, not published in English, not a clinical trial or SR, published outside date range) b. Down to Box 9 Table A-2. Evidence Base for KQs Question Number Question Number of Studies & Type of Studies What is the optimal time to repeat screening for cardiovascular risk, including lipid level and taking into consideration variability of lipid levels over time, on identification of individuals who would benefit from pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic dyslipidemia treatment and on cardiovascular outcomes? Does this vary by age group (20 to 39 years, 40 to 54/64 years, 55/65 to 79 years, 80 years and above), sex, or co-morbid conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, CKD)? 2 cohort studies 2 What is the variability/stability of lipid levels over time? modeling study What is the optimal method to stratify cardiovascular risks, including a combination of classic (e.g., fasting and non-fasting lipid levels, age, sex, smoking history, diabetes, hypertension) and novel (e.g., CAC, IMT, hsCRP, particle size, ABI, coronary CT calcium score, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), hsCRP, NT proBNP, hs-TnI (high sensitivity troponin I), galectin-3) risk markers or risk calculators, in order to inform pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment for dyslipidemia (e.g., initiating treatment, choice of treatment, or intensity/dosage)? 2 SRs and 11 model performance studies Among patients at risk of CVD, including patients with dyslipidemia, what is the effectiveness (vs. placebo), comparative effectiveness (vs. another medication class, another medication within the same class, a different dose of the same medication), and safety of pharmacotherapy (e.g., statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrant, niacin, fibrate, omega-3, bempedoic acid) on cardiovascular outcomes? Does this vary by patients age, gender, co-morbid conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, CKD), cardiovascular risk, intolerance to statins, or other patients characteristics, or for primary vs. secondary prevention? 