how do satellites move in a circular orbit
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- Satellites move in a path around the Earth called an orbit. Every satellite must have an orbital path (remember, satellites that travel into deep space to look at distant planets are not true satellites, they are in fact space probes), and the type of path it takes is determined by the physics involved. satellite's orbit works because of a balance between two forces. The orbit is a combination of the satellite's velocity-the speed it is travelling in a straight line-and the force of the Earth's gravitational pull on the satellite.
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List of orbits 1 Semi-synchronous orbit: An orbit with an orbital period equal to half of the average rotational period of the body being orbited and in the same direction of rotation as that body. 2  For Earth this means a period of just under 12 hours at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,544.2 miles) if the orbit is circular. Geosynchronous orbit (GSO): An orbit around the Earth with a period equal to one sidereal day, which is Earth's average rotational period of 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.091 seconds. 2  For a nearly circular orbit, this implies an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 mi).
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Geosynchronous satellite A special case of geosynchronous satellite is the geostationary satellite, which has a geostationary orbit – a circular geosynchronous orbit directly above the Earth's equator. Another type of geosynchronous orbit used by satellites is the Tundra elliptical orbit.f a geosynchronous satellite's orbit is not exactly aligned with the Earth's equator, the orbit is known as an inclined orbit. It will appear (when viewed by someone on the ground) to oscillate daily around a fixed point.
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- The clockwise direction. Circular motion can occur in two possible directions. A clockwise (typically abbreviated as CW) motion is one that proceeds in the same direction as a clock's hands: from the top to the right, then down and then to the left, and back up to the top.
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Geosynchronous orbit The synchronization of rotation and orbital period means that, for an observer on the surface of the Earth, an object in geosynchronous orbit returns to exactly the same position in the sky after a period of one sidereal day. special case of geosynchronous orbit is the geostationary orbit, which is a circular geosynchronous orbit at zero inclination (that is, directly above the equator).
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Mathematics of Satellite Motion Thus, the acceleration of a satellite in circular motion about some central body is given by the following equation. where G is 6.673 x 10 -11 N•m 2 /kg 2, Mcentral is the mass of the central body about which the satellite orbits, and R is the average radius of orbit for the satellite.he radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. Now that the radius of orbit has been found, the height above the earth can be calculated. Since the earth's surface is 6.37 x 10 6 m from its center (that's the radius of the earth), the satellite must be a height of.
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How fast do satellites move? The satellite is moving much faster than the earth's surface, though, because it must cover much more distance in the same amount of time. A geosynchronous satellite is moving at about 3.07 km/sec. Lower orbits are much faster.The space shuttle at 300km is moving at more like 7.73 km/sec. For comparison, the earth's surface at the equator moves at a leisurely 0.46 km/sec. To obtain a circular orbit of this velocity around earth, you would need to be at an altitude of around 1.6 million km. geosynchronous satellite is moving at about 3.07 km/sec. Lower orbits are much faster. The space shuttle at 300km is moving at more like 7.73 km/sec. For comparison, the earth's surface at the equator moves at a leisurely 0.46 km/sec.
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- These forces cause two major effects: Inclination. The inclination of the satellite orbit is the angle between its orbital plane and the equatorial plane of the Earth. The gravitational pull of Sun and Moon causes a gradual increase in the satellite inclination.lthough moving a satellite obviously has impacts, they are minimal compared to the costs and impacts of having a satellite badly damaged or destroyed. At a minimum it would take more than a year to replace the satellite in orbit with significant additional risks to the longer term continuity of service.
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- The apparent motion of the Moon from hour to hour; each hour it moves about one diameter to the East. The Moon moves around the Earth in an approximately circular orbit, going once around us in approximately 27.3 days, or one sidereal period of revolution. As it does this its position changes, relative to the stars.he apparent motion of the Moon from hour to hour; each hour it moves about one diameter to the East. The Moon moves around the Earth in an approximately circular orbit, going once around us in approximately 27.3 days, or one sidereal period of revolution. As it does this its position changes, relative to the stars.
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How do satellites orbit the Earth? On earth, it's not so easy because satellites have to get up above the atmosphere and into the vacuum of space to orbit for any length of time. 200 miles (320 km) up is about the minimum to avoid atmospheric interference.The Hubble space telescope orbits at an altitude of 380 miles (600 km) or so.he ball might go 100 feet (30 meters) and then hit the ground. You put the ball in orbit -- It's just that a ball's orbit is very short! Now imagine that you shot a rifle straight and level instead of throwing a ball.
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- Physics Notes Ch 7 and 8 - Circular Motion, Equilibrium, and Torque I. Rotational and Circular Motion • Rotational motion refers to the motion of a body or system that spins about an axis. The axis of rotation is the line about which the rotation occurs. • Circular motion refers to the motion of a particular point on an object that is undergoing rotational motion. Because the direction of motion is continually changing, it is difficult to describe the motion
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synchronous Communications satellites are usually put into a synchronous (or geosynchronous) orbit, circling the earth once every 24 hours and so appearing to hover over a single spot on the surface. This type of synchronized movement is important, since you have to know where to aim your satellite dish.
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- The Moon moves around the Earth in an approximately circular orbit, going once around us in approximately 27.3 days, or one sidereal period of revolution. As it does this its position changes, relative to the stars.his means that from night to night the Moon moves a little more than one hand-width to the East (the direction of its motion around the Earth) relative to the stars, and from hour to hour it moves about one diameter to the East, among the stars. An approximate representation of the motion of the Moon around the Earth.
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Orbits 'R' Us! Orbits 'R' Us! When we talk about how Earth and the other planets travel around the Sun, we say they orbit the Sun. Likewise, the moon orbits Earth. Many artificial satellites also orbit Earth. When it comes to satellites, space engineers have different types of orbits to choose from.Satellites can orbit Earth's equator or go over Earth's North and South Poles. . . or anything in between.They orbit at a low altitude of just a few hundred miles above Earth's surface or thousands of miles out in space. The choice of orbit all depends on the satellite's job.atellites can orbit Earth's equator or go over Earth's North and South Poles. . . or anything in between. They orbit at a low altitude of just a few hundred miles above Earth's surface or thousands of miles out in space. The choice of orbit all depends on the satellite's job.
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- The semi-synchronous orbit is a near-circular orbit (low eccentricity) 26,560 kilometers from the center of the Earth (about 20,200 kilometers above the surface). A satellite at this height takes 12 hours to complete an orbit.his special, high Earth orbit is called geosynchronous. A satellite in a circular geosynchronous orbit directly over the equator (eccentricity and inclination at zero) will have a geostationary orbit that does not move at all relative to the ground. It is always directly over the same place on the Earth’s surface.
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- During the inclined orbit years earth stations must must have tracking systems so that their pointing is adjusted to aim at the satellite all during the day. The beam pointing movement is classically a lissajous figure of 8, but might at times be a tall slim elliptical shape or tilted elliptical shape.
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MP02: Motion Diagrams 32. Suppose a satellite is in low earth orbit, that is, in a circular orbit at a height of 200 km., so the radius of the circle is 6600 km., say. We want to raise it to a circular orbit of twice that radius (so it will now be going in a circle at a height of 6800 km above the earths surface.)
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Retrograde and prograde motion Retrograde orbit: the satellite (red) orbits in the direction opposite to the rotation of its primary (blue/black) Retrograde motion is motion in the direction opposite to the movement of something else and the contrary of direct or prograde motion. This motion can be the orbit of one body about another body or about some other point, or the rotation of a single body about its axis, or other phenomena such as precession or nutation of the axis.
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How Satellites Work 1 Medium-Earth orbits (MEO) — These satellites park in between the low and high flyers, so from about 1,243 miles (2,000 kilometers) to 22,223 miles (36,000 kilometers). 2  Navigation satellites, like the kind used by your car's GPS, work well at this altitude. Satellites moving close to the Earth's surface are ideal for making observations, for military purposes and for collecting weather data. 2  Medium-Earth orbits (MEO) — These satellites park in between the low and high flyers, so from about 1,243 miles (2,000 kilometers) to 22,223 miles (36,000 kilometers).
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Satellite 1 Sun-synchronous orbit: An orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that the satellite passes over any given point of the planets' surface at the same local solar time. 2  Such an orbit can place a satellite in constant sunlight and is useful for imaging, spy, and weather satellites.he first satellite, Sputnik 1, was put into orbit around Earth and was therefore in geocentric orbit. By far this is the most common type of orbit with approximately 2,465 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth. Geocentric orbits may be further classified by their altitude, inclination and eccentricity.
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- The apparent motion of the Moon from hour to hour; each hour it moves about one diameter to the East. The Moon moves around the Earth in an approximately circular orbit, going once around us in approximately 27.3 days, or one sidereal period of revolution. As it does this its position changes, relative to the stars.his means that from night to night the Moon moves a little more than one hand-width to the East (the direction of its motion around the Earth) relative to the stars, and from hour to hour it moves about one diameter to the East, among the stars. An approximate representation of the motion of the Moon around the Earth.
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- High Earth Orbit. When a satellite reaches exactly 42,164 kilometers from the center of the Earth (about 36,000 kilometers from Earth’s surface), it enters a sort of “sweet spot” in which its orbit matches Earth’s rotation.his special, high Earth orbit is called geosynchronous. A satellite in a circular geosynchronous orbit directly over the equator (eccentricity and inclination at zero) will have a geostationary orbit that does not move at all relative to the ground. It is always directly over the same place on the Earth’s surface.
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ORBITAL SPEED ORBITAL SPEED A satellite in orbit moves faster when it is close to the planet or other body that it orbits, and slower when it is farther away. When a satellite falls from high altitude to lower altitude, it gains speed, and when it rises from low altitude to higher altitude, it loses speed. A satellite in circular orbit has a constant speed which depends only on the mass of the planet and the distance between the satellite and the center of the planet.
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Geostationary orbit A geostationary orbit, geostationary Earth orbit or geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO) is a circular orbit 35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi) above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation. geostationary orbit can only be achieved at an altitude very close to 35,786 km (22,236 mi), and directly above the Equator. This equates to an orbital velocity of 3.07 km/s (1.91 mi/s) or an orbital period of 1,436 minutes, which equates to almost exactly one sidereal day or 23.934461223 hours.
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Types of Orbits Types of Orbits. What we have just described in the previous section is how a satellite orbits the Earth-it is just like the baseball that goes all the way around the Earth.e can use Kepler's third law to figure out how far out a satellite must be to spend all its time over one part of Earth. The answer is that a satellite has to be placed approximately 22,000 miles (36,000 km) away from the surface of the Earth in order to remain in a GEO orbit.
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Polar orbit Polar orbit. A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution. It therefore has an inclination of (or very close to) 90 degrees to the equator.