Patients with AF on OAC therapy Bridging therapy with LMWH or IV heparin No bridging therapy - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death Cohort studies 5.6 Patients with AF presenting with an acute stroke AF patients with an ICH What is the optimal timing for initiation of anticoagulation? Patients with acute stroke Anticoagulation immediately Anticoagulation delayed - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies 5.7a Patients with AF who are pregnant What are the bene ts and risks of VKA therapy in pregnancy? Patients with AF who are pregnant VKA No VKA - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies (Continued) Evidence-Based Medicine [ # C H E S T N O V E M B E R ] TABLE 1 ] (Continued) Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology 5.7b Patients with chronic atrial utter What are the bene ts and risks of different stroke prevention strategies? Patients with atrial utter As in 2.1 As in 2.1 - Death - All stroke - Ischemic stroke - Systemic embolism - Intracranial hem- orrhage (subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral) - Major extracranial hemorrhage - MI - Vascular death SR RCTs Cohort studies 6.1 Risk factors for bleeding on OAC therapy What are the risk factors for bleeding while on VKA therapy? 