Complications post-exchange transfusion occurred in 18 cases (54.5%) with electrolytic troubles (36.4%), thrombocytopenia (15.2%), sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, pneumonia by aspiration and 1 death. Conclusions: Our series had 33 newborns, in which, 94% were admitted in severe jaundice (Kramer V), 8 cases appeared to have symptoms of acute bilirubin encephalopathy, 91% received exchange transfusion in emergency care (within the first 12 hours from admission).