Bell P-39 Airacobra
Bell P-39 Airacobra adalah salah satu pesawat tempur Amerika utama dalam pelayanan ketika Amerika Serikat memasuki Perang Dunia II. P-39 digunakan dengan sukses besar oleh Angkatan Udara Soviet, yang mencetak angka tertinggi individu membunuh dikaitkan dengan setiap jenis tempur AS. Pengguna utama lainnya dari jenis yang termasuk Free French, Royal Air Force, United States Army Air Forces, dan Co-Belligerent Angkatan Udara Italia.

Dirancang oleh Bell Aircraft, itu memiliki tata letak yang inovatif, dengan mesin dipasang di badan pesawat tengah, di belakang pilot, dan mengemudi baling-baling traktor melalui poros panjang. Itu juga tempur pertama dilengkapi dengan undercarriage roda tiga.

Referensi 

 AAHS Journal, American Aviation Historical Society, Volume 46, 2001.
 Angelucci, Enzo and Paolo Matricardi. World Aircraft: World War II, Volume II (Sampson Low Guides). Maidenhead, UK: Sampson Low, 1978. ISBN 0-562-00096-8.
 Angelucci, Enzo and Peter M. Bowers. The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft from 1917 to the Present. New York, Orion Books, 1987. ISBN 0-517-56588-9.
 Bergström, Christer. Bagration to Berlin – The final Air Battle in the East 1944–45. Hersham, UK: Classic Publications, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903223-91-8.
 Bodie, Warren. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning. St. Paul, Minnesota: Widewing Publications, 1991. ISBN 0-9629359-5-6.
 Bowers, Peter M. "Airborne Cobra Pt.I". Airpower, Vol. 8, No. 6, November 1978.
 Bowers, Peter M. "Airborne Cobra Pt. II". Airpower, Vol.9, No. 1, January 1979.
 Brown, Captain Eric. Wings on My Sleeve. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006. ISBN 0-297-84565-9.
 Byk, Gary. The Modeller's Guide to the Bell P-39 Airacobra in RAAF Service. Melbourne, Australia: Red Roo Models Publication, 1997. ISBN 0-646-32869-7.
 Dean, Francis H. America's Hundred Thousand. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing Ltd, 1997. ISBN 0-7643-0072-5.
 Dial, Jay Frank. The Bell P-39 Airacobra, Aircraft in Profile no.165. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications. Ltd., 1966 (reprinted 1971). No ISBN.
 "Dimensione Cielo aerei Italiani nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale. (in Italian) Caccia Assalto 3. Rome: Edizioni Bizzarri, 1972.
 Donald, David. "Bell P-39 Airacobra." The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Leicester, UK: Blitz Editions, 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
 Dorr, Robert F. and Jerry C. Scutts. Bell P-39 Airacobra. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press Ltd., 2000. ISBN 1-86126-348-1.
 Drabkin, Artem. The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007. ISBN 1-84415-563-3.
 Fitzsimons, Bernard, editor. "Airacobra, Bell P-39". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare, Volume 1. New York: Columbia House, 1977. ISBN 0-8393-6175-0.
 Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume 4. London: Macdonald & Co., 6th Edition, 1969. ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: U. S. Army Air Force Fighters, Part 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977. ISBN 0-356-08218-0.
 Gueli, Marco. "Gli Airacobra Italiani" (in Italian). Storia Militare n.132, September 2004.
 Gunston, Bill. Aircraft of World War 2. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1980. ISBN 0-7064-1287-7.
 Hardesty, Von. Red Phoenix: The Rise of Soviet Air Power 1941–1945. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1991 (first edition 1982). ISBN 0-87474-510-1.
 Hoover, R.A. and Mark Shaw. Forever Flying. New York: Pocket Books, 1996. ISBN 978-0-671-53761-6.
 Johnsen, Frederick A. Bell P-39/P-63 Airacobra & Kingcobra. St. Paul, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 1998. ISBN 1-58007-010-8.
 Johnson, Brian and Terry Heffernan. A Most Secret Place: Boscombe Down 1939–45. London: Jane's Publishing Company Limited, 1982. ISBN 0-7106-0203-0
 Juszczak, Artur and Robert Pęczkowski. Bell P-39 Airacobra (in Polish). Sandomierz, Poland/Redbourn, UK: Mushroom Model Publications, 2003. ISBN 83-916327-9-2.
 Kelsey, Benjamin S. The Dragon's Teeth?: The Creation of United States Air Power for World War II. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982. ISBN 0-87474-574-8.
 Kinzey, Bert. P-39 Airacobra in Detail, D&S Vol. 63. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1999. ISBN 1-888974-16-8.
 Lednicer, David A. "Aerodynamics of the Bell P-39 Airacobra and P-63 Kingcobra." SAE paper 2000-01-167. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 9 May 2000.
 Loza, Dmitriy and James F. Gebhardt, editor and translator. Attack of the Airacobras: Soviet Aces, American P-39s & the Air War Against Germany. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002. ISBN 0-7006-1140-1.
 Mariinskiy, Evgeniy. Red Star Airacobra: Memoirs of a Soviet Fighter Ace 1941–45. Solihull, UK: Helion and Company, 2006. ISBN 1-874622-78-7.
 Mason, Francis K. Royal Air Force Fighters of World War Two, Volume One. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company Inc., 1971. ISBN 0-85064-012-1.
 Matthews, Birch. Cobra! Bell Aircraft Corporation 1934–1946. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1996. ISBN 0-88740-911-3.
 Mattioli, Marco. Bell P-39 Airacobra in Italian Service, Aviolibri Special 7 (Bilingual Italian/English). Rome: IBN Editore, 2003. ISBN 88-86815-85-9.
 McDowell, Ernest. P-39 Airacobra in Action, Aircraft No.43. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1980. ISBN 0-89747-102-4.
 Mellinger, George and John Stanaway. P-39 Airacobra Aces of World War 2. Botley, Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-84176-204-0.
 Mitchell, Rick. Airacobra Advantage: The Flying Cannon. The Complete Story of Bell Aircraft Corporation's P-39 Pursuit Fighter Plane. Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Co., 1992 (second printing 1995). ISBN 0-929521-62-5.
 Morgan, Hugh. Gli assi Sovietici della Seconda guerra mondiale (in Italian). Rome: Edizioni del Prado/Osprey Aviation, 1999. ISBN 84-8372-203-8
 Park, Edwards. Nanette, Her Pilot's Love Story. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977. (2nd edition 1989). ISBN 0-87474-737-6.
 Pearcy, Arthur. Flying the Frontiers: NACA and NASA Experimental Aircraft. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1993. ISBN 1-55750-258-7.
 Pejčoch, Ivo. Bojové Legendy: P-39 Airacobra (in Czech). Prague, Czech Republic: Jan Vašut s.r.o., 2008. ISBN 978-80-7236-573-9.
 Roman, Valerij. Aerokobry vstupayut v boy ('Airacobras enter combat'), Белл P-400,P-39D-1,P-39D-2("Avia-retro" series 1) (in Ukrainian). Kiev, Ukraine: Aero-Hobby, 1993. ISBN 5-7707-5170-3.
 Roman, Valerij. Aerokobry nad Kuban'yu (Airacobras over Kuban'), P-39 K, L и M ("Avia-retro" series 2) (in Ukrainian). Kiev, Ukraine: Aero-Hobby, 2006. ISBN 0-9780696-0-9.
 Tomalik, Jacek. Bell P-39 Airacobra Cz.1, Monografie Lotnicze 58 (in Polish). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press, 1999. ISBN 83-7237-032-X.
 Tomalik, Jacek. Bell P-63 Kingcobra, XFL-1 Airabonita, P-39 Airacobra Cz.2, Monografie Lotnicze 59 (in Polish). Gdańsk, Poland: AJ-Press, 2001. ISBN 83-7237-034-6.
 United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
 Williams, Neil. Aerobatics. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1975. ISBN 978-0-9504543-0-6.
 Woods, Robert J. “Why a Rear Engine Installation,” Parts I and II. Aviation, March and April 1941.

Pranala luar 

 Manual: (1944) Pilot’s Flight Operating Instructions for Army Model P-39Q-1 Airplane
 "World's Deadliest Fighting Ship", Popular Science, November 1941 first large article on P-39 published in U.S. for general public
 1941 magazine cover art of P-39
 P-39 Airacobra by Joe Baugher
 XFL-1 Airabonita
 Bell P-39 Airacobra at acepilots.com
 "Soviet use more description of the Loza reference and use of P-39 for air superiority" at acepilots.com
 [http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/WW2guneffect.htm "Aircraft guns of WWII at nildram.co.uk] 
 The Bell XP-39 Airacobra 
 
 "Giant Killer!" a 1941 advertisement for the Airacobra in Flight''
 "The Bell Caribou – Latest Information on this Ultra-modern American Fighter." Flight, 1941
 "An Airacobra squadron." Flight, 1941
 "Conventional and unconventional." Flight, 1945
Bell P-39 Airacobra adalah salah satu pesawat tempur Amerika utama dalam pelayanan ketika Amerika Serikat memasuki Perang Dunia II . P-39 digunakan dengan sukses besar oleh Angkatan Udara Soviet , yang mencetak angka tertinggi individu membunuh dikaitkan dengan setiap jenis tempur AS . Pengguna utama lainnya dari jenis yang termasuk Free French , Royal Air Force , United States Army Air Forces , dan Co-Belligerent Angkatan Udara Italia . Dirancang oleh Bell Aircraft , itu memiliki tata letak yang inovatif , dengan mesin dipasang di badan pesawat tengah , di belakang pilot , dan mengemudi baling-baling traktor melalui poros panjang . Itu juga tempur pertama dilengkapi dengan undercarriage roda tiga . Referensi AAHS Journal , American Aviation Historical Society , Volume Angelucci , Enzo and Paolo Matricardi . World Aircraft : World War II , Volume II ( Sampson Low Guides ) . Maidenhead , UK : Sampson Low , ISBN00096-8 . Angelucci , Enzo and Peter M . Bowers . The American Fighter : The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft fromto the Present . New York , Orion Books , ISBN56588-9 . Bergström , Christer . Bagration to Berlin – The final Air Battle in the East45 . Hersham , UK : Classic Publications , ISBN903223-91-8 . Bodie , Warren . The Lockheed P-38 Lightning . St . Paul , Minnesota : Widewing Publications , ISBN5-6 . Bowers , Peter M . " Airborne Cobra Pt.I " . Airpower , Vol . No . November Bowers , Peter M . " Airborne Cobra Pt . II " . Airpower , Vol.9 , No . January Brown , Captain Eric . Wings on My Sleeve . London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson , ISBN84565-9 . Byk , Gary . The Modeller's Guide to the Bell P-39 Airacobra in RAAF Service . Melbourne , Australia : Red Roo Models Publication , ISBN32869-7 . Dean , Francis H . America's Hundred Thousand . Atglen , Pennsylvania : Schiffer Publishing Ltd , ISBN0072-5 . Dial , Jay Frank . The Bell P-39 Airacobra , Aircraft in Profile no.165 . Windsor , Berkshire , UK : Profile Publications . Ltd .,( reprinted No ISBN . " Dimensione Cielo aerei Italiani nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale . ( in Italian ) Caccia Assalto Rome : Edizioni Bizzarri , Donald , David . " Bell P-39 Airacobra . " The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft . Leicester , UK : Blitz Editions , ISBN375-X . Dorr , Robert F . and Jerry C . Scutts . Bell P-39 Airacobra . Ramsbury , Marlborough , Wiltshire , UK : The Crowood Press Ltd . , ISBN348-1 . Drabkin , Artem . The Red Air Force at War : Barbarossa and the Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front . Barnsley , South Yorkshire , UK : Pen & Sword Military , ISBN563-3 . Fitzsimons , Bernard , editor . " Airacobra , Bell P-39 " . The Illustrated Encyclopedia ofh Century Weapons and Warfare , Volume New York : Columbia House , ISBN6175-0 . Green , William . War Planes of the Second World War , Volume London : Macdonald & Co.,h Edition , ISBN01448-7 . Green , William and Gordon Swanborough . WW2 Aircraft Fact Files : U . S . Army Air Force Fighters , Part London : Macdonald and Jane's , ISBN08218-0 . Gueli , Marco . " Gli Airacobra Italiani " ( in Italian ) . Storia Militare n.132 , September Gunston , Bill . Aircraft of World War London : Octopus Books Limited , ISBN1287-7 . Hardesty , Von . Red Phoenix : The Rise of Soviet Air Power1945 . Washington , D.C . : Smithsonian Institution,( first edition ISBN510-1 . Hoover , R.A . and Mark Shaw . Forever Flying . New York : Pocket Books , ISBN671-53761-6 . Johnsen , Frederick A . Bell P-39/P-63 Airacobra & Kingcobra . St . Paul , Minnesota : Voyageur Press , ISBN010-8 . Johnson , Brian and Terry Heffernan . A Most Secret Place : Boscombe Down45 . London : Jane's Publishing Company Limited , ISBN0203-0 Juszczak , Artur and Robert Pęczkowski . Bell P-39 Airacobra ( in Polish ) . Sandomierz , Poland/Redbourn , UK : Mushroom Model Publications , ISBN9-2 . Kelsey , Benjamin S . The Dragon's Teeth ? : The Creation of United States Air Power for World War II . Washington , D.C . : Smithsonian Institution Press , ISBN574-8 . Kinzey , Bert . P-39 Airacobra in Detail , D&S Vol . Carrollton , Texas : Squadron/Signal Publications , Inc . , ISBN16-8 . Lednicer , David A . " Aerodynamics of the Bell P-39 Airacobra and P-63 Kingcobra . " SAE paper167 . Warrendale , Pennsylvania : SAE International, May Loza , Dmitriy and James F . Gebhardt , editor and translator . Attack of the Airacobras : Soviet Aces , American P-39s & the Air War Against Germany . Lawrence , Kansas : University Press of Kansas , ISBN1140-1 . Mariinskiy , Evgeniy . Red Star Airacobra : Memoirs of a Soviet Fighter Ace45 . Solihull , UK : Helion and Company , ISBN78-7 . Mason , Francis K . Royal Air Force Fighters of World War Two , Volume One . Garden City , New York : Doubleday & Company Inc . , ISBN012-1 . Matthews , Birch . Cobra ! Bell Aircraft Corporation1946 . Atglen , Pennsylvania : Schiffer Publishing , ISBN911-3 . Mattioli , Marco . Bell P-39 Airacobra in Italian Service , Aviolibri Special( Bilingual Italian/English ) . Rome : IBN Editore , ISBN85-9 . McDowell , Ernest . P-39 Airacobra in Action , Aircraft No.43 . Carrollton , Texas : Squadron/Signal Publications , Inc . , ISBN102-4 . Mellinger , George and John Stanaway . P-39 Airacobra Aces of World War Botley , Oxford , UK : Osprey Publishing , ISBN204-0 . Mitchell , Rick . Airacobra Advantage : The Flying Cannon . The Complete Story of Bell Aircraft Corporation's P-39 Pursuit Fighter Plane . Missoula , Montana : Pictorial Histories Publishing Co.,( second printing ISBN62-5 . Morgan , Hugh . Gli assi Sovietici della Seconda guerra mondiale ( in Italian ) . Rome : Edizioni del Prado/Osprey Aviation , ISBN203-8 Park , Edwards . Nanette , Her Pilot's Love Story . Washington , D.C . : Smithsonian Institution Press,d edition ISBN737-6 . Pearcy , Arthur . Flying the Frontiers : NACA and NASA Experimental Aircraft . Annapolis , Maryland : Naval Institute Press , ISBN258-7 . Pejčoch , Ivo . Bojové Legendy : P-39 Airacobra ( in Czech ) . Prague , Czech Republic : Jan Vašut s.r.o . , ISBN7236-573-9 . Roman , Valerij . Aerokobry vstupayut v boy ( ' Airacobras enter combat ') , Белл P-400, P-39D-1 , P-39D-2 ( " Avia-retro " series( in Ukrainian ) . Kiev , Ukraine : Aero-Hobby , ISBN5170-3 . Roman , Valerij . Aerokobry nad Kuban' yu ( Airacobras over Kuban ') , P-39 K , L и M ( " Avia-retro " series( in Ukrainian ) . Kiev , Ukraine : Aero-Hobby , ISBN0-9 . Tomalik , Jacek . Bell P-39 Airacobra Cz.1 , Monografie Lotnicze( in Polish ) . Gdańsk , Poland : AJ-Press , ISBN032-X . Tomalik , Jacek . Bell P-63 Kingcobra , XFL-1 Airabonita , P-39 Airacobra Cz.2 , Monografie Lotnicze( in Polish ) . Gdańsk , Poland : AJ-Press , ISBN034-6 . United States Air Force Museum Guidebook . Wright-Patterson AFB , Ohio : Air Force Museum Foundation , Williams , Neil . Aerobatics . New York : St . Martin’s Press , ISBN9504543-0-6 . Woods , Robert J . “ Why a Rear Engine Installation , ” Parts I and II . Aviation , March and April Pranala luar Manual: Pilot’s Flight Operating Instructions for Army Model P-39Q-1 Airplane " World's Deadliest Fighting Ship " , Popular Science , Novemberfirst large article on P-39 published in U.S . for general public magazine cover art of P-39 P-39 Airacobra by Joe Baugher XFL-1 Airabonita Bell P-39 Airacobra at acepilots.com " Soviet use more description of the Loza reference and use of P-39 for air superiority " at acepilots.com [ http://www.quarry.nildram.co.uk/WW2guneffect.htm " Aircraft guns of WWII at nildram.co.uk ] The Bell XP-39 Airacobra " Giant Killer ! " aadvertisement for the Airacobra in Flight '' " The Bell Caribou – Latest Information on this Ultra-modern American Fighter . " Flight , " An Airacobra squadron . " Flight , " Conventional and unconventional . " Flight ,