title: Help with Sending/ Receiving UDP packets - C Sockets
body: <p>Ok, if you look at some of my previous questions, I've been working on getting a simple connection up and running with C sockets (I'm still fairly new to the whole networking aspect of an program, but everyone has to start somewhere, right?). I've included the code below that I have so far and when I execute it, I get no errors, but at the same time, I don't get the packet on the other end. By the way, I'm programming multicast sockets in objective-C and "msgStatus" is just a label in my GUI (it's hooked up correctly, so there's no problem there). I'm just not seeing where I'm going wrong. Could someone possibly help me or point me in the right direction? Thanks!</p>
  
  <pre><code>#define MAX_LEN  1024    /* maximum string size to send */
  #define MIN_PORT 1024    /* minimum port allowed */
  #define MAX_PORT 65535   /* maximum port allowed */
  #define MYPORT 5673      /* port we will be using for our multicast socket */
  
      -(void)broadcastMessage {//(NSString*)msg {
          NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 1");
          NSString *msg = @"From Master";
          mc_ttl = 3; // number of node hops the message is allowed to travel across the network
  
          // define the port we will be using
          mc_port = MYPORT;
  
          /* create a socket for sending to the multicast address  */
      if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: broadcastMessage - socket() failed");
          return;
      }
  
      mc_addr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
      mc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("225.0.0.37");
      mc_addr.sin_port        = htons(mc_port);
  
      if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &amp;mc_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: bind not successful");
          return;
      }
  
      NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 2");
      /* set the TTL (time to live/hop count) for the send */
      if ((setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, (void*) &amp;mc_ttl, sizeof(mc_ttl))) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: broadcastMessage - setsockopt() failed");
          return;
      }
  
      NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 3");
      /* construct a multicast address structure - erase everything in the structure first*/
      memset(&amp;mc_addr, 0, sizeof(mc_addr));
  
      // prepare the message to be sent
      char send_str[MAX_LEN];
  
      /* clear send buffer */
      memset(send_str, 0, sizeof(send_str));
  
      // convert the message to a C string to send
      [msg getCString:send_str maxLength:MAX_LEN encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
  
      //while (fgets(send_str, MAX_LEN, stdin)) {
          NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 4");
      //  send_len = strlen(send_str);
  
      /* send string to multicast address */
      if ((sendto(sock, send_str, sizeof(send_str), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &amp;mc_addr, sizeof(mc_addr))) != sizeof(send_str)) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: broadcastMessage - sendto() sent incorrect number of bytes");
          return;
      }
  
      NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 5");
  
  
      /* clear send buffer */
      memset(send_str, 0, sizeof(send_str));
  
      NSLog(@"broadcastMessage - Stage 6");
      close(sock);
  }
  
  
  -(void)listenForPackets {
      listeningFlag_on = 1;
  
      NSLog(@"listenForPackets - Stage 1");
      if ((listeningSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP)) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - socket() failed");
          return;                         // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
      }
  
      // set reuse port to on to allow multiple binds per host
      if ((setsockopt(listeningSock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &amp;listeningFlag_on, sizeof(listeningFlag_on))) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - setsockopt() failed");
          return;                         // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
      }
  
      NSLog(@"listenForPackets - Stage 2");
      // construct a multicast address structure after erasing anything in the listeningmc_addr structure
      memset(&amp;listeningmc_addr, 0, sizeof(listeningmc_addr));
      listeningmc_addr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
      listeningmc_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
      listeningmc_addr.sin_port        = htons(mc_port);
  
      // bind multicast address to socket
      if ((bind(listeningSock, (struct sockaddr *) &amp;listeningmc_addr, sizeof(listeningmc_addr))) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - bind() failed");
          return;                         // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
      }
  
      //******************************************************************************************************************************
      //******************************************************************************************************************************
      NSString *ipAddress = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:self.getIPAddress];
      const char *tmp = [ipAddress UTF8String];
      listeningMc_addr_str = tmp;
  
      printf("%s\n", listeningMc_addr_str);
  
      listeningMc_req.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = inet_addr("225.0.0.37");
      listeningMc_req.imr_interface.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
  
  
      // send an ADD MEMBERSHIP message via setsockopt
      if ((setsockopt(listeningSock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, (void*) &amp;listeningMc_req, sizeof(listeningMc_req))) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - setsockopt() failed");
          int err = errno;
          NSLog(@"errno - %i", err);
          NSLog(@"Error = %s", strerror(err));
          perror("ERROR");
          return;                         // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
      }
  
      NSLog(@"listenForPackets - Stage 3");
      for (;;) {          // loop forever
  
          // clear the receive buffers &amp; structs
          memset(listeningRecv_str, 0, sizeof(listeningRecv_str));
          listeningFrom_len = sizeof(listeningFrom_addr);
          memset(&amp;listeningFrom_addr, 0, listeningFrom_len);
  
          // block waiting to receive a packet
          if ((listeningRecv_len = recvfrom(listeningSock, listeningRecv_str, MAX_LEN, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&amp;listeningFrom_addr, &amp;listeningFrom_len)) &lt; 0) {
              NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - recvfrom() failed");
              return;                     // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
          }
          NSLog(@"listenForPackets - Stage 4");
  
          NSString *tmpy = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:listeningRecv_str encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
              msgStatus.text = tmpy;
              NSLog(@"ERROR");
          }
          // received string
          printf("Received %d bytes from %s: ", listeningRecv_len, inet_ntoa(listeningFrom_addr.sin_addr));
          printf("%s", listeningRecv_str);
      }
  
      // send a DROP MEMBERSHIP message via setsockopt
      if ((setsockopt(listeningSock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, (void*) &amp;listeningMc_req, sizeof(listeningMc_req))) &lt; 0) {
          NSLog(@"ERROR: listenForPackets - setsockopt() failed");
          //return 1;                         // make the method return an int instead of void and use this statement to check for errors
      }
  
      close(listeningSock);
      NSLog(@"listenForPackets - Stage 5 - Complete");    
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Here is the code I'm using to extract my IP Address.</p>
  
  <pre><code>-(NSString *)getIPAddress {
      NSString *address = @"error";
      struct ifaddrs *interfaces; // = NULL;
      struct ifaddrs *temp_addr; // = NULL;
      int success = 0;
  
      // retrieve the current interfaces - returns 0 on success
      success = getifaddrs(&amp;interfaces);
      if (success == 0)  
      {
          // Loop through linked list of interfaces
          temp_addr = interfaces;
          while(temp_addr != NULL)  
          {
              if(temp_addr-&gt;ifa_addr-&gt;sa_family == AF_INET)
              {
                  // Check if interface is en0 which is the wifi connection on the iPhone  
                  if([[NSString stringWithUTF8String:temp_addr-&gt;ifa_name] isEqualToString:@"en0"])  
                  {
                      // Get NSString from C String
                      address = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)temp_addr-&gt;ifa_addr)-&gt;sin_addr)];
                  }
              }
              temp_addr = temp_addr-&gt;ifa_next;
          }
      }
  
      // Free memory
      freeifaddrs(interfaces); 
      return address; 
  }
  </code></pre>