Patients with AF and rheumatic heart disease (ie, mitral stenosis) VKA No VKA - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies (Continued) chestjournal.org TABLE 1 ] (Continued) Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology 2.3 Patients with prosthetic valves What are the bene ts and risks of different stroke prevention strategies? Patients with AF and prosthetic valves VKA No VKA - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies therapy for AF (or atrial utter) patients undergoing cardioversion 3.1 Urgent cardioversion What are the bene ts and risks of antithrombotic therapy for AF patients undergoing urgent cardioversion? Patients with AF undergoing urgent cardioversion Anticoagulation No anticoagulation - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies cardioversion What are the bene ts and risks of antithrombotic therapy for AF patients undergoing elective cardioversion? Patients with AF undergoing elective cardioversion Anticoagulation No anticoagulation - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage SR RCTs Cohort studies (Continued) Evidence-Based Medicine [ # C H E S T N O V E M B E R ] TABLE 1 ] (Continued) Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology - MI - Vascular death cardioversion What are the bene ts and risks of antithrombotic therapy when using TEE-guided cardioversion? 