In most populations worldwide, estimated average sodium intake is much higher than the proposed target of sodium intake <2 g (<90 mmol) per day for the general population. Recent meta-analyses of RCTs in non-CKD populations demonstrate a graded bene t in both BP and CV disease risk reduction with reductions in sodium intake. Importantly, even more- modest reductions in sodium intake that did not reach the <2 g per day target were associated with these Indeed, achieved mean sodium intake typically was in the 3.0 3.5 g/d range, and the low target of <2 g/d was reached in few participants. In CKD populations, this recommendation is driven by short-term studies of moderate- quality evidence evaluating SBP and DBP, but not CV events, as endpoints. It is unknown whether sodium intakes far below 2 g per day are safe or not. The Work Group notes that there are instances in which recommendations in the general population may not apply to the CKD population. For example, rarely, CKD patients may have salt-wasting kidney disease in which case this recom- mendation may not apply. In some instances, salt substitutes are used for the purpose of maintaining food-taste prefer- ences in people practicing dietary sodium restriction. These substitutes often replace sodium with potassium salts. Clinical trials of potassium-containing salt substitutes systematically exclude patients with CKD, so bene ts and harms of potassium-containing salt substitutes in CKD are not avail- able. Potassium-containing salt substitutes differ from foods rich in potassium, as such foods may have other health bene ts, thus extrapolating data from potassium intake in the diet may not be informative to potassium-containing salt substitutes. 