title: Задания письменной части ОГЭ по английскому языку "Раздел «Лексика»"

extracted_text:
Задания письменной части ОГЭ по английскому языку. Раздел «Лексика»

Автор: Гордеева Наталья Филипповна

Practice:
Mum wants to buy a new sofa for the sitting room.  So, yesterday,   we
went to the largest furniture store in the city.  Mum's friend, who is a
___________, recommended that store as the best in the city. However, we  		         DESIGN
didn’t buy anything because Mum couldn't make a ____________________		          DECIDE
about what she liked best. There were sofas in _______________________ 	              TRADITION
and modern styles. They were presented in ________________ colours and		           DIFFER
patterns. The shop assistant was very ___________________. She patiently 			   HELP
showed us one model after another. At last Mum chose one of them, but,
______________________, they didn’t have	that model    in her favourite 	       FORTUNATELY
colour.

Last spring my best friend Isabelle and I booked a holiday in Venice. We
rented a small apartment for a week with a ____________view of the town.	       	       WONDER
At the last moment another friend, Linda, asked if she could come with us.
She was a _________________, cheerful girl and we were glad to have her. 	                      FRIEND
join us. Venice was a _____________ place and we enjoyed our trip greatly.	                   FANTASY
Linda was fond of history and she told us lots of _________________ facts	                 INTEREST
about the town. We also liked the Italian food very much. The waiter in the
nearby pizzeria was a boy from Britain, so we never had any problems with
__________________. 	                 						     COMMUNICATE
The only __________________ thing about Venice was the weather. It was             	    PLEASANT
unusually cold and windy that week.

Learning languages is becoming a popular hobby with children and.
adults. It’s not only interesting but very __________________, too. Foreign 	   	     USE
languages improve memory and develop _____________________. People	     	       IMAGINE
who are able to speak two or more languages _______________are usually	        	         FLUENT
more successful than their monolingual colleagues. They are better in
making business and ________________________ contacts. They are more 	         PERSON
_____________________ and they are better in solving conflicts as they are	         	        CREATE
able to accept new ideas and different points of view. Foreign languages
make life more __________________ and colourful.					     INTEREST

There are pills for everything. If you can't sleep you take a pill. If you're
depressed or just  _________________, you can also take a pill. These days			HAPPY
scientists are developing a new pill that you can use for improving your
_______________. It will have the same effect on people’s bodies as doing 			       FIT
sports. The ________________ experiments on mice have given wonderful 	   	        SCIENCE
results.  The animals got stronger and healthier without any exercise.
However, some doctors think that such pills can be ___________________      	        DANGER
for health, especially in certain situations. The problem is that there will be
people who may use the pill unwisely. For example, young girls who want
to lose weight and get slim may take several pills at once. It will be very
____________________ for their health.That’s why our government should		             HARM
think a lot before making the__________________ that allows the medicine 	          DECIDE
to be produced.
Siem Reap is a small town in Cambodia, a country in southeast Asia. It
is built around a __________________cathedral. The town is charming with	 	   	  FAME
some fine examples of French colonial architecture. A legend says that a
French _____________________once called the town “a pearl of Cambodi”.   		WRITE
Nowadays, this town is quite popular with tourists. They often use it as a
starting point for their    _____________________   travellings. The town is	 	          EXCITE
really remarkable. There you will find some _____________________stone	         	        IMPRESS
monuments and statues, ancient buildings and picturesque ruins. Note that it
is _________________ hot there in the summer. Please ensure that you take		 	USUAL
_____________________walking shoes, light clothing and  plenty of water		     COMFORT
to drink.

The city of St Davids is situated on the south-west coast of Wales. If
you're looking for an _______________  place to go, this is your destination.		USUAL
It was granted city status by Queen Elizabeth II but in reality St Davids
looks like an ___________________ small village. It is actually the smallest                  ATTRACT
city in Britain with a _____________________ of just over 1,600. 	              	    POPULATE
St Davids has a __________________ medieval cathedral which dates back 		         BEAUTY
to the 12th century. Today it is a ___________________  place with narrow                     CHARM
streets  filled with cafes, hotels and art galleries – but only one pub!
St Davids is famous for its sandy beaches and clear water. Whitesands Bay
is a regular _______________ of the prestigious European Blue Flag award.            	                 WIN

People travel a lot nowadays. Planes are considered to be the most
_________________ means of transport but for some people airports can be 	     COMFORT
a nightmare. There are ______________ queues when you check in and you	                 	     END
waste lots of time if your flight is delayed. However, there are some airports
where you can _______________ enjoy yourself. For example, you’ll never 	         ACTUAL
be bored at Hong Kong’s international airport. There are thousands of
people from ___________________ countries here but the passengers never 	           DIFFER
experience any problems because everything is well organised. There are
attendants in red coats, who help you get from one place to another. It is
very good for people with no sense of _________________ . The attendants 	          DIRECT
are always very polite and ___________________. 	                                                              HELP

Axel is a 9-year-old Bulgarian orphan (сирота). He was adopted by
a __________________________  western family. His new father works as	                   WEALTH
a __________________ in Sweden and he is quite rich. 		   	  		  BANK
Axel ___________________ wrote e-mails to the director of the orphanage, 	      REGULAR
Jane  Smitova.   He told her that he was saving his Christmas and birthday
money to help his friends. Axel said that he wanted the money to be spent
on presents for his former playmates.   Later Jane said   “I understood that
____________________  meant a lot to a small boy but I would never have 	          	         FRIEND
imagined that Axel could be talking about such an ____________________ 		      POSSIBLE
sum of money.  It’s so touching and we are going to spend it in a very
__________________ way." The boy saved £6,000. 				                         CARE

Last year my friend Mia and I went on holiday to Thailand.  We stayed
in a ________________ resort which is popular with tourists. We were very			  FAME
___________________  with the weather and we spent most of our days on			  LUCK
the beach. The ocean was ___________________ – the water was clear and 		       FANTASY
warm. Thailand is a former French colony and that’s why French is very
popular there. Mia was delighted with this fact because she learns French,
she wants to be a ______________________ of French, and she was able to 		TEACH
practise the language there.   She is also interested in architecture and she
found some fine examples of the French colonial style in Thailand. It was
an _____________________ trip for me too. I am a photographer and I took          FORGETTABLE
lots of pictures of people and nature.   Several magazines found my photos
_________________________  enough to publish. I feel very proud of that. 	     INTEREST

Ratatouille is an American cartoon. The name of the cartoon comes
from a  ________________________  French dish made of vegetables.  The	              TRADITION
main character is a rat Remy, who is interested in cooking and dreams of
becoming a ___________________ chef. Remy is separated from his family	       	       SUCCESS
at the ______________________ of the movie. So he finds himself in Paris,          	             BEGIN
France. There his unusual _____________________ with a poor boy begins.	          FRIEND
They both don’t care that most people hate rats and try to get rid of them.
Remy wants to help the boy. He tries to teach him how to cook __________			 TASTE
dishes.
The story ends __________________  and the friends start a new restaurant. 		HAPPY

Many tourists don't like staying in city hotels. They prefer to avoid
_____________________   cities completely.   They are attracted instead to 		   	 NOISE
dramatic views of mountains and ______________________ valleys. If you		 	PEACE
like this sort of tourism, Mountain View Camp is for you. You’ll have an
__________________________ vacation there.	 		                   FORGETTABLE
The Camp has a view over the ______________________ Hampson Valley.	                    IMPRESS
In the camp, tourists can rent either tents or bungalows. All the guests have
free access to different facilities such as kitchens, bathrooms and
playgrounds for children. The camp is a successful ____________________	                  COMBINE
of both comfort and a green environment.The tourists can also have lunch in
one of the many restaurants and try different _________________  cuisines.		          NATION

How do people learn the news?  About a century ago people got
 ______________________ from newspapers since they were the only mass		         INFORM
media that existed in those times. Radio and television seemed
______________________  inventions as they broadcasted audio and visual	                   WONDER
images. The Internet has changed the situation dramatically.  Now the
audience has an opportunity to create the news, share their______________ 		         PERSON
knowledge and express their opinions. The Internet supposes interaction,
which makes it very  _________________________  to people.   And what 		      ATTRACT
about the newspapers? Will they  __________________  in the near future? 	                     APPEAR
I wish they wouldn’t as I like starting my day with a cup of coffee and a
______________________ newspaper.						              TRADITION

What do you think is the most stressful and ______________________		        DANGER
job in Britain? Is it a police officer, a detective or a news ______________? 	         REPORT
Well, statistics say it is a London taxi driver. It is a ____________________			   REAL
hard job as traffic is getting worse.  If we sit in a traffic jam for a few
minutes, we start feeling ___________________  and irritated. But imagine	  		NERVE
you had to do that every day as your job!
And you have to remain ____________  and attentive in spite of everything. 	              CARE
London taxi drivers have to have a good memory to be able to take a
__________________ from A to B without looking at the map or asking for 	         TRAVEL
directions.

People spend hours talking on their mobile phones. There is an opinion
that it may be  _____________________ to their health, but it is difficult to			HARM
know for sure.   Some research shows that mobile phones may cause brain
problems. On the other hand, some doctors say mobiles are not
___________________________at all. No matter what doctors say, it’s just	                   DANGER
___________________ to live without a mobile phone today. It has become 	      POSSIBLE
a very _________________ device and people can’t do without it. It makes 			      USE
our life  ______________________  and saves time. People can get in touch                  COMFORT
with each other quickly. Mobile phones make   __________________ easier.      COMMUNICATE

Dublin is the capital city of the Republic of Ireland. It has an
______________________  airport with flights from London and European 		    NATIONAL
capitals. Dublin is a  ___________________   and cosmopolitan city. If you		         BEAUTY
walk along its central streets, you will find a wide range of  _____________ 	           DIFFER
shops, bars and restaurants. If you like sightseeing, you can visit the famous
Dublin castle, one of the most ____________________ buildings in the city.	        IMPRESS
Dublin is a green city.It is such a pleasure to walk there on a hot _________      		      SUN
day. In the evening you can listen to______________________  Irish music 	  TRADITION
played in the streets and in the pubs.

Every year the world goes dark for one hour, the Earth Hour. The event
is organized by the   _______________________ World Wildlife Fund.  At 	          	          NATION
tourist destinations, in offices and private homes, lights are switched off for
one hour at  ______________________   8:00 pm.  The idea is to show that 			EXACT
our planet is in danger and it needs care and   _______________________ .                   PROTECT
It's _______________ to remain indifferent to changes in the climate which	      	      POSSIBLE
go on and on.  The Earth Hour is not about saving an hour’s electricity.  It’s
about realising that we live on a ______________________ planet and need 	       WONDER
to look after it – not just for an hour a year but every day. The Earth Hour is
a part of an   _____________________ education campaign whose aim is to	                 ECOLOGY
make people understand their responsibility to the planet.

  London is famous for its history and its sights.   It is also a wonderful
place for shopaholics. There are lots of ___________________ places to go. 	           DIFFER
For example, you can go to Oxford Street. Sometimes it gets too  ________        	          CROWD
and noisy, especially during the sales.  If you don’t like it,  go to Covent
Garden. There you can have a _______________ cup of tea or a cappuccino	                          LOVE
in a quiet coffee house. You can also watch a street  ______________ there. 	     PERFORM
Portobello Road is the right place to go if you want to buy unique and
 __________________________   things.  Shopping in London is always an			USUAL
___________________ experience and it’s worth trying.   				          EXCITE

The Turners weren’t used to snow.The most they ever got in Birmingham
was an inch or so each winter. Even that happened quite _______________. 		  RARE
The _____________  thing was that a tiny bit of snow was enough to cancel 	     	     FUN
school and even to close some businesses.  One night,  in March of  1993,
something very _________________  happened. Very cold air from Canada	 	          EXCITE
created the ‘Storm of the Century’. When the Turner kids woke up on Satur-
day morning, there were 17 inches of  __________________  snow as far as	                   WONDER
the eye could see. The Turners were in shock.  They had no idea what to do.
Though Mr. Turner was an experienced ______________  he chose to leave 	             DRIVE
his car in the garage. He wanted the whole family to stay at home but it was
natural for the kids to _______________ with him. They put on the warmest 		AGREE
clothes they had and ran 	outside to enjoy the snow.

Dr Michael Werner says that he has eaten nothing for four years.   The
German _____________________  explains that he gets all his energy from		        SCIENCE
sunlight.He says he drinks only water and _________________  fruit juices. 	           DIFFER
Dr Werner has written an  _________________  book about his experiences.	          EXCITE
In it he mentions that when he started the experiment he even put on weight.
He says: "I can't really give an  ___________________ of what’s happening		        EXPLAIN
to me; perhaps I just believe in my theory."
Dr Werner’s colleagues say that only plants can produce energy from the
sun, and they cannot explain how he is able to stay  ___________________.                     HEALTH
“This case, __________________,  needs a lot more research before we will 	    PROBABLE
be able to explain it.” they say.

Millions of people want to learn English.  There are lots of
_____________________  methods and the main problem is how to choose 		           DIFFER
the best one. Some people believe that the most  __________________ way	                      EFFECT
is to study English in Britain or in any other English-speaking country.  The
advantage of going to Britain seems obvious.   Everyone around you speaks
English. It’s practically _____________________  to avoid communication,		      POSSIBLE
so you’ll learn English	_____________________ . On the other hand, one 	  		QUICK
can learn English at home.  There are lots of possibilities there too:  a good
____________________, a language school or an on-line course.  There are			TEACH
many ways to get a good language ____________________ now.  		      	      EDUCATE

If someone asks what your nationality is, how do you answer?  For
British people ___________________  identity is a complex issue. Take me	        	          NATION
for example. I carry a passport issued by the British___________________. 	                    GOVERN
I was born in England,  but my Mum is Scottish and my Granny is from
Northern Ireland. So what am I? ____________________ , I am all of them: 	         ACTUAL
English, Irish, Scottish and British. Each of the ‘nations’ has a lot in
common but they also have their own unique culture and _______________ 	  TRADITION
lifestyle. They  _____________________  it when people call them English.			    LIKE
And perhaps the most important ___________________ of all – each nation 	           DIFFER
has its own football team!

Reading is one of the most popular pastimes and books are one of the
main sources of knowledge.  Everyone knows this but, ________________, 	       FORTUNATELY
there are many young people who don’t like to read.   They say it is not cool
but I firmly __________________ with them. Books have the ability to take			AGREE
you to another world, to wake up your ___________________ and transport 	       IMAGINE
 you to places you’ve never been to. Books can be __________________  in 	           DIFFER
size and content. 	Their stories can be  _________________, scary, romantic                       EXCITE
or funny but above all, books are just interesting. I'm absolutely sure that
books by a good __________________ will always be popular.				WRITE

Piranhas are South American fish. There are lots of scary stories about
them. Most people think that piranhas are very _______________  creatures. 	        DANGER
However, a ______________ from St Andrews University, Anne Magurran,   	        SCIENCE
has recently announced that to call piranhas cruel killers is not fair. They
____________________ eat fish, plants and insects. According to Professor			USUAL
Anne Magurran,  piranhas attack people and animals only when they want
to defend themselves. However, most travellers strongly  _______________		           AGREE
with this point of view. They recommend keeping away from the water
where piranhas live. When the fish attack in groups, it is practically
___________________  to survive. Whatever your opinion of piranhas, this		      POSSIBLE
is a ___________________ piece of advice one should follow.

People are afraid of lots of things. There are many  ________________ 		           DIFFER
 kinds of fears called phobias. They affect at least a quarter of the
 ______________________.      							    POPULATE
The ___________________  treatment for people with strong phobias is some 	  TRADITION
kind of therapy.  In most cases it doesn’t work but doctors still believe that
phobias can be cured. _____________________  they have discovered a drug 	         RECENT
which can help people to overcome their phobias. It doesn’t work for
everybody but when it does, it is very _____________________. People, who	          EFFECT
take the pill feel much better – most of their fears ______________________.    	         APPEAR

Jenny doesn’t have many friends, but she has lots of books. Jenny likes
fantasy stories best. She has a rich ____________________ which takes her  	       IMAGINE
to magical lands. Jenny often feels like she is a part of the story. She enjoys
being in someone else's shoes, living in an  __________________________	    	    ABSOLUTE
different world.  When reading, Jenny may turn into a princess or become a
mountain ______________________.       						      EXPLORE
She can see ________________ creatures and amazing places with her own  	       FANTASY
eyes. Books are ideal friends for Jenny. They are entertaining and helpful.
They can give her some _____________________ advice when she needs it 	     PRACTICE
and keep quiet when she doesn’t want to communicate.  Books never
____________________ with her and they never argue.					AGREE

It all started in 1865.  A group of Frenchmen were having dinner in one
of the most __________________  restaurants near Paris. They talked about                    FASHION
the democratic changes in the USA and wanted to support the American
people. After a short __________________  they agreed on an original idea.		         DISCUSS
The idea was suggested by Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor and
______________________  .  He said they could make a statue of a woman		          DESIGN
holding the torch of freedom.  It was an ambitious project and it was
 _____________________  to complete it quickly.  It actually took 21 years		      POSSIBLE
for this idea to become a reality.  The French people raised money to build
the statue, and, ______________________, in 1886 it was ready. On July 4,		             FINAL
1886 the United States received their   ________________________  gift – 		           AMAZE
the Statue of Liberty!

The Grand National is a horse race which is held every year in
Liverpool. This _____________________  involves a four-mile race, during		     COMPETE
which the horses have to go over 30 fences.  The most _________________ 		  FAME
horse in the Grand National was called 'Red Rum'. He was the  __________	 		     WIN
of the race three times during the 1970s. The race is not only a sporting
event but a ___________________  social event too. Men and women wear		       FASHION
beautiful clothes, and the tickets to the race are very  __________________. 	       EXPENSE
The Grand National is broadcast all over the world and around 500 to 600
million people watch it. However, though there are lots of horse racing fans,
many people think it’s __________________  and cruel to make the animals 		    FAIR
race and jump for	  people’s entertainment.

Last year, I became a volunteer in a charity shop.   It was an
______________  job for me - I had never been involved with charities. Our 		USUAL
shop raised money to provide medical care for anyone suffering from any
_____________________ . The job was not easy but I enjoyed it very much. 		       ILL
All my colleagues were very helpful. Their ________________ and support 	          FRIEND
meant a lot to me. Andrew, my boss and _________________,  was a smart 		       MANAGE
and well-organized person.   He kept saying that we had no right to be
indifferent or  _________________  because people’s lives depended on us. 		  CARE
Working in the charity shop, I have met some very interesting people and
have learnt a lot of practical skills. Volunteering has equipped me with
experience which I’m sure will be ______________________ for my future.   		      USE
Lots of companies do business online.  They sell goods and services,
or provide  ________________ to the general public. Doing business online		         INFORM
is less _________________  and more convenient than running a traditional	       	       EXPENSE
business, with offices and lots of employees.    Surprisingly enough, there
are lots of very young people among online businessmen. In spite of their
age, they are quite _____________________ and professional. For example,	        SUCCESS
Ben Collins started his own online company when he was ______________ 			   REAL
young. He was only 17.  	He says, “My business is ____________________-		    NATIONAL
we work with people from different countries.  In a real office,  some people
would _______________________ that someone of my age could be a boss,	 	AGREE
but when I work online, nobody cares how old I am.”

Last year I learnt Spanish in Barcelona. Spain is a _________________		           AMAZE
country and I enjoyed my time there very much.  My flatmates were two
girls from Germany. They were nice but ___________________   was a real      COMMUNICATE
problem for us because I didn’t speak German and they didn’t speak
English, my first language. Sometimes we felt absolutely  ______________ 			   HELP
 because we were not able to understand each other. However, it gave us
additional motivation to learn Spanish! Very soon my teacher told me that I
was speaking it _____________________.  He was happy with my progress		         FLUENT
My flatmates’ grades were _________________ too! It proved that practice	 	        IMPRESS
is  very important  and if you want to speak a foreign language  like a native
__________________, you should practise it a lot. 		 				SPEAK

At school,  writing essays was a real problem for me,  and my grades
were always low.  ___________________  enough, I didn’t like writing and 	      NATURAL
tried to avoid writing lessons at all costs.  I thought I didn’t have enough
 _____________________  for any kind of writing.  I only understood what 		       IMAGINE
my problem was after school. In a ___________________   journal I saw an       	        SCIENCE
article about children’s writing problems. The author claimed that anyone
could become a good ________________  if they learned some rules. I read			WRITE
and reread the article several times. Then I tried to use the information in
practice. I have never become a professional journalist but from time to time
time I publish some pieces of my __________________ writing on my blog. 	         CREATE
My friends find these essays and stories very ________________________. 		ENJOY

  Last year I decided to take an English course in Britain.  When I called
the language school, the ___________________ explained to me everything 	       MANAGE
about the school and the courses. They had an  __________________  range		        IMPRESS
of courses  -  for all levels and ages.  As for the accommodation,  there were
two options: staying in a student hostel or living with a host family.
Naturally enough, I wanted to choose the _______________  community of 		    NATIONAL
the hostel. However, because of my parents’ strong ___________________	           AGREEMENT
with my choice,  I had to stay with the host family.  And I didn’t regret it!
My host family was ___________________.  They told me a lot about their 		       WONDER
country and were very curious about mine. We talked a lot and when I came
back home, I could speak English ___________________!                                                  FLUENT

I arrived in Liverpool in the afternoon. It was a _____________day but 			    RAIN
the weather couldn’t spoil my excellent mood  -  I was in Liverpool!   Many
people associate this city with the _____________musical band, the Beatles. 		  FAME
It’s true, the Beatles are everywhere, but today it’s also ________________	  	      POSSIBLE
to imagine Liverpool without its other great passion:  football!  The city is
home to two teams: Liverpool and Everton.   Everton is older and was more
________________   in the past, but since the 1990s it has been Liverpool’s	        	        SUCCESS
time to shine. I’ve been Liverpool’s ________________  since I was a small		       SUPPORT
boy. The team is based at the Anfield Stadium. I have watched games there
twice.  It was very ________________________ and it was one of the most        	          EXCITE
important memories of my childhood.

The 5th of November is Guy Fawkes Night.  This holiday is also known
as Bonfire Night as lighting bonfires is an essential part of the
_______________________.   	 							 CELEBRATE
_______________________, it’s one of the favourite holidays for children- 		      NATURAL
they simply can’t miss the firework display. Most parents allow their
children to stay outdoors till late at night. It would be  _________________		    	    FAIR
to make them stay at home when the sky is lit up with colours.  However,
children should never be left on their own  -  bonfires and fireworks are
potentially _____________________. Emergency reports say the number of		        DANGER
people needing medical care increases on this night. Some of them are
______________________ with fire. In spite of the excitement, the children 	              CARE
may also catch a cold on this November night.  Warm jumpers,  coats and
gloves are more ______________________ than ever.						      USE

I’ve worked in an office for many years. It’s a very  ________________ 	           STRESS
job and recently I’ve taken up a new hobby  -  gardening.   My grandmother
was a very good ____________________.  She never did gardening as a job	       	        GARDEN
but for pleasure and  ___________________ . She had the so-called     	              ENTERTAIN
green fingers - the flowers and fruit trees she planted grew very  _________. 		QUICK
I wish I were as skillful as she was.  It’s a pity my family does not share my
interest. My children __________________ working outdoors.		    	    	    LIKE
They prefer using the computer indoors. I don’t argue with them. Arguing
and quarrelling makes me feel _________________and unhappy but cannot			NERVE
change the situation. I hope one day they will join me in the garden.

There is a popular opinion that all children are talented. It’s true –
children are curious and have a good ________________________. It helps     	       IMAGINE
them make ______________________ things from very routine objects like	                      AMAZE
stones, leaves, or strips of fabric.  Coloured paper,  watercolours and pencils
pencils stimulate their  _____________________ minds a lot too! However, 	         CREATE
sometimes parents may _____________________ of their children’s artistic       	      APPROVE
activities like drawing on the walls and indoor experiments with fireworks.
But  _________________  is not a good solution!  Any art activity develops	                      PUNISH
children’s brains and stimulates their ability in science. Be ______________	    	              CARE
with your children’s natural talents.   Never stop them doing an activity but
instead create an appropriate and safe environment for it.
Early in her reign,  Queen Victoria and her husband,  Prince Albert, had
a plan to hold a great world-wide exhibition of modern art and design. Sir
Joseph Paxton, a botanist and landscape   ____________________, won the		          DESIGN
competition to create the central exhibition hall. The  __________________			 BUILD
he produced is still admired by 	architects today.  Although at that time
many thought it was  _________________ to realize such a project. In 1851,	      POSSIBLE
Paxton constructed his Crystal Palace – an ___________________ glass and                           AMAZE
iron pavilion,  over a third of a mile long,  with 800,000 square feet of floor
space.  The construction was an ultramodern iron frame with glass panels.
The exhibition was very ____________________  – it drew over six million		       SUCCESS
visitors. ______________________, it was taken apart in 1854. 		       UNFORTUNATE

Ecotourism is getting more and more popular.  It offers two things
at once: ____________________ and entertainment. Most people agree that	     	      EDUCATE
ecotourism is the most ____________________ branch of tourism. It makes		           	 HARM
profit without destroying ____________________  resources. When tourists      	         NATURE
choose eco trips, 	they stay in local houses with local people, not in
 _______________________ hotels. They travel on foot, by boat, bicycle or 	       EXPENSE
elephant to avoid pollution. However, such trips are not at all cheap.  This is
________________________  the only disadvantage. But you can apply the	   	    PROBABLE
principles of ecotourism every time you go on a normal holiday. You should
remember that you're only a _______________ and be as careful as possible. 		   VISIT

Ray Kurzweil is a very popular figure in the field of science. He is a
leading computer  ___________________ who has made lots of predictions 		        SCIENCE
about the future of humanity. So far he has written six books about artificial
intelligence, and four of them have become  _________________________		          NATION
best sellers in the USA. Ray strongly believes that soon computer
intelligence will be a billion times more  _____________________ than the 		          POWER
human brain.  However, lots of experts don’t believe it and say that it is
absolutely ____________________. Kurzweil disagrees with them and says     	      POSSIBLE
that we are already a human-machine civilization. We already use high level
technology to diagnose diseases, provide ________________________, and		      EDUCATE
develop new technologies.  Kurzweil thinks that by 2030, computers will do
more __________________  tasks. They will be able to understand ordinary		        IMPRESS
spoken language and show emotions.

The Nobel Prize is a very prestigious award. Alfred Nobel, a successful
businessman and the __________________ of explosives, established prizes		         INVENT
for achievements in science, literature and economics. Another award, the
Oscar, is  ___________________ the most famous prize in the film industry.	  PROBABLE
The ceremony is an  ______________________ event with lots of film stars. 	      IMPRESS
There are lots of musical awards  –  Grammies,  Brits, and the MTV awards
for music, the list is ________________________. 						   END
In Britain,  a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their novel
at the top of the bestseller lists and compete with   ‘The Da Vinci Code’  for
________________.  The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary           	    POPULAR
artists, and each year it causes heated discussions.   Artists get lots of money
for their ___________________ and sometimes even strange works. 				USUAL
Scientists have found that there is a direct ________________ between        	      CONNECT
sunshine and our good mood.  They noticed that people are kinder and more
________________________  and easy-going when the sun is out. Sunlight		 	   HELP
_________________  improves negative moods and makes us feel less tired   	      DEFINITE
and more energetic.   On the other hand,  very hot weather may cause strong
________________ . As a result,  we may feel depressed, irritated and even 		     COMFORT
aggressive. On ___________ days people say they're less satisfied with their	    		    RAIN
lives.  But whatever the weather is, it’s important to spend enough time
outdoors. Fresh air and sports can make any day feel __________________!         	       FANTASY

'Surfers Against Sewage' (SAS) was founded in 1990 by water sports
enthusiasts in the UK. They are an environmental _____________________	    	    ORGANIZE
that tries to protect the UK’s oceans and beaches.  They say that it may be
really ______________________ to swim in the seas, and even sunbathe on 	    	    RISK
the beaches because of the pollution. When SAS appeared, it informed
people about the problem in quite an  ______________________ way. They 		USUAL
went to public events with their surfboards and handed out leaflets.  They
_______________________ attracted the attention of the media and people			QUICK
of Britain. They even managed to put pressure on the __________________        	        GOVERN
to forbid dumping waste in the sea, rivers and lakes.  The campaign was
indeed ___________________. Officials agreed to spend 8.5 billion pounds       	        SUCCESS
on cleaning up Britain’s seas and rivers.

Shepherd’s pie started as an old English recipe. The pie gained
___________________ in the Middle Ages. During the reign of Elizabeth I, 	      POPULAR
mince meat pie became a must- have food, probably,  because it was easy to
cook, _______________________ and tasty.Until the 16th century potatoes 		        HEALTH
were _________________ known as pig food. But later they were accepted		   	   MAIN
as a ________________ food in Europe. The Shepherd’s pie recipe changed	   		   BASE
to include potatoes as an ingredient. And the fame of the dish doubled.
Now Shepherd’s pie is considered to be a  _____________________ British 	  TRADITION
food but similar recipes can be found in other countries,   although they may
have different names. In Canada, for example, a ____________________ in			  WAIT
a restaurant would present it to tourists as Chinese pie.

The festival of Halloween has its roots in Celtic traditions.  Over 2,000
years ago the Celts in Britain had a special holiday in late October to mark
the ____________________ of winter.							 	 BEGIN
Another autumn  ___________________ was connected with the passing of               CELEBRATE
the dead. These two events later became Halloween. On Halloween children
often dress up as ghosts,  witches and monsters and go around people's
houses, asking for sweets. In most cases the ghosts and witches are not
frightening at all, they are even _______________________! But remember 		      FUN
that if the children don’t get the sweets, they may play some ____________ 		    PLEASANT
joke, for example splash some water on you. Pumpkins also  ____________  	        SYMBOL
Halloween. People  ________________________ make lanterns from them. 		USUAL

There are lots of products that help us fight bad moods and
depression. If you feel down and  ______________________, just get a bar 			 SLEEP
of dark chocolate from the fridge.  Chocolate will improve your mood and
you’ll feel __________________and happy again.       					CHEER
This _________________ is often used in chocolate adverts. Unfortunately,	  	         INFORM
we can’t use this method too often. The positive effect does not last long.
Meanwhile chocolate is not ________________________  food. It contains			 HARM
fat and sugar which can make you overweight. Some people may also be
allergic to chocolate and it can affect their __________________________,	         	         APPEAR
causing skin problems. The alternative and __________________________ 	    	    ABSOLUTE
safe method to fight depression is doing sport.   It can be recommended to
everyone!

  People in Britain often talk about climate and weather.  They usually
complain about their _____________________ weather. However, there are 	        CHANGE
parts of the world where extreme weather causes real dangers to the
_______________________.	    							    POPULATE
Sandstorms, tornadoes and floods _____________________  cause massive		      REGULAR
destruction. Lots of people become _______________________. To prevent		 HOME
this destruction,  it’s important to forecast disasters in advance.  Japan is the
world ______________________  in using new technology for this purpose. 	  	   LEAD
The Japanese have also worked out an _______________________  system 		          EFFECT
of  informing people: phone companies automatically notify their customers
about emergencies and disasters. These warnings are very efficient, and free
of charge.

Ireland is the country of myths and legends.   Even the local people are
not sure which of them were based on facts and which are the product of
someone’s  __________________________  imagination.  Leprechauns are 		         CREATE
_____________________ the most famous characters from Irish mythology. 	    PROBABLE
They are depicted as old bearded men. Their  ________________________	         RESPONSIBLE
is to guard the treasure of the  fairies. Unfortunately, rainbows always point
to the ____________________ of the treasure and Leprechauns must rehide		         LOCATE
it. And here are plenty of rainbows in Ireland!  Leprechauns are always busy.
They are always very  _________________ and try to be invisible to people.		  CARE
But if you manage to catch some  _____________________ Leprechaun, he	           	           LUCKY
must either give you his treasure or grant you three wishes.

My friend, Mary, is an extraordinary girl.   She has always tried new
things  –  new sports and new hobbies.   She says life should be
___________________	and it should change all the time. 				     INTEREST
Now she has a new idea –  she wants to be a firefighter. You may say that it
is not a job for girls, but Mary will  ______________________ with this. In 			AGREE
her opinion, putting out fires is a ___________________ job but women are 	        DANGER
able to do it too.   She has enrolled in a special training school where they
learn skills and study firefighting ____________________. The teenagers in 		 EQUIP
the camp also learn how to work as a team, which is a very  _____________ 		      USE
skill wherever you work.  And Mary is sure her team will be effective in any
 ____________________________.   							        SITUATE
It’s obvious that language skills are essential for everyone today.
Foreign languages are very  ____________________ not only for travelling, 		    USE
 but also for studying and building a career. There are lots of ____________		         DIFFER
ways to learn a new language. However, everyone agrees that learning
languages is _________________ without dictionaries. The main job of any  	      POSSIBLE
dictionary is to explain what words mean.   This can be done via
_______________________ or the unknown word can be explained in other		 TRANSLATE
words.  It’s also good if the dictionary contains some examples of how the
word is used – it helps to understand the _______________________ much 			  MEAN
better. If you are a busy  ___________________, you probably prefer online		LEARN
dictionaries to paper ones.   Online dictionaries are very convenient to use if
you have Internet access.

Mark is an old friend of mine. I’m very proud of our friendship because
Mark is a very _______________________  person. He is very talented and 	     INTEREST
___________________.  He can play the piano and the violin and the guitar	        	         CREATE
He is a professional ________________ . He plays only but he is not for his 		MUSIC
family and friends. We have encouraged Mark to try singing too, but he
refuses and says he has an  __________________ voice. That is certainly to		    PLEASANT
not true – he has a nice voice, though he cannot sing very ______________. 		  LOUD
Now we are arranging a school band and I want to ask Mark 	to join it.
I think if he starts performing in public,  he’ll become a more confident and
more ____________________ person. 						        	        SUCCESS

Russia is a large country with great diversity in flora and fauna. There
are several large ____________________ parks in Russia. A lot of different 	          NATION
animals live there. Wolves are probably the best known, and are very well
studied animals, so we have enough  _______________ about their diet and 		         INFORM
behaviour. The wolf is a good _____________________. They usually hunt 		  HUNT
wild animals like deer and hares,but sometimes they can attack sheep, goats,
and cows. The wolf tries to avoid people and only goes into villages when
he is _________________________hungry.						 	   REAL
In some ______________________ tales, the wolf is often represented as  a	           	           RUSSIA
clever animal that helps the main character, Ivan.  The wolf is usually direct
and _______________ and helps Ivan to cope with many difficult problems.           	         CREATE

Not everyone likes street art. _________________ nobody asks owners’    	            USUAL
permission before drawing graffiti on their houses. Sometimes the drawings
may be ______________________ and nice but sometimes messy and ugly.		     INTEREST
What is graffiti – a form of art or vandalism? It depends on the drawing,
I think. A friend of mine, John, is a street ______________________.			     ART
He says that street art is a form of _________________________. 		     COMMUNICATE
A person can tell you nice or rude things, can’t he?    As for John, he is a
really nice and ____________________ person. 					         CREATE
He enjoys drawing ______________ characters from animated films. When	  	              VARY
my neighbours saw his drawings,   they asked him to paint some pictures on
the wall of their house. Just to make it look brighter and more positive.

What is the most eco-friendly transport? I believe it’s the bicycle.
There are a lot of bicycles on the streets of our town and that is probably
why it looks so green and ______________________. There are cycle lanes		         BEAUTY
all over the town so using your bike to get to school or to the office is safe
and convenient.   __________________________,   some people still prefer	       FORTUNATELY
driving cars even for short distances. They make the environment less
_____________________.  		       				       	        	        HEALTH
As for me, I enjoy riding my bike very much and all my friends say that I’m
a good _______________________. Next month I’m going to take part in a  		    RIDE
regional cycling   _______________________  and I hope to win it. 		     	     COMPETE
I don't think I will stop riding my bicycle till I’m  __________________ old. 	           	   REAL

Most graffiti street artists are anonymous.    However there are some
artists who have become globally  ____________________________ . Like			  FAME
the twin brothers from Brazil who call themselves Os Gemeos. They paint
everything from small images to huge,   ______________________ pictures		        COLOUR
of people on buildings.   Another celebrity among graffiti artists is Blek le
Rat from Paris. He paints pictures of ________________________   people. 		 HOME
In this way he hopes to encourage residents to think   __________________ 	        SERIOUS
about the problems of these people.  Another well-known artist is Faith 47
from Cape Town. She paints big bright pictures of people and animals.
The works of this  _______________________ can be found on pavements,			 PAINT
empty factory buildings, and abandoned cars. It is   ___________________ 		      POSSIBLE
to predict how street art will develop in the future but we can be sure that it
is here to stay!

Last weekend we enjoyed a city break in Chester, the  _____________ 		       HISTORY
ancient medieval town in the northwest of England.  The heart of town is the
___________________  of Victorian, Tudor and Gothic times. Chester is the		 ARCHITECT
county town of Cheshire.  Can you remember the Cheshire cat who
_______________  disappears in Lewis Carol’s books about Alice? The best    	              SLOW
way to enjoy the centre of Chester is on foot.  It is a small _______________	       CONVENIENCE
town ideal for walking.   It took us one and a half hour to walk along the top
of the city walls.  This central part of the town dates back to its __________ 			FOUND
as a fortress. Our ______________ city holiday was relaxing, fun and full of 			ENJOY
museums, tasty food and  unforgettable sightseeing. It was a journey through
time

Fashion is becoming younger. In 1928 an average   ________________ 	          	          DESIGN
worked  for women of all ages and styles.     Now old celebrities try to look
childish.    The fact is the young actresses have a charismatic charm and love
of fashion which make them the face and __________________  of different 		    PERSONAL
brands. For example, Selena Gomez has become the face of the __________ 			  FAME
brand Dolce & Gabanna.   Hailee Steinfeld is now the new face of Miu  Miu.
She calls it a brand for ________________ young  women. The Harry Potter 		      ATTRACT
star Emma Watson has now been recognized on ______________ magazines’	        NUMBER
“best dressed” lists. More than that, Watson has developed her own line with
Alberta Ferretti called Pure Threads, which has clothes made of __________ 		         NATURE
materials and fabric.
More than 200 species of squirrels are found all over the world.
Squirrels range in size from the African squirrels  which are 7 centimeters  in
_________________, to the giant Indian squirrels that are more than 1 meter.                          LONG
Grey squirrels are most common in Russia. They come in many __________ 	           DIFFER
colours, such as shades of grey, shades of brown or even black.
No matter where you live, city or suburb,  _____________ there are squirrels 	       CERTAIN
in your neighborhood.  These small ______________ rodents are common in 		     FUN
many parks.  Feeding squirrels can be a great source of _________________ 	 ENTERTAIN
for small children and even adults. In the wild, squirrels eat nuts, berries, and
mushrooms. They are also _______________  for getting into bird feeders to 		  FAME
eat seeds.

Kelly's family loved to watch football together.  Sometimes they
watched college games, but normally they watched   __________________		PROFESSION
teams play. This evening was special. Two teams were playing in the final
match of the  ____________________________. Kelly's favourite team had		   CHAMPION
actually got to the final this year, which  ____________________ happened. 		  RARE
"They're going to win for sure! It will be  ______________________ if they 		    FAIR
lose!" Kelly thought.
Watching the football game needed the presence of the whole family and
lots of tasty food. So Kelly's mum had made barbecue meatballs.
Uncle Jolyon had brought a  ___________________________ cheese sauce			  SPICE
and chips. Aunt Katie brought some cakes.When the game started, everyone
everyone cheered. It seemed to Kelly that every   _____________________ 			   PLAY
of her team was doing their best to win-win-win!  And they did!

As а child I loved reading story books.   It took you into another world;
one of fantasy where there was no school or homework. I remember one
particular book from my ______________________ very well.  It was called   		 CHILD
The Wind in the Willows and the __________________ were wonderful.  The                ILLUSTRATE
book was full of c5.5111olour and the characters,   which were all animals,
were very  ____________________ towards each other. The characters were	           	          FRIEND
a water rat,  a toad,  a mole  and a badger  who all  behaved  just like humans.
Mole,   Badger  and  Ratty the water rat are very relaxed,   lovable characters.
Toad is very ________________ but often gets into trouble because he loves 	        WEALTH
trying new hobbies.  At one point Toad ends up losing his  ______________ 		        POSSESS
but fortunately everything works out well in the end.

  They say that pop music is created by and for young people.  It often
happens this way. A young  _______________________  makes one or two			    SING
good records at the start of their career.  Every year, lots of new stars
become  __________________________  _  but for a short time. And just a 			  FAME
year or two later they either  __________________  or make less interesting		         APPEAR
records.   It is difficult to find musicians  who  could make great records for
a long time.   Lots of popular groups from the 1970s,   for example,  are still
better known for the songs they made in their ____________________  past 	        SUCCESS
than for their more recent recordings. Some performers leave the stage but
don't lose their  ________________________.	  They continue to appear   		      POPULAR
_____________________  on TV as presenters, or in chat and reality shows. 	      REGULAR
Koalas are cute animals.  ________________________, it causes them        FORTUNATELY
lots of problems.  There are people who want to keep the cute exotic animal
as a pet which may put the koala in a really  __________________ situation.	        DANGER
The problem is that the koala’s diet is very specific. To stay  ____________ 	        HEALTH
they should only eat eucalyptus leaves. The leaves need to be young and
fresh, which means a person who keeps a koala should also have a lot of
eucalyptus trees. Andrew Page, a  ______________________ who has been	        	        SCIENCE
studying koalas for years,  says that it’s a bad idea to keep this animal as a
pet.  According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little
______________________ about koala’s lifestyle.  And  their ignorance can	         INFORM
often cost the _____________________ animal its life. 			        	         BEAUTY

Have you heard of a Tadeus Bodnar? He is a _____________________           	  	  FAME
Hungarian hairdresser. Not long ago he stopped using the ______________ 	  	  TRADITION
scissors and comb.Now his instruments are axes, irons and vacuum cleaners.
Now he is very _________________ and happy because with his innovative 	        SUCCESS
techniques he can express himself better. He cuts hair in his shop in
Budapest by chopping it with an axe. Then he styles the hair using a vacuum
cleaner, or straightens it with an iron. It’s difficult to believe but the
extravagant hairdres-ser is very popular. Many people find him very
_________________________. 							         CREATE
Every day there’s an _______________ line of people streaming to his shop. 		     END
They wish to change their ___________and have a thrilling, new experience.                    APPEAR

My first job was working at a bakery. When I walked from my house  to
the bakery,I could smell the __________________ aroma of the fresh bread.	 	       WONDER
I loved it. I worked ___________________ after school and at weekends. It			     DAY
made about twenty hours a week. One of the most _______________ things    	       FANTASY
about the bakery was that I could eat all I wanted there.I really couldn't stop
eating the fresh buns, rolls and cakes.  They were so __________________.	       	            TASTE
Mrs. Bradley, the ________________ of the bakery, was a very nice woman. 		    OWN
She had no children and she treated me like her own granddaughter.	I liked
her too and did my best to be as ___________________ as possible.				   HELP

Thousands of tourists visit Edinburgh every year.The capital of Scotland
is  ______________________ for its history and architecture. It’s one of the			  FAME
___________________ centres of the country.				     		      CULTURE
The main __________________ of the city is Edinburgh Castle. It was built	 	      ATTRACT
in the 12th century but it still looks magnificent and very _______________.	        IMPRESS
There are many historic monuments in Edinburgh. One of them is an
unusual monument to Walter Scott, a well-known _____________________. 	            WRITE
The city streets are usually full of noisy tourists with cameras but if you
want a quiet holiday, you can have it too - the beautiful and _____________		            PEACE
countryside is just round the corner.

I unexpectedly met my old friend Natalie at a metro station in Paris.  I
recognised her at once though we hadn’t seen each other for ten years. Now
she works as a ________________________ for Le Figaro newspaper. Our		         REPORT
__________________ began when we were at school. After school, Natalia		          FRIEND
left Britain. French was her favourite subject and she went to university in
Paris. It is one of the most __________________ opera houses in the world.		              FAME
Now she is a very _____________________ journalist. Her life is busy and	       	        SUCCESS
exciting. I was _____________ that she managed to find some time for me. 		              LUCK
Natalie made my visit to Paris _________________________. She took me 	       FORGETTABLE
to the most interesting places in the city. In the evening we even watched a
performance at The Grand Opera House.

The best thing about shopping in London is that there really are
hundreds of cool shops selling ________________________  clothes.  Only 	       FASHION
here you can find a wide choice of _______________________  and unique		          ORIGIN
shops. Sometimes you can buy _____________________  things there. You		       FANTASY
can spend a whole day in a shopping centre, have lunch in one of the
European or ________________________ restaurants, see a new film in the 	     ENGLAND
in the cinema and even enjoy a _________________. 		      	     		     PERFORM
But be ___________________  –  London shops are expensive! Don’t leave 	              СARE
all your money in the shopping centre.

In Andorra people live longer than in any other European country. It
seems they have discovered the secret of a long and _______________  life.  	        HEALTH
People in Andorra stay active and ____________________ at old age. They                      ENERGY
They attend gyms and public __________________ pools for free. Exercise			  SWIM
is one reason, the others are clean air and a diet based on vegetables and
olive oil. People of all ages in Andorra are cheerful and ________________.        	          FRIEND
They think that life is ________________  and they do their best to enjoy it.	       	       FANTASY
Andorra is the most __________________ country in Europe – they haven’t 	            PEACE
had a war for 700 years.

Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a
week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most  ______________________ 		       WONDER
creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours.  He took
photos through the glass and collected   ________________________ about		         INFORM
them.  It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the
aquarium opened, Sam thought it was  ___________________ for sharks to 		      POSSIBLE
be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were   __________________ 		        DANGER
but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them
and sharks had become endangered. __________________, now there were 		FORTUNATE
laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a  ______________ 		        SCIENCE
and study sharks 	in the wild.

Can people live without friends?  Most of us would say "no".   Friends
make our lives enjoyable and  _________________________. Friendship is 		     INTEREST
something you can't buy. It is a  ________________ and valuable gift.  It is	 	       WONDER
__________________  to live without people who care for you and who are       	      POSSIBLE
always ready to help.  However, to find a true friend is not easy.  Friendship
requires honesty, trust and  _________________ . Being a friend means not			   KIND
only having fun together but helping each other in a difficult ____________.	        SITUATE
A true friend not only praises you but tells you when you are not right too.
If you have already found such a person, you're  ______________________.  		  LUCK

Choosing a career is one of the most difficult choices we have to make
in our lives. There are lots of interesting and _______________ professions,		          EXCITE
but which of them is the right choice for you?
Researchers who work in _________________  and sociology asked people		      EDUCATE
across the UK what their dream job would be. And the results were quite
_____________________. According to the survey, people find modest job		    EXPECTED
like charity work or gardening the most _______________________. Often		      ATTRACT
at the top of their list are jobs such as a nurse or a _____________________. 		TEACH
The study also shows that people in the UK are very  __________________ 	     PRACTICE
and focus on the dream jobs they have a realistic chance of getting.

St Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland. St Patrick is  _______________		 	 FAME
for his heroic deeds. People gladly believe in ____________________  tales  	          AMAZE
about St Patrick and don’t look for any historical evidence to prove them.
And the facts often ______________________  with the tales. For example,			AGREE
an old legend says that St Patrick drove all the snakes out of Ireland.  This
myth is actually untrue. At the time snakes appeared on the planet, Ireland
was   ____________________ covered by water.  Now it is an island which     	   COMPLETE
means it is surrounded by water. The water makes it   __________________     	      POSSIBLE
for snakes to get to the island. The same _______________  is true for New 		        SITUATE
Zealand, Greenland, and many other islands.

There is a belief that some jobs suit men better than women and some
other jobs are more appropriate for women than for men. Nowadays,
women more and more often take jobs that   _________________________ 	         TRADITIONAL
were done by men. A lot of women do ___________________ and difficult 		        DANGER
jobs, becoming astronauts, pilots, and firefighters. No one is surprised when
a girl wants to be a police officer or a train __________________________.			 DRIVE
In sports you can see a similar  _________________. Girls play football, ice 	        SITUATE
hockey, go boxing and do other sports that seem to be _________________			USUAL
for women. But the girls say that it is _ _____________ and they cannot see 	          EXCITE
any reason why they should not go into the sport they like.

It's not at all surprising that weather is a favourite topic for many
people around the world.  It affects where we choose to live, what we wear,
our moods, and perhaps even our   _________________________ character.	          NATION
A  __________________ day can blow away the deepest depression. And a		      	      SUN
gloomy rainy day can make you feel lonely and ______________________.			HAPPY
‘I’m feeling a bit under the weather’ is a common complaint in Britain,
 ____________________   on Monday mornings. The weather can really be		      ESPECIAL
_______________________  for moods and scientists have proved this fact.		    RESPONSE
There is a  ____________________  between our mood and the weather we 		     CONNECT
are having. But remember that good weather will have good effects on your
mood only if you spend more than 30 minutes outdoors a day.

In 2005 the rock group The Rolling Stones released an album called
‘A Bigger Bang’. Many critics chose it as their favourite.  This isn’t very
________________________ ,  but just think,  it's their 25th album, and the 		      SURPRISE
Rolling Stones have been on the stage for more than 40 years!  The lead
____________________, Mick Jagger, the guitarist Keith Richards and the 			    SING
other musicians are over 60! And they are not losing their ______________, 	      POPULAR
even nowadays. However, they are still much more  ___________________ 		  FAME
for the songs they made in the 1960s and 70s.  But, you know what? Young
people________________ listen to the Rolling Stones with their fathers and 	      REGULAR
granddads.   Isn't that ______________________?  In all aspects, theirs has 		        IMPRESS
been a remarkable career.

Learning languages is important nowadays. It is interesting and
_____________ . Language skills help people to travel, study, and establish	     		      USE
_____________________  links with colleagues from other countries. Some 	PROFESSION
people say that learning languages is easy but others strongly ___________.			AGREE
They say that learning languages takes a lot of time and they are not happy
with their progress anyway. Meanwhile, there  are some strategies that can
make you a successful language ___________________ and save your time. 		LEARN
The first idea is watching films in the original. If the films are ___________,	     INTEREST
learning is just fun, not hard work. Online and live ____________________      COMMUNICATE
with people in the language you are learning also helps a lot.

I’m not a child but I still like cartoons and animated films.
 ___________________,  I enrolled in an animation course in our university.         	         RECENT
The _________________  of the course explained to us how animated films 	   	TEACH
are made.	Basically,  animation is just a series of pictures with a character.
Each picture is a little   _________________________. When you show the         	           DIFFER
the pictures really fast,  it looks like they are moving.  Some people say
animation is not a serious thing. I strongly  __________________________.  		AGREE
Animated films may be __________________ but clever and useful to learn 		      FUN
new skills. I believe they can be used in many spheres, and most importantly
of all in ______________________. 						     	      EDUCATE

Список использованной литературы:

http://fipi.ru/
https://4languagetutors.ru/leksika-na-oge-i-ege/
https://speakenglishwell.ru/suffiksy-v-prilagatelnyh-v-anglijskom-yazyke/


title: 429 Too Many Requests

filepath: files/


title: Сценарий летнего праздника для детей раннего возраста "Солнечный денек"

extracted_text:
                           Муниципальное бюджетное дошкольное
образовательное учреждение

                              детский сад № 31

                         СЦЕНАРИЙ ЛЕТНЕГО ПРАЗДНИКА
                         для детей раннего возраста

                              «СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ДЕНЕК»

                                                        Составила и провела:
                                                    Музыкальный руководитель
                                                    МБДОУ «Детский сад № 31»
                                                              Воробьёва О.П.

                                 Саров, 2022

                               СОЛНЕЧНЫЙ ДЕНЁК

                 Летний праздник для детей раннего возраста

                                Дети под музыку выходят на участок.
Ведущий:
Ребята, какой хороший денёк! Какая мягкая зелёная травка, потрогайте.
        А небо какое голубое!
        Чтобы деткам погулять, чтоб ребяткам поиграть
        Нужно солнышко. Ребята, где у нас солнышко? Покажите.
        Давайте скажем: Здравствуй, солнышко!            (дети повторяют)
А теперь, давайте споем про солнышко песенку!

                        «СОЛНЫШКО» муз. Т. Попатенко

Ведущий: Когда светит солнышко - можно поиграть!
                   Бегать, прыгать весело, вместе всем играть!
                   Если туча хмурится и грозит дождем.
                   Спрячемся под зонтик и дождик переждем!

                 ИГРА «СОЛНЫШКО И ДОЖДИК» муз. А. Филиппенко

Ведущий: Вот и закончился дождик.
               Чтобы был наш праздник краше,
               Давайте вместе все попляшем.

              ТАНЕЦ «МАЛЫШИ – РОЗОВЫЕ ЩЕЧКИ» муз. Г. Вихаревой

Ведущий: Как мы весело плясали
               И немножечко устали.
               Давайте сядем, отдохнем.
               Посмотрите, к нам в гости прилетела птичка, такая маленькая,

               хорошенькая. Давайте покормим её зернышками и песенку споем.

                         «ПТИЧКА» муз. Т. Попатенко

Ведущий: Ребятки, давайте превратимся в птичек и полетаем по полянке.

                     ТАНЕЦ «ВОРОБУШКИ» муз. Г. Вихаревой

Ведущий: Ребята, мы и пели, и плясали,
               Как воробушки летали.
               А теперь пришла пора поиграть нам детвора.
               Вы любите кататься на карусели?

                                   ИГРА «КАРУСЕЛЬ» р.н.м.
                               (дети садятся)
                  После игры Ведущий находит большой гриб.

Ведущий: Ребята, посмотрите какой гриб вырос на нашей полянке.
               Интересно, что в нем? (показывает детям угощение)
               После прогулки мы пойдем в группу и будем угощаться.

                       Список используемой литературы

   1.  Зацепина  М.Б.  Культурно-досуговая  деятельность  в  детском   саду.
      Программа и методические рекомендации. – М.: Мозаика-Синтез, 2005
   2. Зацепина М.Б.,  Антонова  Т.В.  Народные  праздники  в  детском  саду.
      Методическое пособие для педагогов и музыкальных руководителей. / Под.
      ред. Т.С. Комаровой. – М.: Мозаика-Синтез, 2005
   3. Власенко О.П.,  Гальцова  Е.А.  Праздник  круглый  год.  –  Волгоград:
      Учитель, 2007,

   4. Липатникова Е.Н. Праздник начинается. – Ярославль: Академия  развития,
      2003,

   5. Бердникова Н.В. Большой праздник для малышей.  –  Ярославль:  Академия
      развития, 2007.


title: Конспект занятия в подготовительной группе "День Земли"

extracted_text:
Конспект занятия в подготовительной группе «День Земли»
Цель: способствовать формированию экологически грамотной личности, воспитывать гуманное отношение к природе.
Задачи:
• познакомить с историей праздника «День Земли»
• способствовать развитию экологической грамотности.
• формировать представление об акции День Земли, вспомнить правила поведения в лесу.
• воспитывать бережное отношение к природе и всему, что нас окружает.
• развивать творчество, внимание, мышление.

Ход занятия:
- Ребята как называется наша планета? (Земля)
- Как вы думаете какой сегодня праздник?

Сегодня День рождения нашей голубой планеты Земля!
Этот праздник призван объединить людей всей планеты в деле по защите окружающей среды. Как известно, люди сами губят свою планету: вырубают леса, загрязняют воздух, почву и воду, осушают водоемы. Все это не проходит бесследно, очень большую роль в этом играет рост промышленности. Экологическая ситуация, сложившаяся сегодня на Земле, является очень непростой и продолжает ухудшаться с каждым годом. По традиции, в этот день все желающие принимают участие в благоустройстве и озеленении своих дворов и улиц, организуют уборку территорий, занимаются посадкой деревьев, проводят конференции, выставки, посвященные природе, на оживленных улицах в крупных городах перекрывается автомобильное движение.

- Ребята как вы думаете, что дает нам природа? (ответы детей)

Экологические проблемы Земли : (презентация)

Как известно, люди сами губят свою планету: вырубают леса, загрязняют воздух, почву и воду, осушают водоемы. Все это не проходит бесследно, очень большую роль в этом играет рост промышленности. Экологическая ситуация, сложившаяся сегодня на Земле, является очень непростой и продолжает ухудшаться с каждым годом. Отношение человека к природе должно меняться сейчас, иначе будет слишком поздно. Обо всем этом мы должны задуматься хотя бы в связи с Днем земли.

Игра «Если я приду в лесок»

" Я буду говорить вам свои действия, а вы отвечать. Если я буду поступать хорошо, говорим "да" и хлопаем, а если "плохо", то все вместе кричим "нет" и топаем!

- Готовы? Начинаем!
Если я приду в лесок
И сорву ромашку? (нет)

Если съем я пирожок
И выброшу бумажку? (нет)
Если хлебушка кусок
На пеньке оставлю (да)

Если ветку подвяжу,
Колышек поставлю? (да)

Если разведу костер,
И тушить не буду? (нет)

Если сильно насорю
И убрать забуду? (нет)

Если мусор уберу,
Банку закопаю? (да)

Я люблю свою природу,
Я ей помогаю! (да)

Загадки:

Через нос проходит в грудь и обратный держит путь,
Он не видимый и все же, без него мы жить не можем. (воздух)
Чего на свете нет жирнее (Земля)
Весь мир кормит (Земля)
Один льет, другой пьет, третий растет (дождь, земля, трава)

-Ребята, а какие вы знаете пословицы про Землю (ответы детей)
Без растений нет почвы, а без почвы не растет ни одно растение.
Больше землю удобряй, больше будет урожай.
Земля тарелка, что положишь, то и возьмешь.
Без хозяина земля - круглая сирота.
Возвращай земле долг – будет толк
Держись за землю матушку - она одна не выдаст.
Добра мать до своих детей, а земля - до всех людей.
Добрая земля - полная мошна, худая земля - худая мошна.
Дорогой товар из земли растет.
Земелька черная, а хлебец белый родит.

Земля заботу любит.
Земля - кормилица.
Земля кормит людей, как мать детей.
Земля родная - колыбель золотая.

Сейчас мы с вами посмотрим картинки, а будете отвечать правильно ли поступили ребята.
(слайды)

Как вы поступите в следующих ситуациях:
Вы нашли в лесу маленького беспомощного зверька и взяли его с собой. Правильно ли вы поступили?

Собирая в лесу грибы, вы увидели, что грибники, найдя боровик разрыли весь мох, выискивая мелкие грибочки. Как вы оцените этот поступок?

Ваши друзья похвастались, что гуляя по лесу заметили, как белка спрятала в дупло орешки. Они забрались на дерево, достали орешки и съели. Хорошо ли поступили ребята? Почему?

Физкультминутка:
Вместе по лесу идём,
Не спешим, не отстаём.
Вот выходим мы на луг. (Ходьба на месте.)
Тысяча цветов вокруг! (Потягивания — руки в стороны.)
Вот ромашка, василёк,
Медуница, кашка, клевер.
Расстилается ковёр

И направо и налево. (Наклониться и коснуться левой ступни правой рукой, потом наоборот — правой ступни левой рукой.)
К небу ручки протянули,
Позвоночник растянули. (Потягивания — руки вверх.)
Отдохнуть мы все успели
И на место снова сели. (Дети садятся).

Много-много лет люди брали у природы все, что хотели, не задумываясь о последствиях. Поэтому природе сейчас нелегко: исчезло немало разных видов животных и растений, а другие именно сейчас находятся на грани вымирания. Вместо лесов появились пустыни, высохли озера и реки, и даже целое море - Аральское.

Природе плохо и ей надо помочь. Леса, луга, реки, озера - это наш общий дом, а животные и растения - наши соседи на планете Земля. Надо жить в мире и согласии со своими соседями. Ко всему, что движется, и растет нужно относится бережно.

Поэтому необходимо помнить простые правила поведения в природе:

• Не лови и не приноси домой здоровых детенышей лесных зверей и птиц.
• Береги лягушек, жаб, головастиков, они поедают большое количество насекомых, с которыми человеку приходится бороться.
• Не убивай никаких змей - они тоже нужны природе. (Если, конечно, никому не грозит смертельная опасность).
• Не лови бабочек, стрекоз, жуков, они тоже нужны природе.
• Не разоряй в лесу муравейники, муравьи - санитары леса.
• Не ломай веток на деревьях.
• Не оставляй за собой мусор на природе.

Если все люди будут относится хорошо к окружающему их миру природы, то Земля будет кормить человека еще много-много веков.

Подведение итога занятия :
– Что нового вы сегодня узнали на занятии?
– Что вам понравилось, показалось интересным?
– Какого числа отмечают «День Земли»?
– Почему возникла необходимость создать такой праздник?
– Что вам запомнилось больше всего из сегодняшнего занятия?
– Какие будут ваши действия или как вы поступите, если увидите, что ваши друзья, соседи рвут цветы на клумбе, бросают мусор, ломают ветки (ответы детей).


title: Контрольно-измерительный материал по биологии для проведения административного контроля за курс 11 класса

extracted_text:
Контрольно-измерительный материал
для проведения административного контроля за курс 11 класса по итогам второго полугодия 2021-2022 уч.г.
по биологии

1 вариант

Контрольно-измерительный материал
для проведения административного контроля за курс 11 класса по итогам второго полугодия 2021-2022 уч.г. по биологии

Пояснения к контрольно - измерительному материалу

Назначение контрольного измерительного материала заключается в том, чтобы дать возможность любому выпускнику оценить свои знания по темам, изученным во втором полугодии. Критерии оценивания работы позволят составить представление о требованиях к полноте и правильности ответов.
Эти сведения дают возможность учащимся выработать стратегию подготовки к сдаче промежуточной аттестации по биологии

Инструкция по выполнению работы

На выполнение работы по биологии даётся 40 минут. Работа состоит из двух частей и включает в себя 15 заданий.
К каждому заданию с выбором ответа (1–10) даны 4 варианта ответа, из которых только один верный. При выполнении такого задания обведите номер выбранного ответа в работе кружком. Если Вы обвели не тот номер, то зачеркните обведённый номер крестиком, а затем обведите номер правильного ответа.
Ответы к заданиям 11, 12, 13 с множественным выбором ответов или на последовательность событий. Задания 14 и 15 части 2 выполняются на отдельном листе в виде свободного ответа.
Советуем выполнять задания в том порядке, в котором они даны. Для экономии времени пропускайте задание, которое не удаётся выполнить сразу, и переходите к следующему. Если после выполнения всей работы у Вас останется время, Вы сможете вернуться к пропущенным заданиям. Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий.

Желаем успеха!

Часть 1.

1.К биотическим компонентам экосистемы относят
1) газовый состав атмосферы
2) состав и структуру почвы
3) особенности климата и погоды
4) продуцентов, консументов, редуцентов

Пояснение.
А,Б,В – абиотические факторы.
Ответ: 4
7403
4
2. Самая высокая биомасса растений и продуктивность наблюдается в экосистемах
1) саванны
2) тайги
3) листопадных лесов умеренного пояса
4) влажных тропических лесов

Пояснение.
Во влажных тропических лесах происходит быстрый рост растений, особенно травянистых, лиановидных.
Ответ: 4
7801
4
3. В чём причина смены одного биоценоза другим
1) изменение погодных условий
2) сезонные изменения в природе
3) колебание численности популяций одного вида
4) изменение среды обитания живыми организмами

Пояснение.
Живые организмы сами влияют на среду обитания, приводя к сукцессии, смене сообщества.

Сукцессия – это последовательный ряд смены серийных (временно существующих) растительных сообществ на конкретном местообитании после выведения конкретной экосистемы из состояния динамического равновесия. В результате сукцессии на конкретном местообитании восстанавливается исходное или не возникнет новое растительное сообщество.

Сукцессионные смены обычно связывают с тем, что существующая экосистема (сообщество) создает неблагоприятные условия для наполняющих ее организмов (почвоутомление, неполный круговорот веществ, самоотравление продуктами выделений или разложения и т. п. ). Наряду с природными факторами, причинами динамики экосистем все чаще выступает человек. К настоящему времени им разрушено большинство коренных(климаксных) экосистем. Например, степи почти полностью распаханы (сохранились только на заповедных участках).
Ответ: 4
7802
4
Пояснение.
В экосистемах постоянно регулируется численность одних организмов другими, т. е. идет саморегуляция.
Ответ: 3
7803
3
4.К экосистемам самого высокого уровня следует отнести
1) экосистему океана
2) биоценоз елового леса
3) биогеоценоз пустыни
4) биосферу Земли

Пояснение.
Биосфера включает все биогеоценозы на планете, и в ней образуется единый круговорот веществ и энергии.
Ответ: 4
7804
4
5Пояснение.
Сосновый бор содержит главные компоненты экосистемы:продуценты, консументы, редуценты, которые взаимодействуют с окружающей средой и связаны круговоротом веществ.
Ответ: 4
7807
4
Пояснение.
Биогеоценоз – это совместное обитание особей разных видов на одной территории, связанных с факторами живой и неживой природы.
Ответ: 4
7809
4
. Экосистему считают устойчивой, если в ней
1) круговорот веществ незамкнутый
2) круговорот веществ сбалансированный
3) обитает небольшое число видов
4) численность отдельных видов изменяется

Пояснение.
Устойчивая система имеет большое количество видов и замкнутый круговорот веществ.
Ответ: 2
7810
2

Пояснение.
Биогеоценоз – это совместное обитание особей разных видов на одной территории, связанных с факторами живой и неживой природы.
Ответ: 4
7811
4
Пояснение.
Заяц – травоядное животное, поэтому между ними связи пищевые.
Ответ: 4
7812
4
Пояснение.
Чем больше видов в экосистеме, тем она устойчивее.
Ответ: 2
7813
2
6.Пояснение.
Дано определение экосистемы, которая состоит из популяций животных и растений проживающих на одной территории и взаимодействующих между собой.
Ответ: 4
7814
4
Пояснение.
Чем больше видов в экосистеме, тем она устойчивее.
Ответ: 3
7816
3
Показателем процветания популяций в экосистеме служит
1) связь с другими популяциями
2) связь между особями популяций
3) высокая численность особей
4) колебание численности популяций

Пояснение.
Чем больше особей в популяции, тем она устойчивее.
Ответ: 3
7817
3
7. Какой из перечисленных признаков человека относят к ароморфозу, характерных для млекопитающих?
1)  подвижный большой палец руки
2)  расчленение тела на отделы
3)  дифференциация зубов
4)  наличие межпозвоночных дисков

Пояснение.
Единственная энерги на Земле – это солнечная, ее для других организмов в доступную форму преобразуют растения в процессе фотосинтеза.
Ответ: 1
7818
1
Пояснение.
Хищники в заповедниках могут быстро размножаться, т. к. место находится под охраной, и в результате этот рост приведет к уменьшению травоядных.
Ответ: 1
7820
1
8. К социальным факторам, играющим существенную роль в эволюции предков современного человека, относится
1) наследственная изменчивость
2) борьба за существование
3) естественный отбор
4) членораздельная речь

Пояснение.
Окружающая среда влияет на организмы, а организмы влияют на окружающую среду, тем самым развивается связь между ними, идет саморазвитие экосистемы.
Ответ: 2
7821
2
Пояснение.
В тропических лесах наибольшее количество видов растений и животных.
Ответ: 4
7823
4
Раздел: Основы экологииИсточник: ЕГЭ по биологии 12.06.2013. Вторая волна. Вариант 1.9.Укажите пример антропогенного экологического фактора, негативно влияющего на биогеоценоз.
1) создание пасек
2) строительство плотин
3) насаждение лесополос
4) создание природных заповедников
Пояснение.
Пример антропогенного экологического фактора, негативно влияющего на биогеоценоз — это строительство плотин, т. к. заливается (заболачивается) большая площадь — разрушаются биоценозы.
Ответ: 2
16408
2
Источник: МИОО: Диагностическая работа по биологии 18.12.2013 вариант БИ10301.
Пояснение.
Чем больше в экосистеме видов, тем больше там пищевых цепей, и тем более устойчивым (сбалансированным) является круговорот веществ и сама экосистема.
Ответ: 4
16759
4
Источник: ЕГЭ по биологии 05.05.2014. Досрочная волна. Вариант 3.10.Хемосинтезирующие бактерии в экосистеме
1) получение энергии за счет окисления неорганических веществ
2) разлагают органические вещества до минеральных
3) создают органические вещества из неорганических
4) потребляют готовые органические вещества

11. Какие из перечисленных примеров можно отнести к ароморфозам?
1) развитие семян у голосеменных растений
2) развитие большого числа боковых корней у капусты после окучивания
3) образование сочной мякоти в плодах бешеного огурца
4) выделение душистым табаком пахучих веществ
5) двойное оплодотворение у цветковых растений
6) появление у растений механических тканей

Пояснение.
Пионерами освоения территории являются лишайники, которые способны разрушать твердые породы и готовить среду для травинистых растений. После образования толстого слоя почвы могут появляться кустарники и деревья.

Ответ:41325
Ответ: 41325
10701
41325
Раздел: Основы экологииПояснение.
Озеро может заболачиваться, постепенно зарастать, превращаться в луг, после чего в лес.

Ответ:1243
Ответ: 1243
10702
1243
Раздел: Основы экологии12. В какой последовательности (начиная с поглощения) осуществляется круговорот углерода в биосфере?
1) включение углерода в состав органических соединений
2) поглощение углекислого газа растениями
3) разложение органических соединений в организме
4) выделение углерода в окружающую среду организмами в виде углекислого газа

Пояснение.
Углекислый газ используется растениями в процессе фотосинтеза для образования органических веществ, которые разлагаются в организмах гетеротрофов с выделением энергии до углекислого газа и воды.

Ответ:2134
Ответ: 2134
10703
2134
Раздел: Основы экологии
Пояснение.
При фотосинтезе используется углекислый газ, из которого образуется глюкоза, которая превращается в крахмал, при дыхании глюкоза окисляется до углекислого газа и воды.

Ответ:45312
Ответ: 45312
10705
45312
Пояснение.
Продуценты — растения, первое звено в цепях питания, используют энергию солнечного света для синтеза органических веществ из неорганических. Редуценты — гетеротрофы, перерабатывают органические вещества до минеральных, тем самым замыкая круговорот веществ.

Ответ:111222
Ответ: 111222
11494
111222
Раздел: Основы экологии
Источник: Демонстрационная версия ЕГЭ—2013 по биологии.Пояснение.А — Продуценты — организмы, способные к фото — или хемосинтезу и являющиеся в пищевой цепи созидателями органического веществаБ — Консументы — организмы, являющиеся в пищевой цепи потребителями органического вещества, т. е. все гетеротрофные организмыВ, Г — Редуценты — организмы (сапрофиты), минерализующие мёртвое органическое вещество, т. е. разлагающие его до более или менее простых неорганических соединений.
Ответ:1322
Ответ: 1322
12273
1322
Раздел: Основы экологииИсточник: МИОО: Тренировочная работа по биологии 19.02.2013 вариант БИ1401..

Запишите в ответ цифры, расположив их в порядке, соответствующим буквам:

Часть 2Пояснение.
Элементы окружающей среды, оказывающие влияние на живые организмы называются экологическими факторами. Они подразделяются на абиотические, биотические и антропогенные.
К числу абиотических факторов относятся элементы неживой природы: свет, температура, влажность, осадки, ветер, атмосферное давление, радиационный фон, химический состав атмосферы, воды, почвы и т. п. Биотическими факторами являются живые организмы (бактерии, грибы, растения, животные), вступающие во взаимодействие с данным организмом. К антропогенным факторам относятся особенности среды, обусловленные трудовой деятельностью человека.

1) абиотические — В Еасть
2) биотические — А Б Г
3) антропогенные — Д

Ответ:221231
Ответ: 221231
12388
221231
Раздел: Основы экологии
Источник: МИОО: Диагностическая работа по биологии 25.04.2013 вариант БИ1501.
14.Чем структура биоценоза дубравы отличается от структуры агроценоза яблоневый сад? Назовите не менее четырех различий.

15. Какие животные считаются настоящими сухопутными существами? Привести пример животного и назвать не менее 4 доказательств своего ответа.

Ответы к заданиям части 1

Ответы к заданиям части 2.

Критерии оценивания заданий с развёрнутым ответом

Система оценивания выполнения отдельных заданий итоговой работы в целом
Правильно выполненная работа оценивается 22 баллами.
Каждое правильно выполненное задание части 1 с 1-10 оценивается 1 баллом. Задания с 11-13 оцениваются 2 баллами. Задания части 2 оцениваются по критериям в зависимости от правильности ответа.
Таким образом, за выполнение заданий части 2 испытуемый может получить максимально 6 баллов.
Таблица перевода баллов в оценки по пятибалльной шкале

Контрольно-измерительный материал
для проведения административного контроля за курс 11 класса по итогам второго полугодия 2021-2022 уч.г.
по биологии

2 вариант

Контрольно-измерительный материал
для проведения административного контроля за курс 11 класса по итогам второго полугодия 2021-2022 уч.г. по биологии

Пояснения к контрольно - измерительному материалу

Назначение контрольного измерительного материала заключается в том, чтобы дать возможность любому выпускнику оценить свои знания по темам, изученным во втором полугодии. Критерии оценивания работы позволят составить представление о требованиях к полноте и правильности ответов.
Эти сведения дают возможность учащимся выработать стратегию подготовки к сдаче промежуточной аттестации по биологии

Инструкция по выполнению работы

На выполнение работы по биологии даётся 40 минут. Работа состоит из двух частей и включает в себя 15 заданий.
К каждому заданию с выбором ответа (1–10) даны 4 варианта ответа, из которых только один верный. При выполнении такого задания обведите номер выбранного ответа в работе кружком. Если Вы обвели не тот номер, то зачеркните обведённый номер крестиком, а затем обведите номер правильного ответа.
Ответы к заданиям 11, 12, 13 с множественным выбором ответов или на последовательность событий. Задания 14 и 15 части 2 выполняются на отдельном листе в виде свободного ответа.
Советуем выполнять задания в том порядке, в котором они даны. Для экономии времени пропускайте задание, которое не удаётся выполнить сразу, и переходите к следующему. Если после выполнения всей работы у Вас останется время, Вы сможете вернуться к пропущенным заданиям. Постарайтесь выполнить как можно больше заданий.

Желаем успеха!

Часть 1

Пояснение.
Единственная энерги на Земле – это солнечная, ее для других организмов в доступную форму преобразуют растения в процессе фотосинтеза.
Ответ: 1
7818
1
1. Основную часть биомассы суши составляют
1) растения
2) беспозвоночные животные
3) бактерии
4) позвоночные животные

Пояснение.
По правилу пирамиды биомассы продуцентов больше чем консументов.
Ответ: 1
7819
1
2. В заповедниках человек ограничивает рост численности популяций хищников, так как их увеличение может привести
1) сокращению численности растительноядных животных
2) сокращению численности растений
3) увеличению численности растительноядных животных
4) увеличению численности паразитов

3.Редуцентами в экосистеме являются организмы
1) фотосинтезирующие
2) разлагающие органические вещества
3) создающие органические вещества из неорганических
4) травоядные и хищники

4. Численность консументов в биоценозе может меняется и зависит от
1) климата
2) степени влажности
3) продуцентов
4) температуры

5. Ведущая роль растений в природном сообществе состоит в
1) преобразовании солнечной энергии
2) обогащении почвы водой и минеральными солями
3) снабжении всех организмов минеральными веществами
4) накоплении гумуса, повышении плодородия почвы

6. Укажите пример антропогенного экологического фактора, негативно влияющего на биогеоценоз.
1) создание национальных парков
2) осушение болот
3) создание искусственного водоема
4) создание природных заповедников Пояснение.
Хищники в заповедниках могут быстро размножаться, т. к. место находится под охраной, и в результате этот рост приведет к уменьшению травоядных.
Ответ: 1
7820
1

7. Остаток третьего века в углу глаза человека — пример
1) рудимента
2) аналогичного органа
3) атавизма
4) гомологичного органа

8. Определите верную последовательность этапов антропогенеза
1) древние люди — > древнейшие люди — > современный человек
2) неандерталец — > питекантроп — > синантроп
3) древнейшие люди — > древние люди — > современный человек
4) древнейшие люди — > люди современного типа

9. Укажите неверное утверждение: Биологический прогресс характеризуется:
1)  повышением жизнеспособности особей
2)  возрастанием числа отдельных таксонов
3)  расширением ареала
4)  уменьшением числа видов

10.Выходу первых позвоночных на сушу в процессе эволюции способствовало появлению у
1)  полового размножения, влажной кожи
2)  питания готовыми органическими веществами
3)  приспособлений к дыханию кислородом воздуха, к передвижению по суше
4)  внутреннего скелета (хрящевого или костного)
Пояснение.
Окружающая среда влияет на организмы, а организмы влияют на окружающую среду, тем самым развивается связь между ними, идет саморазвитие экосистемы.
Ответ: 2
7821
2
Пояснение.
В тропических лесах наибольшее количество видов растений и животных.
Ответ: 4
7823
4

11. Установите последовательность процессов, вызывающих смену экосистем.
1) заселение территории мхами и кустистыми лишайниками
2) появление кустарников и полукустарников
3) формирование травяного сообщества
4) появление накипных лишайников на скальных породах
5) формирование лесного сообщества
Пояснение.
Численность консументов первого порядка, травоядных, зависит от количества продуцентов по правилу экологической пирамиды.
Ответ: 4
11736
4
Источник: МИОО: Тренировочная работа по биологии 16.10.2012 вариант 2.
12. В какой последовательности (начиная с нитрификации) осуществляется круговорот азота в биосфере?
1) включение азота в состав органических соединений растениями
2) поглощение азота из атмосферы бактериями
3) включение азота в состав клеток животных
4) выделение азота в окружающую среду организмами в виде аммиака

Пояснение.
Углекислый газ используется растениями в процессе фотосинтеза для образования органических веществ, которые разлагаются в организмах гетеротрофов с выделением энергии до углекислого газа и воды.

Ответ:2134
Ответ: 2134
10703
2134
Раздел: Основы экологии
Пояснение.
Редуценты — это бактерии и плесневые грибы, которые участвуют в разложении органических веществ до неорганических.
Ответ: 2
16174
2
Источник: МИОО: Тренировочная работа по биологии 05.02.2014 вариант БИ10602.13. Установите соответствие между организмами и направлениями эволюции, по которым в настоящее время происходит развитие этих организмов

Организмы
1)  страус эму                                                         Направления эволюции
2)  серая крыса                                                   А) биологически прогресс
3)  домовая мышь                                               Б) биологический регресс
4)  синезелёные (цианобактерии)
5)  орёл беркут
6)  уссурийский тигр

Часть 2Пояснение.
Консументы второго порядка питаются травоядными животными.

Примечание (от создателей сайта).
Из перечисленных вариантов ответов, два варианта могут быть верными, при определенных условиях. Хищные птицы, могут быть как консументами второго, так и третьего порядка. А насекомоядные птицы, только консументы второго порядка (по определению). По-этому, выбираем ответ 2.
Ответ: 2
12101
2
Источник: МИОО: Диагностическая работа по биологии 30.11.2012 вариант 1.
Пояснение.
Пример антропогенного экологического фактора, негативно влияющего на биогеоценоз — это строительство плотин, т. к. заливается (заболачивается) большая площадь — разрушаются биоценозы.
Ответ: 2
16408
2
Источник: МИОО: Диагностическая работа по биологии 18.12.2013 вариант БИ10301.Пояснение.Чем больше в экосистеме видов, тем больше там пищевых цепей, и тем более устойчивым (сбалансированным) является круговорот веществ и сама экосистема.Ответ: 4
14. Назовите не менее 3-х ароморфозов у цветковых растений , которые позволили им занять господствующее положение на Земле.  Ответ обоснуйте.16759
4
14
Пояснение.
Пионерами освоения территории являются лишайники, которые способны разрушать твердые породы и готовить среду для травинистых растений. После образования толстого слоя почвы могут появляться кустарники и деревья.

Ответ:41325
Ответ: 41325
10701
41325
Раздел: Основы экологии
15. К каким изменениям в экосистеме озера может привести сокращение численности хищных рыб? Укажите не менее трёх изменений. Пояснение.
Озеро может заболачиваться, постепенно зарастать, превращаться в луг, после чего в лес.

Ответ:1243
Ответ: 1243
10702
1243
1515.Пояснение.
В цепи питания последовательность: продуценты — травоядные — хищники.

Ответ:2143
Ответ: 2143
10704
2143
Раздел: Основы экологии
Пояснение.
При фотосинтезе используется углекислый газ, из которого образуется глюкоза, которая превращается в крахмал, при дыхании глюкоза окисляется до углекислого газа и воды.

Ответ:45312
Ответ: 45312
10705
45312

Пояснение.
Элементы окружающей среды, оказывающие влияние на живые организмы называются экологическими факторами. Они подразделяются на абиотические, биотические и антропогенные.
К числу абиотических факторов относятся элементы неживой природы: свет, температура, влажность, осадки, ветер, атмосферное давление, радиационный фон, химический состав атмосферы, воды, почвы и т. п. Биотическими факторами являются живые организмы (бактерии, грибы, растения, животные), вступающие во взаимодействие с данным организмом. К антропогенным факторам относятся особенности среды, обусловленные трудовой деятельностью человека.

1) абиотические — В Е
2) биотические — А Б Г
3) антропогенные — Д

Ответ:221231
Ответ: 221231
12388
221231
Раздел: Основы экологии
Источник: МИОО: Диагностическая работа по биологии 25.04.2013 вариант БИ1501.

Часть2

Ответы к заданиям части 1

Ответы к заданиям части 2.

Критерии оценивания заданий с развёрнутым ответом

Система оценивания выполнения отдельных заданий итоговой работы в целом
Правильно выполненная работа оценивается 22 баллами.
Каждое правильно выполненное задание части 1 с 1-10 оценивается 1 баллом. Задания с 11-13 оцениваются 2 баллами. Задания части 2 оцениваются по критериям в зависимости от правильности ответа.
Таким образом, за выполнение заданий части 2 испытуемый может получить максимально 6 баллов.
Таблица перевода баллов в оценки по пятибалльной шкале


title: Ежедневное планирование на май в средней группе

extracted_text:
Май 2022

           1-неделя: Тема: «»
       Цель:
          2-неделя: Тема: «День Победы»
      Цель: осуществлять патриотическое воспитание. Воспитывать любовь к Родине. Формирование представлений о ВОВ,  о героях войны,  о празднике посвященному Дню Победы.
         3-неделя: Тема: «Насекомые»
      Цель: дать знания о насекомых и их строении; учить описывать и сравнивать  насекомых.
         4-неделя: Тема: « Лето!»
   Цель: расширить знания о сезонных признаках лета; учить описывать лето, сравнивать с другими временами года.

          Утренняя гимнастика:
     1-2 -я недели. Комплекс «1».  Цель: приучать детей к ежедневному выполнению гимнастики.
     3-4-я недели. Комплекс «2»

            Гимнастика после сна 1-2 неделя «1».
    Цель: Способствовать укреплению здоровья детей, создать радостный эмоциональный подъём, «разбудить» организм ребенка.
        Гимнастика после сна 3-4 неделя. «2».

Развлечение (спортивный досуг)  «Посвященный празднику -  Дню Победы».
Цель: укреплять здоровье детей, воспитывать у детей стремление быть здоровыми, формировать двигательную активность.

Национально - региональный компонент: «Знаменитые люди Бурятии (презентация). Цель: познакомить детей с земляками- героями воевавших в годы ВОВ- вызвать гордость за своих земляков.

Итоговое мероприятие: Выставка работ «Этот День Победы». Цель: воспитание патриотических чувств у детей дошкольного возраста. Задачи: расширять знания об исторических фактах и явлениях, развивать у детей эмоционально - положительное отношение к ветеранам ВОВ, воспитывать любовь к Родине, уважение к ее историческому прошлому; развивать творческие способности через совместную деятельность с родителями.

Работа с родителями на май.