Clinical measurements including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding o n probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained; and quantitative analyses of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), were performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (T4) and 8 weeks (T8) after periodontitis treatment.