Red flags The following findings are of particular concern: Dyspnea at rest during examination Decreased level of consciousness or agitation or confusion Accessory muscle use and poor air excursion Chest pain Crackles Weight loss Night sweats Palpitations Interpretation of findings The history and physical examination often suggest a cause and guide further testing (1 —see tables Some Causes of Acute Dyspnea, Some Causes of Subacute Dyspnea, and Some Causes of Chronic Dyspnea).