These disorders include the following: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease Nephronophthisis and medullary cystic kidney disease complex Sickle cell nephropathy Release of obstructing periureteral fibrosis Medullary sponge kidney Pyelonephritis Hypercalcemia Amyloidosis Sjögren syndrome Bardet-Biedl syndrome Certain cancers (eg, myeloma, sarcoma) Many drugs, especially lithium, but also others (eg, demeclocycline, amphotericin B, dexamethasone, dopamine, ifosfamide, ofloxacin, orlistat) Possibly chronic hypokalemic nephropathy Acquired NDI can also be idiopathic.