Complications include Gastric and / or anastomotic leaks (in 1 to 3%) Pulmonary complications (eg, ventilator dependence, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism) Myocardial infarction Wound infection Incisional hernia Small-bowel obstruction Gastrointestinal bleeding Ventral hernia Deep venous thrombosis These complications can cause significant morbidity, prolong hospitalization, and increase costs.