Other risk factors that facilitate reactivation, but to a lesser extent than HIV infection, include Diabetes Head and neck cancer Gastrectomy Jejunoileal bypass surgery Dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease Significant weight loss Use of drugs that suppress the immune system Patients who require immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation are at the highest risk, but other immunosuppressants such as corticosteroids and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors also commonly cause reactivation.