We used studies with grouped indications for the outcome of major bleeding and rated down the evidence for indirectness. Studies with grouped indications were also combined for the outcome of percentage of anti factor Xa concentrations in the therapeutic range. Studies with grouped indications were not used for PE or DVT. No studies reported the outcome of mortality. When multiple studies reported the prioritized outcomes, the number of events was added across all studies and reported over the total sample. The EtD framework is shown online at 4dec32706a8b. Benefits. For benefits, see the evidence profile in the EtD framework referenced at the end of the previous section, available online. In an analysis of observational studies not included in the measured peak enoxaparin anti factor Xa concentrations were found to be within the therapeutic range defined by the individual studies following a therapeutic enoxaparin dose (1.5 mg/kg once daily or 1 mg/kg twice daily).86,93,102,103 In another observational dalteparin anti factor Xa concentrations fell within the defined therapeutic range (between 0.5 and 1.0 units per milliliter for twice-daily dosing and between 1.0 and 2.0 units per milliliter for once-daily dosing) following a therapeutic dalteparin dose (200 units per kilogram per day) (assessed with peak anti factor Xa concentration).105 It was difficult to put these results into perspective given the lack of a control group where LMWH doses were not adjusted based on anti factor Xa concentrations. Harms and burden. 