Atrial Fibrillation Recommendations for AF Referenced studies that support recommendations are summarized in online Data Supplement 32. COR LOE Recommendations In patients with nonvalvular AF and stroke or TIA, oral anticoagulation (eg, apixaban, dabi- gatran, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or warfarin) is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent In patients with AF and stroke or TIA, oral anticoagulation is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke regardless of whether the AF pattern is paroxysmal, persistent, or In patients with stroke or TIA and AF who do not have moderate to severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve, apixaban, dabi- gatran, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban is recom- mended in preference to warfarin to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.419 426 In patients with atrial flutter and stroke or TIA, anticoagulant therapy similar to that in AF is indicated to reduce the risk of recurrent In patients with AF and stroke or TIA, without moderate to severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve, who are unable to maintain a therapeutic INR level with warfa- rin, use of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. In patients with stroke at high risk of hemor- rhagic conversion in the setting of AF, it is reasonable to delay initiation of oral antico- agulation beyond 14 days to reduce the risk In patients with TIA in the setting of nonvalvu- lar AF, it is reasonable to initiate anticoagu- lation immediately after the index event to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. 