Urinalysis A complete urinalysis includes the following: Inspection for color, appearance, and odor Measurement of pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, hemoglobin (suggesting RBCs), nitrites, and white blood cell (WBC) esterase by dipstick reagents Microscopic analysis for casts, crystals, and cells (urine sediment) Bilirubin and urobilinogen, although standard parts of many dipstick tests, no longer play significant roles in evaluation of renal or hepatic disorders.