In children, common causes are Lower respiratory tract infection Foreign body aspiration Massive hemoptysis The most common causes of massive hemoptysis have changed over time and vary by geographic region but include the following: Bronchogenic carcinoma Bronchiectasis TB and other pneumonias Table Evaluation of Hemoptysis History History of present illness should cover the duration and temporal patterns (eg, abrupt onset, cyclical recurrence), provoking factors (eg, allergen exposure, cold, exertion, supine position), and approximate volume of hemoptysis (eg, streaking, teaspoon, cup).