Biscayne Bay is a coastal embayment in southeast Florida that has experienced rapid human population growth over the last century, resulting in steady declines in water and habitat quality. A 2019 study from NOAA and partners detected an increasing trend in indicators of eutrophication in the bay – including chlorophyll a and nutrient levels – over a period that coincided with a rapid rise in human population around the bay. Recent wide-spread fish kills and algal blooms have further raised concerns about the health of the ecosystem and highlight a need for better monitoring data to track changing bay conditions, alert responders, support science needed to understand the causes and consequences of Biscayne Bay ecosystem stressors, and develop effective long-term solutions.