title: Installing packages using apt-get in CloudFormation file
body: <p>I've got the following CloudFormation script. The stack is being created and the Ec2 instance launches, and I can SSH in but it's not installing the packages.</p>
  
  <p>I'm not sure where it's failing at. I'm using Ubuntu. I can't find were cfn-init is installed on my instance? Or is it only installed for Amazon Linux AMIs?</p>
  
  <p>How do I go about troubleshooting this?</p>
  
  <pre><code>{
  "Parameters" : {
      "ShinyKey": {
          "Description": "Key pair for instance.",
          "Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName"
      }
  },
  "Resources": {
      "Ec2Instance" : {
          "Metadata": {
              "AWS::CloudFormation::Init": {
                  "config": {
                      "packages": {
                          "apt": {
                              "r-base-dev": [],
                              "libcurl4-openssl-dev": [],
                              "git": []
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
          },
          "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
          "Properties": {
              "ImageId": "ami-9eaa1cf6",
              "InstanceType": "t2.micro",
              "KeyName": {"Ref": "ShinyKey"},
              "SecurityGroups": [{"Ref": "InstanceSecurityGroup"}],
              "Tags": [{
                  "Key": "Name",
                  "Value": "R-Shiny-Server"
              }],
              "UserData": {
                  "Fn::Base64": {
                      "Fn::Join": [
                          "",
                          [
                              "#!/bin/bash\n",
                              "/usr/local/bin/cfn-init --region ",
                              {
                                  "Ref": "AWS::Region"
                              },
                              " -s ",
                              {
                                  "Ref": "AWS::StackName"
                              },
                              " -r Ec2Instance\n"
                          ]
                      ]
                  }
              }
          }
      },
      "InstanceSecurityGroup" : {
          "Type" : "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
          "Properties": {
              "GroupDescription" : "Enable SSH access via port 22, and ports 3838 and 80 for Shiny",
              "SecurityGroupIngress" : [
                  { "IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : "22", "ToPort" : "22", "CidrIp" : "0.0.0.0/0" },
                  { "IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : "80", "ToPort" : "80", "CidrIp" : "0.0.0.0/0" },
                  { "IpProtocol" : "tcp", "FromPort" : "3838", "ToPort" : "3838", "CidrIp" : "0.0.0.0/0" }
              ]
          }
      }
  }
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>}</p>