Table Diagnostic Tests for Some Bacterial Pathogens Microorganism Microscopy Culture NAAT Antigen Detection Antibody Detection Anaplasma species ✓ ✓ ✓ Bacillus anthracis ✓ ✓ ✓ Bartonella species ✓ ✓ ✓ Bordetella pertussis ✓ ✓ ✓ Borrelia species ✓ * ✓ * ✓ Brucella species ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Chlamydia species ✓ ✓ Clostridium botulinum ✓ ✓ ✓ Clostridioides difficile ✓ ✓ ✓ Clostridium tetani ✓ ✓ Corynebacterium diphtheriae ✓ Coxiella species ✓ ✓ Erysipelothrix species ✓ ✓ Francisella tularensis ✓ ✓ Haemophilus ducreyi ✓ ✓ Helicobacter pylori ✓ ✓ * ✓ Kingella species ✓ * ✓ ✓ Klebsiella species ✓ ✓ Legionella species ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Leptospira species ✓ * ✓ ✓ Listeria species ✓ ✓ ✓ Mycoplasma species ✓ ✓ Neisseria species ✓ ✓ ✓ Nocardia ✓ ✓ ✓ Rhodococcus equus ✓ ✓ Rickettsial species ✓ ✓ Streptococcus species ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Treponema pallidum ✓ ✓ ✓ Tropheryma whipplei ✓ ✓ Vibrio species ✓ ✓ Yersinia pestis ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Adapted from Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 9th Edition.