How to Improve Adherence 794 5.5.1. Medication Nonadherence 794 5.5.2. General Approaches to Improving Adherence 794 5.5.3. System and Policy to Promote Adherence 796 5.6. What Is Needed in Speci c Patient Cohorts: African Americans, Older Adults, and the Frail . 796 5.7. How to Manage Your Patients Cost and Access to HF Medications 797 5.8. How to Manage the Increasing Complexity of HF Management 798 5.9. How to Manage Common Comorbidities 800 5.10. How to Integrate Palliative Care and Transition to Hospice Care 800 6. DISCUSSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF PATHWAY 802 ACC PRESIDENT AND STAFF 802 Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (RELEVANT) 807 Peer Reviewer Information 809 Abbreviations 810 PREFACE The American College of Cardiology (ACC) has a long history of developing documents (e.g., decision path- ways, health policy statements, appropriate use criteria) J Maddox et al. to provide members with guidance on both clinical and nonclinical topics relevant to cardiovascular (CV) care. In most circumstances, these documents have been created to complement clinical practice guidelines and to inform clinicians about areas where evidence may be new and evolving or where suf cient data may be more limited. Despite this, numerous care gaps continue to exist, highlighting the need for more streamlined and ef cient processes to implement best practices in service to improved patient care. Central to the ACC s strategic plan is the generation of actionable knowledge a concept that places emphasis on making clinical information easier to consume, share, integrate, and update. To this end, the ACC has evolved from developing isolated documents to developing inte- grated solution sets. Solution sets are groups of closely related activities, policy, mobile applications, decision support, and other tools necessary to transform care and/ or improve heart health. 