Instruction: What type of lupus erythematosus have a 50% increased risk of death?

Output: systemic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of lupus erythematosus have a 50% increased risk of death?. ### Response: systemic.


Instruction: What is an increased risk of in people with systemic lupus erythematosus and advanced psoriasis?

Output: CVD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an increased risk of in people with systemic lupus erythematosus and advanced psoriasis?. ### Response: CVD.


Instruction: What is HIV infection associated with?

Output: an increased risk of an ASCVD event

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is HIV infection associated with?. ### Response: an increased risk of an ASCVD event.


Instruction: What is an increased risk of MI in association with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy?

Output: S4.5.5-8 There is an increased risk of MI in association with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy, and MI rates are increased in individuals with HIV

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an increased risk of MI in association with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy?. ### Response: S4.5.5-8 There is an increased risk of MI in association with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy, and MI rates are increased in individuals with HIV.


Instruction: MI rates are increased in individuals with what?

Output: HIV

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: MI rates are increased in individuals with what?. ### Response: HIV.


Instruction: What are mediators of atheroscle-rosis progression and development?

Output: Inflammation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are mediators of atheroscle-rosis progression and development?. ### Response: Inflammation.


Instruction: What is often present in HIV-infected individuals and further increases ASCVD risk?

Output: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is often present in HIV-infected individuals and further increases ASCVD risk?. ### Response: Coinfection with hepatitis C virus.


Instruction: What has not been well validated for adults with chronic inflam-matory disorders or HIV infection?

Output: The accuracy of the ASCVD risk estimator

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has not been well validated for adults with chronic inflam-matory disorders or HIV infection?. ### Response: The accuracy of the ASCVD risk estimator.


Instruction: What has often resulted in underestimation of actual risk and the potential for undertreat-ment with pharmacological therapy?

Output: Assessment of traditional risk factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has often resulted in underestimation of actual risk and the potential for undertreat-ment with pharmacological therapy?. ### Response: Assessment of traditional risk factors.


Instruction: Traditional risk factors should be assessed early in the disease process and then what?

Output: modified

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Traditional risk factors should be assessed early in the disease process and then what?. ### Response: modified.


Instruction: Rates of smok-ing in HIV-infected adults have generally been how many times?

Output: 2 to 3 times

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Rates of smok-ing in HIV-infected adults have generally been how many times?. ### Response: 2 to 3 times.


Instruction: How many times have HIV-infected adults been compared to the general population?

Output: 2 to 3 times

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many times have HIV-infected adults been compared to the general population?. ### Response: 2 to 3 times.


Instruction: Multiple studies have demonstrated underestimation of ASCVD risk in patients with chronic inflam-matory conditions or HIV?

Output: S4.5.5-15,S4.5.5-16

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Multiple studies have demonstrated underestimation of ASCVD risk in patients with chronic inflam-matory conditions or HIV?. ### Response: S4.5.5-15,S4.5.5-16.


Instruction: Antiretroviral therapy may adversely affect what?

Output: lipid levels, glycemic control, and endothelial function

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Antiretroviral therapy may adversely affect what?. ### Response: lipid levels, glycemic control, and endothelial function.


Instruction: What is the most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons?

Output: elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons?. ### Response: elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C.


Instruction: What may the use of prednisone in chronic inflammatory diseases worsen?

Output: glycemic control and dyslipidemia

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may the use of prednisone in chronic inflammatory diseases worsen?. ### Response: glycemic control and dyslipidemia.


Instruction: What is the most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons with HIV infection?

Output: elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons with HIV infection?. ### Response: elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C.


Instruction: What is an elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C?

Output: The most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons with HIV infection

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an elevated triglycer -ide level with a low HDL-C?. ### Response: The most common lipid abnormality phenotype in persons with HIV infection.


Instruction: Preoperative use of what increases the risk of postoperative bleeding andre-exploration in cardiac surgery patients?

Output: enoxaparin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Preoperative use of what increases the risk of postoperative bleeding andre-exploration in cardiac surgery patients?. ### Response: enoxaparin.


Instruction: What is the difference between preoperative use and unfractionated heparin?

Output: increases theincidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between preoperative use and unfractionated heparin?. ### Response: increases theincidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding.


Instruction: What increases the incidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding after open-heartsurgery in patients with an acute coronary syndrome?

Output: Preoperative use ofenoxaparin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What increases the incidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding after open-heartsurgery in patients with an acute coronary syndrome?. ### Response: Preoperative use ofenoxaparin.


Instruction: What does unfractionated heparin increase?

Output: theincidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does unfractionated heparin increase?. ### Response: theincidence of re-exploration for postoperative bleeding.


Instruction: When was Circulation. 106:I19-22.1067 published?

Output: 2002

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was Circulation. 106:I19-22.1067 published?. ### Response: 2002.


Instruction: What are bleeding indices inpatients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?

Output: preoperativeenoxaparin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are bleeding indices inpatients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?. ### Response: preoperativeenoxaparin.


Instruction: What is not a risk factor for postoperative bleeding after coronaryartery bypass surgery?

Output: Preoperative use ofenoxaparin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not a risk factor for postoperative bleeding after coronaryartery bypass surgery?. ### Response: Preoperative use ofenoxaparin.


Instruction: What does BHACAS 1 and 2 do?

Output: a pooled analysis of tworandomised controlled trials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does BHACAS 1 and 2 do?. ### Response: a pooled analysis of tworandomised controlled trials.


Instruction: What is the name of the pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials?

Output: Beating Heart Against Car-dioplegic Arrest Studies

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the pooled analysis of two randomised controlled trials?. ### Response: Beating Heart Against Car-dioplegic Arrest Studies.


Instruction: When was the Lancet 359:1194–9.1070?

Output: 2002

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Lancet 359:1194–9.1070?. ### Response: 2002.


Instruction: What reduces mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization?

Output: off-pump coronaryartery bypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What reduces mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization?. ### Response: off-pump coronaryartery bypass.


Instruction: What is off-pump coronaryartery bypass compared to?

Output: conventional coronary artery bypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is off-pump coronaryartery bypass compared to?. ### Response: conventional coronary artery bypass.


Instruction: When did anesthesiology issue 102:188–203.1071.

Output: 2005

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did anesthesiology issue 102:188–203.1071.. ### Response: 2005.


Instruction: What did Czerny M, Baumer H, Kilo J, et al. do?

Output: Complete revascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Czerny M, Baumer H, Kilo J, et al. do?. ### Response: Complete revascularization.


Instruction: What does off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting provide?

Output: complete revascularization with reduced myo-cardial injury, transfusion requirements, and length of stay

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting provide?. ### Response: complete revascularization with reduced myo-cardial injury, transfusion requirements, and length of stay.


Instruction: How many patients were randomized in a pro-spective randomized study?

Output: two hundred

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were randomized in a pro-spective randomized study?. ### Response: two hundred.


Instruction: What type of graft provides complete revascularization with reduced myo-cardial injury?

Output: Off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of graft provides complete revascularization with reduced myo-cardial injury?. ### Response: Off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting.


Instruction: What is the difference between off-pump and conventional coronary artery bypassgrafting?

Output: reduce mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between off-pump and conventional coronary artery bypassgrafting?. ### Response: reduce mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization.


Instruction: When was the J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 125:797–808.1073?

Output: 2003

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 125:797–808.1073?. ### Response: 2003.


Instruction: What is one of the most current best available evidence regarding postoperative bleeding?

Output: Impact of off-pump coronary artery bypasssurgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is one of the most current best available evidence regarding postoperative bleeding?. ### Response: Impact of off-pump coronary artery bypasssurgery.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study?

Output: Beating Heart Against Car-dioplegic Arrest Studies

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study?. ### Response: Beating Heart Against Car-dioplegic Arrest Studies.


Instruction: What is one of the effects of red celltransfusion after cardiac surgery?

Output: Persistent effect of red celltransfusion on health-related quality of life

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is one of the effects of red celltransfusion after cardiac surgery?. ### Response: Persistent effect of red celltransfusion on health-related quality of life.


Instruction: What is the effect of red celltransfusion on quality of life after cardiac surgery?

Output: Persistent

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of red celltransfusion on quality of life after cardiac surgery?. ### Response: Persistent.


Instruction: What did Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP say about excessive postoperative blood transfusion after cardiac procedures?

Output: Limiting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP say about excessive postoperative blood transfusion after cardiac procedures?. ### Response: Limiting.


Instruction: When was the ACCF/AHA CABG Guideline e725 downloaded?

Output: April 26, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the ACCF/AHA CABG Guideline e725 downloaded?. ### Response: April 26, 2023.


Instruction: What is the 2013 ACCF/AHA STEMI Guideline e409271?

Output: O’Gara et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 2013 ACCF/AHA STEMI Guideline e409271?. ### Response: O’Gara et al.


Instruction: How long does it take to survive in a randomized trial of facilitated reperfusion?

Output: 1-Year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to survive in a randomized trial of facilitated reperfusion?. ### Response: 1-Year.


Instruction: What is the name of the Stop Events trial?

Output: FINESSE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Stop Events trial?. ### Response: FINESSE.


Instruction: When was the stop events trial conducted?

Output: 2009

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the stop events trial conducted?. ### Response: 2009.


Instruction: What was the outcome of the early versus late administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors?

Output: intravenous versus intracoronary

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the outcome of the early versus late administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors?. ### Response: intravenous versus intracoronary.


Instruction: How was abciximab used in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention?

Output: Randomized early versus late

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How was abciximab used in acute myocardial infarction treated with primary coronary intervention?. ### Response: Randomized early versus late.


Instruction: When was the RELAx-AMI Trial conducted?

Output: 2007

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the RELAx-AMI Trial conducted?. ### Response: 2007.


Instruction: What was the name of the study that evaluated abcximabe?

Output: RELAx-AMI Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the study that evaluated abcximabe?. ### Response: RELAx-AMI Trial.


Instruction: How did the study compare primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions?

Output: quantitative review of randomised trials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did the study compare primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions?. ### Response: quantitative review of randomised trials.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarc-tion?

Output: randomized double-blind trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarc-tion?. ### Response: randomized double-blind trial.


Instruction: What is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of tirofiban?

Output: On-TIME 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial of tirofiban?. ### Response: On-TIME 2.


Instruction: How many patients were enrolled in the On-TIME 2 study?

Output: multicentre

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were enrolled in the On-TIME 2 study?. ### Response: multicentre.


Instruction: What is the name of the multicentre, double-blind, ran-domised controlled trial?

Output: On-TIME 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the multicentre, double-blind, ran-domised controlled trial?. ### Response: On-TIME 2.


Instruction: When was the AGIR-2 study conducted?

Output: 2010

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the AGIR-2 study conducted?. ### Response: 2010.


Instruction: What is a primary percutaneous intervention?

Output: AGIR-2 study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a primary percutaneous intervention?. ### Response: AGIR-2 study.


Instruction: What is EGYPT-ALT?

Output: Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibi-tors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is EGYPT-ALT?. ### Response: Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibi-tors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results.


Instruction: What is the name of the meta-analysis of individual patient's data?

Output: Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibi-tors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results (EGYPT-ALT) cooperation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the meta-analysis of individual patient's data?. ### Response: Early glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibi-tors in primary angioplasty-abciximab long-term results (EGYPT-ALT) cooperation.


Instruction: When was the JThromb Haemost published?

Output: 2011

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the JThromb Haemost published?. ### Response: 2011.


Instruction: How was the study performed?

Output: randomized double-blind trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How was the study performed?. ### Response: randomized double-blind trial.


Instruction: What was the primary percu-taneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel loading?

Output: Abciximab

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the primary percu-taneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel loading?. ### Response: Abciximab.


Instruction: What did Bellandi F, Maioli M, Gallopin M, et al. do with intracoronary abciximab downstream of the coronary occlusion?

Output: Increase of myocardial salvage and left ventricular function recovery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Bellandi F, Maioli M, Gallopin M, et al. do with intracoronary abciximab downstream of the coronary occlusion?. ### Response: Increase of myocardial salvage and left ventricular function recovery.


Instruction: How is acute myocardial infarction treated?

Output: primary coronary intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is acute myocardial infarction treated?. ### Response: primary coronary intervention.


Instruction: What is the optimal route of administration of abciximab?

Output: intravenous versus intracoronary

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the optimal route of administration of abciximab?. ### Response: intravenous versus intracoronary.


Instruction: When was the catheter cardio-vasc interv.62:186–92.280?

Output: 2004

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the catheter cardio-vasc interv.62:186–92.280?. ### Response: 2004.


Instruction: What is the optimal route of administration of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention?

Output: intravenous versus intracoronary

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the optimal route of administration of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention?. ### Response: intravenous versus intracoronary.


Instruction: What is a comparison of intracoro-nary vs. intravenous administration in coronary stenting?

Output: abciximab

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a comparison of intracoro-nary vs. intravenous administration in coronary stenting?. ### Response: abciximab.


Instruction: What is abciximab used for in coronary stenting?

Output: primary coronary intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is abciximab used for in coronary stenting?. ### Response: primary coronary intervention.


Instruction: When did Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004:61:31–4?

Output: 2004

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2004:61:31–4?. ### Response: 2004.


Instruction: What is the acronym for the American Heart Association?

Output: AHA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the acronym for the American Heart Association?. ### Response: AHA.


Instruction: What does ASN stand for?

Output: American Society for Nutrition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does ASN stand for?. ### Response: American Society for Nutrition.


Instruction: How does DSMB stand for Data and Safety Monitoring Board?

Output: DSMB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does DSMB stand for Data and Safety Monitoring Board?. ### Response: DSMB.


Instruction: Which journal is the Journal of the American Medical Association affiliated with?

Output: JAMA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which journal is the Journal of the American Medical Association affiliated with?. ### Response: JAMA.


Instruction: What does LDL-C stand for?

Output: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does LDL-C stand for?. ### Response: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.


Instruction: What is the acronym for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol?

Output: LDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the acronym for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol?. ### Response: LDL-C.


Instruction: NHLBI stands for what?

Output: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: NHLBI stands for what?. ### Response: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.


Instruction: NIDDK stands for National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Output: NIDDK, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; NIH, National Institutes of Health

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: NIDDK stands for National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.. ### Response: NIDDK, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; NIH, National Institutes of Health.


Instruction: What is the name of the research institute?

Output: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the research institute?. ### Response: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.


Instruction: Where is the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center located?

Output: UF, University of Florida

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center located?. ### Response: UF, University of Florida.


Instruction: What does UPMC stand for?

Output: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does UPMC stand for?. ### Response: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.


Instruction: Who is the VA?

Output: Veterans Affairs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the VA?. ### Response: Veterans Affairs.


Instruction: What is the salary of an expert witness?

Output: SalaryDownloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on May 1, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the salary of an expert witness?. ### Response: SalaryDownloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on May 1, 2023.


Instruction: When was the estimated salary of the expert witness downloaded?

Output: May 1, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the estimated salary of the expert witness downloaded?. ### Response: May 1, 2023.


Instruction: Where can you find more information about the salary and benefits of expert witnesses?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where can you find more information about the salary and benefits of expert witnesses?. ### Response: http://ahajournals.org.


Instruction: Who published the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseCirculation. 2021;143:e72–e227?

Output: Otto et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who published the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseCirculation. 2021;143:e72–e227?. ### Response: Otto et al.


Instruction: What is a risk of bleeding complications related to VKA therapy?

Output: more often require interruption of VKA therapy for noncardiac surgical and inter -ventional procedures

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a risk of bleeding complications related to VKA therapy?. ### Response: more often require interruption of VKA therapy for noncardiac surgical and inter -ventional procedures.


Instruction: What is a noncardiac surgical procedure called?

Output: inter -ventional

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a noncardiac surgical procedure called?. ### Response: inter -ventional.


Instruction: Why is it reasonable to use a bioprosthetic valve in patients >65 years of age?

Output: to avoid the risks of anticoagulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is it reasonable to use a bioprosthetic valve in patients >65 years of age?. ### Response: to avoid the risks of anticoagulation.


Instruction: What is the Ross procedure?

Output: Replacement of the aortic valve with a pulmo-nary autograft

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Ross procedure?. ### Response: Replacement of the aortic valve with a pulmo-nary autograft.


Instruction: What procedure replaces the aortic valve with a pulmo-nary autograft?

Output: Ross procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What procedure replaces the aortic valve with a pulmo-nary autograft?. ### Response: Ross procedure.


Instruction: What does the Ross procedure allow the patient to avoid?

Output: a prosthetic heart valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the Ross procedure allow the patient to avoid?. ### Response: a prosthetic heart valve.


Instruction: What is the pulmonary autograft called?

Output: neoaortic valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the pulmonary autograft called?. ### Response: neoaortic valve.


Instruction: The failure of the Ross procedure is most often attributable to what?

Output: regurgitation of the neoaortic valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The failure of the Ross procedure is most often attributable to what?. ### Response: regurgitation of the neoaortic valve.


Instruction: What is most often attributable to failure of the Ross procedure?

Output: regurgitation of the neoaortic valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is most often attributable to failure of the Ross procedure?. ### Response: regurgitation of the neoaortic valve.


Instruction: How many pulmonic homograft valves require reintervention within 10 to 20 years?

Output: at least half

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many pulmonic homograft valves require reintervention within 10 to 20 years?. ### Response: at least half.


Instruction: What may increase the difficulty of reoperation?

Output: Calcification of the homograft and adhesions between the homograft and neoaorta

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may increase the difficulty of reoperation?. ### Response: Calcification of the homograft and adhesions between the homograft and neoaorta.


Instruction: What procedure is reserved for younger patients with appropriate anatomy and tissue characteristics?

Output: The Ross procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What procedure is reserved for younger patients with appropriate anatomy and tissue characteristics?. ### Response: The Ross procedure.


Instruction: Who performs the Ross procedure?

Output: Comprehensive Valve Centers

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who performs the Ross procedure?. ### Response: Comprehensive Valve Centers.


Instruction: What is performed only at Comprehensive Valve Centers by surgeons experienced in this procedure?

Output: The Ross procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is performed only at Comprehensive Valve Centers by surgeons experienced in this procedure?. ### Response: The Ross procedure.


Instruction: What is summarized in the recommendations for Choice of SAVR Versus TAVI?

Output: expected patient longevity and valve durability

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is summarized in the recommendations for Choice of SAVR Versus TAVI?. ### Response: expected patient longevity and valve durability.


Instruction: How old are symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AS and any indication for AVR who are 65 years of age or have a life expectancy >20 years?

Output: 65 to 80 years of age

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How old are symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AS and any indication for AVR who are 65 years of age or have a life expectancy >20 years?. ### Response: 65 to 80 years of age.


Instruction: What is SAVR recommended for?

Output: symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AS and any indication for AVR who are <65 years of age or have a life expectancy >20 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is SAVR recommended for?. ### Response: symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with severe AS and any indication for AVR who are <65 years of age or have a life expectancy >20 years.


Instruction: How old are symptomatic patients with severe AS who have no anatomic contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?

Output: 65 to 80 years of age

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How old are symptomatic patients with severe AS who have no anatomic contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?. ### Response: 65 to 80 years of age.


Instruction: What is recommended after shared decision-making about the balance between expected patient longevity?

Output: either SAVR or transfemoral TAVI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended after shared decision-making about the balance between expected patient longevity?. ### Response: either SAVR or transfemoral TAVI.


Instruction: What is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe AS who are >80 years of age or for younger patients with a life expectancy 10 years and no anatomic contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?

Output: transfemoral TAVI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended for symptomatic patients with severe AS who are >80 years of age or for younger patients with a life expectancy 10 years and no anatomic contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?. ### Response: transfemoral TAVI.


Instruction: What is a contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?

Output: anatomic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a contraindication to transfemoral TAVI?. ### Response: anatomic.


Instruction: What is recommended in preference to SAVR?

Output: transfemoral TAVI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended in preference to SAVR?. ### Response: transfemoral TAVI.


Instruction: In asymptomatic patients with severe AS and an LVEF 50% who are 80 years of age and have no anatomic contrainedication?

Output: transfemoral TAVI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In asymptomatic patients with severe AS and an LVEF 50% who are 80 years of age and have no anatomic contrainedication?. ### Response: transfemoral TAVI.


Instruction: What is considered a minimal improvement in risk prediction in adult women in a large clinical trial?

Output: minimal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is considered a minimal improvement in risk prediction in adult women in a large clinical trial?. ### Response: minimal.


Instruction: In the present document, an elevation of Lp(a) is considered what?

Output: a risk-enhancing factor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In the present document, an elevation of Lp(a) is considered what?. ### Response: a risk-enhancing factor.


Instruction: What is an elevation of Lp(a) considered to be?

Output: a risk-enhancing factor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an elevation of Lp(a) considered to be?. ### Response: a risk-enhancing factor.


Instruction: What is used in women only in the presence of hypercholesterolemia?

Output: values

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used in women only in the presence of hypercholesterolemia?. ### Response: values.


Instruction: What has been consistently shown to reduce the risk of ASCVD?

Output: LDL-C lowering

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been consistently shown to reduce the risk of ASCVD?. ### Response: LDL-C lowering.


Instruction: What did one large meta-analysisS2.4-1 of statin clinical trials show?

Output: a progressive reduction in risk of major ASCVD events with lower on-treatment LDL-C levels

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did one large meta-analysisS2.4-1 of statin clinical trials show?. ### Response: a progressive reduction in risk of major ASCVD events with lower on-treatment LDL-C levels.


Instruction: How much reduction in LDL-C levels is accompanied by a 21% reduction in ASCVD risk?

Output: 38.7-mg/dL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much reduction in LDL-C levels is accompanied by a 21% reduction in ASCVD risk?. ### Response: 38.7-mg/dL.


Instruction: In clinical practice, absolute responses to statin therapy de-pend on what?

Output: baseline LDL-C concentrations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In clinical practice, absolute responses to statin therapy de-pend on what?. ### Response: baseline LDL-C concentrations.


Instruction: What does a given dose of statins produce?

Output: a similar percentage reduction in LDL-C levels

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does a given dose of statins produce?. ### Response: a similar percentage reduction in LDL-C levels.


Instruction: What is a more reliable indicator of statin efficacy?

Output: percentage reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a more reliable indicator of statin efficacy?. ### Response: percentage reduction.


Instruction: What is used in follow-up monitoring of patients?

Output: percentage reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used in follow-up monitoring of patients?. ### Response: percentage reduction.


Instruction: What is used in follow-up monitoring of patients to estimate the efficacy of statin therapy?

Output: percentage reduction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used in follow-up monitoring of patients to estimate the efficacy of statin therapy?. ### Response: percentage reduction.


Instruction: A lowering of LDL-C levels of what percentage gives an approximate 1% reduction in the risk of ASCVD?

Output: 1%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A lowering of LDL-C levels of what percentage gives an approximate 1% reduction in the risk of ASCVD?. ### Response: 1%.


Instruction: What do the AHA and ACC recommend for the general public and for patients at risk for ASCVD?

Output: healthy diet

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do the AHA and ACC recommend for the general public and for patients at risk for ASCVD?. ### Response: healthy diet.


Instruction: What are the essentials of a healthy diet?

Output: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, healthy protein sources (low-fat dairy products, low-fat poultry (without the skin), fish/seafood, and nuts), and nontropical vegetable oils

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the essentials of a healthy diet?. ### Response: vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, healthy protein sources (low-fat dairy products, low-fat poultry (without the skin), fish/seafood, and nuts), and nontropical vegetable oils.


Instruction: What should patients consume that emphasizes intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and healthy protein sources?

Output: a dietary pattern

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should patients consume that emphasizes intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and healthy protein sources?. ### Response: a dietary pattern.


Instruction: Low-fat poultry (without the skin), fish/seafood, nuts, and nuts are examples of what type of oils?

Output: nontropical vegetable oils

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Low-fat poultry (without the skin), fish/seafood, nuts, and nuts are examples of what type of oils?. ### Response: nontropical vegetable oils.


Instruction: Sweets, sugar-sweetened bev-erages, and red meats should be limited to what?

Output: intake

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Sweets, sugar-sweetened bev-erages, and red meats should be limited to what?. ### Response: intake.


Instruction: What should be adjusted to appropriate calorie requirements, personal and cultural food preferences and nutritional therapy for?

Output: other medical conditions including diabetes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be adjusted to appropriate calorie requirements, personal and cultural food preferences and nutritional therapy for?. ### Response: other medical conditions including diabetes.


Instruction: What should be adjusted to avoid weight gain?

Output: Caloric intake

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be adjusted to avoid weight gain?. ### Response: Caloric intake.


Instruction: Adults should be advised to engage in how many sessions per week?

Output: 3-4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Adults should be advised to engage in how many sessions per week?. ### Response: 3-4.


Instruction: How long should aerobic physical activity last?

Output: 40 minutes per session

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long should aerobic physical activity last?. ### Response: 40 minutes per session.


Instruction: How long is a week of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity?

Output: 40 minutes per session

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is a week of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity?. ### Response: 40 minutes per session.


Instruction: What is the average age of a person per session?

Output: 40 minutes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the average age of a person per session?. ### Response: 40 minutes.


Instruction: What should be emphasised?

Output: longitudinal and individualised approach

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be emphasised?. ### Response: longitudinal and individualised approach.


Instruction: Who should review the patient's clinical record at least every six months?

Output: the  general practitioner

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who should review the patient's clinical record at least every six months?. ### Response: the  general practitioner.


Instruction: What should enable active management of comorbidities?

Output: the  patient’s clinical record

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should enable active management of comorbidities?. ### Response: the  patient’s clinical record.


Instruction: What should enable active management of comorbidities and early identification of other service needs?

Output: the  patient’s clinical record

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should enable active management of comorbidities and early identification of other service needs?. ### Response: the  patient’s clinical record.


Instruction: What should GP-led review not duplicate?

Output: the work of the MDT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should GP-led review not duplicate?. ### Response: the work of the MDT.


Instruction: What is the purpose of GP-led review?

Output: to address the wider concerns of the person with CHF

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the purpose of GP-led review?. ### Response: to address the wider concerns of the person with CHF.


Instruction: How many monthly clinical reviews of patients with heart failure are recommended?

Output: 6

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many monthly clinical reviews of patients with heart failure are recommended?. ### Response: 6.


Instruction: What does the guideline not duplicate?

Output: the work of the MDT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the guideline not duplicate?. ### Response: the work of the MDT.


Instruction: What may be a higher risk of adverse events with aggressiveBP control in individuals who are prone to becomedehydrated and are at risk of AKI?

Output: children with CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be a higher risk of adverse events with aggressiveBP control in individuals who are prone to becomedehydrated and are at risk of AKI?. ### Response: children with CKD.


Instruction: Children with CKD and congenital anomalies of the kidneyand urinary tract (CAKUT) may not be able to concentrate what?

Output: urine

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Children with CKD and congenital anomalies of the kidneyand urinary tract (CAKUT) may not be able to concentrate what?. ### Response: urine.


Instruction: What is CAKUT?

Output: congenital anomalies of the kidneyand urinary tract

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is CAKUT?. ### Response: congenital anomalies of the kidneyand urinary tract.


Instruction: What is a potential CV end-organ bene fit?

Output: less left ventricular hypertrophy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a potential CV end-organ bene fit?. ### Response: less left ventricular hypertrophy.


Instruction: How long did the single RCT of BP control and kidney failure outcomes use?

Output: 24-hour MAP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the single RCT of BP control and kidney failure outcomes use?. ### Response: 24-hour MAP.


Instruction: What is considered the gold stan-dard metric for the assessment of BP in children?

Output: ABPM

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is considered the gold stan-dard metric for the assessment of BP in children?. ### Response: ABPM.


Instruction: What has been reported between ABPM and targetorgan damage in children compared with clinic BP values?

Output: strongerassociations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been reported between ABPM and targetorgan damage in children compared with clinic BP values?. ### Response: strongerassociations.


Instruction: What does the AAP recommend in children with CKD?

Output: Targeting BP control by ABPM

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the AAP recommend in children with CKD?. ### Response: Targeting BP control by ABPM.


Instruction: What is a reasonable alternative to standardized, protocol-driven BP measurement?

Output: eroid sphygmoma-nometer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a reasonable alternative to standardized, protocol-driven BP measurement?. ### Response: eroid sphygmoma-nometer.


Instruction: What provides prognostic information similar to that provided by ABPM?

Output: AHA Scienti ﬁc Statement onpediatric ABPM

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What provides prognostic information similar to that provided by ABPM?. ### Response: AHA Scienti ﬁc Statement onpediatric ABPM.


Instruction: What study showed that manual auscultatory clinic BPs are not inferior to ambulatory BP?

Output: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What study showed that manual auscultatory clinic BPs are not inferior to ambulatory BP?. ### Response: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study.


Instruction: What is essential for BP measurement?

Output: Proper technique

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is essential for BP measurement?. ### Response: Proper technique.


Instruction: What should be measured in the right arm using standard practices?

Output: BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be measured in the right arm using standard practices?. ### Response: BP.


Instruction: What is used in the clinic to obtain normative BP data in children?

Output: auscultatory BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used in the clinic to obtain normative BP data in children?. ### Response: auscultatory BP.


Instruction: What does the AAP 2017 Clinical Practice guidelines provide?

Output: considerable detail on correct BP measurement methods

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the AAP 2017 Clinical Practice guidelines provide?. ### Response: considerable detail on correct BP measurement methods.


Instruction: What are the differences between the values obtained by oscillometric and auscultatorymeasurements?

Output: signi ﬁcant differences

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the differences between the values obtained by oscillometric and auscultatorymeasurements?. ### Response: signi ﬁcant differences.


Instruction: What is the name of the chapter 5 of Kidney International (2021) 99, S1–S87?

Output: kidney-international.org

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the chapter 5 of Kidney International (2021) 99, S1–S87?. ### Response: kidney-international.org.


Instruction: What is the name of the guideline for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke?

Output: 2021 Guideline

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the guideline for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke?. ### Response: 2021 Guideline.


Instruction: What is AF in the setting of bioprosthetic valves?

Output: atrial fibrillation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is AF in the setting of bioprosthetic valves?. ### Response: atrial fibrillation.


Instruction: What are still considered nonvalvular valves?

Output: AF in the setting of bioprosthetic valves, mild mitral stenosis, and any native aortic, pulmonary, or tricuspid valve dis-ease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are still considered nonvalvular valves?. ### Response: AF in the setting of bioprosthetic valves, mild mitral stenosis, and any native aortic, pulmonary, or tricuspid valve dis-ease.


Instruction: What are DOACs used to prevent in patients with AF?

Output: thromboembolic complications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are DOACs used to prevent in patients with AF?. ### Response: thromboembolic complications.


Instruction: How many patients with VHD have a DOAC?

Output: 452–457

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients with VHD have a DOAC?. ### Response: 452–457.


Instruction: How many meta-analyses of randomized trials were conducted in patients with VHD?

Output: 452–457

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many meta-analyses of randomized trials were conducted in patients with VHD?. ### Response: 452–457.


Instruction: What are DOACs over warfarin therapy?

Output: apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are DOACs over warfarin therapy?. ### Response: apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban.


Instruction: In patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement, anticoagulation with what drug is recommended?

Output: warfarin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In patients with mechanical mitral valve replacement, anticoagulation with what drug is recommended?. ### Response: warfarin.


Instruction: What is the INR target for mitral valve replacement?

Output: 3.0

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the INR target for mitral valve replacement?. ### Response: 3.0.


Instruction: What is higher in patients with mechanical prostheses in the mitral compared with the aortic position?

Output: The inci-dence of thromboembolism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is higher in patients with mechanical prostheses in the mitral compared with the aortic position?. ### Response: The inci-dence of thromboembolism.


Instruction: In patients with a higher INR goal, what is the rate of thromboembolism?

Output: lower

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In patients with a higher INR goal, what is the rate of thromboembolism?. ### Response: lower.


Instruction: What is lower in patients with a higher INR goal?

Output: rate of thrombo-embolism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is lower in patients with a higher INR goal?. ### Response: rate of thrombo-embolism.


Instruction: What was associated with lower survival rates in the GELIA study?

Output: a lower INR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was associated with lower survival rates in the GELIA study?. ### Response: a lower INR.


Instruction: What is the INR range?

Output: 2.5–3.5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the INR range?. ### Response: 2.5–3.5.


Instruction: What is not recom-mendated in patients with mechanical valves?

Output: routine addition of aspirin to warfarin therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not recom-mendated in patients with mechanical valves?. ### Response: routine addition of aspirin to warfarin therapy.


Instruction: Patients with a history of ischemic stroke or TIA before the mechanical valve surgery represent a group with an inherently higher thrombo-embolic risk?

Output: the protection from recurrent thromboembolic events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with a history of ischemic stroke or TIA before the mechanical valve surgery represent a group with an inherently higher thrombo-embolic risk?. ### Response: the protection from recurrent thromboembolic events.


Instruction: Aspirin and warfarin therapy may outweigh the competing bleeding risk in whom?

Output: patients with a history of ischemic stroke or TIA before the mechanical valve surgery repre-sent a group with an inherently higher thrombo-embolic risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Aspirin and warfarin therapy may outweigh the competing bleeding risk in whom?. ### Response: patients with a history of ischemic stroke or TIA before the mechanical valve surgery repre-sent a group with an inherently higher thrombo-embolic risk.


Instruction: In the absence of AF, observational studies have reported conflicting results with regard to the asso -ciation between what two conditions?

Output: nonrheumatic mitral valve disease or native aortic disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In the absence of AF, observational studies have reported conflicting results with regard to the asso -ciation between what two conditions?. ### Response: nonrheumatic mitral valve disease or native aortic disease.


Instruction: What is the association between nonrheumatic mitral valve disease or native aortic disease and increased risk of throm -boembolic complications?

Output: asso -ciation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the association between nonrheumatic mitral valve disease or native aortic disease and increased risk of throm -boembolic complications?. ### Response: asso -ciation.


Instruction: What did an early case-con-trol study report that withral valve prolapse was associated with an increased risk for?

Output: ischemic stroke

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did an early case-con-trol study report that withral valve prolapse was associated with an increased risk for?. ### Response: ischemic stroke.


Instruction: What is the risk for stroke in people with mitral valve prolapse?

Output: <1% annually

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk for stroke in people with mitral valve prolapse?. ### Response: <1% annually.


Instruction: How many population-based cohort studies have evaluated the association between mitral annular calcification and stroke?

Output: 4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many population-based cohort studies have evaluated the association between mitral annular calcification and stroke?. ### Response: 4.


Instruction: How many strokes were there in Figure 3?

Output: 2.5–4.5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many strokes were there in Figure 3?. ### Response: 2.5–4.5.


Instruction: What is TIA?

Output: ischemic stroke

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is TIA?. ### Response: ischemic stroke.


Instruction: How do colors correspond to Class of Recommendation?

Output: Table 3

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do colors correspond to Class of Recommendation?. ### Response: Table 3.


Instruction: Abx indicates what?

Output: antibiotics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Abx indicates what?. ### Response: antibiotics.


Instruction: What should be managed as follows?

Output: Anticoagulant therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be managed as follows?. ### Response: Anticoagulant therapy.


Instruction: What should continue IV UFH for at least 48 hours or until discharge if given before diagnostic angiography?

Output: Anticoagulant therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should continue IV UFH for at least 48 hours or until discharge if given before diagnostic angiography?. ### Response: Anticoagulant therapy.


Instruction: How long should enoxaparin be given for duration of hospitalization?

Output: 8 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long should enoxaparin be given for duration of hospitalization?. ### Response: 8 days.


Instruction: How long can fondaparinux be given before diagnostic angiography?

Output: 8 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long can fondaparinux be given before diagnostic angiography?. ### Response: 8 days.


Instruction: What is the duration of hospitalization?

Output: up to 8 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the duration of hospitalization?. ### Response: up to 8 days.


Instruction: How long does fondaparainux last?

Output: up to 8 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does fondaparainux last?. ### Response: up to 8 days.


Instruction: How long can 0.25 mg/kg per hour last?

Output: up to 72 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long can 0.25 mg/kg per hour last?. ### Response: up to 72 hours.


Instruction: What is the level of evidence for UA/NSTEMI patients?

Output: B

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the level of evidence for UA/NSTEMI patients?. ### Response: B.


Instruction: What is the duration of antiplatelet therapy?

Output: up to 12months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the duration of antiplatelet therapy?. ### Response: up to 12months.


Instruction: How long is clopidogrel or ticagrelor* indefinitely?

Output: up to 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is clopidogrel or ticagrelor* indefinitely?. ### Response: up to 12 months.


Instruction: What should be continued for up to 12 months?

Output: clopidogrel or ticagrelor*

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be continued for up to 12 months?. ### Response: clopidogrel or ticagrelor*.


Instruction: What if started previously?

Output: Discontinue IV GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What if started previously?. ### Response: Discontinue IV GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor.


Instruction: How long does UFH last?

Output: 48 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does UFH last?. ### Response: 48 hours.


Instruction: What should be measured for UA/NSTEMI patients in whom an initial conservative strategy is selected and in whom no subsequent features appear that would necessitate diagnostic angiography?

Output: LVEF

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be measured for UA/NSTEMI patients in whom an initial conservative strategy is selected and in whom no subsequent features appear that would necessitate diagnostic angiography?. ### Response: LVEF.


Instruction: What is a class IIa1 inhibitor for UA/NSTEMI patients?

Output: GP IIb/IIIa

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a class IIa1 inhibitor for UA/NSTEMI patients?. ### Response: GP IIb/IIIa.


Instruction: What is an IV GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?

Output: abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an IV GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?. ### Response: abciximab, eptifibatide, or tirofiban.


Instruction: How many hours earlier was clopidogrel given to UA/NSTEMI patients?

Output: 6

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many hours earlier was clopidogrel given to UA/NSTEMI patients?. ### Response: 6.


Instruction: How many mg of bivalirudin was given at least 6 hours earlier than the anticoagulant?

Output: 300

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many mg of bivalirudin was given at least 6 hours earlier than the anticoagulant?. ### Response: 300.


Instruction: How many hours earlier was the dose of clopidogrel administered?

Output: 6

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many hours earlier was the dose of clopidogrel administered?. ### Response: 6.


Instruction: What is the level of evidence that the 2007 recommendation remainscurrent?

Output: Class IIa1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the level of evidence that the 2007 recommendation remainscurrent?. ### Response: Class IIa1.


Instruction: If LVEF is greater than 0.40, it is reasonable to perform what?

Output: a stress test

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If LVEF is greater than 0.40, it is reasonable to perform what?. ### Response: a stress test.


Instruction: What is the LVEF of a stress test?

Output: greater than 0.40

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the LVEF of a stress test?. ### Response: greater than 0.40.


Instruction: What level of evidence does the 2007 recommendation remain current?

Output: Class IIa1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What level of evidence does the 2007 recommendation remain current?. ### Response: Class IIa1.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomised trial of unstable angina?

Output: Randomized Intervention Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomised trial of unstable angina?. ### Response: Randomized Intervention Trial.


Instruction: When was the Randomized Intervention Trial of unstable Angina published?

Output: 2002

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Randomized Intervention Trial of unstable Angina published?. ### Response: 2002.


Instruction: What did Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, et al. do in patients with non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndrome?

Output: Long-term outcome of aroutine versus selective invasive strategy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Fox KA, Clayton TC, Damman P, et al. do in patients with non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndrome?. ### Response: Long-term outcome of aroutine versus selective invasive strategy.


Instruction: What is the name of the science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascula rAngiography and Interventions, and American Dental Association?

Output: American College of Surgeons

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the science advisory from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascula rAngiography and Interventions, and American Dental Association?. ### Response: American College of Surgeons.


Instruction: How many antithrombotic-drug regimens did Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, et al. compare after coronary-artery stenting?

Output: three

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many antithrombotic-drug regimens did Leon MB, Baim DS, Popma JJ, et al. compare after coronary-artery stenting?. ### Response: three.


Instruction: What study investigators performed the StentAnticoagulation Restenosis Study?

Output: N Engl J Med.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What study investigators performed the StentAnticoagulation Restenosis Study?. ### Response: N Engl J Med..


Instruction: What year did N Engl J Med issue 339:1665–71.1112?

Output: 1998

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did N Engl J Med issue 339:1665–71.1112?. ### Response: 1998.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated thrombosis in ran-domized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents?

Output: StentAnticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated thrombosis in ran-domized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents?. ### Response: StentAnticoagulation Restenosis Study Investigators.


Instruction: When did McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. discontinue antiplatelet therapy?

Output: 1998;339:1665–71.1112. Mauri L, Hsieh WH, Massaro JM, et al. Stent thrombosis in ran-domized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1020–9.1113. McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy.Lancet. 2004

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. discontinue antiplatelet therapy?. ### Response: 1998;339:1665–71.1112. Mauri L, Hsieh WH, Massaro JM, et al. Stent thrombosis in ran-domized clinical trials of drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1020–9.1113. McFadden EP, Stabile E, Regar E, et al. Late thrombosis in drug-eluting coronary stents after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy.Lancet. 2004.


Instruction: What type of stents are used after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy?

Output: drug-eluting coronary stents

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of stents are used after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy?. ### Response: drug-eluting coronary stents.


Instruction: What is clopidogrel use and long-term clinical outcomes after?

Output: drug-eluting stent impl antation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is clopidogrel use and long-term clinical outcomes after?. ### Response: drug-eluting stent impl antation.


Instruction: When did Peterson ED, Kaul P, Kaczmarek RG, et al. go from controlled trials toclinical practice?

Output: 2003

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Peterson ED, Kaul P, Kaczmarek RG, et al. go from controlled trials toclinical practice?. ### Response: 2003.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that used rapamycin eluting stents in a single session?

Output: The COMBINATION pilot study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that used rapamycin eluting stents in a single session?. ### Response: The COMBINATION pilot study.


Instruction: What year was the COMBINATION pilot study conducted?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year was the COMBINATION pilot study conducted?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What is the name of the pilot study?

Output: COMBINATION

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the pilot study?. ### Response: COMBINATION.


Instruction: What type of intervention did Gilard M, Bezon E, Cornily JC, et al. combine?

Output: percutane-ous

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of intervention did Gilard M, Bezon E, Cornily JC, et al. combine?. ### Response: percutane-ous.


Instruction: When was the last day of combined percutane-ous coronary intervention and coronary artery surgery?

Output: Same-day combined percutane-ous coronary intervention and coronary artery surgery. Cardiology.2007

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last day of combined percutane-ous coronary intervention and coronary artery surgery?. ### Response: Same-day combined percutane-ous coronary intervention and coronary artery surgery. Cardiology.2007.


Instruction: What reduces postoperative morbidity compa red withresults from conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass?

Output: Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What reduces postoperative morbidity compa red withresults from conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass?. ### Response: Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization.


Instruction: When did J ThoracCardiovasc Surg. 2008:135:367–75.1120?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did J ThoracCardiovasc Surg. 2008:135:367–75.1120?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What does Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization reduce?

Output: postoperative morbidity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization reduce?. ### Response: postoperative morbidity.


Instruction: How long does it take for a stent to be implanted?

Output: seven-month

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take for a stent to be implanted?. ### Response: seven-month.


Instruction: What is the name of the grafting procedure?

Output: Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the grafting procedure?. ### Response: Simultaneous hybrid coronaryrevascularization.


Instruction: When was the Am Heart J 155:661–7.1121?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Am Heart J 155:661–7.1121?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What has been proposed and tested for patients with AF at high risk of stroke in the presence of AF?

Output: procedure with either LAA amputation and closure or astapler device

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been proposed and tested for patients with AF at high risk of stroke in the presence of AF?. ### Response: procedure with either LAA amputation and closure or astapler device.


Instruction: What is the name of the specific percutaneous device?

Output: WATCHMAN

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the specific percutaneous device?. ### Response: WATCHMAN.


Instruction: How many studies evaluated the WATCHMAN device vs warfarin?

Output: Two

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many studies evaluated the WATCHMAN device vs warfarin?. ### Response: Two.


Instruction: What is the name of the watchman leftAtrial Appendage System?

Output: WATCHMAN

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the watchman leftAtrial Appendage System?. ### Response: WATCHMAN.


Instruction: Atrial Fibrillation (PROTECT AF) and Long TermWarfarin Therapy (PREVAIL AF).

Output: WATCHMAN LAA Closure Device

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Atrial Fibrillation (PROTECT AF) and Long TermWarfarin Therapy (PREVAIL AF).. ### Response: WATCHMAN LAA Closure Device.


Instruction: What was the ef ficacy of LAA closure with thewatchman LAA Closure Device met?

Output: the pre-speci ﬁed criteria for non-inferiorityvs warfarin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the ef ficacy of LAA closure with thewatchman LAA Closure Device met?. ### Response: the pre-speci ﬁed criteria for non-inferiorityvs warfarin.


Instruction: What did the rate of adverse safety events in the intervention with the watchman laaclosure device meet?

Output: 4.4%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the rate of adverse safety events in the intervention with the watchman laaclosure device meet?. ### Response: 4.4%.


Instruction: What was the rate of adverse safety events in the intervention group with evidence of harmfulperiprocedural complications?

Output: 4.4%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the rate of adverse safety events in the intervention group with evidence of harmfulperiprocedural complications?. ### Response: 4.4%.


Instruction: What was present for acutecomplications?

Output: a “learning curve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was present for acutecomplications?. ### Response: a “learning curve.


Instruction: How many of the first 3 implant patients at eachsite had serious pericardial effusions at each site?

Output: 7.1%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many of the first 3 implant patients at eachsite had serious pericardial effusions at each site?. ### Response: 7.1%.


Instruction: What is the complication rate for first- or second-generation Amplatzeroccluders?

Output: 7%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the complication rate for first- or second-generation Amplatzeroccluders?. ### Response: 7%.


Instruction: What did a recent systematic review show about the use of VKA, NOAC and the Watchman device?

Output: reduce the risk of anystroke and systemic embolism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did a recent systematic review show about the use of VKA, NOAC and the Watchman device?. ### Response: reduce the risk of anystroke and systemic embolism.


Instruction: What does the use of VKA, NOAC, and the Watchman device reduce the risk of?

Output: anystroke and systemic embolism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the use of VKA, NOAC, and the Watchman device reduce the risk of?. ### Response: anystroke and systemic embolism.


Instruction: What is the watchman device OR, 0.35; 95% CI,0.16-0.80?

Output: placebo/control

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the watchman device OR, 0.35; 95% CI,0.16-0.80?. ### Response: placebo/control.


Instruction: What is needed for at least 6 weeks after the procedure?

Output: DAPT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is needed for at least 6 weeks after the procedure?. ### Response: DAPT.


Instruction: What is based on an epicardial snare?

Output: The Lariat device

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is based on an epicardial snare?. ### Response: The Lariat device.


Instruction: What is incombination a percutaneous endocardial approach?

Output: cardiac surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is incombination a percutaneous endocardial approach?. ### Response: cardiac surgery.


Instruction: Inexperienced operators, incomplete occlusion of theLAA after LARIAT ligation was what percentage of cases?

Output: 20%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Inexperienced operators, incomplete occlusion of theLAA after LARIAT ligation was what percentage of cases?. ### Response: 20%.


Instruction: What was associated with risk ofthromboembolic events?

Output: incomplete occlusion of theLAA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was associated with risk ofthromboembolic events?. ### Response: incomplete occlusion of theLAA.


Instruction: No randomized controlled study comparing LAAO devices with oral anticoagulation is what?

Output: currently available

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: No randomized controlled study comparing LAAO devices with oral anticoagulation is what?. ### Response: currently available.


Instruction: What is the risk of ischemicstroke during follow-up on LAAO devices in AF patients?

Output: Thrombus formation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of ischemicstroke during follow-up on LAAO devices in AF patients?. ### Response: Thrombus formation.


Instruction: What surgical techniques have been applied for surgical exclusion of LAA?

Output: simple suture ligation, over-sewing of the LAA base without excision, appendageexcision or amputation, surgical stapling

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What surgical techniques have been applied for surgical exclusion of LAA?. ### Response: simple suture ligation, over-sewing of the LAA base without excision, appendageexcision or amputation, surgical stapling.


Instruction: What has been applied for surgical exclusion of LAA?

Output: simple suture ligation, over-sewing of the LAA base without excision, appendageexcision or amputation, surgical stapling

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been applied for surgical exclusion of LAA?. ### Response: simple suture ligation, over-sewing of the LAA base without excision, appendageexcision or amputation, surgical stapling.


Instruction: What have surgical techniques been used for?

Output: exclusion of LAA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What have surgical techniques been used for?. ### Response: exclusion of LAA.


Instruction: How is the LAA base removed?

Output: over-sewing of the LAA base without excision

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is the LAA base removed?. ### Response: over-sewing of the LAA base without excision.


Instruction: What is a DNA exonuclease involved in the response to oxidative DNA damage?

Output: TREX1 gene

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a DNA exonuclease involved in the response to oxidative DNA damage?. ### Response: TREX1 gene.


Instruction: What can mutations in the COL4A1 gene cause?

Output: leukoaraiosis and microbleeds

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can mutations in the COL4A1 gene cause?. ### Response: leukoaraiosis and microbleeds.


Instruction: What is the rare inherited disorder that can lead to ischemic stroke?

Output: Fabry disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the rare inherited disorder that can lead to ischemic stroke?. ### Response: Fabry disease.


Instruction: What causes a progressive accumulation of globo-triaosylceramide and related glycosphingolipids?

Output: lysosomal α -galactosidase A deficiency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What causes a progressive accumulation of globo-triaosylceramide and related glycosphingolipids?. ### Response: lysosomal α -galactosidase A deficiency.


Instruction: What affects mostly small vessels in the brain and other organs?

Output: Deposition

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What affects mostly small vessels in the brain and other organs?. ### Response: Deposition.


Instruction: What appears to improve cerebral ves-sel function?

Output: Enzyme replacement therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What appears to improve cerebral ves-sel function?. ### Response: Enzyme replacement therapy.


Instruction: How many prospective, randomized studies found a reduction in microvascular deposits and reduced plasma plasma?

Output: Two

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many prospective, randomized studies found a reduction in microvascular deposits and reduced plasma plasma?. ### Response: Two.


Instruction: What was found to be reduced in microvascular deposits?

Output: plasma levels of globotri-aosylceramide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was found to be reduced in microvascular deposits?. ### Response: plasma levels of globotri-aosylceramide.


Instruction: What was reduced in plasma levels of globotri-aosylceramide?

Output: microvascular deposits

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was reduced in plasma levels of globotri-aosylceramide?. ### Response: microvascular deposits.


Instruction: No reduction in stroke incidence was found in these studies?

Output: These studies had short follow-up periods

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: No reduction in stroke incidence was found in these studies?. ### Response: These studies had short follow-up periods.


Instruction: What are coagulopathies inherited as?

Output: autosomal-dominant traits

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are coagulopathies inherited as?. ### Response: autosomal-dominant traits.


Instruction: What can cause an increased risk of cerebral venous thrombosis?

Output: Inherited disorders of various clotting factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can cause an increased risk of cerebral venous thrombosis?. ### Response: Inherited disorders of various clotting factors.


Instruction: What is venous thrombosis?

Output: cerebral

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is venous thrombosis?. ### Response: cerebral.


Instruction: What has not been a strong association between several of these disorders and arterial events such as MI and ischemic stroke?

Output: there has not been a strong association between several of these disorders and arterial events such as MI and ischemic stroke.98,99

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has not been a strong association between several of these disorders and arterial events such as MI and ischemic stroke?. ### Response: there has not been a strong association between several of these disorders and arterial events such as MI and ischemic stroke.98,99.


Instruction: Some apparently acquired coagulopathies can be familial in 10% of cases?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Some apparently acquired coagulopathies can be familial in 10% of cases?. ### Response: ≈.


Instruction: What percentage of aCL cases are familial?

Output: ≈10%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of aCL cases are familial?. ### Response: ≈10%.


Instruction: What are auto-somal-recessive traits?

Output: Inherited disorders of various clotting factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are auto-somal-recessive traits?. ### Response: Inherited disorders of various clotting factors.


Instruction: Arterial dissections, moyamoya syndrome, and fibromuscular dysplasia have a familial com-ponent in what percentage of cases?

Output: 10% to 20%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Arterial dissections, moyamoya syndrome, and fibromuscular dysplasia have a familial com-ponent in what percentage of cases?. ### Response: 10% to 20%.


Instruction: What percentage of cases of fibromuscular dysplasia have a familial component?

Output: 10% to 20%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of cases of fibromuscular dysplasia have a familial component?. ### Response: 10% to 20%.