Shortest Path Visiting All Nodes
<p>You have an undirected, connected graph of <code>n</code> nodes labeled from <code>0</code> to <code>n - 1</code>. You are given an array <code>graph</code> where <code>graph[i]</code> is a list of all the nodes connected with node <code>i</code> by an edge.</p>

<p>Return <em>the length of the shortest path that visits every node</em>. You may start and stop at any node, you may revisit nodes multiple times, and you may reuse edges.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/0800-0899/0847.Shortest%20Path%20Visiting%20All%20Nodes/images/shortest1-graph.jpg" style="width: 222px; height: 183px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> graph = [[1,2,3],[0],[0],[0]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> One possible path is [1,0,2,0,3]
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/0800-0899/0847.Shortest%20Path%20Visiting%20All%20Nodes/images/shortest2-graph.jpg" style="width: 382px; height: 222px;" />
<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> graph = [[1],[0,2,4],[1,3,4],[2],[1,2]]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
<strong>Explanation:</strong> One possible path is [0,1,4,2,3]
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>n == graph.length</code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= n &lt;= 12</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= graph[i].length &lt;&nbsp;n</code></li>
	<li><code>graph[i]</code> does not contain <code>i</code>.</li>
	<li>If <code>graph[a]</code> contains <code>b</code>, then <code>graph[b]</code> contains <code>a</code>.</li>
	<li>The input graph is always connected.</li>
</ul>
Bit Manipulation; Breadth-First Search; Graph; Dynamic Programming; Bitmask
function shortestPathLength(graph: number[][]): number {
    const n = graph.length;
    const q: number[][] = [];
    const vis: boolean[][] = new Array(n).fill(false).map(() => new Array(1 << n).fill(false));
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        q.push([i, 1 << i]);
        vis[i][1 << i] = true;
    }
    for (let ans = 0; ; ++ans) {
        for (let k = q.length; k; --k) {
            const [i, st] = q.shift()!;
            if (st === (1 << n) - 1) {
                return ans;
            }
            for (const j of graph[i]) {
                const nst = st | (1 << j);
                if (!vis[j][nst]) {
                    vis[j][nst] = true;
                    q.push([j, nst]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
