[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are ads on TV right now suggesting that Republicans have been working on something pretty special.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you need any more proof of how unprepared Republicans are right now, let me show you one of the draft bills they circulated. It is just seven pages long, and it ends abruptly with the word placeholder. And one member of Congress actually tried to spin that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best sense we currently have of what Republicans want to do is from previous plans from both Price and Paul Ryan and from these talking points.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That Ryan gave out ahead of the congressional recess. You're gonna be hearing a few phrases from this a lot in the coming months. So let's take a moment to understand what they actually mean. And let's start with the big one, which Ryan has been talking up a great deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, refundable tax credits, basically free money to help pay your premiums, which is a little surprising coming from Paul Ryan, a man who probably tips waiters by writing on the cheque, but you should know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The key problem with HSAs should be obvious here. They're great for rich people. They're basically a tax shelter. But if you're too poor to save, or you get sick enough to blow through what you've saved, you're not going to be covered, and you have that thong problem again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't believe we've met. Yes we have, six times. I'm Grant.


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[Assistant] Paul Ryan wants to use block grants to fund Medicaid, which largely provides healthcare to the poorest Americans. Basically, he wants to stop guaranteeing to pay each state a percentage of their Medicaid costs, and instead, just send them a fixed block of money. But, if costs start to rise, and the block grant doesn't keep pace, guess what? It's that thong. Thong for thong thong thong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because three years ago, a study estimated that adequately funding high-risk pools just to maintain Obamacare levels of coverage would cost around $178 billion a year. Guess how much Tom Price set aside?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the mandate keeps younger, healthier people in the system, which is crucial to lower the cost for everyone else and to keep in popular provisions like, among other things, not punishing fat babies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Republican solution is to make it really painful for you to get insurance again if you drop it at any point for any reason. They use the positive sounding term, continuous coverage incentive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was in place of an explanation of the continuous coverage incentive. Basically, this is a subject so toxic, they'd rather just go abruptly silent, much like when you're a white person singing karaoke and you realize, uh-oh, we have an N-word coming up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You gave President Obama for saying you can keep your doctor. Let me remind you what Donald Trump has promised that you are going to do.


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[Assistant] All the other artists that were in this category, I love you all. You guys are amazing. You deserve just as much as I do. And I know your fans are hardcore, and they're gonna fight for you guys, and they love you, and they're gonna talk shit about me for years. Cause of this. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's up y'all, this is B.O.B. This is G-Eazy. I'm Moe. This is Julia Michaels. This is Logic. Make sure you subscribe to the Recording Academy channel. Flex.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, look there. You can't beat old Macpherson. There's something for every occasion. Close your eyes and take a choice. A funeral? There's the urn for grandfather's ashes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who else should I tell? You know about these things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, it's not like that. She hasn't seen him for three years.


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[Assistant] Breadful, that lawyer's eye of yours, Keith. Seeing so much and understanding so little. If I'd been in the dark, that's what you would have said of me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I must just wait this one week and see him released. But Larry... I'm psyche. I'll do everything you tell me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How does a rich man treat his girl, Keith? Close?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said I mustn't see you. The police might find you. Then just now in court they called Madame Wallen. And it wasn't you. You're no more Madame Wallen than the Queen. The woman was standing there saying I'm his wife. Is that why you are so happy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last day of the holidays before school. That awful cloud. Last mendings and the prayer that something might happen.


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[Assistant] But it's no good, Keith. Call me as weak as water if you like.


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[Assistant] Tonight I have a great surprise for you. Presenting for the first time our new singing hostess, the girl from Havana.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wouldn't give you a cent. A cent more than eight hundred dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, I only saw them twice. I don't know nothing. They come all day and all night. I never ask questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure. Things like that go right in one ear and come out nowhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and we often times don't have control over our environment and so I really want to hear from people how they're going to handle that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So tell me about a time, uh, when you weren't able to finish a task that you needed to finish, uh, because of lack of information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we need that person to be able to have the skills to come back to us and say, help.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a time when sometimes people will share things that give you some insight as to how they're going to do as well in other areas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make sure that you're an active part of that interdisciplinary team and so that ability to adjust your communication style depending on who you're talking to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, and somebody that's gonna want to do that, not just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know certainly from my involvement in CASHA and ASHA and other organizations, I've, I get more out of it than I bring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Test, but I've given them and I have a sense of who I'm gonna choose them for. Right. Which was great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so knowledge of those standardized assessment tools that are going to get us that objective data are going to help us develop the plan of care, especially as a new therapist. You really need that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that expertise and, and, or to be able to gauge, you know, are they familiar with the letter test or am I going to need to provide that kind of training and exposure?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That she wasn't coming in cold, she had some good background, and that she was going to be an active participant in learning. Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think, uh, you know, that, that sense of someone's gonna teach me how to do this or I'm gonna come somewhat prepared and I'm gonna use all the resources I have to get ready to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another thing that I like to see throughout is somebody that's taking notes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, cause I think some people come thinking I'm just gaining information from them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While I might have been the ultimate decision maker, each one of those other people is really important. And so, uh, that, that,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which I thought was great too. It gives me a sense of how you, what your language looks like, how you're going to present not just in person but in writing. Uhm, so I didn't even have to ask for that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, with grace and, you know, things happen, life happens, uhm, but there's the person that has that same situation but calls you right away and says, oh my gosh, I'm so sorry and, you know, can I come in a little bit later or can we reschedule or that person that, you know, has 15 other things that have happened in the meantime, uhm,


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[Assistant] Just list your three internships and the kinds of people you saw there.


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[Assistant] I've used that throughout my career and it's served me well to just think about who am I going to be interacting with and what's their job and how would they dress for their job and I'm going to try to match that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So basically we've got one foal and two mothers. One is the real mother, the other wants a forced adoption.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is left over from the amniotic sac. The tail's still wrapped up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have to learn to run fast with their mothers, otherwise they're easy prey for pumas. But first of all, they seek out the milk bar.


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[Assistant] We've decided to mark the mother with a blue spray so that everyone knows which the real mother is. That's especially important for our colleagues who bring the animals in at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's the significantly stronger alpha animal. Mother and foal would never be together and the foal couldn't suckle. That would be too much stress. That's why she's going to stay in the stable until lunchtime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can only spot one baby, but she's bound to have more. So we've got to find them and see how many and whether they're healthy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, very. There are already 35 to 40 centimeters at birth.


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[Assistant] This was the umbilical cord. The navel's healed well, the cord's gone. Couldn't be better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This one's fine too. They're all in the best of health.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But first they just have tiny teeth. That hardly hurts at all.


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[Assistant] One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. For a first litter that's excellent and really pleased.


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[Assistant] He's fooling around again. Stay where you are. Hey, come here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then let's hope that the other one's a bit heavier. Oh yes, he feels a lot fatter. Although he's pretty much the same. I'd say 385?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay you two, I have to clean up a bit now so that you can have a fresh bed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to cut donkey hooves, sometimes even shoe them. I prefer to start at an early age so they get used to it. That makes it easier for both of us if their feet need treatment for any reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In general, donkeys have good characters. If you treat them fairly, they'll be fair to you. It is true that they're stubborn. They have their own minds, but who doesn't?


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[Assistant] You can see their great character by looking at the little one here. He's so eager to learn. And that makes it fun. Working with animals like these is really enjoyable.


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[Assistant] The soon to hatch, and burst forth from one of our chests.


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[Assistant] No, because then that's just the object. How do you indicate that it's a prop and not...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, okay, let's do the classic example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're returning to the drawing corner. Uh, we're gonna put Cass... back in. Put me in coach. Uhm, I'm gonna put...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Somebody said it looked like bowling.


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[Assistant] Okay, gotcha. I think I know what it is. And the arc that passes underneath these two dots, does it have two little tiny study antennas on it? Yes, it does. They're sticking up upwards. Okay, cool. Okay, good, good, good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nub's pointing in, got it. Okay, so three dots total. Uh, it's phallic shape with one dot inside it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You haven't seen that movie with the croissant gun in it?


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[Assistant] The fact that Simone was human last round meant that she thought that drawing of a prop was good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh no, yeah, for the liver broad one it was, it was about like going on a vacation somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's Mary Jordan, care of the Leonard Shelton Hotel, New York City. Who is she, Mullen? A lady friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pretty ritzy stoppin' at the Leonard Shelton. Yea, and she's a pretty ritzy lady too. Oh yea, sure.


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[Assistant] Yeah. Yeah, I'm gonna open it, but not right now. Hey, what do you think you're doing?


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[Assistant] We found about two thousand on Mullen, probably his cut. So I figured it was about eight grand still in that envelope. Did Mullen spill anything yet? No, he didn't. But he acted plenty rattled when I mentioned Slade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, don't open that, sir. I have an idea. Yeah? Wherever Slade is, he'll be needing money. That's right. But who's this Mary Jordan?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not true. There, there, plant that in that rag that you worked for. Taxi? Uh, entitled, uh, Chivalry is not dead. It's good for the force.


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[Assistant] I can take care of that alright. We could take the coat back.


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[Assistant] I'll pay it back. I'll wire Uncle Ben and he'll send the money and everything will be alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Must be two Mary Jordans. Too bad this one scared so quick. Yeaah. And this is our only lead to slay. Ah, don't worry. We haven't lost it yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cash? Did you say cash? Yes, if you'll give me my check, I'll give you the money for it.


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[Assistant] That's great. Now look, endorse it and send an airmail to our bank right away. Okay, I'll be right home, darling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh great, you have no idea. A letter got me into a jam and I just received another one that got me out. Oh, good luck to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I tell you, I never heard of this late guy. Oh, come on, Lefty, come on, loosen up. Where's your boss? I don't know what your...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that's great, and good work. What else did you find out?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that's fine, fine. I gotta hand it to you, honey. That's just what we wanted to know. Now you stick with that eight thousand dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, that's kind of bad news for you, Lefty. Say, we got the dope on this girl that calls herself Mary Jordan. She's supposed to be Mullen's sweetheart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We picked up Mullin in Chicago. Yes, and he spilled the works. Said it was you that killed Pierce. Mullin's lying. Oh, maybe so, but that's not going to stop me from proving that you did that killing. Start wiring that seat for you right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In just a few minutes that door's gonna open, and in comes a man with a great big tray, and on it,


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[Assistant] Two hamburger sandwiches. With mustard, onions, relish, tomatoes, everything you can think of. And champagne.


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[Assistant] Oh, I say we never worked better together than our lives. The telephone call you made just came in the nick of time.


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[Assistant] I've always been interested in music, particularly good music.


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[Assistant] Now listen, there comes a time when snapshots stop and work begins.


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[Assistant] Comes a pinch and you fold up. Shoulda known a dang will do it every time.


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[Assistant] Hello, Seidel? Why don't you come up here and see that Miss Rogers doesn't leave this room? That's right, for no reason whatsoever. Yea, and step on it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Frank, you stay here and watch those windows. Right. I'll get around the rear. You take the basement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, look in her purse if you get a chance and tear up that picture. Okay, lieutenant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. The other girl that was at Belfort's this afternoon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh look, Anne, look at this one of our sweet, young, innocent friends. We sure handed them a thrill for a wedding present, didn't we?


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[Assistant] You mean the one that you, why, I don't know, the, uh, negative got burned up or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, right? That's what you did and now you can't take it back. Oh my god. Oh my god. Oh my god.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is Henry getting up to that's causing this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, cold brew feels like it's a safety quip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so instead of submitting nothing, it'll submit whatever you have half-written? That's horrifying!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No thoughts, head empty. Complete answers. Pure comedy. Are you gonna do jokes or no? Just fast. Who can say? Fast parts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's- Oh, relevant. Wasn't that high zoom? No, go for it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would spend that money. Let me know. We'll figure it out. Let me, let me brief for you. Oh no, you washed all your clothes with blank in the pockets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I stand by it, but I respect everybody's choice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's considered self-care for ancient warlocks?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your three-step plan for escaping prison that's bound to fail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's the video producer for a video game website. I chose the one I liked, not the one that I thought was true. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I felt like it might have been the truth. Arguably it is true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which statement about Brian is true? Sold fruit roll-ups for massive profit in 8th, presumably, grade? Or made a petition for homework extension in 7th grade?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little scammer. Yea, both such obnoxious, disgraceful things to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which statement about Simone is true? I'm going to murder this fly in my room. I'd love to send it on a-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pow day. Is that a ring fit thing? Just little skier things. Powder day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a lot of options, a lot of strong options for this. I like a lot of weird smells. So, looking forward to seeing which of you just say things that are true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, who put chocolate chip cookies? That's not weird at all. That's delightful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shoot. Okay. For a second I thought that I should have chosen that one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's so funny. That makes sense. I could see that though. I think that's a good one. This is maybe my favorite answer, even though it's wrong. It's a really good one, Brian. I do love freshly tilled earth, yea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which statement about Josh is true, Serena Williams, stepped on my foot. I had eye surgery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this video, we're going to talk about something called determinants, which from our perspective is going to be this algebraic tool that's going to give us information quite a bit faster than some of our old methodologies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember back when we were talking about inverses of matrices, and we saw that in the 2x2 case, we had this really nice formula for it, that for a 2x2 matrix, you could go and do this particular formula, and you further got the fact that A was invertible if and only if


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what's nice about this is that you have a quick condition that is equivalent to invertibility. It is gonna be invertible precisely if this thing on the bottom here is non-zero. In other words, you don't get a division by zero problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had mentioned quickly at the time that that thing was referred to as the determinant, but let's go and state it precisely now. Namely that the determinant, which we typically abbreviated just being debt,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The determinant of A is gonna be non-zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The question is, is this a sort of weird artifact of the 2x2 case, or does it generalize to the nxn case? And it turns out that yes, it does indeed generalize. That is, we're gonna be computing this determinant, we'll figure out how to do that in this video,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then we'll get that A is invertible precisely if the determinant is non-zero.


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[Assistant] Now before I get to the formula, I'm gonna introduce a little bit of notation that we're gonna need along the way. The first of which is something called A I J.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, this is a matrix, as noted by the capital letter A, and it is effectively the matrix A, whatever you started with, where you delete the i-th row, and you delete the j-th column.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, what I'm doing here in this A1,2 is deleting the first row and the second column.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm getting rid of this row entirely, and I'm getting rid of that column entirely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so what I'm just gonna be left with then is the matrix four, seven, six, nine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is just sort of a quick way to be able to identify these submatrices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next thing I want to show you is a pattern of minus ones that's going to be useful to us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna use the notation minus 1 to the i plus j, where i is my index variable for the rows, so it's an integer between 1 and m, and j is the index before the column, so it runs between 1 and n.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, I'm gonna give a pictorial representation of this in the 3x3 case as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I think about this first location I have here, that is the i equal to 1 and j equal to 1. So it's minus 1 to the 1 plus 1, which is gonna be minus 1 squared, or just 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I then look in the next location here, okay, so this is the first row, second column, so 1 plus 2 is 3, and minus 1 cubed, that's just gonna be equal to minus 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, first row, third column, now I'm up to an even power of minus one, so I'm up to one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this process is gonna continue, I'll fill it in. You'll notice that we get this sort of nice alternating pattern of the ones and the minus ones. If you choose any value of it, then either any place to the left and the right or the top and the bottom has the opposite sign of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so these are two little pieces of notation. Now let's try to see how we can compute the determinant. I'm gonna write down, initially, a super messy formula. And we almost wanna try to move past the super messy formula as fast as we can so we can just visually see how we're supposed to do this computation. But I'm gonna write it down for our reference anyways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I want to try to break it down in a way that will hopefully make a little bit more sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first thing I want you to note is that in front of every single term, there's one of these a, i, j notation things. Remember that a, i, j refer to the entry of the matrix in the i-th row and the j-th column.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And note that the row location, the first component of every one of these terms here, is a 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what we're saying is that we're only looking at these entries in this first row, but what we're doing is we're starting at A11, then we're going to A12, A13, all the way down to A1n. So that's the first component to pay attention to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second component to pay attention to is all of the minus ones up to some power. That was that notation that we just saw a moment ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in other words, as we're going along with our aijs, we're always in that first row and we're going along, we're picking up the alternating plus, minus, plus, minus, plus, minus pattern that we had previously seen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're getting those coefficients of the first row, and then they're multiplying with pluses or minuses according to that nice little pattern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the final component that we have in all three of them is this determinant of these sub-matrices. And the idea here is this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We define what the determinant of a 2x2 was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I'm in the 3x3 case, then what I have when I take a submatrix is it's 2x2 when I can write down as determinate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I'm in a larger dimensional case, well, I have to do this sort of step by step. That from two-dimensional determinants, I get three-dimensional ones, and then from the three-dimensional ones, I'll get four-dimensional and all the way up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, indeed, each of these individual determinants for large n's could themselves be a very large formula just like what we have seen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so let's see if we can compute this out for a specific example, and we'll start to get a quick sense of a pattern of how this works. So let's take the determinant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, first thing. I'm going along on my top row. And the first thing I'm gonna write down is the A11 component, which is a 1, and it's that 1 that's hanging out right there. That's my A11.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I was to look back to the original, there's no minus sign there, so I don't pick it up. So now I have to deal with the determinant part. And...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What A11 is, is a thing that gets rid of the first row.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the first column. And that just leaves me with that matrix there, which is a 2 by 2 matrix, and I can compute that matrices determinant. It is going to be this. AD minus BC, so 1 times 1 is 1, minus 3 times minus 1, which is a minus 1, but because of the extra minus is gonna become a plus 1. Alright. Next story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to be taking my A12 that I have right here. Well, A12 is equal to 0.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then next one, I'm gonna be looking at the A1-3 location, that's this location right there. So I'm gonna pick up a 2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna pick up a minus one to the power of one plus three, so it's an even, so I don't get any more minus ones. So we see if I look at my pattern here, it's a one over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I'm gonna go and compute the determinant of that submatrix, and it is this. It is zero times minus one when I go down along the main diagonal, and so that's gonna be a zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I'm gonna subtract off the 1 times 1, so I'm gonna be subtracting off a minus 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what I'm getting out of this looks to be like a 4 minus a 2 is equal to a 2. And there's my answer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now in this particular example, we've gotten a non-zero determinant, and therefore my original matrix A was going to be invertible.


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[Assistant] He was living large. He was making a ton of money. You're the sharecropper's son. And all of a sudden, he's a national hero.


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[Assistant] What could be more delicious than the sight of a black man, a powerful black man standing over


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[Assistant] Joe grew up in an area, uh, where there was really no racial prejudice. You know, everybody was black and white.


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[Assistant] Hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved up from the southern states to work in the, uh, auto plants and all the other industrial plants in the north.


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[Assistant] The money that he was spending for violin lessons, he started spending it to rent equipment to box unknown to his parents.


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[Assistant] When you hear the announcer say, although colored, clearly what you're saying is this is not a gentleman boxer.


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[Assistant] This is possibly an animalistic sort of creature that we have here, but it certainly is a less than white human.


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[Assistant] For almost 25 years after Jack Johnson became heavyweight champion, blacks got no shot at a heavyweight championship.


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[Assistant] It would actually happen. All I know it seems like the whole world was roaring.


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[Assistant] If you are looking to manifest a house for yourself, then this video is for you.


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[Assistant] You can manifest the house of your dreams with infinite ease and joy.


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[Assistant] Let go of the worries that you are holding onto right now, and I can assure you that if you listen to the advice that I am going to give in this video, you will be able to attract your dream house sooner than you can imagine.


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[Assistant] The very first step, like in all manifestations, is to know what you want. So for just a minute or two, drop all your guard, fears, and insecurities. Think as if there is no limit to what you can manifest, and then think about the house you want. Is it an apartment that you want to manifest? Or is it a luxurious house in the city?


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[Assistant] Or perhaps you are more of a nature lover, so you want a house in the slow-paced countryside.


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[Assistant] Do you see? There are so many options available to you regarding your dream house. If you are choosing to manifest your house, then it's a good idea to let go of logic and rationale.


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[Assistant] Don't think about the money, don't worry about the down payment or the mortgage at this point.


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[Assistant] This first step is just about creating a strong and clear vision.


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[Assistant] If you let your doubts come in the way, then you won't follow your heart and you will try to settle for less.


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[Assistant] The problem with settling for anything less than you want is that you will never be as excited about your desire. And excitement is a major emotion you could leverage to bring your desire to reality.


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[Assistant] So, I would suggest you go to Pinterest and search for house designs. There will be a lot of ideas that will help you get clear on what kind of house you want.


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[Assistant] The second step is to use the power of scripting to your advantage.


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[Assistant] Scripting or journaling is the process of writing down your desire and its details on a sheet of paper.


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[Assistant] When you write something down, your brain automatically assigns meaning to it and thinks of it as something very important to you.


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[Assistant] When your mind is convinced that something is important to you, it starts with the process of manifestation.


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[Assistant] Just grab a pen and a journal and make a list of all the things you want in your dream house. If you have a particular city in mind, then write it down. Think about how spacious you want your dream house to be.


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[Assistant] Do you want a garden and a pool or not? What kind of neighborhood do you want to be a part of? What would be the paint like on the walls?


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[Assistant] Think about as many details as you can as these details will help you get in touch with the emotions of having that house. When you are writing the details, think as if you are imprinting your subconscious or you are placing an order with the universe.


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[Assistant] The universe loves and rewards clarity. Think of it this way. When you go to a restaurant and place an order, you never say, I just want to eat so bring me anything.


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[Assistant] You look at the menu and the items. You read the descriptions and only then you place an order with the waiter.


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[Assistant] You do this because you know that unless you don't give a very clear and concise order, you won't get to eat what you want.


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[Assistant] If you just leave it to the waiter to choose something for you, he might bring something that you dislike, and then again you would have to place another order. So why waste your time and why not place a specific order the very first time?


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[Assistant] The same is the case with the universe. It can give you everything you desire, but first, you need to be clear on what you want. If you keep on changing your mood and preferences, you will confuse yourself and will just waste time.


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[Assistant] By now you have a clear idea about the kind of house you desire to manifest, so it's time to impress that idea onto your subconscious mind.


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[Assistant] Your subconscious mind is the source of all creation. Whatever ideas, beliefs, and feelings you impress on your subconscious, they become your reality because your subconscious is always trying to match your outer world to your inner world.


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[Assistant] First, choose a very comfortable and quiet place in your house. This should be a place where you can unwind and focus on your inner world for a while.


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[Assistant] So you have to make sure that there are no noise or distractions. Sit down with your back straight and close your eyes. Now take a few deep breaths to calm your nervous system down.


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[Assistant] Make sure you take a deep inhale and let out a long exhale. With each breath, your muscles will loosen and you will feel like you are entering a state of trance. If deep breathing doesn't relax you to the point of trance, then you can use another technique called the body scan method.


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[Assistant] In this technique, you have to scan your whole body in your mind, starting from the top of your head and going all the way down to your toes.


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[Assistant] First, observe your head and try to feel the sensations on your skin. Then move onto your face. Stand your eyes, nose, and lips one by one. Then move on the neck and shoulders. Continue mentally scanning your body until you reach the tips of your toes.


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[Assistant] Don't try to rush this practice. Take time to feel each body part of yours before moving on to the next.


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[Assistant] After your complete body scan, your mind will be in a deep state of calm and relaxation.


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[Assistant] Your brain frequency would have changed, and you would feel a numbing sensation.


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[Assistant] Feel as if you are entering your house through the main door. Try to imagine this scene in the first person. See your hand on the knob of the door and move through the rooms of your new house one by one. Try to think of specific details you wrote down in step two and add them to the visual image one by one.


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[Assistant] If you can, try to engage all your senses. Try to smell the fresh paint on the walls. Feel the carpet or cold marble floor beneath your feet.


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[Assistant] Listen to the sounds like birds chirping outside the windows. The idea is to totally immerse yourself in the scene, and that can only be done if all your senses are engaged simultaneously.


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[Assistant] Now try to feel the emotions of owning this wonderful house. Bring out a feeling of contentment and surprise. Allow yourself to fully believe that this house is your possession now.


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[Assistant] Don't try to rush it and complete it in 5 or 10 minutes, because then you won't be able to deeply connect with the visuals.


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[Assistant] You must dedicate some time to this visualization session every single day for a minimum of four weeks. Consistency is the key to success here.


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[Assistant] The next step is then to stay in the state of wish fulfilled as much as you can.


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[Assistant] The daily visualization will help you connect with the feelings of your dream house, but your daily routine can separate you from those elevated emotions very quickly. So, you exercise conscious control over the thoughts you think. Just think as if you already own that house and live in that house.


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[Assistant] Let go of the contradictory thoughts. Also it's not your job to think about how you manifested the house of your dreams. You had a desire, you set an intention for it, and the universe brought it to you. That's all you need to know.


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[Assistant] Surrender all your apprehensions and anxieties about manifesting that house to the universe. You cannot control anything even if you try so. Isn't it a better idea to just trust the process?


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[Assistant] As Neville Goddard says, you are the only creator of your reality. So when you choose to create something, it has to manifest. There is no option B. Just dwell in the feeling of wish fulfilled and live your life from that state of mind.


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[Assistant] The next step in your successful manifestation journey is to keep watching my channel. Click now on the video on the screen to be inspired by another video.


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[Assistant] Right after Donald Trump's address to Congress. Now technically, this was not a state of the union, because I think in this timeline, the Confederacy won.


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[Assistant] And as he was leaving the White House, cameras caught President Trump apparently rehearsing his lines in the back of the limo. Now obviously, CNN's powerful microphones picked up what he was saying.


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[Assistant] When he took to the podium to deliver the speech, as usual, behind the President were the Vice President, Mike Pence, and Speaker of the House, Paul Ryan, who immediately showed their commitment to fiscal responsibility by purchasing a buy one get two free suit and tie combo.


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[Assistant] Now, I got the memo. I got the memo. Now, the theme of the speech was renewal of the American spirit, which I gotta say really just sounds like a Chinese bootleg of Make America Great Again. And to begin the evening, Trump spoke in uplifting terms.


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[Assistant] Of course, Trump immediately boasted about his executive orders.


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[Assistant] Non-essential federal workers. So, Kellyanne Conway is out. Is she?


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[Assistant] Bad ones out, good ones in. This nuanced policy comes from Trump's immigration director, Secretary Incredible Hulk.


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[Assistant] Just like the Statue of Liberty says, give us your tired, your poor, but not so poor they can't afford a two bedroom apartment like a Mitsubishi.


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[Assistant] And just because we haven't seen the attacks in Sweden doesn't mean they did not happen.


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[Assistant] Trump then allowed Nancy Pelosi to restart that engine.


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[Assistant] Seriously about the money we have wasted in the Middle East and how it could be put to much better use thanks to his business skills.


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[Assistant] Then of course, as he needed to he laid out his economic plan.


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[Assistant] And as the evening drew to a close, Donald Trump provided an optimistic vision.


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[Assistant] His goal is to make America great again. And for everybody wondering, the time Trump thinks America was great, well he gave his answer. The 1886 World's Fair.


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[Assistant] The time for trivial fights is behind us.


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[Assistant] Adding just one more thing. Suck it Nordstroms. So.


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[Assistant] As we come to the end of tonight's address to Congress, I think we can all agree on one thing. One down, seven to go. We have a great show for you tonight. Lisa Kujo is here.


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[Assistant] Trying to scam me, Johnny? Not you, Richie. Your hide's too tough. But I don't think the little lady there'd hold still very long. She doesn't know anything. Who'd tell her?


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[Assistant] How far offshore is she anchored? She's anchored up to Kelp Bay. That's right. That's right where she is. Works like truth serum.


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[Assistant] You ask me boy, she'll dump her. I'll make the trip alone. I don't want you to go alone, Johnny. I want you to make the trip with her.


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[Assistant] I'll get you one of them tourist passes. Okay, just make sure it's a dame that'll stay in line. All dames will stay in line as long as the pay office is big enough.


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[Assistant] The only thing you haven't told me is who I'm supposed to meet in Los Angeles. You'll find out when you get there. On noon in front of the monkey cages. Have you got that? Got it. Hey, get in the car.


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[Assistant] Put it on, it goes with the tourist pass. Come on, put it on, it's part of the job. Congratulations.


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[Assistant] Trying to make up my mind. You gotta touch your class or not.


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[Assistant] I forgot to tell you, I can also keep my mouth shut in two languages.


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[Assistant] He's right. If I was, I would have gone to work in my father's broom factory like my mother wanted.


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[Assistant] I guess I lost you. Please, officer, this man's very sick.


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[Assistant] Senoris senora John McLean.


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[Assistant] Alright, let's go over here and sit down. Something's gotta come along this road sometime. Maybe we can hitch a ride.


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[Assistant] I think it goes back a long way too. They put me in reform school when I was four. Threw me in with a lot of hardened criminals of seven or eight. I learned plenty, but they couldn't hold me. I broke out when I was five. I met Gumbin and I, been with him ever since.


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[Assistant] That's very interesting. But is there an airline that goes up to the border?


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[Assistant] You know, I might not be a very smart guy, but sometimes I get the feeling that you're not telling me everything.


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[Assistant] I thought a couple of things about you. No, I don't.


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[Assistant] There's Gumban's plan. Top of the music box is inlaid with gold. So they slap a duty tax on us. We object, they insist, we give in. A sleight of hand, see?


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[Assistant] Pick her up and keep her there. I'll go up to Los Angeles alone.


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[Assistant] Nice dress. I mean, you make it look nice.


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[Assistant] Amigo. On behalf of Uncle Sam and yours truly, mil gracias.


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[Assistant] Sorry, baby. I suggest you cooperate with the authorities. Things can go a lot easier for you.


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[Assistant] My job isn't always easy. Some things are more rugged than slapping down mugs.


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[Assistant] What about Richie? She knows plenty about Richie. What do you know about what she knows about Richie? I'm the one who picked her up and had her arrested. Richie was picked up and that's not by the Mexican officials. Well, just a second.


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[Assistant] Thank you. You're pretty slick yourself, Ms. Haley. Congratulations.


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[Assistant] Well, never mind the compliments. What about Gumbin? We meet the Gumbin connection at the zoo in Los Angeles tomorrow.


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[Assistant] You've shown yourself admirably equipped for this assignment. Isn't that right, McAvoy? She has excellent equipment and doesn't hesitate to use it. Now, you two work very well together.


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[Assistant] I'm not worried, Harvey. As long as I know you're running both ends. See, amigo, I own the syndicate in California just as I do in Mexico. You'll learn someday, Johnny. You can't trust anybody. I know. I found that out. Did you get the stuff across the border okay? Yeah.


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[Assistant] What'll you have to drink, Macklin? Well, if we're gonna hang around here, I'd like to make myself a sandwich. Where's the kitchen?


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[Assistant] So yes, I was supposed to come to Stanford in person last spring and part of kind of a, a tour of, of uhm,


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[Assistant] Kali kind of going up and down, giving some talks, talking to various people, but sadly that didn't happen, so now I'm...


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[Assistant] To talk about technology panics and to really think about them in a perspective, uhm, I'll go through both kind of the past of


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[Assistant] Technology research from a behavioral perspective, so it might not be the perspective you're used to in HCI, I come from a kind of different background, uhm, but also the present and in, in doing so I'm kind of forced still to think about the future.


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[Assistant] On the ground over the last couple of years, I started actually reading more about what past researchers have done, and this has really caused me to do some severe introspection, which is where this paper came from and these ideas came from. So I love the opportunity to present them to different disciplines and a wider audience and students. Uhm,


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[Assistant] The paper that really started me on this journey of trying to understand.


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[Assistant] This paper from the Journal of Pediatrics published in 1941.


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[Assistant] It was written by Mary Preston, actually probably quite nearby where some of you are sitting, uhm, in the Bay Area, she was working in San Francisco, but also in the kind of digging I did, she also worked at Stanford.


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[Assistant] Uhm, studying children and how they interact with media. Naturally in the 1940s we didn't have smartphones, uhm, to...


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[Assistant] Looking at movies at home, but, but in the public kind of movie, the movie theatres, uhm, and radio, which was coming into the home and changing how children kind of live their lives.


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[Assistant] I actually stumbled across this paper while writing up the introduction to my thesis in Oxford. Uhm, and it really made me think.


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[Assistant] Mary Preston studied about, I think, 114, I'm probably wrong, but around that number of children, uh, American children in San Francisco, in the Bay Area, to look at how they reacted to movies and the radio.


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[Assistant] And what she found is that these terrifying scenes, she called them in terms of the radio or the movies that we're watching, that these could have an inhibitory effect on every function and every organ in the body and that


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[Assistant] Over half of her sample was actually severely addicted to the radio and to movie dramas and that most of them utilize this addiction as an escape from reality much as a-


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[Assistant] You know, I thought this was quite amusing at first, uhm, and maybe, maybe you do too, because naturally we don't really think of the radio as addictive anymore. Many parents, you know, now with COVID are probably happy if their children would listen to a bit more radio rather than being on their smartphones or on social media.


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[Assistant] But naturally at this time, this was serious research. So we need to think about it in some more perspective.


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[Assistant] In the 1930s, there was around 40% of US households that owned a radio. Well, in the 1940s, there was already over 80%.


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[Assistant] So this was a massive social change, a change that caused a change in how people interact and how people live their lives and the time they spend.


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[Assistant] So it was actually a situation similar to now, maybe a bit less extreme now with COVID-19.


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[Assistant] Kind of the concerns about the radio are almost interchangeable with the concerns we have about smartphones and social media now. I've created a little quiz


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[Assistant] Naturally, we can't do this in person. Uhm, I have done this in person multiple times, so I will just kind of estimate probably how many of you got the question right or wrong.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and most of those, you know, they're correct. Uhm, this was actually written in 1935 as a quote from the Director of the Child Study Association of America. So let's try another one. Here's a device that is everywhere.


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[Assistant] Here normally people are more torn. There's normally about 50-50. Uhm, and...


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[Assistant] I think you could say smartphone and people wouldn't really be surprised if somebody said this today.


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[Assistant] This might be a bit easier. Most people guess the smartphone and they are correct. So this is a, uhm, newspaper.


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[Assistant] So I hope they're convincing you that actually the concern about radio is really seemingly similar to concern about


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[Assistant] Quite, kind of, with similar concerns and similar worries for


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[Assistant] Actually, I'm not the first to say this. This has been an idea that's been floating around in the ether of scientific and public thought for a long, long time. For example, here in 1935,


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[Assistant] Each such invasion finds the parents unprepared, frightened, resentful and helpless.


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[Assistant] And the cheap paperback book have had similar effects upon the apprehensions and solicitudes of parents.


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[Assistant] So here, she's already making the point of, uhm, this cycle of concern that has been going on till the radio in her day and social media for us now.


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[Assistant] They're often linked to the kind of things that happen in society that probably happen at all times or that gradually grow and wane and grow again over time. One example of that is youth violence.


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[Assistant] Friedrich Wertham in a book that communication scholars probably know quite well in 1954 linked comic books to recent increases in youth violence.


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[Assistant] Just a couple years, 25 years later, uhm, there was another increase in youth violence in the US and there was a Youth as Media Task Force that linked television viewing to that increase.


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[Assistant] At school I remember being taught about television content increasing.


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[Assistant] Violence and then being asked to write essays about that topic.


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[Assistant] And just last summer in the UK, there was an increase in crime, teenagers stabbing each other, a huge problem. And it was very quickly linked to YouTube and grime music and social media. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, there's this cycle where seemingly very identical issues are being linked to the kind of new technology at hand.


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[Assistant] So there, again, there seems to be something that is repeating over time, something that is identical, whether we're in the 1930s or in the 2020s, and how we react and think about these new technologies.


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[Assistant] What I argue though is that there has been kind of a major change in the last century, and that is the role of science.


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[Assistant] It's part of being at a university either as a student or an academic. I think we need to reflect more about what it means to be a scientist in our age. And I'll just try to give you a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A snapshot of that in these next few slides.


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[Assistant] Really change. There's been the amount of scientists doing their work and the amount of people going to university, the amount of evidence that is, uh, delivered to make policy. We now feel that we should do, you know, evidence based policy, which is, I wouldn't, you know, I think it's a good thing, but that means that there should be a lot more evidence available.


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[Assistant] So the, and so with the role of science changing, the role of science in this technology cycle is also changing.


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[Assistant] So for example, uh, if you look at the technology panic about the bicycle, there are a couple of newspaper articles with experts saying that, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the radio, however, we started seeing these real scientific papers being written and considered by uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was magnified even more with comic books. There were full-on books written, and for example, Frithig Berthaun was quoted by a policymaker in the US as being a really great source of inspiration, and that he actually led to some really quite restrictive comic book legislation being passed.


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[Assistant] Television led to even more research being done. There are now full on teams. In the UK there was kind of quite


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[Assistant] Amazing ventures to study the effects of technology, of television being rolled out to quite rural.


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[Assistant] So there's a whole research ecosystem and I feel like that's only been magnified by smartphones and social media where


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[Assistant] Just today I've talked to researchers here at Stanford, many of them looking into things to do with these current technologies. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who I feel like wrote a very underappreciated book, uhm, to do with, well, it says on the, the,


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[Assistant] But there wasn't any kind of direction from, from government as such. Now this is completely changed, uhm, we...


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[Assistant] This is kind of the slide, I covered the first part already, uhm, but,


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[Assistant] Give that scientific idea in mind of a problem they want to solve or at least an area they think is important to address. And so as scientists we operate in a very industrialized space where we are expected to solve practical problems in society.


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[Assistant] So for example, uhm, we as scientists have to win certain amounts of funding or at least support


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[Assistant] Or something else. Uhm, and so we're incentivized to do work that solves practical problems that shows that it has impact.


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[Assistant] That is of interest to a broader scientific kind of and non-scientific audience.


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[Assistant] And so we're operating in this industrialized space and we're actually


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quite active actors, uhm, in terms of what research we do, because we are led by, uhm, kind of what funding is available and, and what are the public interests.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Sisyphean cycle of technology panics I named after King Sisyphus. He was part of Greek mythology, a king who kind of thought he was better than the gods, who duped the gods on multiple times, he escaped.


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[Assistant] It just rolled back down and has to go back down and do it all over again.


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[Assistant] But I think there are parallels to technology researchers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Technology research is driven by a new technology causing concern, causing interest in society that leads groups of researchers to start studying that, whether that be social media or maybe specifically TikTok now or, or radio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so you're rolling the boulder up the hill, it's actually quite inefficient because there's no real basis for the research, no theoretical, not a lot of theoretical grounding at least.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so people are kind of really trying to roll that boulder up the hill to create that scientific understanding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But before they reach the top, before real, kind of,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and a lot of the research is forgotten in the process, and so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of a bit far-fetched, especially as I was just one of those researchers, and I'm still one of those researchers, kind of patiently rolling my boulder up the hill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I think my parents are very disappointed when I switched into psychology, but during kind of undergrad physics lectures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think this is similar to the cycle of technology panics. And the forces are the public, so the normal person, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Force is academia. So academics and researchers doing their job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And these forces interact in different ways at different parts of the cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are often kind of a variety of different reasons why,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of a technology reaching a certain threshold of popularity in society causes concern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so I'll cover a couple of those in that part of the talk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second step is then political outsourcing. So this panic has been created. It's almost quite a natural process that people become concerned about a new technology that is becoming very popular, that is, you know, taking the interest of their children, for example. And that creates a pressure on politicians and government to react. You need to, you seem to do something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, to want to do kind of good policy, to want to protect vulnerable groups. And I'll explain how the ins-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So all of a sudden, there are loads of concerns, politicians have to do something, and so more evidence is needed, and there's outsourcing to researchers. There's funding calls, there is kind of increases of interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, that lead research start doing more and more work in this area.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, because the research isn't really built on, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Underlying theoretical understanding, a red thread that maybe runs through all sorts of technology research over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, there is a lot of reinventing of the wheel, which is step three. Uhm, so that various issues lead to quite an inefficient accumulation of evidence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which leads to step four, where there's been actually very little progress of kind of evidence creation. There's still a lot of debate. There's maybe a lot of kind of re-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And often instead of getting effective policy, what happens is that just a new panic emerges, a new technology comes around and the cycle just restarts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'll go through these in turn. So the first is panic creation. So how do we get there? What makes us concerned about a new technology?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, there's been a lot of different approaches and I'll just sample a couple of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but the first is technological determinism.


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[Assistant] So this idea in society, uhm, that kind of many of us share, that technologies are basic and quite fundamental conditions that really affect us as a society.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And crucially that they're really important drivers of change. In short, it means that we kind of...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We treat technologies as though they are really, really impactful society in that we probably can't really impact them back. They change us. We can't really change them. We're kind of left out in the open to kind of deal with the changes we're left with. And so technological determinism sees technology as really a defining kind of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happens when we see technologies as the main actors of change? Well, it means that they can be very quickly linked to any ongoing and probably quite complicated societal changes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, this could be increases in youth violence, as we've seen kind of on a very early slide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, for example, in the United States, we started seeing quite a drop in adolescent men's health in around 2010.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and that has been very quickly and quite compellingly linked to, for example, the creation of the smartphone at kind of a similar time. And so that the increase of smartphone use was actually causally related to that decrease in adolescent mental health that we saw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Naturally that change in adolescent mental health can be a lot of things. It could be due to, uh, kind of straggling effects of the economic crisis that was affecting families. In the UK, for example, it could be due to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Society, uhm, and maybe living in a world that is less just, uhm, or perceived to be less just at least.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Concurrent decreases in mental health, uhm, in the last couple of years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, even though they have a similar increase in technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, for example, South Korea, there was an earlier uptick in use of technology by young people. And so if that kind of hypothesis were correct, then we would have expect to kind of see a quicker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of, or earlier downturn in terms of Alice mental health.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, in terms of Australia, I don't know the data there in terms of kind of the economic recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think what we see is that the picture is a lot less clear than, you know, there's one driver, for example. Uhm, and a lot of psychometricians that I work with, uhm, also think that it has a lot to do with the change in how we interpret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No and I think that cross-cultural comparisons are really crucial to this one and are of interest. Uhm, the last kind of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do you, 5G, 5G, that 5G has for example been rolled out quite, uhm, starting to roll out across the UK and has been quite actively linked to COVID-19, which is actually a change that is also happening at the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in society at the time. Uhm, so that can be kind of a first cause of concern, naturally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another way that sociologists, for example, have thought about is the term moral panics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That kind of magnifies a concern in very specific ways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He calls these moral panics. So time when worries really reach a widespread popularity and they're often associated


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that can cause in-searching and quite a moral reaction at times. And we often see that moral reaction and condemnation, um, shared by societal leaders, for example, kind of people in the media, religious leaders, school leaders, or politicians that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And share this idea, uhm, and agree with it and therefore amplify this concern even more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interestingly, in the literature about moral panics, they often talk about that a lot of moral panics are centered about the other, so that we're concerned about somebody else that's not us. And it's often a more vulnerable population. So for example, we're concerned about children, but we think that we can self-regulate our tech use or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quite an increase of concern in the population about the new technology at hand. Actually this is a very quick, uhm, introduction to something that is a lot more complicated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What now happens is that there is a population of people who are concerned and who want change, who want something done. And so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quite in high offices of government standing up to, uhm, new kind of television companies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then actually using that as a basis to, uhm, run for higher office, like for president, I forgot the name of the person actually. Uhm, but I, I used to know, and it's in the paper. But so, there's, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quite a compelling narrative about saying I'm going to stand up to these new tech companies and also that you're going to, you show that you're concerned for children and vulnerable populations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last point on the slide is the most important at least, or at least the most compelling for me. And that is that kind of taking this narrative of a panic, a tech panic on board allows you to deflect attention from maybe more difficult or uncomfortable issues.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for example, and actually I'm based in the UK and we also have had a downturn in adolescent mental health, uhm, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This could be again due to austerity that was a governmental policy to really cut back on a lot of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Youth clubs and youth support and child mental health support and there's not been a lot of kind of investment in that area.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But naturally if you say, yes that might be due to it, and you're the politician from the party who actually enacted that change, you are shooting yourself in the foot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another option is that it's societal pressures or it might be, for example, with the knife crime in London, you might.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So actually blaming YouTube is a pretty nice option. Uhm, and we've seen this time and time again that, uhm, blaming technology companies and saying you'll stand up to technology companies makes very positive headlines. For example, our health minister


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, in the UK has kept on, there's a big scare in self-harm managers on Instagram.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he was repeatedly in the media saying that, you know, I'll stand up to Instagram to purge self-harm and suicide posts. I'll, I'll make sure that they regulate and I'll push regulation through. And now three years later, we've seen little change, but he still has this kind of positive media backing that he had at that time. And so we have kind of politicians not


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being incentivized to subdue the concerns, but probably incentivized to actually use that narrative because it allows them to really have quite an easy narrative, uhm, to go with. And so, over time, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Politics goes on to kind of encourage science where the increasing interest doesn't have to just be through politics. Increase is more and more scientific.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, research in this area to really look at, you know, what this new technology might be like. Are the concerns valid?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a way, science provides reassurance and comfort, uhm, to people. Another idea that Jerry Ravitz raised in his book on scientific knowledge and its social problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Science calms the fears and concerns of populations and naturally puts the onus on the scientists to now solve the issue, to gather the evidence. It buys time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This means that researching a new technology implicated in a panic is very incentivized. I probably wouldn't be here talking to you if I wouldn't have researched social media at a time of high public and policy interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a lot of funding in the space that is especially important in this industrialized state of science where we need to bring in that funding to survive in a very competitive space. There's prestige done with it, uhm, that comes with it or media attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're studying something that society is interested in, and actually that's personally incentivizing as well. It's nice to study something that people actually care about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Researchers who've researched it from the very beginning, but that number is increased by a lot in a very short succession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that most of them are motivated because they want to solve the societal issue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People don't say, I studied this, you know, I studied social media because there was this theory which I wanted to test about social media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They say, I studied social media's effect on adolescents because people are really concerned or because now 80% of adolescents now use more than X amount of social media per day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We traditionally conceptualize science as a kind of scientific process in terms of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Testing a universal scientific theory that maybe a field is built on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We had a theory that the, uhm, Sun revolved around the Earth and all the planets revolved around the Earth and researchers and scientists probed and tested that over long periods of time. They adapted that theory if they found that evidence didn't really fit with it. And then at one point they decided to change it completely. There was a kind of paradigm shift.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And all of a sudden people started believing that the sun was the center of the universe and so then people started testing and probing that theory and developing it further than different branches of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While it might still be part of this technology research space, but a lot of this new research being done in that technological panic at hand is actually quite theory free. It's kind of there in space trying to solve the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because now we've kind of stopped being in the second part of the cycle and we've entered the third. We've entered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first thing is that naturally we seem to be going through very similar stages to our predecessors. Just like I was shocked that in the 1940s very similar papers were written that could have been written today just about a different technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, people have realized this. For many, in 1951, Seager wrote that it's, you know, we seem to always go through the same stages in technology research. For example, the idea or the trope of technology addiction has been raised for radio and comic books and television and video games and social media, and probably in five years we'll be raising it for the news.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Technology we're concerned about or the new technology at hand. Furthermore, there's been similar questions about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so researchers have argued that we often seem to overlook that novel technology share more similarities and differences with its predecessors, kind of forget all the work that's come before, uhm, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Talented researchers trying to spin that red thread throughout the whole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're back to that issue. What happens if we don't have that red thread? What happens when most of us actually just want to solve the societal problem?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe because of our own interest or because of incentives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and it's, and therefore are focused on this part of the slide rather than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Further, if you notice, I think more interestingly, that's such a pre-paradigmatic time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's that if there is no universal theory, if there's no red thread running through a research area,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And over time, researchers will entrench into their separate views and probably not reach any sort of scientific consensus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, I would argue that is in technology research. For example, in the violent video game area, we've had separate groups of research areas really kind of battling it out in the trenches for very, very long periods of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of have different ideas of what good research looks like, they have different ideas of what the technology might be doing, and actually probably giving them another 25 years of time will not help them reconcile their differences.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so there is this entrenching that doesn't lead to consensus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Similarly for social media, I've been myself been part of quite kind of vigorous academic debate that even kind of left academic and the academic context and went into the media about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a good social media, whether social media effects are a thing or not a thing. And so again, I think that some of these disagreements might not be solved by just giving us additional five years, which is quite a kind of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sad thought. And maybe I'm just being a bit too pessimistic. But it is interesting that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What Kuhn hypothesized that kind of the re- and he wasn't thinking about technology research, he was thinking about science as a whole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well here I put aside what a pre-paradigmatic state of research should look like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what Jerry Bravitz hypothesized, what, uh, kind of,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Non-theoretical pre kind of scientific field should look like seems to be the case in a lot of technology research today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So because of these inefficiencies and this real reinvention and these debates, there's actually very little consensus at the end of the day. You know, we might have for social media now, we might have 10 years of research to build on. We actually know very little that can actually


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Concretely policy change into, for example, thinking about whether and how we should regulate social media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We come to the fourth stage. So we're going back to government and policymakers, which is actually where we kind of want to end up. Even as scientists, we want our work to enact positive change long-term in society. I think that's why many of us are in this field in the first place. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are the options now that there's actually been very little evidence created? There's maybe not yet a consensus. Uhm, there's still very, very vicious debate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what can you do if you do want to enact policy change?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, let me think about what I want to say at the end. Uhm, sorry, I'm just looking through my slides.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What we have is a cycle that makes things very, very inefficient. It actually leaves policymakers with very little option for what to do. We need to really rethink then how we can solve that cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and I guess because I can't really get to that last, uh, five to...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and I think we could improve our research, we could accelerate our research, but then we could also think about what do we do if scientific consensus is just never quick enough?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For actually 10 act policy change and I think in a accelerating digital


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that's a really interesting point and I think it is probably true. You know, I, I again, I'm not a huge expert in exactly that area and the way I've been trying to bring everything to think that because it's new and it's concrete and we see it as concrete. And actually I'm currently working on a project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where uhm, we're actually saying that naturally social media is changing over time. We see it as a concrete thing because it's new, but naturally it is developing as well. So maybe our heuristics in how we approach technology as it being this unifying thing that is so impactful does make it easy to link it to concerning changes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a common question and I think that naturally


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At every point of different technological developments, people thought they were different and that's why they were important. So I think...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a way we need to keep that in mind. But naturally we might be at a different turning point. We might be at a point where actually we need to act and we won't find it funny in 10 years time. And that might be true. And I think that's why we need to take this cycle really seriously. How can we create evidence quicker to actually enact positive policy change?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's because uhm, there's a lot of thought around kind of when can you actually, for example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or we need to take more gambles in terms of regulation, or there's a lot of ideas out there. Uhm, but I think we, we need to get better because maybe this time is special, but probably we'll get something at some point where we want to act. You know, we're gonna live in a digital society, uhm, and we already are, so I think that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's, if we should be concerned now, which would be concerned in 20 years, we need a better system in place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that goes back down to theory, and I wish I had time to kind of talk about some of the core theoretical approach, for example, in communication, things like the displacement hypothesis or in


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe a way to subtract things out is to really think about what is different now from, for example, TikTok from Facebook and then actually test exactly that difference and not just the whole technology as a whole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think if we approach it with that red thread and with the comparisons technologies of the past, it should be easier for us to subtract out that base level of concern. I think we're not there yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's really interesting because uhm, that's something that I've thought about and I don't actually know. So it could be that technological development is going to be so fast that actually maybe the cycle stopped really making a difference because we don't have these upticks of concern because it's like sped up so much or because technological change becomes less


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for the great talk, Jen. I wanted to ask about this, like, one sentence you mentioned really early on about the differences in community acceptance of, like, make for COVID, that make for COVID achieved versus, like, the UW COVID, like, task force. And I was wondering if you could just talk a little bit more about that and, like, why you saw the differences and, like, what caused those differences.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, no Aunt Mary, I'm afraid we can't do it right now. Watch yourself. Cops are probably covering everybody you know. Goodnight Aunt Mary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we do have a number of questions in the, uhm, in the queue. I'll start with one, uhm, and then, but panelists, feel free to just unmute yourself and ask questions. Uhm, you know, so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, asks a question, wondering whether technology is linked to the social changes because it's concrete, like you can point at it, and because it's new and unknown, like making it some sort of easy scapegoat, or is there something else going on?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If, how do we differentiate the sort of true of negative effects of this technology from the sort of repeating, right? If we have a signal that's repeating, we should be able to sort of subtract it out, so to speak and say, okay, that's, you know, that's cyclical, but this harm or this concern really is important and unique and something we need to attend to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excellent, and thank you Amy for joining us in our inaugural seminar of the year. We're all thrilled to have you here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could see us and hear us, there would be clapping and things, but you'll just have to imagine it. So thanks again, and I hope you have a great rest of your day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jumping into Lucian's mind, what he was thinking, what he was talking about with Elaine, uhm, they were kind of like, uh, Nesta and Phyra were kind of blocking themselves from him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being able to see them and she was able to.


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[Assistant] Read his mind while that was going on. We figured out that he had like, all he wanted was straight up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Elaine's best interest at heart. Do we think that's a good thing or not?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, also our homegirl's trying to play matchmaker, uh.


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[Assistant] And you know, you know how it goes when people try to play matchmaker for you. I don't know if that, I don't know if that ever ends well. So let's see how it continues into the night court in chapter 25.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Emoryn Hatton dressed Nesta in cobwebs and stardust as more and I were clothed.


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[Assistant] But she hadn't dressed Nesta in her own style of loose pants and a cropped blouse. She kept it simple. Brutal.


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[Assistant] A dress of impenetrable black flowed to the dark marble floors of the throne room of the Hewn City.


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[Assistant] Tight, through the bodice and sleeves, its neckline skimming the base of her pale throat.


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[Assistant] Nessa's hair had been swept into a style simple to reveal the pains of her face, the savage clarity of her eyes as she took in the assembled crowd.


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[Assistant] The towering carved pillars and the scaled beasts whined around them. The mighty day and the throne atop it and did not balk.


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[Assistant] Indeed, Nesta's chin only lifted with each step we took toward the day.


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[Assistant] My sister and the others peeled away at the foot of the day, taking flanking positions at its base. No fear, no joy, no light in their faces. Azrael at Moor's side, looking murderously calm as he surveyed those gathered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As Eva held Keir, waiting beside a golden-haired woman who had to be Moor's mother, sneering at us. I promised them nothing. Moor had warned me.


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[Assistant] Bryce held out a hand for me to ascend the day steps. I kept my head high, back straight, as I gripped his fingers and strode up the few stairs. Toward that solitary throne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Price only winked as he gracefully escorted me right into that throne.


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[Assistant] The black stone bitingly cold against my bare thighs.


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[Assistant] They outright gasped as Ryze simply perched on the arm of the throne, smirked at me and said to the court of nightmares, thou, for they had not with me seated on that throne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their faces were still a mixture of shock and disdain as they all dropped to their knees.


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[Assistant] I avoided looking at Nesta while she had no choice but to follow suit.


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[Assistant] But I made myself look at here, at the female beside him, at anyone who dared meet my gaze.


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[Assistant] Made myself remember what they had done to Moore, now bowing with a grin on her face, when she was barely more than a child. Some of the court averted their eyes.


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[Assistant] I will interpret the lack of two thrones to be due to the fact that this visit came upon you quickly.


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[Assistant] Raya said with lethal calm, and I will let you all escape without having your skin flayed from my bones as my mating gift to you. Our loyal subject. He added, smiling faintly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I traced a finger over the scaly coil of one of the pieces that made up the arms of that throne. Our court. Part of it. And we needed them to fight with us. To agree to it. Hi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The mouth I'd painted that dark, dark red parted into a lazy smile.


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[Assistant] Endrels of power snaked toward the day, but didn't dare venture past the first step, testing me what power I might have, but not getting close enough to offend Rice.


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[Assistant] I let them creep closer, sniffing around as I said to Ryze, to the throne room. Surely my love, they would like to stand now.


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[Assistant] Or I smile down at me then at the crowd. Ruzz.


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[Assistant] They did. And some of those tendrils of power dared climb up the first step. I pounced.


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[Assistant] Three gasps choke through the murmuring room as I slam talon-sharp magic down upon those two curious powers, dug in deep and hard, a cat with a bird under its paw, several of them. Do you wish to have this back? I ask quietly, to no one in particular.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Near the foot of the day, Keir was scowling over his shoulder.


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[Assistant] A silver circlet glinting atop his golden hair. Someone whimpered in the back of the room.


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[Assistant] Raya's purred to the crowd that it's not polite to touch a lady without her permission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In answer, I sank those dark talons in further. The magic of whoever had dared tried to test me thrashing and buckling. Play nice. I crooned to the crowd and let go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three separate flurries of motion warred for my attention. Someone had winnowed outright, fleeing. Another had fainted, and a third was clinging to whoever stood beside them, trembling. I marked all their faces. Amaryn and Nesta approached the foot of the day. My sister was staring as if she'd never seen me before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't dare break my mask of the Mew's coolness. Didn't dare ask if Nesta's shields were holding up, if someone had just tried to test her as well. Nesta's own imperious face yielded nothing. Emeron bowed her head to me for Ryze. Be a leave, Highlord. Ryze waved his unidle hand. Go!


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[Assistant] Enjoy yourselves. He jerked his chin to the watching crowd. Food and music, now. He was obeyed, instantly.


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[Assistant] My sister and Amarin vanished before the crowd could begin milling about, striding right through those towering doors and into the gloom.


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[Assistant] I go play with some of the magical trove kept here to give Nesta some practice for whenever Amaryn figured out how to fix the wall.


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[Assistant] A few heads turned in their direction, then quickly looked away as Emeron noticed them. Let some of the monster inside show.


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[Assistant] We still had not told her of the bone carver of the prison visit. Something a bit like guilt coiled in my stomach.


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[Assistant] Though I supposed I had to get used to it as Ryze curled a finger toward Keir and said, The Council Room. In minutes.


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[Assistant] Here's eyes narrowed at the order. The female beside him keeping her head down. Portrait of subservience. What more was supposed to have been?


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[Assistant] My friend was indeed watching her parents, cold indifference on her face. Asriel kept a step away, monitoring everything.


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[Assistant] I didn't let myself look too interested. Too worried as Ryze offered me a hand and we rose from the throne. I went to talk of war.


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[Assistant] The council chamber of the Hewn City was nearly as large as the throne room. It was carved from the same dark rock, its pillars fashioned after those entangled beasts.


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[Assistant] Bar below the high domed ceiling, a mammoth table of black glass split the room in two like a lightning strike. Its corners left long and jagged, sharp as a razor. Rias claimed a seat at the head of the table. I took one at the opposite end.


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[Assistant] Azrael Moore found seats on one side and Keir settled into the seat on the other. The chair beside him sat empty.


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[Assistant] Riseling back in his dark chair, swirling the wine that had been poured by a stone-faced servant a moment before.


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[Assistant] Here surveyed us, distaste lingering on his handsome face. Wyvern is swarming. The legions, sneered as real at the allureings he represented, are gathering.


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[Assistant] Kieran released his long fingers and set them upon the dark glass.


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[Assistant] You mean to ask for my Darkbringers? Join your army.


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[Assistant] Raya sip from his wine. Well, at least you've spared me the effort of dancing around the subject. You're held as gaze without blinking. I will confess that I find myself sympathetic to a hybrid's cause.