This recommendation places a relatively lower value on the potential lack of device availability, costs, and patient and staff burden. Quality of evidence. There are systematic reviews in the general population showing that high out-of-of ce BP is associated with CV disease risk independent of of ce BP.36 Although there are no systematic reviews in CKD patients, the results from individual studies in CKD are generally consistent with the general population data in that BP differs when measured outside the of ce versus in the of ce setting, and out-of-of ce readings provide additional prognostic Therefore, there is no reason to suspect that ndings in the general population would not apply to patients with CKD also. The systematic reviews and meta- analyses of general population studies provide moderate- quality evidence because of the inherent limitations of observational studies, but the evidence quality is upgraded from low because of the strength of associations of out-of- of ce BP measurements with critically important outcomes. However, no single outcome trial targeting out-of-of ce BP has been reported so far in CKD populations. Values and preferences. This recommendation places a relatively higher value on providing complementary infor- mation to standardized of ce BP that may affect clinical de- cisions. There is a modest correlation between BP measured in the of ce and outside of the of ce using ABPM or HBPM. However, these BP measurements should not be considered interchangeable. Importantly, there have been no large RCTs with clinical outcomes using ABPM or HBPM to de ne BP targets. Therefore, at present, ABPM and HBPM cannot be used alone to guide therapy. The recommendation places a relatively lower value on the potential lack of device avail- ability, costs, and patient burden. 