title: R: what is 'adjusted by' in survival analysis?
body: <p>male_data:</p>
  <pre><code>          surgery   age   cancer  survival
  a00001        yes  &lt;=50        0        10
  a00002        yes   &gt;50        1        15
  a00003        no    &gt;50        0         2
  .
  .
  .
  .
  </code></pre>
  <p>Result:</p>
  <pre><code>Call:
  coxph(formula = Surv(survival, cancer) ~ surgery + age, data = male_data)
  
  n= 550517, number of events= 3276
  
                 coef  exp(coef) se(coef)    z  Pr(&gt;|z|)
  surgery:yes   -0.03    0.97     0.04   -0.88   0.377
  age:&gt;50        3.26   26.09     0.04    78.5  &lt;2e-16 ***
  ---
  Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
  
               exp(coef)   exp(-coef)   lower .95   upper .95
  surgery:yes      0.97         1.03          0.9        1.04      
  age:&gt;50         26.09         0.04        24.05       28.3
  
  Concordance= 0.817  (se = 0.005 )
  Likelihood ratio test= 7607  on 2 df,   p=&lt;2e-16
  Wald test            = 6182  on 2 df,   p=&lt;2e-16
  Score (logrank) test = 13993  on 2 df,   p=&lt;2e-16
  </code></pre>
  <p>Now I need to fill the result in a new form. But I do not know what &quot;adjusted by&quot; means. Can I find this value in the result? I would appreciate any advice!</p>
  <p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/tciWv.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/tciWv.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>