2018;41:1578 82. 19. Abrich VA, Narichania AD, Love WT, et al. Left atrial appendage exclusion during mitral valve surgery and stroke in atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2018;53:285 92. 20. Garc a-Fern ndez MA, P rez-David E, Quiles J, et al. Role of left atrial appendage obliteration in stroke reduction in patients with mitral valve prosthesis: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1253 8. 21. Noseworthy PA, Yao X, Deshmukh AJ, et al. Patterns of anticoagulation use and cardioembolic risk after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4:e002597. 22. Eitel C, Koch J, Sommer P, et al. Novel oral anticoagulants in a real-world cohort of patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Euro- pace. 2013;15:1587 93. 23. Melduni RM, Schaff HV, Lee H-C, et al. Impact of left atrial appendage clo- sure during cardiac surgery on the occurrence of early postoperative atrial fibrillation, stroke, and mortality: a propensity score-matched analysis of 10633 patients. Circulation. 2017;135:366 78. CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES 15. NONCARDIAC SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH VHD 15.1. Diagnosis of Patients With VHD Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery 1. Liu JB, Liu Y, Cohen ME, et al. Defining the intrinsic cardiac risks of opera- tions to improve preoperative cardiac risk assessments. Anesthesiology. 2018;128:283 92. 2. Wijeysundera DN, Pearse RM, Shulman MA, et al. Assessment of function- al capacity before major non-cardiac surgery: an international, prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2018;391:2631 40. 3. Dakik HA, Chehab O, Eldirani M, et al. A new index for pre-operative cardiovascular evaluation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:3067 78. 4. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;129:e521 643. 5. 