title: Does the plm() have a consistent intercept?
body: <p>I am new here :) I want to use the following equation for my bachelor thesis:</p>
  <p>log⁡(production_it )= β_0 + β_1 *  log⁡(temp_it ) + β_2 *  log⁡(rain_it ) + β_3 * drought_it + β_4 * flood_it + β_5 * storm_it + β_6 * log⁡(labour_it )+ β_7*  log⁡(Fertilitzer_it )+ β_8*  log⁡(capital_it )+ β_9* log⁡(area_it )+ η_t+ u_i+ ε_it</p>
  <p>where
  i: countries
  t: years</p>
  <p>For my unterstading, this is a within/fixed effect model.</p>
  <p>Can I write this equation with the following code in R? I am not sure if I can use the <code>plm()</code> to display the consistent intercept β_0. I always thought there is an intercept for every country and every year.</p>
  <pre><code>r1.time.fixed &lt;- plm(log(production) ~ log(temp) + log(rain) + drought + flood + storm + log(labour) + log(fertilizer) +log(capital) +log(area), data = pm.rich, model = &quot;within&quot;, effect = &quot;twoways&quot;) 
  </code></pre>