Instruction: What r ecommendations affect curr ent practice?

Output: lack of e vidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What r ecommendations affect curr ent practice?. ### Response: lack of e vidence.


Instruction: What now be an option in non-par oxysmal atrial fibrillation if comorbidities or patient pr ferences limit her rate-contr ol drug choices?

Output: herap y ma y

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What now be an option in non-par oxysmal atrial fibrillation if comorbidities or patient pr ferences limit her rate-contr ol drug choices?. ### Response: herap y ma y.


Instruction: Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management (NG196) NICE 2022. Subject t o Notice of right s (http://www.nice.org.uk/t erms-and-conditions#notice-of-right s)

Output: All right s reserved

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Atrial fibrillation: diagnosis and management (NG196) NICE 2022. Subject t o Notice of right s (http://www.nice.org.uk/t erms-and-conditions#notice-of-right s). ### Response: All right s reserved.


Instruction: What is the last updat ed 30 June 2021?

Output: Page 36of 47

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the last updat ed 30 June 2021?. ### Response: Page 36of 47.


Instruction: What should the patient seek immediate medical attention for?

Output: syncope or resistant chest pain

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should the patient seek immediate medical attention for?. ### Response: syncope or resistant chest pain.


Instruction: What is effective for prevention of effort-inducedangina?

Output: Theseproducts are also effective for prevention of effort-inducedangina when administered 5 to 10 minutes before activity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is effective for prevention of effort-inducedangina?. ### Response: Theseproducts are also effective for prevention of effort-inducedangina when administered 5 to 10 minutes before activity.


Instruction: How long does relief last?

Output: 30 to 40 minutes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does relief last?. ### Response: 30 to 40 minutes.


Instruction: Where must thetablets be kept?

Output: in the manufacturer’s bottle

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where must thetablets be kept?. ### Response: in the manufacturer’s bottle.


Instruction: How long after opening the bottle should tablets not be used?

Output: 6 to 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long after opening the bottle should tablets not be used?. ### Response: 6 to 12 months.


Instruction: How can patients detect tablets have lost their potency?

Output: by the absence of a burningsensation beneath the tongue

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can patients detect tablets have lost their potency?. ### Response: by the absence of a burningsensation beneath the tongue.


Instruction: What can be used for short-term relief of angina?

Output: Nitroglycerin ointment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be used for short-term relief of angina?. ### Response: Nitroglycerin ointment.


Instruction: How long can nitroglycerin ointment be effective?

Output: 4 to 6 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long can nitroglycerin ointment be effective?. ### Response: 4 to 6 hours.


Instruction: How long can a short-acting nitrate preparation be effective?

Output: 4 to 6 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long can a short-acting nitrate preparation be effective?. ### Response: 4 to 6 hours.


Instruction: What can be increased by rotating the application sites, covering the paste with plastic, or not applying the ointmentcontinuously?

Output: Absorption

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be increased by rotating the application sites, covering the paste with plastic, or not applying the ointmentcontinuously?. ### Response: Absorption.


Instruction: What can cause permanent discoloration of clothing?

Output: The ointment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can cause permanent discoloration of clothing?. ### Response: The ointment.


Instruction: What are long-acting nitrate preparations recommended for?

Output: treatment of angina

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are long-acting nitrate preparations recommended for?. ### Response: treatment of angina.


Instruction: Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is recommended for treatment of what type of angina?

Output: angina

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Isosorbide-5-mononitrate is recommended for treatment of what type of angina?. ### Response: angina.


Instruction: When isosor-bide dinitrate has low bioavailability, what is the result?

Output: rapid high first-pass metabolism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When isosor-bide dinitrate has low bioavailability, what is the result?. ### Response: rapid high first-pass metabolism.


Instruction: What is the effect of high first-pass metabolism?

Output: lowbioavailability

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of high first-pass metabolism?. ### Response: lowbioavailability.


Instruction: Isosorbide mononitrate 100% bio-available?

Output: Isosorbide mononitrate, theactive metabolite of the dinitrate formulation, is 100% bio-available

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Isosorbide mononitrate 100% bio-available?. ### Response: Isosorbide mononitrate, theactive metabolite of the dinitrate formulation, is 100% bio-available.


Instruction: Nitroglycerin can be delivered through what?

Output: sili-cone gel or polymer matrix release patch systems

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Nitroglycerin can be delivered through what?. ### Response: sili-cone gel or polymer matrix release patch systems.


Instruction: What is the rate of release varies between these systems?

Output: necessitating individu-alization of dosing

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the rate of release varies between these systems?. ### Response: necessitating individu-alization of dosing.


Instruction: What is important to gain adequate anginal control with the lowestpossible dose?

Output: titration of dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is important to gain adequate anginal control with the lowestpossible dose?. ### Response: titration of dose.


Instruction: To limit the occurrence of headaches, avoidnitrate tolerance, and facilitate long-term adherence?

Output: titration of dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: To limit the occurrence of headaches, avoidnitrate tolerance, and facilitate long-term adherence?. ### Response: titration of dose.


Instruction: The effectiveness of all of these formulations seems to be roughly what?

Output: equivalent

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The effectiveness of all of these formulations seems to be roughly what?. ### Response: equivalent.


Instruction: How long is it necessary to keep a daily nitrate-free interval of 10 to 14 hours?

Output: With all of them

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is it necessary to keep a daily nitrate-free interval of 10 to 14 hours?. ### Response: With all of them.


Instruction: What does notdevelop with the sublingual route of administration?

Output: Nitrate tolerance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does notdevelop with the sublingual route of administration?. ### Response: Nitrate tolerance.


Instruction: What does not result in tolerance to the use of sublingual products?

Output: Use oflong-acting nitrates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does not result in tolerance to the use of sublingual products?. ### Response: Use oflong-acting nitrates.


Instruction: How are nitrates relatively well tolerated?

Output: if a titration schedule

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are nitrates relatively well tolerated?. ### Response: if a titration schedule.


Instruction: What percentage of w omen have hyper tension?

Output: 21%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of w omen have hyper tension?. ### Response: 21%.


Instruction: How much of a percentage of women have pre-eclampsia?

Output: 9% (1 in 11

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much of a percentage of women have pre-eclampsia?. ### Response: 9% (1 in 11.


Instruction: Up to what percentage of men have hypertension?

Output: 16%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Up to what percentage of men have hypertension?. ### Response: 16%.


Instruction: How much was up to appr oximat ely 16%?

Output: 1 in 6 w omen

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much was up to appr oximat ely 16%?. ### Response: 1 in 6 w omen.


Instruction: How much did bir th cost?

Output: 28  weeks

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much did bir th cost?. ### Response: 28  weeks.


Instruction: What was upto upto?

Output: appr oximat ely 16%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was upto upto?. ### Response: appr oximat ely 16%.


Instruction: Up to what percentage?

Output: 16%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Up to what percentage?. ### Response: 16%.


Instruction: How many w omen have Appr oximat ely?

Output: 50

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many w omen have Appr oximat ely?. ### Response: 50.


Instruction: How many women have Gestational h yper tension?

Output: 11

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many women have Gestational h yper tension?. ### Response: 11.


Instruction: How many women had chronic hyper tension?

Output: 11

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many women had chronic hyper tension?. ### Response: 11.


Instruction: What percentage of women had acute hypertension?

Output: 3%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of women had acute hypertension?. ### Response: 3%.


Instruction: How much of a difference was there in appr oximat ely?

Output: 3%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much of a difference was there in appr oximat ely?. ### Response: 3%.


Instruction: How many women were identified as having bir th at less than 28 weeks?

Output: 34

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many women were identified as having bir th at less than 28 weeks?. ### Response: 34.


Instruction: What was the risk lik ely to be?

Output: at least as high

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the risk lik ely to be?. ### Response: at least as high.


Instruction: How long do women who have had a h yper tensiv e disor der of cardiovascular disease need to be advised?

Output: 28 and 34  weeks

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long do women who have had a h yper tensiv e disor der of cardiovascular disease need to be advised?. ### Response: 28 and 34  weeks.


Instruction: How long does it take to be at least as high as that for women who are between 28 and 34 weeks?

Output: t he committ ee agr eed t hat t he risk was lik ely to be at least as high, if not higher

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to be at least as high as that for women who are between 28 and 34 weeks?. ### Response: t he committ ee agr eed t hat t he risk was lik ely to be at least as high, if not higher.


Instruction: What is an incr eased risk of h yper tension and cardiovascular disease in lat er life?

Output: h yper tensiv e disor der of pr egnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an incr eased risk of h yper tension and cardiovascular disease in lat er life?. ### Response: h yper tensiv e disor der of pr egnancy.


Instruction: Table 6 Car diovascular risk in w homen?

Output: Hyper tension in pr egnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Table 6 Car diovascular risk in w homen?. ### Response: Hyper tension in pr egnancy.


Instruction: What is the Car diovascular risk in w omen w ho ha ve had a Hyper tension in pr egnancy: diagnosis and management (NG133)?

Output: Table 6

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Car diovascular risk in w omen w ho ha ve had a Hyper tension in pr egnancy: diagnosis and management (NG133)?. ### Response: Table 6.


Instruction: When was the last updat ed?

Output: 17 April 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last updat ed?. ### Response: 17 April 2023.


Instruction: What is erms-and-conditions#notice-of-rights?

Output: Notice of right s

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is erms-and-conditions#notice-of-rights?. ### Response: Notice of right s.


Instruction: Last updat ed 17 April 2023

Output: 59

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Last updat ed 17 April 2023. ### Response: 59.


Instruction: What is the name of the reference list for Chronic Heart Failure?

Output: NICE 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the reference list for Chronic Heart Failure?. ### Response: NICE 2018.


Instruction: Subject to Notice of rights.

Output: Chronic Heart Failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Subject to Notice of rights.. ### Response: Chronic Heart Failure.


Instruction: ISBN: 978-1-4731 -3093-7 506 suspected heart failure: results of the UK natriuretic peptide study?

Output: Chronic Heart Failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: ISBN: 978-1-4731 -3093-7 506 suspected heart failure: results of the UK natriuretic peptide study?. ### Response: Chronic Heart Failure.


Instruction: What is the name of the journal that studies the value of brain natriuretic peptides in primary care patients with the clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure?

Output: Scandinavian Car diovascular Journal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the journal that studies the value of brain natriuretic peptides in primary care patients with the clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure?. ### Response: Scandinavian Car diovascular Journal.


Instruction: What journal published in 2009: 43(5):324 -9?

Output: Scandinavian Car diovascular Journal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What journal published in 2009: 43(5):324 -9?. ### Response: Scandinavian Car diovascular Journal.


Instruction: What is the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents foranalgesia?

Output: controversial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents foranalgesia?. ### Response: controversial.


Instruction: What is more evidence for adversecardiovascular events with the selective cyclooxygenase-2inhibitors than the nonselective agents?

Output: The safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is more evidence for adversecardiovascular events with the selective cyclooxygenase-2inhibitors than the nonselective agents?. ### Response: The safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.


Instruction: A 2007 AHA statement presented a stepped-care approach to themanagement of musculoskeletal pain in patients with or at risk for what disease?

Output: coronary artery disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A 2007 AHA statement presented a stepped-care approach to themanagement of musculoskeletal pain in patients with or at risk for what disease?. ### Response: coronary artery disease.


Instruction: What is the goal of limiting the use of CAD agents to patients in whom safertherapies fail?

Output: stepped-care approach to themanagement of musculoskeletal pain

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the goal of limiting the use of CAD agents to patients in whom safertherapies fail?. ### Response: stepped-care approach to themanagement of musculoskeletal pain.


Instruction: In patients hospitalized with unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, what should be discontinued promptly andreinstituted later according to the stepped-care approach?

Output: these agents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In patients hospitalized with unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, what should be discontinued promptly andreinstituted later according to the stepped-care approach?. ### Response: these agents.


Instruction: What was previously used for perioperativeanalgesia in cardiac surgery?

Output: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was previously used for perioperativeanalgesia in cardiac surgery?. ### Response: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.


Instruction: How many trials of patients underwent cardiac surgery before 2005 reported significant reductions in pain scores?

Output: 20

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many trials of patients underwent cardiac surgery before 2005 reported significant reductions in pain scores?. ### Response: 20.


Instruction: What did the meta-analysis of 20 trials report?

Output: significant reductions in pain scores, withno increase in adverse outcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the meta-analysis of 20 trials report?. ### Response: significant reductions in pain scores, withno increase in adverse outcomes.


Instruction: What was the name of the oral cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used in 2 RCTs?

Output: valdecoxib

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the oral cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used in 2 RCTs?. ### Response: valdecoxib.


Instruction: What were the results of the 2 studies of valdecoxib and its intravenous prodrug?

Output: higher incidence ofsternal infections in 1 trial and a significant increase in adversecardiovascular events in the other

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What were the results of the 2 studies of valdecoxib and its intravenous prodrug?. ### Response: higher incidence ofsternal infections in 1 trial and a significant increase in adversecardiovascular events in the other.


Instruction: How many studies did the U.S.e658 Circulation December 6, 2011Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on April 26, 2023?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many studies did the U.S.e658 Circulation December 6, 2011Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on April 26, 2023?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: What is the name of the patient with acute mitral regurgitation?

Output: Watanabe N

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the patient with acute mitral regurgitation?. ### Response: Watanabe N.


Instruction: How many patients entered the intensive care unit with pulmonary edema?

Output: 42

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients entered the intensive care unit with pulmonary edema?. ### Response: 42.


Instruction: What is edema?

Output: pulmonary

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is edema?. ### Response: pulmonary.


Instruction: What is the effect of vasodilator therapy on mitral regurgitation?

Output: reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of vasodilator therapy on mitral regurgitation?. ### Response: reduction.


Instruction: How many surgical cases of severe mitral regurgitation have been treated with balloon mitral valvotomy?

Output: 50

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many surgical cases of severe mitral regurgitation have been treated with balloon mitral valvotomy?. ### Response: 50.


Instruction: What is the operative outcome of 50 surgical cases?

Output: balloon mitral valvotomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the operative outcome of 50 surgical cases?. ### Response: balloon mitral valvotomy.


Instruction: How many cases of postinfarction papillary muscle rupture have been reviewed?

Output: 22

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many cases of postinfarction papillary muscle rupture have been reviewed?. ### Response: 22.


Instruction: How many cases were reviewed?

Output: 22

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many cases were reviewed?. ### Response: 22.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that reviewed 22 cases?

Output: Echocardiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that reviewed 22 cases?. ### Response: Echocardiography.


Instruction: How many patients were re-viewed?

Output: 22

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were re-viewed?. ### Response: 22.


Instruction: What type of mitral valve injury is a result of blunt chest trauma?

Output: Traumatic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of mitral valve injury is a result of blunt chest trauma?. ### Response: Traumatic.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that included a case report and review of the literature?

Output: J Trauma.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that included a case report and review of the literature?. ### Response: J Trauma..


Instruction: How did Pillai AA, Balasubramonian VR, Munuswamy H, et al. describe acute severe mitral regurgitation with cardiogenic shock?

Output: echocardiographic findings and outcomes following surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did Pillai AA, Balasubramonian VR, Munuswamy H, et al. describe acute severe mitral regurgitation with cardiogenic shock?. ### Response: echocardiographic findings and outcomes following surgery.


Instruction: What is a new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of the mitral region?

Output: Diagnostic Testing: Initial Diagnosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation based on color flow Doppler imaging of the mitral region?. ### Response: Diagnostic Testing: Initial Diagnosis.


Instruction: What are the results of echocardiographic findings and outcomes following surgery?

Output: operative findings

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the results of echocardiographic findings and outcomes following surgery?. ### Response: operative findings.


Instruction: What is based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow con-vergence proximal to regurgitant orifice?

Output: A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is based on color flow Doppler imaging of flow con-vergence proximal to regurgitant orifice?. ### Response: A new method for quantitation of mitral regurgitation.


Instruction: Circulation. 1991;84:1481–9. What is the new method for quan-tification of regurgittant flow rate using?

Output: color Doppler flow imaging

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Circulation. 1991;84:1481–9. What is the new method for quan-tification of regurgittant flow rate using?. ### Response: color Doppler flow imaging.


Instruction: What does flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice do?

Output: quan-tification of regurgitant flow rate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does flow imaging of the flow convergence region proximal to a discrete orifice do?. ### Response: quan-tification of regurgitant flow rate.


Instruction: What is the name of the in vitro study?

Output: Cardio-vasc Interv Ther

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the in vitro study?. ### Response: Cardio-vasc Interv Ther.


Instruction: How is severity of mitral regurgitation assessed?

Output: by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with trans-esophageal Doppler color flow imaging

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is severity of mitral regurgitation assessed?. ### Response: by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with trans-esophageal Doppler color flow imaging.


Instruction: What is the origin of flail leaflets in mitral regurgitation?

Output: balloon mitral valvuloplas

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the origin of flail leaflets in mitral regurgitation?. ### Response: balloon mitral valvuloplas.


Instruction: What was the Circulation. 1992:85:1248–53?

Output: Assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with trans-esophageal Doppler color flow imaging

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the Circulation. 1992:85:1248–53?. ### Response: Assessment of severity of mitral regurgitation by measuring regurgitant jet width at its origin with trans-esophageal Doppler color flow imaging.


Instruction: How long did the study last?

Output: long-term follow-up multicenter study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the study last?. ### Response: long-term follow-up multicenter study.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated the severity of mitral regurgitation by the use of signal void in magnetic fields?

Output: Ozdogan

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated the severity of mitral regurgitation by the use of signal void in magnetic fields?. ### Response: Ozdogan.


Instruction: In magnetic resonance imaging, what is used to regurgitate mitral cells?

Output: signal void

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In magnetic resonance imaging, what is used to regurgitate mitral cells?. ### Response: signal void.


Instruction: What is reasonable for an initial evaluation in adults with a family history of premature ASCVD or genetic hyperlipidemia?

Output: a fasting lipid profile

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable for an initial evaluation in adults with a family history of premature ASCVD or genetic hyperlipidemia?. ### Response: a fasting lipid profile.


Instruction: What is generally adequate to document baseline lipid levels prior to initiation of statin therapy?

Output: fasting lipid profile

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is generally adequate to document baseline lipid levels prior to initiation of statin therapy?. ### Response: fasting lipid profile.


Instruction: Document baseline lipid levels prior to initiation of what?

Output: statin therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Document baseline lipid levels prior to initiation of what?. ### Response: statin therapy.


Instruction: The unreliability of the Friedewald-calculated LDL-C levels rises at what level?

Output: lower levels of LDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The unreliability of the Friedewald-calculated LDL-C levels rises at what level?. ### Response: lower levels of LDL-C.


Instruction: What can be used to determine whether hypertriglyceridemia is an atherogenic condition?

Output: Measurement of apoB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be used to determine whether hypertriglyceridemia is an atherogenic condition?. ### Response: Measurement of apoB.


Instruction: What is reasonable for adults with a family history of premature ASCVD or genetic hyperlipidemia?

Output: a fasting lipid profile

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable for adults with a family history of premature ASCVD or genetic hyperlipidemia?. ### Response: a fasting lipid profile.


Instruction: What are two lipoprotein entities related to LDL-C?

Output: apoB and lipoprotein

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are two lipoprotein entities related to LDL-C?. ### Response: apoB and lipoprotein.


Instruction: What is the major apoli-poprotein embedded in LDL and VLDL?

Output: apoB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the major apoli-poprotein embedded in LDL and VLDL?. ### Response: apoB.


Instruction: What do some investiga-tors identify as a strong association between apoB and ASCVD?

Output: apoB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do some investiga-tors identify as a strong association between apoB and ASCVD?. ### Response: apoB.


Instruction: What do others report a high correlation between?

Output: apoB and non–HDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do others report a high correlation between?. ### Response: apoB and non–HDL-C.


Instruction: In patients with hypertriglyceridemia, the measurement of what may have advantages?

Output: apoB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In patients with hypertriglyceridemia, the measurement of what may have advantages?. ### Response: apoB.


Instruction: What is a relative indication for its measurement?

Output: triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a relative indication for its measurement?. ### Response: triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL.


Instruction: A level >130 mg/dL corresponds to what?

Output: an LDL-C level ≥160 mg/dL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A level >130 mg/dL corresponds to what?. ### Response: an LDL-C level ≥160 mg/dL.


Instruction: What can be considered a risk-enhancing factor?

Output: A persistent elevation of apoB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be considered a risk-enhancing factor?. ### Response: A persistent elevation of apoB.


Instruction: What is a modified form of LDL that appears to possess atherogenic potential?

Output: Lp(a)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a modified form of LDL that appears to possess atherogenic potential?. ### Response: Lp(a).


Instruction: What increases ASCVD risk especially at higher levels?

Output: Lp(a)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What increases ASCVD risk especially at higher levels?. ### Response: Lp(a).


Instruction: What may be considered a risk-enhancing factor if a decision is made to measure Lp(a) 50 mg/dL or 125 nmol/L?

Output: Lp(a)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be considered a risk-enhancing factor if a decision is made to measure Lp(a) 50 mg/dL or 125 nmol/L?. ### Response: Lp(a).


Instruction: Current evi-dence shows that it should be considered only in the presence of what?

Output: fasting lipid profile

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Current evi-dence shows that it should be considered only in the presence of what?. ### Response: fasting lipid profile.


Instruction: What should be considered in women only in the presence of hypercholesterolemia?

Output: S2.3-6 Current evi-dence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be considered in women only in the presence of hypercholesterolemia?. ### Response: S2.3-6 Current evi-dence.


Instruction: What is the association between appro-priateness of coronary revascularization and clinical outcomes?

Output: appropriateness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the association between appro-priateness of coronary revascularization and clinical outcomes?. ### Response: appropriateness.


Instruction: What is a privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use?

Output: criteria

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use?. ### Response: criteria.


Instruction: What is the privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use criteria?

Output: 18

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use criteria?. ### Response: 18.


Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol 2011:57:1557-9.

Output: The privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use criteria

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol 2011:57:1557-9.. ### Response: The privilege of self-regulation: the role of appropriate use criteria.


Instruction: What did Chan PS, Patel MR, Klein LW, et al. say was appropriate?

Output: percutaneous coronary intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Chan PS, Patel MR, Klein LW, et al. say was appropriate?. ### Response: percutaneous coronary intervention.


Instruction: What are standards for statistical models used for public reporting of health outcomes?

Output: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are standards for statistical models used for public reporting of health outcomes?. ### Response: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group.


Instruction: What is the name of the scientific statement from the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group?

Output: American Heart Association

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the scientific statement from the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group?. ### Response: American Heart Association.


Instruction: What is the name of the group of Medicare patients with all-cause readmission and repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention?

Output: Curtis JP, Schreiner G, Wang Y , et al. All-cause readmission and repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention in a cohort

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the group of Medicare patients with all-cause readmission and repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention?. ### Response: Curtis JP, Schreiner G, Wang Y , et al. All-cause readmission and repeat revascularization after percutaneous coronary intervention in a cohort.


Instruction: What year did J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 release a report on all causes of readmission in Medicare patients?

Output: 2006

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did J Am Coll Cardiol 2009 release a report on all causes of readmission in Medicare patients?. ### Response: 2006.


Instruction: How long did it take for patients in New York State to receive 30-Day readmission?

Output: 23

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for patients in New York State to receive 30-Day readmission?. ### Response: 23.


Instruction: When did JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 release its report on 30 Day readmission for patients undergoing coronary interventions?

Output: 4:1335–

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011 release its report on 30 Day readmission for patients undergoing coronary interventions?. ### Response: 4:1335–.


Instruction: What state did JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011:4:1335–42?

Output: New York State

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What state did JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011:4:1335–42?. ### Response: New York State.


Instruction: What are the factors associated with 30-day readmission rates after percutaneous coronary intervention?

Output: All-cause readmission and repeat revascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the factors associated with 30-day readmission rates after percutaneous coronary intervention?. ### Response: All-cause readmission and repeat revascularization.


Instruction: What was the 2013 update of the clinical competence statement on coronary artery interventional procedures called?

Output: Writing Committee to Revise the 2007 Clinical Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the 2013 update of the clinical competence statement on coronary artery interventional procedures called?. ### Response: Writing Committee to Revise the 2007 Clinical Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures.


Instruction: What is the name of the Task Force to Revise the 2007 Clinical Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures?

Output: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians Task Force on Clinical Competence and Training

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Task Force to Revise the 2007 Clinical Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures?. ### Response: American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/American College of Physicians Task Force on Clinical Competence and Training.


Instruction: What is the Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures?

Output: Writing Committee to Revise the 2007

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures?. ### Response: Writing Committee to Revise the 2007.


Instruction: Circulation. 2013;128:436–72.

Output: coronary artery interventional procedures

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Circulation. 2013;128:436–72.. ### Response: coronary artery interventional procedures.


Instruction: What did Brownlee S, Wennberg JE, Barry MJ, et al. do for the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice?

Output: Improving

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Brownlee S, Wennberg JE, Barry MJ, et al. do for the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice?. ### Response: Improving.


Instruction: Where is the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice located?

Output: Hanover, NH

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice located?. ### Response: Hanover, NH.


Instruction: When was the decision making report released?

Output: October 11, 2013

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the decision making report released?. ### Response: October 11, 2013.


Instruction: What is the name of the publication that describes Percutaneous coronary inter vention use in the United States?

Output: JACC Cardiovasc Interv.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the publication that describes Percutaneous coronary inter vention use in the United States?. ### Response: JACC Cardiovasc Interv..


Instruction: What is the name of the study that uses measurement to promote quality improvement?

Output: Accountability measures

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that uses measurement to promote quality improvement?. ### Response: Accountability measures.


Instruction: What is ACC/AHA classification of care metrics?

Output: performance measures and quality metrics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is ACC/AHA classification of care metrics?. ### Response: performance measures and quality metrics.


Instruction: What did the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures report on?

Output: classification of care metrics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures report on?. ### Response: classification of care metrics.


Instruction: What is the name of the group that compiled a report on quality metrics?

Output: Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the group that compiled a report on quality metrics?. ### Response: Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Writing Group.


Instruction: What may not be ready to provide to the patient during their appointment in order that they can take a copy home with them?

Output: care plan

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may not be ready to provide to the patient during their appointment in order that they can take a copy home with them?. ### Response: care plan.


Instruction: Letters should use appropriate language to communicate to whom?

Output: the GP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Letters should use appropriate language to communicate to whom?. ### Response: the GP.


Instruction: What should letters use to communicate to the GP?

Output: appropriate language

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should letters use to communicate to the GP?. ### Response: appropriate language.


Instruction: What should make letters accessible to patients?

Output: use appropriate language to communicate to the GP, with a glossary or similar

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should make letters accessible to patients?. ### Response: use appropriate language to communicate to the GP, with a glossary or similar.


Instruction: How many sets of letters should be produced?

Output: two

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many sets of letters should be produced?. ### Response: two.


Instruction: What is it important that patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances?

Output: Contact/Access: It was seen as particularly important that patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances, as per the current patient experience guideline

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is it important that patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances?. ### Response: Contact/Access: It was seen as particularly important that patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances, as per the current patient experience guideline.


Instruction: What is the current patient experience guideline?

Output: patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the current patient experience guideline?. ### Response: patients and their carers know where to get support in both routine and urgent circumstances.


Instruction: What has been correlated with the number of microemboli exiting the CPB circuit during CABG?

Output: increased serum levels

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been correlated with the number of microemboli exiting the CPB circuit during CABG?. ### Response: increased serum levels.


Instruction: What have others noted the increased incidence of with on-pump CABG but failed to show a corresponding worsening of 1 week to 6 months postoperatively?

Output: microemboli

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What have others noted the increased incidence of with on-pump CABG but failed to show a corresponding worsening of 1 week to 6 months postoperatively?. ### Response: microemboli.


Instruction: What can be mitigated by routine processing of shed blood with acell saver?

Output: CPB-associated neurocognitive dysfunction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be mitigated by routine processing of shed blood with acell saver?. ### Response: CPB-associated neurocognitive dysfunction.


Instruction: Blood retrieved from the operative field duringon-pump CABG contains what?

Output: lipid material and particulate mat-ter

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Blood retrieved from the operative field duringon-pump CABG contains what?. ### Response: lipid material and particulate mat-ter.


Instruction: What did another study fail to show?

Output: uch an improvement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did another study fail to show?. ### Response: uch an improvement.


Instruction: What has been suggested that CPB leads to an increasedincidence of postoperative renal failure requiring dialysis?

Output: a large RCT comparing on-pump and off-pump CABGshowed no difference in its occurrence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been suggested that CPB leads to an increasedincidence of postoperative renal failure requiring dialysis?. ### Response: a large RCT comparing on-pump and off-pump CABGshowed no difference in its occurrence.


Instruction: What did off-pump CABGshow no difference in?

Output: postoperative renal failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did off-pump CABGshow no difference in?. ### Response: postoperative renal failure.


Instruction: What did this study fail to show in patients undergoing off-push CABG?

Output: decreased incidence of postoperativeadverse neurological events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did this study fail to show in patients undergoing off-push CABG?. ### Response: decreased incidence of postoperativeadverse neurological events.


Instruction: What are strategies designed to prevent or tominimize tumor necrosis?

Output: Modulatingneutrophil activation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are strategies designed to prevent or tominimize tumor necrosis?. ### Response: Modulatingneutrophil activation.


Instruction: What are some of the modulators of inflammation?

Output: P-selectin, sE-selectin, soluble intercellularadhesion molecule-1, plasma endothelial cell adhesionmolecule-1, and plasma malondialdehyde

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some of the modulators of inflammation?. ### Response: P-selectin, sE-selectin, soluble intercellularadhesion molecule-1, plasma endothelial cell adhesionmolecule-1, and plasma malondialdehyde.


Instruction: What does plasma malondialdehyde reflect?

Output: leukocyte and platelet activation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does plasma malondialdehyde reflect?. ### Response: leukocyte and platelet activation.


Instruction: What triggers the onset of SIRS?

Output: let activation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What triggers the onset of SIRS?. ### Response: let activation.


Instruction: A study showed a greater upregulation of neutrophilCD11b expression in patients who sustained what?

Output: a /H1135050% increase in the serumcreatinine concentration after CPB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A study showed a greater upregulation of neutrophilCD11b expression in patients who sustained what?. ### Response: a /H1135050% increase in the serumcreatinine concentration after CPB.


Instruction: What are acti-vated neutrophils in the pathophysiology of?

Output: SIRS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are acti-vated neutrophils in the pathophysiology of?. ### Response: SIRS.


Instruction: What has been investigated to reduce the occurrence of SIRS?

Output: Modulatingneutrophil activation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been investigated to reduce the occurrence of SIRS?. ### Response: Modulatingneutrophil activation.


Instruction: Preoperative intravenous methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg) caused a reduction in what after CPB?

Output: serum concentrations of many ofthese cytokines

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Preoperative intravenous methylprednisolone (10 mg/kg) caused a reduction in what after CPB?. ### Response: serum concentrations of many ofthese cytokines.


Instruction: What did the use of intravenous immunoglobulin G in patients with post-CPBSIRS not be associated with?

Output: decreased rates of short-term morbidity or 28-day mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the use of intravenous immunoglobulin G in patients with post-CPBSIRS not be associated with?. ### Response: decreased rates of short-term morbidity or 28-day mortality.


Instruction: What was not associ-ated with improved hemodynamic variables, diminished blood loss, less use of inotropic agents, shorter duration ofventilation, or shorter ICU length of stay?

Output: methylprednisolone

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was not associ-ated with improved hemodynamic variables, diminished blood loss, less use of inotropic agents, shorter duration ofventilation, or shorter ICU length of stay?. ### Response: methylprednisolone.


Instruction: What has not been associated with decreased rates of short-term morbidity or 28-day mortality?

Output: the useof intravenous immunoglobulin G

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has not been associated with decreased rates of short-term morbidity or 28-day mortality?. ### Response: the useof intravenous immunoglobulin G.


Instruction: What are other strategies to mitigate the occurrence of SIRS after CBPBSIRS?

Output: neutrophil activation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are other strategies to mitigate the occurrence of SIRS after CBPBSIRS?. ### Response: neutrophil activation.


Instruction: What is the title of the Chronic Heart Failure Glossary?

Output: Chronic Heart Failure  Glossary  © NICE 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the title of the Chronic Heart Failure Glossary?. ### Response: Chronic Heart Failure  Glossary  © NICE 2018.


Instruction: Who is a healthcare professional who provides patient care?

Output: Clinician

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is a healthcare professional who provides patient care?. ### Response: Clinician.


Instruction: What type of study is a Cohort study?

Output: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of study is a Cohort study?. ### Response: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics.


Instruction: What is the Cochrane Library?

Output: a regularly updated collection of evidence -based medicine databases

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Cochrane Library?. ### Response: a regularly updated collection of evidence -based medicine databases.


Instruction: What is a cohort study?

Output: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a cohort study?. ### Response: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics.


Instruction: What is the term for a study with 2 or more groups of people with similar characteristics?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for a study with 2 or more groups of people with similar characteristics?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: One group receives a treatment, is exposed to a risk factor or has a particular symptom and the other group does not?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: One group receives a treatment, is exposed to a risk factor or has a particular symptom and the other group does not?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: What is the term for a study that follows a person's progress over time and records what happens?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for a study that follows a person's progress over time and records what happens?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: What is another term for an observational study?

Output: Comorbidity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another term for an observational study?. ### Response: Comorbidity.


Instruction: A disease or condition that someone has in addition to the health problem being studied or treated is called what?

Output: Comorbidity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A disease or condition that someone has in addition to the health problem being studied or treated is called what?. ### Response: Comorbidity.


Instruction: What is a recent term whose meaning has changed?

Output: Concordance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a recent term whose meaning has changed?. ### Response: Concordance.


Instruction: What was originally applied to the c onsultation process?

Output: Concordance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was originally applied to the c onsultation process?. ### Response: Concordance.


Instruction: What does Concordance reflect?

Output: social values

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Concordance reflect?. ### Response: social values.


Instruction: What does CI stand for?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does CI stand for?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: Why is there always some uncertainty in research?

Output: a small group of patients is studied to predict the effects of a treatment on the wider population

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is there always some uncertainty in research?. ### Response: a small group of patients is studied to predict the effects of a treatment on the wider population.


Instruction: What is the CI?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the CI?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What is a way of expressing how certain we are about the findings from a study?

Output: c onfidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a way of expressing how certain we are about the findings from a study?. ### Response: c onfidence interval.


Instruction: What gives a range of results that is likely to include the true value for the population?

Output: The c onfidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What gives a range of results that is likely to include the true value for the population?. ### Response: The c onfidence interval.


Instruction: The CI is usually stated as what?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The CI is usually stated as what?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What does 95% CI stand for?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does 95% CI stand for?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What percentage of the chance of including the true blood pressure value is 95 in 100?

Output: 95% CI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of the chance of including the true blood pressure value is 95 in 100?. ### Response: 95% CI.


Instruction: What is the 95% confidence interval?

Output: 110 to 150

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 95% confidence interval?. ### Response: 110 to 150.


Instruction: What indicates a lack of certainty about the true effect of the test or treatment?

Output: A wide confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What indicates a lack of certainty about the true effect of the test or treatment?. ### Response: A wide confidence interval.


Instruction: What indicates a more precise estimate if a large number of patients have been studied?

Output: A narrow confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What indicates a more precise estimate if a large number of patients have been studied?. ### Response: A narrow confidence interval.


Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can influence the study?

Output: health status or age

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can influence the study?. ### Response: health status or age.


Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can result in misleading findings if it is not understood or appropriately dealt with?

Output: Confounding factor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can result in misleading findings if it is not understood or appropriately dealt with?. ### Response: Confounding factor.


Instruction: A study of heart disease may look at a group of people that does what?

Output: exercises regularly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A study of heart disease may look at a group of people that does what?. ### Response: exercises regularly.


Instruction: What does a group that does not exercise regularly do?

Output: receives a treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does a group that does not exercise regularly do?. ### Response: receives a treatment.


Instruction: If the ages of the people in the 2 groups are different, then any difference in heart disease is what?

Output: Comparability  Similarity of the groups in characteristics likely to affect the study results

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If the ages of the people in the 2 groups are different, then any difference in heart disease is what?. ### Response: Comparability  Similarity of the groups in characteristics likely to affect the study results.


Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?

Output: Otto et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?. ### Response: Otto et al.


Instruction: What can a TEE do if PMBC is being considered?

Output: rule out LA cavity and appendage thrombi

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can a TEE do if PMBC is being considered?. ### Response: rule out LA cavity and appendage thrombi.


Instruction: What is the imaging modality of choice to elucidate the anatomy and functional significance of rheumatic MS?

Output: TTE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the imaging modality of choice to elucidate the anatomy and functional significance of rheumatic MS?. ### Response: TTE.


Instruction: What can identify the characteristic diastolic doming of the mitral valve?

Output: The parasternal long-axis window

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can identify the characteristic diastolic doming of the mitral valve?. ### Response: The parasternal long-axis window.


Instruction: Short-axis scanning will demonstrate what?

Output: commissural fusion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Short-axis scanning will demonstrate what?. ### Response: commissural fusion.


Instruction: What will demonstrate commissural fusion and allow planimetry of the mitral orifice?

Output: short-axis scanning

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What will demonstrate commissural fusion and allow planimetry of the mitral orifice?. ### Response: short-axis scanning.


Instruction: What does 3D echocardiography pro-vides greater accuracy of measurement of?

Output: mitral valve area

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does 3D echocardiography pro-vides greater accuracy of measurement of?. ### Response: mitral valve area.


Instruction: Doppler echocardiographic mean transvalvular gradients always should be reported with what?

Output: heart rate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Doppler echocardiographic mean transvalvular gradients always should be reported with what?. ### Response: heart rate.


Instruction: What should be reported with heart rate because a high heart rate will result in overestimation of stenosis severity?

Output: transvalvular gradients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be reported with heart rate because a high heart rate will result in overestimation of stenosis severity?. ### Response: transvalvular gradients.


Instruction: Estimated RV systolic pressure is obtained from what?

Output: the TR velocity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Estimated RV systolic pressure is obtained from what?. ### Response: the TR velocity.


Instruction: Concomitant MR should be quan-tified along with what other valve lesions?

Output: LA thrombus

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Concomitant MR should be quan-tified along with what other valve lesions?. ### Response: LA thrombus.


Instruction: How many scores are available for evalua-tion of mitral valve morphology and prediction of outcomes with PMBC?

Output: Several

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many scores are available for evalua-tion of mitral valve morphology and prediction of outcomes with PMBC?. ### Response: Several.


Instruction: What are scores considered for valve thickening, mobility, and calcification with subvalvular chordal fusion?

Output: PMBC

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are scores considered for valve thickening, mobility, and calcification with subvalvular chordal fusion?. ### Response: PMBC.


Instruction: Characterization of what predicts suitability for commissurotomy?

Output: commissural morphology and calcification fur -ther

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Characterization of what predicts suitability for commissurotomy?. ### Response: commissural morphology and calcification fur -ther.


Instruction: What is an additional assessment of rheumatic MS?

Output: TEE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an additional assessment of rheumatic MS?. ### Response: TEE.


Instruction: What parameter is also affected by LA and LV compliance?

Output: ral pressure half-time

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What parameter is also affected by LA and LV compliance?. ### Response: ral pressure half-time.


Instruction: TEE offers excellent visualization of what?

Output: the mitral valve and LA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: TEE offers excellent visualization of what?. ### Response: the mitral valve and LA.


Instruction: What equation should be considered?

Output: continuity equation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What equation should be considered?. ### Response: continuity equation.


Instruction: What offers excellent visualization of the mitral valve and LA?

Output: TEE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What offers excellent visualization of the mitral valve and LA?. ### Response: TEE.


Instruction: TEE offers an alternative approach to assessment of what?

Output: rheumatic MS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: TEE offers an alternative approach to assessment of what?. ### Response: rheumatic MS.


Instruction: How can TEE rule out LA cavity and appendage thrombi?

Output: In patients being considered for PMBC

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can TEE rule out LA cavity and appendage thrombi?. ### Response: In patients being considered for PMBC.


Instruction: What can shadowing of the LA on TTE result in?

Output: underestimation of MR severity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can shadowing of the LA on TTE result in?. ### Response: underestimation of MR severity.


Instruction: What is more than mild a contraindication to PMBC?

Output: MR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is more than mild a contraindication to PMBC?. ### Response: MR.


Instruction: What is a change in symptoms attributable to disease progression?

Output: recurrent episodes of rheu-matic fever leading to further valve damage

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a change in symptoms attributable to disease progression?. ### Response: recurrent episodes of rheu-matic fever leading to further valve damage.


Instruction: What can cause progressive narrowing of the mitral valve?

Output: leaflet fibro-sis and thickening

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can cause progressive narrowing of the mitral valve?. ### Response: leaflet fibro-sis and thickening.


Instruction: What can be attributed to leaflet fibro-sis and thickening?

Output: progressive narrowing of the mitral valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be attributed to leaflet fibro-sis and thickening?. ### Response: progressive narrowing of the mitral valve.


Instruction: What is a cause of increased he-modynamic load?

Output: pregnancy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a cause of increased he-modynamic load?. ### Response: pregnancy.


Instruction: What is an example of a pregnancy?

Output: rheumatic MS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an example of a pregnancy?. ### Response: rheumatic MS.


Instruction: What may cause transientdecreases in cardiac output?

Output: cardiac manipulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may cause transientdecreases in cardiac output?. ### Response: cardiac manipulation.


Instruction: How many observational studies were included in a meta-analysis of 6RCTs and 16 studies?

Output: 1017

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many observational studies were included in a meta-analysis of 6RCTs and 16 studies?. ### Response: 1017.


Instruction: How many patients underwent off-pump CABG?

Output: 27 806

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients underwent off-pump CABG?. ### Response: 27 806.


Instruction: What type of CABG was found to have a modest beneficial effect on the incidence of AKI?

Output: off-pump

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of CABG was found to have a modest beneficial effect on the incidence of AKI?. ### Response: off-pump.


Instruction: How many people were enrolled in another published RCT?

Output: 2203

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many people were enrolled in another published RCT?. ### Response: 2203.


Instruction: What percentage of patients had AKI-dialysis on and off-pump CABG?

Output: 0.8%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of patients had AKI-dialysis on and off-pump CABG?. ### Response: 0.8%.


Instruction: What was the incidence of AKI in patients with renal dysfunction preoperatively?

Output: 974–976,978,996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the incidence of AKI in patients with renal dysfunction preoperatively?. ### Response: 974–976,978,996.


Instruction: Why are RCTs underpowered to detect a difference in outcome?

Output: Considering the low (approxi-mately 1%) incidence of AKI–dialysis in subjects undergoingCABG

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why are RCTs underpowered to detect a difference in outcome?. ### Response: Considering the low (approxi-mately 1%) incidence of AKI–dialysis in subjects undergoingCABG.


Instruction: What is induced to reduce blood viscosity and plasma oncotic pressure to improve regional blood flow in the setting of hypothermia andhypoperfusion?

Output: hemodilution

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is induced to reduce blood viscosity and plasma oncotic pressure to improve regional blood flow in the setting of hypothermia andhypoperfusion?. ### Response: hemodilution.


Instruction: What is associated with increased adverse events and in-hospitaldeaths?

Output: an excessively low hematocrit

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is associated with increased adverse events and in-hospitaldeaths?. ### Response: an excessively low hematocrit.


Instruction: In patients undergoing isolated CABG, what was the mortality rate of patients with a single hemat-ocrit value?

Output: /H1102119%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In patients undergoing isolated CABG, what was the mortality rate of patients with a single hemat-ocrit value?. ### Response: /H1102119%.


Instruction: What should be avoided?

Output: AKI–dialysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be avoided?. ### Response: AKI–dialysis.


Instruction: What is a hematocrit /H1102119% on CPB?

Output: should be avoided

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a hematocrit /H1102119% on CPB?. ### Response: should be avoided.


Instruction: No drugs have been identified that prevent or alleviate what?

Output: CABG-associated AKI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: No drugs have been identified that prevent or alleviate what?. ### Response: CABG-associated AKI.


Instruction: What reduces proinflam-matory cytokine release, oxygen free radical generation, andperfusion injury?

Output: N-acetylcysteine

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What reduces proinflam-matory cytokine release, oxygen free radical generation, andperfusion injury?. ### Response: N-acetylcysteine.


Instruction: How many RCTs containing data from 1163 patients showed that N-acetylcysteine did not reduce theincidence of AKI?

Output: 10

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many RCTs containing data from 1163 patients showed that N-acetylcysteine did not reduce theincidence of AKI?. ### Response: 10.


Instruction: What did not reduce theincidence of AKI and AKI-dialysis?

Output: N-acetylcysteine

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did not reduce theincidence of AKI and AKI-dialysis?. ### Response: N-acetylcysteine.


Instruction: What was shown to reduce peak postop-erative serum creatinine concentrations, increase urine out-put and reduce the need for dialysis in individuals withnormal renal function preoperatively?

Output: peptide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was shown to reduce peak postop-erative serum creatinine concentrations, increase urine out-put and reduce the need for dialysis in individuals withnormal renal function preoperatively?. ### Response: peptide.


Instruction: What did not preventAKI-dialysis in patients with preexisting renaldysfunction?

Output: peptide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did not preventAKI-dialysis in patients with preexisting renaldysfunction?. ### Response: peptide.


Instruction: What is fenoldopam a selective dopamine D1receptor agonist that causes vasodilatation and increases renal cortical and outermedullary blood flow?

Output: 996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is fenoldopam a selective dopamine D1receptor agonist that causes vasodilatation and increases renal cortical and outermedullary blood flow?. ### Response: 996.


Instruction: How many studies showed that fenoldopam exerts a beneficial effect on renal function?

Output: case-matchedstudies

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many studies showed that fenoldopam exerts a beneficial effect on renal function?. ### Response: case-matchedstudies.


Instruction: What was the effect on the need for renal replacement therapy compared to standard therapy?

Output: reduced

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the effect on the need for renal replacement therapy compared to standard therapy?. ### Response: reduced.


Instruction: What did serum creatinine concentration counterbalance?

Output: increased rate of hypotension

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did serum creatinine concentration counterbalance?. ### Response: increased rate of hypotension.


Instruction: What did the increased rate of hypotension and vasopressor require?

Output: cardiac manipulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the increased rate of hypotension and vasopressor require?. ### Response: cardiac manipulation.


Instruction: What is often associated with the development of AT, atrial flutter, or AF in ACHD patients?

Output: progressive hemodynamic deterioration of the underlying disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is often associated with the development of AT, atrial flutter, or AF in ACHD patients?. ### Response: progressive hemodynamic deterioration of the underlying disease.


Instruction: What does not eliminate atrial arrhythmias?

Output: Surgical treatment of the hemodynamic problems

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does not eliminate atrial arrhythmias?. ### Response: Surgical treatment of the hemodynamic problems.


Instruction: Surgical treatment of the hemodynamic problems does not what?

Output: eliminate atrial arrhythmias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Surgical treatment of the hemodynamic problems does not what?. ### Response: eliminate atrial arrhythmias.


Instruction: What could cause significant hemodynamic issues to progress and potentially deteriorate?

Output: ablation of atrial arrhythmias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What could cause significant hemodynamic issues to progress and potentially deteriorate?. ### Response: ablation of atrial arrhythmias.


Instruction: What does successful treatment involve assessing both the arrhythmia and the contributing hemodynamic changes?

Output: addressing both when indicated and feasible

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does successful treatment involve assessing both the arrhythmia and the contributing hemodynamic changes?. ### Response: addressing both when indicated and feasible.


Instruction: What did adults with unoperated atrial septal defects and atrial arrhythmias demonstrate the importance of?

Output: an integrated approach for arrhythmia and hemodynamic problems

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did adults with unoperated atrial septal defects and atrial arrhythmias demonstrate the importance of?. ### Response: an integrated approach for arrhythmia and hemodynamic problems.


Instruction: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, and single-ventricle physiology are at highest risk of what?

Output: arrhythmia development

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, and single-ventricle physiology are at highest risk of what?. ### Response: arrhythmia development.


Instruction: What is the highest risk of arrhythmia development?

Output: tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, and single-ventricle physiology

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the highest risk of arrhythmia development?. ### Response: tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, and single-ventricle physiology.


Instruction: Patients with ASD who underwent surgery before the age of 25 years had better long-term outcomes and a lower incidence of what?

Output: atrial arrhythmias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with ASD who underwent surgery before the age of 25 years had better long-term outcomes and a lower incidence of what?. ### Response: atrial arrhythmias.


Instruction: Who had surgery later in life?

Output: Arrhythmias

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who had surgery later in life?. ### Response: Arrhythmias.


Instruction: Closure of significant atrial septal defects in adults had what effect?

Output: improves morbidity and survival

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Closure of significant atrial septal defects in adults had what effect?. ### Response: improves morbidity and survival.


Instruction: What improves morbidity and survival in adults even later in life?

Output: Closure of significant atrial septal defects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What improves morbidity and survival in adults even later in life?. ### Response: Closure of significant atrial septal defects.


Instruction: What is associated with new (7%) or recurrent (60%) AT?

Output: morbidity and survival476

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is associated with new (7%) or recurrent (60%) AT?. ### Response: morbidity and survival476.


Instruction: Arrhythmias still can be treated when they develop later after what?

Output: surgical corrections

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Arrhythmias still can be treated when they develop later after what?. ### Response: surgical corrections.


Instruction: What is highly successful with catheter ablation?

Output: atrial arrhythmias associated with ASD repair

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is highly successful with catheter ablation?. ### Response: atrial arrhythmias associated with ASD repair.


Instruction: What are the acute success rates reported as?

Output: 93% to 100%.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the acute success rates reported as?. ### Response: 93% to 100%..


Instruction: Patients with unoperated significant ASD and arrhythmias should undergo ablation of the AT as well as what?

Output: closure of the ASD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with unoperated significant ASD and arrhythmias should undergo ablation of the AT as well as what?. ### Response: closure of the ASD.


Instruction: What is determined by anatomic features of the ASD likely to be successfully addressed with a catheter approach?

Output: The choice of catheter versus surgical approaches to therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is determined by anatomic features of the ASD likely to be successfully addressed with a catheter approach?. ### Response: The choice of catheter versus surgical approaches to therapy.


Instruction: No randomized comparison trials of catheter versus surgical closure of ASD combined with arrhythmia intervention have been reported?

Output: catheter approach

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: No randomized comparison trials of catheter versus surgical closure of ASD combined with arrhythmia intervention have been reported?. ### Response: catheter approach.


Instruction: What type of surgery can be safely performed for AT or fibrillation?

Output: Surgical closure of large ASDs combined with arrhythmia surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of surgery can be safely performed for AT or fibrillation?. ### Response: Surgical closure of large ASDs combined with arrhythmia surgery.


Instruction: How much occurrence of AF was reported during 2 years of follow-up?

Output: 6.5%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much occurrence of AF was reported during 2 years of follow-up?. ### Response: 6.5%.


Instruction: What can be effective for acute treatment in ACHD patients?

Output: Intravenous ibutilide or procainamide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be effective for acute treatment in ACHD patients?. ### Response: Intravenous ibutilide or procainamide.


Instruction: What can be effective for acute treatment in ACHD patients and atrial flutter who are hemodynamically stable?

Output: Intravenous ibutilide or procainamide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be effective for acute treatment in ACHD patients and atrial flutter who are hemodynamically stable?. ### Response: Intravenous ibutilide or procainamide.


Instruction: What did a small observational study report that intravenous ibutilide was successful in conversion of 71% of acute episodes of?

Output: atrial flutter

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did a small observational study report that intravenous ibutilide was successful in conversion of 71% of acute episodes of?. ### Response: atrial flutter.


Instruction: What was reported in 2.7% of ACHD episodes?

Output: torsades de pointes or nonsustained VT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was reported in 2.7% of ACHD episodes?. ### Response: torsades de pointes or nonsustained VT.


Instruction: Pretreatment with what may reduce the incidence of postibutilide ventricular arrhythmias?

Output: magnesium

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Pretreatment with what may reduce the incidence of postibutilide ventricular arrhythmias?. ### Response: magnesium.