Natalia Shulzhenko, MD, PhD, said: "Some of associations of taxa [bacteria groupings] with type 2 diabetes reported by this study are new." Shulzhenko and colleagues recently published a review of the role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology that summarized evidence from 42 human studies as well as preclinical studies and clinical trials of probiotic treatments (EBioMedicine.