The mean operative time of the group using the internal vessels was 398 ± 67.13 minutes, the mean operative time of the group using the thoracodorsal vessels was 314.74 ± 48.46 minutes (p = 0.04). There are 27/29 flaps survival, 2/29 cases (6.9%, of which 1 case using the internal mammary vessel, 1 case using the thoracodorsal vessels) with total necrosis.