Therefore, in adults who use tobacco, assistance and arrangement for individualized and group social support counseling are recommended.S2.1-50,S2.1-51 *Advanced age generally refers to age 75 years. ASCVD indicates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES IIb B-NR For adults 20 to 39 years of age and for those 40 to 59 years of age who have <7.5% 10-year ASCVD risk, estimating lifetime or 30-year ASCVD risk may be Synopsis Assessment of ASCVD risk remains the foundation of primary prevention. Although all individuals should be encouraged to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle, estimat- ing an individual s 10-year absolute ASCVD risk enables matching the intensity of preventive interventions to the patient s absolute risk, to maximize anticipated benefit and minimize potential harm from overtreatment. The 10-year ASCVD risk estimate is used to guide decision- making for many preventive interventions, including and BP management;S2.2-37 it should be the start of a conversation with the pa- tient about risk-reducing strategies (the clinician pa- tient discussion ) and not the sole decision factor for the initiation of pharmacotherapy.S2.2-4,S2.2-36,S2.2-38 All risk estimation tools have inherent limitations, and pop- ulation-based risk scores must be interpreted in light of specific circumstances for individual patients. The PCE have been shown to overestimateS2.2-15,S2.2-39 S2.2-47 ASCVD risk for cer- tain subgroups. Thus, after calculation of the PCE, it is reasonable to use additional risk-enhancing factors to guide decisions about preventive interventions for bor- derline- or intermediate-risk adults.S2.2-4 S2.2-14 However, the value of preventive therapy may remain uncertain for many individuals with borderline or intermediate es- timated 10-year risk, and some patients may be reluc- tant to take medical therapy without clearer evidence of increased ASCVD risk. 