Recently, the AHA, ACC, and Obesity Society have published guidelines29 for the manage- ment of overweight and obesity in adults, including identi- fying patients who need to lose weight, matching treatment benefits with risk profiles, diets for weight loss, lifestyle inter- vention and counseling, and the selection of patients for bar- iatric surgery. There is also much useful information, particularly on diet and physical activity, in another AHA/ACC guidelines docu- ment on lifestyle management.28 1.1.8. Peripheral Artery Disease Treatment of hypertension in patients with PAD is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of MI, stroke, HF, and death. Similarly, intensive management of LDL is associated with significant reduction of cardiovascular events in patients Thus, management of hypertension in patients with PAD should be based on intensive screening for and aggressive management of other concomitant cardiovascular risk factors in addition to BP reduction.3 Particularly impor- tant in this regard is the management of dyslipidemia, smoking cessation, antiplatelet therapy, diabetes mellitus management, diet, and exercise. Currently, there is no recommended drug of choice for the treatment of hypertension in patients with PAD because clinical trials of antihypertensive drug agents such as ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), -adrenergic blockers, and direct vasodilators have been largely unsuccess- ful in improving symptoms of claudication or walking dis- tance in patients with PAD.51 53 Although -blockers constrict resistance vessels, a meta-analysis concluded that this drug class does not worsen intermittent claudication in patients with intermittent claudication.54 Thus, -blockers can be used in PAD patients with compelling indications for their use such as CAD or HF. 