Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Risk factor modification Exercise Antiplatelet drugs Sometimes pentoxifylline or cilostazol for claudication Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or surgery for severe disease All patients require aggressive risk factor modification for relief of peripheral arterial disease symptoms and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including smoking cessation (essential); control of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension; structured exercise therapy; and dietary changes.