Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
<p>Given the <code>root</code> of a&nbsp;binary tree, return <em>the postorder traversal of its nodes&#39; values</em>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">root = [1,null,2,3]</span></p>

<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">[3,2,1]</span></p>

<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/0100-0199/0145.Binary%20Tree%20Postorder%20Traversal/images/screenshot-2024-08-29-202743.png" style="width: 200px; height: 264px;" /></p>
</div>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">root = [1,2,3,4,5,null,8,null,null,6,7,9]</span></p>

<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">[4,6,7,5,2,9,8,3,1]</span></p>

<p><strong>Explanation:</strong></p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/doocs/leetcode@main/solution/0100-0199/0145.Binary%20Tree%20Postorder%20Traversal/images/tree_2.png" style="width: 350px; height: 286px;" /></p>
</div>

<p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>

<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">root = []</span></p>

<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">[]</span></p>
</div>

<p><strong class="example">Example 4:</strong></p>

<div class="example-block">
<p><strong>Input:</strong> <span class="example-io">root = [1]</span></p>

<p><strong>Output:</strong> <span class="example-io">[1]</span></p>
</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li>The number of the nodes in the tree is in the range <code>[0, 100]</code>.</li>
	<li><code>-100 &lt;= Node.val &lt;= 100</code></li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<strong>Follow up:</strong> Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?
Stack; Tree; Depth-First Search; Binary Tree
// Definition for a binary tree node.
// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
// pub struct TreeNode {
//   pub val: i32,
//   pub left: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
//   pub right: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>,
// }
//
// impl TreeNode {
//   #[inline]
//   pub fn new(val: i32) -> Self {
//     TreeNode {
//       val,
//       left: None,
//       right: None
//     }
//   }
// }
use std::cell::RefCell;
use std::rc::Rc;
impl Solution {
    fn dfs(root: &Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, ans: &mut Vec<i32>) {
        if root.is_none() {
            return;
        }
        let node = root.as_ref().unwrap().borrow();
        Self::dfs(&node.left, ans);
        Self::dfs(&node.right, ans);
        ans.push(node.val);
    }

    pub fn postorder_traversal(root: Option<Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>) -> Vec<i32> {
        let mut ans = vec![];
        Self::dfs(&root, &mut ans);
        ans
    }
}
