In patients with AF and high ischemic stroke risk, we suggest anticoagulation with an NOAC after acute spontaneous ICH (which includes subdural, subarachnoid, and intracerebral hemorrhages) after careful consideration of the risks and bene ts (Ungraded consensus-based statement). Remark: The balance of net bene t from long-term oral anticoagulation might be more favorable in those with deep ICH or without neuroimaging evidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Remark: In ICH survivors with AF, clinicians should aim to estimate the risk of recurrent ICH (using ICH location and, where available, MRI biomarkers including cerebral microbleeds) and the risk of ischemic stroke Remark: The optimal timing of anticoagulation after ICH is not known, but should be delayed beyond the acute phase (approximately 48 h) and probably for at least approximately 4 weeks. Randomized trials of NOACs and left atrial appendage occlusion are ongoing. 38. In ICH survivors at high risk of recurrent ICH (eg, those with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy), we suggest left atrial appendage occlusion (Ungraded consensus-based statement). Remark: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy should be diagnosed using validated clinico-radiological criteria. AF Patients With Carotid Disease: Carotid stenosis is present in about 8% of people over the age of 60.349 A recent multicenter retrospective study found > 50% carotid stenosis in 18.3% of patients with AF, which was associated with a doubling of stroke risk.350 Thus, in patients with both carotid stenosis and AF, there are indications for both anticoagulation and APT, yet this combination, at least in the long term, is associated with high bleeding risk and is thus generally not recommended. Randomized trials show superiority for carotid endarterectomy over stenting in patients with symptomatic stenosis (> 50%) of the internal carotid This could reduce the need for combination therapy with OAC and antiplatelet drugs in those with AF. 