For patients with atrial utter undergoing elective or urgent pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion, we suggest that the same approach to thromboprophylaxis be used as for patients with atrial brillation undergoing cardioversion (Ungraded consensus-based statement). Patients With AF With Coronary Artery Disease ACS and/or PCI: AF commonly coexists with vascular disease, whether coronary, carotid, or PAD.92,276 Some AF patients with coronary disease may present with an ACS. Whether stable or acute, such patients may undergo percutaneous intervention with stent deployment. This section deals with the antithrombotic therapy management of this group of patients (Fig 6). There are 4 considerations when managing these patients, as follows92,277 : TABLE 8 ] Thromboembolic Complications in Patients With No Anticoagulation After Cardioversion of Acute (< 48 h) AF in Previous Studies Study No. Mean Age, y Male Success Rate TE Weigner et al268 Michael et al269 Burton et al270 Gallagher et al234 Stiell et al271 Xavier Scheuermeyer et al272 NA not available. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations. (From Airaksinen et al.267 ) a All 3 thromboembolic events after spontaneous cardioversion and in elderly (>75 years) women. b Follow-up of 7 days. c Plus 1 probable thromboembolic event.  Stroke prevention, necessitating OAC, whether with VKA or NOAC.  Prevention of stent thrombosis, necessitating APT. There is evidence for using dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for up to 12 months in non-AF patients.  Prevention of recurrent cardiac ischemia in an ACS patient, necessitating APT. 