Key populations at risk for inequities include those from Black, Hispanic, and indigenous backgrounds; women; the elderly; immigrants; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgen- der, and queer or questioning individuals; and those with low income, low educational attainment, limited English proficiency, unstable housing, inadequate social sup- port, concurrent substance abuse, comorbid psychiatric illness, or history of incarceration. Although epidemio- logical studies have elucidated race/ethnicity , age-, and sex-specific disparities in risk factor control after stroke, less is known about risk factor control among other CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Kleindorfer vulnerable populations at risk for inequities. Specific gaps and areas for future research include the following: A more thorough understanding of which populations have inequities in risk factor control after stroke. A more nuanced understanding of the drivers of inequities in risk factor control after stroke, including social determinants of health and structural racism. Strategies for improving risk factor control among groups at risk for inequities. Strategies for addressing social determinants of health among stroke survivors. 