Despite the importance of stroke in women, there has never been anAmerican HeartAssociation (AHA)/American Stroke Association guideline dedicated to stroke risk and preven- tion in women. This endeavor is important because women differ from men in a multitude of ways, including genetic differences in immunity,14,15 hormonal fac- reproductive factors including pregnancy and child- birth, and social factors,5,9 all of which can influence risk for stroke and impact stroke outcomes. This document provides a new stroke prevention guideline that covers topics specific to women in more detail than has been included in current primary and secondary stroke prevention guidelines19,20 and provides more emphasis on stroke-specific issues in women than are included in the current cardiovascular prevention guideline for women.21 Writing group members were nominated by the com- mittee chair on the basis of their previous work in relevant topic areas and were approved by the AHA Stroke Council s Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and the AHA s Manuscript Oversight Committee. Multiple disciplines are represented, including neurology, neuroscience research, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, cardiology, phar- macology, nursing, epidemiology, and public policy. The panel reviewed relevant articles on adults using computer- ized searches of the medical literature through May 15, 2013. The evidence is organized within the context of the AHA framework and is classified according to the joint AHA/ American College of Cardiology and supplementary AHA Stroke Council methods of classifying the level of certainty and the class and level of evidence (Tables 1 and 2). The document underwent extensive AHA internal peer review, Stroke Council Leadership review, and Scientific Statements Oversight Committee review before consideration and approval by the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. Each topic was assigned to a primary author and a secondary reviewer. 