Anthrax By Larry M Bush, MD, FACP, Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University; Maria T Vazquez-Pertejo, MD, FACP, Wellington Regional Medical Center Reviewed / Revised Mar 2023 View Patient Education Etiology Pathophysiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Prevention Key Points More Information Topic Resources Anthrax Screening for Exposed.. Anthrax (Cutaneous) Bacillus anthracis Anthrax (Inhalation) Anthrax is caused by the gram-positive Bacillus anthracis, which are toxin-producing, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic organisms.