JAMA 314 (21): 2280 - 2293, 2015. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2015.16303 Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Control of risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, alcohol use, and sedative use Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or oral appliances Sometimes surgery, or nerve stimulation An apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 per hour defines a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea; treatment is given only to patients who have symptoms (sleepiness with fatigue, nonrestorative sleep, and snoring / gasping / choking).