title: MPEG Transport Stream Continuity Counters
body: <p>I am troubleshooting an IPTV Layer 3 multicast VPN across a 10GB MPLS network. </p>
  
  <p>Only certain HD channels are experiencing severe freezing and tiling; all other SD and HD channels work fine. Our IPTV video monitoring equipment is detecting and reporting <strong>packet loss</strong> by monitoring a <strong>continuity counter</strong>. I have asked every equipment vendor we have and read every .pdf I can find and no one seems to know exactly: </p>
  
  <ol>
  <li>How/when/where an MPEG transport stream continuity counter fits into a transport stream ? </li>
  <li>What packets/frames in the transport stream are being counted? </li>
  <li>Why does the reported packet loss seem to occur in increments of 16 (0, 16, 32) ? </li>
  <li>How can there be an error condition with 0 packet loss ? </li>
  <li>How/when/where does the PCR value fit into the transport stream ?</li>
  </ol>