*CPD can guide dosing. 1 CPD is 1-2 mg of nicotine. Note: Use caution with all NRT products for patients with recent ( 2 wk) MI, serious arrhythmia, or angina; patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding; and adolescents. Timing of assessment relates to ICD-10 coding. Dose and duration can be titrated on the basis of response.S4.5-9 The FDA has issued a removal of black box warnings about neuropsychiatric events.S4.5-8,S4.5-9 am indicates morning; CPD, cigarettes smoked per day; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision; MAO, monoamine oxidase; NRT, nicotine replacement; and SR, sustained release. CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES week and adhere to a healthy dietary pattern to help lower future ASCVD risk. A diet high in fruits, veg- etables, and whole grains is best. Fish, legumes, and poultry are the preferred sources of protein. Minimizing the consumption of trans fats, added sugars (includ- ing sugar-sweetened beverages), red meats, sodium, and saturated fats is also important. Clinicians should work in partnership with patients to assess their readi- ness for sustained lifestyle improvements, identify po- tential barriers to change, and encourage them to try to achieve measurable goals and continue to monitor Finally, social determinants of ASCVD risk and their impact on the patient s ability to prevent or treat risk factors must be taken into account. Clini- cians need to consider patients health literacy and edu- cation levels and assess patients motivation to improve their lifestyle habits. The goal of the clinician is to match the intensity of preventive efforts with an individual s absolute risk of a future ASCVD event and with the individual s willing- ness and capacity to implement preventive strategies. Risk estimation is imperfect and based on group aver- ages that are then applied to individual patients. 