When compared with warfarin, rivaroxaban was associated with similar risk of any bleeding, mortality, and acute MI but a higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and lower risk of ICH. Another large analysis of 3 Danish nationwide databases of 61,678 patients found that NOACs were at least as safe and effective as warfarin, with small but signi cant differences in risk of stroke, death, and bleeding across rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran.129 However, a new-user Food and Drug Administration Medicare analysis of 118,891 patients found that rivaroxaban compared with dabigatran had a statistical trend toward a decreased risk of stroke (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65-1.01) and signi cantly increased risk of intracranial (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.32-1.67) and major non-intracranial (HR, Absolute risk differences were small (2.0-2.1 per 1,000 person-years) and well within a range vulnerable to confounding. 