Longest Valid Parentheses
<p>Given a string containing just the characters <code>&#39;(&#39;</code> and <code>&#39;)&#39;</code>, return <em>the length of the longest valid (well-formed) parentheses </em><span data-keyword="substring-nonempty"><em>substring</em></span>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;(()&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 2
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The longest valid parentheses substring is &quot;()&quot;.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;)()())&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> The longest valid parentheses substring is &quot;()()&quot;.
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> s = &quot;&quot;
<strong>Output:</strong> 0
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 3 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>s[i]</code> is <code>&#39;(&#39;</code>, or <code>&#39;)&#39;</code>.</li>
</ul>
Stack; String; Dynamic Programming
/**
 * @param {string} s
 * @return {number}
 */
var longestValidParentheses = function (s) {
    const n = s.length;
    const f = new Array(n + 1).fill(0);
    for (let i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
        if (s[i - 1] === ')') {
            if (s[i - 2] === '(') {
                f[i] = f[i - 2] + 2;
            } else {
                const j = i - f[i - 1] - 1;
                if (j && s[j - 1] === '(') {
                    f[i] = f[i - 1] + 2 + f[j - 1];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return Math.max(...f);
};
