Instruction: What percentage of patients assigned to upstream administra-tion had composite ischemic endpoint occurred?

Output: 7.1%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of patients assigned to upstream administra-tion had composite ischemic endpoint occurred?. ### Response: 7.1%.


Instruction: What was lower in the deferred-use group versus the up-stream group?

Output: Majorbleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was lower in the deferred-use group versus the up-stream group?. ### Response: Majorbleeding.


Instruction: What did early GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy reduce after PCI?

Output: complications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did early GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy reduce after PCI?. ### Response: complications.


Instruction: What did inhibitor therapy as dualantiplatelet therapy reduce complications after PCI?

Output: early GP IIb/IIIa

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did inhibitor therapy as dualantiplatelet therapy reduce complications after PCI?. ### Response: early GP IIb/IIIa.


Instruction: What do these 2 most recent studies strongly support?

Output: a strategy of selective rather than routine upstreamuse of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do these 2 most recent studies strongly support?. ### Response: a strategy of selective rather than routine upstreamuse of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy.


Instruction: Data from EARLY ACS56highlight the potentialbleeding risks of what?

Output: upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Data from EARLY ACS56highlight the potentialbleeding risks of what?. ### Response: upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor.


Instruction: What are the potentialbleeding risks of upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor as part of triple antiplatelet therapy?

Output: Data from EARLY ACS56highlight the potentialbleeding risks of upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor aspart of triple antiplatelet therapy. The use of a GP IIb/IIIainhibitor should be undertaken when the risk-benefit ratiosuggests a potential benefit for the patient

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the potentialbleeding risks of upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor as part of triple antiplatelet therapy?. ### Response: Data from EARLY ACS56highlight the potentialbleeding risks of upstream use of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor aspart of triple antiplatelet therapy. The use of a GP IIb/IIIainhibitor should be undertaken when the risk-benefit ratiosuggests a potential benefit for the patient.


Instruction: What should be undertaken when the risk-benefit ratio suggests a potential benefit for the patient?

Output: The use of a GP IIb/IIIainhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be undertaken when the risk-benefit ratio suggests a potential benefit for the patient?. ### Response: The use of a GP IIb/IIIainhibitor.


Instruction: What may not be supported when there is a concern for increased bleedingrisk or in non-high-risk subsets?

Output: The use of theseagents as part of triple antiplatelet therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may not be supported when there is a concern for increased bleedingrisk or in non-high-risk subsets?. ### Response: The use of theseagents as part of triple antiplatelet therapy.


Instruction: What may the potential benefit be offset by?

Output: the potential risk of bleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may the potential benefit be offset by?. ### Response: the potential risk of bleeding.


Instruction: What may be offset by the potential risk of bleeding?

Output: the potential benefit

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be offset by the potential risk of bleeding?. ### Response: the potential benefit.


Instruction: What is the potential benefit of UA/NSTEMI?

Output: noninferiority hypothesis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the potential benefit of UA/NSTEMI?. ### Response: noninferiority hypothesis.


Instruction: How is timing of invasive therapy determined?

Output: optimal timing of angiography has not been well defined

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is timing of invasive therapy determined?. ### Response: optimal timing of angiography has not been well defined.


Instruction: What is used for whoman early invasive strategy of coronary angiography?

Output: UA/NSTEMI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used for whoman early invasive strategy of coronary angiography?. ### Response: UA/NSTEMI.


Instruction: What may prevent ischemic events that would otherwise occur during medical therapy?

Output: Earlyor immediate catheterization with revascularization of unstablecoronary lesions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may prevent ischemic events that would otherwise occur during medical therapy?. ### Response: Earlyor immediate catheterization with revascularization of unstablecoronary lesions.


Instruction: Pretreatment with intensive antithrombotic therapy may diminish thrombusburden and what?

Output: “passivate” unstable plaques

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Pretreatment with intensive antithrombotic therapy may diminish thrombusburden and what?. ### Response: “passivate” unstable plaques.


Instruction: What can intensive antithrombotic therapy diminish?

Output: thrombusburden

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can intensive antithrombotic therapy diminish?. ### Response: thrombusburden.


Instruction: What can improve the safety ofpercutaneous revascularization?

Output: pretreatmentwith intensive antithrombotic therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can improve the safety ofpercutaneous revascularization?. ### Response: pretreatmentwith intensive antithrombotic therapy.


Instruction: How many trials have compared strategies of early versus delayed intervention inpatients with UA/NSTEMI?

Output: Three

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many trials have compared strategies of early versus delayed intervention inpatients with UA/NSTEMI?. ### Response: Three.


Instruction: How many patients were randomized to undergo coronary angiogra-phy within 6 hours of presentation?

Output: 410

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were randomized to undergo coronary angiogra-phy within 6 hours of presentation?. ### Response: 410.


Instruction: How long did it take for patients with unstablechest pain to undergo an angioplasty?

Output: 6 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for patients with unstablechest pain to undergo an angioplasty?. ### Response: 6 hours.


Instruction: What is the name of the trial that randomized 410 patients?

Output: ISAR-COOL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the trial that randomized 410 patients?. ### Response: ISAR-COOL.


Instruction: How long is the median time of antithrombotic pretreatment?

Output: 86 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is the median time of antithrombotic pretreatment?. ### Response: 86 hours.


Instruction: How long does it take to treat a patient after presentation?

Output: 2 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to treat a patient after presentation?. ### Response: 2 hours.


Instruction: What is the average time of treatment?

Output: 2.4 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the average time of treatment?. ### Response: 2.4 hours.


Instruction: What is the long-term clinical impact of functional mitral regurgitation after aortic valve replacement?

Output: superior to double valve replacement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the long-term clinical impact of functional mitral regurgitation after aortic valve replacement?. ### Response: superior to double valve replacement.


Instruction: What year did Ann Thorac Surg. 2012:92:1339-45?

Output: 2011

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did Ann Thorac Surg. 2012:92:1339-45?. ### Response: 2011.


Instruction: How long did it take for patients with functional mitral regurgitation to recover after aortic valve replacement?

Output: 2-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for patients with functional mitral regurgitation to recover after aortic valve replacement?. ### Response: 2-year.


Instruction: What is the name of the organization that studies the impact of preoperative moder-ate/severe mitral re-gurgitation on outcome?

Output: PARTNER

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the organization that studies the impact of preoperative moder-ate/severe mitral re-gurgitation on outcome?. ### Response: PARTNER.


Instruction: What is the name of the PARTNER Trial Cohort?

Output: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the PARTNER Trial Cohort?. ### Response: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve.


Instruction: What was the Circulation. 2013:128:2776–84?

Output: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the Circulation. 2013:128:2776–84?. ### Response: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A.


Instruction: Fate and long-term prognostic implications of mitral regurgitation in patients undergo-ing transcatheter aortic valve replacement?

Output: superior to double valve replacement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Fate and long-term prognostic implications of mitral regurgitation in patients undergo-ing transcatheter aortic valve replacement?. ### Response: superior to double valve replacement.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that addresses Mixed MS and AR?

Output: Intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that addresses Mixed MS and AR?. ### Response: Intervention.


Instruction: What are the names of the studies that address Mixed MS?

Output: Gash AK, Carabello BA, Kent RL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the names of the studies that address Mixed MS?. ### Response: Gash AK, Carabello BA, Kent RL.


Instruction: How is left ventricular performance in patients with coexistent mitral stenosis and aortic insufficiency?

Output: 703–11

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is left ventricular performance in patients with coexistent mitral stenosis and aortic insufficiency?. ### Response: 703–11.


Instruction: What is superior to double valve replacement?

Output: Mitral valve repair with aortic valve replacement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is superior to double valve replacement?. ### Response: Mitral valve repair with aortic valve replacement.


Instruction: What is aortic valve repair superior to?

Output: double valve replacement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is aortic valve repair superior to?. ### Response: double valve replacement.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that used Doppler echocardiographic measurements of prosthetic valve gradients?

Output: Burstow DJ, Nishimura RA, Bailey KR, et al. Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic measurement of prosthetic valve gradients. A simulta-neous Doppler-catheter correlative study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that used Doppler echocardiographic measurements of prosthetic valve gradients?. ### Response: Burstow DJ, Nishimura RA, Bailey KR, et al. Continuous wave Doppler echocardiographic measurement of prosthetic valve gradients. A simulta-neous Doppler-catheter correlative study.


Instruction: What year did Circulation. 1989:80:504–14?

Output: 1989

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did Circulation. 1989:80:504–14?. ### Response: 1989.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated the Doppler-catheter gradient correlation?

Output: in vitro study of normal St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock valves

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated the Doppler-catheter gradient correlation?. ### Response: in vitro study of normal St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock valves.


Instruction: What are the names of the valves that were studied in vitro?

Output: St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the names of the valves that were studied in vitro?. ### Response: St. Jude, Medtronic-Hall, Starr-Edwards and Hancock.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated pressure recovery in bileaflet heart valve prostheses?

Output: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated pressure recovery in bileaflet heart valve prostheses?. ### Response: Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial Cohort A.


Instruction: What are the implications for Doppler-catheter gradient relation in aortic and mitral position?

Output: Localized high velocities and gradients in central and side orifices

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the implications for Doppler-catheter gradient relation in aortic and mitral position?. ### Response: Localized high velocities and gradients in central and side orifices.


Instruction: What did Dumesnil JG, Honos GN, Lemieux M, et al. Validation and applications of indexed aortic prosthetic valve areas calculated by Doppler echocardiog-raphy?

Output: 4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Dumesnil JG, Honos GN, Lemieux M, et al. Validation and applications of indexed aortic prosthetic valve areas calculated by Doppler echocardiog-raphy?. ### Response: 4.


Instruction: What did Van den Brink RBA evaluate of prosthetic heart valves by transesopha-geal echocardiography?

Output: problems, pitfalls, and timing of echocardiogra-phy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Van den Brink RBA evaluate of prosthetic heart valves by transesopha-geal echocardiography?. ### Response: problems, pitfalls, and timing of echocardiogra-phy.


Instruction: What is the name of the technique used to assess the severity of prosthetic mitral regurgitation by transoesophageal echocardiography?

Output: Continuous wave Doppler

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the technique used to assess the severity of prosthetic mitral regurgitation by transoesophageal echocardiography?. ### Response: Continuous wave Doppler.


Instruction: What are the problems, pitfalls, and timing of echocardiogra-phy?

Output: Evaluation of prosthetic heart valves

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the problems, pitfalls, and timing of echocardiogra-phy?. ### Response: Evaluation of prosthetic heart valves.


Instruction: What should be given before the procedure in patients undergoing PCI with stenting?

Output: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be given before the procedure in patients undergoing PCI with stenting?. ### Response: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor.


Instruction: What is a loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor given before?

Output: the procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor given before?. ### Response: the procedure.


Instruction: How many mg of prasugrel is recommended for NSTE-ACS?

Output: 60 mg302

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many mg of prasugrel is recommended for NSTE-ACS?. ### Response: 60 mg302.


Instruction: What is a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor of clopidogrel and ticagrelor used for?

Output: adminis-ter a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-dose bolus tirofiban) at the time of PCI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor of clopidogrel and ticagrelor used for?. ### Response: adminis-ter a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-dose bolus tirofiban) at the time of PCI.


Instruction: What is an example of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?

Output: abciximab

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an example of a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?. ### Response: abciximab.


Instruction: What should be given for at least a year in patients with NSTE-ACS?

Output: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be given for at least a year in patients with NSTE-ACS?. ### Response: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor.


Instruction: How long should P2Y12 inhibitor therapy be given?

Output: before the procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long should P2Y12 inhibitor therapy be given?. ### Response: before the procedure.


Instruction: How long should NSTE-ACS, P2Y12 inhibitor therapy be given?

Output: before the procedure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long should NSTE-ACS, P2Y12 inhibitor therapy be given?. ### Response: before the procedure.


Instruction: How many mg daily is clopidogrel?

Output: 75

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many mg daily is clopidogrel?. ### Response: 75.


Instruction: What is the level of evidence for Prasugrel#?

Output: 60 mg302

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the level of evidence for Prasugrel#?. ### Response: 60 mg302.


Instruction: How often is ticagrelor used for P2Y12 inhibition treatment?

Output: 90 mg twice daily

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How often is ticagrelor used for P2Y12 inhibition treatment?. ### Response: 90 mg twice daily.


Instruction: What is prasugrel used for in patients with NSTE-ACS treated with an early invasive strategy and coronary stenting?

Output: P2Y12 treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is prasugrel used for in patients with NSTE-ACS treated with an early invasive strategy and coronary stenting?. ### Response: P2Y12 treatment.


Instruction: Prasugrel over clopidogrel for P2Y12 treatment in patients with NSTE-ACS who are not at high risk of bleeding complications?

Output: 60 mg302

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Prasugrel over clopidogrel for P2Y12 treatment in patients with NSTE-ACS who are not at high risk of bleeding complications?. ### Response: 60 mg302.


Instruction: What is reasonable to administer to patients with high-risk features treated with UFH?

Output: a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable to administer to patients with high-risk features treated with UFH?. ### Response: a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor.


Instruction: What is a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?

Output: abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-dose bolus tirofiban

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor?. ### Response: abciximab, double-bolus eptifibatide, or high-dose bolus tirofiban.


Instruction: What is the level of evidence for aspirin after PCI?

Output: 81 mg per day

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the level of evidence for aspirin after PCI?. ### Response: 81 mg per day.


Instruction: How long is the recommended duration of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy after stent implantation?

Output: 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is the recommended duration of P2Y12 inhibitor therapy after stent implantation?. ### Response: 12 months.


Instruction: What is a reasonable length of time to discontinue P2y12 inhibi-tor therapy?

Output: <12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a reasonable length of time to discontinue P2y12 inhibi-tor therapy?. ### Response: <12 months.


Instruction: How long is DAPT considered to be reasonable?

Output: 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is DAPT considered to be reasonable?. ### Response: 12 months.


Instruction: What should not be administered to patients with a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack?

Output: Prasugrel

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should not be administered to patients with a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack?. ### Response: Prasugrel.


Instruction: What does aspirin reduce the frequency of after PCI?

Output: ischemic complications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does aspirin reduce the frequency of after PCI?. ### Response: ischemic complications.


Instruction: What is recommended in patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI in 2011?

Output: antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended in patients with NSTE-ACS undergoing PCI in 2011?. ### Response: antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy.


Instruction: How long before PCI is DAPT ideally administered?

Output: 12 months

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long before PCI is DAPT ideally administered?. ### Response: 12 months.


Instruction: What is a P2Y12 inhibitor?

Output: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor should be given before the procedure in patients undergoing PCI with stenting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a P2Y12 inhibitor?. ### Response: A loading dose of a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor should be given before the procedure in patients undergoing PCI with stenting.


Instruction: What is an attempt to reduce the emergence of resistance to daptomycin after vancomycin therapy?

Output: mycin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an attempt to reduce the emergence of resistance to daptomycin after vancomycin therapy?. ### Response: mycin.


Instruction: Evidence for these recommendations has come largely from in vitro PK/PD models using high-inoculum–simulated endocardial vegetations with S aureus111 and enterococci111 and from animal mod-els of IE111?

Output: 110

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Evidence for these recommendations has come largely from in vitro PK/PD models using high-inoculum–simulated endocardial vegetations with S aureus111 and enterococci111 and from animal mod-els of IE111?. ### Response: 110.


Instruction: What is the targeted PK/PD parameter for patients with serious S aureus infections?

Output: AUC24/MIC ≥400

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the targeted PK/PD parameter for patients with serious S aureus infections?. ### Response: AUC24/MIC ≥400.


Instruction: What did Kullar et al113 demonstrate in an evaluation of 320 MRSA patients with complicated bacteremia?

Output: an AUC24/MIC >421 was significantly associated with improved patient outcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Kullar et al113 demonstrate in an evaluation of 320 MRSA patients with complicated bacteremia?. ### Response: an AUC24/MIC >421 was significantly associated with improved patient outcomes.


Instruction: What was significantly associated with improved patient outcomes?

Output: AUC24/MIC >421

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was significantly associated with improved patient outcomes?. ### Response: AUC24/MIC >421.


Instruction: What was associated with trough serum concentrations >15 mg/L?

Output: AUC24/MIC ratio

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was associated with trough serum concentrations >15 mg/L?. ### Response: AUC24/MIC ratio.


Instruction: How long are results of blood cultures monitored for?

Output: 24 to 48 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long are results of blood cultures monitored for?. ### Response: 24 to 48 hours.


Instruction: What is administered with the expectation that the regimen will be revised once a pathogen is defined?

Output: empiri-cal antimicrobial therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is administered with the expectation that the regimen will be revised once a pathogen is defined?. ### Response: empiri-cal antimicrobial therapy.


Instruction: How is the selection of an optimal empiric regimen based?

Output: in vitro data and consensus opinion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is the selection of an optimal empiric regimen based?. ### Response: in vitro data and consensus opinion.


Instruction: What should occur at the time of empirical therapy initiation to help define a regimen?

Output: infectious diseases consultation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should occur at the time of empirical therapy initiation to help define a regimen?. ### Response: infectious diseases consultation.


Instruction: Why is the selection of a regimen highly variable?

Output: retrospectively col-lected data from 2 different medical centers

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is the selection of a regimen highly variable?. ### Response: retrospectively col-lected data from 2 different medical centers.


Instruction: The results of clinical efficacy studies support the use of what?

Output: most treatment regimens

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The results of clinical efficacy studies support the use of what?. ### Response: most treatment regimens.


Instruction: Clinical efficacy studies support the use of most treatment regimens described in what guidelines?

Output: in vitro data and consensus opinion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Clinical efficacy studies support the use of most treatment regimens described in what guidelines?. ### Response: in vitro data and consensus opinion.


Instruction: What is reasonable for the counting of days for the duration of therapy to be?

Output: begin on the first day on which blood cultures are negative

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable for the counting of days for the duration of therapy to be?. ### Response: begin on the first day on which blood cultures are negative.


Instruction: How many sets of blood cultures should be obtained every 24 to 48 hours until bloodstream infection is cleared?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many sets of blood cultures should be obtained every 24 to 48 hours until bloodstream infection is cleared?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: How many hours until bloodstream infection is cleared?

Output: 24 to 48 hours

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many hours until bloodstream infection is cleared?. ### Response: 24 to 48 hours.


Instruction: If a patient undergoes valve surgery and the resected valve tissue is culture positive or a perivalvular abscess is found, an entire course of what is reasonable after valve surgery?

Output: antimicrobial therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If a patient undergoes valve surgery and the resected valve tissue is culture positive or a perivalvular abscess is found, an entire course of what is reasonable after valve surgery?. ### Response: antimicrobial therapy.


Instruction: After valve surgery, what may be reasonable if the resected tissue is culture negative?

Output: the duration of postoperative treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: After valve surgery, what may be reasonable if the resected tissue is culture negative?. ### Response: the duration of postoperative treatment.


Instruction: What has been challenged by retrospective col-lected data from 2 different medical centers?

Output: antimicrobial therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been challenged by retrospective col-lected data from 2 different medical centers?. ### Response: antimicrobial therapy.


Instruction: How many weeks of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient in patients who undergo valve surgery and have negative results?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many weeks of antibiotic therapy may be sufficient in patients who undergo valve surgery and have negative results?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial that evaluated cognitive outcomes in elderly high-risk patients 1 year after off-pump versus on-pushcoronary artery bypass grafting?

Output: the best bypass surgery trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial that evaluated cognitive outcomes in elderly high-risk patients 1 year after off-pump versus on-pushcoronary artery bypass grafting?. ### Response: the best bypass surgery trial.


Instruction: How many patients underwent coronary intervention in 2008?

Output: 1191

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients underwent coronary intervention in 2008?. ### Response: 1191.


Instruction: What technique was used in 1191patients?

Output: on-pump

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What technique was used in 1191patients?. ### Response: on-pump.


Instruction: How many elderly patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in 2008?

Output: 1191

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many elderly patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in 2008?. ### Response: 1191.


Instruction: How many patients were compared between off-pump and on-push techniques?

Output: 1191

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were compared between off-pump and on-push techniques?. ### Response: 1191.


Instruction: What year did Circulation issue 110:II1–6.78?

Output: 2004

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did Circulation issue 110:II1–6.78?. ### Response: 2004.


Instruction: What is the name of the best bypass surgery trial?

Output: Moller CH, Perko MJ, Lund JT, et al. No major differences in 30–dayoutcomes in high-risk patients randomized to off-pump versuson-pump coronary bypass surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the best bypass surgery trial?. ### Response: Moller CH, Perko MJ, Lund JT, et al. No major differences in 30–dayoutcomes in high-risk patients randomized to off-pump versuson-pump coronary bypass surgery.


Instruction: How many patients were included in the meta-analysis of 4921 patients?

Output: 657–64.77

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were included in the meta-analysis of 4921 patients?. ### Response: 657–64.77.


Instruction: How many patients underwent coronary artery bypassgrafting?

Output: 4921

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients underwent coronary artery bypassgrafting?. ### Response: 4921.


Instruction: What did Puskas JD, Edwards FH, Pappas PA, et al. study?

Output: Early outcomes in the elderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Puskas JD, Edwards FH, Pappas PA, et al. study?. ### Response: Early outcomes in the elderly.


Instruction: Off-pump techniques benefit men and women and narrow the disparity in what?

Output: mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Off-pump techniques benefit men and women and narrow the disparity in what?. ### Response: mortality.


Instruction: What technique disproportionately benefits high-risk patients?

Output: Off-pump coronary arterybypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What technique disproportionately benefits high-risk patients?. ### Response: Off-pump coronary arterybypass.


Instruction: What technique narrows the gender disparity inoutcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery?

Output: Off-pump

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What technique narrows the gender disparity inoutcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery?. ### Response: Off-pump.


Instruction: What disproportionately benefits high-risk patients?

Output: Off-pump coronary arterybypass

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What disproportionately benefits high-risk patients?. ### Response: Off-pump coronary arterybypass.


Instruction: What reduces mortality and stroke in patients with athero-matous aortas: a case control study?

Output: Off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What reduces mortality and stroke in patients with athero-matous aortas: a case control study?. ### Response: Off-pump coronary arterybypass grafting.


Instruction: What type of off-pump coronaryartery bypass grafting significantly reduces neurological complications?

Output: Anaortic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of off-pump coronaryartery bypass grafting significantly reduces neurological complications?. ### Response: Anaortic.


Instruction: What is untouched aorta off-push coronary surgery able to reduce?

Output: strokes in theelderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is untouched aorta off-push coronary surgery able to reduce?. ### Response: strokes in theelderly.


Instruction: What are the benefits of untouched aorta off-pump coronary surgery?

Output: Reduced strokes in theelderly

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the benefits of untouched aorta off-pump coronary surgery?. ### Response: Reduced strokes in theelderly.


Instruction: What is a comparison of left internalmammary artery and venous autograft at 18 to 20 years of follow up?

Output: Surgical treatment of isolatedleft anterior descending coronary stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a comparison of left internalmammary artery and venous autograft at 18 to 20 years of follow up?. ### Response: Surgical treatment of isolatedleft anterior descending coronary stenosis.


Instruction: How long did coronary bypass surgery last?

Output: 15–year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did coronary bypass surgery last?. ### Response: 15–year.


Instruction: What is the effect of the internal-mammary-artery graft on survival?

Output: narrow the disparity in mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of the internal-mammary-artery graft on survival?. ### Response: narrow the disparity in mortality.


Instruction: What is the effect of internal-mammary-artery graft on 10 year survival and other cardiac events?

Output: influence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of internal-mammary-artery graft on 10 year survival and other cardiac events?. ### Response: influence.


Instruction: When was the N Engl J Med 314:1–6.89 published?

Output: 1986

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the N Engl J Med 314:1–6.89 published?. ### Response: 1986.


Instruction: What is reasonable for patients with a subacute (weeks) presenta-tion of NVE?

Output: coverage of S aureus, VGS, HACEK, and enterococci

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable for patients with a subacute (weeks) presenta-tion of NVE?. ### Response: coverage of S aureus, VGS, HACEK, and enterococci.


Instruction: For patients with culture-negative PVE, coverage for staphylococci, enterococci, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli is reasonable?

Output: if onset of symp-toms is within 1 year of prosthetic valve placement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For patients with culture-negative PVE, coverage for staphylococci, enterococci, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli is reasonable?. ### Response: if onset of symp-toms is within 1 year of prosthetic valve placement.


Instruction: What is reasonable if onset of symptoms is within 1 year of prosthetic valve placement?

Output: cover -age for staphylococci, enterococci, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable if onset of symptoms is within 1 year of prosthetic valve placement?. ### Response: cover -age for staphylococci, enterococci, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli.


Instruction: What is more likely to be caused by staphylococci, VGS, and VGS?

Output: IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is more likely to be caused by staphylococci, VGS, and VGS?. ### Response: IE.


Instruction: What is more likely to be caused by staphylococci, VGS, and enterococci?

Output: IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is more likely to be caused by staphylococci, VGS, and enterococci?. ### Response: IE.


Instruction: What is reasonable (Class IIa; Level of Evidence C)?

Output: antibiotic therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is reasonable (Class IIa; Level of Evidence C)?. ### Response: antibiotic therapy.


Instruction: If subsequent blood culture results or other labora-tory methodologies define a pathogen, what should be revised to?

Output: empiri-cal therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If subsequent blood culture results or other labora-tory methodologies define a pathogen, what should be revised to?. ### Response: empiri-cal therapy.


Instruction: What should therapy be revised to?

Output: focused therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should therapy be revised to?. ### Response: focused therapy.


Instruction: What is rare but can develop in a wide range of patients?

Output: FungiFungal IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is rare but can develop in a wide range of patients?. ### Response: FungiFungal IE.


Instruction: IDU and immunocompromised state have become less prevalent compared with what?

Output: fungal IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: IDU and immunocompromised state have become less prevalent compared with what?. ### Response: fungal IE.


Instruction: Central venous catheters, perma-nent pacemakers, and defibrillators are examples of what type of device?

Output: car -diovascular

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Central venous catheters, perma-nent pacemakers, and defibrillators are examples of what type of device?. ### Response: car -diovascular.


Instruction: What has been recognized as a cause of early PVE?

Output: Fungal IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been recognized as a cause of early PVE?. ### Response: Fungal IE.


Instruction: What percentage of fungal IE cases had symptom onset >1 years after prosthetic valve placement?

Output: 43%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of fungal IE cases had symptom onset >1 years after prosthetic valve placement?. ### Response: 43%.


Instruction: What is the expected older age predilection for the development of IE?

Output: >1 year after valve placement

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the expected older age predilection for the development of IE?. ### Response: >1 year after valve placement.


Instruction: What species account for the large majority of fun-gal IE?

Output: Candida and Aspergillus

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What species account for the large majority of fun-gal IE?. ### Response: Candida and Aspergillus.


Instruction: What is much more common than Aspergillus-related disease?

Output: Candida-related IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is much more common than Aspergillus-related disease?. ### Response: Candida-related IE.


Instruction: How are blood cultures ultimately positive in most cases?

Output: caused by the former pathogen

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are blood cultures ultimately positive in most cases?. ### Response: caused by the former pathogen.


Instruction: What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?

Output: Aspergillus

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the most common cause of culture-negative IE?. ### Response: Aspergillus.


Instruction: What fungus causes culture-positive IE in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves?

Output: mycoses

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What fungus causes culture-positive IE in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves?. ### Response: mycoses.


Instruction: What can cause IE in a patient with a prosthetic cardiac valve?

Output: Aspergillus

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can cause IE in a patient with a prosthetic cardiac valve?. ### Response: Aspergillus.


Instruction: What can endemic mycoses cause?

Output: IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can endemic mycoses cause?. ### Response: IE.


Instruction: How can noncardiac sites of metastatic infection often compli-cate fungal IE?

Output: this can include, for example, endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE, which may require both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can noncardiac sites of metastatic infection often compli-cate fungal IE?. ### Response: this can include, for example, endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE, which may require both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy.


Instruction: What is endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE?

Output: both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE?. ### Response: both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy.


Instruction: What may require both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy?

Output: endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may require both systemic and intraocular antifungal therapy?. ### Response: endophthalmitis in patients with candidal IE.


Instruction: Who provides additional management aspects of several of the fungal patho-gens?

Output: Infectious Diseases Society of America

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who provides additional management aspects of several of the fungal patho-gens?. ### Response: Infectious Diseases Society of America.


Instruction: What are the mortality rates for fungal IE?

Output: 43%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the mortality rates for fungal IE?. ### Response: 43%.


Instruction: What is the ACCF/AHA CABG Guideline e727Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on April 26, 2023?

Output: Outcome of male versus female patients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the ACCF/AHA CABG Guideline e727Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on April 26, 2023?. ### Response: Outcome of male versus female patients.


Instruction: What is conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction?

Output: the British Heart Foundation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction?. ### Response: the British Heart Foundation.


Instruction: What is the British Heart Foundation RITA 3e460 Circulation December 18/25, 2012?

Output: conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the British Heart Foundation RITA 3e460 Circulation December 18/25, 2012?. ### Response: conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.


Instruction: Who published the 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?

Output: Arnett et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who published the 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?. ### Response: Arnett et al.


Instruction: What does treatment outweigh at thresh-old BP?

Output: potential harm

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does treatment outweigh at thresh-old BP?. ### Response: potential harm.


Instruction: What does more intense BP reduction reduce the risk of?

Output: stroke, coronary events, major cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does more intense BP reduction reduce the risk of?. ### Response: stroke, coronary events, major cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular mortality.


Instruction: What is the average BP of 158/82?

Output: 143/76 mm Hg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the average BP of 158/82?. ### Response: 143/76 mm Hg.


Instruction: What was the average BP of patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD?

Output: 158/82 to 143/76 mm Hg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the average BP of patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD?. ### Response: 158/82 to 143/76 mm Hg.


Instruction: What is the 10-year ASCVD risk?

Output: ≥10%,

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the 10-year ASCVD risk?. ### Response: ≥10%,.


Instruction: How long does it take for most patients with chronic kidney disease to have a 10-year risk 10%?

Output: ≥10%,

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take for most patients with chronic kidney disease to have a 10-year risk 10%?. ### Response: ≥10%,.


Instruction: Which two conditions were included in the analyses?

Output: diabetes mellitus and CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which two conditions were included in the analyses?. ### Response: diabetes mellitus and CKD.


Instruction: What is initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy at BP 130/80 mm Hg?

Output: a treatment goal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is initiation of antihypertensive drug therapy at BP 130/80 mm Hg?. ### Response: a treatment goal.


Instruction: In SPRINT, the participants with CKD who were randomized to intensive therapy derived the same reduction in what?

Output: CVD events and all-cause mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In SPRINT, the participants with CKD who were randomized to intensive therapy derived the same reduction in what?. ### Response: CVD events and all-cause mortality.


Instruction: What was seen in patients with CKD without a difference in the principal renal outcome?

Output: reduction in CVD events and all-cause mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was seen in patients with CKD without a difference in the principal renal outcome?. ### Response: reduction in CVD events and all-cause mortality.


Instruction: Other RCTs evaluated the effect of differing BP goals on what?

Output: CKD progression

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Other RCTs evaluated the effect of differing BP goals on what?. ### Response: CKD progression.


Instruction: What was shown to be no benefit for more intensive BP reduction?

Output: reduction in the rate of progression of kidney disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was shown to be no benefit for more intensive BP reduction?. ### Response: reduction in the rate of progression of kidney disease.


Instruction: What did not show a benefit for more intensive BP reduction?

Output: rate of progression of kidney disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did not show a benefit for more intensive BP reduction?. ### Response: rate of progression of kidney disease.


Instruction: What did post hoc follow-up analyses favored in patients with more severe proteinuria?

Output: lower targets

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did post hoc follow-up analyses favored in patients with more severe proteinuria?. ### Response: lower targets.


Instruction: These trials were under powered to detect differences in what?

Output: CVD event rates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: These trials were under powered to detect differences in what?. ### Response: CVD event rates.


Instruction: What may more intensive BP treatment result in a modest reduction in?

Output: glomeru-lar filtration rate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may more intensive BP treatment result in a modest reduction in?. ### Response: glomeru-lar filtration rate.


Instruction: What is thought to be primarily attributable to a hemodynamic effect?

Output: glomeru-lar filtration rate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is thought to be primarily attributable to a hemodynamic effect?. ### Response: glomeru-lar filtration rate.


Instruction: What may be reversible?

Output: glomeru-lar filtration rate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be reversible?. ### Response: glomeru-lar filtration rate.


Instruction: Electrolyte abnormalities are also more likely during intensive BP treatment?

Output: attributable to a hemodynamic effect and may be reversible

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Electrolyte abnormalities are also more likely during intensive BP treatment?. ### Response: attributable to a hemodynamic effect and may be reversible.


Instruction: Most adults with diabetes mellitus a 10-year ASCVD risk 10%, requiring initiation of what at BP 130/80 mm Hg?

Output: antihy-pertensive drug therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Most adults with diabetes mellitus a 10-year ASCVD risk 10%, requiring initiation of what at BP 130/80 mm Hg?. ### Response: antihy-pertensive drug therapy.


Instruction: What is the treatment goal for diabetes mellitus?

Output: <130/80 mm Hg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the treatment goal for diabetes mellitus?. ### Response: <130/80 mm Hg.


Instruction: How many meta-analyses addressing target BP in adults with diabetes mel-litus restricted the analysis to?

Output: Two

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many meta-analyses addressing target BP in adults with diabetes mel-litus restricted the analysis to?. ### Response: Two.


Instruction: In adults with diabetes mel-litus, what restricted the analysis to RCTs that randomized patients to different BP levels?

Output: Two meta-analyses

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In adults with diabetes mel-litus, what restricted the analysis to RCTs that randomized patients to different BP levels?. ### Response: Two meta-analyses.


Instruction: What provided significant benefit compared with that of 140/81 mm Hg?

Output: Target BP of 133/76 mm Hg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What provided significant benefit compared with that of 140/81 mm Hg?. ### Response: Target BP of 133/76 mm Hg.


Instruction: In the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardio-vascular Events), what was the target BP?

Output: 133/76 mm Hg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardio-vascular Events), what was the target BP?. ### Response: 133/76 mm Hg.


Instruction: What is rapher in the era of the functional aortic annulus?

Output: Chronic aortic insufficiency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is rapher in the era of the functional aortic annulus?. ### Response: Chronic aortic insufficiency.


Instruction: What is Trost JC, Hillis LD?

Output: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Trost JC, Hillis LD?. ### Response: Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation.


Instruction: How is chronic AR4.3.1 diagnosed?

Output: 1. Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, et al. Recommendations for noninva-sive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the Ameri-can Society of Echocardiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is chronic AR4.3.1 diagnosed?. ### Response: 1. Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, et al. Recommendations for noninva-sive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the Ameri-can Society of Echocardiography.


Instruction: What does the American Society of Echocardiography recommend for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation?

Output: Recommendations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the American Society of Echocardiography recommend for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation?. ### Response: Recommendations.


Instruction: What was developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance?

Output: i-can Society of Echocardiography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance?. ### Response: i-can Society of Echocardiography.


Instruction: When did J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:303–71?

Output: 2017

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:303–71?. ### Response: 2017.


Instruction: What is a determinant of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation?

Output: Quantitative echocar -diographic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a determinant of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation?. ### Response: Quantitative echocar -diographic.


Instruction: What is the JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;1:1-11?

Output: Quantitative echocar -diographic determinants of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: a prospective study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008;1:1-11?. ### Response: Quantitative echocar -diographic determinants of clinical outcome in asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation: a prospective study.


Instruction: Pizarro R, Bazzino OO, Oberti PF, et al. Prospective validation of the prognostic usefulness of what?

Output: B-type natriuretic peptide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Pizarro R, Bazzino OO, Oberti PF, et al. Prospective validation of the prognostic usefulness of what?. ### Response: B-type natriuretic peptide.


Instruction: In what year did Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. perform a valve replacement for aortic regurgitation?

Output: 1976

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In what year did Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. perform a valve replacement for aortic regurgitation?. ### Response: 1976.


Instruction: What was the im-pact of preoperative left ventricular function?

Output: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the im-pact of preoperative left ventricular function?. ### Response: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983.


Instruction: What is a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency?

Output: Preoperative M-mode echocardiog-raphy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency?. ### Response: Preoperative M-mode echocardiog-raphy.


Instruction: What is the role of preoperative M-mode echocardiog-raphy?

Output: a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the role of preoperative M-mode echocardiog-raphy?. ### Response: a predictor of surgical results in chronic aortic insufficiency.


Instruction: When was J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg published?

Output: 1980

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg published?. ### Response: 1980.


Instruction: What is the name of the serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function?

Output: Bonow RO

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the serial long-term assessment of the natural history of asymptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular systolic function?. ### Response: Bonow RO.


Instruction: When did Circulation. 1991;84:1625-35?

Output: 1985

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Circulation. 1991;84:1625-35?. ### Response: 1985.


Instruction: What is Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al.?

Output: The natural history of asymp-tomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular func-tion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al.?. ### Response: The natural history of asymp-tomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular func-tion.


Instruction: What is the name of the journal that studies valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance?

Output: Circulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the journal that studies valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance?. ### Response: Circulation.


Instruction: What are the names of the journals that study valve replacement?

Output: Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Herrold EM

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the names of the journals that study valve replacement?. ### Response: Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Herrold EM.


Instruction: How many patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic conditions have valve replacements?

Output: 8

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic conditions have valve replacements?. ### Response: 8.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated the relationship between natural history and left ventricular re-sponse in chronic aortic regurgitation?

Output: Ishii K, Hirota Y, Suwa M, et al. Natural history and left ventricular re-sponse in chronic aortic regurgitation. Am J Cardiol

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated the relationship between natural history and left ventricular re-sponse in chronic aortic regurgitation?. ### Response: Ishii K, Hirota Y, Suwa M, et al. Natural history and left ventricular re-sponse in chronic aortic regurgitation. Am J Cardiol.


Instruction: What year was the Am J Cardiol 78:357–61 published?

Output: 1996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year was the Am J Cardiol 78:357–61 published?. ### Response: 1996.


Instruction: Who is the author of the paper that examined the association between myocardial dysfunc-tion and asymptomatic patients?

Output: Scognamiglio R

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the author of the paper that examined the association between myocardial dysfunc-tion and asymptomatic patients?. ### Response: Scognamiglio R.


Instruction: How did Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, Dalla Volta S develop?

Output: in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, Dalla Volta S develop?. ### Response: in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.


Instruction: Insufficiency. Clin Cardiol. 1986;9:151–6. 11. Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, et al. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:689–94.

Output: aortic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Insufficiency. Clin Cardiol. 1986;9:151–6. 11. Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, et al. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:689–94.. ### Response: aortic.


Instruction: What is a factor associated with progression to aortic valve replacement?

Output: Chronic aortic insufficiency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a factor associated with progression to aortic valve replacement?. ### Response: Chronic aortic insufficiency.


Instruction: What is an example of a long-term prospective follow-up study?

Output: se-vere asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an example of a long-term prospective follow-up study?. ### Response: se-vere asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation.


Instruction: What was the name of the CABRI trial participants?

Output: Wahrborg P

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the CABRI trial participants?. ### Response: Wahrborg P.


Instruction: How long was the clinical and functional outcome comparing bypass surgery and angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary disease?

Output: Five-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long was the clinical and functional outcome comparing bypass surgery and angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary disease?. ### Response: Five-year.


Instruction: What is BARI?

Output: Bypass AngioplastyRevascularization Investigation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is BARI?. ### Response: Bypass AngioplastyRevascularization Investigation.


Instruction: How long did it take for patients with multivessel coronary artery dis-ease to recover from coronaryangioplasty or bypass surgery?

Output: 1-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for patients with multivessel coronary artery dis-ease to recover from coronaryangioplasty or bypass surgery?. ### Response: 1-year.


Instruction: What was the outcome of the French Monocentric Study?

Output: Five-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the outcome of the French Monocentric Study?. ### Response: Five-year.


Instruction: When did Goy JJ, Eeckhout E, Burnand B, et al. compare leftinternal mammary artery grafting with CoronaryAngioplasty for isolated proximal left anteriordescending arterial stenosis?

Output: 1994

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Goy JJ, Eeckhout E, Burnand B, et al. compare leftinternal mammary artery grafting with CoronaryAngioplasty for isolated proximal left anteriordescending arterial stenosis?. ### Response: 1994.


Instruction: How long did it take for patients with isolated proximal left anteriordescending artery stenosis to recover from angioplasty or mammary grafting to return to normal?

Output: Five-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did it take for patients with isolated proximal left anteriordescending artery stenosis to recover from angioplasty or mammary grafting to return to normal?. ### Response: Five-year.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated the outcome of patients with isolated proximal left anterior descending coronary arteries?

Output: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that evaluated the outcome of patients with isolated proximal left anterior descending coronary arteries?. ### Response: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial.


Instruction: When was the Circulation study conducted?

Output: 1999

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Circulation study conducted?. ### Response: 1999.


Instruction: What is GABI?

Output: German Angiopl astyBypass Surgery Investigation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is GABI?. ### Response: German Angiopl astyBypass Surgery Investigation.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients withsymptomatic multivessel coronary disease?

Output: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients withsymptomatic multivessel coronary disease?. ### Response: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial.


Instruction: When was GABI conducted?

Output: 1994

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was GABI conducted?. ### Response: 1994.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized, controlled clinical trial of three therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery grafting?

Output: MASS-II

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized, controlled clinical trial of three therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery grafting?. ### Response: MASS-II.


Instruction: What are the long-term results of theRITA-1 trial?

Output: clinical and cost comparisons of coronary angioplastyand coronary-artery bypass grafting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the long-term results of theRITA-1 trial?. ### Response: clinical and cost comparisons of coronary angioplastyand coronary-artery bypass grafting.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial that compares coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery?

Output: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized trial that compares coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery?. ### Response: EmoryAngioplasty versus Surgery Trial.


Instruction: How long did the trial last?

Output: Eight-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the trial last?. ### Response: Eight-year.


Instruction: What was the outcome of the trial?

Output: Eight-year mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the outcome of the trial?. ### Response: Eight-year mortality.


Instruction: How long did the EAST trial last?

Output: Eight-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the EAST trial last?. ### Response: Eight-year.


Instruction: What is the name of the trial that evaluated eight years of mortality?

Output: Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the trial that evaluated eight years of mortality?. ### Response: Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial.


Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol.35:1116-21.1057?

Output: 2000

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol.35:1116-21.1057?. ### Response: 2000.


Instruction: What is the difference between coronary angioplasty and ersuscoronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease?

Output: in-hospital results and 1-year follow-up

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between coronary angioplasty and ersuscoronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease?. ### Response: in-hospital results and 1-year follow-up.


Instruction: In-hospital results and 1-year follow-up of the ERACI Group. 1993;22:1060–7.1058.

Output: randomizedtrial of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty v ersuscoronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In-hospital results and 1-year follow-up of the ERACI Group. 1993;22:1060–7.1058.. ### Response: randomizedtrial of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty v ersuscoronary artery bypass surgery in multivessel disease.


Instruction: What was the name of the Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Transluminal CoronaryAngioplasty?

Output: Argentine

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the name of the Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Transluminal CoronaryAngioplasty?. ### Response: Argentine.


Instruction: What is the acronym for ERACI?

Output: ERACI Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the acronym for ERACI?. ### Response: ERACI Group.


Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol 27:1178–84.1059.

Output: 1996

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol 27:1178–84.1059.. ### Response: 1996.


Instruction: How long did the CABRI trial last?

Output: 1-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the CABRI trial last?. ### Response: 1-year.


Instruction: What has been used to create myocardial scarring?

Output: microcirculation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been used to create myocardial scarring?. ### Response: microcirculation.


Instruction: What is the name of the energy source that has been combined with cardiac denervation?

Output: TMR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the energy source that has been combined with cardiac denervation?. ### Response: TMR.


Instruction: Besides XeClexcimer and holmium:YAG lasers, what is another energy source?

Output: carbon dioxide

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Besides XeClexcimer and holmium:YAG lasers, what is another energy source?. ### Response: carbon dioxide.


Instruction: What has been combined with cardiac denerva-tion by thoracic sympathectomy?

Output: TMR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been combined with cardiac denerva-tion by thoracic sympathectomy?. ### Response: TMR.


Instruction: What have been published that compare TMR with medicaltherapy for relief of refractory angina?

Output: single-center and a few multicenter randomizedtrials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What have been published that compare TMR with medicaltherapy for relief of refractory angina?. ### Response: single-center and a few multicenter randomizedtrials.


Instruction: Most have shown better angina relief with TMR but no survival benefit?

Output: 927–930

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Most have shown better angina relief with TMR but no survival benefit?. ### Response: 927–930.


Instruction: What is the exception to a single multicenter trial that shows better relief of angina at 5 years?

Output: TMR with medicaltherapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the exception to a single multicenter trial that shows better relief of angina at 5 years?. ### Response: TMR with medicaltherapy.


Instruction: A 5-year follow-up of a multicenter, prospectively randomized trial reported not only sustained angina relief but also improved survival in CCS Class IV angina.

Output: TMR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A 5-year follow-up of a multicenter, prospectively randomized trial reported not only sustained angina relief but also improved survival in CCS Class IV angina.. ### Response: TMR.


Instruction: How many patients were involved in a meta-analysis of 7 RCTs?

Output: 1053

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were involved in a meta-analysis of 7 RCTs?. ### Response: 1053.


Instruction: How long did TMR improve angina class but not survival?

Output: 1 year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did TMR improve angina class but not survival?. ### Response: 1 year.


Instruction: What type of angina was treated with TMR?

Output: refractory

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of angina was treated with TMR?. ### Response: refractory.


Instruction: What is the difference between using TMR and medical therapyalone?

Output: improved angina class but not survival

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between using TMR and medical therapyalone?. ### Response: improved angina class but not survival.


Instruction: What has been reported in patients receiving TMR at 3 to 5 years after treatment?

Output: sustainedangina relief and improved quality of life

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been reported in patients receiving TMR at 3 to 5 years after treatment?. ### Response: sustainedangina relief and improved quality of life.


Instruction: What is refractoryangina defined as?

Output: multivessel CAD with ischemia andsymptoms that cannot be controlled with medical therapy orsurgical or percutaneous revascularization

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is refractoryangina defined as?. ### Response: multivessel CAD with ischemia andsymptoms that cannot be controlled with medical therapy orsurgical or percutaneous revascularization.


Instruction: What is SIHD not well established?

Output: The prevalence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is SIHD not well established?. ### Response: The prevalence.


Instruction: How much of SIHD patients have refractionaryangina?

Output: A growing number

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much of SIHD patients have refractionaryangina?. ### Response: A growing number.


Instruction: What percentage of SIHD patients have coronary anatomy that is notamenable to revascularization?

Output: 10%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of SIHD patients have coronary anatomy that is notamenable to revascularization?. ### Response: 10%.


Instruction: What is Enhanced External Counterpulsation?

Output: EEC

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Enhanced External Counterpulsation?. ### Response: EEC.


Instruction: What is External CounterpulsationEECP?

Output: a technique that uses inflatable cuffs wrappedaround the lower extremities to increase venous return andaugment diastolic BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is External CounterpulsationEECP?. ### Response: a technique that uses inflatable cuffs wrappedaround the lower extremities to increase venous return andaugment diastolic BP.


Instruction: How are the cuffs inflated during diastole?

Output: sequentially

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are the cuffs inflated during diastole?. ### Response: sequentially.


Instruction: What increases coronary perfusion pressure?

Output: diastol-ic augmentation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What increases coronary perfusion pressure?. ### Response: diastol-ic augmentation.


Instruction: What decreases peripheral resistance?

Output: the systolic cuff depression

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What decreases peripheral resistance?. ### Response: the systolic cuff depression.


Instruction: A treatment course typically con-sists of how many days?

Output: 3 to 5 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A treatment course typically con-sists of how many days?. ### Response: 3 to 5 years.


Instruction: How long is a treatment course?

Output: 35 hour-long treatment sessions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is a treatment course?. ### Response: 35 hour-long treatment sessions.


Instruction: How many days a week are treatment sessions given?

Output: 5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many days a week are treatment sessions given?. ### Response: 5.


Instruction: What is the aperipheral training effect?

Output: improvement in symptoms

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the aperipheral training effect?. ### Response: improvement in symptoms.


Instruction: How should the dose of pharmacological cholesterol-lowering treatment be determined in CKD patients?

Output: reduced

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How should the dose of pharmacological cholesterol-lowering treatment be determined in CKD patients?. ### Response: reduced.


Instruction: What do guidelines for the general population recommend for patients receiving statin treatment?

Output: reduced doses

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do guidelines for the general population recommend for patients receiving statin treatment?. ### Response: reduced doses.


Instruction: The dose of statin is titrated to achieve the target level of what?

Output: LDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The dose of statin is titrated to achieve the target level of what?. ### Response: LDL-C.


Instruction: What is each patient's presumed coronaryrisk?

Output: LDL-C

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is each patient's presumed coronaryrisk?. ### Response: LDL-C.


Instruction: What has never been shown to lead to clinical benefit in a RCT?

Output: statin treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has never been shown to lead to clinical benefit in a RCT?. ### Response: statin treatment.


Instruction: Existing randomized trials have compared what?

Output: statin and placebo

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Existing randomized trials have compared what?. ### Response: statin and placebo.


Instruction: What do these trials suggest that higher statin doses produce greater clinical benefits at the expense of an increased risk of?

Output: adverse events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do these trials suggest that higher statin doses produce greater clinical benefits at the expense of an increased risk of?. ### Response: adverse events.


Instruction: CKD patients are at high risk of what?

Output: medication-relatedadverse events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: CKD patients are at high risk of what?. ### Response: medication-relatedadverse events.


Instruction: Reduced doses of statins are generally considered what in this population?

Output: recommended for patients withadvanced CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Reduced doses of statins are generally considered what in this population?. ### Response: recommended for patients withadvanced CKD.


Instruction: What are reduced doses of statins generally recommended for?

Output: patients withadvanced CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are reduced doses of statins generally recommended for?. ### Response: patients withadvanced CKD.


Instruction: What did the SHARP trial address by using lower dose simvastatin and addingezetimibe?

Output: CKD patients are at high risk of medication-relatedadverse events, perhaps because of the reduced renalexcretion, frequent polypharmacy and high prevalence ofcomorbidity in this population. Therefore, reduced dosesof statins are generally recommended for patients withadvanced CKD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the SHARP trial address by using lower dose simvastatin and addingezetimibe?. ### Response: CKD patients are at high risk of medication-relatedadverse events, perhaps because of the reduced renalexcretion, frequent polypharmacy and high prevalence ofcomorbidity in this population. Therefore, reduced dosesof statins are generally recommended for patients withadvanced CKD.


Instruction: How long was the trial?

Output: 4.9-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long was the trial?. ### Response: 4.9-year.


Instruction: How long did the TNT trial last?

Output: 4.9-year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did the TNT trial last?. ### Response: 4.9-year.


Instruction: How much did atorvastatin reduce major cardiovascular events?

Output: 80 mg/day

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much did atorvastatin reduce major cardiovascular events?. ### Response: 80 mg/day.


Instruction: What is the CI of coronary death or non-fatal MI?

Output: 95%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the CI of coronary death or non-fatal MI?. ### Response: 95%.


Instruction: How old is the eGFR G1-G4?

Output: 40– 50 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How old is the eGFR G1-G4?. ### Response: 40– 50 years.


Instruction: What is the age range of the agglomeration of males and females?

Output: 40– 50 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the age range of the agglomeration of males and females?. ### Response: 40– 50 years.