A useful mnemonic for many transient causes is DIAPPERS (with an extra P): D elirium, I nfection (commonly, symptomatic urinary tract infections), A trophic urethritis and vaginitis, P harmaceuticals (eg, those with alpha-adrenergic, cholinergic, or anticholinergic properties; diuretics; sedatives), P sychiatric disorders (especially depression), E xcess urine output (polyuria), R estricted mobility, and S tool impaction.