Clinical symptoms included: Abdominal pain 100%, abdominal distension 46.3%, abdominal wall injury 35.8%, and associated injury including: Thoracic trauma 29.9%, extremity trauma 19.4%, maxillofacial trauma 10.4%, brain trauma 1.5%, spinal trauma 1.5%, pelvic trauma 4.5%, spleen 11.9%, kidney and adrenal gland 7.5%.