For patients with valvular AF at high risk for stroke, defined as a CHA2 -VASc score of 2 and accept- ably low risk for hemorrhagic complications, long- term oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin at a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 is recommended (Class I; Level of Evidence A). 2. For patients with nonvalvular AF, a CHA2 -VASc score of 2, and acceptably low risk for hemorrhagic complications, oral anticoagulants are recommended (Class I). Options include warfarin (INR, 2.0 to 3.0) (Level of Evidence A), dabigatran (Level of Evidence B), apixaban (Level of Evidence B), and rivaroxaban (Level of Evidence B). The selection of antithrombotic agent should be individualized on the basis of patient risk factors (particularly risk for intracranial hemor- rhage), cost, tolerability, patient preference, potential for drug interactions, and other clinical characteris- tics, including the time that the INR is in therapeutic range for patients taking warfarin. 3. Active screening for AF in the primary care setting in patients >65 years of age by pulse assessment fol- lowed by ECG as indicated can be useful (Class IIa; Level of Evidence B). 4. For patients with nonvalvular AF and CHA2 - VASc score of 0, it is reasonable to omit antithrom- botic therapy (Class IIa; Level of Evidence B). 5. For patients with nonvalvular AF, a CHA2 -VASc score of 1, and an acceptably low risk for hemor- rhagic complication, no antithrombotic therapy, anticoagulant therapy, or aspirin therapy may be considered (Class IIb; Level of Evidence C). The selec- tion of antithrombotic agent should be individual- ized on the basis of patient risk factors (particularly risk for intracranial hemorrhage), cost, tolerability, patient preference, potential for drug interactions, and other clinical characteristics, including the time that the INR is in the therapeutic range for patients taking warfarin. 6. 