Subjects in a validation cohort were successfully divided into groups at low (ATRIA score of 0 to 3, <1%/y) and high (ATRIA score of 5 to 10, >5%/y) risk for major hemorrhage. Table 3. Stroke Risk Stratification Schemes for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Scoring system Congestive heart failure 1 point Diabetes mellitus 1 point Risk scores range: 0 6 points Levels of risk for thromboembolic stroke Low risk for stroke=0 points Moderate risk=1 point High risk 2 points Scoring system Congestive heart failure 1 point Diabetes mellitus 1 point Vascular disease (eg, peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, aortic plaque) 1 point Female sex 1 point Risk scores range: 0 9 points Levels of risk for thromboembolic stroke Low risk=0 points Moderate risk=1 point High risk 2 points ACCP treatment guidelines based on estimated risk for thromboembolic Low risk: no therapy Moderate risk: OAC High risk: OAC Abnormal renal function 1 point Abnormal liver function 1 point Prior stroke 1 point Prior major bleeding or bleeding INR in therapeutic range <60% of time 1 point Use of antiplatelet or nonsteroidal Excessive alcohol use 1 point Risk scores range: 0 9 points Score >2 associated with clinically relevant and major bleeding.382 ACCP indicates American College of Chest Physicians; INR, international normalized ratio; OAC, oral anticoagulation; and TIA, transient ischemic attack. Most of these analyses stratifying risk of future bleeding have not focused on intracranial hemorrhages, the category of major bleeding with the greatest long-term effect on quality of life. Another limitation of prediction scales for hemorrhage is that several of their components such as age and hypertension are also risks for cardioembolic stroke. 