To identify the longer-term cardiovascular conse- quences of newer tobacco products, for example, electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cig- arettes/vaping), which are not currently known. To consider the dual use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (electronic cigarettes/vaping) with combustible cigarettes in studies relating to the longer-term cardiovascular consequences, includ- ing stroke and recurrent stroke. To examine the association between ischemic stroke and recurrent stroke and therapeutic canna- bis use (currently unknown) and recreational can- nabis use (currently limited to young adults only and using surveillance data). Recommendations for Hypertension Referenced studies that support recommendations are summarized in online Data Supplements 11 and 12. COR LOE Recommendations In patients with hypertension who experience a stroke or TIA, treatment with a thiazide diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, or angiotensin II receptor blockers is useful for lowering BP and reducing recurrent In patients with hypertension who experience a stroke or TIA, an office BP goal of <130/80 mmHg is recommended for most patients to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke and vascu- In patients with hypertension who experience a stroke or TIA, individualized drug regimens that take into account patient comorbidities, agent pharmacological class, and patient preference are recommended to maximize In patients with no history of hypertension who experience a stroke or TIA and have an aver- age office BP of 130/80 mmHg, antihyper- tensive medication treatment can be beneficial to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke, ICH, and other vascular events.190,191,193,197 Synopsis The PAR of stroke resulting from hypertension may be as high as 50% in some racial and ethnic groups.198,199 In 2017, the AHA/ACC hypertension guideline defined hypertension as BP consistently >130/80 mmHg.29 Yet, for patients with prior stroke or TIA, there is con- cern that a possible lower BP threshold may increase the risk of stroke, or a J-curve effect. 