In a cohort of 284 consecutive patients with warfarin-related ICH in the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network, mortality rates were lower in those who restarted warfarin in the hospital: 31.9% versus 54.4% at 30 the rates of bleeding events were not increased.293 In a ret- rospective cohort study of 2869 ICH patients, of whom 234 had warfarin-associated ICH, the HR for recurrent ICH with resumption of warfarin was 5.6 (95% CI, 1.8 17.2) during a In another study of 48 patients with warfarin-associated ICH, of 23 patients who began taking warfarin again, 1 had a recurrent ICH and 2 subsequently had traumatic intracranial hemorrhage, whereas none who did not restart warfarin had recurrent intracranial bleeding. However, 5 patients in the nonrestarted group devel- oped thromboembolism (2 with stroke) compared with none in the group who restarted warfarin.295 Using a Markov deci- sion model and estimates for 1-year risk of ICH recurrence of 15% after lobar ICH versus 2.1% for deep ICH, Eckman found that withholding anticoagulation improved quality-adjusted life-year expectancy by 1.9 quality-adjusted life-years after lobar ICH and 0.3 quality-adjusted life-years after deep ICH, which led to the conclusion that anticoagula- tion should be avoided after lobar ICH but can be considered in patients with deep hemorrhage if the risk of thromboem- bolism is particularly high. CAA is an important cause of warfarin-associated lobar ICH in the elderly. The presence of microbleeds might increase the risk of ICH recurrence in warfarin users, although there are no prospective data. 