Instruction: Atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease par-ticipating in the ROCKET AF trial?

Output: rivaroxaban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease par-ticipating in the ROCKET AF trial?. ### Response: rivaroxaban.


Instruction: What is the doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu305 455.

Output: 2014

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu305 455.. ### Response: 2014.


Instruction: What are the effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with heart disease?

Output: Comparative effects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with heart disease?. ### Response: Comparative effects.


Instruction: What is the effect of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvular and nonval-vular atrial fibrillation?

Output: Comparative effects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvular and nonval-vular atrial fibrillation?. ### Response: Comparative effects.


Instruction: What was the outcome of the randomized multicenter study?

Output: Comparative effects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the outcome of the randomized multicenter study?. ### Response: Comparative effects.


Instruction: What is a comparison of dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and val-vular heart disease?

Output: Apixaban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a comparison of dabigatran and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and val-vular heart disease?. ### Response: Apixaban.


Instruction: What is the name of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy?

Output: RE-L Y Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy?. ### Response: RE-L Y Trial.


Instruction: When was the RE-L Y Trial conducted?

Output: 2016

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the RE-L Y Trial conducted?. ### Response: 2016.


Instruction: What is the difference between Dabigatran and warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves?

Output: Dabigatran

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between Dabigatran and warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves?. ### Response: Dabigatran.


Instruction: What was the name of the study that evaluated the effectiveness of Dabigan versus Warfarin?

Output: RE-L Y Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the study that evaluated the effectiveness of Dabigan versus Warfarin?. ### Response: RE-L Y Trial.


Instruction: When was the N Engl J Med 369:1206-1214 published?

Output: 2013

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the N Engl J Med 369:1206-1214 published?. ### Response: 2013.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated thromboembolic and bleeding complications following a St. Jude Medical valve replacement?

Output: German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated thromboembolic and bleeding complications following a St. Jude Medical valve replacement?. ### Response: German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation study.


Instruction: What is one of the results of the German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation study?

Output: Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following St. Jude Medical valve replacement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is one of the results of the German Experience With Low-Intensity Anticoagulation study?. ### Response: Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following St. Jude Medical valve replacement.


Instruction: What are antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves?

Output: combined therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are antiplatelet and anticoagulation for patients with prosthetic heart valves?. ### Response: combined therapy.


Instruction: What is the name of the Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD003464?

Output: 10.1002/14651858

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD003464?. ### Response: 10.1002/14651858.


Instruction: What group does the Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases belong to?

Output: Group for the Study of Cardiovascular Infections

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What group does the Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases belong to?. ### Response: Group for the Study of Cardiovascular Infections.


Instruction: What is the name of the Spanish Network for Research in infectious diseases?

Output: Group for the Study of Cardiovascular Infections of the Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Spanish Network for Research in infectious diseases?. ### Response: Group for the Study of Cardiovascular Infections of the Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases.


Instruction: What is required of all guideline recommendations?

Output: a confidential vote by the writing group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is required of all guideline recommendations?. ### Response: a confidential vote by the writing group.


Instruction: What must be approved by a consensus of the voting members?

Output: All guideline recommendations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What must be approved by a consensus of the voting members?. ### Response: All guideline recommendations.


Instruction: Members are not permitted to draft or vote on what?

Output: any text or recommen-dations pertaining to their RWI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Members are not permitted to draft or vote on what?. ### Response: any text or recommen-dations pertaining to their RWI.


Instruction: What are members who recused themselves from voting indicated in?

Output: the list of writing groupmembers

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are members who recused themselves from voting indicated in?. ### Response: the list of writing groupmembers.


Instruction: Where are specific section recusals noted?

Output: Appendix 1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where are specific section recusals noted?. ### Response: Appendix 1.


Instruction: What is available as an online supplement to ensure complete transparency?

Output: compre-hensive disclosure information

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is available as an online supplement to ensure complete transparency?. ### Response: compre-hensive disclosure information.


Instruction: Where is compre-hensive disclosure information for the Task Force available?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is compre-hensive disclosure information for the Task Force available?. ### Response: http://www.cardiosource.org/ACC/About-ACC/Leadership/Guidelines-and-Documents-Task-Forces.aspx.


Instruction: Who supports the work of the writing group?

Output: ACCF and AHA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who supports the work of the writing group?. ### Response: ACCF and AHA.


Instruction: The writing group's work is supported exclusively by which organizations?

Output: ACCF and AHA

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The writing group's work is supported exclusively by which organizations?. ### Response: ACCF and AHA.


Instruction: What did writing groupmembers volunteer their time for?

Output: Task Force

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did writing groupmembers volunteer their time for?. ### Response: Task Force.


Instruction: What is the focus of the guidelines?

Output: Table 1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the focus of the guidelines?. ### Response: Table 1.


Instruction: What does applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence not imply?

Output: that the recommendation is weak

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence not imply?. ### Response: that the recommendation is weak.


Instruction: Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak.

Output: Applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Evidence B or C does not imply that the recommendation is weak.. ### Response: Applying Classification of Recommendations and Level of Evidence.


Instruction: What does not lend themselves to clinical trials?

Output: Many important clinical questions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does not lend themselves to clinical trials?. ### Response: Many important clinical questions.


Instruction: What type of data is available from clinical trials or registries about the usefulness/efficacy in different subpopulations?

Output: sex, age, history of diabete s, history of priormyocardial infarction, history of heart failure, and prior aspirin use

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of data is available from clinical trials or registries about the usefulness/efficacy in different subpopulations?. ### Response: sex, age, history of diabete s, history of priormyocardial infarction, history of heart failure, and prior aspirin use.


Instruction: What is available for comparative effectiveness recommendations?

Output: studies that support the use of comparator verbs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is available for comparative effectiveness recommendations?. ### Response: studies that support the use of comparator verbs.


Instruction: What do studies that support the use of comparator verbs should involve?

Output: irect comparisons of the treatments or strategies being evaluated

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do studies that support the use of comparator verbs should involve?. ### Response: irect comparisons of the treatments or strategies being evaluated.


Instruction: When was this publication circulated?

Output: August 14, 2012

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was this publication circulated?. ### Response: August 14, 2012.


Instruction: What is the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction June 2020?

Output: 86 of 127

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction June 2020?. ### Response: 86 of 127.


Instruction: How old is the P age 86 of 127 Recommendation 2014 Strength of Recommandation Evidence?

Output: 15

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How old is the P age 86 of 127 Recommendation 2014 Strength of Recommandation Evidence?. ### Response: 15.


Instruction: What is a primary or secondary prevention strategy?

Output: we suggest against the use of omega -3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement to reduce cardiovascular disease risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a primary or secondary prevention strategy?. ### Response: we suggest against the use of omega -3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.


Instruction: What do we recommend against using for primary or secondary prevention?

Output: niacin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we recommend against using for primary or secondary prevention?. ### Response: niacin.


Instruction: What is another term for supplements or prescriptions that contain niacin?

Output: intermittent (nondaily) dosing

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another term for supplements or prescriptions that contain niacin?. ### Response: intermittent (nondaily) dosing.


Instruction: Is there enough evidence to recommend for or against using bempedoic acid with or without statins for primary prevention?

Output: There is insufficient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Is there enough evidence to recommend for or against using bempedoic acid with or without statins for primary prevention?. ### Response: There is insufficient.


Instruction: What are statins used for?

Output: primary or secondary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are statins used for?. ### Response: primary or secondary prevention.


Instruction: What is not applicable for or against Reviewed, New, -added 18?

Output: bempedoic acid

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not applicable for or against Reviewed, New, -added 18?. ### Response: bempedoic acid.


Instruction: What is icosapent ethyl used for in patients on statin therapy?

Output: secondary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is icosapent ethyl used for in patients on statin therapy?. ### Response: secondary prevention.


Instruction: What is not applicable for or against Reviewed, New?

Output: Neither for nor against  Reviewed, New -added  22

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not applicable for or against Reviewed, New?. ### Response: Neither for nor against  Reviewed, New -added  22.


Instruction: How many mg/dL to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality?

Output: >150

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many mg/dL to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality?. ### Response: >150.


Instruction: What fatty acids do we suggest against the use of as a dietary supplement for primary or secondary prevention?

Output: omega -3

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What fatty acids do we suggest against the use of as a dietary supplement for primary or secondary prevention?. ### Response: omega -3.


Instruction: What is not applicable?

Output: red yeast rice supplements

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not applicable?. ### Response: red yeast rice supplements.


Instruction: What is insufficient to recommend for or against the use of fiber, garlic, ginger, green tea, and red yeast rice supplements?

Output: evidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is insufficient to recommend for or against the use of fiber, garlic, ginger, green tea, and red yeast rice supplements?. ### Response: evidence.


Instruction: What do we suggest against the routine monitoring of lipid levels in patients taking statins?

Output: 22

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we suggest against the routine monitoring of lipid levels in patients taking statins?. ### Response: 22.


Instruction: What do patients who can't tolerate a statin do?

Output: a washout period

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do patients who can't tolerate a statin do?. ### Response: a washout period.


Instruction: What is a trial of nondaily?

Output: intermittent

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a trial of nondaily?. ### Response: intermittent.


Instruction: What is the term for intermittent dosing?

Output: nondaily

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for intermittent dosing?. ### Response: nondaily.


Instruction: What does intermittent do if it fails?

Output: dosing

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does intermittent do if it fails?. ### Response: dosing.


Instruction: How do we suggest intensifying care?

Output: phone calls, emails, patient education, drug regimen simplification

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How do we suggest intensifying care?. ### Response: phone calls, emails, patient education, drug regimen simplification.


Instruction: What is intensified to improve adherence to lipid lowering medications?

Output: patient care

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is intensified to improve adherence to lipid lowering medications?. ### Response: patient care.


Instruction: What is the purpose of intensified patient care?

Output: to improve adherence to lipid -lowering medications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the purpose of intensified patient care?. ### Response: to improve adherence to lipid -lowering medications.


Instruction: How many domains of non-health-related measures affect health outcomes?

Output: 5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many domains of non-health-related measures affect health outcomes?. ### Response: 5.


Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?

Output: creening tool to assess 5 domains of non–health-related measures that affect health outcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?. ### Response: creening tool to assess 5 domains of non–health-related measures that affect health outcomes.


Instruction: What are some upstream social determinants of health that affect treatment adherence and ASCVD health outcomes?

Output: comorbid mental illness, lack of health literacy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some upstream social determinants of health that affect treatment adherence and ASCVD health outcomes?. ### Response: comorbid mental illness, lack of health literacy.


Instruction: What is an example of comorbid mental illness?

Output: upstream social determinants of health

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an example of comorbid mental illness?. ### Response: upstream social determinants of health.


Instruction: What are some of the health outcomes associated with ASCVD?

Output: comorbid mental illness, lack of health literacy, exposure to adversity (eg, home/community vio-lence, trauma exposures, safety concerns), finan-cial strain, inadequate housing conditions, lack of food security (ie, access to affordable and nutritious food), and inadequate social support

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some of the health outcomes associated with ASCVD?. ### Response: comorbid mental illness, lack of health literacy, exposure to adversity (eg, home/community vio-lence, trauma exposures, safety concerns), finan-cial strain, inadequate housing conditions, lack of food security (ie, access to affordable and nutritious food), and inadequate social support.


Instruction: What is one of the social determinants systems of care should evaluate?

Output: transportation barriers, the availability of health services

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is one of the social determinants systems of care should evaluate?. ### Response: transportation barriers, the availability of health services.


Instruction: What should systems of care evaluate for the primary prevention of ASCVD?

Output: social determinants of health

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should systems of care evaluate for the primary prevention of ASCVD?. ### Response: social determinants of health.


Instruction: What are not captured by existing CVD risk equations?

Output: Important considerations related to socioeco-nomic disadvantage

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are not captured by existing CVD risk equations?. ### Response: Important considerations related to socioeco-nomic disadvantage.


Instruction: Addressing unmet social needs improves management of what?

Output: BP and lipids

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Addressing unmet social needs improves management of what?. ### Response: BP and lipids.


Instruction: What improves management of BP and lipids?

Output: Addressing unmet social needs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What improves management of BP and lipids?. ### Response: Addressing unmet social needs.


Instruction: What highlights the importance of dietary coun-seling and encouraging physical activity?

Output: S2.1-32

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What highlights the importance of dietary coun-seling and encouraging physical activity?. ### Response: S2.1-32.


Instruction: What impedes the efficacy of proven prevention recommendations?

Output: Failure to address the impact of social determinants of health

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What impedes the efficacy of proven prevention recommendations?. ### Response: Failure to address the impact of social determinants of health.


Instruction: What outlines key considerations related to social determinants of health?

Output: Table 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What outlines key considerations related to social determinants of health?. ### Response: Table 2.


Instruction: What are the key considerations related to social determinants of health and ASCVD prevention?

Output: Table 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the key considerations related to social determinants of health and ASCVD prevention?. ### Response: Table 2.


Instruction: What should clinicians routinely assess for adults 40 to 75 years?

Output: traditional cardiovascular risk factors

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should clinicians routinely assess for adults 40 to 75 years?. ### Response: traditional cardiovascular risk factors.


Instruction: What should clinicians use to calculate 10-year risk of ASCVD?

Output: pooled cohort equations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should clinicians use to calculate 10-year risk of ASCVD?. ### Response: pooled cohort equations.


Instruction: For adults 20 to 39 years of age, it is reasonable to assess traditional asCVD risk factors at least every 4 to 6 years?

Output: S2.2-1,S2.2-2IIa B-NR2.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For adults 20 to 39 years of age, it is reasonable to assess traditional asCVD risk factors at least every 4 to 6 years?. ### Response: S2.2-1,S2.2-2IIa B-NR2..


Instruction: How often should ASCVD risk factors be checked?

Output: every 4 to 6 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How often should ASCVD risk factors be checked?. ### Response: every 4 to 6 years.


Instruction: What is the range of risk for borderline and intermediate risk?

Output: ≥7

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the range of risk for borderline and intermediate risk?. ### Response: ≥7.


Instruction: What type of intervention is used to guide decisions about preventive interventions?

Output: statin therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of intervention is used to guide decisions about preventive interventions?. ### Response: statin therapy.


Instruction: In adults at intermediate risk, what is the risk of 10-year ASCVD?

Output: ≥7.5% to <20%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In adults at intermediate risk, what is the risk of 10-year ASCVD?. ### Response: ≥7.5% to <20%.


Instruction: When was the 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary PCI released?

Output: MARCH 15, 2016

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the 2015 ACC/AHA/SCAI Focused Update on Primary PCI released?. ### Response: MARCH 15, 2016.


Instruction: What is a policy statement from the American Heart Association?

Output: Electronic cigarettes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a policy statement from the American Heart Association?. ### Response: Electronic cigarettes.


Instruction: When did the Lancet 368:647-58 appear?

Output: 2006

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did the Lancet 368:647-58 appear?. ### Response: 2006.


Instruction: What is the name of the study?

Output: double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study?. ### Response: double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial.


Instruction: What does the American Heart Association say about e-cigarettes?

Output: policy statement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the American Heart Association say about e-cigarettes?. ### Response: policy statement.


Instruction: What does Bhatnagar A say about the perils and promises of electronic cigarettes?

Output: cardiovascular perspective

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Bhatnagar A say about the perils and promises of electronic cigarettes?. ### Response: cardiovascular perspective.


Instruction: Where does Lippi G, Favaloro EJ, Meschi T, et al. discuss the risks and benefits of electronic cigarette use?

Output: beyond science and mysticism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where does Lippi G, Favaloro EJ, Meschi T, et al. discuss the risks and benefits of electronic cigarette use?. ### Response: beyond science and mysticism.


Instruction: What is a clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and depen-dence: a US Public Health Service report?

Output: 4.5-14

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and depen-dence: a US Public Health Service report?. ### Response: 4.5-14.


Instruction: What are the implications of increased cardiac sympathetic activity and oxidative stress in habitual electronic cigarette users?

Output: cardiovascular risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the implications of increased cardiac sympathetic activity and oxidative stress in habitual electronic cigarette users?. ### Response: cardiovascular risk.


Instruction: What did the US Public Health Service report on?

Output: A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and depen-dence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the US Public Health Service report on?. ### Response: A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and depen-dence.


Instruction: What was the name of the Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline panel, staff, and consortium representatives?

Output: Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline panel, staff, and consortium representatives?. ### Response: Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence.


Instruction: When did JAMA issue 283:3244-54?

Output: 2000

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did JAMA issue 283:3244-54?. ### Response: 2000.


Instruction: Who published the 2008 Update?

Output: US Department of Health and Human Services

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who published the 2008 Update?. ### Response: US Department of Health and Human Services.


Instruction: Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. S4.5-16. Pbert L, Fletcher KE, Flint AJ, et al. Smoking prevention and cessation intervention delivery by pediatric providers, as assessed with patient exit interviews.

Output: Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. S4.5-16. Pbert L, Fletcher KE, Flint AJ, et al. Smoking prevention and cessation intervention delivery by pediatric providers, as assessed with patient exit interviews. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e810–24. S4.5-17

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. S4.5-16. Pbert L, Fletcher KE, Flint AJ, et al. Smoking prevention and cessation intervention delivery by pediatric providers, as assessed with patient exit interviews.. ### Response: Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. S4.5-16. Pbert L, Fletcher KE, Flint AJ, et al. Smoking prevention and cessation intervention delivery by pediatric providers, as assessed with patient exit interviews. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e810–24. S4.5-17.


Instruction: What is a meta-analysis of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes use?

Output: Cigarette smoking

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a meta-analysis of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes use?. ### Response: Cigarette smoking.


Instruction: What is the name of the meta-analysed study?

Output: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012:CD001837

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the meta-analysed study?. ### Response: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012:CD001837.


Instruction: Where can you find information on 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where can you find information on 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation?. ### Response: https://www.healthypeople.gov.


Instruction: What year did N Engl J Med 368:341–50?

Output: 2013

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did N Engl J Med 368:341–50?. ### Response: 2013.


Instruction: What is the name of the 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force?

Output: Barua RS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force?. ### Response: Barua RS.


Instruction: What is the name of the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders?

Output: EAGLES

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders?. ### Response: EAGLES.


Instruction: When was the Lancet 387:2507-20?

Output: 2016

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Lancet 387:2507-20?. ### Response: 2016.


Instruction: What is the current status of nicotine addiction therapy?

Output: The past, present, and future

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the current status of nicotine addiction therapy?. ### Response: The past, present, and future.


Instruction: What is a final recommendation statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force?

Output: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a final recommendation statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force?. ### Response: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults.


Instruction: In what year was the Cochrane Database Syst Rev published?

Output: 2012

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In what year was the Cochrane Database Syst Rev published?. ### Response: 2012.


Instruction: S4.5-23. US Preventive Services Task Force. Final Recommendation Statement: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions.

Output: Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: S4.5-23. US Preventive Services Task Force. Final Recommendation Statement: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions.. ### Response: Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients.


Instruction: What is the name of the TIMI 9A Investigators?

Output: Antman

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the TIMI 9A Investigators?. ### Response: Antman.


Instruction: What was the safety report from the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 9A trial?

Output: Hirudin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the safety report from the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 9A trial?. ### Response: Hirudin.


Instruction: How long did it take for Hirudin to be used in acute myocardial infarction?

Output: 1624 - 1630

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for Hirudin to be used in acute myocardial infarction?. ### Response: 1624 - 1630.


Instruction: What is the name of the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardia 9B trial?

Output: Circulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardia 9B trial?. ### Response: Circulation.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial of intravenous heparin versus recombinant hirudin for acute coronary syndromes?

Output: GUSTO IIA Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial of intravenous heparin versus recombinant hirudin for acute coronary syndromes?. ### Response: GUSTO IIA Investigators.


Instruction: What is GUSTO IIa?

Output: Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is GUSTO IIa?. ### Response: Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries.


Instruction: How many investigators were there in 1994?

Output: 61

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many investigators were there in 1994?. ### Response: 61.


Instruction: What was the total number of investigators?

Output: 956 - 961

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the total number of investigators?. ### Response: 956 - 961.


Instruction: What is a comparison of recombinant hirudin with heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes?

Output: Randomized trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a comparison of recombinant hirudin with heparin for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes?. ### Response: Randomized trial.


Instruction: What is the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO)?

Output: IIb investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO)?. ### Response: IIb investigators.


Instruction: How many ( 11 ): 775 - 782?

Output: 335

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many ( 11 ): 775 - 782?. ### Response: 335.


Instruction: What is used in high-risk coronary angioplasty?

Output: monoclonal antibody

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used in high-risk coronary angioplasty?. ### Response: monoclonal antibody.


Instruction: The EPIC Investigation uses what antibody?

Output: monoclonal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The EPIC Investigation uses what antibody?. ### Response: monoclonal.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization?

Output: EPILOG Investigators

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization?. ### Response: EPILOG Investigators.


Instruction: Low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization?

Output: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization?. ### Response: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade.


Instruction: N Engl J Med. 1997; 336 ( 24): 1689 - 1696.

Output: 1689 - 1696

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: N Engl J Med. 1997; 336 ( 24): 1689 - 1696.. ### Response: 1689 - 1696.


Instruction: Landefeld CS, Cook EF, et al.

Output: Cook   EF

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Landefeld CS, Cook EF, et al.. ### Response: Cook   EF.


Instruction: What is a predictor of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagu-lant therapy?

Output: preliminary validation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a predictor of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagu-lant therapy?. ### Response: preliminary validation.


Instruction: Who started anticoagu-lant therapy in 1987?

Output: hospitalized patients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who started anticoagu-lant therapy in 1987?. ### Response: hospitalized patients.


Instruction: What is the name of the journal that published 82 ( 4 ): 703-713?

Output: N Engl J Med

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the journal that published 82 ( 4 ): 703-713?. ### Response: N Engl J Med.


Instruction: What is a bleeding risk index for?

Output: estimating the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a bleeding risk index for?. ### Response: estimating the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy.


Instruction: What is an amjmed index for estimating the probability of major bleeding?

Output: bleeding risk index

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an amjmed index for estimating the probability of major bleeding?. ### Response: bleeding risk index.


Instruction: What is the weight-based heparin nomogram?

Output: practice guideline

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the weight-based heparin nomogram?. ### Response: practice guideline.


Instruction: What is a practice guideline?

Output: weight-based heparin nomogram

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a practice guideline?. ### Response: weight-based heparin nomogram.


Instruction: What is weight-based heparin nomogram as a practice guideline?

Output: The effectiveness

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is weight-based heparin nomogram as a practice guideline?. ### Response: The effectiveness.


Instruction: How many ( 15 ): 1645 - 1649?

Output: 156

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many ( 15 ): 1645 - 1649?. ### Response: 156.


Instruction: What is a prospective study of the value of monitoring heparin treatment with the activated par-tial thromboplastin time?

Output: N Engl J Med

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a prospective study of the value of monitoring heparin treatment with the activated par-tial thromboplastin time?. ### Response: N Engl J Med.


Instruction: Med. 1972 ; 287 ( 7 ): 324 - 327.

Output: N Engl J Med

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Med. 1972 ; 287 ( 7 ): 324 - 327.. ### Response: N Engl J Med.


Instruction: Bain B, Forster T, Sleigh B. What is the difference between the activated partial thromboplastin time and hisparin?

Output: Heparin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Bain B, Forster T, Sleigh B. What is the difference between the activated partial thromboplastin time and hisparin?. ### Response: Heparin.


Instruction: What is the difference between heparin and the activated partial thromboplastin time?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between heparin and the activated partial thromboplastin time?. ### Response: —.


Instruction: What was Kimberly Henricks on February 10, 2012?

Output: American College of Chest Physicians

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was Kimberly Henricks on February 10, 2012?. ### Response: American College of Chest Physicians.


Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?

Output: Otto et al 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseFebruary 2, 2021 Circulation. 2021;143:e72–e227

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart Disease?. ### Response: Otto et al 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseFebruary 2, 2021 Circulation. 2021;143:e72–e227.


Instruction: What is a recommendation for Timing of Intervention for Mixed AS and AR?

Output: AVR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a recommendation for Timing of Intervention for Mixed AS and AR?. ### Response: AVR.


Instruction: What does Online Data Supplement 33.COR LOE Recommendations1 B-NR1 summarize?

Output: studies that support the recommendations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Online Data Supplement 33.COR LOE Recommendations1 B-NR1 summarize?. ### Response: studies that support the recommendations.


Instruction: In symptomatic patients with combined AS and AR, what is the peak transvalvular jet velocity of at least 4.0 m/s?

Output: AVR is recommended

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In symptomatic patients with combined AS and AR, what is the peak transvalvular jet velocity of at least 4.0 m/s?. ### Response: AVR is recommended.


Instruction: What is the mean transvalvular gradient of at least 40 mm Hg?

Output: AVR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the mean transvalvular gradient of at least 40 mm Hg?. ### Response: AVR.


Instruction: What is SAVR recommended for in asymptomatic patients with combined AS and AR?

Output: jet velocity of ≥4.0 m/s with an LVEF <50%,

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is SAVR recommended for in asymptomatic patients with combined AS and AR?. ### Response: jet velocity of ≥4.0 m/s with an LVEF <50%,.


Instruction: What is the peak transvalvular jet velocity of 4.0 m/s?

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the peak transvalvular jet velocity of 4.0 m/s?. ### Response: ≥.


Instruction: Isolated moderate AS or moderate AR is currently placed in what stage?

Output: Stage B

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Isolated moderate AS or moderate AR is currently placed in what stage?. ### Response: Stage B.


Instruction: What is Stage B progressive disease for which no therapeutic action is indicated?

Output: isolated moderate AS or moderate AR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Stage B progressive disease for which no therapeutic action is indicated?. ### Response: isolated moderate AS or moderate AR.


Instruction: Some patients with moderate mixed disease develop symptoms that stem from their valve disease?

Output: LV dysfunction, as evidenced by an LVEF of <50%, and who have no other reason for LV dysfunction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Some patients with moderate mixed disease develop symptoms that stem from their valve disease?. ### Response: LV dysfunction, as evidenced by an LVEF of <50%, and who have no other reason for LV dysfunction.


Instruction: What argument was raised that if there was no AR, the aortic jet velocity and gradient would be what?

Output: correspondingly lower

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What argument was raised that if there was no AR, the aortic jet velocity and gradient would be what?. ### Response: correspondingly lower.


Instruction: What would not meet the definitions for severe AS?

Output: aortic jet velocity and gradient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What would not meet the definitions for severe AS?. ### Response: aortic jet velocity and gradient.


Instruction: What would be only moderate AR by defi-nition?

Output: aortic jet velocity and gradient would be correspondingly lower and would not meet the definitions for severe AS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What would be only moderate AR by defi-nition?. ### Response: aortic jet velocity and gradient would be correspondingly lower and would not meet the definitions for severe AS.


Instruction: Recent data suggest that the natural his-tory of moderate mixed disease behaves similarly to that of pure disease?

Output: valve disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Recent data suggest that the natural his-tory of moderate mixed disease behaves similarly to that of pure disease?. ### Response: valve disease.


Instruction: How does moderate mixed disease compare to pure severe AS1?

Output: similarly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How does moderate mixed disease compare to pure severe AS1?. ### Response: similarly.


Instruction: What is a similar mortality risk to that of pure severe ass?

Output: moderate mixed disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a similar mortality risk to that of pure severe ass?. ### Response: moderate mixed disease.


Instruction: How is valve replacement war -ranted for the symptomatic patient if the patient's data meet criteria for severe AS?

Output: AVR is recommended

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is valve replacement war -ranted for the symptomatic patient if the patient's data meet criteria for severe AS?. ### Response: AVR is recommended.


Instruction: What criteria does TAVI ver -sus SAVR meet for severe AS?

Output: any of the criteria

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What criteria does TAVI ver -sus SAVR meet for severe AS?. ### Response: any of the criteria.


Instruction: What is discussed in Section 3.2.4.2.2?

Output: The decision about whether to proceed with TAVI ver -sus SAVR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is discussed in Section 3.2.4.2.2?. ### Response: The decision about whether to proceed with TAVI ver -sus SAVR.


Instruction: What is presumed to be the cause of LV dysfunction?

Output: valve disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is presumed to be the cause of LV dysfunction?. ### Response: valve disease.


Instruction: What is indicated in mixed AS and MRPatients with combined AS and MR?

Output: AVR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is indicated in mixed AS and MRPatients with combined AS and MR?. ### Response: AVR.


Instruction: What kind of decision-making process is involved in an in-dividual patient?

Output: shared decision-making with the patient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What kind of decision-making process is involved in an in-dividual patient?. ### Response: shared decision-making with the patient.


Instruction: What type of AS and primary MR patients are best treated with?

Output: combined

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of AS and primary MR patients are best treated with?. ### Response: combined.


Instruction: Who makes the decisions for in-diviual patients?

Output: an MDT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who makes the decisions for in-diviual patients?. ### Response: an MDT.


Instruction: What are patients with severe AS and severe primary MR best treated with?

Output: SAVR and mitral valve surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are patients with severe AS and severe primary MR best treated with?. ### Response: SAVR and mitral valve surgery.


Instruction: What is best treated unless the surgical risk is high or prohibitive?

Output: patients with severe AS and severe primary MR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is best treated unless the surgical risk is high or prohibitive?. ### Response: patients with severe AS and severe primary MR.


Instruction: A staged procedure with TAVI followed by mitral TEER can be effective if there is severe what?

Output: high or prohibitive surgical risk

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A staged procedure with TAVI followed by mitral TEER can be effective if there is severe what?. ### Response: high or prohibitive surgical risk.


Instruction: What can be effective if there is severe AS and severe secondary MR?

Output: SAVR and mitral valve surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be effective if there is severe AS and severe secondary MR?. ### Response: SAVR and mitral valve surgery.


Instruction: What is Hb A1c?

Output: glycosylat ed haemoglobin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Hb A1c?. ### Response: glycosylat ed haemoglobin.


Instruction: What is peak flo w or spir ometr y?

Output: urinalysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is peak flo w or spir ometr y?. ### Response: urinalysis.


Instruction: What should you do when a diagnosis of hear t failure has been made?

Output: assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should you do when a diagnosis of hear t failure has been made?. ### Response: assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes.


Instruction: What is aetiology, precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes of heart failure?

Output: assess se verity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is aetiology, precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes of heart failure?. ### Response: assess se verity.


Instruction: What is heart failure caused by?

Output: valve dise

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is heart failure caused by?. ### Response: valve dise.


Instruction: What is the NICE guideline on hear t valve disease?

Output: 1.2.14 When a diagnosis of hear t failure has been made, assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes. [2010] Heart failur e caused by valve dise ase 1.2.15 Refer people wit h hear t failure caused b y valve disease f or specialist assessment and advice r egar ding f ollow-up. See t he section on r eferral for echocar diograph y and specialist assessment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the NICE guideline on hear t valve disease?. ### Response: 1.2.14 When a diagnosis of hear t failure has been made, assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes. [2010] Heart failur e caused by valve dise ase 1.2.15 Refer people wit h hear t failure caused b y valve disease f or specialist assessment and advice r egar ding f ollow-up. See t he section on r eferral for echocar diograph y and specialist assessment.


Instruction: What is t he basis f or a hist orical diagnosis of?

Output: hear t failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is t he basis f or a hist orical diagnosis of?. ### Response: hear t failure.


Instruction: What is a basis for a hist orical diagnosis of hear t failure?

Output: assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a basis for a hist orical diagnosis of hear t failure?. ### Response: assess se verity, aetiology , precipitating f actors, type of car diac dysfunction and correctable causes.


Instruction: How can you manage care in accor dance with this guideline only if the diagnosis is confirmed?

Output: Review t he basis f or a hist orical diagnosis of hear t failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can you manage care in accor dance with this guideline only if the diagnosis is confirmed?. ### Response: Review t he basis f or a hist orical diagnosis of hear t failure.


Instruction: What should a person have done fur ther in vestigation?

Output: appr opriat

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should a person have done fur ther in vestigation?. ### Response: appr opriat.


Instruction: Chronic hear t failure in adult s: diagnosis and management (NG106) NICE 2023.

Output: All

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Chronic hear t failure in adult s: diagnosis and management (NG106) NICE 2023.. ### Response: All.


Instruction: What year is NICE 2023?

Output: Chronic hear t failure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year is NICE 2023?. ### Response: Chronic hear t failure.


Instruction: What is the Subject t o Notice of right s?

Output: All right s reserved

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Subject t o Notice of right s?. ### Response: All right s reserved.


Instruction: What does VA/DoD CPG f or the Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction do?

Output: Primary Prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does VA/DoD CPG f or the Management of Dyslipidemia for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction do?. ### Response: Primary Prevention.


Instruction: What is the topic sub-topic # Recommendation Strengtha Pharma cotherapy, Supplements, and Nutraceuticals a. Primary Prevention 6. For primary prevention, we recommend offering what?

Output: a moderate -dose statin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the topic sub-topic # Recommendation Strengtha Pharma cotherapy, Supplements, and Nutraceuticals a. Primary Prevention 6. For primary prevention, we recommend offering what?. ### Response: a moderate -dose statin.


Instruction: What do we recommend for patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk?

Output: moderate -dose statin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we recommend for patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk?. ### Response: moderate -dose statin.


Instruction: What is the l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL?

Output: moderate -dose statin in patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk or l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL or diabetes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL?. ### Response: moderate -dose statin in patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk or l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL or diabetes.


Instruction: For primary prevention, what do we suggest offering a moderate -dose statin?

Output: patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk or l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL or diabetes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For primary prevention, what do we suggest offering a moderate -dose statin?. ### Response: patients with a >12% 10 -year cardiovascular risk or l ow-density lipoprotein cholesterol >190 mg/dL or diabetes.


Instruction: What is the recommended dose of a moderate -dose statin for patients with a 10 -year cardiovascular risk between 6% and 12%?

Output: Strong for  7. For primary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the recommended dose of a moderate -dose statin for patients with a 10 -year cardiovascular risk between 6% and 12%?. ### Response: Strong for  7. For primary prevention.


Instruction: What is a weak for 8?

Output: primary prevention in patients on moderate -dose statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a weak for 8?. ### Response: primary prevention in patients on moderate -dose statins.


Instruction: For primary prevention in patients on moderate dose statins, what do we suggest against?

Output: maximizing the statin dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For primary prevention in patients on moderate dose statins, what do we suggest against?. ### Response: maximizing the statin dose.


Instruction: Why do we suggest against maximizing the statin dose in patients on moderate -dose statins?

Output: lack of evidence proving added cardiovascular benefits and the risks of higher dose statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do we suggest against maximizing the statin dose in patients on moderate -dose statins?. ### Response: lack of evidence proving added cardiovascular benefits and the risks of higher dose statins.


Instruction: What is there insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using for primary prevention?

Output: ezetimibe

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is there insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using for primary prevention?. ### Response: ezetimibe.


Instruction: What is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using ezetimibe with or without statins?

Output: primar y prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using ezetimibe with or without statins?. ### Response: primar y prevention.


Instruction: For primary prevention, we recommend against offering PCSK9 inhibitors due to unknown long-term safety, inconclusive evidence for benefit, and high cost?

Output: 10

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For primary prevention, we recommend against offering PCSK9 inhibitors due to unknown long-term safety, inconclusive evidence for benefit, and high cost?. ### Response: 10.


Instruction: Evidence for benefit and high cost?

Output: inconc lusive

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Evidence for benefit and high cost?. ### Response: inconc lusive.


Instruction: For secondary prevention, what do we recommend using at least a moderate-dose statin?

Output: Strong for 12

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For secondary prevention, what do we recommend using at least a moderate-dose statin?. ### Response: Strong for 12.


Instruction: What do we suggest for patients who are willing to intensify treatment?

Output: offering high -dose statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we suggest for patients who are willing to intensify treatment?. ### Response: offering high -dose statins.


Instruction: What are high -dose statins supposed to reduce?

Output: non -fatal cardiovascular events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are high -dose statins supposed to reduce?. ### Response: non -fatal cardiovascular events.


Instruction: What is ezetimibe used for in higher risk patients who are willing to intensify treatment?

Output: secondary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is ezetimibe used for in higher risk patients who are willing to intensify treatment?. ### Response: secondary prevention.


Instruction: What do we suggest adding to statins for reducing non -fatal cardiovascular events?

Output: ezetimibe

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we suggest adding to statins for reducing non -fatal cardiovascular events?. ### Response: ezetimibe.


Instruction: What do we suggest for secondary prevention in higher risk patients who are willing to intensify treatment?

Output: offering high -dose statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we suggest for secondary prevention in higher risk patients who are willing to intensify treatment?. ### Response: offering high -dose statins.


Instruction: What is a PCSK9 inhibitor in addition to?

Output: a maximally tolerated statin dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a PCSK9 inhibitor in addition to?. ### Response: a maximally tolerated statin dose.


Instruction: What is a PCSK9 inhibitor in addition to a maximally tolerated statin dose with ezetimibe for reducing non -fatal cardiovascular events?

Output: For secondary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a PCSK9 inhibitor in addition to a maximally tolerated statin dose with ezetimibe for reducing non -fatal cardiovascular events?. ### Response: For secondary prevention.


Instruction: A discussion of their uncertain long -term safety, additional benefits, and an exploration of the patient’s values and preferences are what?

Output: risk of high -dose statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A discussion of their uncertain long -term safety, additional benefits, and an exploration of the patient’s values and preferences are what?. ### Response: risk of high -dose statins.


Instruction: What is weak for c. Other Medications, Supplements, and Nutraceuticals?

Output: 15

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is weak for c. Other Medications, Supplements, and Nutraceuticals?. ### Response: 15.


Instruction: For primary or secondary prevention, what do we recommend against using?

Output: niacin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For primary or secondary prevention, what do we recommend against using?. ### Response: niacin.


Instruction: What do we suggest against adding fibrates to statins?

Output: primary or secondary prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do we suggest against adding fibrates to statins?. ### Response: primary or secondary prevention.


Instruction: What is weak against adding fibrates to statins?

Output: 17

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is weak against adding fibrates to statins?. ### Response: 17.


Instruction: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using bempedoic acid with or without what?

Output: statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against using bempedoic acid with or without what?. ### Response: statins.


Instruction: What did studies assessing mortality find no difference between those receiving PST and control groups?

Output: RR, 0.94[95% CI, 0.77-1.14

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did studies assessing mortality find no difference between those receiving PST and control groups?. ### Response: RR, 0.94[95% CI, 0.77-1.14.


Instruction: How many fewer deaths per 1000?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many fewer deaths per 1000?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: How many more deaths per 1000?

Output: 2 fewer deaths per 1000 [95% CI, 9fewer to 5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many more deaths per 1000?. ### Response: 2 fewer deaths per 1000 [95% CI, 9fewer to 5.


Instruction: How was the effect of PST on recurrent PE and DVT estimated?

Output: by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence rates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How was the effect of PST on recurrent PE and DVT estimated?. ### Response: by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence rates.


Instruction: What was the RRestimate for thromboembolic events applied to baseline recurrence rates?

Output: effect ofPST on recurrent PE and DVT was estimated by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence ratesof PE and DVT. PST possibly reduces the risk for recurrent PE(RR, 0.73

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the RRestimate for thromboembolic events applied to baseline recurrence rates?. ### Response: effect ofPST on recurrent PE and DVT was estimated by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence ratesof PE and DVT. PST possibly reduces the risk for recurrent PE(RR, 0.73.


Instruction: PST may reduce the risk for what?

Output: recurrent PE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: PST may reduce the risk for what?. ### Response: recurrent PE.


Instruction: What is the RR of recurrent PE?

Output: 0.73

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the RR of recurrent PE?. ### Response: 0.73.


Instruction: What does the CI of 0.52-1.03 mean?

Output: no effect

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the CI of 0.52-1.03 mean?. ### Response: no effect.


Instruction: How is the estimate of DVT calculated?

Output: by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence ratesof PE and DVT. PST possibly reduces the risk for recurrent PE(RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.52-1.03]; ARR, 5 fewer per 1000 [95% CI,10 fewer to 1 more per 1000]; low certainty) and DVT (RR, 0.73[95% CI, 0.52-1.03]; ARR, 7 fewer per 1000 [95% CI, 12 fewer to 1more per 1000]; low certainty), but the estimate is imprecise

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is the estimate of DVT calculated?. ### Response: by applying the RRestimate for thromboembolic events to baseline recurrence ratesof PE and DVT. PST possibly reduces the risk for recurrent PE(RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.52-1.03]; ARR, 5 fewer per 1000 [95% CI,10 fewer to 1 more per 1000]; low certainty) and DVT (RR, 0.73[95% CI, 0.52-1.03]; ARR, 7 fewer per 1000 [95% CI, 12 fewer to 1more per 1000]; low certainty), but the estimate is imprecise.


Instruction: The estimate is imprecise what?

Output: theCI includes no effect

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The estimate is imprecise what?. ### Response: theCI includes no effect.


Instruction: What does the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale measure?

Output: patient satisfaction with anticoagulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale measure?. ### Response: patient satisfaction with anticoagulation.


Instruction: What is the minimum duration of follow-up?

Output: 2 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the minimum duration of follow-up?. ### Response: 2 years.


Instruction: When was patient satisfaction with anticoagulation greater?

Output: 27 NOVEMBER 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was patient satisfaction with anticoagulation greater?. ### Response: 27 NOVEMBER 2018.


Instruction: What did lower scores indicate?

Output: better satisfaction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did lower scores indicate?. ### Response: better satisfaction.


Instruction: What was greater in 27 NOVEMBER 2018 xVOLUME 2, NUMBER 22 ASH 2018 VTE GUIDELINES: ANTICOAGULATION MANAGEMENT 3265Downloaded by guest on what date?

Output: 21 April 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was greater in 27 NOVEMBER 2018 xVOLUME 2, NUMBER 22 ASH 2018 VTE GUIDELINES: ANTICOAGULATION MANAGEMENT 3265Downloaded by guest on what date?. ### Response: 21 April 2023.


Instruction: What is an important risk factor for the development of contrast-induced AKI?

Output: Diabetes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an important risk factor for the development of contrast-induced AKI?. ### Response: Diabetes.


Instruction: How many studies have evaluated how the presence of diabetes may impact the clinical outcome of patientsundergoing PCI and decisions about CABG?

Output: Numerous analyses and clini-cal studies

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many studies have evaluated how the presence of diabetes may impact the clinical outcome of patientsundergoing PCI and decisions about CABG?. ### Response: Numerous analyses and clini-cal studies.


Instruction: What is the leading cause of death in women in the US and Europe?

Output: Cardiovascular disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the leading cause of death in women in the US and Europe?. ### Response: Cardiovascular disease.


Instruction: What percentage of PCIs in the United States are performed in women?

Output: 35%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of PCIs in the United States are performed in women?. ### Response: 35%.


Instruction: What percentage of PCIs in the US are performed in women?

Output: 35%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of PCIs in the US are performed in women?. ### Response: 35%.


Instruction: Women undergoing PCI usually have more risk factors than what other group?

Output: men

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Women undergoing PCI usually have more risk factors than what other group?. ### Response: men.


Instruction: What are women with STEMI less likely to receive?

Output: early medical treatments

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are women with STEMI less likely to receive?. ### Response: early medical treatments.


Instruction: What does DES appear to be similarly efficacious in?

Output: subgroup analyses ofclinical trials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does DES appear to be similarly efficacious in?. ### Response: subgroup analyses ofclinical trials.


Instruction: What should be estimated and the dosage of renallycleared medications adjusted?

Output: glomerular filtrationrate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be estimated and the dosage of renallycleared medications adjusted?. ### Response: glomerular filtrationrate.


Instruction: What should be adjusted?

Output: dosage of renallycleared medications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be adjusted?. ### Response: dosage of renallycleared medications.


Instruction: What is an independent risk factor for the development andprogression of CAD?

Output: CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an independent risk factor for the development andprogression of CAD?. ### Response: CKD.


Instruction: What should be considered abnormal?

Output: A glomerular filtration rateof/H1102160 mL/min per 1.73 m2of body surface area

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be considered abnormal?. ### Response: A glomerular filtration rateof/H1102160 mL/min per 1.73 m2of body surface area.


Instruction: Patients with CKD undergoing PCI have a higher risk of complications, including what?

Output: bleeding,776AKI, and death

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Patients with CKD undergoing PCI have a higher risk of complications, including what?. ### Response: bleeding,776AKI, and death.


Instruction: What is not a strong predictor ofrestenosis after BMS or DES?

Output: CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not a strong predictor ofrestenosis after BMS or DES?. ### Response: CKD.


Instruction: What is a common surrogate marker for estimating creatinine clearance?

Output: Cockcroft-Gault formula

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a common surrogate marker for estimating creatinine clearance?. ### Response: Cockcroft-Gault formula.


Instruction: What does the Cockcroft-Gault formula estimate?

Output: glomerular filtration

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the Cockcroft-Gault formula estimate?. ### Response: glomerular filtration.


Instruction: What is a major cause of death incardiac transplant recipients after their first year of sur-vival?

Output: Cardiac AllograftsCardiac allograft vasculopathy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a major cause of death incardiac transplant recipients after their first year of sur-vival?. ### Response: Cardiac AllograftsCardiac allograft vasculopathy.


Instruction: Revascularization for cardiac allograftvasculopathy with PCI is what?

Output: palliative

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Revascularization for cardiac allograftvasculopathy with PCI is what?. ### Response: palliative.


Instruction: What is only palliative with no evidence supporting benefit in regard to long-term survival or avoid-ance of retransplantation?

Output: revascularization for cardiac allograftvasculopathy with PCI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is only palliative with no evidence supporting benefit in regard to long-term survival or avoid-ance of retransplantation?. ### Response: revascularization for cardiac allograftvasculopathy with PCI.


Instruction: What is the restnosis rate after PCI inpatients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy?

Output: high

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the restnosis rate after PCI inpatients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy?. ### Response: high.


Instruction: DES have a tendency to lower what?

Output: restenosis rates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: DES have a tendency to lower what?. ### Response: restenosis rates.


Instruction: What has been shown to have a tendency to lower restenosis rates compared with BMS?

Output: DES

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been shown to have a tendency to lower restenosis rates compared with BMS?. ### Response: DES.


Instruction: What do many clinicians perform stenting with?

Output: DES

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do many clinicians perform stenting with?. ### Response: DES.


Instruction: What is the title of the Chronic Heart Failure Glossary?

Output: Chronic Heart Failure  Glossary  © NICE 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the title of the Chronic Heart Failure Glossary?. ### Response: Chronic Heart Failure  Glossary  © NICE 2018.


Instruction: Who is a healthcare professional who provides patient care?

Output: Clinician

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is a healthcare professional who provides patient care?. ### Response: Clinician.


Instruction: What type of study is a Cohort study?

Output: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of study is a Cohort study?. ### Response: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics.


Instruction: What is the Cochrane Library?

Output: a regularly updated collection of evidence -based medicine databases

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Cochrane Library?. ### Response: a regularly updated collection of evidence -based medicine databases.


Instruction: What is a cohort study?

Output: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a cohort study?. ### Response: A study with 2 or more groups of people – cohorts – with similar characteristics.


Instruction: What is the term for a study with 2 or more groups of people with similar characteristics?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for a study with 2 or more groups of people with similar characteristics?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: One group receives a treatment, is exposed to a risk factor or has a particular symptom and the other group does not?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: One group receives a treatment, is exposed to a risk factor or has a particular symptom and the other group does not?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: What is the term for a study that follows a person's progress over time and records what happens?

Output: Cohort study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for a study that follows a person's progress over time and records what happens?. ### Response: Cohort study.


Instruction: What is another term for an observational study?

Output: Comorbidity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another term for an observational study?. ### Response: Comorbidity.


Instruction: A disease or condition that someone has in addition to the health problem being studied or treated is called what?

Output: Comorbidity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A disease or condition that someone has in addition to the health problem being studied or treated is called what?. ### Response: Comorbidity.


Instruction: What is a recent term whose meaning has changed?

Output: Concordance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a recent term whose meaning has changed?. ### Response: Concordance.


Instruction: What was originally applied to the c onsultation process?

Output: Concordance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was originally applied to the c onsultation process?. ### Response: Concordance.


Instruction: What does Concordance reflect?

Output: social values

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Concordance reflect?. ### Response: social values.


Instruction: What does CI stand for?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does CI stand for?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: Why is there always some uncertainty in research?

Output: a small group of patients is studied to predict the effects of a treatment on the wider population

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is there always some uncertainty in research?. ### Response: a small group of patients is studied to predict the effects of a treatment on the wider population.


Instruction: What is the CI?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the CI?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What is a way of expressing how certain we are about the findings from a study?

Output: c onfidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a way of expressing how certain we are about the findings from a study?. ### Response: c onfidence interval.


Instruction: What gives a range of results that is likely to include the true value for the population?

Output: The c onfidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What gives a range of results that is likely to include the true value for the population?. ### Response: The c onfidence interval.


Instruction: The CI is usually stated as what?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The CI is usually stated as what?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What does 95% CI stand for?

Output: Confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does 95% CI stand for?. ### Response: Confidence interval.


Instruction: What percentage of the chance of including the true blood pressure value is 95 in 100?

Output: 95% CI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of the chance of including the true blood pressure value is 95 in 100?. ### Response: 95% CI.


Instruction: What is the 95% confidence interval?

Output: 110 to 150

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 95% confidence interval?. ### Response: 110 to 150.


Instruction: What indicates a lack of certainty about the true effect of the test or treatment?

Output: A wide confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What indicates a lack of certainty about the true effect of the test or treatment?. ### Response: A wide confidence interval.


Instruction: What indicates a more precise estimate if a large number of patients have been studied?

Output: A narrow confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What indicates a more precise estimate if a large number of patients have been studied?. ### Response: A narrow confidence interval.


Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can influence the study?

Output: health status or age

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can influence the study?. ### Response: health status or age.


Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can result in misleading findings if it is not understood or appropriately dealt with?

Output: Confounding factor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a factor that influences a study and can result in misleading findings if it is not understood or appropriately dealt with?. ### Response: Confounding factor.


Instruction: A study of heart disease may look at a group of people that does what?

Output: exercises regularly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A study of heart disease may look at a group of people that does what?. ### Response: exercises regularly.