3 to 5 min 30 to 60 min Reduce dosing when combined with benzodiazepines. Reversible with naloxone. Etomidate Sedation, anxiolysis. No analgesia. Sedation: 0.1 mg/kg IV; repeat if inadequate response. 1 min 5 to 15 min Respiratory depression may occur; institutional guidelines vary about administration to nonintubated patients by nonanesthesiologists. May cause myoclonus, nausea, and vomiting. Adrenocortical suppression occurs but is rarely of clinical significance. Not reversible. Propofol Sedation, anxiolysis. No analgesia. Load 1 mg/kg IV; may administer additional 0.5 mg/kg doses as needed to enhance or prolong sedation. 1 min 5 to 15 min Frequent hypotension and respiratory depression; institutional guidelines vary concerning administration to nonintubated patients by nonanesthesiologists. Avoid with egg or soy allergies. Not reversible. Reversal Agents Naloxone Opioid reversal 0.4 to 2 mg IV 2 min 20 to 40 min If shorter acting than reversed drug, serial doses may be required. Flumazenil Benzodiazepine reversal 0.2 mg IV. May repeat every 1 min up to 1 mg. 1 to 2 min 30 to 60 min If shorter acting than reversed drug, serial doses may be required. Do not use in patients receiving long-term benzodiazepines, cyclosporine, isoniazid, lithium, propoxyphene, theophylline, or tricyclic antidepressants. IV indicates intravenous. Levine et al 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI PCI Guideline e651