Map Sum Pairs
<p>Design a map that allows you to do the following:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Maps a string key to a given value.</li>
	<li>Returns the sum of the values that have a key with a prefix equal to a given string.</li>
</ul>

<p>Implement the <code>MapSum</code> class:</p>

<ul>
	<li><code>MapSum()</code> Initializes the <code>MapSum</code> object.</li>
	<li><code>void insert(String key, int val)</code> Inserts the <code>key-val</code> pair into the map. If the <code>key</code> already existed, the original <code>key-value</code> pair will be overridden to the new one.</li>
	<li><code>int sum(string prefix)</code> Returns the sum of all the pairs&#39; value whose <code>key</code> starts with the <code>prefix</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input</strong>
[&quot;MapSum&quot;, &quot;insert&quot;, &quot;sum&quot;, &quot;insert&quot;, &quot;sum&quot;]
[[], [&quot;apple&quot;, 3], [&quot;ap&quot;], [&quot;app&quot;, 2], [&quot;ap&quot;]]
<strong>Output</strong>
[null, null, 3, null, 5]

<strong>Explanation</strong>
MapSum mapSum = new MapSum();
mapSum.insert(&quot;apple&quot;, 3);  
mapSum.sum(&quot;ap&quot;);           // return 3 (<u>ap</u>ple = 3)
mapSum.insert(&quot;app&quot;, 2);    
mapSum.sum(&quot;ap&quot;);           // return 5 (<u>ap</u>ple + <u>ap</u>p = 3 + 2 = 5)
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= key.length, prefix.length &lt;= 50</code></li>
	<li><code>key</code> and <code>prefix</code> consist of only lowercase English letters.</li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= val &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li>At most <code>50</code> calls will be made to <code>insert</code> and <code>sum</code>.</li>
</ul>
Design; Trie; Hash Table; String
class Trie {
    children: Trie[];
    val: number;

    constructor() {
        this.children = new Array(26);
        this.val = 0;
    }

    insert(w: string, x: number) {
        let node: Trie = this;
        for (const c of w) {
            const i = c.charCodeAt(0) - 97;
            if (!node.children[i]) {
                node.children[i] = new Trie();
            }
            node = node.children[i];
            node.val += x;
        }
    }

    search(w: string): number {
        let node: Trie = this;
        for (const c of w) {
            const i = c.charCodeAt(0) - 97;
            if (!node.children[i]) {
                return 0;
            }
            node = node.children[i];
        }
        return node.val;
    }
}

class MapSum {
    d: Map<string, number>;
    t: Trie;
    constructor() {
        this.d = new Map();
        this.t = new Trie();
    }

    insert(key: string, val: number): void {
        const x = val - (this.d.get(key) ?? 0);
        this.d.set(key, val);
        this.t.insert(key, x);
    }

    sum(prefix: string): number {
        return this.t.search(prefix);
    }
}

/**
 * Your MapSum object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * var obj = new MapSum()
 * obj.insert(key,val)
 * var param_2 = obj.sum(prefix)
 */
