Evidence Review Team Jonathan C. Craig, MBChB, DipCH, FRACP, M Med (Clin Epi), PhD, Evidence Review Team Director, is an interna- tionally recognized clinician and scientist and holds the position of vice president and executive dean of the College of Medicine & Public Health at Flinders Univer- sity, Adelaide, South Australia. Professor Craig has made a signi cant contribution to the clinical research landscape in the prevention, identi cation, management, and treatment of CKD, particularly in relation to children and in indigenous communities. He has led the formation of state, national, and interna- tional networks to conduct high-quality, relevant trials in children. He has been instrumental in the development and implementation of best-practice methods and guidelines www.kidney-international.org biographic and disclosure information relating to CKD in Australia and globally. Professor Craig s many current advisory roles include member of the National Health and Medical Research Council s (NHMRC) Health Translation Advisory Committee, the Pharmaceutical Bene ts Advisory Committee, Medical Services Advisory Committee, and Commonwealth Department of Health Life Savings Drug Program. He is a past member of the World Health Organization expert review panel for global strategy and plan of action on public health, innovation and intellectual property; a past chairman of the Steering Group of the Cochrane Collaboration; and a past member of the Expert Advisory Group for the Structural Review of NHMRC s Grant Program. Dr. Craig declared no competing interests. Suetonia C. Palmer, MBChB, FRACP, PhD, Evidence Re- view Team Co-Director, is an academic nephrologist at the University of Otago at Christchurch in New Zealand. She studied medicine at the University of Otago, graduating in 1995. She became a fellow of the Royal Australasian Col- lege of Physicians in Nephrology in 2005.


She became a fellow of the Royal Australasian Col- lege of Physicians in Nephrology in 2005. She later completed a PhD in 2010 on the link between kidney function and heart health and a 2-year postdoctoral fellowship in Boston, MA, USA, at the Brigham and Women s Hospital. Dr. Palmer began as an author with the Cochrane Renal Group in 2004 during her training to become a nephrologist. Through systematic reviews, she discovered a passion for understanding more about the amount and quality of evi- dence that are required to make good clinical decisions in nephrology. She is actively engaged in the conduct of sys- tematic reviews of interventions (the treatments we use), prognosis (whether risk factors for disease link to important outcomes), and trial quality (how good is the evidence on which to base our decisions). Dr. Palmer enjoys training others in systematic review and meta-analysis using an evidence-based approach to research. She has strong collaborative links with researchers in Italy, Australia, Europe, and North America with an increasing research output, including recent publications in key internal medicine and nephrology journals. Dr. Palmer declared no competing interests. Giovanni F.M. Strippoli, MD, MPH, M Med (Clin Epi), PhD, Evidence Review Team Co-Director, has made sig- ni cant contributions to clinical research in CKD, with particular focus on prevention of kidney disease, and man- agement of kidney failure, including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. He has contributed strongly to the development of policy in the area of kidney disease management through an international network designing and conducting epidemiologic studies in the eld, including systematic reviews, RCTs, and cohort studies, among others.


He has contributed strongly to the development of policy in the area of kidney disease management through an international network designing and conducting epidemiologic studies in the eld, including systematic reviews, RCTs, and cohort studies, among others. Professor Strippoli has been an active contributor in his positions as chairman, deputy chairman, and council in nephrology societies including the ISN and the Italian Society of Nephrology, as well as editorial positions in nephrology and general medicine scienti c journals. Dr. Strippoli declared no competing interests. Martin Howell, PhD, Assistant Project Director, is a senior research fellow in health economics in the Sydney School of Public Health (University of Sydney), NSW, Australia. Since 2009, Martin has been responsible for evidence review and synthesis and the development of over 20 clinical practice guidelines for the Kidney Health Australia Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment (KHA-CARI) guidelines group. His research focuses on applied health economics, predominantly in the areas of assessment of preferences using discrete choice methods and economic evaluations. His PhD project involved the application of a type of choice experiment known as a Best Worst Scaling survey to elicit preferences of recipients of kidney transplants for outcomes after transplantation. This methodology has since been applied to address a diverse range of health-related issues. He is currently leading the economic evaluations of 9 active clinical trials. He is an author on 57 publications ( rst author on 10). These publications show the broad application of his research from clinical trials to translation of clinical evidence to clinical practice guidelines and patient-centered care. Dr. Howell declared no competing interests.


These publications show the broad application of his research from clinical trials to translation of clinical evidence to clinical practice guidelines and patient-centered care. Dr. Howell declared no competing interests. David J. Tunnicliffe, PhD, Evidence Review Project Team Leader and Project Manager, is a research fellow at the University of Sydney, School of Public Health, and the Centre for Kid- ney Research at the Children s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia. He was awarded his PhD in 2018 at the Uni- versity of Sydney. David has a research interest in meta-research and the utilization of living evidence in the management of CKD, and teaching epidemiology, which he performs through the Masters (Medicine) Clinical Epidemiology program, as a unit coordinator of introductions to systematic reviews. As part of Cochrane Kidney and Transplant, David has served as the evidence review project team leader and project manager for the 2021 update of the KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in CKD, providing methodological expertise on evidence syn- thesis and guideline development. His role was key in coor- dinating the formation of key clinical questions to guide literature searching and leading data extraction, critical appraisal, meta-analysis, and evidence grading. Dr. Tunnicliffe declared no competing interests. biographic and disclosure information www.kidney-international.org Fiona Russell, PhD, Cochrane Kidney and Transplant, Managing Editor, has more than 20 years experience at media organizations such as News Corp and Fairfax Media in a variety of editorial positions including reporter, sub-editor, deputy editor, and production editor. Two years as an infor- mation technology supervisor led to an ongoing technological change management role at both companies, developing new system procedures and work ows, and providing training solutions for new and existing staff.


Two years as an infor- mation technology supervisor led to an ongoing technological change management role at both companies, developing new system procedures and work ows, and providing training solutions for new and existing staff. During her editorial career, Dr. Russell also gained a bachelor s degree in journalism, international relations, and literary studies, a graduate degree in cognitive science, and a PhD in comparative cognition research. She has been the managing editor of Cochrane Kidney and Transplant since October 2015. Grants/grants pending: National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Gail Y. Higgins, BA, Grad Ed, Grad Dip LibSc, Information Specialist, completed a bachelor s degree in arts, a graduate diploma in education from the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, and a graduate diploma in Library Science from Kuring-gai College of Advanced Education. Following a number of years as a teacher librarian, she changed tack and spent 3 years with the NSW TAFE Information Systems Di- vision. After that, she joined the University of Sydney Library and worked as a pharmacy librarian and then as an internet training librarian. She has worked as an information specialist for the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group in Cologne, Germany, and the Cochrane Cancer Network in Oxford, UK. In 2007 and 2008, she completed a secondment with the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, on the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) project. Ms. Higgins declared no competing interests. Tess E. Cooper, MPH, MSc (Evidence-based Health Care), Research Associate, has completed an MSc in evidence-based health care, a Master of Public Health, and a bachelor s degree in population health and marketing. Ms. Cooper is the in- house systematic reviewer for the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Review Group, based at the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.


Ms. Cooper is the in- house systematic reviewer for the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Review Group, based at the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In addition, she works with several other Cochrane Review groups, including the Pain; Palliative and Supportive Care; Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT); and Skin groups, based in the United Kingdom. She has research experience in evidence-based health care, long-term cohort studies, chronic disease prevention, and is a current PhD candidate researching kidney transplant patients. Grants/grants pending: Australian Government PhD scholarship Nicole Evangelidis, MPH, MPhil, Research Associate, is a public health researcher at the Centre for Kidney Research at the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. She has experience in chronic disease prevention, patient-centered research, and the development of core outcome sets. She is interested in diet and lifestyle changes for the prevention of chronic disease. She undertook key aspects of the evidence review for the KDIGO guideline, including data extraction, synthesis, and preparation of evidence summaries. Ms. Evangelidis declared no competing interests. Brydee Cashmore, MPH, Research Associate, has a Master of Public Health from the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, as well as a bachelor s degree in science, a double major in physiology and human nutrition, a graduate diploma in science in psychology, and a postgraduate diploma in science in human nutrition from Massey University, New Zealand. She is a researcher at the Centre for Kidney Research at the University of Sydney, where she undertakes evidence review and synthesis for Cochrane Kidney and Transplant and the KHA-CARI Guideline group. She was involved across all of the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Manage- ment of Blood Pressure in CKD subtopics and undertook key aspects of the evidence review, including data extraction, evidence synthesis, and the writing and preparation of evi- dence summaries in MAGICapp.


She was involved across all of the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Manage- ment of Blood Pressure in CKD subtopics and undertook key aspects of the evidence review, including data extraction, evidence synthesis, and the writing and preparation of evi- dence summaries in MAGICapp. Ms. Cashmore declared no competing interests. Rabia Khalid, MND, Research Associate, graduated from the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia, in 2016 with a Master of Nutrition and Dietetics. Since then, she has been working as an accredited practicing dietitian in the community. In 2017, she started her additional role as a researcher at the Centre for Kidney Research, where her role has ranged from helping with guideline development to assisting with and coordinating clinical trials. Her passion lies in increasing the availability of evidence-based knowledge for the general public. Ms. Khalid declared no competing interests. Claris Teng, BPsych (Hons), Research Associate, is a PhD candidate at the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. Her thesis title is Perspectives and preferences of people with dementia and their caregivers about long-term care: estab- lishing a person-centered framework for decision-making. As a research associate, Ms. Teng undertook key aspects of the evidence review for the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Blood Pressure in CKD, including data extraction, synthesis, and preparation of ev- idence summaries. Ms. Teng declared no competing interests. www.kidney-international.org biographic and disclosure information Acknowledgments A special debt of gratitude is owed to the KDIGO Co-Chairs, Michel Jadoul and Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, and immedi- ate past Co-Chair David C. Wheeler, for their invaluable oversight throughout the development of this guideline. In particular, we thank Jonathan Craig, Martin Howell, David Tunnicliffe, and the ERT members for their substantial contribution to the rigorous assessment of the available evi- dence.


In particular, we thank Jonathan Craig, Martin Howell, David Tunnicliffe, and the ERT members for their substantial contribution to the rigorous assessment of the available evi- dence. We acknowledge Marcello Tonelli and Lyubov Lytvyn for their guidance on strengthening the linkage between the recommendations and the evidence base and for striving to improve on the format to better meet KDIGO s aspiration for a living guideline that is consistently kept up-to-date, and above all, useful and informative to practicing clinicians. We would also like to acknowledge Debbie Maizels for her vital contributions to the artwork presented in this guideline. Lastly, we acknowledge Joseph T. Flynn for his contributions to Chapter 5: Blood pressure management in children with CKD. We are especially grateful to the Work Group members for their expertise throughout the entire process of literature review, data extraction, meeting participation, and the critical writing and editing of the statements and rationale, which made the publication of this guideline possible. The generous gift of their time and dedication is greatly appreciated. Finally, and on behalf of the Work Group, we gratefully acknowledge the careful assessment of the draft guideline by public external reviewers. The Work Group considered all of the valuable comments made, and where appropriate, suggested changes were incorporated into the nal publication.


The Work Group considered all of the valuable comments made, and where appropriate, suggested changes were incorporated into the nal publication. The following individuals and organizations provided feedback during the public review of the draft guideline: Baris Afsar, Ahmed Akl, Laith Al-Rabadi, B lent Altun, Pablo Amair, Mustafa Arici, Lynda Azzouz, George L. Bakris, Rommel Bataclan, Zineb Benjelloun, Patrick Biggar, Juliana Borborema, Victor Botero, Jordi Bover, British and Irish Hypertension Society, Lawrence Byrd, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Indranil Dasgupta, Ian H. de Boer, Filippo De Stefano, Goffredo Del Rosso, Laura Fiersens, Joseph T. Flynn, Eleni Frangou, Daniel Froment, Alvaro Garcia, Osama Gheith, Richard J. Glassock, Claudia Fernanda Leiva Gomez, Manuel Gorostidi, Remi Goupil, William E. Haley, Tess Harris, Clarissa Havel, Lai Seong Hooi, Fan Hook Hou, Chiu- Ching Huang, R meyza Turan Kazancio glu, Said Khamis, Arif Khwaja, Bernhard Karl Kr mer, Craig B. Langman, Edgar V. Lerma, Lingyun Li, Jose Lima, Jos Ant nio Lopes, Fran- cesca Mallamaci, Partha Pratim Mandal, Roberto Ramirez Marmolejo, Michel Marre, Sandro Mazzaferro, Mehran Raghib Motlagh, Eugen Mota, Martin Myers, Narcisse Oue- draogo, Alberto Ortiz, Fabio Paglialonga, Sa_ Ime Paydas, Carmen A. Peralta, Carlos Eduardo Poli-de-Figueiredo, Harun Rashid, Maria Fernanda Slon Roblero, Nicolas Rob- erto Robles, Cibele Isaac Rodrigues, Patrick Rossignol, Luis M. Ruilope, Rafael Santamaria, Nigar Sekercioglu, Deepak Sharma, Alexander Shutov, Habib Skhiri, Andrew Smyth, Sandra J. Taler, Ekamol Tantisattamo, Nhan Tran, UK Renal Association, Markus van der Giet, Janelle Vicknair, Ji-Guang Wang, Daniel E. Weiner, Paul K. Whelton, Chi Pang Wen, Helen Yeh, Carmine Zoccali, and Muhammed Zubair. Participation in the review does not necessarily consti- tute endorsement of the content of this report by the above individuals or the organizations or institutions they represent. Alfred K. Cheung, MD Johannes F.E. Mann, MD Work Group Co-Chairs acknowledgments www.kidney-international.org References 1.


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