Overweight and obesity have now been defined on the basis of body mass index (Continued) Obesity and body fat distribution cont'd Among overweight (body mass index=25 to 29 kg/m2 ) and obese (body mass index >30 kg/m2 ) individuals, weight reduction is recommended for reducing the risk of stroke (Class I; Level of Evidence B). Overweight and obesity have now been defined on the basis of body mass index, and the recommendation has been upgraded from IIa to I Diabetes mellitus Control of blood pressure in accordance with an AHA/ACC/CDC advisory to a target of <140/90 mmHg is recommended in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (Class I; Level of Evidence A). Reworded to reference AHA/ACC/ CDC advisory The usefulness of aspirin for primary stroke prevention for patients with diabetes mellitus but low 10-y risk of cardiovascular disease is unclear (Class IIb; Level of Evidence B). Deleted the phrase however, administering aspirin may be reasonable Cigarette smoking Counseling in combination with drug therapy using nicotine replacement, bupropion, or varenicline is recommended for active smokers to assist in quitting smoking (Class I; Level of Evidence A). Reworded and LOE changed from B to A Community-wide or statewide bans on smoking in public spaces are reasonable for reducing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (Class IIa; Level of Evidence B). New recommendation Atrial fibrillation For patients with valvular atrial fibrillation at high risk for stroke, defined as a CHA2 - VASc score of 2, and acceptably low risk for hemorrhagic complications, chronic oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin at a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 is recommended (Class I; Level of Evidence A). 