Incidence of MI was similar at 5 years after random- ization. 3. Procedural stroke occurred more commonly with CABG than with PCI (1.2% versus 0.6%). 4. Relief of angina was accomplished more effectively with CABG than with PCI 1 year after randomization and 5 years after randomization. 5. During the first year after randomization, repeat coro- nary revascularization was performed less often after CABG than after PCI (3.8% versus 26.5%). This was also demonstrated after 5 years of follow-up (9.8% versus 46.1%). This difference was more pronounced with balloon angioplasty than with BMS. A collaborative analysis of data from 10 RCTs comparing CABG with balloon angioplasty (6 trials) or with BMS implantation (4 trials)451 permitted subgroup analyses of the data from the 7812 patients. No difference was noted with regard to mortality rate 5.9 years after randomization or the composite endpoint of death or MI. Repeat revascularization and angina were noted more frequently in those treated with balloon angioplasty or BMS implantation.451 The major new observation of this analysis was that CABG was associated with better outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and in those 65 years old. Of interest, the relative outcomes of CABG and PCI were not influenced by other patient charac- teristics, including the number of diseased coronary arteries. The aforementioned meta-analysis and systematic re- view450,451 comparing CABG and balloon angioplasty or BMS implantation were limited in several ways. 1. Many trials did not report outcomes for other important patient subsets. For example, the available data are insufficient to determine if race, obesity, renal dysfunc- tion, peripheral artery disease (PAD), or previous cor- onary revascularization affected the comparative out- comes of CABG and PCI. 2. 