We, therefore, assumed that VKA therapy was the anticoagulant when we were making our AT9 recommendations, including for the comparison of extended therapy with stopping treatment at 3 months. Comparison of Different Time-Limited Durations of Anticoagulation Since AT9: Two additional studies have compared two time-limited durations of In patients with a rst unprovoked PE who had completed 6 months of VKA therapy (target INR 2.5), the Extended Duration of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy After a First Episode of Idiopathic Pulmonary Embolism: a Randomized Controlled Trial (PADIS) study randomized patients to TABLE 9 ] Summary of Findings: Rivaroxaban vs Placebo for Extended Treatment of VTEa,b Outcomes No. of Participants (Studies) Quality of the Evidence (GRADE) Relative Effect Anticipated Absolute Effects Risk with Placebo Risk Difference with Rivaroxaban (95% CI) All-cause mortality Moderatec because of imprecision (from 3 fewer to 15 more) Recurrent VTE High (from 42 fewer to 64 fewer) Major bleeding Moderate because of risk of bias Not estimabled The basis for the assumed risk (eg, the median control group risk across studies) is provided in the footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). See Table 1 and 4 legends for expansion of other abbreviations and GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. a Patients who had completed 6 to 12 mo of treatment for VTE. b Rivaroxaban 20 mg daily or placebo, speci c to the continued treatment study. c CI includes values suggesting no effect and values suggesting either bene t or harm. d Event rate with rivaroxaban was 4/598 (0.67%); event rate with placebo was 0/590 (0%); anticipated absolute effect risk difference with rivaroxaban is 4 more per 1,000 (from 1 less to 17 more). 