These elements are encoded on plasmids or transposons and enable the microorganisms to synthesize enzymes that Modify or inactivate the antimicrobial agent Change the antimicrobial agent's ability to accumulate in the bacterial cell Resist inhibition by the antimicrobial agent (eg, alteration in the target sites of antibiotics is a common mechanism of resistance) Minimizing inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and in animal and crop farming is important for public health.