SPRINT targeted an SBP <120 mm Hg; the mean achieved SBP was 121.4 mm Hg. Rationale This recommendation replaces the target recommendations from Chapters 3 and 4 of the KDIGO 2012 recommenda- tion on BP management in CKD.141 The most important differences are: (i) the adoption of standardized of ce measurement as the preferred technique; (ii) the adoption of a lower SBP target (<120 mm Hg); and (iii) the adoption of the same SBP target irrespective of the presence or absence of proteinuria, diabetes, or older age. The current guideline also speci es only an SBP target and not a DBP target (see below). The recommendation of standardized of ce measurement is crucial because this technique was used in large RCTs with clinically important outcomes, and values obtained using other techniques cannot be readily translated to values obtained using standardized of ce measurement. If BP is not measured using the standardized technique, the SBP target goal does not apply. The adoption of a lower SBP www.kidney-international.org chapter 3 target for patients with CKD without diabetes is based largely on the CV and survival bene ts in the CKD sub- group in SPRINT, although subgroup analysis and long- term follow-up in the MDRD and AASK studies also sug- gest kidney bene ts at BP levels that may be similar to the lower BP goal in SPRINT. The KDIGO 2012 guideline reversed previous recom- mendations from other organizations that called for more- aggressive BP-lowering therapies among CKD patients with diabetes, largely because ACCORD-BP failed to demonstrate statistically signi cant bene ts for the primary CV endpoint in the intensive BP-lowering arm. 