define: bioavailability
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Bioavailability In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%. However, when a medication is administered via other routes (such as orally), its bioavailability generally decreases (due to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism) or may vary from patient to patient.
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Why Bioavailability Matters for Vitamins and Essential Nutrients While bioavailability is important for good vitamin and nutrient levels at any age, it becomes even more important during the stages of life when we are eating less or fewer foods, like in our first years of life, in our teen years, and when we are older.
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Bioindicator Overview[edit] A bio indicator is an organism or biological response that reveals the presence of the pollutants by the occurrence of typical symptoms or measurable responses, and is therefore more qualitative.
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riboflavin riboflavin (rī'bō-flā'vĭn) A water-soluble compound belonging to the vitamin B complex that is important in carbohydrate metabolism and the maintenance of mucous membranes.
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Roxicodone About 60% to 87% of an oral dose of Oxycodone reaches the systemic circulation in comparison to a parenteral dose. This high oral bioavailability (compared to other oral opioids) is due to lower pre-systemic and/or first-pass metabolism of Oxycodone. The relative oral bioavailability of Oxycodone hydrochloride 15 mg and 30 mg tablets, compared to the 5 mg Oxycodone hydrochloride tablets, is 96% and 101% respectively.
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bioassay 1. (Biochemistry) a method of determining the concentration, activity, or effect of a change to substance by testing its effect on a living organism and comparing this with the activity of an agreed standard. vb. 2. (Biochemistry) (tr) to subject to a bioassay.. (Biochemistry) a method of determining the concentration, activity, or effect of a change to substance by testing its effect on a living organism and comparing this with the activity of an agreed standard. vb. 2. (Biochemistry) (tr) to subject to a bioassay.
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- A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biologic(al) medical product, biological,[1] or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources.
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- Herbal biopharmaceutical means the biopharmaceutical applied to plant extracts, raw materials and active ingredients of herbal nature that often have high bioavailability and absorption problems after oral administration.
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- bi·o·a·vail·a·bil·i·ty. (bī′ō-ə-vā′lə-bĭl′ĭ-tē) n. The degree to which or rate at which a drug or other substance is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiological activity after administration. bi′o·a·vail′a·ble (-lə-bəl) adj.
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- Define biosynthesis. biosynthesis synonyms, biosynthesis pronunciation, biosynthesis translation, English dictionary definition of biosynthesis. n. Formation of a chemical compound by a living organism. Also called biogenesis . bi′o·syn·thet′ic adj. bi′o·syn·thet′i·cal·ly adv. n the formation of...
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Neat, Straight up, and on the Rocks: How to Order a Cocktail When ordering, though, be careful not to throw around cocktail terms like neat, straight up, and on the rocks without knowing what they mean. If you do, you might end up with a drink you didn't want and an unamused bartender.
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Bioavailability In pharmacology, in order to determine absolute bioavailability of a drug, a pharmacokinetic study must be done to obtain a plasma drug concentration vs time plot for the drug after both intravenous (iv) and extravascular (non-intravenous, i.e., oral) administration.n pharmacology, in order to determine absolute bioavailability of a drug, a pharmacokinetic study must be done to obtain a plasma drug concentration vs time plot for the drug after both intravenous (iv) and extravascular (non-intravenous, i.e., oral) administration.
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Recent Developments in Delivery, Bioavailability, Absorption and Metabolism of Curcumin: the Golden Pigment from Golden Spice In addition, over one hundred clinical studies have been carried out with curcumin. One of the major problems with curcumin is perceived to be the bioavailability. How curcumin should be delivered in vivo, how bioavailable is it, how well curcumin is absorbed and how it is metabolized, is the focus of this review.
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Bioavailability of vitamins. Bioavailability of vitamins. Sauberlich HE. In recent years, there has been a reduction in caloric intake in populations with decreased energy demands. This has place a greater emphasis on the bioavailability of nutrients in foods because the total intake of nutrients is generally closely linked with total caloric intake.
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Biological value Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body.It captures how readily the digested protein can be used in protein synthesis in the cells of the organism. Proteins are the major source of nitrogen in food.nother limitation of the use of Biological Value as a measure of protein quality is that proteins which are completely devoid of one essential amino acid (EAA) can still have a BV of up to 40.
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ReviewPharmaceutical particle technologies: An approach to improve drug solubility, dissolution and bioavailability Abstract. Pharmaceutical particle technology is employed to improve poor aqueous solubility of drug compounds that limits in vivo bioavailability owing to their low dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal fluids following oral administration.bstract. Pharmaceutical particle technology is employed to improve poor aqueous solubility of drug compounds that limits in vivo bioavailability owing to their low dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal fluids following oral administration.
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- Effects of food matrix and chemical form of nutrients. The first step in making a nutrient bioavailable is to liberate it from the food matrix and turn it into a chemical form that can bind to and enter the gut cells or pass between them.nderstanding nutrient bioavailability helps optimise diets and set appropriate nutrient recommendations. Defining nutrient bioavailability. Several definitions exist for nutrient bioavailability, but broadly it refers to the proportion of a nutrient that is absorbed from the diet and used for normal body functions.
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Heroin Heroin's oral bioavailability is both dose-dependent (as is morphine's) and significantly higher than oral use of morphine itself, reaching up to 64.2% for high doses and 45.6% for low doses; opiate-naive users showed far less absorption of the drug at low doses, having bioavailabilities of only up to 22.9%.
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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION Oral Bioavailability. Gabapentin bioavailability is not dose proportional; i.e., as dose is increased, bioavailability decreases. Bioavailability of gabapentin is approximately 60%, 47%, 34%, 33%, and 27% following 900, 1200, 2400, 3600, and 4800 mg/day given in 3 divided doses, respectively.he recommended maintenance dose of NEURONTIN is 300 mg to 600 mg three times a day. Dosages up to 2400 mg/day have been well tolerated in long-term clinical studies. Doses of 3600 mg/day have also been administered to a small number of patients for a relatively short duration, and have been well tolerated.
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The Bioavailability of Iron In Vitamins The Bioavailability of Iron In Vitamins. This article examines the purpose of iron in the body, looking at who may be deficient and discusses the bioavailability of iron in vitamins if a deficiency is diagnosed. It looks at the best forms of iron to take for maximum absorption.
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biology the property of some organisms, as fireflies, of producing light. — bioluminescent, adj. biometrics, biometry. 1. the calculation of the probable extent of human lifespans. 2. the application to biology of mathematical and statistical theory and methods.
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Chapter 06: Protein ANS: A The measurement of food protein quality that is based on the amount retained in the body after digestion, absorption, and excretion is biologic value.
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- This work collects bioassay protocols for evaluating the therapeutic moieties resulting from chemical, biological, and natural processes; for exploring the mechanisms of action of therapeutic moieties in cells, tissues, and organs; and for measuring chemical toxicity and hepatotoxicity of therapeutic compounds.
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Bioavailability Bioavailability is defined slightly differently for drugs as opposed to dietary supplements primarily due to the method of administration and Food and Drug Administration regulations.
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Biotinylation (December 2009) In biochemistry, biotinylation is the process of covalently attaching biotin to a protein, nucleic acid or other molecule. Biotinylation is rapid, specific and is unlikely to perturb the natural function of the molecule due to the small size of biotin (MW = 244.31 g/mol).
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Implications of intraindividual variability in bioavailability studies of furosemide. Intraindividual variation in absorption is a confounding factor in bioavailability studies of furosemide using limited numbers of subjects. This is important to consider when designing and evaluating bioavailability studies for drugs showing these variations.