Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Setting: Dong Thap province in the Mekong delta, from 2003 to the first eight moths of 2006 Methods: Among the total of 272 deaths aged less than 16 years occurring in the duration of the study, secondary data were collected including age, sex, time at death (month, year, in or out of flooding season), place of death (indoor or outdoor), and residence (district or township).