Effective drugs include Peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs), such as naloxegol 25 mg orally once a day (morning) and methylnaltrexone (subcutaneously) 12 mg/0.6mL or 450 mg orally once a day Chloride channel agonists (activators), such as lubiprostone (oral) 24 mcg orally 2 times a day Both PAMORAs and chloride channel agonists can be used throughout the course of opioid therapy for noncancer pain.