title: Stubbing out functions or classes
body: <p>Can you explain the concept <code>stubbing out functions or classes</code> taken from <a href="http://diveintopython.net/object_oriented_framework/defining_classes.html" rel="noreferrer">this article</a>?</p>
  
  <pre><code>class Loaf:
      pass  
  </code></pre>
  
  <blockquote>
    <p>This class doesn't define any methods or attributes, but syntactically, there needs to be something in the definition, so you use pass. This is a Python reserved word that just means “move along, nothing to see here”. It's a statement that does nothing, and it's a good placeholder when you're stubbing out functions or classes.`</p>
  </blockquote>
  
  <p>thank you</p>