Thrombocytopenia Causes of thrombocytopenia can be classified by mechanism (see table Classification of Thrombocytopenia) and include Decreased platelet production Increased splenic sequestration of platelets with normal platelet survival Increased platelet destruction or consumption (both immunologic and nonimmunologic causes) Dilution of platelets Table A large number of drugs may cause thrombocytopenia, typically by triggering immunologic destruction.