[2008, amended 2014] 1.2 Aspirin for primary prevention of CVD 1.2.1 Do not routinely offer aspirin for primary prevention of CVD. [2023] For guidance on using aspirin to prevent venous thromboembolism in over 16s in hospital, see NICE's guideline on venous thromboembolism in over 16s: reducing the risk of hospital-acquired deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. 1.3 Lifestyle modifications for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD Cardioprotective diet 1.3.1 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to eat a diet in which total fat intake is 30% or less of total energy intake, saturated fats are 7% or less of total energy intake, intake of dietary cholesterol is less than 300 mg/ day and where possible saturated fats are replaced by mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Further information and advice can be found on the NHS Eat well webpage. [2014] 1.3.2 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to: reduce their saturated fat intake. increase their mono-unsaturated fat intake with olive oil, rapeseed oil or spreads based on these oils and to use them in food preparation. Further information and advice on healthy cooking methods can be found on the NHS Eat well webpage. [2014] 1.3.3 Advise people at high risk of or with CVD to do all of the following: choose wholegrain varieties of starchy food reduce their intake of sugar and food products containing refined sugars including fructose eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day eat at least 2 portions of fish per week, including a portion of oily fish eat at least 4 to 5 portions of unsalted nuts, seeds and legumes per week. Further information and advice can be found on the NHS Eat well webpage. 