In addition to history and physical examination findings, target organ involvement should be evaluated using tests that can be done quickly: ECG and chest x-ray to evaluate for heart failure and ventricular hypertrophy—if possible, an echocardiogram, which is much more accurate Urinalysis to screen for renal parenchymal disease Serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine to screen for kidney dysfunction (elevated creatinine) and adrenal abnormalities (low potassium) Complete blood count to screen for hemolytic-uremic syndrome CT or MRI of the head if significant neurologic findings Drug and pregnancy testing in adolescents Hypertensive encephalopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion.