Preventive measures are indicated for the following: Postmenopausal women Older men Patients who have osteopenia Patients who already have osteoporosis (to prevent worsening) Patients taking high-dose and / or long-term systemic glucocorticoids or aromatase inhibitors Patients with osteoporosis Patients with secondary causes for bone loss Preventive measures for all of these patients include appropriate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercise, and other ways to reduce risk (eg, avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol).