Oxidative Stress 1379 1.2.5. Humoral and Metabolic Factors 1379 1.2.6. Calcium 1380 Rosendorff et al Treatment of Hypertension in Patients With CAD 1373 This is an update of the American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement Treatment of Hypertension in the Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention, published in 2007.1 A number of important studies have been published since that date that serve to modify or at least to further refine the recommendations of that statement, so an update was considered appropriate and timely. Because an AHA/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Society of Hypertension guideline on the treatment of hyper- tension in primary prevention is in process, this document is concerned with the epidemiology of hypertension and its treatment in secondary prevention, specifically in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological studies have established a strong asso- ciation between hypertension and CAD. Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for the development of CAD, stroke, and renal failure. The optimal choice of antihyperten- sive agents remains controversial, and there are only partial answers to important questions in the treatment of hyperten- sion for the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease (IHD): What are the appropriate systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) targets in patients with established CAD? Are the beneficial effects of treatment simply a function of blood pressure (BP) lowering, or do particular classes of drugs have uniquely protective actions in addition to lowering BP? Are there antihypertensive drugs that have shown par- ticular efficacy in the secondary prevention of IHD? 