Moderate primary elevations of triglycerides, non HDL-C (total cho- lesterol HDL-C), and, if measured, apolipopro- tein B can improve selection of those at increased 7. In adults at intermediate risk, coronary artery calcium measurement can be effective for mean- ingfully reclassifying risk in a large proportion of In such intermediate-risk adults, those with coronary artery calcium 100 AU or coronary artery calcium 75th percentile have ASCVD event rates for which initiation of statin therapy is reasonable.S4.3-41 Those with coronary artery calcium scores of zero appear to have 10-year event rates in a lower range for which statin therapy may be of limited value. For those with coronary artery calcium scores of 1 to 99 AU, 10-year ASCVD event rates are indicating that risk reclassification is modest for individuals with coronary artery calcium scores of 1 to 99. Therefore, for patients with coronary artery calcium scores of 1 to 99, it is reasonable to repeat the risk discussion. If these patients remain untreated, repeat coronary artery calcium measurement in 5 years may have some value, but data are limited.S4.3-56,S4.3-57 Selected examples of candidates who might benefit from knowing that their coronary artery calcium scores are zero are listed in Table 6. Clinicians should not down- classify risk in patients who have coronary artery calcium scores of zero but who are persistent cigarette smokers, have diabetes, have a fam- ily history of ASCVD, or, possibly, have chronic inflammatory conditions. In the presence of these conditions, a coronary artery calcium of zero does not rule out risk from noncalcified plaque or increased risk of thrombosis.S4.3-58 8. 