Effects may include Local tissue damage, causing edema and ecchymosis Vascular endothelial damage Hemolysis A disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - like (defibrination) syndrome Pulmonary, cardiac, renal, and neurologic defects Venom alters capillary membrane permeability, causing extravasation of electrolytes, albumin, and red blood cells through vessel walls into the envenomated site.