Smallpox (Variola) By Brenda L Tesini, MD, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Reviewed / Revised Apr 2023 View Patient Education Pathophysiology Symptoms and Signs Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Key Points More Information Topic Resources Smallpox Risk Assessment... Smallpox Vaccinia—Progressive (Skin... Vaccinia—Progressive (Deep.. Eczema Vaccinatum Vaccinia—Generalized Smallpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the smallpox virus, an orthopoxvirus.