Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) By Alana M Nevares, MD, The University of Vermont Medical Center Reviewed / Revised Oct 2022 View Patient Education Classification Etiology Pathophysiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Prognosis Treatment Key Points Topic Resources Systemic Sclerosis of the Hand Systemic Sclerosis of the... Systemic Sclerosis of the Foot Elbow Contracture in Systemic... Dilated Capillary Loops Capillaroscopy Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by diffuse fibrosis and vascular abnormalities in the skin, joints, and internal organs (especially the esophagus, lower gastrointestinal tract, lungs, heart, and kidneys).