# upper case
a = "Hello World"
print(a.upper())

# lower case
a = "Hello World"
print(a.lower())

# remove white space
a = " Hello World"
print(a)
print(a.strip())

# replace
a = "Hello World"
print(a.replace("H", "J"))

# split
a = "Hello World"
print(a.split(","))
