Indications Secure or long-term venous access that is not available using other sites Inability to obtain peripheral venous access or intraosseous infusion IV infusion of fluids and drugs for patients in cardiac arrest IV infusion of concentrated or irritating fluids IV infusion of high flows or large fluid volumes beyond what is possible using peripheral venous catheters Monitoring of central venous pressure (CVP) Hemodialysis or plasmapheresis * Transvenous cardiac pacing (see video How to Insert a Transvenous Pacemaker) or pulmonary arterial monitoring (Swan-Ganz catheter) † * The subclavian vein may be less preferred for stiff catheters (because of difficulty achieving the sharp turn into the superior van cava) or large-bore hemodialysis catheters (which can cause venous stenosis that renders the ipsilateral arm unsuitable for arteriovenous shunt placement).