- Predictors of persistent pleural effusion included NYHA class III heart failure before surgery (OR: 4.9; 95% CI: 1.1 - 20.5), surgical anatomy of double-outlet right ventricle with transposition of the great arteries (OR: 31.0; 95% CI: 1, 3 - 711.6), atrioventricular valve regurgitation (OR: 70.7; 95% CI: 3.2 - 1523.2), ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (OR: 8.2; 95% CI: 1.6 - 42.7), small pulmonary arteries (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98 - 0.99) and pulmonary hypertention immediately after surgery (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.01-1.5).