Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis; Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis; Polio) By Brenda L Tesini, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Reviewed / Revised Jun 2023 View Patient Education Pathophysiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Prevention Key Points More Information Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by a poliovirus (an enterovirus).