title: What is happening under the hood that results in graphical artifacts? (not looking for a fix, just an explanation)
body: <p>Example of graphical artifiacts: <a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/o1cP4.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/o1cP4.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>
  
  <p>I keep on seeing answers like "your GPU is overheating or damaged" and the like (my pic is actually of Play Station 2 emulation), but I wanna know what those problems are causing to happen that manifests itself this way on the screen.</p>
  
  <p>Is it messing up draw instructions sent to the GPU?</p>
  
  <p>Is the GPU fumbling some of the processing and the artifacts are it "smoothing" out the bad result?</p>
  
  <p>In the case where its not a bad GPU, and the problem is unique to a single software, what kind of programming choices could cause this to happen? (i.e. things you could have done in the code to cause the problem on otherwise good hardware).</p>