title: Failed to load applicationContext to test class by Junit
body: <p>Can't find out the solution!Try to test my dao using applicationContext</p>
  
  <pre><code>@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  
  @ContextConfiguration(locations={"root-context.xml", "database.xml"})
  
  @Transactional
  
  public class BaseDaoTest {
  
  @Autowired
  
  private EmployeesDAO emplDao;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>...</p>
  
  <p>Root-context.xml and database.xml lie at the same package that a test class. I dublicated these xml-s from WEB-INF/spring.<br>
     I got next error:</p>
  
  <pre><code>   Testsuite: org.company.employees.dao.BaseDaoTest
      at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
      at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
      at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
      at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423)
      at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
      at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
      at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:186)
      at org.apache.log4j.helpers.Loader.loadClass(Loader.java:179)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseLayout(DOMConfigurator.java:534)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseAppender(DOMConfigurator.java:259)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.findAppenderByName(DOMConfigurator.java:171)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.findAppenderByReference(DOMConfigurator.java:184)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseChildrenOfLoggerElement(DOMConfigurator.java:502)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseCategory(DOMConfigurator.java:415)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parse(DOMConfigurator.java:919)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.doConfigure(DOMConfigurator.java:790)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.doConfigure(DOMConfigurator.java:696)
      at org.apache.log4j.helpers.OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure(OptionConverter.java:471)
      at org.apache.log4j.LogManager.&lt;clinit&gt;(LogManager.java:125)
      at org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory.getLogger(Log4jLoggerFactory.java:73)
      at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:249)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SLF4JLogFactory.getInstance(SLF4JLogFactory.java:155)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SLF4JLogFactory.getInstance(SLF4JLogFactory.java:131)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:351)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.&lt;clinit&gt;(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:91)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
      at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:31)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:24)
      at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:57)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:29)
      at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:57)
      at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:24)
      at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.&lt;init&gt;(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:31)
      at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.&lt;init&gt;(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:24)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
      at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.run(JUnitTestRunner.java:474)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.launch(JUnitTestRunner.java:1060)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.main(JUnitTestRunner.java:911)
  log4j:ERROR No layout set for the appender named [consoleAppender].
  Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Time elapsed: 1,108 sec
  
  ------------- Standard Error -----------------
  log4j:ERROR Could not create the Layout. Reported error follows.
  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.EnhancedPatternLayout
      at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
      at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
      at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
      at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423)
      at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
      at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
      at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
      at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:186)
      at org.apache.log4j.helpers.Loader.loadClass(Loader.java:179)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseLayout(DOMConfigurator.java:534)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseAppender(DOMConfigurator.java:259)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.findAppenderByName(DOMConfigurator.java:171)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.findAppenderByReference(DOMConfigurator.java:184)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseChildrenOfLoggerElement(DOMConfigurator.java:502)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parseCategory(DOMConfigurator.java:415)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.parse(DOMConfigurator.java:919)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.doConfigure(DOMConfigurator.java:790)
      at org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator.doConfigure(DOMConfigurator.java:696)
      at org.apache.log4j.helpers.OptionConverter.selectAndConfigure(OptionConverter.java:471)
      at org.apache.log4j.LogManager.&lt;clinit&gt;(LogManager.java:125)
      at org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory.getLogger(Log4jLoggerFactory.java:73)
      at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:249)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SLF4JLogFactory.getInstance(SLF4JLogFactory.java:155)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.impl.SLF4JLogFactory.getInstance(SLF4JLogFactory.java:131)
      at org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:351)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.&lt;clinit&gt;(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:91)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
      at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:31)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:24)
      at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:57)
      at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:29)
      at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:57)
      at org.junit.internal.requests.ClassRequest.getRunner(ClassRequest.java:24)
      at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.&lt;init&gt;(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:31)
      at junit.framework.JUnit4TestAdapter.&lt;init&gt;(JUnit4TestAdapter.java:24)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
      at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:525)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.run(JUnitTestRunner.java:474)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.launch(JUnitTestRunner.java:1060)
      at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTestRunner.main(JUnitTestRunner.java:911)
  log4j:ERROR No layout set for the appender named [consoleAppender].
  ------------- ---------------- ---------------
  Testcase: testCreateEmployee(org.company.employees.dao.BaseDaoTest):    Caused an ERROR
  Failed to load ApplicationContext
  java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
      at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:308)
      at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:109)
      at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
      at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
      at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
  Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException: Could not load properties; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/spring/jdbc.properties] cannot be opened because it does not exist
      at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyResourceConfigurer.postProcessBeanFactory(PropertyResourceConfigurer.java:78)
      at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:663)
      at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:638)
      at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:407)
      at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:84)
      at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:1)
      at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.loadApplicationContext(TestContext.java:280)
      at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:304)
  Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [WEB-INF/spring/jdbc.properties] cannot be opened because it does not exist
      at org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource.getInputStream(ClassPathResource.java:158)
      at org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderSupport.loadProperties(PropertiesLoaderSupport.java:181)
      at org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderSupport.mergeProperties(PropertiesLoaderSupport.java:161)
      at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyResourceConfigurer.postProcessBeanFactory(PropertyResourceConfigurer.java:69)
  </code></pre>