Complications Injury to nearby mucosa, teeth, maxilla (eg, maxillary tuberosity or sinus), or jaw (eg, fracture, temporomandibular joint injury) due to excessive or misdirected force Perforation of the maxillary sinus during extraction of maxillary molars, or some premolars Nerve injury resulting in sensory changes (eg, numbness, protracted pain, hypersensitivity, loss of taste) Loss of tooth or tooth fragment in maxillary sinus Aspiration of tooth Equipment Dental chair, straight chair with head support, or stretcher Light source for intraoral illumination Nonsterile gloves Mask and safety glasses, or face shield Gauze pads Cotton-tipped applicators Dental mirror or tongue blade Suction, preferably narrow tip (3 - to 5-mm) not Yankauer Rubber bite block for lower teeth (to help protect the TMJ by preventing excessive pressure on the mandible—pediatric size is usually adequate for both children and adults) Retractors (eg, Minnesota cheek retractor, Weider tongue retractor) Elevators—#9 Molt: periosteal elevator; #301 (narrow) or #34 (wide): straight elevators; #92: bayonet elevator Forceps—#150 or #150S (small): universal upper forceps; #151 or #151S (small): universal lower forceps Minimal basic dental instruments include small periosteal elevator (Molt or Freer), #301 elevator, and universal forceps (#150 - upper, #151 - lower).