A BP-lowering effect of increased physical activity has been repeatedly demonstrated in clinical trials, espe- cially during dynamic aerobic exercise,S6.2-18,S6.2-20,S6.2-22 but also during dynamic resistance trainingS6.2-18,S6.2-21 and static isometric exercise.S6.2-18,S6.2-19,S6.2-31 The average reductions in SBP with aerobic exercise are approxi- mately 2 to 4 mm Hg and 5 to 8 mm Hg in adult patients with normotension and hypertension, respectively.S6.2-18 Most trials have been of relatively short duration, but increased physical activity has been an intrinsic compo- nent of longer-term weight reduction interventions used to reduce BP and prevent hypertension.S6.2-3,S6.2-4,S6.2-12 BP-lowering effects have been reported with lower- and higher-intensity exercise and with continuous and in- terval exercise training.S6.2-18,S6.2-103 Meta-analyses sug- gest isometric exercise results in substantial lowering of 6. In observational studies, there is a strong, predictable di- rect relationship between alcohol consumption and BP, especially above an intake of 3 standard drinks per day (approximately 36 ounces of regular beer, 15 ounces of wine, or 4.5 ounces of distilled spirits).S6.2-29,S6.2-104,S6.2-105 Meta-analyses of RCTs that have studied the effect of reduced alcohol consumption on BP in adults have iden- tified a significant reduction in SBP and DBP.S6.2-23,S6.2-24 The benefit has seemed to be consistent across trials, but confined to those consuming 3 drinks/day, as well as dose dependent, with those consuming 6 drinks/day at baseline who reduce their alcohol intake by about 50%, experiencing an average reduction in SBP/DBP of ap- Only limited in- formation is available on the effect of alcohol reduction on BP in blacks.S6.2-23,S6.2-106 In contrast to its effect on BP, alcohol seems to have a beneficial effect on several bio- markers for CVD risk, including high-density lipoprotein Observational studies have shown a relatively consistent finding of an inverse relationship between alcohol intake and CHD,S6.2-109,S6.2-110 within a moderate range (approximately 12 14 and 9 standard drinks/week for men and women, respectively). 