Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection By Edward R Cachay, MD, MAS, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Reviewed / Revised Feb 2023 View Patient Education Epidemiology Transmission Pathophysiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Screening for HIV Treatment Prognosis Prevention Key Points More Information Topic Resources Simplified HIV life cycle Oral Candidiasis (Labial... Oral Candidiasis Due to HIV Disseminated Bartonellosis... Crusted (Norwegian) Scabies Kaposi Sarcoma (AIDS-Associated) Kaposi Sarcoma (Early Stage) Kaposi Sarcoma (Face) Kaposi Sarcoma (Shoulder) Kaposi Sarcoma (Upper Extremity) Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Anal Carcinoma AIDS-Defining Illness: Coccidioid... HIV Transmission Risk for... HTLV Infections Common Manifestations Associated.. AIDS-Defining Illnesses Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers.