A small study of 60 peritoneal dialysis patients showed better preservation of residual kidney function among patients randomized to ramipril as com- pared to no treatment.432 Thus, the current evidence does not support the discontinuing ACE-Is and ARBs in patients with advanced CKD in an effort to preserve residual kidney function, although hyperkalemia or hypotension may be a specific reason for discontinuation in some patients. 8.6: ETHNICITY, RACE, AND GENES In this Guideline, the individualization of BP control is emphasized, yet specific advice to tailor therapy according to ethnicity, race, or genetic influences is not available. In lieu of such advice, we have drawn on RCTs specific to various racial and ethnic populations: African-American, Chinese, Japa- nese, Pakistani, and European whites (sometimes from a single country). We have generalized the observations derived from these ethnicity- or race-specific RCTs to management advice applicable to all ethnic and racial groups. However, there is good reason but not good evidence to believe that ethnicity, race, and genotype influence elevated BP and CKD, with familial aggregation and ethnic racial disparities in both conditions. Currently, it is difficult to disentangle ethnic - racial disparities from social, economic, and environmental disparities. The evidence for ethnic or racial influence on CKD is mainly epidemiological. 