HBsAg (+) rate was consistently higher in fathers than in other household members, either in the whole study population: 23.1% versus 10.6 - 11% (p=0.004), (OR (95% CI): 1.69 (0.73 - 3.92)), or in households with at least one HBsAg (+) person: 61.5% versus 23.1 - 40.8% (p=0.001), (OR (95% CI): 2.91 (1.02 - 5.68)).