This recommendation holds true for all patients, regardless of age, sex, race, or CKD severity. ABPM requires recalibration every 1 2 years, based on There are no standardized protocols for calibrating HBPM devices; however, when it is suspected that home measurements are inaccurate, providers should ask their patients to bring their HBPM device to the of ce to compare BP values on these devices with those ob- tained from a calibrated device.42 Rationale This recommendation places a high value on informing an individual s overall BP pro le and identifying persons with high CV disease risks related to high BP. This recommenda- tion places a relatively lower value on the potential lack of device availability, cost, and patient burden. Observational studies indicate that the diagnosis of high BP and BP control status differs for a high proportion of adults when BP is measured in the of ce versus outside the of ce. Also, observational studies indicate a stronger associ- ation of out-of-of ce BP measurements with CV and kidney outcomes than of ce BP measurements in the general pop- ulation and CKD. Identi cation of white-coat hypertension, masked hy- pertension, the white-coat effect, and masked uncontrolled hypertension has potential treatment implications. Antihy- pertensive medication initiation and intensi cation may be considered for patients with substantial masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension, respectively, whereas for those with substantial white-coat hypertension and the white-coat effect the choice may be made to defer initiation and defer intensi cation of antihypertensive medication, respectively, especially in individuals with symptoms associ- ated with documented out-of-of ce hypotension. However, the Work Group acknowledges the lack of RCTs that chapter 1 www.kidney-international.org speci cally address whether and how best to treat BP pro les identi ed by out-of-of ce BP measurements. 