The uncertainty associated with length of life from diagnosis and often repeated episodes of severe deterioration can create anxiety for both patients and clinicians. This may prevent optimal advance care planning and targeting of therapies and resources to those who will benefit most. Consequently, there is increasing interest in prognostic tools to identify people who are entering the last year of life. Despite some prediction tools being widely available there are no national guidelines on their use. 10.4.2 Review question: In adults with heart failure, which validated risk tools best identify patients with heart failure who are at increased risk of mortality in the short term (up to 1 year)? For full details, see the review protocol in Appendix A. Table 150: PICO characteristics of review question Question In adults with heart failure, which validated risk tools best identify patients with heart failure who are at increased risk of mortality in the short term (up to 1 year)? Chronic Heart Failure Advanced heart failure and palliative care NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 Question In adults with heart failure, which validated risk tools best identify patients with heart failure who are at increased risk of mortality in the short term (up to 1 year)? Objective To determine which prognostic risk tools are the most accurate at predicting patient mortality, to support decisions about involvement of palliative care services and the use of palliative care processes. Population People with heart failure in a community or outpatient setting. Tools that are derived or validated in patients who are in an acute setting will also be included. The results will be stratified based on the setting in which the tools were validated in the study (admitted versus recently discharged versus community). 