Etiology of Uveitis Causes of anterior uveitis include Idiopathic or postsurgical (most common cause) Trauma Spondyloarthropathies Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Herpesvirus infection (herpes simplex virus [HSV], varicella-zoster virus [VZV], and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) Causes of intermediate uveitis include Idiopathic (most common) Multiple sclerosis Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis (TB) Syphilis Lyme disease (in endemic regions) Causes of posterior uveitis (retinitis) include Idiopathic (most common) Toxoplasmosis CMV (in immunocompromised patients) HSV / VZV Sarcoidosis Syphilis TB Causes of panuveitis include Idiopathic (most common) Sarcoidosis TB Vogt-Koynagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) Syphilis Infrequently, systemic drugs cause uveitis (usually anterior).