Valid Triangle Number
<p>Given an integer array <code>nums</code>, return <em>the number of triplets chosen from the array that can make triangles if we take them as side lengths of a triangle</em>.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong class="example">Example 1:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [2,2,3,4]
<strong>Output:</strong> 3
<strong>Explanation:</strong> Valid combinations are: 
2,3,4 (using the first 2)
2,3,4 (using the second 2)
2,2,3
</pre>

<p><strong class="example">Example 2:</strong></p>

<pre>
<strong>Input:</strong> nums = [4,2,3,4]
<strong>Output:</strong> 4
</pre>

<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Constraints:</strong></p>

<ul>
	<li><code>1 &lt;= nums.length &lt;= 1000</code></li>
	<li><code>0 &lt;= nums[i] &lt;= 1000</code></li>
</ul>
Greedy; Array; Two Pointers; Binary Search; Sorting
class Solution {
public:
    int triangleNumber(vector<int>& nums) {
        sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
        int ans = 0, n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; ++i) {
            for (int j = i + 1; j < n - 1; ++j) {
                int k = lower_bound(nums.begin() + j + 1, nums.end(), nums[i] + nums[j]) - nums.begin() - 1;
                ans += k - j;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};