1c. For outcome measures, the outcome should be clinically meaningful. If appropriate, perfor- mance measures based on outcomes should adjust for relevant clinical characteristics through the use of appropriate methodology and high-quality data sources. 2. Measure selection: 2a. The patient group to whom the measure applies (denominator) and the patient group for whom conformance is achieved (numerator) are clearly de ned and clinically meaningful. 2b. Exceptions and exclusions are supported by evidence. 2c. The measure is reproducible across organiza- tions and delivery settings. 2d. Face validitydThe measure appears to assess what it is intended to. 2e. Content validitydThe measure captures most meaningful aspects of care. 2f. Construct validitydThe measure correlates well with other measures of the same aspect of care. 3. Measure feasibility: 3a. The data required for the measure can be ob- tained with reasonable effort and cost. 3b. The data required for the measure can be ob- tained within the period allowed for data collection. 4a. ActionabledThose held accountable can affect the care process or outcome. 4b. The likelihood of negative unintended conse- quences with the measure is low. JACC Vol. 63, No. 7, 2014 Nallamothu et al. February 25, 2014:722 45 ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMA-PCPI/NCQA