(Adapted from Lip.2 ) TABLE 1 ] PICO Questions Section Question Patients Intervention Control Outcomes Methodology Burden of stroke in AF 1.2  Established clinical risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF (including AF burden)  Echocardiographic risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF  Potential novel risk factors for ischemic stroke in AF What are the risk factors for ischemic stroke and TE? Patients with AF - Established clinical risk factors - Risk factors on echocardiography - Novel risk factors Patients with chronic atrial utter NA NA Ischemic stroke Systemic TE Mortality Cohort studies Non-warfarin arms of RCTs 1.3 Risk strati cation for ischemic stroke and TE What risk strati cation schemes most accurately predict ischemic stroke and TE, and mortality? Patients with AF NA NA C-statistic NRI, IDI, DCA Absolute rates of ischemic stroke and TE Cohort studies Clinical prediction rules Antithrombotic Therapy 2.1 Patients with nonvalvular AF What are the bene ts and risks of different stroke prevention strategies? 