These were improved in the 2013 ACC/AHA cholesterol guideli- by compiling data from 5 community-based cohorts that were broadly representative of the US population. These so-called population cohort equa- tions have been validated in a large community-based Initially, data from the Women s CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Health Initiative, a contemporary multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women, appeared to indicate that these pooled cohort equations overestimated ASCVD risk. However, when event surveillance was improved by data from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Servic- es, the authors found that the equations discriminated Several other factors associate with ASCVD, and in the present document these are called risk-enhancing factors. Projections of future risk derived from major risk factors and risk-enhancing factors can be used to adjust the intensity of LDL-lowering therapy. 2.2. Measurements of LDL-C and Non HDL-C Recommendations for Measurements of LDL-C and Non HDL-C Referenced studies that support recommendations are summarized in Online Data Supplement 1. COR LOE Recommendations I B-NR In adults who are 20 years of age or older and not on lipid-lowering therapy, measurement of either a fasting or a nonfasting plasma lipid profile is effective in estimating ASCVD risk and documenting Table 2. 