cyclophosphamide mechanism of action
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- Mechanism of action: Cyclophosphamide is an inactive drug. With the help of cytochrome P-450 oxidase system in the liver, the inactive drug is converted into phosphoramide mustard and acrolein which are very active compounds. Phosphoramide mustard has an ability to introduces alkyl radicals into DNA strands with interferes DNA replication by forming DNA cross-linkage. Cross-linked cancer cell DNA is unable to complete normal cell division. Thus, it stops cancer cells from growing, causing them to die.
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- Mechanism of Action of Coumarin Anticoagulant Drugs. Warfarin, a coumarin derivative, produces an anticoagulant effect by interfering with the cyclic interconversion of vitamin K and its 2,3 epoxide (vitamin K epoxide).
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Mouth Health: Is Chewing Gum, Good Or Bad ? While there are some benefits to chewing gum, there are also some factors that a person should take into consideration before using it as a dental aid. Chewing gum can cause some mouth disorders in certain people, such as a clicking or popping noise in the jaw, or tire out jaw muscles.
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- Our Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) Side Effects Drug Center provides a comprehensive view of available drug information on the potential side effects when taking this medication. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
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Maturation promoting factor During the transition of G 2 to M phase, cdk1 is de-phosphorylated by CDC25. The CDK1 subunit is now free and can bind to cyclin B, activate MPF, and make the cell enter mitosis. There is also a positive feedback loop that inactivated wee1.
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- One in vitro study suggested that ciclopirox acts by chelation of polyvalent cations (Fe +3 or Al +3) resulting in the inhibition of the metal-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the degradation of peroxides within the fungal cell.
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- definitions - Cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide (n.) 1.(MeSH)Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active ALDOPHOSPHAMIDE. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep.
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Anticancer peptide PNC-27 adopts an HDM-2-binding conformation and kills cancer cells by binding to HDM-2 in their membranes Our present studies suggest that PNC-27 induces cancer cell cytotoxicity by a previously undescribed mechanism in which the peptide induces cancer cell membranolysis that appears to depend on the binding of the peptide to HDM-2 in the cancer cell membrane.
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Amrix The active ingredient in AMRIX extendedrelease capsules is cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, USP. Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (HCl) is a white, crystalline tricyclic amine salt with the empirical formula C20H21N•HCl and a molecular weight of 311.9. It has a melting point of 217°C, and a pKa of 8.47 at 25°C.
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Voltaren the mechanism of action of voltaren xr like that of other nsaids is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase cox 1 and cox 2 diclofenac is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro
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Ciclosporin Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is an immunosuppressant medication and natural product. It is used by mouth and injection into a vein for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, nephrotic syndrome, and in organ transplants to prevent rejection. It is also used as eye drops for keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes).
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Cyclin Cyclin’s discovery led to a model of the autonomous oscillator that drove the cell cycle of early embryonic cells. Each cyclin associates with one or two cyclin-dependent kinases, and most cyclin-dependent kinases associate with one or two cyclins.
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Antibiotic Drugs Mechanism of action. The binding site for clindamycin is on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome which is identical with that for erythromycin. Clindamycin, like erythromycin, suppresses protein synthesis by interfering with the development of initiation complexes and with aminoacyl translocation reactions.
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Trastuzumab Experiments in laboratory animals indicate that antibodies, including trastuzumab, when bound to a cell, induce immune cells to kill that cell, and that such antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is another important mechanism of action.ne of the challenges in the treatment of breast cancer patients by herceptin is our understanding towards herceptin resistance. In the last decade, several assays have been performed to understand the mechanism of Herceptin resistance with/without supplementary drugs.
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Antibiotic Drugs Mechanism of action. Step 1: Attachment of daptomycin takes place with the help of calcium ion and then the tail with high lipophilicity is inserted into the plasma membrane of the gram positive bacteria. Step 2: Channel is constitutively formed followed by depolarisation.
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- Common Side Effects of Cyclophosphamide. 1  Nausea and vomiting. 2  Diarrhea. 3  Stomach pain. 4  Decreased appetite. 5  Hair loss and baldness. 6  Skin darkening, a rash, and changes in nails. 7  Missed periods and inability to conceive. 8  Low platelet and white blood cell counts.
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Which is a function of cyclins? Cyclins also act by binding to various kinases, which are enzymes that transfer a phosphate group from ATP to other enzymes. The phosphate group activates these enzymes. The quantity of these kinases in the cell remains steady throughout the cell cycle; however they are active only when bound to cyclins.
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Sildenafil Tablets Mechanism Of Action. Sildenafil is an inhibitor of cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) in the smooth muscle of the pulmonary vasculature, where PDE-5 is responsible for degradation of cGMP. Sildenafil, therefore, increases cGMP within pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in relaxation.
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- Cyclins are a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
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- 20 Drugs associated with this mechanism of nephro-toxicity include calcineurin inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus), certain chemo-therapy agents, Chinese herbals containing aristocholic acid, and lithium.
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- Cyclin-dependent kinases drive each of the major cell cycle transition points (G1, S, G2, M), inducing downstream processes by phosphorylating select proteins. While CDK protein levels remain stable throughout the cell cycle, cyclin levels fluctuate and, in this way, periodically activate CDKs.
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Understanding Arthritis and Chemotherapy Drugs Cyclophosphamide is considerably more powerful and toxic than methotrexate and azathioprine. It is used to treat the most aggressive and dangerous rheumatic diseases, such as severe lupus and some forms of vasculitis. Cyclophosphamide directly attacks rapidly reproducing cells such as those in the immune system.
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Epinephrine: Drug Whys The mechanism of action of epinephrine is as a sympathomimetic catecholamine acting on both alpha- and beta-andrenergic receptors. Of catecholamines, it is the most potent activator of alpha receptors resulting in intense vasoconstriction. Its beta receptor action promotes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in significant bronchodilation.
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Definitions &Translations Mechanism of action. In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor.
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Anthracyclines Accumulation of anthracyclines in the nucleus of neoplastic and proliferating cells. Anthracyclines enter the cells through passive diffusion[9]. An elegant mechanism of the selective transport of anthracyclines to the nuclei of neoplastic and proliferating cells has been proposed by Kiyomiya and colleagues[10, 11]. It has been demonstrated with doxorubicin that once it enters the cells, it binds the proteasomes in the cytoplasm for which it has high affinity.