title: Can an abstract class be implemented without pure virtual functions in C++?
body: <p>I thought of using <strong>protected constructor</strong>, but it couldn't completely solve the purpose since the class inheriting from it would be able to instantiate the base class.</p>
  
  <p>As for <strong>private constructor</strong>, the derived classes too would not be instantiated.</p>
  
  <p>So, any suitable technique would be appreciated.</p>