Testing of infants at low risk is recommended at the following ages: 14 to 21 days 1 to 2 months (at least 2 weeks after cessation of ARV prophylaxis) 4 to 6 months Higher risk of perinatal HIV transmission is defined as a mother living with HIV infection who has one or more of the following factors: Did not receive prenatal care Did not receive ART during pregnancy, or received only intrapartum ART Initiated ART late in pregnancy (during the late second or third trimester) Diagnosed with acute HIV infection during pregnancy Had an unknown or a detectable (≥ 50 copies / mL) HIV plasma viral load near delivery (particularly when delivery was vaginal) Had acute or primary HIV infection during pregnancy or is breastfeeding (in which case breastfeeding should be stopped) Testing of infants at higher risk is recommended at the following ages: Birth (blood sample should be from newborn, not from umbilical cord blood) 14 to 21 days 1 to 2 months 2 to 3 months (2 to 6 weeks after cessation of ARV prophylaxis) 4 to 6 months A positive test should be confirmed immediately using the same or another virologic test; two positive tests confirm HIV infection.