As a general rule, the longer the therapy and the higher dose of amiodarone, the great- er the likelihood of adverse effects that will require Verapamil (IV) IV: 2.5 5 mg q 15 30 min Sustained release PO: VT (specifically RVOT, verapamil- sensitive idiopathic LVT) ICa-L Sinus rate slowed PR prolonged AV nodal conduction slowed : 3 7 h Metab: H Excr: U Cardiac: Hypotension, edema, HF, AVB, bradycardia, exacerbation of HFrEF Other: Headache, rash, gingival hyperplasia, constipation, dyspepsia *Although up to 800 mg every 8 h might be used, higher doses of amiodarone are associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Modified from Shleifer JW, Alpha indicates alpha-adrenergic receptor; ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy; AV, atrioventricular; AVB, atrioventricular block; Beta, beta- adrenergic receptor; HF, heart failure; CPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; DFT, defibrillation threshold; F, feces; H, hepatic; ICa , L-type calcium channel current; IK1 , inward rectifier potassium channel; IKACh , muscarinic receptor-gated potassium channel; IKATP , adenosine-activated potassium channel; IKr , rapid delayed rectifier potassium current; IKs , slow delayed rectifier potassium current; IKur , ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current; INa , fast inward sodium current; Ito , transient outward potassium current; LQTS, long QT syndrome; LVT, left ventricular tachycardia; M, muscarinic; Metab, metabolism; NAPA, n-acetyl procainamide; PVC, premature ventricular complex; QTc, corrected QT interval; t1/2 , half-life; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; T3, triiodothyronine; TdP, torsades de pointes; U, urine; VT, ventricular tachycardia; and VF, ventricular fibrillation. Table 7. Continued Antiarrhythmic Medication (Class) and Dose Uses in VA/SCA Target Electrophysiological Effects Pharmacological Characteristics Common Adverse Effects CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES discontinuance of the medication.S5.1.5.2-26 For this rea- son, chronic treatment of young patients with amioda- rone should be reserved as a bridge to more definitive treatment options such as catheter ablation. 