Data Extraction Data extraction was done by an ERT member. Although no duplicate extraction was independently performed, data from each study was examined by another reviewer to confirm accuracy. The ERT, in consultation with the Work Group Co-Chairs, designed forms to capture data on design, methodology, sample characteristics, interventions, compara- tors, outcomes, results, and limitations of individual studies. Methodology and outcomes were also systematically graded (see the section on grading below) and recorded during the data extraction process. Summary Tables Summary tables were developed for each comparison of interest. Summary tables contain outcomes of interest, relevant population characteristics, description of interven- tion and comparator, results, and quality grading for each outcome. Categorical outcomes and continuous lipid out- comes were tabulated separately. For studies not exclusively examining CKD populations, only those reporting analysis by CKD subgroups were tabulated. Work Group members proofed all summary table data and quality assessments. Summary tables are available at http://www.kdigo.org/home/guidelines/lipids. Table 7 | Hierarchy of outcomes Hierarchy Outcome Critical importance Mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, ESRD, graft failure High importance Doubling of SCr or halving of GFR Moderate importance Change in TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C or TGs Importance dependent on severity Adverse events Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SCr, serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride Table 8 | Literature yield for RCTs* Studies included in Summary Tables Intervention Abstracts identified Articles retrieved Studies with data extracted Statin vs. Placebo Atorvastatin vs. Placebo, kidney transplant recipients Statin vs. Lifestyle Statin vs. Placebo, ADPKD Atorvastatin 80 mg vs. Low vs. Moderate Protein Diet Ezetimibe vs. Placebo Abbreviations: ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RCT, randomized controlled trial. 