, Recommendation 4.1 y maintain a BP that is consistently r140 mm Hg systolic y). The term is used simply to imply that the BP has been measured more than once and that there was meaningful agreement between the measurements. The Work Group also discussed whether to consider pulse pressure and/or pulse wave velocity, measures of arterial compliance that may provide important prognostic informa- tion in CKD patients. However, there is a paucity of data from RCTs showing that any particular intervention reliably alters these measures and subsequently influences mortality or morbidity. Thus the Work Group was not able to make any evidence-based recommendations relating to these measurements. However, these issues are of interest for the future of BP assessment in CKD patients and are discussed in further detail in Chapter 8. Albuminuria and proteinuria Some BP-lowering agents are particular effective at reducing albuminuria or proteinuria, suggesting that BP management should differ depending on the amount of albumin or protein in the urine.16 19 Accordingly, as in the KDOQI 2004 Guidelines and the majority of other CPGs addressing BP control in patients with CKD or diabetes, the Work Group has attempted to stratify treatment effects according to urinary albumin excretion. Based on a recent KDIGO Controversies Conference and data from the CKD Prognosis Consortium, the Work Group used three categories (levels) Wherever possible, the Work Group modified its recommendations to fit these categories, although since not all RCTs use this classification system, consistency was not achievable. The three categories of urinary albumin excretion are as follows: 4300 mg per 24 h (or macroalbuminuria ), 30 to 300 mg per 24 h (or micro- albuminuria ), and o30 mg per 24 h (Table 1). 