This document is not intended to serve as a textbook of medicine or nephrology. Unless otherwise stated, several aspects including drug dosing and interaction, especially in transplanted patients, are still valid with respect to the KDOQI 2003 guidelines. The current guideline synthesized all of the available evidence but is largely driven by a few large RCTs and post hoc analyses of patients with CKD from statin trials of the general population. This guideline proposes a new concept in the management of dyslipidemia in CKD in the hopes of stimulating discussion, generating substantial research, and influencing public policy and laboratory practice. The requirement for an update will be assessed in five years from the publication date or earlier if important new evidence becomes available in the interim. Such evidence might, for example, lead to changes to the recommendations or may modify information provided on the balance between benefits and harms of a particular therapeutic intervention. introduction Chapter 1: Assessment of lipid status in adults with CKD 1.1: In adults with newly identified CKD (including those treated with chronic dialysis or kidney transplanta- tion), we recommend evaluation with a lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, RATIONALE Dyslipidemia is common but not universal in people with CKD. The major determinants of dyslipidemia in CKD patients are glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the presence of diabetes mellitus, severity of proteinuria, use of immuno- suppressive agents, modality of renal replacement therapy [RRT] (treatment by HD, peritoneal dialysis, or transplanta- tion), comorbidity and nutritional status.3 Initial evaluation of the lipid profile mainly serves to establish the diagnosis of severe hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia and potentially rule out a remediable (secondary) cause if present. Major causes of secondary dyslipidemia should be considered (Table 1). 