the placing of orders to a trading venue, including any cancellation or modification thereof, by any available means of trading, including by electronic means, such as algorithmic and high-frequency trading strategies, and which has one of the effects referred to in paragraph 1(a) or (b), by:
orduithe a chur chuig ionad trádála, lena n-áirítear aon chealú nó modhnú ar na horduithe sin, trí aon mheán trádála atá ar fáil, lena n-áirítear meáin leictreonacha, ar nós straitéisí alagartamacha agus trádála ardmhinicíochta, agus a bhfuil ceann de na héifeachtaí dá dtagraítear i mír 1(a) (b) acu, trí bhíthin: