Complications Respiratory depression Oxygen desaturation Hypotension (rarely significant in the absence of concurrent serious disease or cardiovascular compromise) Aspiration (rare) Particular to etomidate: Myoclonus (minimal and brief, rarely clinically significant); adrenal suppression (usually inconsequential and transient) Particular to fentanyl: Chest wall rigidity (rigid chest syndrome) due to too-rapid IV push (infrequent at the low dose used for analgesia) Particular to ketamine: Occasional laryngospasm or apnea (prevented by adhering to slow push [> 30 to 60 seconds]); sympathomimetic effects (hypertension, tachycardia, which pose risk to patients with ischemic heart disease or underlying hypertension); on recovery, vomiting or emergence reactions (anxiety / panic / hallucinatory episode), more frequent in adults than in children Equipment Monitoring equipment (pulse oximeter, capnograph [end-tidal CO2 monitor], blood pressure cuff, cardiac monitor) IV catheters and fluid (eg, 0.9% saline) Supplemental oxygen (with high-flow capacity) Suction source and tips Airway management equipment, especially a bag-valve-mask (BVM) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation equipment PSA drugs and reversal agents (see examples below) Additionally, for nitrous oxide administration: Fail-safe gas administration equipment (built-in lower limit of 30% oxygen delivery); demand valve mask or continuous flow mask; ambient nitrous oxide sensor and gas scavenger apparatus (for removal of exhaled nitrous oxide from room air) PSA drugs Sedative-hypnotics (primarily sedative, anxiolytic, and amnestic): Midazolam IV, IM, intranasal: Short-acting sedation (benzodiazepine); IV onset 1 to 2 minutes, duration 10 to 40 minutes Propofol IV: Ultra-short-acting, deep sedation; onset 30 seconds, duration 5 minutes Etomidate IV: Ultra-short-acting, deep sedation; onset 5 to 15 seconds; duration 5 to 15 minutes The sedative-hypnotics are highly sedating (with accompanying decreased response to pain), but they provide no direct analgesia.