qnli question: When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule clauses forbidding people from holding public office based on their religion was unenforceable? sentence: Such clauses were held by the United States Supreme Court to be unenforceable in the 1961 case of Torcaso v. Watkins, when the court ruled unanimously that such clauses constituted a religious test incompatible with First and Fourteenth Amendment protections.