title: Same character, different length and bytes
body: <p>Downloading files from Korean websites, often filenames are wrongly encoded/decoded and end up being all jumbled up. I found out that by encoding with 'iso-8859-1' and decoding with 'euc-kr', I can fix this problem. However, I have a new problem where the same-looking character is in fact, different. Check out the Python shell bellow:</p>
  
  <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; first_string = 'â'
  &gt;&gt;&gt; second_string = 'â'
  &gt;&gt;&gt; len(first_string)
  1
  &gt;&gt;&gt; len(second_string)
  2
  &gt;&gt;&gt; list(first_string)
  ['â']
  &gt;&gt;&gt; list(second_string)
  ['a', '̂']
  &gt;&gt;&gt;
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Encoding the first string with 'iso-8859-1' is possible. The latter is not. So the question:</p>
  
  <ol>
  <li>What is the difference between these two strings?</li>
  <li>Why would downloads from the same website have the same character in varying format? (If that's what the difference is.)</li>
  <li>And how can I fix this? (e.g. convert <code>second_string</code> to the likeness of <code>first_string</code>)</li>
  </ol>
  
  <p>Thank you.</p>