The Work Group also judged that all or nearly all well-informed transplant patients would choose to receive a CCB or an ARB given the potential bene t. Key information Balance of bene ts and harms. This recommendation relies heavily on the importance of preventing graft loss to kidney transplant recipients and clinicians.305,306 The evidence re- view, including both hypertensive and normotensive www.kidney-international.org chapter 4 patients, has found that, compared to placebo, CCB use caused a mean 26% reduction in graft loss (RR: 0.74; 95% [Santos AF, Keitel E, Bittar A, et al., eds. Long-term re- sults of diltiazem use associated to cyclosporin in renal transplantation {abstract}. XIXth International Congress of the Transplantation Society; August 25 30, 2002; Miami, FL, USA]). This evidence is derived from a meta-analysis of 22 RCTs involving 1745 patients conducted by the ERT for this guideline. These 22 trials, however, evaluated both dihy- dropyridine CCBs (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine) and non- dihydropyridine CCBs (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil). From a pharmacologic perspective, non-dihydropyridine and dihy- dropyridine CCBs are very different medications with distinct effects and adverse effects and should not be com- bined in a meta-analysis. When these medication classes were examined separately, only the dihydropyridine CCB group caused a 38% reduction in graft loss (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.43 0.90) over a mean of 25 months compared to placebo (Figure 7307 326 ). This evidence was derived from 8 RCTs involving 926 participants followed for a mean of 25 In contrast, the reduction in graft loss caused by the non-dihydropyridine CCB group was not statistically signi cant (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.61 1.34) compared to placebo (Figure 7307 326 ). 