People who continue to require intravenous diuretics or inotropes, or those with uncontrolled heart failure Domanski Bisoprolol (n = 320) Aged between 18 and 75 years heart failure due to hypertrophic or restrictive Chronic Heart Failure Beta-blockers in heart failure and concomitant atrial fibrillation NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Study Intervention and comparison Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria CIBIS I Placebo (n=321) chronic heart failure with or without sinus rhythm, and dyspnea or fatigue corresponding to NYHA class III or IV people had to be ambulatory and not awaiting cardiac transplantation mandatory background medication was diuretic and vasodilator therapy. LVEF < 40% (isotopic or angiographic performed within 4 weeks before randomization) aetiology of heart failure was defined as (1) idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy when no known cause of cardiomyopathy could be found, (2) ischaemia when typical history of coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, or presence of significant (70%) coronary artery stenoses had been hypertension when history of established hypertension or antihypertensive therapy was present, and (4)valvular heart disease; people with primary valvular disease (that had to be surgically repaired for at least 6 months) and people with nonischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy associated with a significant mitral valve insufficiency clinical stability, defined as the absence of any episode of heart failure decompensation during the 6 week period before entry into the trial and the absence of major modification of heart failure therapy in the previous 3 weeks. 