Wehave started r-VATS since July 2018, using conventionalthoracoscopicaccesses (trocars) and reported our initial results after 18 months with 116 cases. Lobectomy57 cases, wedge resection9 cases; thymectomy19cases, mediastinal tumorresection 28 cases, esophagectomy 1 case, esophageal leiomyoma resection 1 case, and diaphragm plication 1 case.