The last few years have seen new funding opportunities and a revitalized antiretroviral drugs with highly efficacy and safety, there are considerable efforts to expand programs aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission, as well as highly active antiretroviral therapy should be started as early as confirmed HIV infection woman irrespective of gestational age (as soon as possible thereafter). The routine HIV screening should be offered at the first prenatal visit, as the ideal time to initiate treatment of the HIV positive, which can be decrease the rate of vertical transmission.