Dose optimization can be done by getting multiple post-distribution levels (1 to 2 hours after the end of the infusion and a trough) and calculating the AUC using first-order kinetic equations, using a software-based Bayesian approach using 1 or 2 levels, or by titrating a continuous infusion to a steady-state concentration of 20 to 25 mcg / mL (13.8 to 17.25 micromol / L).