Numerous epidemiological and metabolic studies have shown that abdominal obesity has a stronger correlation with insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and CVD than other distributions of body fat.309 Abdominal obesity can be measured by use of waist circum- ference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio. As with BMI, there is a graded association between abdominal obesity and stroke risk. A study of 67000 women found a 2% relative increase in total stroke risk with each 1-unit increase in waist Other studies have shown similar associa- tions between abdominal obesity and stroke risk.304,307,310,311 Although many studies have shown that abdominal obesity is associated with stroke in women, even after adjustment for age, lifestyle habits, and medical comorbidities,301,303,307,310 312 some studies have shown that the association is no longer sig- nificant in multivariable models300,313,314 (Table 11). Studies of sex differences in the effect of abdominal obesity on stroke risk have had conflicting results (Table 11). The impact of obesity on poststroke outcomes remains unclear. 