Most guidelines recommend lipid profile screening in patients with any of the following characteristics: Men ≥ 40 years Women ≥ 40 years and post-menopausal women Family history of familial hypercholesterolemia or premature cardiovascular disease (ie, age of onset < 55 years in male 1st degree relative, or < 65 years in female 1st degree relative) Type 2 diabetes Hypertension Metabolic syndrome Chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≤ 60 mL / minute/1.73 m 2 or albumin - to-creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥ 3 mg / mmol) Current cigarette smoking Chronic inflammatory conditions HIV infection History of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (preeclampsia or eclampsia) Currently, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends using the pooled cohort risk assessment equations (see Downloadable AHA Risk Calculator) to estimate lifetime and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.