Reasons include the following: An unfamiliar environment A cluttered path to the toilet Disorders that impair ambulation A bed that is too high Bed rails Hampering equipment such as IV lines, nasal oxygen lines, cardiac monitors, and catheters Psychoactive drugs that may reduce the perception of the need to void, inhibit bladder or bowel function, or impair ambulation Drugs that may result in urinary incontinence (eg, anticholinergic drugs and opioids, causing overflow urinary incontinence; diuretics, causing urge incontinence) Bedpans may be uncomfortable, especially for postsurgical patients or patients with chronic arthritis.