These drugs lower pro- teinuria and are usually well tolerated, but they carry the risk of hyperkalemia and have adverse fetal risks for pregnant women. (For Rationale of above practice points, please see text of Research recommendations  Develop normative reference values for ABPM in pediatric populations that include various races and ethnicities, as differences in normative values by race or ethnicity might inform appropriate targets for BP treatment in childhood CKD.  Identify the best BP measurement technique and setting to de ne hypertension and BP targets for pediatric CKD patients.  Ascertain when antihypertensive medications should be initiated.  Conduct RCTs that de ne targets for treatment when ABPM cannot be obtained repeatedly, for example, with home-based or of ce-based auscultatory or oscillometric BP, with kidney disease progression and CVD as outcomes. www.kidney-international.org chapter 5 Methods for guideline development Aim This is an update of the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) published in 2012.141 In September 2017, KDIGO held a Contro- versies Conference to determine whether there was suf cient new evidence to support updating any of the guideline recommendations. It was decided that a guideline update was required.374 The objective of this project was to update the evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the management of BP in patients with CKD. The guideline development methods are described below. Overview of the process This guideline adhered to international best practice for guideline development (Appendix B: Supplementary Tables S2 and S3).375,376 This guideline has been conducted and reported in accordance with the AGREE II reporting checklist.377 The processes under- taken for the development of the KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in CKD are described below. 