Indications for screening include Close contact with a person who has active pulmonary TB Chest x-ray evidence of past TB infection Risk factors for exposure to TB (eg, people who have immigrated within 5 years from high-risk areas, indigent patients, IV drug users, selected health care practitioners such as respiratory therapists and practitioners working with high-risk populations) Risk factors for development of active TB (eg, HIV infection or other impaired immunity, gastrectomy, jejunoileal bypass surgery, silicosis, renal insufficiency, diabetes, head or neck cancer, age > 70 years) Therapeutic immunosuppression with corticosteroids, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, or cancer chemotherapy In the US, most children and other people without specific TB risk factors should not be tested to minimize the number of false-positive results.