2.2.6 Some standards and definitions used in the study 2.2.7 Handling some unwanted effects 2.2.8 Data processing 2.2.9 Ethical issues in research 13 2.2.10 Research Diagram Select patients to study 104 patients Conduct anesthesia, surgery Bupivacain Group (52 patients): Pain reduction by bupivacain 0.1% combine fentanyl 1 µg / ml Ropivacain Group (52 patients): Pain reduction by ropivacain 0.1% combine fentanyl 1 µg / ml PCEA installation Bolus 3 ml / time Lock 15 minutes Limit: 40 ml/4h Base dose: 3 ml / h Pain assessment based on VAS scale Record research indicators in data collection form Stop pain reduction Withdrawal of the epidural catheter 14 Chapter 3 RES EARCH RESULTS 3.1 Characteristics of research patients The mean age in our study was 71.6 ± 8.9, with the lowest age in the study being 60 and the highest at 98.