Conclusions To more accurately reflect the risk of stroke in women across the lifespan, as well as the clear gaps in current risk scores, we believe a female-specific stroke risk score is warranted. (Stroke. 2014;45:1545-1588.) Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements atrial fibrillation hormone replacement therapy menopause metabolic syndrome X preeclampsia/eclampsia sex differences stroke Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Women A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Endorsed by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons Cheryl Bushnell, MD, MHS, FAHA, Chair; Louise D. McCullough, MD, PhD, FAHA, Vice-Chair; Issam A. Awad, MD, MSc; Monique V. Chireau, MD, MPH, FAHA; Wende N. Fedder, DNP, RN, FAHA; Karen L. Furie, MD, MPH, FAHA; Virginia J. Howard, PhD, MSPH, FAHA; Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH; Lynda D. Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA; Ileana L. Pi a, MD, MPH, FAHA; Mathew J. Reeves, PhD, DVM, FAHA; Kathryn M. Rexrode, MD, MPH; Gustavo Saposnik, MD, MSc, FAHA; Vineeta Singh, MD, FAHA; Amytis Towfighi, MD; Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD; Matthew R. Walters, MD, MBChB, MSc; on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council for High Blood Pressure Research TheAmerican HeartAssociation makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. 