Given the generally accepted recurrence rate of nonfatal PE is 12% to 15% in nontreated patients (not specific to ICH), observation alone is not rec- ommended. Only very limited information is available to guide decision making on IVC filter placement versus anti- coagulation, as well as the optimal anticoagulation regi- Considerations include the posthemorrhage date on which DVT/PE is diagnosed, documentation of stable hema- toma size on neuroimaging, lobar versus deep hematoma location, and the practical ability to remove an IVC filter at a later date. General guidelines for the use of IVC filters in the setting of acute DVT suggest a conventional course of anti- coagulant therapy if the risk of bleeding resolves; however, these are not ICH specific.120 Hemostasis and Coagulopathy, Antiplatelet Agents, and DVT Prophylaxis: Recommendations 1. Patients with a severe coagulation factor deficiency or severe thrombocytopenia should receive appropriate factor replacement therapy or platelets, respectively (Class I; Level of Evidence C). (Unchanged from the previous guideline) Patients with ICH whose INR is elevated because of VKA should have their VKA withheld, receive therapy to replace vitamin K dependent factors and correct the INR, and receive intravenous vitamin K (Class I; Level of Evidence C). PCCs may have fewer complications and correct the INR more rapidly than FFP and might be considered over FFP (Class IIb; Level of Evidence B). rFVIIa does not replace all clotting factors, and although the INR may be lowered, clotting may not be restored in vivo; therefore, rFVIIa is not recommended for VKA reversal in ICH (Class III; Level of Evidence C). (Revised from the previous guideline) For patients with ICH who are taking dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban, treatment with FEIBA, other PCCs, or rFVIIa might be considered on an individual basis. 