According to the guideline, nonstatin therapies do not provide acceptable CVD risk reduction benefits compared with their potential for adverse effects in the routine prevention of CVD. 1.1.5. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting plasma glucose 126 mg/dL, a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test value 200 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1C 6.5%, or random plasma glucose 200 mg/dL in a patient with classic symptoms of hypergly- Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a strong and independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. So strong is this associa- tion that a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus could be considered a coronary heart disease risk equivalent,24 although this is con- Hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mel- litus are also at increased risk for diabetes mellitus specific complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy. The pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus is beyond the scope of this review. Diabetes mellitus care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic con- trol, be addressed. There is general consensus that smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Many studies have shown a correlation between smoking and death. Life expectancy is reduced by 13.2 years in male smokers compared with nonsmokers, and this trend is stronger in female smokers, with a 14.5-year decrease in life expectancy.32 Cigarette smoking independently predicts increased risk of cardiac arrest in patients with CAD,33 and even exposure to secondhand smoke increases the risk of develop- ing CAD by 25% to 30%.34 As with other risk factors, there is a synergistic increase in cardiovascular risk in smokers who have other, concurrent, cardiovascular risk factors. 