For this update and future heart failure (HF) guidelines, the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) has partnered with the ACC and AHA to provide coordinated guid- ance on the management of HF. The scope of the focused update includes revision to the sections on biomarkers; new therapies indicated for stage C HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); updates on HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); new data on important comorbidities, including sleep apnea, anemia, and hypertension; and new insights into the prevention of HF. This focused update represents the second part of a 2-stage publication; with the first part having been pub- lished as the 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update on New Pharmacological Therapy for Heart Failure, 10 which introduced guidance on new therapies, specifi- cally for the use of an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) (valsartan/sacubitril) and a sinoatrial node modulator (ivabradine). That focused update was published concurrently with the European Society of Cardiology s complete guideline, 2016 ESC Guidelines Yancy et al for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic 1.1. Methodology and Evidence Review To identify key data that influence guideline recommen- dations, the Task Force and members of the 2013 HF guideline writing committee reviewed clinical trials that were presented at the annual scientific meetings of the ACC, AHA, and European Society of Cardiology and other scientific meetings and that were published in peer-reviewed format from April 2013 through Novem- ber 2016. The evidence is summarized in tables in the Online Data Supplement. All recommendations (new, modified, and unchanged) for each clinical section are included to provide a comprehensive assessment. The text explains new and modified recommendations, whereas recommendations from the previous guideline Table 1. 