2020:6:CD013165.381 SoF table None Guideline Chapter 5 Blood pressure management in children with CKD Clinical question In children with CKD, does a lower BP target compared to a higher BP target improve ef cacy outcomes and reduce adverse effects? Population Children with CKD Intervention Lower BP target Comparator Standard BP target Outcomes Critical and important outcomes listed in Table 1 Study design RCTs Cochrane review None relevant SoF table Supplementary Table S40 Clinical question In children with CKD, what antihypertensive agents compared to standard of care improve ef cacy outcomes and reduce adverse effects? Population Children with CKD (CKD G1 G5 without kidney transplant and kidney transplant recipients) and diabetes (T1D and T2D) Intervention RAS inhibition (ACEi, ARB, aldosterone antagonists), and non-RAS inhibition (alpha-blockers, beta-blockers, CCBs, diuretics, DRI) Comparator Placebo or standard of care Outcomes Critical and important outcomes listed in Table 1 Additional outcomes: BP, serum creatinine Study design RCTs Cochrane review Bagga A, et al. Antihypertensive agents for children with chronic kidney disease (Protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic SoF table Supplementary Table S107 ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DRI, direct renin inhibitor; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RAS(i), renin-angiotensin system (inhibitor); RCT, randomized controlled trial; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SoF, summary of ndings; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes. Table 2| (Continued) Clinical questions and systematic review topics in the PICOM format www.kidney-international.org methods for guideline development studies; indirectness of the results, including uncertainty about the population, intervention, and outcomes measured in trials and their applicability to the clinical question of interest; imprecision in the evidence review results; and concerns about publication bias. 