Shortest Palindrome
<p>You are given a string <code>s</code>. You can convert <code>s</code> to a <span data-keyword="palindrome-string">palindrome</span> by adding characters in front of it.</p>

<p>Return <em>the shortest palindrome you can find by performing this transformation</em>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> s = "aacecaaa"
<strong>Output:</strong> "aaacecaaa"
</pre><p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>
<pre><strong>Input:</strong> s = "abcd"
<strong>Output:</strong> "dcbabcd"
</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= s.length &lt;= 5 * 10<sup>4</sup></code></li>
	<li><code>s</code> consists of lowercase English letters only.</li>
</ul>
String; String Matching; Hash Function; Rolling Hash
typedef unsigned long long ull;

class Solution {
public:
    string shortestPalindrome(string s) {
        int base = 131;
        ull mul = 1;
        ull prefix = 0;
        ull suffix = 0;
        int idx = 0, n = s.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int t = s[i] - 'a' + 1;
            prefix = prefix * base + t;
            suffix = suffix + mul * t;
            mul *= base;
            if (prefix == suffix) idx = i + 1;
        }
        if (idx == n) return s;
        string x = s.substr(idx, n - idx);
        reverse(x.begin(), x.end());
        return x + s;
    }
};