Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology, treatment modalities and to determine mortality risks in hospitalized children with chronic renal failure (CRF in HoChiMinh City - Vietnam. Patients and methods: We reviewed from January 2001 to December 2005 the records of 310 children with CRF hospitalized in HoChiMinh City. Results: The average annual number case of hospitalized children with CRF was 4.8 per million-child population native to HoChiMinh City.