Dystonia may be Primary (idiopathic) Secondary to central nervous system (CNS) disorders or drugs CNS disorders that can cause dystonias include Wilson disease Pantothenate kinase‒associated neurodegeneration [PKAN] associated with PANK2 mutations [previously, Hallervorden-Spatz disease] Various lipidoses Multiple sclerosis Cerebral palsy Stroke Brain hypoxia Drugs that most commonly cause dystonias include Antipsychotics (eg, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones) Antiemetics (eg, metoclopramide, prochlorperazine) Dystonia may resemble athetosis and choreoathetosis and should be distinguished from them because etiology and management may differ.