Restenosis rates vary, depending on whether angiographic restenosis (defined as 50% diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography) or clinical restenosis (symptomatic and requir- ing target-lesion revascularization or target-vessel revascular- ization) is measured, as well as on patient characteristics, coronary anatomy considerations, and device type (balloon angioplasty, BMS, or DES). The incidence of angiographic restenosis rates for uncomplicated lesions treated in RCTs ranges from 32% to 42% after balloon angioplasty463,464 and from 16% to 32% after BMS,463,464 and is generally 10% after DES.454,841 Less than half of patients with angiographic restenosis present with symptomatic, clinically relevant reste- nosis at 1-year follow-up, and a pooled analysis of 6186 patients from 6 trials of BMS showed target-lesion revascu- larization was performed in 12% and target-vessel revascu- larization in 14% at 1 year.842,843 Patients with clinical restenosis typically present with recurrent exertional angina, but 5% to 10% of patients present with acute MI and 25% Factors associated with an increased risk of restenosis in various models include clinical setting (STEMI, ACS, daily angina), patient characteristics (diabetes, age 55 to 60 years, prior PCI, male sex, multivessel CAD), lesion location (unprotected left main, SVG), and procedural characteristics (minimum stent diameter 2.5 mm, total stent length PCI strategies for treating restenosis after balloon angio- plasty, BMS, and DES are reviewed in the following sections. In addition to repeat PCI, intensified medical therapy or CABG are often also reasonable strategies, dependent on initial treatment (eg, balloon angioplasty, BMS), pattern of restenosis, likelihood of recurrent restenosis, ability to inten- sify medical therapy, suitability for CABG, and patient preference. Repeat PCI with BMS or DES is not appropriate if the patient is not able to comply with and tolerate DAPT. 6.3.2. 