Similar to patients with known hypertension and diabetes mellitus, for patients with known AF, their ED encounters provide opportunities to promote behaviors to improve compliance with medication and to ensure access to Alcohol consumption is a major contributor to many ED visits. In response to the epidemic of alcohol-related inju- ries and illnesses, numerous ED-based interventions have The American College of Emergency Physicians developed a brief alcohol use intervention bro- chure that does not require significant resources to produce or distribute but, by itself, was found to be only marginally effective in the absence of referral for cessation counseling.920 More interactive ED interventions require more resources but are more likely to produce enduring benefits.921 Integrating health promotion into the curriculum of emergency medicine training programs will help overcome existing nihilism of many practicing emergency physicians related to the benefit of alcohol interventions.922 Nutrition, physical activity, and drug abuse are potential lifestyle targets for behavioral interventions aimed at pri- mary stroke prevention. Of these issues, only the feasibility and efficacy of substance abuse screening and intervention have been studied in the adult ED setting, although an obe- sity screening study in a pediatric ED was recently reported, with more than half of the children being overweight or Obesity contributes to medical conditions fre- quently seen in the ED and may complicate medical inter- ventions. Many physicians are reluctant to discuss issues related to a patient s weight, and patients are not always receptive to the discussion.924 No study has investigated the use of the ED as a site for nutritional and dietary counseling. 