Lung 198 (2): 257 - 270, 2020. doi: 10.1007 / s00408 - 020 - 00342 - 5 Key Points Risk factors for childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) include obesity, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, anatomic (including craniofacial) abnormalities, genetic abnormalities, drugs, and disorders causing hypertonia or hypotonia.