Strategies include Eating small meals and avoiding or carefully choosing snacks Substituting fresh fruits and vegetables and salads for refined carbohydrates and processed food Substituting water for soft drinks or juices Limiting alcohol consumption to moderate levels Including no - or low-fat dairy products, which are part of a healthy diet and help provide an adequate amount of vitamin D Low-calorie, high-fiber diets that modestly restrict calories (by 600 kcal / day) and that incorporate lean protein appear to have the best long-term outcome.