Treatment of Stages A to D: Recommendations 6.1. Stage A CLASS I 1. Hypertension and lipid disorders should be controlled in accordance with contemporary guidelines to lower the risk of HF (28,128 132). (Level of Evidence: A) 2. Other conditions that may lead to or contribute to HF, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, and known car- diotoxic agents, should be controlled or avoided. (Level of Evidence: C) 6.2. Stage B See Table 9 for a summary of recommendations from this section. CLASS I 1. In all patients with a recent or remote history of myocardial infarction (MI) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and reduced EF, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used to prevent symptomatic HF and reduce mortality (133 135). In patients intolerant to ACE inhibi- tors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are appropriate unless contraindicated (132,136). (Level of Evidence: A) 2. In all patients with a recent or remote history of MI or ACS and reduced EF, evidence-based beta blockers should be used to reduce mortality (137 139). (Level of Evidence: B) Table 8. 