Subjects, time, and place of the study The study subjects includes 85 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Thalassemia (including 27 α-Thalassaemia patients and 56 β-Thalassaemia patients and 2 patients carried alpha and beta genes) during the study period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 at the Department of Nephrology, Blood and Endocrinology, Hai Phong Children's Hospital.