Outside the scope of this statement and covered in detail elsewhere, postopera- tive antithrombotic therapy should continue to be reserved for patients recovering from CABG who have other indications for warfarin, including those with atrial fibrillation (AF),69 patients with a history of venous thromboembolism,70 and those who undergo concurrent valve replacement at the time When warfarin is prescribed after CABG, aspirin is typically administered at lower doses (75 162 mg daily) to reduce the risk of bleeding complications.69 71 Although newer antithrombotic agents (dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban) have recently become available, their efficacy in the CABG population has yet to be prospectively evaluated. Moreover, safety concerns have been raised about their use early after surgery and in those with mechanical prosthetic valves.72 74 Antithrombotic Therapy Recommendations 1. Warfarin should not be routinely prescribed after CABG for graft patency unless patients have other indications for long-term antithrombotic therapy (such as AF, venous thromboembolism, or a mechani- cal prosthetic valve) (Class III; Level of Evidence A). 2. Antithrombotic alternatives to warfarin (dabiga- tran, apixaban, rivaroxaban) should not be routinely administered early after CABG until additional safety data have accrued (Class III; Level of Evidence C). Lipid Management Statins and Low-Density Lipoprotein Management Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels strongly influence the process of saphenous vein graft disease after CABG, including the development of intimal hyperplasia Kulik et al Secondary Prevention After CABG 933 and atheromatous plaques.75,76 Through lifestyle changes and medications, the treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CAD, and among CABG patients in particular.68,77 79 Statins, the most com- monly prescribed agents for hyperlipidemia, have been shown to improve survival and to reduce the risks of adverse car- diovascular events across a wide range of cholesterol levels. 