Purpose: To review the efficacy of Erlotinib for treating non - small cell lung cancer. Methods: A case report. Results: This is a non-small cell lung cancer, histology is poor differential squamous cell carcinoma, EGFR immunohistochemistry (IHC): Negative, after right pulmonectomy, the patient had poor response to one course of standard chemotherapy: Paclitaxel - Carboplatine, with clinical symptoms: dorsal decubitus dyspnea, laryngeal wheezing, quickly worsening.