The Work Group fully emphasizes that individualization of management, including consideration of the patient s characteristics, tolerability, and preferences is crucial, as it is in other areas of medical management. However, the Work Group also feels that some guidance should be provided to practitioners and that these practitioners should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence underlying the recommendations. Evidence in all chapters has been care- fully gathered and scrutinized by the ERT, including areas in which the Work Group decided that update or revision of the guideline is unnecessary. This guideline focuses exclu- sively on high BP and does not discuss other health-related issues of CKD, such as smoking or obesity. We also do not discuss bene ts and harms of physical activity or diet beyond their effects on BP. As in many other KDIGO guidelines, recommendations for further research are an integral component as it will facilitate the update and revision of future guidelines on BP management in CKD. www.kidney-international.org introduction The Co-Chairs would like to recognize all the efforts of the Work Group, ERT, and KDIGO staff. We greatly appreciate the dedication and work of the entire team, as well as the public comments, and the collaboration of the KDIGO Dia- betes guideline team. Our goal is to help improve the care of patients with high BP and CKD, and we hope this update to the guideline will succeed in doing so for the global nephrology community. Alfred K. Cheung, MD Johannes F.E. Mann, MD Blood Pressure Guideline Update Co-Chairs introduction www.kidney-international.org Summary of recommendation statements and practice points The term high BP is used throughout the document to denote BP above the target for a particular population under consideration. 