The quality of evi- dence is low or very low. Nonetheless, short-term studies suggest that physical activity interventions lower BP, decrease weight, and improve the mental aspects of quality of life. These data are consistent with a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that physical activity improves BP, dysglycemia, cardiopulmonary tness, physical function, and mood in the general population. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and risk of CV disease are extremely high in CKD populations, suggesting that the absolute bene t of physical activity in- terventions may be enhanced in CKD if the relative bene ts are equivalent to those observed in the general population. Exer- cise programs have also been shown to improve health out- comes in other chronic disease conditions, including CV disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These factors led the Work Group to believe that physical activity is likely to be bene cial in CKD populations as well, despite the low-quality direct evidence currently available. There are limited data on the optimal type or intensity of physical activity in CKD populations. The Work Group reviewed physical activity targets set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO)71 and the recently released AHA/ACC lifestyle guidelines for primary prevention of CV These targets were not developed to speci cally address physical activity in populations with chronic diseases; however, the Work Group believes there is no evidence or plausibility to suggest that these recommendations are not applicable to CKD patients. The Work Group also consulted with the KDIGO 2020 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in CKD. In an effort to align guidelines, the target set forth by the AHA/ACC guidelines of moderate- intensity physical activity for a cumulative duration of at least 150 minutes per week was adopted. 