynamic out- comes to repeat surgery and lower stroke risk and bleeding risk than repeat surgery.11 A meta-anal- ysis of 498 patients demonstrated no significant differences in early and mid-term all-cause mor- tality rates with ViV or reoperation.17 In another meta-analysis of342 patients, reoperative AVR was compared with transcatheter ViV for failed degenerated aortic bioprosthesis and the group undergoing reoperative AVR had a lower all cause mortality with superior hemodynamic outcomes.18 Thus, although transcatheter ViV appears to be a safe and feasible alternative to repeat SAVR in patients who are inoperable or at high surgical risk, repeat SAVR should remain the standard of care, particularly in low-risk patients.18 12. INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS 12.1. Classification of Endocarditis Endocarditis is classified according to whether a native or prosthetic valve is affected and by timing of infec- tion after valve intervention. Prevention of endocardi- tis is important in all patients with valve disease, both before and after valve replacement or intervention (see Section 2.4.2). The risk factors involved with IE and the predominating causative organisms have evolved over CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Recommendations for Diagnosis of IE (Continued) COR LOE Recommendations time, with a recent increased incidence of drug use as- sociated IE. IE is fatal unless treated appropriately, and there are no asymptomatic patients with endocarditis. The in-hospital mortality rate for IE is 15% to 20%, with a 1-year mortality rate approaching 40%. Nonin- fective types of endocarditis are not addressed in these guidelines. 12.2. Diagnosis of IE Recommendations for Diagnosis of IE Referenced studies that support the recommendations are summarized in Online Data Supplement 42. 