Neurotransmission By Kenneth Maiese, MD, Rutgers University Reviewed / Revised Apr 2022 | Modified Sep 2022 View Patient Education Major Neurotransmitters and Receptors Disorders Associated With Defects in Neurotransmission Topic Resources Nerve Impulse Neurotransmission Examples of Disorders Associated.. A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells).