Map Sum Pairs
<p>Design a map that allows you to do the following:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Maps a string key to a given value.</li>
	<li>Returns the sum of the values that have a key with a prefix equal to a given string.</li>
</ul>

<p>Implement the <code>MapSum</code> class:</p>

<ul>
	<li><code>MapSum()</code> Initializes the <code>MapSum</code> object.</li>
	<li><code>void insert(String key, int val)</code> Inserts the <code>key-val</code> pair into the map. If the <code>key</code> already existed, the original <code>key-value</code> pair will be overridden to the new one.</li>
	<li><code>int sum(string prefix)</code> Returns the sum of all the pairs&#39; value whose <code>key</code> starts with the <code>prefix</code>.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input</strong>
[&quot;MapSum&quot;, &quot;insert&quot;, &quot;sum&quot;, &quot;insert&quot;, &quot;sum&quot;]
[[], [&quot;apple&quot;, 3], [&quot;ap&quot;], [&quot;app&quot;, 2], [&quot;ap&quot;]]
<strong>Output</strong>
[null, null, 3, null, 5]

<strong>Explanation</strong>
MapSum mapSum = new MapSum();
mapSum.insert(&quot;apple&quot;, 3);  
mapSum.sum(&quot;ap&quot;);           // return 3 (<u>ap</u>ple = 3)
mapSum.insert(&quot;app&quot;, 2);    
mapSum.sum(&quot;ap&quot;);           // return 5 (<u>ap</u>ple + <u>ap</u>p = 3 + 2 = 5)
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= key.length, prefix.length &lt;= 50</code></li>
	<li><code>key</code> and <code>prefix</code> consist of only lowercase English letters.</li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= val &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li>At most <code>50</code> calls will be made to <code>insert</code> and <code>sum</code>.</li>
</ul>
Design; Trie; Hash Table; String
type trie struct {
	children [26]*trie
	val      int
}

func (t *trie) insert(w string, x int) {
	for _, c := range w {
		c -= 'a'
		if t.children[c] == nil {
			t.children[c] = &trie{}
		}
		t = t.children[c]
		t.val += x
	}
}

func (t *trie) search(w string) int {
	for _, c := range w {
		c -= 'a'
		if t.children[c] == nil {
			return 0
		}
		t = t.children[c]
	}
	return t.val
}

type MapSum struct {
	d map[string]int
	t *trie
}

func Constructor() MapSum {
	return MapSum{make(map[string]int), &trie{}}
}

func (this *MapSum) Insert(key string, val int) {
	x := val - this.d[key]
	this.d[key] = val
	this.t.insert(key, x)
}

func (this *MapSum) Sum(prefix string) int {
	return this.t.search(prefix)
}

/**
 * Your MapSum object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * obj := Constructor();
 * obj.Insert(key,val);
 * param_2 := obj.Sum(prefix);
 */