Instruction: What is a review of anatomical varieties?

Output: Aortic root pathology and sudden death in youth

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a review of anatomical varieties?. ### Response: Aortic root pathology and sudden death in youth.


Instruction: What is the potential surgical relevance of morphologic findings in supravalvular aortic stenosis?

Output: The aortic root

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the potential surgical relevance of morphologic findings in supravalvular aortic stenosis?. ### Response: The aortic root.


Instruction: What was the J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:16-24?

Output: S4.2.5-4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:16-24?. ### Response: S4.2.5-4.


Instruction: Obstruction to left coronary artery blood flow secondary to what?

Output: obliteration of the cor -onary ostium in supravalvular aortic stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Obstruction to left coronary artery blood flow secondary to what?. ### Response: obliteration of the cor -onary ostium in supravalvular aortic stenosis.


Instruction: What type of ostium is found in supravalvular aortic stenosis?

Output: aortic root

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of ostium is found in supravalvular aortic stenosis?. ### Response: aortic root.


Instruction: When did Ann Thorac Surg. 1988 issue 45:16-20?

Output: 1988

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Ann Thorac Surg. 1988 issue 45:16-20?. ### Response: 1988.


Instruction: What is the name of the disease in which Bruno E, Rossi N, Thüer O, et al. have a clinical course?

Output: Williams syndrome

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the disease in which Bruno E, Rossi N, Thüer O, et al. have a clinical course?. ### Response: Williams syndrome.


Instruction: How many patients with Williams syndrome have had cardiac manifes-tations?

Output: 75

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients with Williams syndrome have had cardiac manifes-tations?. ### Response: 75.


Instruction: What is the name of the condition that causes pulmonary artery stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis?

Output: Williams syndrome

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the condition that causes pulmonary artery stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis?. ### Response: Williams syndrome.


Instruction: When did the J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 issue 15:1625-30?

Output: 1990

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did the J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990 issue 15:1625-30?. ### Response: 1990.


Instruction: What does Tobler D, Sharma NC, et al. do in adults with supravalvar aortic stenosis?

Output: Cardiac out-comes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Tobler D, Sharma NC, et al. do in adults with supravalvar aortic stenosis?. ### Response: Cardiac out-comes.


Instruction: What does Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2442-50?

Output: Cardiac out-comes in adults with supravalvar aortic stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2442-50?. ### Response: Cardiac out-comes in adults with supravalvar aortic stenosis.


Instruction: Doty DB, Eastham CL, Hiratzka LF, and others. Determination of coronary reserve in patients with what?

Output: supravalvular aortic stenosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Doty DB, Eastham CL, Hiratzka LF, and others. Determination of coronary reserve in patients with what?. ### Response: supravalvular aortic stenosis.


Instruction: How many cases of Sudden Death in Williams syn-drome have been reported?

Output: ten

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many cases of Sudden Death in Williams syn-drome have been reported?. ### Response: ten.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that reported Sudden death in Williams syndrome?

Output: J Pediatr.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that reported Sudden death in Williams syndrome?. ### Response: J Pediatr..


Instruction: How many patients with Williams syndrome died in 1996?

Output: ten

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients with Williams syndrome died in 1996?. ### Response: ten.


Instruction: In what year was the AANA J published?

Output: 2005

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In what year was the AANA J published?. ### Response: 2005.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated Sudden cardiac death under anesthesia in a pediatric patient with Williams syndrome?

Output: AANA J.

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that investigated Sudden cardiac death under anesthesia in a pediatric patient with Williams syndrome?. ### Response: AANA J..


Instruction: What is a case report and review of literature in pediatric patients with Williams Syndrome?

Output: Sudden cardiac death under an-esthesia

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a case report and review of literature in pediatric patients with Williams Syndrome?. ### Response: Sudden cardiac death under an-esthesia.


Instruction: Who is the author of this study?

Output: Eronen M, Peippo M, Hiippala A

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the author of this study?. ### Response: Eronen M, Peippo M, Hiippala A.


Instruction: What is the name of the disease that causes death in children with Williams syndrome?

Output: Coronary artery disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the disease that causes death in children with Williams syndrome?. ### Response: Coronary artery disease.


Instruction: What type of surgery is performed in Williams syndrome patients?

Output: tonsillectomy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of surgery is performed in Williams syndrome patients?. ### Response: tonsillectomy.


Instruction: How is Williams syndrome evaluated?

Output: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is Williams syndrome evaluated?. ### Response: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.


Instruction: What is the name of the patient who has a congenital left ventricular outflow obstruction?

Output: Martin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the patient who has a congenital left ventricular outflow obstruction?. ### Response: Martin.


Instruction: What is Child's name?

Output: JS

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Child's name?. ### Response: JS.


Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?

Output: ENDS are useful or effective for tobacco treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the ACC/AHA guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease?. ### Response: ENDS are useful or effective for tobacco treatment.


Instruction: What is ENDS used for?

Output: tobacco treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is ENDS used for?. ### Response: tobacco treatment.


Instruction: What does the USPSTF recommend that clini-cians direct patients who smoke tobacco to?

Output: other cessation interventions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the USPSTF recommend that clini-cians direct patients who smoke tobacco to?. ### Response: other cessation interventions.


Instruction: What is a strong, independent risk factor for ASCVD events?

Output: Cigarette smoking

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a strong, independent risk factor for ASCVD events?. ### Response: Cigarette smoking.


Instruction: What is a strong, indepen-dent risk factor for ASCVD events and premature death?

Output: Cigarette smoking

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a strong, indepen-dent risk factor for ASCVD events and premature death?. ### Response: Cigarette smoking.


Instruction: What is beneficial even among older adults in reducing excess risk?

Output: tobacco ces-sation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is beneficial even among older adults in reducing excess risk?. ### Response: tobacco ces-sation.


Instruction: How many years of tobacco cessation did never smokers have?

Output: >15

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many years of tobacco cessation did never smokers have?. ### Response: >15.


Instruction: In the National Health Interview Survey, smoking was strongly associated with what in young people?

Output: ASCVD

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In the National Health Interview Survey, smoking was strongly associated with what in young people?. ### Response: ASCVD.


Instruction: What is tobacco use dependence?

Output: a chronic disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is tobacco use dependence?. ### Response: a chronic disease.


Instruction: What is a chronic disease that requires highly skilled chronic disease man-agement?

Output: Tobacco use dependence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a chronic disease that requires highly skilled chronic disease man-agement?. ### Response: Tobacco use dependence.


Instruction: What should every health system or practice dedicate trained staff to?

Output: tobacco treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should every health system or practice dedicate trained staff to?. ### Response: tobacco treatment.


Instruction: Healthcare profesionals who receive training in tobacco treatment are more likely to ask about what?

Output: tobacco use

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Healthcare profesionals who receive training in tobacco treatment are more likely to ask about what?. ### Response: tobacco use.


Instruction: Who are more likely to ask about tobacco use, offer advice to quit, provide behavioral interventions, follow up with individuals and increase the number of tobacco users who quit?

Output: Healthcare profes-sionals

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who are more likely to ask about tobacco use, offer advice to quit, provide behavioral interventions, follow up with individuals and increase the number of tobacco users who quit?. ### Response: Healthcare profes-sionals.


Instruction: What do participants who earn a certificate in tobacco treatment practice demonstrate?

Output: a nationally recognized level of training and skill acquisition in treating tobacco dependence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do participants who earn a certificate in tobacco treatment practice demonstrate?. ### Response: a nationally recognized level of training and skill acquisition in treating tobacco dependence.


Instruction: What is a national recognized level of training and skill acquisition in treating tobacco dependence?

Output: Participants who earn a certificate in tobacco treatment practice

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a national recognized level of training and skill acquisition in treating tobacco dependence?. ### Response: Participants who earn a certificate in tobacco treatment practice.


Instruction: A Tobacco Treatment Specialist possesses the skills, knowledge, and training to provide effic-tive, evidence-based interventions for tobacco dependence across a range of intensities?

Output: s4.5-27

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: A Tobacco Treatment Specialist possesses the skills, knowledge, and training to provide effic-tive, evidence-based interventions for tobacco dependence across a range of intensities?. ### Response: s4.5-27.


Instruction: What type of program is available at http://ctttp.org/accredited-programs.S4.5-29Table 8 highlights of recommended behavioral and pharmacotherapy Tobacco Treatment Modalities for Prescribers?

Output: Tobacco Treatment Specialist

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of program is available at http://ctttp.org/accredited-programs.S4.5-29Table 8 highlights of recommended behavioral and pharmacotherapy Tobacco Treatment Modalities for Prescribers?. ### Response: Tobacco Treatment Specialist.


Instruction: How long of tobacco status assessment with cessation counseling at each clinic encounter?

Output: >3-10 min

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long of tobacco status assessment with cessation counseling at each clinic encounter?. ### Response: >3-10 min.


Instruction: What is the starting dose for 10 CPD?

Output: 21 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the starting dose for 10 CPD?. ### Response: 21 mg.


Instruction: What is a possible side effect of 14 mg of CPDLocal irritation?

Output: skin disorders

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a possible side effect of 14 mg of CPDLocal irritation?. ### Response: skin disorders.


Instruction: How long after waking is the first dose of tobacco used?

Output: ≤30 min

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long after waking is the first dose of tobacco used?. ### Response: ≤30 min.


Instruction: How many lozenges or 24 pieces of tobacco can be used at a time?

Output: S4.5-24

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many lozenges or 24 pieces of tobacco can be used at a time?. ### Response: S4.5-24.


Instruction: For CPDLocal irritation possible; avoid with what?

Output: skin disorders

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For CPDLocal irritation possible; avoid with what?. ### Response: skin disorders.


Instruction: What is the maximum amount of lozenges?

Output: 20

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the maximum amount of lozenges?. ### Response: 20.


Instruction: How many pieces of gum per day?

Output: 24

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many pieces of gum per day?. ### Response: 24.


Instruction: What should be resumed when the patient is able to take oral medications and should be continued indefinitely?

Output: statin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be resumed when the patient is able to take oral medications and should be continued indefinitely?. ### Response: statin.


Instruction: There is no evidence to support the use of one statin over another, either before or after what?

Output: CABG

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: There is no evidence to support the use of one statin over another, either before or after what?. ### Response: CABG.


Instruction: The administration of generic statins is appealing from what point of view?

Output: cost

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The administration of generic statins is appealing from what point of view?. ### Response: cost.


Instruction: What is appealing from a cost point of view?

Output: the administration of generic statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is appealing from a cost point of view?. ### Response: the administration of generic statins.


Instruction: What may improve patient compliance?

Output: generic statins

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may improve patient compliance?. ### Response: generic statins.


Instruction: All patients under CABG are candidates for long-term statin therapy in the absence of what?

Output: contraindications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: All patients under CABG are candidates for long-term statin therapy in the absence of what?. ### Response: contraindications.


Instruction: What are some alternative lipid treatments?

Output: bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and fibrates

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some alternative lipid treatments?. ### Response: bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and fibrates.


Instruction: What are bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and fibrates?

Output: alternative lipid treatments

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and fibrates?. ### Response: alternative lipid treatments.


Instruction: What has increased attention recently been directed to the evaluation of therapies to raise HDL levels?

Output: several research groups have focused their attention on the evaluation of therapies to increase HDL and to possibly improve clinical outcomes in patents already treated with preventative medications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has increased attention recently been directed to the evaluation of therapies to raise HDL levels?. ### Response: several research groups have focused their attention on the evaluation of therapies to increase HDL and to possibly improve clinical outcomes in patents already treated with preventative medications.


Instruction: What has been well described as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes?

Output: low HDL level

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been well described as an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes?. ### Response: low HDL level.


Instruction: What was found to be a more potent CAD risk factor than high LDL in the Framingham Heart Study?

Output: low HDL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was found to be a more potent CAD risk factor than high LDL in the Framingham Heart Study?. ### Response: low HDL.


Instruction: What are HDL levels inversely related to?

Output: cardiovascular events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are HDL levels inversely related to?. ### Response: cardiovascular events.


Instruction: What do moderate increases in HDL appear to be associated with?

Output: regression of coronary atherosclerosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do moderate increases in HDL appear to be associated with?. ### Response: regression of coronary atherosclerosis.


Instruction: What do statin-treated patients with coronary atherosclerosis have?

Output: regression

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do statin-treated patients with coronary atherosclerosis have?. ### Response: regression.


Instruction: Smoking cessation, weight loss, exercise, and moderate alcohol intake all modestly increase what?

Output: HDL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Smoking cessation, weight loss, exercise, and moderate alcohol intake all modestly increase what?. ### Response: HDL.


Instruction: What can raise HDL levels by 5% to 10%?

Output: Fibrate therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can raise HDL levels by 5% to 10%?. ### Response: Fibrate therapy.


Instruction: Niacin increases HDL by 15% to 25%?

Output: 143–147

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Niacin increases HDL by 15% to 25%?. ### Response: 143–147.


Instruction: How much effect do statins have on HDL?

Output: little

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much effect do statins have on HDL?. ### Response: little.


Instruction: What is the risk for adverse cardiovascular events that remains despite statin treatment?

Output: 142

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk for adverse cardiovascular events that remains despite statin treatment?. ### Response: 142.


Instruction: How can HDL levels be increased through pharmacological intervention?

Output: niacin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can HDL levels be increased through pharmacological intervention?. ### Response: niacin.


Instruction: What are some studies that have shown modest biological effects?

Output: the reduction of either carotid artery intimal thickness144,154 or angiographic CAD progression

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some studies that have shown modest biological effects?. ### Response: the reduction of either carotid artery intimal thickness144,154 or angiographic CAD progression.


Instruction: What has been shown to reduce carotid artery intimal thickness144,154 or angiographic CAD progression156,158?

Output: some studies have demonstrated modest biological effects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been shown to reduce carotid artery intimal thickness144,154 or angiographic CAD progression156,158?. ### Response: some studies have demonstrated modest biological effects.


Instruction: What has the majority of studies in the field produced negative clinical results?

Output: 156–158

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has the majority of studies in the field produced negative clinical results?. ### Response: 156–158.


Instruction: How many large, placebo-controlled studies have been conducted?

Output: 2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many large, placebo-controlled studies have been conducted?. ### Response: 2.


Instruction: Where can you find NICE guidance on r elated topics?

Output: NICE topic page h yper tension .

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where can you find NICE guidance on r elated topics?. ### Response: NICE topic page h yper tension ..


Instruction: What is t he NICE topic page h yper tension?

Output: To find NICE guidance on r elated topics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is t he NICE topic page h yper tension?. ### Response: To find NICE guidance on r elated topics.


Instruction: How was the guideline developed?

Output: de veloped

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How was the guideline developed?. ### Response: de veloped.


Instruction: NICE has pr oduced what to help y ou?

Output: tools

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: NICE has pr oduced what to help y ou?. ### Response: tools.


Instruction: What are tools and r esour ces to help y ou put his guideline int o practice?

Output: NICE has pr oduced tools

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are tools and r esour ces to help y ou put his guideline int o practice?. ### Response: NICE has pr oduced tools.


Instruction: For general help and advice on putting NICE guidelines int to practice, see what?

Output: resour

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: For general help and advice on putting NICE guidelines int to practice, see what?. ### Response: resour.


Instruction: Hyper tension in pr egnancy: diagnosis?

Output: NG133

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Hyper tension in pr egnancy: diagnosis?. ### Response: NG133.


Instruction: Int o practice: diagnosis and management (NG133) NICE 2023 What is the name of the book that addresses hyper tension in pregnancy?

Output: NG133)© NICE 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Int o practice: diagnosis and management (NG133) NICE 2023 What is the name of the book that addresses hyper tension in pregnancy?. ### Response: NG133)© NICE 2023.


Instruction: What may suggest a need for early surgical therapy?

Output: cardiological evaluation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may suggest a need for early surgical therapy?. ### Response: cardiological evaluation.


Instruction: What was performed even before sterilization of blood?

Output: early surgical therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was performed even before sterilization of blood?. ### Response: early surgical therapy.


Instruction: Where is the Texas Heart Institute?

Output: Houston, TX

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is the Texas Heart Institute?. ### Response: Houston, TX.


Instruction: In what city is the Texas Heart Institute located?

Output: Houston

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In what city is the Texas Heart Institute located?. ### Response: Houston.


Instruction: What percentage of patients had early surgery performed?

Output: 61%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of patients had early surgery performed?. ### Response: 61%.


Instruction: How long did most of the early surgery surgeries take?

Output: 7 days

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long did most of the early surgery surgeries take?. ### Response: 7 days.


Instruction: In what year did early surgery have low morbidity and mortality?

Output: 2015

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In what year did early surgery have low morbidity and mortality?. ### Response: 2015.


Instruction: What can surgery in patients with left-sided IE do?

Output: produce better outcomes and lower mortality than medical therapy alone

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can surgery in patients with left-sided IE do?. ### Response: produce better outcomes and lower mortality than medical therapy alone.


Instruction: What can be performed with low morbidity and mortality in childhood and improve the overall outcome from IE?

Output: early surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be performed with low morbidity and mortality in childhood and improve the overall outcome from IE?. ### Response: early surgery.


Instruction: What may produce better outcomes and lower mortality than medical therapy alone?

Output: surgery in patients with left-sided IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may produce better outcomes and lower mortality than medical therapy alone?. ### Response: surgery in patients with left-sided IE.


Instruction: What has not been replicated in specific pediatric-focused studies?

Output: left-sided IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has not been replicated in specific pediatric-focused studies?. ### Response: left-sided IE.


Instruction: What type of endocarditis may benefit patients with relapsing prosthetic valve?

Output: pros-thetic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of endocarditis may benefit patients with relapsing prosthetic valve?. ### Response: pros-thetic.


Instruction: Data from series in adults indicate that surgery may benefit even if valvar function remains intact after prolonged what?

Output: medical therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Data from series in adults indicate that surgery may benefit even if valvar function remains intact after prolonged what?. ### Response: medical therapy.


Instruction: What is not recommended to prevent a primary embolic event?

Output: Prophylactic surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not recommended to prevent a primary embolic event?. ### Response: Prophylactic surgery.


Instruction: What type of surgery may be considered for patients with valvar function?

Output: left-sided IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of surgery may be considered for patients with valvar function?. ### Response: left-sided IE.


Instruction: What may be considered for patients with relapsing prosthetic valve endocarditis even if valvar func-tion remains intact after prolonged medical therapy?

Output: Surgery

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be considered for patients with relapsing prosthetic valve endocarditis even if valvar func-tion remains intact after prolonged medical therapy?. ### Response: Surgery.


Instruction: What are scientific organizations and public health-care policy groups around the world advocating for?

Output: the administration of antibiotic drugs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are scientific organizations and public health-care policy groups around the world advocating for?. ### Response: the administration of antibiotic drugs.


Instruction: What have groups around the world advocated for the administration of antibiotic drugs for prophylaxis against?

Output: IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What have groups around the world advocated for the administration of antibiotic drugs for prophylaxis against?. ### Response: IE.


Instruction: What was never firmly grounded on well-designed, appropriately powered randomized clini-cal trials?

Output: Prevention of Endocarditis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was never firmly grounded on well-designed, appropriately powered randomized clini-cal trials?. ### Response: Prevention of Endocarditis.


Instruction: What percentage of endocarditis cases have been related to a previous invasive procedure for which antibiotic drugs would have been recommended?

Output: ≈ 20%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of endocarditis cases have been related to a previous invasive procedure for which antibiotic drugs would have been recommended?. ### Response: ≈ 20%.


Instruction: How many of the cases of IE occur in people with an existing cardiac condition?

Output: 50%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many of the cases of IE occur in people with an existing cardiac condition?. ### Response: 50%.


Instruction: What would have been prescribed to people with a cardiac condition?

Output: antibi-otic prophylaxis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What would have been prescribed to people with a cardiac condition?. ### Response: antibi-otic prophylaxis.


Instruction: What was at variance with the existing, traditional guidelines?

Output: core epidemiology of IE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was at variance with the existing, traditional guidelines?. ### Response: core epidemiology of IE.


Instruction: How many doses of antibiotic drugs were being dispensed in recent years?

Output: millions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many doses of antibiotic drugs were being dispensed in recent years?. ### Response: millions.


Instruction: What does dispensing millions of doses of antibiotic drugs for a weakly supported rationale contribute to?

Output: development of antibiotic resistance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does dispensing millions of doses of antibiotic drugs for a weakly supported rationale contribute to?. ### Response: development of antibiotic resistance.


Instruction: What is the development of antibiotic resistance?

Output: dispensing of millions of doses of antibiotic drugs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the development of antibiotic resistance?. ### Response: dispensing of millions of doses of antibiotic drugs.


Instruction: What are the effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease?

Output: 169. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ et al. The effects of dietary protein restrictionand blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease.Modiﬁcation of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease?. ### Response: 169. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ et al. The effects of dietary protein restrictionand blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease.Modiﬁcation of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group.


Instruction: What is the name of the group that modifies the diet in renal disease study group?

Output: Modiﬁcation of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the group that modifies the diet in renal disease study group?. ### Response: Modiﬁcation of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group.


Instruction: What is the name of the multicentre, randomised controlled trial in non-diabetic chronic renal disease?

Output: REIN-2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the multicentre, randomised controlled trial in non-diabetic chronic renal disease?. ### Response: REIN-2.


Instruction: What does REIN-2 stand for?

Output: Blood-pressure control forrenoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does REIN-2 stand for?. ### Response: Blood-pressure control forrenoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease.


Instruction: Who is involved in the NIH blood pressure trial?

Output: older adults

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is involved in the NIH blood pressure trial?. ### Response: older adults.


Instruction: What does NIH launch to test blood pressure strategy?

Output: multicenterclinical trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does NIH launch to test blood pressure strategy?. ### Response: multicenterclinical trial.


Instruction: What is a predictor ofcardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril?

Output: Renal insufﬁciency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a predictor ofcardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril?. ### Response: Renal insufﬁciency.


Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study that evaluated the development of renal disease in people at high cardiovascular risk?

Output: HOPE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the randomized study that evaluated the development of renal disease in people at high cardiovascular risk?. ### Response: HOPE.


Instruction: What are the names of the people who participated in the HOPE study?

Output: Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Yi QL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the names of the people who participated in the HOPE study?. ### Response: Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Yi QL.


Instruction: What is an angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitor?

Output: calcium channel blocker

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitor?. ### Response: calcium channel blocker.


Instruction: What is a diuretic?

Output: channel blocker

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a diuretic?. ### Response: channel blocker.


Instruction: How are renal outcomes in high risk hyper-tensive patients treated?

Output: with an angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How are renal outcomes in high risk hyper-tensive patients treated?. ### Response: with an angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitor or a calcium channel blocker vs a diuretic.


Instruction: What is the glomerular filtration rate of high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by?

Output: baseline

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the glomerular filtration rate of high-risk hypertensive patients stratified by?. ### Response: baseline.


Instruction: What is ramipril vs amlodipine's effect onrenal outcomes in?

Output: hypertensive nephrosclerosis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is ramipril vs amlodipine's effect onrenal outcomes in?. ### Response: hypertensive nephrosclerosis.


Instruction: When was the Ann Intern Med 2006 published?

Output: 144

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Ann Intern Med 2006 published?. ### Response: 144.


Instruction: What is the effect of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease?

Output: Effects

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease?. ### Response: Effects.


Instruction: What is a subanalysis of the CASE-J Study?

Output: Effects of candesartan andamlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a subanalysis of the CASE-J Study?. ### Response: Effects of candesartan andamlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease.


Instruction: What did the CASE-J Study do?

Output: Effects of candesartan andamlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease: subanalysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the CASE-J Study do?. ### Response: Effects of candesartan andamlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients withchronic kidney disease: subanalysis.


Instruction: What did Mann JF, Schmieder RE, Dyal L et al. Do telmisartan have an effect on?

Output: renaloutcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did Mann JF, Schmieder RE, Dyal L et al. Do telmisartan have an effect on?. ### Response: renaloutcomes.


Instruction: What is the effect of telmisartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes?

Output: Prevention of transition fromincipient to overt nephropathy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of telmisartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes?. ### Response: Prevention of transition fromincipient to overt nephropathy.


Instruction: What is Brenner's title?

Output: BM

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Brenner's title?. ### Response: BM.


Instruction: What is the name of the drug used to treat type 2 diabetes andnephropathy?

Output: losartan

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the drug used to treat type 2 diabetes andnephropathy?. ### Response: losartan.


Instruction: When was the last N Engl J Med 345?

Output: 2001

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the last N Engl J Med 345?. ### Response: 2001.


Instruction: How many patients were treated with losartan in 2001?

Output: 134: 629

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many patients were treated with losartan in 2001?. ### Response: 134: 629.


Instruction: What does Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Gifford N do?

Output: Effect of blood pressure control

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Estacio RO, Jeffers BW, Gifford N do?. ### Response: Effect of blood pressure control.


Instruction: What is the effect of blood pressure control on?

Output: the progression of chronic renal disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of blood pressure control on?. ### Response: the progression of chronic renal disease.


Instruction: Fondaparinux can be administered subcutaneously once daily in fi xed doses without coagulation monitoring.

Output: almost complete bioavailability after subcutaneous injection

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Fondaparinux can be administered subcutaneously once daily in fi xed doses without coagulation monitoring.. ### Response: almost complete bioavailability after subcutaneous injection.


Instruction: Fondaparainux is nearly completely dependent on what?

Output: renal clearance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Fondaparainux is nearly completely dependent on what?. ### Response: renal clearance.


Instruction: What is Fondaparinux completely dependent on?

Output: renal clearance

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is Fondaparinux completely dependent on?. ### Response: renal clearance.


Instruction: What is CrCl, 30 mL/min?

Output: renal insuf-ﬁ ciency

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is CrCl, 30 mL/min?. ### Response: renal insuf-ﬁ ciency.


Instruction: What is the daily dose of thrombopro-phylaxis used for?

Output: 2.5 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the daily dose of thrombopro-phylaxis used for?. ### Response: 2.5 mg.


Instruction: What is given at 7.5 mg for patients with a body weight of 50 to 100 kg?

Output: Fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is given at 7.5 mg for patients with a body weight of 50 to 100 kg?. ### Response: Fondaparinux.


Instruction: How is the dose decreased for patients weighing between 50 and 100 kilograms?

Output: increased to 10 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is the dose decreased for patients weighing between 50 and 100 kilograms?. ### Response: increased to 10 mg.


Instruction: What is the dose of Fondaparinux decreased to for patients weighing 50 kg?

Output: 5 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the dose of Fondaparinux decreased to for patients weighing 50 kg?. ### Response: 5 mg.


Instruction: The dose is increased to 10 mg for those weighing 100 kg.

Output: Fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The dose is increased to 10 mg for those weighing 100 kg.. ### Response: Fondaparinux.


Instruction: What has not been monitored in clinical studies?

Output: Fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has not been monitored in clinical studies?. ### Response: Fondaparinux.


Instruction: Routine coagulation monitoring is not recommended in patients with what?

Output: Fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Routine coagulation monitoring is not recommended in patients with what?. ### Response: Fondaparinux.


Instruction: What is not recommended in patients with renal insufficiency?

Output: routine coagulation monitoring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not recommended in patients with renal insufficiency?. ### Response: routine coagulation monitoring.


Instruction: How much should fondaparinux be reduced by?

Output: 50%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much should fondaparinux be reduced by?. ### Response: 50%.


Instruction: What should low-dose heparin be used in place of?

Output: fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should low-dose heparin be used in place of?. ### Response: fondaparinux.


Instruction: What is not recom-mended on a routine basis?

Output: coagulation monitoring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not recom-mended on a routine basis?. ### Response: coagulation monitoring.


Instruction: What can be measured using fondaparinux-specifi c anti-Xa assays?

Output: anticoagulant activity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can be measured using fondaparinux-specifi c anti-Xa assays?. ### Response: anticoagulant activity.


Instruction: The therapeutic anti-xa range has not been established for what drug?

Output: fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The therapeutic anti-xa range has not been established for what drug?. ### Response: fondaparinux.


Instruction: What is the daily dose of fondaparinux?

Output: 2.5 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the daily dose of fondaparinux?. ### Response: 2.5 mg.


Instruction: At what dose is the peak steady-state plasma con-centration?

Output: 2.5 mg daily dose

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: At what dose is the peak steady-state plasma con-centration?. ### Response: 2.5 mg daily dose.


Instruction: How long after a dose is a peak steady state plasma concentration reached?

Output: 3 h

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long after a dose is a peak steady state plasma concentration reached?. ### Response: 3 h.


Instruction: What is an example of a therapeutic dose?

Output: 7.5 mg daily for an individual of average body weight

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is an example of a therapeutic dose?. ### Response: 7.5 mg daily for an individual of average body weight.


Instruction: What is the antidote for heparin?

Output: protamine sulfate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the antidote for heparin?. ### Response: protamine sulfate.


Instruction: Fondaparinux does not bind to what?

Output: protamine sulfate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Fondaparinux does not bind to what?. ### Response: protamine sulfate.


Instruction: What can cause uncontrollable bleeding?

Output: fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What can cause uncontrollable bleeding?. ### Response: fondaparinux.


Instruction: What may be effective if uncontrollable bleeding occurs with fondaparinux?

Output: recombinant factor VIIa

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may be effective if uncontrollable bleeding occurs with fondaparinux?. ### Response: recombinant factor VIIa.


Instruction: What is the low affi nity for PF4 and does not cross-react with HIT antibodies?

Output: Fondaparinux

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the low affi nity for PF4 and does not cross-react with HIT antibodies?. ### Response: Fondaparinux.


Instruction: HIT antibodies without thrombocytopenia have been reported in patients given prophylaxis with fondaparinux?

Output: HIT

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: HIT antibodies without thrombocytopenia have been reported in patients given prophylaxis with fondaparinux?. ### Response: HIT.


Instruction: How many case reports and case series suggest that this agent can be used to treat patients with HIT?

Output: isolated

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many case reports and case series suggest that this agent can be used to treat patients with HIT?. ### Response: isolated.


Instruction: What article discusses this issue in detail?

Output: article on HIT by Linkins et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What article discusses this issue in detail?. ### Response: article on HIT by Linkins et al.


Instruction: Who summarized this supple-ment?

Output: Blackmer et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who summarized this supple-ment?. ### Response: Blackmer et al.


Instruction: When was the American College of Chest Physicians founded?

Output: 2012

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the American College of Chest Physicians founded?. ### Response: 2012.


Instruction: What is the name of Kimberly Henricks?

Output: American College of Chest Physicians

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of Kimberly Henricks?. ### Response: American College of Chest Physicians.


Instruction: What does the Work Group believe will outweigh risks and costs in most patients?

Output: efforts to lower dietary sodium intake

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the Work Group believe will outweigh risks and costs in most patients?. ### Response: efforts to lower dietary sodium intake.


Instruction: What is the lack of RCT data on in CKD populations?

Output: use of potassium-containing salt substitutes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the lack of RCT data on in CKD populations?. ### Response: use of potassium-containing salt substitutes.


Instruction: What are Work Groupmembers concerned about?

Output: the risk of hyperkalemia

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are Work Groupmembers concerned about?. ### Response: the risk of hyperkalemia.


Instruction: What is the risk of hyperkalemia?

Output: Although there is a lack of RCT data on use of potassium-containing salt substitutes in CKD populations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of hyperkalemia?. ### Response: Although there is a lack of RCT data on use of potassium-containing salt substitutes in CKD populations.


Instruction: What is a me-ta-analysis of the effects of late percutaneous coro-nary intervention for the totally occluded infarct-related artery?

Output: cardiac function and remodeling

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a me-ta-analysis of the effects of late percutaneous coro-nary intervention for the totally occluded infarct-related artery?. ### Response: cardiac function and remodeling.


Instruction: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;71:772–81.365.

Output: Late percutaneous coro-nary intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;71:772–81.365.. ### Response: Late percutaneous coro-nary intervention.


Instruction: Danchin N, Coste P, Ferrières J, et al. Comparison of thrombolysis followed by broad use of what intervention?

Output: percutaneous coronary intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Danchin N, Coste P, Ferrières J, et al. Comparison of thrombolysis followed by broad use of what intervention?. ### Response: percutaneous coronary intervention.


Instruction: How is thrombolysis followed by broad use of percutaneous coronary intervention?

Output: Comparison

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How is thrombolysis followed by broad use of percutaneous coronary intervention?. ### Response: Comparison.


Instruction: What is the French registry on Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction called?

Output: FAST-MI

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the French registry on Acute ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction called?. ### Response: FAST-MI.


Instruction: What is the name of the prospective cohort study in 14-day survivors of acute myocardial infarction?

Output: CAPITAL AMI study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the prospective cohort study in 14-day survivors of acute myocardial infarction?. ### Response: CAPITAL AMI study.


Instruction: What are the outcomes of the Thrombolysis In Myocardially Infarction trials?

Output: Early and long-term clinical out-comes associated with reinfarction following fibrinolytic administration

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the outcomes of the Thrombolysis In Myocardially Infarction trials?. ### Response: Early and long-term clinical out-comes associated with reinfarction following fibrinolytic administration.


Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares pharmacologic therapy with/without timely coronary intervention vs. primary percutaneous interven-tion early after ST-elevation myocardial infarction?

Output: WEST

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study that compares pharmacologic therapy with/without timely coronary intervention vs. primary percutaneous interven-tion early after ST-elevation myocardial infarction?. ### Response: WEST.


Instruction: What does WEST stand for?

Output: Which Early ST-elevation myocardial infarction Therapy

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does WEST stand for?. ### Response: Which Early ST-elevation myocardial infarction Therapy.


Instruction: When was the WEST study conducted?

Output: 2006

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the WEST study conducted?. ### Response: 2006.


Instruction: What did May MR, Wells GA, Labinaz M, et al. compare versus thrombolysis alone in acute myocardial infarction?

Output: Combined angioplasty and phar -macological intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did May MR, Wells GA, Labinaz M, et al. compare versus thrombolysis alone in acute myocardial infarction?. ### Response: Combined angioplasty and phar -macological intervention.


Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:417–24.370?

Output: Combined angioplasty and phar -macological intervention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:417–24.370?. ### Response: Combined angioplasty and phar -macological intervention.


Instruction: Scheller B, Hennen B, Hammer B, and Hammer B have what effect?

Output: Beneficial effects of immedi-ate stenting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Scheller B, Hennen B, Hammer B, and Hammer B have what effect?. ### Response: Beneficial effects of immedi-ate stenting.


Instruction: What is stenting after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction called?

Output: immedi-ate

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is stenting after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction called?. ### Response: immedi-ate.


Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol 42:634–41.370a?

Output: 2003

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the J Am Coll Cardiol 42:634–41.370a?. ### Response: 2003.


Instruction: Who should have a routine early invasive approach after fibrinolytic therapy?

Output: Granger CB

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who should have a routine early invasive approach after fibrinolytic therapy?. ### Response: Granger CB.


Instruction: What year did Eur Heart J. 2012:32:1961-3.371.

Output: 2006

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did Eur Heart J. 2012:32:1961-3.371.. ### Response: 2006.


Instruction: What is facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction?

Output: Comparison of pre-hospital combination-fibrinolysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction?. ### Response: Comparison of pre-hospital combination-fibrinolysis.


Instruction: What is the effect of in-hospital revascu-larization on survival in patients with congestive heart failure?

Output: 1-year survival

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of in-hospital revascu-larization on survival in patients with congestive heart failure?. ### Response: 1-year survival.


Instruction: What is the difference between non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome and congestive heart failure?

Output: Impact of in-hospital revascu-larization on survival

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome and congestive heart failure?. ### Response: Impact of in-hospital revascu-larization on survival.


Instruction: When was the Circulation. 118:1163–71.373?

Output: 2008

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Circulation. 118:1163–71.373?. ### Response: 2008.


Instruction: What does GACE stand for?

Output: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does GACE stand for?. ### Response: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events.


Instruction: What year did Circulation publish 109:494–9.374?

Output: 2004

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What year did Circulation publish 109:494–9.374?. ### Response: 2004.


Instruction: What is the difference between ischaemia-guided angioplasty and routine early coronary angioplas-ty?

Output: a meta-analysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between ischaemia-guided angioplasty and routine early coronary angioplas-ty?. ### Response: a meta-analysis.


Instruction: When did Eur Heart J 2011 issue 32:972–82?

Output: 2011

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When did Eur Heart J 2011 issue 32:972–82?. ### Response: 2011.


Instruction: What is the name of the online version of Table XCV?

Output: Data Supplement 1

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the online version of Table XCV?. ### Response: Data Supplement 1.


Instruction: What are the safety and efficacy of the treatment when administered within the first 3 hours after stroke onset supported by?

Output: combined data from multiple RCTs

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the safety and efficacy of the treatment when administered within the first 3 hours after stroke onset supported by?. ### Response: combined data from multiple RCTs.


Instruction: The eligibility criteria for IV therapy are established by what?

Output: proven benefit

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The eligibility criteria for IV therapy are established by what?. ### Response: proven benefit.


Instruction: What are the eligibility criteria for IV alteplase?

Output: The eligibility criteria for IV alteplase have evolved

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the eligibility criteria for IV alteplase?. ### Response: The eligibility criteria for IV alteplase have evolved.


Instruction: What is a recent AHA statement providing a detailed discussion of this topic?

Output: IV alteplase

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a recent AHA statement providing a detailed discussion of this topic?. ### Response: IV alteplase.


Instruction: What is the benefit of IV alteplase for adult patients with stroke symptoms?

Output: well established

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the benefit of IV alteplase for adult patients with stroke symptoms?. ### Response: well established.


Instruction: What are some examples of cases where a patient can't provide consent?

Output: aphasia, confusion

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some examples of cases where a patient can't provide consent?. ### Response: aphasia, confusion.


Instruction: When a patient cannot provide consent (eg, aphasia, confusion) and a legally authorized representative is not immediately available to provide proxy consent, it is justified to proceed with IV alteplase in an otherwise eligible adult patient with what type of AIS?

Output: disabling

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When a patient cannot provide consent (eg, aphasia, confusion) and a legally authorized representative is not immediately available to provide proxy consent, it is justified to proceed with IV alteplase in an otherwise eligible adult patient with what type of AIS?. ### Response: disabling.


Instruction: In a recent trial, what was a lower dose of IV altepase used in?

Output: 0.6 mg/kg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In a recent trial, what was a lower dose of IV altepase used in?. ### Response: 0.6 mg/kg.


Instruction: What is the lowest dose of IV alteplase?

Output: 0.6 mg/kg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the lowest dose of IV alteplase?. ### Response: 0.6 mg/kg.


Instruction: What was not shown to be noninferior to standard-dose IV altepase for the reduction of death and disability at 90 days?

Output: a lower dose of IV alteplase

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was not shown to be noninferior to standard-dose IV altepase for the reduction of death and disability at 90 days?. ### Response: a lower dose of IV alteplase.


Instruction: When was Table XX in online Data Supplement 1 downloaded?

Output: April 28, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was Table XX in online Data Supplement 1 downloaded?. ### Response: April 28, 2023.


Instruction: What is the probability that the results occurred by chance?

Output: 1%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the probability that the results occurred by chance?. ### Response: 1%.


Instruction: The result is seen as what?

Output: highly significant

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The result is seen as what?. ### Response: highly significant.


Instruction: What describes how big the difference in effect might be?

Output: the confidence interval

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What describes how big the difference in effect might be?. ### Response: the confidence interval.


Instruction: What is the term for the period from admission through surgery until discharge?

Output: Perioperative

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for the period from admission through surgery until discharge?. ### Response: Perioperative.


Instruction: What is a fake treatment given to participants in a clinical trial?

Output: Placebo

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a fake treatment given to participants in a clinical trial?. ### Response: Placebo.


Instruction: What is the purpose of a trial?

Output: to determine what effect the experimental treatment has had

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the purpose of a trial?. ### Response: to determine what effect the experimental treatment has had.


Instruction: Who receives the actual treatment?

Output: participants in the experimenta l group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who receives the actual treatment?. ### Response: participants in the experimenta l group.


Instruction: What is a placebo effect?

Output: A fake (or dummy) treatment given to participants in the control group of a clinical trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a placebo effect?. ### Response: A fake (or dummy) treatment given to participants in the control group of a clinical trial.


Instruction: What is polypharmacy?

Output: The use or prescription of multiple med ications

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is polypharmacy?. ### Response: The use or prescription of multiple med ications.


Instruction: What is the probability distribution for a statistic based after combining established information or belief with new information?

Output: Posterior distribution

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the probability distribution for a statistic based after combining established information or belief with new information?. ### Response: Posterior distribution.


Instruction: What is the diagnostic accuracy of 1.–Tunenhanced whole-heart coronary MR angiography performed with3–channel cardiac coils?

Output: initial single-center experience

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the diagnostic accuracy of 1.–Tunenhanced whole-heart coronary MR angiography performed with3–channel cardiac coils?. ### Response: initial single-center experience.


Output: Diagnostic accuracy of 1.–Tunenhanced whole-heart coronary MR angiography performed with3–channel cardiac coils: initial single-center experience. Radiology

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Radiology.2011;259:384–92.1266.. ### Response: Diagnostic accuracy of 1.–Tunenhanced whole-heart coronary MR angiography performed with3–channel cardiac coils: initial single-center experience. Radiology.


Instruction: Magnetic resonance angiography. 2006;48:1946–50 What is one of the key words in the AHA Scientific Statements?

Output: /H18546cardiovascular diagnostictechniques

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Magnetic resonance angiography. 2006;48:1946–50 What is one of the key words in the AHA Scientific Statements?. ### Response: /H18546cardiovascular diagnostictechniques.


Instruction: What is another word for minimallyinvasive surgical procedures?

Output: H18546

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another word for minimallyinvasive surgical procedures?. ### Response: H18546.


Instruction: Who is the Chair of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease?

Output: Stephan D.Fihn

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the Chair of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease?. ### Response: Stephan D.Fihn.


Instruction: Where is Stephan D.Fihn located?

Output: University ofWashington

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is Stephan D.Fihn located?. ### Response: University ofWashington.


Instruction: What is the name of the professor of medicine at the University of Washington?

Output: Stephan D.Fihn

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the professor of medicine at the University of Washington?. ### Response: Stephan D.Fihn.


Instruction: How many copies of ahajournals.org have been printed?

Output: 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many copies of ahajournals.org have been printed?. ### Response: 2023.


Instruction: When was e464 circulated?

Output: December 18/25, 2012

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was e464 circulated?. ### Response: December 18/25, 2012.


Instruction: What is the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting?

Output: Page 2 of 134

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting?. ### Response: Page 2 of 134.


Instruction: Where is the Office of Quality, Safety and Value located?

Output: Washington, DC

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is the Office of Quality, Safety and Value located?. ### Response: Washington, DC.


Instruction: When was the evidence reviewed?

Output: March 2019

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the evidence reviewed?. ### Response: March 2019.


Instruction: Who is a founding KDIGO Co-Chair?

Output: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is a founding KDIGO Co-Chair?. ### Response: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer.


Instruction: What is the name of the co-chair?

Output: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the co-chair?. ### Response: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer.


Instruction: Who is the MD, MPH, MS, MD, MS?

Output: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the MD, MPH, MS, MD, MS?. ### Response: Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer.


Instruction: Who is the MD, MPH, PhD, FERAMagdalena Madero, MDJolanta Ma yszko?

Output: Markus Ketteler

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the MD, MPH, PhD, FERAMagdalena Madero, MDJolanta Ma yszko?. ### Response: Markus Ketteler.


Instruction: What is the name of the MD who is the MBBS, FWACP, FRCPSydney C.W. Tang?

Output: Ikechi G. Okpechi

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the MD who is the MBBS, FWACP, FRCPSydney C.W. Tang?. ### Response: Ikechi G. Okpechi.


Instruction: Who is the Chief Executive Of ficer?

Output: John Davis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the Chief Executive Of ficer?. ### Response: John Davis.


Instruction: What is the name of the Executive Director of ficerMelissa Thompson?

Output: Chief Operating Of ﬁcer

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Executive Director of ficerMelissa Thompson?. ### Response: Chief Operating Of ﬁcer.


Instruction: Who is a Guideline Development Director?

Output: Amy Earley

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is a Guideline Development Director?. ### Response: Amy Earley.


Instruction: Who is the Events Director of Kidney International?

Output: Tanya Green, Events DirectorCoral Cyzewski

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the Events Director of Kidney International?. ### Response: Tanya Green, Events DirectorCoral Cyzewski.


Instruction: What is the name of the event coordinator at Kidney-International?

Output: Coral Cyzewski

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the event coordinator at Kidney-International?. ### Response: Coral Cyzewski.


Instruction: Drugs and Other Substances With Potential to Impair BP ControlWhat substances can affect BP?

Output: prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, herbals, and food substances

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Drugs and Other Substances With Potential to Impair BP ControlWhat substances can affect BP?. ### Response: prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, herbals, and food substances.


Instruction: What has been associated with the development of hypertension?

Output: increased production of aldosterone

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What has been associated with the development of hypertension?. ### Response: increased production of aldosterone.


Instruction: What may cause a change in BP?

Output: drug–drug or drug–food interactions

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may cause a change in BP?. ### Response: drug–drug or drug–food interactions.


Instruction: What should be taken with a patient who already has hypertension?

Output: worsening con-trol

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be taken with a patient who already has hypertension?. ### Response: worsening con-trol.


Instruction: What should a careful history be taken with regard to sub-stances that may impair BP control?

Output: clinical assessment of hyper -tension

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should a careful history be taken with regard to sub-stances that may impair BP control?. ### Response: clinical assessment of hyper -tension.


Instruction: What should be reduced or dis-continued when feasible?

Output: drugs associated with increased BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be reduced or dis-continued when feasible?. ### Response: drugs associated with increased BP.


Instruction: What should be reduced or dis-continued?

Output: drugs associated with increased BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be reduced or dis-continued?. ### Response: drugs associated with increased BP.


Instruction: What should alternative agents be used for?

Output: drugs associated with increased BP

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should alternative agents be used for?. ### Response: drugs associated with increased BP.


Instruction: In adults with hypertension, what is recommended in the presence of any of the following concurrent conditions?

Output: screening for primary aldosteronism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In adults with hypertension, what is recommended in the presence of any of the following concurrent conditions?. ### Response: screening for primary aldosteronism.


Instruction: What is a concomitant condition?

Output: hypertension

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a concomitant condition?. ### Response: hypertension.


Instruction: What is recommended when adults are screened for primary aldosteronism?

Output: Use of the plasma aldosterone: renin activity ratio

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended when adults are screened for primary aldosteronism?. ### Response: Use of the plasma aldosterone: renin activity ratio.


Instruction: How long does it take for a family history of early-onset hypertension to develop?

Output: (<40 years

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take for a family history of early-onset hypertension to develop?. ### Response: (<40 years.


Instruction: What are adults screened for?

Output: primary aldosteronism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are adults screened for?. ### Response: primary aldosteronism.


Instruction: What is recommended for adults with hypertension and a positive screening test for primary aldosteronism?

Output: referral to a hypertension specialist or endocrinologist

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recommended for adults with hypertension and a positive screening test for primary aldosteronism?. ### Response: referral to a hypertension specialist or endocrinologist.


Instruction: What causes hypertension?

Output: increased production of aldosterone

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What causes hypertension?. ### Response: increased production of aldosterone.


Instruction: What causes cardiovascu-lar and kidney damage?

Output: increased production of aldosterone

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What causes cardiovascu-lar and kidney damage?. ### Response: increased production of aldosterone.


Instruction: How can aldosterone production be suppressed?

Output: sodium loading

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How can aldosterone production be suppressed?. ### Response: sodium loading.


Instruction: Hypokalemia is absent in the majority of cases and has a low negative predictive value for the diagnosis of what?

Output: primary aldosteronism

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Hypokalemia is absent in the majority of cases and has a low negative predictive value for the diagnosis of what?. ### Response: primary aldosteronism.


Instruction: In about 50% of the patients, what causes primary aldosteronism?

Output: increased unilateral aldosterone pro-duction

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In about 50% of the patients, what causes primary aldosteronism?. ### Response: increased unilateral aldosterone pro-duction.


Instruction: How much of the patients have primary aldosteronism?

Output: 50%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much of the patients have primary aldosteronism?. ### Response: 50%.


Instruction: What percentage of patients have pri-mary aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia?

Output: 50%,

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What percentage of patients have pri-mary aldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia?. ### Response: 50%,.


Instruction: When was this article published?

Output: May 3, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was this article published?. ### Response: May 3, 2023.


Instruction: What could be the goal of future research?

Output: A complexrisk schema using a variety of such data that couldaccurately place more patients in the low risk stratumnot requiring anticoagulants than current simpleclinically based scores (personalized medicine)

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What could be the goal of future research?. ### Response: A complexrisk schema using a variety of such data that couldaccurately place more patients in the low risk stratumnot requiring anticoagulants than current simpleclinically based scores (personalized medicine).


Instruction: What could place more patients in the low risk stratumnot requiring anticoagulants than current simpleclinically based scores?

Output: A complexrisk schema using a variety of such data

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What could place more patients in the low risk stratumnot requiring anticoagulants than current simpleclinically based scores?. ### Response: A complexrisk schema using a variety of such data.


Instruction: What will be very difficult to find for prospectivevalidation?

Output: non-anticoagulated patient cohorts

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What will be very difficult to find for prospectivevalidation?. ### Response: non-anticoagulated patient cohorts.


Instruction: What is the risk of major bleeding in AFObservational Studies?

Output: 1.4% per year68,69to 10.4% per year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of major bleeding in AFObservational Studies?. ### Response: 1.4% per year68,69to 10.4% per year.


Instruction: How much heterogeneity is there between the study population characteristics?

Output: signi ﬁcant heterogeneity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How much heterogeneity is there between the study population characteristics?. ### Response: signi ﬁcant heterogeneity.


Instruction: What is the signi ficantdisparity in the exposure period (follow-up) and differences in the de finitions of major bleedingemployed?

Output: heterogeneity

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the signi ficantdisparity in the exposure period (follow-up) and differences in the de finitions of major bleedingemployed?. ### Response: heterogeneity.


Instruction: What was often not provided to the cohorts?

Output: the de ﬁnitions of majorbleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was often not provided to the cohorts?. ### Response: the de ﬁnitions of majorbleeding.


Instruction: What is the term for time in therapeutic range?

Output: TTR

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the term for time in therapeutic range?. ### Response: TTR.


Instruction: What is problematic when comparing the rates of major bleeding on VKA betweenobservational cohorts and with RCTs?

Output: direct comparison

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is problematic when comparing the rates of major bleeding on VKA betweenobservational cohorts and with RCTs?. ### Response: direct comparison.


Instruction: What are available in mostclinical trials?

Output: major bleeding

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are available in mostclinical trials?. ### Response: major bleeding.


Instruction: What were the rates of major bleeding due to VKA before the NOAC era?

Output: 1% to 3% per year

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What were the rates of major bleeding due to VKA before the NOAC era?. ### Response: 1% to 3% per year.


Instruction: In the 5 NOACtrials, the annual ratesof major bleeding of warfarinwere between 3% and what?

Output: 4%

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In the 5 NOACtrials, the annual ratesof major bleeding of warfarinwere between 3% and what?. ### Response: 4%.


Instruction: What is the risk of major bleeding on NOACs?

Output: generally lower than that on warfarin

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of major bleeding on NOACs?. ### Response: generally lower than that on warfarin.


Instruction: Why are the data from NOACstrials more reliable?

Output: patients wererandomized to treatment

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why are the data from NOACstrials more reliable?. ### Response: patients wererandomized to treatment.


Instruction: What was generally better than observational studies?

Output: quality of anticoagulation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was generally better than observational studies?. ### Response: quality of anticoagulation.


Instruction: What was the lowest dose of NOACs?

Output: dabigatran 110 mg and edoxaban30 mg

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the lowest dose of NOACs?. ### Response: dabigatran 110 mg and edoxaban30 mg.


Instruction: What is another name for ROCK AF?

Output: ROCKET AF

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is another name for ROCK AF?. ### Response: ROCKET AF.


Instruction: What is the name of the AF trial?

Output: ROCKET AF) trial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the AF trial?. ### Response: ROCKET AF) trial.


Instruction: What are some of the risk factors for bleeding with NOAC, VKA, and Antiplatelet Therapy?

Output: Numerous risk factors forbleeding among AF patients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are some of the risk factors for bleeding with NOAC, VKA, and Antiplatelet Therapy?. ### Response: Numerous risk factors forbleeding among AF patients.