Diagnosis of Neonatal Conjunctivitis Testing of conjunctival material for pathogens including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and, sometimes, herpes Conjunctival material is Gram stained, cultured for gonorrhea (eg, on modified Thayer-Martin medium) and other bacteria, and tested for chlamydia (eg, by culture, direct immunofluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [samples must contain cells]).