Colors correspond to Class of Recommendation in Table 2. apoB indicates apolipoprotein B; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAC, coronary artery calcium; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and Lp(a), lipoprotein (a). CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES and validated in a similar natural his- The PCE estimate risk of hard ASCVD events (MI and stroke, both fatal and nonfatal). Esti- mates are readily applied in clinical practice. Their risk factors include age, cigarette smoking, blood pressure, serum TC, HDL-C, and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. The race and sex-specific PCE are best validat- ed in non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites 40 to 75 years of age.S4.4.1.2-1 S4.4.1,2-3,S4.4.1.2-7 S4.4.1.2-19 In other racial/ethnic groups, equations are less extensively stud- ied. Because the PCE are population equations, they may overestimate or underestimate risk for individu- als or population subgroups. Consequently, PCE esti- mates must be considered in the context of a particu- lar patient s circumstances when deciding whether to use statin therapy. Using the PCE, the 2013 ACC/AHA identified a 10-year risk of ASCVD 7.5% as an RCT-supported threshold for benefit of statin therapy. In this guideline, 10-year risk for ASCVD is categorized as low-risk (<5%), borderline risk (5% to <7.5%), intermediate risk (7.5% to <20%), and high risk ( 20%). In adults 20 to 39 years of age, assess- ment of 30-year or lifetime risk of a first ASCVD event can be used to inform intensity of primary-prevention PCE estimates can be calculated from 2 online links: ACCS4.4.1.1-1 4.4.1.3. Risk-Enhancing Factors Moderate intensity generic statins allow for efficacious and cost-effective primary prevention in patients with a 10-year risk of ASCVD 7.5%.S4.4.1.3-1 Since 2013 ACC/ provided additional support for this finding. 