These data were considered in the context of a substantial body of evidence con rming short-term bene ts in SBP and DBP reduction in the general population. In the general population, the magnitude of BP lowering may be greater in persons with high BP, which is more prevalent in CKD patients.43 There is also moderate strength of evidence from sys- tematic reviews that lowering of sodium intake reduces CV disease in the general population.43 The systematic review conducted for this guideline found no RCT data evaluating the effects of dietary sodium reduction on clinical outcomes, including kidney failure (formerly known as end-stage kidney disease [ESKD]), CV disease, or mortality in CKD pop- ulations. However, the Work Group agrees that there is no reason to believe that the epidemiologic ndings in the gen- eral population would be different in CKD populations. chapter 2 www.kidney-international.org Further, persons with CKD frequently take angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II re- ceptor blockers (ARB) compared to non-RASi therapy, and the kidney and CV bene ts of these medications may be enhanced if accompanied by a low-sodium diet compared to a Values and preferences. This recommendation places a relatively high value on the bene ts of using a non- pharmacologic method to lower BP and minimize additional medications. The recommendation places a relatively high value on data from the general population, demonstrating that reductions in dietary sodium intake induce short-term reductions in BP, and other evidence suggests that these bene ts likely extend to people with CKD. The Work Group placed lower value on the limited available data evaluating the effects of dietary sodium reduction on clinical outcomes, including kidney failure, mortality, and CV disease endpoints in CKD patients. 