Treatment Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation as needed Supplemental oxygen as needed to keep PaO2 high to relax pulmonary vasculature in cases with PPH Surfactant IV antibiotics Inhaled nitric oxide in severe cases of PPH Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) if unresponsive to above therapies Routine deep suctioning (ie, intubating to suction below the cords) of neonates delivered with meconium-stained fluid has not been shown to improve outcome.