2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140:e596 e646. DOI: 10.1161/ WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS Donna K. Arnett, PhD, MSPH, FAHA, Co-Chair Roger S. Blumenthal, MD, FACC, FAHA, Co-Chair Michelle A. Albert, MD, MPH, FAHA* Andrew B. Buroker, Esq Zachary D. Goldberger, MD, MS, FACC, FAHA Ellen J. Hahn, PhD, RN* Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, PhD, RN, ANP, FAHA* Amit Khera, MD, MSc, FACC, FAHA* Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD, SCM, FACC, FAHA* J. William McEvoy, MBBCh, MEd, MHS* Erin D. Michos, MD, MHS, FACC, FAHA* Michael D. Miedema, MD, MPH* Daniel Mu oz, MD, MPA, FACC* Sidney C. Smith Jr, MD, MACC, FAHA* Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA* Kim A. Williams Sr, MD, MACC, FAHA* Joseph Yeboah, MD, MS, FACC, FAHA* Boback Ziaeian, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc. ACC/AHA CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines Circulation https://www.ahajournals.org/journal/circ ACC/AHA Task Force Members, see page e623 Endorsed by the American Associa- tion of Cardiovascular and Pulmo- nary Rehabilitation, the American Geriatrics Society, the American Society of Preventive Cardiology, and the Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements guidelines antihypertensive agents aspirin atherosclerosis atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease atrial fibrillation behavior modification behavior therapy blood cholesterol blood pressure body mass index cardiovascular team-based care cardiovascular cardiovascular disease cholesterol chronic kidney disease coronary artery calcium score coronary disease coronary heart disease cost diet dietary patterns dietary fats dietary sodium dyslipidemia e-cigarettes exercise healthcare disparities health services accessibility heart failure hypertension LDL cholesterol diabetes mellitus lifestyle lipids measurement myocardial infarction nicotine nonpharmacological treatment nutrition physical activity prejudice primary prevention psychosocial deprivation public health quality indicators quality measurement risk assessment risk-enhancing factors risk factors risk reduction risk reduction discussion risk treatment discussion secondhand smoke sleep smoking smoking cessation social determinants of health socioeconomic factors statin therapy systems of care tobacco tobacco smoke pollution treatment adherence treatment outcomes type 2 diabetes mellitus waist circumference weight loss CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENTS Top 10 Take-Home Messages for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease e597 Preamble e597 1. 