As previously noted, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the uptake and reimbursement of virtual care, including telephone and video visits. In addition, remote patient monitoring programs to monitor patients with HF for early signs of clinical decompensation have also been accelerated by the pandemic, given their ability to assess patients without unnecessarily exposing them to COVID- 19. These advances may ultimately have an impact on HF care well after the pandemic subsides. For example, communication may be enhanced with telehealth by leveraging remote symptom monitoring captured be- tween visits, which can be used to inform clinical de- cisions through patient engagement in self-care (94). It will be important to rigorously study the ability of tele- health to effectively manage patients with HFrEF. In the interim, virtual visits serve as one avenue to avoid delays in care, including titration of GDMT remotely, if needed, while taking appropriate precautions to keep patients and caregivers safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Potential infrastructure components to support team- based HF care are detailed in Table 8. Electronic health records are essential to communica- tion and coordination of care. Patient monitoring and engagement tools that can detect early signs of HF decompensation and encourage adherence to effective therapies are also important adjuncts. Many recent tech- nological innovations in this area, such as implantable pulmonary arterial pressure monitoring devices (62), wearable activity monitors (95), and smartphone and other mobile applications (96), have the potential to improve monitoring and patient engagement (96). These advances have been accompanied by new billing codes for remote monitoring activities. However, as previously noted, these innovations are largely unproven, so the focus should remain on the effectiveness and evidence, rather than the form of these tools. 