Longitudinal cohort data show mod- erate tracking of cardiovascular risk factors from childhood to adulthood in the general pediatric suggesting some persistence of the underlying pathophysiology and potential benefit of identifying lipid disorders in childhood. 7. Selective screening for lipid disorders on the basis of family history (Recommendation 1) or lifestyle- related factors (Recommendation 2) identifies only a portion of childhood lipid abnormalitiesS4.4.4.3-19, (Table 9). Therefore, concordant with the 2011 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines Table 9. Normal and Abnormal Lipid Values in Childhood* Acceptable, mg/dL Borderline, mg/dL Abnormal, mg/dL Triglycerides Triglycerides Values given are in mg/dL. To convert to SI units, divide the results for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non HDL-C by 38.6; for triglycerides, divide by 88.6. *Values for plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels are from the NCEP Expert Panel on Cholesterol Levels in Children. Non HDL-C values from the Bogalusa Heart Study are equivalent to the NCEP Pediatric Panel cutpoints for LDL-C. The cutpoints for high and borderline high represent approximately the 95th and 75th percentiles, respectively. Low cutpoints for HDL-C represent approximately the 10th percentile. HDL-C indicates high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program; SI, Syst me international d unit s (International System of Units); and TC, total cholesterol. CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents,S4.4.4.3-41 universal pedi- atric lipid screening has been advised in recent specifically focusing on ages 9 to 11 years and then ages 17 to 21 years because TC and LDL-C levels decrease 10% to 20% during puberty. However, the long-term benefits and harms of universal screening have not been tested in RCTs. 