title: AttributeError: 'MSVCCompiler' object has no attribute 'linker_exe'
body: <p>I'm trying to install AirFlow, but keep getting an error. The line -
  <code>pip install apache-airflow</code></p>
  
  <p>I installed Visual Studio with the proper packages, installed misaka, and updated both pip install version and setuptools.</p>
  
  <p>The results -</p>
  
  <pre><code>Collecting apache-airflow
    Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fc/c9/db9c285b51a58c426433787205d86e91004662d99b1f5253295619bdb0e4/apache_airflow-1.10.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
  Requirement already satisfied: future&lt;0.17,&gt;=0.16.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.16.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.13.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: markdown&lt;3.0,&gt;=2.5.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.6.11)
  Requirement already satisfied: alembic&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.0.11)
  Requirement already satisfied: jinja2&lt;2.11.0,&gt;=2.10.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.10.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: dill&lt;0.3,&gt;=0.2.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.2.9)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.1.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.1.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-login&lt;0.5,&gt;=0.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.4.1)
  Collecting dumb-init&gt;=1.2.2 (from apache-airflow)
    Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/32/817e967fa6c20d4568537016a2f27f00d9c6194778a41835e185e4feea0c/dumb-init-1.2.2.tar.gz
  Requirement already satisfied: sqlalchemy~=1.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.3.6)
  Requirement already satisfied: lazy-object-proxy~=1.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.4.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: thrift&gt;=0.9.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.11.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: configparser&lt;3.6.0,&gt;=3.5.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (3.5.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: croniter&lt;0.4,&gt;=0.3.17 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.3.30)
  Requirement already satisfied: termcolor==1.1.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: psutil&lt;6.0.0,&gt;=4.2.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (5.6.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: requests&lt;3,&gt;=2.20.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.22.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: funcsigs==1.0.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.0.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: python-daemon&lt;2.2,&gt;=2.1.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.1.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-admin==1.5.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.5.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-swagger==0.2.13 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.2.13)
  Requirement already satisfied: cached-property~=1.5 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.5.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: pygments&lt;3.0,&gt;=2.0.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.4.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: tenacity==4.12.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (4.12.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-caching&lt;1.4.0,&gt;=1.3.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.3.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: setproctitle&lt;2,&gt;=1.1.8 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.1.10)
  Requirement already satisfied: tabulate&lt;0.9,&gt;=0.7.5 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.8.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: tzlocal&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.4 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.5.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: pendulum==1.4.4 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.4.4)
  Requirement already satisfied: flask-wtf&lt;0.15,&gt;=0.14.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.14.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: json-merge-patch==0.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: zope.deprecation&lt;5.0,&gt;=4.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (4.4.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil&lt;3,&gt;=2.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (2.8.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: pandas&lt;1.0.0,&gt;=0.17.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.24.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: gunicorn&lt;20.0,&gt;=19.5.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (19.9.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: unicodecsv&gt;=0.14.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.14.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: colorlog==4.0.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (4.0.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: iso8601&gt;=0.1.12 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (0.1.12)
  Requirement already satisfied: text-unidecode==1.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from apache-airflow) (1.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: colorama&lt;1,&gt;=0.3.9 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.4.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: click&lt;8,&gt;=6.7 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (7.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: apispec[yaml]&gt;=1.1.1&lt;2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.0.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: Flask-Babel&lt;1,&gt;=0.11.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.12.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: Flask-OpenID&lt;2,&gt;=1.2.5 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.2.5)
  Requirement already satisfied: Flask-SQLAlchemy&lt;3,&gt;=2.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.4.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: Flask-JWT-Extended&lt;4,&gt;=3.18 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (3.21.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: marshmallow&lt;2.20,&gt;=2.18.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.19.5)
  Requirement already satisfied: marshmallow-enum&lt;2,&gt;=1.4.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.4.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: marshmallow-sqlalchemy&gt;=0.16.1&lt;1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.17.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: prison==0.1.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: jsonschema&gt;=3.0.1&lt;4 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (3.0.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: PyJWT&gt;=1.7.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.7.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: Mako in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from alembic&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: python-editor&gt;=0.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from alembic&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.0.4)
  Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe&gt;=0.23 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from jinja2&lt;2.11.0,&gt;=2.10.1-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.1.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: itsdangerous&gt;=0.24 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.1.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: Werkzeug&gt;=0.15 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask&lt;2.0,&gt;=1.1.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.15.5)
  Requirement already satisfied: six&gt;=1.7.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from thrift&gt;=0.9.2-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.11.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: chardet&lt;3.1.0,&gt;=3.0.2 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from requests&lt;3,&gt;=2.20.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (3.0.4)
  Requirement already satisfied: urllib3!=1.25.0,!=1.25.1,&lt;1.26,&gt;=1.21.1 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from requests&lt;3,&gt;=2.20.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.22)
  Requirement already satisfied: idna&lt;2.9,&gt;=2.5 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from requests&lt;3,&gt;=2.20.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.6)
  Requirement already satisfied: certifi&gt;=2017.4.17 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from requests&lt;3,&gt;=2.20.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (2018.1.18)
  Requirement already satisfied: ordereddict in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from funcsigs==1.0.0-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: lockfile&gt;=0.10 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from python-daemon&lt;2.2,&gt;=2.1.1-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.12.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: docutils in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from python-daemon&lt;2.2,&gt;=2.1.1-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.15.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from python-daemon&lt;2.2,&gt;=2.1.1-&gt;apache-airflow) (41.0.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: wtforms in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-admin==1.5.3-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.2.1)
  Requirement already satisfied: PyYAML&gt;=3.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask-swagger==0.2.13-&gt;apache-airflow) (5.1.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from tzlocal&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.4-&gt;apache-airflow) (2018.9)
  Requirement already satisfied: pytzdata&gt;=2018.3.0.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from pendulum==1.4.4-&gt;apache-airflow) (2019.2)
  Requirement already satisfied: numpy&gt;=1.12.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from pandas&lt;1.0.0,&gt;=0.17.1-&gt;apache-airflow) (1.13.3)
  Requirement already satisfied: Babel&gt;=2.3 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from Flask-Babel&lt;1,&gt;=0.11.1-&gt;flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (2.7.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: python3-openid&gt;=2.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from Flask-OpenID&lt;2,&gt;=1.2.5-&gt;flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (3.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: pyrsistent&gt;=0.14.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from jsonschema&gt;=3.0.1&lt;4-&gt;flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.15.4)
  Requirement already satisfied: attrs&gt;=17.4.0 in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from jsonschema&gt;=3.0.1&lt;4-&gt;flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (19.1.0)
  Requirement already satisfied: defusedxml in c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from python3-openid&gt;=2.0-&gt;Flask-OpenID&lt;2,&gt;=1.2.5-&gt;flask-appbuilder&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.12.5-&gt;apache-airflow) (0.6.0)
  Installing collected packages: dumb-init, apache-airflow
    Running setup.py install for dumb-init ... error
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: 'c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\Ben\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-xfdgqfty\\dumb-init\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\Ben\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-xfdgqfty\\dumb-init\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-4syt09xi\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile
           cwd: C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xfdgqfty\dumb-init\
      Complete output (33 lines):
      running install
      running build
      running build_cexe
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "&lt;string&gt;", line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
        File "C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xfdgqfty\dumb-init\setup.py", line 135, in &lt;module&gt;
          distclass=ExeDistribution,
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 145, in setup
          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
          dist.run_commands()
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
          self.run_command(cmd)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\install.py", line 61, in run
          return orig.install.run(self)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\command\install.py", line 545, in run
          self.run_command('build')
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\command\build.py", line 135, in run
          self.run_command(cmd_name)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
          self.distribution.run_command(command)
        File "c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\lib\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
          cmd_obj.run()
        File "C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xfdgqfty\dumb-init\setup.py", line 95, in run
          cmd = compiler.linker_exe + [f.name, '-static', '-o', os.devnull]
      AttributeError: 'MSVCCompiler' object has no attribute 'linker_exe'
      supports -static...
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\ben\appdata\local\programs\python\python36\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\Ben\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-xfdgqfty\\dumb-init\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\Ben\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-xfdgqfty\\dumb-init\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\Ben\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-4syt09xi\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --compile Check the logs for full command output.
  </code></pre>