, not pertinent to the topic, not published in English, published prior to study inclusion publication date, or not a full-length article). Overall, 12,005 abstracts were reviewed with 11,142 of those being excluded for the following reasons: not a systematic review or an accepted study design (see the General Criteria for Inclusion in Systematic Review and Key Question Specific Criteria), did not address a KQ of interest to this review, did not report on an outcome of interest, or published outside cut-off publication dates. A total of 863 full-length articles were reviewed. Of those, 439 were excluded at a first pass review for the following: not addressing a KQ of interest, not enrolling the population of interest, not meeting inclusion criteria for study design, not meeting inclusion criteria for any KQ, or being a duplicate. A total of 424 full-length articles were thought to address one or more KQs and were further reviewed. Of these, 283 were ultimately excluded. Reasons for their exclusion are presented below in Figure A-1. Overall, 141 studies addressed one or more of the KQs and were considered as evidence in this review. Table A-2 indicates the number of studies that addressed each of the questions. Figure A-1. Study Flow Diagram Abbreviations: CS: clinical study; KQ: key question; SR: systematic review Alternative Text Description of Study Flow Diagram Figure A-1. Study Flow Diagram is a flow chart with nine labeled boxes linked by arrows that describe the literature review inclusion/exclusion process. Arrows point down to boxes that describe the next literature review step and arrows point right to boxes that describe the excluded citations at each step (including the reasons for exclusion and the numbers of excluded citations). 1. Box 1: 16,836 citations identified by searches a. 