title: before hook in rspec same as before :all?
body: <p>I am wondering whether the <code>before</code> (as seen below) is the same as <code>before :all</code> in RSpec. Sometimes neither <code>:each</code> nor <code>:all</code> is specified and it confuses me as to what <code>before</code> actually does.</p>
  
  <pre><code>require 'spec_helper'
  
  describe "this is a description" do 
    before do # vs. before :all or before :each
     # do something...
    end
  end
  </code></pre>
  
  <p>Would appreciate if anyone can explain the differences, if any. Thanks!</p>