The evidence review included an assessment of subgroups based on the amount of albuminuria (A1 [ACR <30 mg/g or 3 mg/mmol], mg/mmol], respectively). The outcomes evaluated, where available, include all-cause mortality; CV outcomes, such as MI, stroke, and HF; and kidney outcomes, such as kidney failure (ESKD) and doubling of serum creatinine, as well as adverse effects including AKI and hyperkalemia. There are no well-powered trials examining CV outcomes or survival comparing various antihypertensive classes with each other or with placebo in people with high BP and CKD, although there was a CKD subgroup analysis in the ALLHAT A few such trials examined kidney outcomes. For example, AASK and IDNT, which enrolled only patients with high BP, were powered for kidney outcomes and compared the antihypertensive drug classes ACEi/ARB, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) while treating to target BP. ACEi/ARB demonstrated a slower decline in kidney function in AASK for those with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and in IDNT for those with diabetes and kidney disease with severely increased albuminuria.98,162 A fair number of trials examined RASi as agents used to reduce kidney disease progression in people with and without high BP, and/or with and without diabetes. Similarly, at least 3 large trials (HOPE,163 ) examined ACEi as CV protective agents in people with and without high BP and included a minority with CKD. Lowering of BP was explicitly not the aim of those trials. 