Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia By Juebin Huang, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center Reviewed / Revised Feb 2023 View Patient Education Etiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Treatment Prognosis Key Points Topic Resources Differences Between Vascular... Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia is acute or chronic cognitive deterioration due to diffuse or focal cerebral infarction that is most often related to cerebrovascular disease.