Risk factors There are several risk factors for caries: Inadequate plaque control Dental defects Diet, particularly frequent consumption of dietary carbohydrates and sugars High-acid and / or low-fluoride environment Characteristics of saliva, including reduced salivary flow (eg, due to drugs, radiation therapy, systemic disorders that cause salivary gland dysfunction), and buffering capacity and pH Hereditary genetic factors Many teeth have open enamel pits, fissures, and grooves, which may extend from the surface to the dentin (see figure Types of cavities).