Thirty matched patients who received melphalan plus prednisone and thalidomide (MPT) therapy were used as a historical control group Results: Among 28 of the 30 patients whom could be evaluated, the overall response rate was 71.4% (the control group was 30%, P < 0.05), including complete response in 5 patients (17.8%), very good partial response in 10 patients (35.7%), and partial response in 5 patients (17.8%).