causes of pediatric respiratory emergencies
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Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies: An Expert Interview with Karen Santucci, MD February 18, 2010 — Editor's note: Pediatric respiratory emergencies result from a variety of causes, including chronic medical conditions, infections, allergic reactions, and obstruction from foreign bodies.
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Pathophysiology NU 545-- Unit 5-- Pulmonary/ Kidney I Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, correlating with structural and functional lung immaturity.
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- Local news reports cite confirmed cases of the novel virus in young children and public school systems are beginning to close. Your hospital’s emergency department is at 130% of normal capacity, all inpatient beds are in use, and two patients with respiratory illness are on mechanical ventilation.
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Croup Croup is caused by an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. It is also called laryngotracheobronchitis since it affects the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. This infection results in inflammation, increased mucus production, and swelling of the upper airways. Although croup usually resolves on its own, some children with croup will require admission to the hospital.
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Learn About Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) 1 hMPV causes upper respiratory infections in people of all ages but is most common in children, particularly under the age of 5.  Symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, and fever. A very small number of individuals may have some shortness of breath.
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Viral Pneumonia Clinical Presentation Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults. Patients with RSV pneumonia typically present with fever, nonproductive cough, otalgia, anorexia, and dyspnea.
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Recognizing RSV Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia in Infants and Young Children Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. Several factors contribute to the development of severe RSV illness.
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Croup and Your Young Child Croup is a condition that causes a swelling of the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). The swelling causes the airway below the vocal cords to become narrow and makes breathing noisy and difficult.It is most commonly caused by an infection.roup with Stridor. 1  Stridor is common with mild croup, especially when a child is crying or active. 2  But if a child has stridor while resting, it can be a sign of more severe croup. 3  As your child's effort to breathe increases, she may stop eating and drinking.
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Croup an acute respiratory syndrome in children and View Full Document. Croup An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords, resulting in a barking cough and stridor. Cyanosis A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood.
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Bacterial Tracheitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis The airways of small children can swell quickly, making it difficult for them to breathe. If your child’s trachea becomes completely blocked, it can lead to respiratory arrest and death. If your child’s infection is caused by S. aureus bacteria, they can also potentially develop toxic shock syndrome.
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Pneumonia in Children Pneumonia in Children. Pneumonia refers to various lower respiratory problems that involve swelling of the small air passages in the lungs (alveoli). Pneumonia in children occurs most often in infancy and early childhood. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or an object lodged in an air passage. Pneumonia may vary from mild to life-threatening. Bacterial pneumonia can be a serious illness.
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Croup What is croup? Croup is a common childhood illness that is caused by a viral infection. The virus causes swelling in the upper airways, including the larynx (the upper airway between the throat and the trachea) and th​e trachea (the windpipe or airway passage from the larynx to the lungs).
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Croup Croup is a common childhood infection that affects breathing. It is recognizable by a “barking” cough. It is caused by a virus and is common during winter and spring months. It usually affects children age 5 and younger, but older children can contract it as well.
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- Alliance for Consumer Education. Children can die the first time, or any time, they try an Inhalant. This is known as Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome. While it can occur with many types of inhalants, it is particularly associated with the abuse of air conditioning coolant, butane, propane, and the chemicals in some aerosol products. Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome is usually associated with cardiac arrest.
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5 Common Causes of Infant Congestion Here are five common causes of infant congestion and what you can do to help your baby breathe easier. 1  Anatomy. 2  Poor Nose Blowing Skills. 3  Irritations. Common Cold Virus.  RSV.
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Infant respiratory distress syndrome IRDS is distinct from pulmonary hypoplasia, another leading cause of neonatal death that involves respiratory distress.
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- Top. 1  Li J, Murphy-Lavoie H, Bugas C, et al. Complications of emergency intubation with and without paralysis. 2  Sagarin MJ, Chiang V, Sakles JC, et al. Rapid sequence intubation for pediatric emergency airway management. 3  Sakles JC, Laurin EG, Rantapaa AA, Panacek EA.
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Croup Croup Causes. Croup is most commonly caused by a viral respiratory infection that is easily passed among children. Common viral causes include parainfluenza (responsible for the majority of infections), influenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus.roup Causes. Croup is most commonly caused by a viral respiratory infection that is easily passed among children. Common viral causes include parainfluenza (responsible for the majority of infections), influenza, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus.
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Tracheal intubation Because the airway of a child is narrow, a small amount of glottic or tracheal swelling can produce critical obstruction. Inserting a tube that is too large relative to the diameter of the trachea can cause swelling.
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- croup is a fairly common respiratory condition in children usually caused by a viral infection or allergic reaction croup affects the windpipe or trachea the bronchi or airways to the lungs and the larynx or voice box
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Preterm birth Respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of respiratory distress in premature infants, correlating with structural and functional lung immaturity. It occurs in 24,000 infants born in the United States annually.
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Croup Croup continues to be one of the most common causes of respiratory distress in young children. 1  Children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years of age are most likely to get croup.  Some children appear to be particularly prone to croup and have a number of infections.
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Symptoms of Breathing Difficulties The most common causes of breathing difficulty in children are asthma and respiratory infections like croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, there are two very serious conditions that can also cause very sudden breathing difficulties: epiglottitis and choking. Symptoms and Signs of Breathing Difficulties.
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- Respiratory distress occurs in approximately 7 percent of infants, 1 and preparation is crucial for physicians providing neonatal care. Most cases are caused by transient tachypnea of the newborn, respiratory distress syndrome, or meconium aspiration syndrome, but various other causes are possible (Table 1) .
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Children's health guide Croup is a common respiratory condition in children caused by either a viral infection or allergy. It affects the windpipe, larynx (voice box) and airways to the lungs, which can become inflamed or filled with mucus.
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- Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder that affects newborns. RDS rarely occurs in full-term infants. The disorder is more common in premature infants born about 6 weeks or more before their due dates.RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant (sur-FAK-tant). Surfactant is a liquid that coats the inside of the lungs.DS rarely occurs in full-term infants. The disorder is more common in premature infants born about 6 weeks or more before their due dates. RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant (sur-FAK-tant).