title: How to clear previously echoed items in PHP
body: <p>In php, is there any way to clear/remove all previously echoed or printed items?</p>
  
  <p>For example:</p>
  
  <pre><code>&lt;?php
  
  echo 'a';
  print 'b';
  
  // some statement that removes all printed/echoed items
  
  echo 'c';
  
  // the final output should be equal to 'c', not 'abc'
  
  ?&gt;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>My script uses the include function. The included files are not supposed to echo anything. Just in case someone (ex = hacker) tries, I need a way to remove.</p>