The first day s measurements are discarded and the average of the remaining measurements are used to confirm a diagnosis of hypertension. Stage 1 hypertension is diagnosed if average BP from ABPM or home monitoring is Z135/85 mm Hg. When using ABPM or home BP monitoring to assess response to treatment, the target average BP during waking hours should be o135/85 mm Hg for people aged under 80 years and o145/85 mm Hg for people aged Z80 years. ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure. pulse wave velocity have been widely performed in the general, hypertensive, and diabetic populations as well as to a limited extent, in hemodialysis patients, in whom the correlation of pulse wave velocity with mortality has been Pulse wave velocity may be increased in early CKD34,404,405 but it is unclear what this means in terms of CVD risk and kidney-disease prognosis. It is also unclear whether treatment of BP will alter pulse wave velocity in the longer term for CKD 1-5 patients and if so, whether this might influence the prognosis. While sophisticated studies such as pulse wave velocity are unlikely to become widespread in the global CKD community, especially in less economically advanced com- munities, further research is likely to lead to better use of this tool for assessment of BP related changes in the cardiovas- cular system in CKD patients and possibly to treatment changes based on pulse wave velocity indices. 8.2: IS THERE AN EVIDENCE-BASED LOWER LIMIT FOR BP REDUCTION? The Work Group discussed whether it would be preferable to recommend a target range (lowest to highest) for BP rather than just a single target for highest acceptable BP. 