No high-quality RCTs were identified relating to the treatment of hypertension in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. One analysis evaluated data from 3 prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-comparison studies in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and concluded that clevidipine is a safe and effective treatment for acute hypertension in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.S11.5-19 Another systematic review and meta-analysis, including 4 studies, concluded that clevidipine is more effective than other antihypertensive drugs in the management of periop- erative hypertension without adverse events.S11.5-20 Several general strategies and principles based on experience and observation are recommended for this section. In the man- agement of patients with perioperative hypertension, it is important to assess other potential contributing factors, such as volume status, pain control, oxygenation, and bladder distention, when the use of pharmacological therapy to con- trol BP is under consideration. Uncontrolled hypertension is associated with increased perioperative and postopera- tive complications. Certain medications (eg, beta blockers, clonidine) may be associated with rebound hypertension if Therefore, several general strat- egies and principles based on experience and observation are recommended for this section. These recommendations for beta blockers, ACE inhibi- tors, and ARBs are generally consistent with the 2014 ACC/AHA Guideline on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Management of Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery and are provided to assist in the man- agement of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgical Recommendation-Specific Supportive Text 1. If well tolerated, beta blockers should be continued in patients who are currently receiving them for longitu- dinal reasons, particularly when longitudinal treatment is provided according to GDMT, such as for MI.S11.5-22 Multiple observational studies support the benefits of continuing beta blockers in patients who are undergo- ing surgery and who are on these agents for longitudinal 2. 