Top views of a bowling ball, the blue-colored elements illustrating initial axis rotations of 0°, 30°, and 60°. The brown arrow represents the direction of ball motion down the lane, and the pink arrows represent corresponding ways of imparting such axis rotations by moving fingers "through" the ball at time of release.
<p>Concepts are discussed in Chapter 13, "Create a Bowler's Tool Kit" in the book:
</p>
<ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="harv">(July 15, 2018) <i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Bowling_Beyond_the_Basics.html?id=8thjDwAAQBAJ">Bowling Beyond the Basics: What's Really Happening on the Lanes, and What You Can Do about It</a></i>, BowlSmart  <small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="extiw" title="en:International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>:  <a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1_73_241000_8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1 73 241000 8">978-1 73 241000 8</a>. </small></cite></li></ul><p>Freeman and Hatfield relate that the optimal range of axis rotation is about 25° to 35°, the optimum varying based on rev rate and ball speed, specifically:<br>
arcsin (ωr/v) <br></p>
where ω is rev rate (rad/s), r is radius (m), and v is ball speed (m/s)
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