Objectives: The objects of this study is to evaluate the relationship between history of induced abortion and second - trimester sponstaneous abortion with preterm delivery. Methods: The unmatched case - control study took place at the Hung Vuong Hospital in Ho Chi Minh city from February 2009 to September 2009.The 198 sponstaneous preterm delivery case were compared with 396 randomly selected woman who deliveried spontaneously at term. Results: Woman with a history of induced abortion were at higher risk of spontaneous preterm delivery than those with no such history (OR=2.7, 95% CI (1.05 - 6.85)).