Bushnell et al Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Women 1569 elderly women with AF as the population ages.19 For exam- ple, in Get With The Guidelines Stroke, one third of hospital admissions for stroke were for stroke patients 80 years of age, and AF was identified in 15.6% of men and 20.4% of Moreover, women with AF are slightly less likely to receive anticoagulation therapy than men (88% Similar findings were observed in other studies.71,372 376 Risk Stratification for Women With AF The occurrence of stroke is one of the most feared compli- cations in patients with AF. Risk stratification tools, such as -VASc scores, are useful in guid- ing the decision making for anticoagulation therapy.377,378 The score uses a point system that includes congestive heart failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age 75 years (1 point), diabetes mellitus (1 point), and 2 points for prior stroke/ This scheme has been tested in several independent cohorts of patients with AF, with a score of 0 points indicating per year); and 2 points, high risk (1.9% to 7.6% per year).364 Female sex is an independent predictor of stroke in patients This has been incorporated into other risk strati- fication tools used in the decision making for anticoagulation -VASc score can be considered an exten- sion of the CHADS2 with extra points added for female sex (1 point), previous MI, peripheral arterial disease or aortic plaque (1 point), and age 65 to 74 years (1 point) or 75 years (2 points). The American College of Cardiology/AHA/European Society of Cardiology guidelines included similar risk strati- fication strategies as CHADS2 , with the inclusion of left ven- tricular ejection fraction <35% in the high-risk category. 