Instruction: Low-salt and Mediterranean diets are rec-ommended for what purpose?

Output: stroke risk reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Low-salt and Mediterranean diets are rec-ommended for what purpose?. ### Response: stroke risk reduction.


Instruction: What are diets rec-ommended for?

Output: stroke risk reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are diets rec-ommended for?. ### Response: stroke risk reduction.


Instruction: Patients with stroke are especially at risk for what?

Output: sedentary and prolonged sitting behaviors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with stroke are especially at risk for what?. ### Response: sedentary and prolonged sitting behaviors.


Instruction: What should patients be encouraged to do?

Output: perform physical activity in a super-vised and safe manner

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should patients be encouraged to do?. ### Response: perform physical activity in a super-vised and safe manner.


Instruction: Diet, exercise, and medication compliance requires more than what?

Output: simple advice or a brochure from their physician

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Diet, exercise, and medication compliance requires more than what?. ### Response: simple advice or a brochure from their physician.


Instruction: What are programs that use theoretical models of behavior change, proven techniques, and multidisciplinary support needed for?

Output: Changing patient behaviors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are programs that use theoretical models of behavior change, proven techniques, and multidisciplinary support needed for?. ### Response: Changing patient behaviors.


Instruction: Antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, is recommended for nearly how many people?

Output: 5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Antithrombotic therapy, including antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, is recommended for nearly how many people?. ### Response: 5.


Instruction: Who made decisions regarding the priority of topics to discuss at the focus groups?

Output: the Work Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who made decisions regarding the priority of topics to discuss at the focus groups?. ### Response: the Work Group.


Instruction: What was considered during guideline development?

Output: These limitations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was considered during guideline development?. ### Response: These limitations.


Instruction: Who managed the recruitment for part icipation in the focus groups?

Output: Champions and VA and DoD Leadership

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who managed the recruitment for part icipation in the focus groups?. ### Response: Champions and VA and DoD Leadership.


Instruction: Where did the coordinators assist?

Output: at the facilities at which the focus groups took place

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where did the coordinators assist?. ### Response: at the facilities at which the focus groups took place.


Instruction: What did the Champions and VA and DoD Leadership manage?

Output: Recruitment for part icipation in the focus groups

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the Champions and VA and DoD Leadership manage?. ### Response: Recruitment for part icipation in the focus groups.


Instruction: What were important to patients with HTN?

Output: aspects of care

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What were important to patients with HTN?. ### Response: aspects of care.


Instruction: What was important to the Work Group?

Output: patient values and perspectives

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was important to the Work Group?. ### Response: patient values and perspectives.


Instruction: What was added to the Work Group's understanding of patient values and perspectives?

Output: The following ideas and suggestions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was added to the Work Group's understanding of patient values and perspectives?. ### Response: The following ideas and suggestions.


Instruction: Where can additional details regarding patient focus group methods and findings be found?

Output: Appendix B

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where can additional details regarding patient focus group methods and findings be found?. ### Response: Appendix B.


Instruction: How long does it take for a person to have a specialist assessment of swallo wing?

Output: 24 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take for a person to have a specialist assessment of swallo wing?. ### Response: 24 hours.


Instruction: How long is it advisable to have the specialist assessment within 24 hours of admission?

Output: 72  hours aft erwards

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is it advisable to have the specialist assessment within 24 hours of admission?. ### Response: 72  hours aft erwards.


Instruction: What do people who suspect aspiration on specialist assessment need to do?

Output: • re-assessed and consider ed for instrumental e xamination • referred for dietar y advice

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do people who suspect aspiration on specialist assessment need to do?. ### Response: • re-assessed and consider ed for instrumental e xamination • referred for dietar y advice.


Instruction: How long does it take for a person to undergo dietar y modification?

Output: 3 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take for a person to undergo dietar y modification?. ### Response: 3 days.


Instruction: What should be re-assessed and considered for instrumental e xamination?

Output: People wit h suspect ed aspiration on specialist assessment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be re-assessed and considered for instrumental e xamination?. ### Response: People wit h suspect ed aspiration on specialist assessment.


Instruction: How should people wit h acut e stroke be treated?

Output: People wit h acut e stroke who ar e unable t o tak e adequat e nutrition, fluids and medication orally

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How should people wit h acut e stroke be treated?. ### Response: People wit h acut e stroke who ar e unable t o tak e adequat e nutrition, fluids and medication orally.


Instruction: What should be considered if a patient is unable to take adequat e nutrition, fluids and medication orally?

Output: receiv e tube f eeding wit h a nasogastric tube wit hin 2 4 hours of admission unless t hey have had t hrombolysis • be consider ed for a nasal bridle tube or gastr ostomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be considered if a patient is unable to take adequat e nutrition, fluids and medication orally?. ### Response: receiv e tube f eeding wit h a nasogastric tube wit hin 2 4 hours of admission unless t hey have had t hrombolysis • be consider ed for a nasal bridle tube or gastr ostomy.


Instruction: How many hours of admission is required for a nasogastric tube to be used?

Output: 2 4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many hours of admission is required for a nasogastric tube to be used?. ### Response: 2 4.


Instruction: What should a person be considered for if they are unable to tolerate a nasogastric tube?

Output: nasal bridle tube or gastr ostomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should a person be considered for if they are unable to tolerate a nasogastric tube?. ### Response: nasal bridle tube or gastr ostomy.


Instruction: What should be referred to an appr opriat ely trained healt hcare professional?

Output: detailed nutritional assessment, individualised advice and monit oring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be referred to an appr opriat ely trained healt hcare professional?. ### Response: detailed nutritional assessment, individualised advice and monit oring.


Instruction: What should all hospital inpatients on admission have their oral medication r eviewed to amend eit her formulation or t he route of administration?

Output: malnutrition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should all hospital inpatients on admission have their oral medication r eviewed to amend eit her formulation or t he route of administration?. ### Response: malnutrition.


Instruction: On admission f or malnutrition and t he risk of what?

Output: malnutrition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: On admission f or malnutrition and t he risk of what?. ### Response: malnutrition.


Instruction: R epeat scr eening w eekly f o how often?

Output: inpatient s

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: R epeat scr eening w eekly f o how often?. ### Response: inpatient s.


Instruction: What is the Malnutrition Univ ersal Scr eening T ool?

Output: MUST

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Malnutrition Univ ersal Scr eening T ool?. ### Response: MUST.


Instruction: What should be used t he lik elihood of futur e impair ed nutrient intak e?

Output: The Malnutrition Univ ersal Scr eening T ool

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be used t he lik elihood of futur e impair ed nutrient intak e?. ### Response: The Malnutrition Univ ersal Scr eening T ool.


Instruction: What should be used to do t his?

Output: Scr eening T ool

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be used to do t his?. ### Response: Scr eening T ool.


Instruction: What can dysphagia, poor oral healt h and r educed ability to self-feed affect?

Output: nutrition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can dysphagia, poor oral healt h and r educed ability to self-feed affect?. ### Response: nutrition.


Instruction: What will affect nutrition in people with stroke?

Output: unable t o tak e adequat e nutrition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What will affect nutrition in people with stroke?. ### Response: unable t o tak e adequat e nutrition.


Instruction: What is the name of the book that diagnosed and initial management in o ver 16s?

Output: NG128

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the book that diagnosed and initial management in o ver 16s?. ### Response: NG128.


Instruction: What was the last updat ed 13 April 2022?

Output: Page 18of 48

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the last updat ed 13 April 2022?. ### Response: Page 18of 48.


Instruction: How many pages of 48 were updated?

Output: 18

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many pages of 48 were updated?. ### Response: 18.


Instruction: What is a common apy?

Output: ischemic time, from onset of symptoms to successful reperfusion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a common apy?. ### Response: ischemic time, from onset of symptoms to successful reperfusion.


Instruction: What should attention be focused on reducing?

Output: the total ischemic time

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should attention be focused on reducing?. ### Response: the total ischemic time.


Instruction: Several factors contribute to what?

Output: delays

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Several factors contribute to what?. ### Response: delays.


Instruction: What should prompt earlier use of fibrino-lytic therapy coupled with immediate transfer for patients?

Output: clinical and time-related factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should prompt earlier use of fibrino-lytic therapy coupled with immediate transfer for patients?. ### Response: clinical and time-related factors.


Instruction: What are areas for continued research?

Output: prehospital EMS protocols

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are areas for continued research?. ### Response: prehospital EMS protocols.


Instruction: What should regional systems do to track, analyze, and report all STEMI and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events?

Output: process-improvement program

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should regional systems do to track, analyze, and report all STEMI and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events?. ### Response: process-improvement program.


Instruction: What is the purpose of reporting all STEMI and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events?

Output: process-improvement program

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the purpose of reporting all STEMI and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest events?. ### Response: process-improvement program.


Instruction: What are the indications for and timing of transfer for angiography with a view toward revascularization of non-high-risk patients?

Output: still debated

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the indications for and timing of transfer for angiography with a view toward revascularization of non-high-risk patients?. ### Response: still debated.


Instruction: What are non-high-risk patients after successful fibrinolysis still debated?

Output: revascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are non-high-risk patients after successful fibrinolysis still debated?. ### Response: revascularization.


Instruction: What has increased activation of this pathway?

Output: the evidence base for its justification is still limited

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has increased activation of this pathway?. ### Response: the evidence base for its justification is still limited.


Instruction: The evidence base for its justification is still limited.

Output: Antithrombotic Therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The evidence base for its justification is still limited.. ### Response: Antithrombotic Therapy.


Instruction: What can be challenging for patients with STEMI?

Output: The optimum choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and antico-agulant agents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be challenging for patients with STEMI?. ### Response: The optimum choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and antico-agulant agents.


Instruction: What can be challenging?

Output: The optimum choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and antico-agulant agents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be challenging?. ### Response: The optimum choice of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and antico-agulant agents.


Instruction: What has been highlighted by the experience with clopidogrel in patients with ACS?

Output: Individual genetic variability in drug absorption, metabolism, and effectiveness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been highlighted by the experience with clopidogrel in patients with ACS?. ### Response: Individual genetic variability in drug absorption, metabolism, and effectiveness.


Instruction: The risks of bleeding also may vary across what?

Output: racial and ethnic groups

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The risks of bleeding also may vary across what?. ### Response: racial and ethnic groups.


Instruction: Platelet function testing and genetic screening for clopidogrel metabolism are uncertain in what phase of STEMI care?

Output: acute phase

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Platelet function testing and genetic screening for clopidogrel metabolism are uncertain in what phase of STEMI care?. ### Response: acute phase.


Instruction: What is needed to determine the use of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and novel factor Xa and IIa antagonists?

Output: More information specific to patients with STEMI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is needed to determine the use of prasugrel, ticagrelor, and novel factor Xa and IIa antagonists?. ### Response: More information specific to patients with STEMI.


Instruction: What is a com-bination antithrombotic therapy called?

Output: triple

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a com-bination antithrombotic therapy called?. ### Response: triple.


Instruction: What are the efficacy and safety of?

Output: com-bination (“triple”) antithrombotic therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the efficacy and safety of?. ### Response: com-bination (“triple”) antithrombotic therapy.


Instruction: How are radial versus femoral artery accesses evaluated?

Output: Bleeding rates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are radial versus femoral artery accesses evaluated?. ### Response: Bleeding rates.


Instruction: What is femoral artery access for PCI warranted for further study?

Output: Bleeding rates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is femoral artery access for PCI warranted for further study?. ### Response: Bleeding rates.


Instruction: What have efforts to counter-act the “no-reflow” phenomenon and to limit myocardial reperfusion injury had limited success?

Output: manual aspiration thrombectomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What have efforts to counter-act the “no-reflow” phenomenon and to limit myocardial reperfusion injury had limited success?. ### Response: manual aspiration thrombectomy.


Instruction: The value of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with anterior STEMI has been ques-tioned.

Output: Reperfusion InjuryAside from manual aspiration thrombectomy, efforts to counter -act the “no-reflow” phenomenon and to limit myocardial reper -fusion injury have had limited success. The value of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with anterior STEMI has been ques-tioned.223

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The value of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with anterior STEMI has been ques-tioned.. ### Response: Reperfusion InjuryAside from manual aspiration thrombectomy, efforts to counter -act the “no-reflow” phenomenon and to limit myocardial reper -fusion injury have had limited success. The value of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with anterior STEMI has been ques-tioned.223.


Instruction: What has been ques-tioned with anterior STEMI?

Output: aspiration thrombectomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been ques-tioned with anterior STEMI?. ### Response: aspiration thrombectomy.


Instruction: What has remote ischemic preconditioning engendered?

Output: 223

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has remote ischemic preconditioning engendered?. ### Response: 223.


Instruction: What is the name of the VA ESP project no. 05-225?

Output: BeneﬁtsandHarmsofTreatingBloodPressureinOlderAdults:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the VA ESP project no. 05-225?. ### Response: BeneﬁtsandHarmsofTreatingBloodPressureinOlderAdults:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.


Instruction: Who is a member of the Clinical GuidelinesCommittee of the American College of Physicians?

Output: Qaseem A, Snow V, Owens DK, Shekelle P

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is a member of the Clinical GuidelinesCommittee of the American College of Physicians?. ### Response: Qaseem A, Snow V, Owens DK, Shekelle P.


Instruction: What are the guidance statements of theAmerican College of Physicians?

Output: summary of methods

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the guidance statements of theAmerican College of Physicians?. ### Response: summary of methods.


Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review of guidance statements?

Output: SCOPE Study Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review of guidance statements?. ### Response: SCOPE Study Group.


Instruction: When was the last issue of Ann InternMed published?

Output: 2010

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last issue of Ann InternMed published?. ### Response: 2010.


Instruction: What is the name of the open-label randomised trial for patients with hypertension?

Output: HypertensionOptimalTreatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the open-label randomised trial for patients with hypertension?. ### Response: HypertensionOptimalTreatment.


Instruction: How many patients were enrolled in the 2009 trial?

Output: 1968

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were enrolled in the 2009 trial?. ### Response: 1968.


Instruction: What was the primary outcome of the 1998 trial in hypertension patients?

Output: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the primary outcome of the 1998 trial in hypertension patients?. ### Response: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin.


Instruction: What is the name of the Japanese trial toassess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive pa-tients?

Output: JATOS Study Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Japanese trial toassess optimal systolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive pa-tients?. ### Response: JATOS Study Group.


Instruction: What does Systolic Hypertension in China(Syst-China) Collaborative Group) do?

Output: Chinese trial on isolatedsystolic hypertension in the elderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Systolic Hypertension in China(Syst-China) Collaborative Group) do?. ### Response: Chinese trial on isolatedsystolic hypertension in the elderly.


Instruction: What is the name of the EuropeanWorking Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial?

Output: Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyt-tere M, et al. Mortality and morbidity results from the EuropeanWorking Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial. Lancet.1985;1:1349-54

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the EuropeanWorking Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial?. ### Response: Brixko P, Bulpitt C, Clement D, Deruyt-tere M, et al. Mortality and morbidity results from the EuropeanWorking Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly trial. Lancet.1985;1:1349-54.


Instruction: When was the Lancet 1:1349-54?

Output: 1985

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Lancet 1:1349-54?. ### Response: 1985.


Instruction: What is the name of the HYVET Study Group?

Output: Treatment of hypertension in patients80 years of age or older

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the HYVET Study Group?. ### Response: Treatment of hypertension in patients80 years of age or older.


Instruction: How old are patients treated for hypertension?

Output: 80 years of age or older

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How old are patients treated for hypertension?. ### Response: 80 years of age or older.


Instruction: What year was the N Engl J Med 358:1887-98?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year was the N Engl J Med 358:1887-98?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What is the name of the SCOPE Study Group?

Output: TheStudyonCognitionandPrognosisinthe Elderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the SCOPE Study Group?. ### Response: TheStudyonCognitionandPrognosisinthe Elderly.


Instruction: What are the principal results of a randomized double-blindintervention trial?

Output: TheStudyonCognitionandPrognosisinthe Elderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the principal results of a randomized double-blindintervention trial?. ### Response: TheStudyonCognitionandPrognosisinthe Elderly.


Instruction: What is the name of the Sys-tolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program?

Output: SHEP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Sys-tolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program?. ### Response: SHEP.


Instruction: When did the SHEP CooperativeResearch Group publish their results?

Output: 1991

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did the SHEP CooperativeResearch Group publish their results?. ### Response: 1991.


Instruction: What is a risk associated with blood pressure variability in older people?

Output: hypertension

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a risk associated with blood pressure variability in older people?. ### Response: hypertension.


Instruction: What is the name of the trial that evaluated drugs for blood pressure variability?

Output: Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the trial that evaluated drugs for blood pressure variability?. ### Response: Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial.


Instruction: What is a potential risk associated with the use of drugs in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial?

Output: blood pressure variability

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a potential risk associated with the use of drugs in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe trial?. ### Response: blood pressure variability.


Instruction: When did PLoS One publish it's results?

Output: 2014

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did PLoS One publish it's results?. ### Response: 2014.


Instruction: What does creatine kinase-MB not add to a negative troponin in the evaluation of chest pain?

Output: benefit

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does creatine kinase-MB not add to a negative troponin in the evaluation of chest pain?. ### Response: benefit.


Instruction: When did Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30:188-90?

Output: 2013

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30:188-90?. ### Response: 2013.


Instruction: What does Newby LK, Roe MT, Chen AY, et al. have in common?

Output: troponin measurements

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Newby LK, Roe MT, Chen AY, et al. have in common?. ### Response: troponin measurements.


Instruction: What is the frequency and clinical implications of discordant creatine kinase-MB and troponin measurements in acute coronary syndromes?

Output: Frequency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the frequency and clinical implications of discordant creatine kinase-MB and troponin measurements in acute coronary syndromes?. ### Response: Frequency.


Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:312–8. 163?

Output: Frequency and clinical implications of discordant creatine kinase-MB and troponin measurements in acute coronary syndromes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:312–8. 163?. ### Response: Frequency and clinical implications of discordant creatine kinase-MB and troponin measurements in acute coronary syndromes.


Instruction: Kavsak PA, MacRae AR, Newman AM, et al. evaluated the utility of the early markers myoglobin and what other isoform?

Output: CKMB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Kavsak PA, MacRae AR, Newman AM, et al. evaluated the utility of the early markers myoglobin and what other isoform?. ### Response: CKMB.


Instruction: What are the early markers for evaluating patients with possible acute myocardial infarction?

Output: myoglobin and CKMB isoforms

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the early markers for evaluating patients with possible acute myocardial infarction?. ### Response: myoglobin and CKMB isoforms.


Instruction: When did Clin Chim Acta publish a 380:213–6?

Output: 2007

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Clin Chim Acta publish a 380:213–6?. ### Response: 2007.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares serial ver -sus single time-point measurements of cardiac infarct size?

Output: Cardiac magnetic resonance imag-ing study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares serial ver -sus single time-point measurements of cardiac infarct size?. ### Response: Cardiac magnetic resonance imag-ing study.


Instruction: How long after myocardial infarction does Troponin-I concentration correlate with infarct size and presence of micro-vascular obstruction?

Output: 72 h

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long after myocardial infarction does Troponin-I concentration correlate with infarct size and presence of micro-vascular obstruction?. ### Response: 72 h.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares directly serial ver -sus measurements of cardiac troponin T?

Output: CAPTURE Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares directly serial ver -sus measurements of cardiac troponin T?. ### Response: CAPTURE Investigators.


Instruction: What is the prognostic value of a sensitive assay for cardiac troponin I?

Output: improved assay performance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the prognostic value of a sensitive assay for cardiac troponin I?. ### Response: improved assay performance.


Instruction: When did the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 issue 55:2118-24?

Output: 2010

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 issue 55:2118-24?. ### Response: 2010.


Instruction: What is the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes?

Output: Growth differentiation factor 15

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes?. ### Response: Growth differentiation factor 15.


Instruction: When did N Engl J Med. 2001 345:1014–21?

Output: 168

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did N Engl J Med. 2001 345:1014–21?. ### Response: 168.


Instruction: What does N-terminal B -type Natri-uretic Peptide assessment provide?

Output: incremental prognostic information

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does N-terminal B -type Natri-uretic Peptide assessment provide?. ### Response: incremental prognostic information.


Instruction: What provides incremental prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes and normal troponin T values upon admission?

Output: N-terminal B-type natri-uretic peptide assessment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What provides incremental prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes and normal troponin T values upon admission?. ### Response: N-terminal B-type natri-uretic peptide assessment.


Instruction: What does J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008:51:1188-95?

Output: incremental prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes and normal troponin T values upon admission

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008:51:1188-95?. ### Response: incremental prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes and normal troponin T values upon admission.


Instruction: Who performed a comparative analysis of the predictive value of C-reactive protein and troponine T in unstable angina?

Output: CAPTURE Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who performed a comparative analysis of the predictive value of C-reactive protein and troponine T in unstable angina?. ### Response: CAPTURE Investigators.


Instruction: What is a comparative analysis of patients with unstable angina?

Output: ictive value of C-reactive protein and troponin T

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a comparative analysis of patients with unstable angina?. ### Response: ictive value of C-reactive protein and troponin T.


Instruction: What does Chimeric c7E3 AntiPlatelet Therapy in Unstable angina REfractory to standard treatment trial?

Output: CAPTURE Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Chimeric c7E3 AntiPlatelet Therapy in Unstable angina REfractory to standard treatment trial?. ### Response: CAPTURE Investigators.


Instruction: When did J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1535–42?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:1535–42?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What is long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome?

Output: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome and identifies high-risk patients across the range of troponin values

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome?. ### Response: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein predicts long-term mortality after acute coronary syndrome and identifies high-risk patients across the range of troponin values.


Instruction: What is identified as high-risk patients across the range of troponin values?

Output: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is identified as high-risk patients across the range of troponin values?. ### Response: Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein.


Instruction: When did J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2061–7. 171. Wollert KC, Kempf T, Lagerqvist B, et al. use growth differentiation factor 15 for what?

Output: risk stratification and selection of an invasive treatment strategy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:2061–7. 171. Wollert KC, Kempf T, Lagerqvist B, et al. use growth differentiation factor 15 for what?. ### Response: risk stratification and selection of an invasive treatment strategy.


Instruction: What is an invasive treatment strategy in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome?

Output: Growth differentiation factor 15

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an invasive treatment strategy in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome?. ### Response: Growth differentiation factor 15.


Instruction: What is the name of the prospective evaluation in the community?

Output: Redefinition of myocardial infarc-tion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the prospective evaluation in the community?. ### Response: Redefinition of myocardial infarc-tion.


Instruction: Who prepared the US for high-sensitivity car-diac troponin assays?

Output: Korley FK, Jaffe AS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who prepared the US for high-sensitivity car-diac troponin assays?. ### Response: Korley FK, Jaffe AS.


Instruction: What are states for high-sensitivity car -diac troponin assays?

Output: normal troponin T values

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are states for high-sensitivity car -diac troponin assays?. ### Response: normal troponin T values.


Instruction: What is J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1753–8?

Output: Preparing the United States for high-sensitivity car -diac troponin assays

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:1753–8?. ### Response: Preparing the United States for high-sensitivity car -diac troponin assays.


Instruction: Pheochromocytoma/paragangliomaS5.4-110.1%-0.6% Resistant hypertension; paroxysmal hypertension or crisis superimposed on sustained hypertension?

Output: paroxysmal hypertension or crisis superimposed on sustained hypertension; “spells,” BP lability, headache, sweating, palpitations, pallor; positive family history of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma; adrenal incidentaloma

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Pheochromocytoma/paragangliomaS5.4-110.1%-0.6% Resistant hypertension; paroxysmal hypertension or crisis superimposed on sustained hypertension?. ### Response: paroxysmal hypertension or crisis superimposed on sustained hypertension; “spells,” BP lability, headache, sweating, palpitations, pallor; positive family history of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma; adrenal incidentaloma.


Instruction: Positive family history of what?

Output: pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Positive family history of what?. ### Response: pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.


Instruction: What is Cushing’s syndrome?

Output: S5.4-12<0.1%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Cushing’s syndrome?. ### Response: S5.4-12<0.1%.


Instruction: What is the most common cause of rapid weight gain?

Output: depression

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the most common cause of rapid weight gain?. ### Response: depression.


Instruction: How long is a dexamethasone suppression test?

Output: 1-mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is a dexamethasone suppression test?. ### Response: 1-mg.


Instruction: What is hirsutism?

Output: Overnight 1-mg dexamethas

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is hirsutism?. ### Response: Overnight 1-mg dexamethas.


Instruction: What is urine free cortisol excretion (preferably multiple)?

Output: midnight salivary cortisol

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is urine free cortisol excretion (preferably multiple)?. ### Response: midnight salivary cortisol.


Instruction: When was the ahajournals.org downloaded?

Output: May 3, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the ahajournals.org downloaded?. ### Response: May 3, 2023.


Instruction: What is the ischemic stroke rate in patients with progressive stroke symp-toms?

Output: 6.7%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the ischemic stroke rate in patients with progressive stroke symp-toms?. ### Response: 6.7%.


Instruction: What was the 90-day mortality rate in SAMMPRIS patients?

Output: 11.2%.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the 90-day mortality rate in SAMMPRIS patients?. ### Response: 11.2%..


Instruction: What percentage of SAMMPRIS patients had a prior stroke or TIA while on antithrombotic therapy?

Output: 351

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of SAMMPRIS patients had a prior stroke or TIA while on antithrombotic therapy?. ### Response: 351.


Instruction: What percentage for aggressive medical management versus 24% for PTAS?

Output: 15%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage for aggressive medical management versus 24% for PTAS?. ### Response: 15%.


Instruction: How many RCTs have compared PTAS with medi-cal therapy for stroke prevention in patients with recent stroke or TIA attributable to 70% to 99% stenosis?

Output: Three

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many RCTs have compared PTAS with medi-cal therapy for stroke prevention in patients with recent stroke or TIA attributable to 70% to 99% stenosis?. ### Response: Three.


Instruction: What is considered investigational in this population?

Output: PTAS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is considered investigational in this population?. ### Response: PTAS.


Instruction: What percentage of TIA is attributed to stenosis?

Output: 70% to 99%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of TIA is attributed to stenosis?. ### Response: 70% to 99%.


Instruction: What stenting system was used in the SAMMPRIS trial?

Output: Wingspan

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What stenting system was used in the SAMMPRIS trial?. ### Response: Wingspan.


Instruction: The VISSIT trial used what system?

Output: Pharos

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The VISSIT trial used what system?. ### Response: Pharos.


Instruction: Where did a single-center RCT take place?

Output: China

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where did a single-center RCT take place?. ### Response: China.


Instruction: How long did aspirin and clopidogrel last?

Output: 90 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did aspirin and clopidogrel last?. ### Response: 90 days.


Instruction: How many RCTs showed a higher 30-day rate of cerebrovascular events or death in the PTAS group?

Output: 3

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many RCTs showed a higher 30-day rate of cerebrovascular events or death in the PTAS group?. ### Response: 3.


Instruction: What group had a higher rate of cerebrovascular events or death than the medical group?

Output: PTAS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What group had a higher rate of cerebrovascular events or death than the medical group?. ### Response: PTAS.


Instruction: What was the benefit of PTAS beyond the periprocedural period?

Output: no

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the benefit of PTAS beyond the periprocedural period?. ### Response: no.


Instruction: Post hoc analyses of SAMMPRIS baseline characteristics failed to demonstrate what subgroup of patients?

Output: patients who ben-efited from PTAS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Post hoc analyses of SAMMPRIS baseline characteristics failed to demonstrate what subgroup of patients?. ### Response: patients who ben-efited from PTAS.


Instruction: What did VAST and VIST report no benefit of?

Output: PTAS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did VAST and VIST report no benefit of?. ### Response: PTAS.


Instruction: What was the name of the RCT that randomized patients with intracranial and extracranial posterior circulation stenosis to PTAS?

Output: VAST [Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial]

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the RCT that randomized patients with intracranial and extracranial posterior circulation stenosis to PTAS?. ### Response: VAST [Vertebral Artery Stenting Trial].


Instruction: What did therapy report no significant benefit of?

Output: PTAS beyond the periprocedural period

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did therapy report no significant benefit of?. ### Response: PTAS beyond the periprocedural period.


Instruction: What has no RCT directly compared PTAS with med-ical therapy in patients with symptomatic 50% to 69% stenosis?

Output: low rate of stroke

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has no RCT directly compared PTAS with med-ical therapy in patients with symptomatic 50% to 69% stenosis?. ### Response: low rate of stroke.


Instruction: What percentage of stenosis does PTAS not vary by?

Output: degree

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of stenosis does PTAS not vary by?. ### Response: degree.


Instruction: What is a high periprocedural risk?

Output: low rate of stroke on medical therapy in patients with 50% to 69% stenosis,360 high periprocedural risk, which does not vary by degree of stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a high periprocedural risk?. ### Response: low rate of stroke on medical therapy in patients with 50% to 69% stenosis,360 high periprocedural risk, which does not vary by degree of stenosis.


Instruction: How many patients were included in a large multicenter RCT?

Output: 1377

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were included in a large multicenter RCT?. ### Response: 1377.


Instruction: What percentage of patients had ICA stenosis?

Output: n=149

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of patients had ICA stenosis?. ### Response: n=149.


Instruction: Who had higher rates of stroke in patients with ICAS treated with extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass?

Output: patients with ≥70% intracranial middle cerebral artery (n=109) or ICA (n=149) stenosis and found higher rates of stroke in patients with ICAS treated with extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass than in those in the medical group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who had higher rates of stroke in patients with ICAS treated with extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass?. ### Response: patients with ≥70% intracranial middle cerebral artery (n=109) or ICA (n=149) stenosis and found higher rates of stroke in patients with ICAS treated with extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass than in those in the medical group.


Instruction: How are patients with ICAS treated?

Output: extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are patients with ICAS treated?. ### Response: extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass.


Instruction: What type of bypass is used for ICAS patients?

Output: extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of bypass is used for ICAS patients?. ### Response: extracranial-intracranial arterial bypass.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that examined the risk of complications following cerebral angiography in older patients?

Output: Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that examined the risk of complications following cerebral angiography in older patients?. ### Response: Nationwide Inpatient Sample.


Instruction: What was the national sample of older patients from 1999-2009 used for?

Output: diagnostic cerebral angiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the national sample of older patients from 1999-2009 used for?. ### Response: diagnostic cerebral angiography.


Instruction: What was the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1999-2009?

Output: Increased risk for complications following diagnostic cerebral angiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1999-2009?. ### Response: Increased risk for complications following diagnostic cerebral angiography.


Instruction: What is the J Clin Neurosci. 2016:32:109-114?

Output: diagnostic cerebral angiography in older patients: trends from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999-2009). J Clin Neurosci. 2016;32:109–114. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.04.007 82

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the J Clin Neurosci. 2016:32:109-114?. ### Response: diagnostic cerebral angiography in older patients: trends from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999-2009). J Clin Neurosci. 2016;32:109–114. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2016.04.007 82.


Instruction: How many consecutive patients were evaluated for cerebral angiography?

Output: 19,826

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many consecutive patients were evaluated for cerebral angiography?. ### Response: 19,826.


Instruction: What is the evalua-tion of 19,826 consecutive patients?

Output: Complications of diagnostic cerebral angiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the evalua-tion of 19,826 consecutive patients?. ### Response: Complications of diagnostic cerebral angiography.


Instruction: What is the cost-effectiveness of CT angiography in work-up of patients with recent TIA or minor ischemic stroke?

Output: Suspected carotid artery stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the cost-effectiveness of CT angiography in work-up of patients with recent TIA or minor ischemic stroke?. ### Response: Suspected carotid artery stenosis.


Instruction: Radiology. 2010;256:585–597. doi:10.1148/radiol.10091157 85. Coutts SB, Moreau F, Asdaghi N, Boulanger JM, Camden MC, Campbell BCV, Demchuk.

Output: JAMA Neurol. 2019

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Radiology. 2010;256:585–597. doi:10.1148/radiol.10091157 85. Coutts SB, Moreau F, Asdaghi N, Boulanger JM, Camden MC, Campbell BCV, Demchuk.. ### Response: JAMA Neurol. 2019.


Instruction: What does DOUBT stand for?

Output: Diagnosis of Uncertain-Origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does DOUBT stand for?. ### Response: Diagnosis of Uncertain-Origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms.


Instruction: What is the name of the study group that studies the diagnosis of uncertain-origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms?

Output: DOUBT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study group that studies the diagnosis of uncertain-origin Benign Transient Neurological Symptoms?. ### Response: DOUBT.


Instruction: How is brain ischemia diagnosed in patients with lower-risk neurologic events?

Output: Rate and prognosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is brain ischemia diagnosed in patients with lower-risk neurologic events?. ### Response: Rate and prognosis.


Instruction: What is a term for persistent minor neurologic events?

Output: tran-sient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a term for persistent minor neurologic events?. ### Response: tran-sient.


Instruction: What is JAMA Neurol. 2019?

Output: 76:1439–1445

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is JAMA Neurol. 2019?. ### Response: 76:1439–1445.


Instruction: When was the file downloaded?

Output: April 28, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the file downloaded?. ### Response: April 28, 2023.


Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?

Output: Otto et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?. ### Response: Otto et al.


Instruction: What is a review of ther -apeutic options during pregnancy?

Output: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a review of ther -apeutic options during pregnancy?. ### Response: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.


Instruction: What is the usefulness of percutaneous balloon commissurotomy for?

Output: mitral stenosis during pregnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the usefulness of percutaneous balloon commissurotomy for?. ### Response: mitral stenosis during pregnancy.


Instruction: Iung B, Cormier B, Elias J, et al. What is an outcome of cardiovascular surgery?

Output: pregnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Iung B, Cormier B, Elias J, et al. What is an outcome of cardiovascular surgery?. ### Response: pregnancy.


Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review of the period 1984-1996?

Output: sur -gery and pregnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review of the period 1984-1996?. ### Response: sur -gery and pregnancy.


Instruction: What is Becker RM's title?

Output: Intracardiac surgery in pregnant women

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Becker RM's title?. ### Response: Intracardiac surgery in pregnant women.


Instruction: When was Intracardiac surgery performed in pregnant women?

Output: 1983

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was Intracardiac surgery performed in pregnant women?. ### Response: 1983.


Instruction: What is the long term outcome of mitral balloon valvuloplasty during pregnancies?

Output: 17 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the long term outcome of mitral balloon valvuloplasty during pregnancies?. ### Response: 17 years.


Instruction: How long does it take to achieve the long-term obstetric outcome and development?

Output: 17 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to achieve the long-term obstetric outcome and development?. ### Response: 17 years.


Instruction: How many years of obstetric outcome and childhood development?

Output: 17

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many years of obstetric outcome and childhood development?. ### Response: 17.


Instruction: Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30:86–90.

Output: 18

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Pak J Med Sci. 2014;30:86–90.. ### Response: 18.


Instruction: What is the name of the procedure used to treat rheumatic mitral stenosis in pregnant women?

Output: balloon mitral valvotomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the procedure used to treat rheumatic mitral stenosis in pregnant women?. ### Response: balloon mitral valvotomy.


Instruction: What is the name of the procedure performed during pregnancy?

Output: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the procedure performed during pregnancy?. ### Response: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.


Instruction: When was the last time a systematic review of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy was conducted?

Output: 1984–1996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last time a systematic review of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy was conducted?. ### Response: 1984–1996.


Instruction: What was the time period from 1984-1996?

Output: 1984–1996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the time period from 1984-1996?. ### Response: 1984–1996.


Instruction: What was the time period 1984-1996?

Output: 1984–1996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the time period 1984-1996?. ### Response: 1984–1996.


Instruction: What is the name of the journal published in 1998?

Output: Am J Obstet Gynecol

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the journal published in 1998?. ### Response: Am J Obstet Gynecol.


Instruction: How are left-sided heart valves evaluated in pregnant women?

Output: Echocardiographic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are left-sided heart valves evaluated in pregnant women?. ### Response: Echocardiographic.


Instruction: What is the name of the drug used to monitor anti-Xa in pregnant patients with mechanical prosthetic valves receiving low-molecular-weight heparin?

Output: peak or trough levels

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the drug used to monitor anti-Xa in pregnant patients with mechanical prosthetic valves receiving low-molecular-weight heparin?. ### Response: peak or trough levels.


Instruction: What are the results of the monitoring of anti-xa?

Output: peak or trough levels

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the results of the monitoring of anti-xa?. ### Response: peak or trough levels.


Instruction: Who is the author of the study?

Output: Vinayakumar D, Vinod GV, Madhavan S

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the author of the study?. ### Response: Vinayakumar D, Vinod GV, Madhavan S.


Instruction: What is the name of the data collection system used to study pregnancy outcomes in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves?

Output: United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the data collection system used to study pregnancy outcomes in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves?. ### Response: United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System.


Instruction: What does UKOSS stand for?

Output: United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does UKOSS stand for?. ### Response: United Kingdom Obstetric Surveillance System.


Instruction: When did BJOG issue 124:1411-9.

Output: 2017

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did BJOG issue 124:1411-9.. ### Response: 2017.


Instruction: What did van Hagen IM, Roos-Hesselink JW, Ruys TPE, et al. study?

Output: Pregnancy in women with a mechanical heart valve: data of the European Society of Cardi-ology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did van Hagen IM, Roos-Hesselink JW, Ruys TPE, et al. study?. ### Response: Pregnancy in women with a mechanical heart valve: data of the European Society of Cardi-ology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease.


Instruction: What is the European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease known as?

Output: ROPAC

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease known as?. ### Response: ROPAC.


Instruction: What is a systematic review and meta-analysis for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves?

Output: Anticoagulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a systematic review and meta-analysis for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves?. ### Response: Anticoagulation.


Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review and meta-analysis of mechanical heart valves?

Output: Anticoagulation for pregnant women

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the systematic review and meta-analysis of mechanical heart valves?. ### Response: Anticoagulation for pregnant women.


Instruction: What is Eur Heart J. 2017:38:1509-16?

Output: Anticoagulation for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Eur Heart J. 2017:38:1509-16?. ### Response: Anticoagulation for pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: a systematic review and meta-analysis.


Instruction: What has been shown to be associated with the likelihood of benefit from statin therapy for ASCVD risk reduction?

Output: e605CLINICAL STATEMENTS  AND GUIDELINES

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been shown to be associated with the likelihood of benefit from statin therapy for ASCVD risk reduction?. ### Response: e605CLINICAL STATEMENTS  AND GUIDELINES.


Instruction: What has superior discrimination and risk reclassification?

Output: Coronary artery calcium scoring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has superior discrimination and risk reclassification?. ### Response: Coronary artery calcium scoring.


Instruction: What has superior discrimination and risk reclassification as compared with other subclinical imaging mark-ers or biomarkers?

Output: Coronary artery calcium scoring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has superior discrimination and risk reclassification as compared with other subclinical imaging mark-ers or biomarkers?. ### Response: Coronary artery calcium scoring.


Instruction: What was strongly associated with 10-year ASCVD risk in a graded manner across age, sex and racial/ethnic groups?

Output: coronary artery calcium score

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was strongly associated with 10-year ASCVD risk in a graded manner across age, sex and racial/ethnic groups?. ### Response: coronary artery calcium score.


Instruction: What may refine ASCVD risk estimates among lower-risk women?

Output: Coronary artery cal-cium

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may refine ASCVD risk estimates among lower-risk women?. ### Response: Coronary artery cal-cium.


Instruction: What is needed to support its refinement?

Output: more data

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is needed to support its refinement?. ### Response: more data.


Instruction: What is needed to support its use in these subgroups?

Output: more data

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is needed to support its use in these subgroups?. ### Response: more data.


Instruction: A coronary artery calcium score of zero identifies indi-viduals at lower risk of ASCVD events and death over a 10-year period?

Output: statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A coronary artery calcium score of zero identifies indi-viduals at lower risk of ASCVD events and death over a 10-year period?. ### Response: statins.


Instruction: What do S2.2-15, S2.2-17, and S2.2-25 appear to derive little or no benefit from?

Output: statins for ASCVD risk reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do S2.2-15, S2.2-17, and S2.2-25 appear to derive little or no benefit from?. ### Response: statins for ASCVD risk reduction.


Instruction: What could reclassify a patient downward into a lower risk group?

Output: absence of coronary artery calcium

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What could reclassify a patient downward into a lower risk group?. ### Response: absence of coronary artery calcium.


Instruction: What does the absence of coronary artery calcium not rule out?

Output: noncalcified plaque

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the absence of coronary artery calcium not rule out?. ### Response: noncalcified plaque.


Instruction: What does not rule out noncalcified plaque?

Output: coronary artery calcium

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does not rule out noncalcified plaque?. ### Response: coronary artery calcium.


Instruction: What might be considered in refining risk for selected low risk adults?

Output: Coronary artery cal-cium

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What might be considered in refining risk for selected low risk adults?. ### Response: Coronary artery cal-cium.


Instruction: What is a history of premature coronary heart disease?

Output: strong family history

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a history of premature coronary heart disease?. ### Response: strong family history.


Instruction: What are risk estimation tools that incorporate both risk factors and coronary artery calcium for estimating 10-year CHD risk?

Output: S2.2-23 MESAS2.2-28 and Astro-CHARM (Astronaut Cardiovascular Health and Risk Modification)S2.2-29

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are risk estimation tools that incorporate both risk factors and coronary artery calcium for estimating 10-year CHD risk?. ### Response: S2.2-23 MESAS2.2-28 and Astro-CHARM (Astronaut Cardiovascular Health and Risk Modification)S2.2-29.


Instruction: What is not intended as a “screening” test for all?

Output: Coronary artery calcium measurement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not intended as a “screening” test for all?. ### Response: Coronary artery calcium measurement.


Instruction: What may be used in select adults to facilitate the clinician-patient risk discussion?

Output: Coronary artery calcium measurement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be used in select adults to facilitate the clinician-patient risk discussion?. ### Response: Coronary artery calcium measurement.


Instruction: What is the risk of ASCVD for those 40 to 59 years of age?

Output: ≥7.5%)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of ASCVD for those 40 to 59 years of age?. ### Response: ≥7.5%).


Instruction: What can be used to estimate a lifetime or 30-year risk of AsCVD?

Output: ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be used to estimate a lifetime or 30-year risk of AsCVD?. ### Response: ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator.


Instruction: Younger individuals often have low estimated 10-year risk, but the presence of at least how many major factors is required to have what?

Output: 1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Younger individuals often have low estimated 10-year risk, but the presence of at least how many major factors is required to have what?. ### Response: 1.


Instruction: How many major risk factors are present by middle age?

Output: 1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many major risk factors are present by middle age?. ### Response: 1.


Instruction: What is associated with increased lifetime ASCVD risk and reduced survival free of morbidity compared with those with optimal risk factors?

Output: coronary artery calcium score

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is associated with increased lifetime ASCVD risk and reduced survival free of morbidity compared with those with optimal risk factors?. ### Response: coronary artery calcium score.


Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator for 20 to 59 years of age?

Output: Calculation of lifetime risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator for 20 to 59 years of age?. ### Response: Calculation of lifetime risk.


Instruction: What may be reasonable to consider as a communication strategy for reinforcing adher -ence?

Output: Calculation of lifetime risk with the ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be reasonable to consider as a communication strategy for reinforcing adher -ence?. ### Response: Calculation of lifetime risk with the ACC/AHA 30-year/lifetime risk esti-mator.


Instruction: What is NICE 2018?

Output: All rights reserved

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is NICE 2018?. ### Response: All rights reserved.


Instruction: What are the Outcomes No of Participants (studies)?

Output: Quality of the evidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the Outcomes No of Participants (studies)?. ### Response: Quality of the evidence.


Instruction: The evidence (GRADE) Anticipated absolute effects Risk with primary +/ - secondary care Risk difference with MDTc (95% CI) Prescribed ACE -I 154 (1 study) 12 months  LOWa,b due to risk of bias, imprecision and what else?

Output: indirectness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The evidence (GRADE) Anticipated absolute effects Risk with primary +/ - secondary care Risk difference with MDTc (95% CI) Prescribed ACE -I 154 (1 study) 12 months  LOWa,b due to risk of bias, imprecision and what else?. ### Response: indirectness.


Instruction: Why was LOWa,b downgraded?

Output: risk of bias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why was LOWa,b downgraded?. ### Response: risk of bias.


Instruction: Why was imprecision RR 1.14?

Output: risk of bias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why was imprecision RR 1.14?. ### Response: risk of bias.


Instruction: What was the risk of bias?

Output: VERY LOW

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the risk of bias?. ### Response: VERY LOW.


Instruction: What percentage of the evidence was at high risk of bias?

Output: majority

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of the evidence was at high risk of bias?. ### Response: majority.


Instruction: How many increments were downgraded if the majority of evidence were at very high risk?

Output: 2 increments

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many increments were downgraded if the majority of evidence were at very high risk?. ### Response: 2 increments.


Instruction: What percentage increments are upgraded when the confidence interval cross 1 MID?

Output: one increment as confidence interval cross 1 MID or 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage increments are upgraded when the confidence interval cross 1 MID?. ### Response: one increment as confidence interval cross 1 MID or 2.


Instruction: How many increments as the confidence interval crosses both MID and MID?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many increments as the confidence interval crosses both MID and MID?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: What is the difference between a long MDT clinic and a cardiology clinic?

Output: high risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between a long MDT clinic and a cardiology clinic?. ### Response: high risk.


Instruction: What is another term for Quality of the evidence?

Output: GRADE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another term for Quality of the evidence?. ### Response: GRADE.


Instruction: What is the CI for Anticipated absolute effects?

Output: 95%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the CI for Anticipated absolute effects?. ### Response: 95%.


Instruction: How many hospitalisations were there in 1 study?

Output: 234

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many hospitalisations were there in 1 study?. ### Response: 234.


Instruction: What is the risk of bias rate ratio?

Output: 0.18

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of bias rate ratio?. ### Response: 0.18.


Instruction: How many fewer admissions per 100 0?

Output: 524

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many fewer admissions per 100 0?. ### Response: 524.


Instruction: What is LOWa, b due to?

Output: risk of bias, indirectness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is LOWa, b due to?. ### Response: risk of bias, indirectness.


Instruction: What is the risk of bias in a study?

Output: rate ratio 0

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of bias in a study?. ### Response: rate ratio 0.


Instruction: How long does it take to get a LOWa, b due to bias?

Output: 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to get a LOWa, b due to bias?. ### Response: 12 months.


Instruction: What is a proxy for Quality of life?

Output: Utility

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a proxy for Quality of life?. ### Response: Utility.


Instruction: Why is the RR 0.16?

Output: risk of bias, indirectness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is the RR 0.16?. ### Response: risk of bias, indirectness.


Instruction: What does Utility stand for?

Output: proxy for Quality of life

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Utility stand for?. ### Response: proxy for Quality of life.


Instruction: What is higher=better?

Output: Utility

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is higher=better?. ### Response: Utility.


Instruction: How long was the mean utility in the control groups?

Output: 0.63

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long was the mean utility in the control groups?. ### Response: 0.63.


Instruction: What was the mean utility in the intervention groups?

Output: 0.09 higher

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the mean utility in the intervention groups?. ### Response: 0.09 higher.


Instruction: How much higher was the ACE-I dose prescribed (long acting only)?

Output: 210

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much higher was the ACE-I dose prescribed (long acting only)?. ### Response: 210.


Instruction: Why was MODERATEa due to risk of bias?

Output: rate ratio

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why was MODERATEa due to risk of bias?. ### Response: rate ratio.


Instruction: Why is MODERATEa due to risk of bias?

Output: rate ratio

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is MODERATEa due to risk of bias?. ### Response: rate ratio.


Instruction: What was the mean ace -i dose prescribed in the control groups?

Output: 0.96 to 1.35

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the mean ace -i dose prescribed in the control groups?. ### Response: 0.96 to 1.35.


Instruction: All NOACs have some degree of what?

Output: renal elimination

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: All NOACs have some degree of what?. ### Response: renal elimination.


Instruction: What is the greatest renal dependency for excretion with dabigatran?

Output: 80%)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the greatest renal dependency for excretion with dabigatran?. ### Response: 80%).


Instruction: The least withrenal dependency for apixaban is what percentage?

Output: 27%).

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The least withrenal dependency for apixaban is what percentage?. ### Response: 27%)..


Instruction: There are no head-to-head NOAC trials and therefore what should be done?

Output: NOACs should generally not be used

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: There are no head-to-head NOAC trials and therefore what should be done?. ### Response: NOACs should generally not be used.


Instruction: What should treatment be individualized on the basis of?

Output: CrCl

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should treatment be individualized on the basis of?. ### Response: CrCl.


Instruction: What should the dose adapted according to licensed indications437?

Output: CrCl

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should the dose adapted according to licensed indications437?. ### Response: CrCl.


Instruction: For mild CKD, what should the clinical decision-making and treatment recommendations match?

Output: thatof patients without CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For mild CKD, what should the clinical decision-making and treatment recommendations match?. ### Response: thatof patients without CKD.


Instruction: What is a weak recommendation for patients without CKD?

Output: verylow quality evidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a weak recommendation for patients without CKD?. ### Response: verylow quality evidence.


Instruction: What is the low quality of the evidence?

Output: Weak recommendation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the low quality of the evidence?. ### Response: Weak recommendation.


Instruction: For what stage is oral anticoagulation recommended?

Output: various degrees of renal functionimpairment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For what stage is oral anticoagulation recommended?. ### Response: various degrees of renal functionimpairment.


Instruction: What is a good quality anticoagulationcontrol?

Output: VKA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a good quality anticoagulationcontrol?. ### Response: VKA.


Instruction: What is recommended in severe non-dialysis CKD?

Output: using VKAs and selectedNOACs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended in severe non-dialysis CKD?. ### Response: using VKAs and selectedNOACs.


Instruction: How do we suggest using VKAs and selectedNOACs?

Output: with caution

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do we suggest using VKAs and selectedNOACs?. ### Response: with caution.


Instruction: What should be used with caution in end-stage renal disease?

Output: VKAs and selectedNOACs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be used with caution in end-stage renal disease?. ### Response: VKAs and selectedNOACs.


Instruction: What should generally not be used in end stage renal disease with CrCl 15mL/min ordialysis-dependent?

Output: NOACs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should generally not be used in end stage renal disease with CrCl 15mL/min ordialysis-dependent?. ### Response: NOACs.


Instruction: Where is apixaban 5 mg bid approved for use in AFpatients receiving hemodialysis?

Output: USA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is apixaban 5 mg bid approved for use in AFpatients receiving hemodialysis?. ### Response: USA.


Instruction: What percentage of TTR is considered ungraded consensus-based?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of TTR is considered ungraded consensus-based?. ### Response: %.


Instruction: What is the name of the drug that is used to monitor renal function in NOAC users?

Output: dabigatran

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the drug that is used to monitor renal function in NOAC users?. ### Response: dabigatran.


Instruction: What is a good time to schedule for clinical follow-up?

Output: look for development of new cardiovascular risk factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a good time to schedule for clinical follow-up?. ### Response: look for development of new cardiovascular risk factors.


Instruction: What is the suggested algorithm for the decision-making process in prescribing OAC therapy in patients with various degrees of renal functionimpairment?

Output: ESRD on RRTFigure 9

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the suggested algorithm for the decision-making process in prescribing OAC therapy in patients with various degrees of renal functionimpairment?. ### Response: ESRD on RRTFigure 9.


Instruction: What is not available in the United States?

Output: 110-mg dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not available in the United States?. ### Response: 110-mg dose.


Instruction: What is preferred unless the patient is elderly or has high bleeding risk?

Output: dabigatran 110 mg bid

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is preferred unless the patient is elderly or has high bleeding risk?. ### Response: dabigatran 110 mg bid.


Instruction: Where is the 110-mg dose not available?

Output: United States

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is the 110-mg dose not available?. ### Response: United States.


Instruction: How many of the doses are available in the US?

Output: 75 mg bid

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many of the doses are available in the US?. ### Response: 75 mg bid.


Instruction: What is a system-atic review and meta-analysis of patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease?

Output: RE-L Y Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a system-atic review and meta-analysis of patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease?. ### Response: RE-L Y Trial.


Instruction: What does JAHA stand for?

Output: J Am Heart Assoc

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does JAHA stand for?. ### Response: J Am Heart Assoc.


Instruction: How does apixaban compare to warfarin?

Output: rivaroxaban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does apixaban compare to warfarin?. ### Response: rivaroxaban.


Instruction: What drug did Bahit use to treat atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease?

Output: dabigatran

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What drug did Bahit use to treat atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease?. ### Response: dabigatran.


Instruction: What was the name of the trial in which Apixaban was used to reduce stroke and other thromboembolic events in Atrial Fibrillation?

Output: ARISTOTLE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the trial in which Apixaban was used to reduce stroke and other thromboembolic events in Atrial Fibrillation?. ### Response: ARISTOTLE.


Instruction: When did the ARISTOTLE trial begin?

Output: 2015

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did the ARISTOTLE trial begin?. ### Response: 2015.


Instruction: What is the difference between rivaroxaban and warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease?

Output: Clinical characteristics and outcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between rivaroxaban and warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease?. ### Response: Clinical characteristics and outcomes.