Rate of the failure of anti-tuberculosis treatment in smoking patients was higher than in non-smoking patients (12% versus 1.4%) (p=0.0083). Rate of sputum conversion at 2-month, 5-month and 8-month anti tuberculosis therapy in smoking patients with positive AFB PTB was significantly lower than in non-smoking patients (in turn 58%, 79%, 88% versus 85.1%, 94.6%, 98.6%) (p<0.01).