In Vietnam, newborns with severe jaundice requiring exchange transfusion are not hard to find, and some of them have already had symtoms of acute bilirubin encephalopathy at admission. Objective: To identify the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, therapeutical characteristics and potential adverse effects of exchange transfusion in newborns with severe jaundice requiring exchange transfusion at Pediatric Hospital No 2 in 2010.