2016;594:2459 68. S3.4-5. Antzelevitch C, Nesterenko V, Shryock JC, et al. The role of late I Na in development of cardiac arrhythmias. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2014;221:137 68. S3.4-6. Lerman BB. Mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of outflow tract tachycardia. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12:597 608. S3.4-7. Priori SG, Chen SR. Inherited dysfunction of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling and arrhythmogenesis. Circ Res. 2011;108:871 83. S3.4-8. Nogami A. Purkinje-related arrhythmias part I: monomorphic ven- tricular tachycardias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34:624 50. S3.4-9. Haissaguerre M, Vigmond E, Stuyvers B, et al. Ventricular arrhyth- mias and the His-Purkinje system. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13:155 66. S3.4-10. Tabereaux PB, Dosdall DJ, Ideker RE. Mechanisms of VF mainte- nance: wandering wavelets, mother rotors, or foci. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:405 15. S3.4-11. Zhang J, Cooper DH, Desouza KA, et al. Electrophysiologic scar sub- strate in relation to VT: noninvasive high-resolution mapping and risk assessment with ECGI. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2016;39:781 91. S3.4-12. Fernandez-Armenta J, Penela D, Acosta J, et al. Substrate modi- fication or ventricular tachycardia induction, mapping, and ablation as the first step? A randomized study. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13:1589 95. 4. GENERAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH DOCUMENTED OR SUSPECTED VA 4.1. History and Physical Examination S4.1-1. Middlekauff HR, Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, et al. Syncope in advanced heart failure: high risk of sudden death regardless of ori- gin of syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:110 6. S4.1-2. Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death - Chapter 39. Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, et al, editors. Braunwald s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2015:821 60. S4.1-3. Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, et al. 