title: Access certificates installed from SD card of Android devices
body: <p>I try to access PKI secured services on Android using Java. Certificates were installed on devices through <strong><em>settings->location &amp; security ->Install</em></strong> from SD card.</p>
  
  <p>Seems like on ICS, certificates are shared under <strong><em>/system/etc/security/cacerts</em></strong> while on GingerBread they are in a keystore: <strong><em>/system/etc/security/cacerts.bks</em></strong>.</p>
  
  <p>On ICS I found the <a href="http://developer.android.com/reference/android/security/KeyChain.html" rel="nofollow">KeyChain</a> can read all the installed certificates, so my question is:<p></p>
  
  <p>Is there a way to access certificates installed from SD card on <strong>OS &lt; level 14</strong>?</p>
  
  <p>or </p>
  
  <p>If there is a unified way to access certificates installed from SD card on <strong>OS >= level 8?</strong></p>
  
  <p>Thanks.</p>