Research also suggests that clinicians are not aware of the asso- ciation between adverse pregnancy outcomes and CVD and stroke, which suggests a need for better clinician and patient Although a limited number of studies have exam- ined cardiovascular and stroke risk factors and documented increased risk for events long-term in women with these dis- orders, there are no prospective randomized controlled trials assessing interventions to reduce stroke risk in this population with clear risk factors (preeclampsia, gestational diabetes). There is a need for high-quality studies of women with a his- tory of adverse pregnancy outcomes to define their trajectory for the development of cerebrovascular disease and then to develop screening, risk stratification, and preventive strategies. Insufficient evidence exists to inform any recommendation for screening, prevention, or treatment in women with a history of pregnancy complications or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preeclampsia and Pregnancy Outcomes: Recommendations Prevention of Preeclampsia 1. Women with chronic primary or secondary hyper- tension or previous pregnancy-related hypertension should take low-dose aspirin from the 12th week of gestation until delivery (Class I; Level of Evidence A). 2. Calcium supplementation (of 1 g/d, orally) should be considered for women with low dietary intake of calcium (<600 mg/d) to prevent preeclampsia (Class I; Level of Evidence A). Treatment of Hypertension in Pregnancy and Post Partum 1. Severe hypertension in pregnancy should be treated with safe and effective antihypertensive medications, Table 6. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Risk for Stroke Study Date and Author Total No. 