Shortest Subarray with Sum at Least K
<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code> and an integer <code>k</code>, return <em>the length of the shortest non-empty <strong>subarray</strong> of </em><code>nums</code><em> with a sum of at least </em><code>k</code>. If there is no such <strong>subarray</strong>, return <code>-1</code>.</p>

<p>A <strong>subarray</strong> is a <strong>contiguous</strong> part of an array.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1], k = 1
<strong>Output:</strong> 1
</pre><p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [1,2], k = 4
<strong>Output:</strong> -1
</pre><p><strong class="example">Example 3:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,-1,2], k = 3
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>-10<sup>5</sup> &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 10<sup>5</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= k &lt;= 10<sup>9</sup></code></li>
</ul>
Queue; Array; Binary Search; Prefix Sum; Sliding Window; Monotonic Queue; Heap (Priority Queue)
func shortestSubarray(nums []int, k int) int {
	n := len(nums)
	s := make([]int, n+1)
	for i, x := range nums {
		s[i+1] = s[i] + x
	}
	q := []int{}
	ans := n + 1
	for i, v := range s {
		for len(q) > 0 && v-s[q[0]] >= k {
			ans = min(ans, i-q[0])
			q = q[1:]
		}
		for len(q) > 0 && s[q[len(q)-1]] >= v {
			q = q[:len(q)-1]
		}
		q = append(q, i)
	}
	if ans > n {
		return -1
	}
	return ans
}