Indications include the following: Aortic insufficiency Coronary artery stenosis causing symptomatic coronary artery disease or ischemic cardiomyopathy Dissection of enlarged aortic aneurysm Severe hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis that is refractory to medical management Limb ischemia that interferes with daily activities Brain ischemia Coarctation of the aorta Inability to measure blood pressure accurately (in any limb) Bypass grafting preferably with an autologous graft has the best patency rates.