PST possibly reduces the risk for recurrent PE 10 fewer to 1 more per 1000]; low certainty) and DVT (RR, 0.73 more per 1000]; low certainty), but the estimate is imprecise and the CI includes no effect. At 2 years (the minimum duration of follow-up), patient satisfaction with anticoagulation, as measured by the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (in which scores range from 25 to 225, with lower scores indicating better satisfaction), was greater in 27 NOVEMBER 2018 x VOLUME 2, NUMBER 22 ASH 2018 VTE GUIDELINES: ANTICOAGULATION MANAGEMENT 3265 the PST group than in the control group (difference, 22.4 points [95% CI, 23.9 to 21.0]; low certainty), and a cumulative gain in health utilities according to the Health Utilities Index Mark 319 was noted in the self-testing group compared with the control group (difference, 0.155 points [95% CI, 0.111-0.198]; low certainty). In studies assessing INR control, TTR was modestly higher in the PST group (mean difference [MD], 5.37% [95% CI, 3.17%-7.56% higher]; low certainty). Harms and burden. The risk of major bleeding was possibly lower for patients when PST was used than when other INR monitoring methods were used, but the estimate is imprecise and the CI includes no effect (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.46-1.15]; ARR, 5 fewer per 1000 [95% CI, 9 fewer to 3 more per 1000] for a population at average bleeding risk. Other EtD criteria and considerations. The guideline panel considered that moderate costs were associated with PST resource requirements, owing mainly to the costs of the point-of- care monitors and testing supplies and more frequent INR testing generally used with PST. 