Treatment based on ABPM or HBPM includes not treating patients with white-coat hypertension, not intensifying treatment for the white-coat effect, treatment of masked hypertension, and intensifying treatment for masked un- controlled hypertension. www.kidney-international.org chapter 1 Chapter 2: Lifestyle interventions for lowering blood pressure in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis 2.1 Sodium intake Recommendation 2.1.1: We suggest targeting a sodium intake <2 g of sodium per day (or <90 mmol of sodium per day, or <5 g of sodium chloride per day) in patients with high BP and CKD (2C). This recommendation places a relatively high value on data from both the CKD population and the general population demon- strating that reductions in dietary sodium intake induce short- term reductions in BP and other evidence suggesting that these bene ts will reduce the need for antihypertensive medications. The Work Group placed lower value on the limited available data evaluating the effects of dietary sodium intake on clinical outcomes, including kidney failure, mortality, and CV disease endpoints in CKD patients. The recommendation is weak ac- cording to GRADE because of the low-quality evidence sup- porting the bene ts of low-sodium intake speci cally in the hypertensive CKD population; yet, many well-informed patients would agree to follow the guidance. This represents a change from the recommendation (1C) in the 2012 guideline based on the opinion of the current Work Group members, but it is consistent with the KDIGO 2020 Guideline for the Management of Patients with Diabetes and CKD. Key information Balance of bene ts and harms. In most populations worldwide, estimated average sodium intake is much higher than the proposed target of sodium intake <2 g (<90 mmol) per day for the general population. 