which of the following pathological conditions affects part of the retina?
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Macular Degeneration Additionally, because of the increase in our elderly population, there has been an increase in the percentage of the population at risk for this condition. Macular degeneration is a formidable challenge to patients, their doctors, and our society as the costs for delivering state-of-the-art care increase. Macular degeneration, also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), affects the macula, which is the central portion of the retina of the eye. Our central vision (what you see directly in front of you rather than what you see at the side [or periphery] of your vision) is dependent on a healthy macula.
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Retinal Artery Occlusion General Pathology[edit | edit source] Obstruction of the retinal vascular lumen by an embolus, thrombus or inflammatory/ traumatic vessel wall damage or spasm. Giant cell arteritis may also be associated with this condition.
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- Retinal artery occlusion refers to obstruction or blockage of the retinal vascular lumen by an embolus, thrombus or inflammatory/ traumatic vessel wall damage or spasm. The lack of oxygen delivery to the retina during the blockage may result in severe loss of vision.
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- The affected portion of the retina (ischemic) will appear white (retinal ganglion cells swell due to ischemia). In the case of a central retinal artery occlusion, the foveal center (center of the macula) appears red (called a cherry red spot).
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- Photoreceptor cell death is the result of progressive ( geographic ) atrophy of supporting retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), or disruption by pathological neovascularisation that arises from the choroid and penetrates defects in Bruch s membrane.
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Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. When these blood vessels are damaged, they may leak blood and grow fragile new vessels. When the nerve cells are damaged, vision is impaired.
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Simple Anatomy of the Retina A view of the fundus of the eye and of the retina in a patient who has advanced diabetic retinopathy. Retinits pigmentosa (Fig. 24) is a nasty hereditary disease of the retina for which there is no cure at present.
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Overview Diabetic retinopathy (die-uh-BET-ik ret-ih-NOP-uh-thee) is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. It's caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).
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- A tearing or separation of the retina (the light-sensitive lining at the back of the eye) from the underlying tissue. Retinitis Pigmentosa A group of inherited disorders of the retina (the light-sensitive lining at the back of the eye), which cause poor night vision and a progressive loss of side vision.
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- Central serous retinopathy is sometimes misdiagnosed as macular degeneration. Central serous retinopathy is a disorder in which blood vessels underlying the retina leak, and there is secondary detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium.
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- Common retinal diseases and conditions include: 1  Retinal tear. A retinal tear occurs when the clear, gel-like substance in the center of your eye (vitreous) shrinks and tugs on the thin layer of tissue lining the back of your eye (retina) with enough traction to cause a break in the tissue. 2  Retinal detachment.
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Overview Subscribe to our Controlling Your Diabetes e-newsletter to stay up to date on diabetes topics. Diabetic retinopathy (die-uh-BET-ik ret-ih-NOP-uh-thee) is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. It's caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).At first, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Eventually, it can cause blindness. The condition can develop in anyone who has type 1 or type 2 diabetes.ubscribe to our Controlling Your Diabetes e-newsletter to stay up to date on diabetes topics. Diabetic retinopathy (die-uh-BET-ik ret-ih-NOP-uh-thee) is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. It's caused by damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).
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- One of the top 4 causes of blindness (USA) Risk is related to duration and degree of. hyperglycemia. 20 years following diagnosis (<30 years of. age) nearly all have some retinopathy. Definition of DR and clinical features. Progressive dysfunction of the retinal vasculature caused by. chronic hyperglycemia.
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Overview Recurrent iritis can result in glaucoma, a serious eye condition characterized by increased pressure inside the eye and possible vision loss. Calcium deposits on the cornea (band keratopathy). This causes degeneration of your cornea and could decrease your vision. Swelling within the retina (cystoid macular edema).
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- Slow but progressive, it results from the breakdown of cells in the macula, the small central part of the retina that allows a person to see fine detail. Age-related macular degeneration is a degenerative condition of the macula (the central retina).
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Retinitis pigmentosa The initial retinal degenerative symptoms of Retinitis Pigmentosa are characterized by decreased night vision (nyctalopia) and the loss of the mid-peripheral visual field.
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Overview The condition develops as the eye ages. Dry macular degeneration affects the macula — an area of the retina that's responsible for clear vision in your direct line of sight. Over time tissue in your macula may thin and break down. Factors that may increase your risk of macular degeneration include: Age.
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- In later stages of the disease, inflammation of the eye may develop. Parts of the eye that may be affected include the uvea, the middle layer inside the eye, the cornea, part of the outer coat of the eye; the iris, the colored circle around the pupil, and the choroid, a layer of blood vessels in the eye.
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Glossary of Eye Conditions Disease in which the pressure of the fluid inside the eye is too high, resulting in a loss of peripheral vision. If the condition is not diagnosed and treated, the increased pressure can damage the optic nerve and eventually lead to blindness.
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Eye Diseases & Conditions Retinal Vein Occlusion – Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment. Retinal vein occlusion is a condition of the eye that may cause eye pain and partial or total vision loss. These symptoms are caused by a blockage in the retinal vein.
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Usher syndrome The loss of vision is caused by an eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa (RP), which affects the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (the retina). Vision loss occurs as the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually deteriorate.
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- Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) refers to a group of diseases which cause a slow but progressive vision loss. In each of them there is a gradual loss of the light-sensitive retinal cells called rods and cones.
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Eye Damage (Diabetic Retinopathy) Over time, diabetes can cause changes in the retina at the back of the eye. Your retina helps you see by acting like a film projector in the back of your eye, projecting the image to your brain. The change is called retinopathy and there are a couple of different types that affect people with diabetes.
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What Causes Eye Floaters? Retinal vascular occlusion occurs when one of the vessels carrying blood to or from your retina becomes blocked or contains a blood clot. Retinal vascular occlusion occurs when one of the vessels carrying blood to or from your retina becomes blocked or contains a blood clot.
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Vitreoretinal Degeneration, Snowflake Type The retina and vitreous are primarily affected in this disorder. The age of onset is unknown but characteristic signs can be seen early in the second decade of life. Early changes include thickening of the cortical vitreous and white dots in the superficial layers of the retina. The latter are minute yellow-white crystalline deposits more common in the peripheral retina. Many (83%) patients have early onset cataracts. Corneal guttae are common (80% of patients).
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Retinal Vascular Diseases Retinal vascular diseases are conditions that can block or restrict the blood flow throughout the eye structures. Retinal vascular diseases are common in people with high blood pressure, diabetes, and other factors that cause vascular disease in the body.
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neovascularization The condition is the main cause of exudative (wet) age-related macular degeneration and it may be associated with various disorders including angioid streaks, choroidal rupture, pathological myopia, chorioretinal scars and birdshot retinochoroidopathy. See age-related macular degeneration.
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Retinitis pigmentosa Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of related eye disorders that cause progressive vision loss. These disorders affect the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
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Retinal Detachment Overview, Types Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is the most common type and occurs as a result of one or more small tears or holes in the retina. Fluid passes through the hole and flows between the retina and the choroid of the eye. This can cause the retina to separate from the choroid, resulting in detachment.