Range Sum Query - Immutable
<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code>, handle multiple queries of the following type:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Calculate the <strong>sum</strong> of the elements of <code>nums</code> between indices <code>left</code> and <code>right</code> <strong>inclusive</strong> where <code>left &lt;= right</code>.</li>
</ol>

<p>Implement the <code>NumArray</code> class:</p>

<ul>
	<li><code>NumArray(int[] nums)</code> Initializes the object with the integer array <code>nums</code>.</li>
	<li><code>int sumRange(int left, int right)</code> Returns the <strong>sum</strong> of the elements of <code>nums</code> between indices <code>left</code> and <code>right</code> <strong>inclusive</strong> (i.e. <code>nums[left] + nums[left + 1] + ... + nums[right]</code>).</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input</strong>
[&quot;NumArray&quot;, &quot;sumRange&quot;, &quot;sumRange&quot;, &quot;sumRange&quot;]
[[[-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1]], [0, 2], [2, 5], [0, 5]]
<strong>Output</strong>
[null, 1, -1, -3]

<strong>Explanation</strong>
NumArray numArray = new NumArray([-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1]);
numArray.sumRange(0, 2); // return (-2) + 0 + 3 = 1
numArray.sumRange(2, 5); // return 3 + (-5) + 2 + (-1) = -1
numArray.sumRange(0, 5); // return (-2) + 0 + 3 + (-5) + 2 + (-1) = -3
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>-10<sup>5</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= left &lt;= right &lt; nums.length</code></li>
	<li>At most <code>10<sup>4</sup></code> calls will be made to <code>sumRange</code>.</li>
</ul>
Design; Array; Prefix Sum
class NumArray(nums: IntArray) {
    private val prefix_sums: IntArray

    init {
        val nums_size = nums.size
        this.prefix_sums = IntArray(nums_size + 1)
        for (i in 0..<nums_size) {
            this.prefix_sums[i + 1] = this.prefix_sums[i] + nums[i]
        }
    }

    fun sumRange(left: Int, right: Int): Int = this.prefix_sums[right + 1] - this.prefix_sums[left]
}

/**
 * Your NumArray object will be instantiated and called as such: var obj = NumArray(nums) var
 * param_1 = obj.sumRange(left,right)
 */
