However, in the opinion of the Work Group, this recommendation is likely to be cost-effective as it may avert consequences of over- treatment and undertreatment, though an economic analysis has not been published. Considerations for implementation. The use of standardized of ce BP over routine of ce BP holds true for all patients, regardless of age, sex, race, or CKD severity. Rationale This chapter is an addition since the KDIGO 2012 BP guide- line. This recommendation places a relatively higher value on consistency with BP measurement methods used in prior outcome trials examining different BP targets, and on mini- mizing overtreatment or undertreatment of BP that may result from routine, non-standardized of ce BP measurements. This recommendation places a lower value on the increased time required to perform standardized BP measurements. This recommendation is consistent with other recent guidelines that also underscore the importance of standard- ized of ce BP measurement (e.g., American College of Car- diology [ACC]/American Heart Association [AHA],2,7 and European Society of Cardiology [ESC]8 ). Practice Point 1.1: An oscillometric BP device may be preferable to a manual BP device for standardized of ce BP measurement; however, standardization emphasizes adequate preparations for BP measurement, not the type of equipment. www.kidney-international.org chapter 1 Oscillometric BP devices may be preferred over manual BP devices, as the former minimizes potential sources of inac- curacies in BP measurements that can occur with human errors associated with manual BP measurement such as those resulting from hearing impairment, an improper de ation rate, or terminal-digit bias.9 Manual BP devices are also acceptable when oscillometric devices are unavailable. The main emphasis is on the importance of obtaining standardized BP measurements that are made ac- cording to recommended preparation procedures (Figure 2). 