ISBN: 978-1-4731-3093-7 (a) GFR approximated using creatinine level (umol/l) and average participant demographics using the abbreviated MDRD equation: 186 x (Creat / 88.4)-1.154 x (mean age)-0.203 x (0.742 x (proportion female%)) (b) Ten or more years elapsed between the publication of the main trial results and the publication of the reported sub- group analysis Treating Heart Failure Chronic Heart Failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. ISBN: Table 60: Clinical evidence summary: ACE-inhibitor versus Placebo (CKD stages 3-4) Outcomes No of Participant s (studies) Follow up Quality of the evidence (GRADE) Relative effect Anticipated absolute effects Risk with Placebo Risk difference with ACE-inhibitor All-cause mortality - CKD stages 3-4 1036 VERY LOWa,b due to risk of bias, imprecision (from 86 fewer to 18 more) All-cause mortality - CKD stage 3b and 4 only VERY LOW a,b due to risk of bias, imprecision (from 158 fewer to 21 more) All-cause hospitalisation 1036 VERY LOW a,b due to risk of bias, imprecision (from 101 fewer to 20 more) Renal function (change in serum creatinine umol/l) LOWa due to risk of bias The mean change in serum creatinine (umol/l) in the control groups was The mean change in serum creatinine (umol/l) in the intervention groups was VERY LOW a,b due to risk of bias, imprecision (from 5 fewer to 42 more) a Downgraded by 2 increments if the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of biasb Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs Treating Heart Failure Chronic Heart Failure NICE 2018. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights. 