Matched by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, and adjusted for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, any cardiac disease, current smoking status, no physical activity, moderate alcohol drinking, level of LDL cholesterol, level of HDL cholesterol, and education. Adjusted for age, education, smoking status, cigarette-years, usual alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Adjusted for age; education; occupation; family income; menopausal status; use of oral contraceptives; hormone therapy; aspirin; amount of exercise; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; and intakes of saturated fat, vegetables, fruits, and sodium comparing the highest versus lowest quintiles. Adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol intake, age at first birth, years of education, and ever use of oral contraceptives by the time of cohort enrollment. #Adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking status. subgroup analyses revealed that men derived a significant benefit, whereas women did not. Further studies are needed to determine whether these results can be replicated, particularly because they are based on subgroup analyses. In addition, the pathophysiology underlying these potential sex differences is poorly understood and deserves additional exploration. Although lifestyle habits have an important impact on post- stroke outcomes, there are no published trials of lifestyle inter- ventions for secondary stroke prevention. The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle After Stroke (HEALS) trial, a randomized con- trolled trial of an occupational therapist led series of 6 group clinics aimed at changing lifestyle habits among stroke survi- vors, is attempting to address this knowledge gap.363 Finally, little is known regarding how and whether lifestyle interven- tions should be tailored in women. Obesity, Abdominal Adiposity, and Metabolic Syndrome: Summary and Gaps In the United States, 1 in 3 individuals is obese. The preva- lence of obesity is higher in women than men and is expected to increase over time in both sexes. 