Cryptogenic stroke and high-risk patent foramen ovale: the DEFENSE-PFO trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:2335 2342. 554. Mas JL, Derumeaux G, Guillon B, Massardier E, Hosseini H, Mechtouff L, Arquizan C, B jot Y, Vuillier F, Detante O, et al; CLOSE Investigators. Patent foramen ovale closure or anticoagulation vs. antiplatelets after stroke. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1011 1021. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705915 555. Saver JL, Carroll JD, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL; RESPECT Investigators. Long-term outcomes of pat- ent foramen ovale closure or medical therapy after stroke. N Engl J Med. 556. S ndergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, Andersen G, Iversen HK, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Settergren M, Sj strand C, Roine RO, Hildick-Smith D, et al; Gore REDUCE Clinical Study Investigators. Patent foramen ova- le closure or antiplatelet therapy for cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 557. Turc G, Lee JY, Brochet E, Kim JS, Song JK, Mas JL; CLOSE and DEFENSE-PFO Trial Investigators. Atrial septal aneurysm, shunt size, and recurrent stroke risk in patients with patent foramen ovale. J Am Coll 558. Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, Berry S, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL; RESPECT Investigators. Closure of patent fora- men ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med. 559. Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, Mauri L, Adams H, Albers GW, Felberg R, Herrmann H, Kar S, Landzberg M, et al; CLOSURE I Investigators. Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:991 999. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009639 560. Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, Khattab AA, Hildick-Smith D, Dudek D, Andersen G, Ibrahim R, Schuler G, Walton AS, et al; PC Trial Investigators. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in crypto- genic embolism. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1083 1091. doi: 10.1056/ 561. 