title: Call to malloc never returns on an embedded system - weird one
body: <p>I'm trying to use malloc on an embedded system, specifically a nordic cortex m0. I'm using gcc 4.6.3. If I compile with uVision, the call works, if I compile with gcc it doesn't. I'm at the end of my rope. I've whittled my main file down to the following (I can only interact with the board over serial, hence the uart commands). I don't think it's a library inclusion problem, but I've included the .map file as well. I did notice one odd thing if I log &amp;malloc and then look at the map, the address seems to be off by one. Is that normal? If malloc is in the map at say 0x200 and I log &amp;malloc I get 0x201. Any help would be greatly appreciated. </p>
  
  <p>EDIT: The code compiles in both compilers. The malloc call completes successfully when I compile with uVision, but when I compile with gcc, the call to malloc never returns.</p>
  
  <pre><code>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;
  #include "boards.h"
  #include "simple_uart.h"
  
  void logSt(const char *str){
      simple_uart_putstring((const uint8_t *) str);
      simple_uart_putstring((const uint8_t *) "\r\n");
  }
  
  void logCh(const char ch){
      simple_uart_put(ch);
  }
  
  
  int main(void)
  {
  
      simple_uart_config(
          RTS_PIN_NUMBER, 
          TX_PIN_NUMBER, 
          CTS_PIN_NUMBER, 
          RX_PIN_NUMBER, HWFC);
  
      logSt(" ----- System Started -------");
  
      logSt("before malloc");
  
      void *p = malloc(sizeof(int));
      /* NEVER GETS HERE */
      logSt("after malloc"); 
      int *i = (int *)p;
      logSt("after malloc");
      *i = 3;
      logCh((char)(*i));
  
      return(0);
  
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>.map file (library paths have been shortened, and I removed the debug sections so I could fit it all, that's where the ... are.)</p>
  
  <pre><code>Archive member included because of file (symbol)
  
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o)
                                build/hw-debug/main.o (malloc)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o) (_malloc_r)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mlock.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o) (__malloc_lock)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o) (_sbrk_r)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-freer.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o) (_free_r)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-impure.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o) (_impure_ptr)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-reent.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o) (errno)
  lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(start_c.o)
                                (__cs3_start_c)
  lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-sbrk.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o) (_sbrk)
  lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-start.o)
                                (_start)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-errno.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-sbrk.o) (__errno)
  lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-init.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(start_c.o) (__libc_init_array)
  lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(heap.o)
                                lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-sbrk.o) (__cs3_heap_limit)
  
  Allocating common symbols
  Common symbol       size              file
  
  errno               0x4               lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-reent.o)
  
  Memory Configuration
  
  Name             Origin             Length             Attributes
  rom              0x0000000000014000 0x000000000002c000 xr
  ram              0x0000000020002000 0x0000000000002000 xrw
  *default*        0x0000000000000000 0xffffffffffffffff
  
  Linker script and memory map
  
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
  LOAD build/hw-debug/system_nrf51.o
  LOAD build/hw-debug/main.o
  LOAD build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
  LOAD build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
  START GROUP
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/libgcc.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libc.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libm.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libstdc++.a
  END GROUP
  START GROUP
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/libgcc.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libc.a
  END GROUP
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtend.o
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtn.o
  START GROUP
  LOAD lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/libgcc.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libc.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a
  LOAD lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a
  END GROUP
                  0x00000000200028b0                PROVIDE (__cs3_heap_start, _end)
                  0x0000000020004000                PROVIDE (__cs3_heap_end, (__cs3_region_start_ram + __cs3_region_size_ram))
                  0x0000000000000001                PROVIDE (__cs3_region_num, ((__cs3_regions_end - __cs3_regions) / 0x14))
                  0x0000000020004000                PROVIDE (__cs3_stack, (__cs3_region_start_ram + __cs3_region_size_ram))
  
  .text           0x0000000000014000      0xe84
   CREATE_OBJECT_SYMBOLS
                  0x0000000000014000                __cs3_region_start_rom = .
   *(.cs3.region-head.rom)
                  0x0000000000000001                ASSERT ((. == __cs3_region_start_rom), .cs3.region-head.rom not permitted)
                  0x0000000000014000                __cs3_interrupt_vector = __cs3_interrupt_vector_cortex_m
   *(.cs3.interrupt_vector)
   .cs3.interrupt_vector
                  0x0000000000014000       0xc0 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
                  0x0000000000014000                __cs3_interrupt_vector_cortex_m
                  0x0000000000000001                ASSERT ((. != __cs3_interrupt_vector_cortex_m), No interrupt vector)
                  0x00000000000140c0                PROVIDE (__cs3_reset, __cs3_reset_cortex_m)
   *(.cs3.reset)
   .cs3.reset     0x00000000000140c0       0x20 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
                  0x00000000000140c0                __cs3_reset_cortex_m
                  0x0000000000014128                PROVIDE (__cs3_start_asm, _start)
   *(.text.cs3.init)
   .text.cs3.init
                  0x00000000000140e0       0x48 lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(start_c.o)
                  0x00000000000140e0                __cs3_start_c
   .text.cs3.init
                  0x0000000000014128       0x10 lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-start.o)
                  0x0000000000014128                _start
   *(.text .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
   .text          0x0000000000014138        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
   .text          0x0000000000014138       0x60 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
   .text          0x0000000000014198        0x0 build/hw-debug/system_nrf51.o
   .text.SystemInit
                  0x0000000000014198       0x34 build/hw-debug/system_nrf51.o
                  0x0000000000014198                SystemInit
   .text.SystemCoreClockUpdate
                  0x00000000000141cc       0x10 build/hw-debug/system_nrf51.o
                  0x00000000000141cc                SystemCoreClockUpdate
   .text          0x00000000000141dc        0x0 build/hw-debug/main.o
   .text.logSt    0x00000000000141dc       0x20 build/hw-debug/main.o
                  0x00000000000141dc                logSt
   .text.logCh    0x00000000000141fc       0x20 build/hw-debug/main.o
                  0x00000000000141fc                logCh
   .text.main     0x000000000001421c       0x68 build/hw-debug/main.o
                  0x000000000001421c                main
   .text          0x0000000000014284        0x0 build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
   .text.nrf_delay_us
                  0x0000000000014284       0x3c build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
   .text.nrf_gpio_cfg_output
                  0x00000000000142c0       0x18 build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
   .text.nrf_gpio_cfg_input
                  0x00000000000142d8       0x2c build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
   .text.simple_uart_get
                  0x0000000000014304       0x2c build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
                  0x0000000000014304                simple_uart_get
   .text.simple_uart_get_with_timeout
                  0x0000000000014330       0x78 build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
                  0x0000000000014330                simple_uart_get_with_timeout
   .text.simple_uart_put
                  0x00000000000143a8       0x40 build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
                  0x00000000000143a8                simple_uart_put
   .text.simple_uart_putstring
                  0x00000000000143e8       0x50 build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
                  0x00000000000143e8                simple_uart_putstring
   .text.simple_uart_config
                  0x0000000000014438       0xdc build/hw-debug/simple_uart.o
                  0x0000000000014438                simple_uart_config
   .text          0x0000000000014514        0xc build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
                  0x0000000000014514                NMI_Handler
                  0x0000000000014516                HardFault_Handler
                  0x0000000000014518                SVC_Handler
                  0x000000000001451a                PendSV_Handler
                  0x000000000001451c                SysTick_Handler
                  0x000000000001451e                RADIO_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI4_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                TEMP_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                QDEC_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                UART0_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI5_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                WUCOMP_COMP_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                TIMER0_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI0_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                TIMER1_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                ECB_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                Default_Handler
                  0x000000000001451e                ADC_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI3_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                CCM_AAR_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                WDT_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI2_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                RNG_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SPI1_TWI1_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                RTC1_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                TIMER2_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SWI1_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                SPI0_TWI0_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                RTC0_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                GPIOTE_IRQHandler
                  0x000000000001451e                POWER_CLOCK_IRQHandler
   .text          0x0000000000014520       0x28 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o)
                  0x0000000000014520                malloc
                  0x0000000000014534                free
   .text          0x0000000000014548      0x510 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o)
                  0x0000000000014548                _malloc_r
   .text          0x0000000000014a58        0x8 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mlock.o)
                  0x0000000000014a58                __malloc_lock
                  0x0000000000014a5c                __malloc_unlock
   .text          0x0000000000014a60       0x24 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-sbrkr.o)
                  0x0000000000014a60                _sbrk_r
   .text          0x0000000000014a84      0x240 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-freer.o)
                  0x0000000000014a84                _malloc_trim_r
                  0x0000000000014b2c                _free_r
   .text          0x0000000000014cc4        0x0 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-impure.o)
   .text          0x0000000000014cc4      0x100 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-reent.o)
                  0x0000000000014cc4                cleanup_glue
                  0x0000000000014ce0                _reclaim_reent
                  0x0000000000014d80                _wrapup_reent
   .text          0x0000000000014dc4       0x34 lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(start_c.o)
                  0x0000000000014dc4                __cs3_premain
   .text          0x0000000000014df8       0x3c lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-sbrk.o)
                  0x0000000000014df8                _sbrk
   .text          0x0000000000014e34        0x0 lib/armv6-m/libcs3unhosted.a(unhosted-start.o)
   .text          0x0000000000014e34        0xc lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-errno.o)
                  0x0000000000014e34                __errno
   .text          0x0000000000014e40       0x44 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-init.o)
                  0x0000000000014e40                __libc_init_array
   .text          0x0000000000014e84        0x0 lib/armv6-m/libcs3.a(heap.o)
   .text          0x0000000000014e84        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtend.o
   .text          0x0000000000014e84        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtn.o
   *(.plt)
   *(.gnu.warning)
   *(.glue_7t)
   .glue_7t       0x0000000000000000        0x0 linker stubs
   *(.glue_7)
   .glue_7        0x0000000000000000        0x0 linker stubs
   *(.vfp11_veneer)
   .vfp11_veneer  0x0000000000000000        0x0 linker stubs
   *(.ARM.extab* .gnu.linkonce.armextab.*)
   .ARM.extab.cs3.reset
                  0x0000000000014e84        0x0 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
   *(.gcc_except_table)
  
  .v4_bx          0x0000000000014e84        0x0
   .v4_bx         0x0000000000000000        0x0 linker stubs
  
  .iplt           0x0000000000014e84        0x0
   .iplt          0x0000000000000000        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
  
  .eh_frame_hdr
   *(.eh_frame_hdr)
  
  .eh_frame       0x0000000000014e84        0x4
   *(.eh_frame)
   .eh_frame      0x0000000000014e84        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
   .eh_frame      0x0000000000014e84        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtend.o
                  0x0000000000014e88                PROVIDE (__exidx_start, .)
  
  .ARM.exidx      0x0000000000014e88        0x8
   *(.ARM.exidx* .gnu.linkonce.armexidx.*)
   .ARM.exidx.cs3.reset
                  0x0000000000014e88        0x8 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
                  0x0000000000014e90                PROVIDE (__exidx_end, .)
  
  .rel.dyn        0x0000000000014e90        0x0
   .rel.iplt      0x0000000000000000        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
  
  .rodata         0x0000000000014e90       0x80
   *(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*)
   .rodata        0x0000000000014e90       0x44 build/hw-debug/main.o
   .rodata        0x0000000000014ed4        0x4 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-impure.o)
                  0x0000000000014ed4                _global_impure_ptr
   .rodata.str1.4
                  0x0000000000014ed8        0x4 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-impure.o)
                  0x0000000000014edc                . = ALIGN (0x4)
   *(.init)
   .init          0x0000000000014edc        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
                  0x0000000000014edc                _init
   .init          0x0000000000014ee0        0x8 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtn.o
                  0x0000000000014ee8                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                  0x0000000000014ee8                __preinit_array_start = .
   *(.preinit_array)
                  0x0000000000014ee8                __preinit_array_end = .
                  0x0000000000014ee8                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                  0x0000000000014ee8                __init_array_start = .
   *(SORT(.init_array.*))
   *(.init_array)
   .init_array    0x0000000000014ee8        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
                  0x0000000000014eec                __init_array_end = .
                  0x0000000000014eec                . = ALIGN (0x4)
   *(.fini)
   .fini          0x0000000000014eec        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
                  0x0000000000014eec                _fini
   .fini          0x0000000000014ef0        0x8 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtn.o
                  0x0000000000014ef8                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                  0x0000000000014ef8                __fini_array_start = .
   *(.fini_array)
   .fini_array    0x0000000000014ef8        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
   *(SORT(.fini_array.*))
                  0x0000000000014efc                __fini_array_end = .
                  0x0000000000014efc                . = ALIGN (0x4)
   *crtbegin.o(.ctors)
   *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend.o) .ctors)
   *(SORT(.ctors.*))
   *crtend.o(.ctors)
                  0x0000000000014efc                . = ALIGN (0x4)
   *crtbegin.o(.dtors)
   *(EXCLUDE_FILE(*crtend.o) .dtors)
   *(SORT(.dtors.*))
   *crtend.o(.dtors)
                  0x0000000000014efc                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                  0x0000000000014efc                __cs3_regions = .
                  0x0000000000014efc        0x4 LONG 0x0
                  0x0000000000014f00        0x4 LONG 0x14f10 __cs3_region_init_ram
                  0x0000000000014f04        0x4 LONG 0x20002000 __cs3_region_start_ram
                  0x0000000000014f08        0x4 LONG 0x858 __cs3_region_init_size_ram
                  0x0000000000014f0c        0x4 LONG 0x58 __cs3_region_zero_size_ram
                  0x0000000000014f10                __cs3_regions_end = .
                  0x0000000000014f10                . = ALIGN (0x8)
   *(.rom)
   *(.rom.b .bss.rom)
                  0x0000000000014f10                _etext = .
                  0x0000000000040000                __cs3_region_end_rom = (__cs3_region_start_rom + 0x2c000)
                  0x000000000002c000                __cs3_region_size_rom = 0x2c000
  
  .data           0x0000000020002000      0x858 load address 0x0000000000014f10
                  0x0000000020002000                __cs3_region_start_ram = .
   *(.cs3.region-head.ram)
   *(.jcr)
   .jcr           0x0000000020002000        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
   .jcr           0x0000000020002000        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtend.o
   *(.got.plt)
   *(.got)
   *(.shdata)
   *(.data .data.* .gnu.linkonce.d.*)
   .data          0x0000000020002004        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
   .data          0x0000000020002004        0x4 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtbegin.o
                  0x0000000020002004                __dso_handle
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   .data.SystemCoreClock
                  0x0000000020002008        0x4 build/hw-debug/system_nrf51.o
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   .data          0x000000002000200c        0x0 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
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   .data          0x000000002000200c      0x410 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o)
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                  0x0000000020002854                __cs3_heap_limit
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   .data          0x0000000020002858        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crtn.o
                  0x0000000020002858                . = ALIGN (0x8)
   *(.ram)
                  0x0000000020002858                _edata = .
  
  .igot.plt       0x0000000020002858        0x0 load address 0x0000000000015768
   .igot.plt      0x0000000000000000        0x0 lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.6.3/armv6-m/crti.o
  
  .bss            0x0000000020002858       0x58 load address 0x0000000000015768
   *(.shbss)
   *(.bss .bss.* .gnu.linkonce.b.*)
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   .bss           0x0000000020002874        0x0 build/hw-debug/gcc_startup_nrf51.o
   .bss           0x0000000020002874        0x0 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-malloc.o)
   .bss           0x0000000020002874       0x34 lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-mallocr.o)
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                  0x0000000020002878                __malloc_current_mallinfo
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                  0x00000000200028a4                __malloc_max_total_mem
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   ...
  
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  </code></pre>