[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what are their actual impressions of these designs? How do participants feel about each of these?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, largely participants really hated the racism alarm. Uh, they felt that the racism alarm created a really socially awkward situation, that it actually made them more vulnerable in those spaces, and that they had absolutely no agency when it came to that. They weren't able to actually say when they wanted it to trip or when they didn't, it was just putting them in a really difficult situation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so one participant says, I liked nothing. I think the alarm is way too sensitive. And it made the person feel uncomfortable where he wasn't initially. So they didn't even think that Sam in that experience was experiencing racism that was noticeable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another person said, I would not want to create a scene. And a third person said, I would eliminate this from existence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's important to note, we did not make this, the racism alarm up. These are direct adaptations from multiple participants in the study. And again, you can see, uhm, it's putting it in context reveals some of the tensions between what might be wanted and what works, uhm, practically.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but again, this third participant mentioned, I would change the buzzing. It feels like it's awkward. It's a loud telltale sign. I would want it to be silent and to just update me afterwards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, responses to the Comfort Speaker were incredibly positive. Uh, people felt that it was relaxing, it was a good listener, um, and it gave them a lot of agency for when and how to actually interact with it. So, we have comments like, I like that it made me feel relaxed, um, you know, by infusing my favorite scent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And towards the second question, uh, how do the designs impact people's perception of racism, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, a couple of interesting responses to this. So, uh, we did an evaluative coding, um, of that data on the impression, uh, and found that, um, uh, so we used Professor Smith as this useful foil for comparison because people don't tend to say that he was racist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And here we might expect participants to indicate that Dr. Avery is prejudiced the most in the alarm condition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but that wasn't necessarily the case. They weren't necessarily willing to make a strong assessment about her character, uh, again because of the subtle nature of microaggressions. Uh, there is a resistance to calling someone racist who might have said something unintentionally, uh, biased.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turns out that explicitly calling out racism doesn't increase certainty. So one of the goals of these designs was to make people feel, uh, more sure about the nature of an experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And instead we found that in every design condition, participants significantly more strongly agreed that Dr. Avery was racist compared to Professor Smith, but there was no difference across the designs for how they evaluated, um, uh, both of these characters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so again, uh, you know, through a one-way Innova, we found there was, uh, no strong difference, uh, here, uhm, and instead, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Calling out explicit racism with the alarm, uh, seemed to have a backfiring, uh, uh, uh, reaction. Uh, and instead, again, the watch seemed to do a much better job at signaling to people that the comments were inappropriate without, um, overly placing an, uh, interpretation on that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so now, running a little bit short on time, so I'm gonna just really briefly comment on the emotional experience. Uh, so uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We did find that the emotional experience of each of these prototypes was very different. So we were able to code these into a balance and arousal mapping of emotions. So these are all the emotions that were listed to participants about how they might have felt at different moments in the story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and largely felt saw that, um, alarm participants, uh, felt really negative emotions with, uh, mixed levels of arousal or activation of their emotions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, watch participants felt negative emotions with high arousal and a little bit of positive ones. Uh, we were a bit surprised to see so many negative, uh, emotions during, uh, the watch, uh, prototype.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so I want to get to a little bit of where I'm headed with some of this work in the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, found that this method was effective in, uh, uh, demonstrating these prototypes and letting people actually use them to help us evaluate them and find out really interesting tensions in the design of these technologies, even while actually doing things that similar participants had asked for. But again, we found


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I want to spend the last couple minutes really quickly just talking about where I see this work fitting into a larger HCI context and where I hope it goes in the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So first, uh, this work contributes, uh, to these ongoing conversations in the digital humanities and in ethnic and cultural studies and information studies around how race diffuses our interactions and the construction of our technology. And this brings a specifically HCI perspective to those conversations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This work also demonstrates the ability of games and interactive narrative as a tool to facilitate conversations around things that are incredibly sensitive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, this work also directly contributes to HCI.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, it demonstrates some specific considerations in the design of games and other social technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In creating anti-racist technology, it shows how, again, games can be a specific part of that, the role of uncertainty in all of these experiences, and it contributes specific knowledge about how black and indigenous people of color experience racism and cope with it in CSUW relevant contexts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As many of you know, uhm, I wrote a CHI paper this past year with my co-first authors Angela and Finda. And while it's not a part of this body of research,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This research informed very much how I approached this work on critical race theory for HCI. Uhm, it's, my work tackles a very specific understanding of race, but there is a lot of room and a gigantic open agenda for other scholars to engage in this kind of work within the field of HCI.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As I'm thinking about where I want to see this moving forward, I wanted to share this quotation from Andre Brock Jr. in his book, Distributed Blackness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I wanted to take this moment to, to reflect on, on this body of my work. Uhm, and Andre writes about how focusing on racism as a frame for Black identity is deterministic. Right? It's important for us, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That being said, focusing solely on trauma experiences or marginalizing and oppressive experiences as the experience of being a person of color, I think, is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Overly deterministic. It's not the only thing that we should be studying when it comes to race and technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So much of my future work is moving in that direction. Moving away from just focusing on oppression, marginalization, and instead centering experiences of joy. How can we use games to deliver joyful experiences that might address oppression or might be there to just uplift and empower people of color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to be extending my work on these participatory design workshops in that direction and finding other ways to incorporate frameworks of joy and cultural wealth into my anti-racist work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So with that, uh, I'll wrap things up. I wanted to just say that, uhm, this work is done with, uh, an incredibly large amount of really wonderful collaborators and scholars, uh, without whom I would absolutely not be able to do this. I was able to work with, believe over,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 40 students over the course of all of this work, uhm, who were just really incredible collaborators.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so with that, I thank you for being here and I'm looking forward to taking your questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think to me it just means engaging with this in a much longer process, right? So I wanted to start out with asking participants to build Naive Fragile Fictions because I view this as a space that's really, I thought we could start from a space that was like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In respecting participants, let's understand, like, they are an expert in a lot of things that I'm not an expert in, right? They're an expert in their own experiences and what they need. Uhm, and I think that that's, you know, calling it a naive, fragile fiction maybe is obfuscating some of that, right? There's a lot of power in the designs that were proposed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what these participants are not experts in is like actually building some of these technologies, uhm, and actually deploying them in a real world scenario, right? They're able to picture what would it look like if I


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The prototype work is moving in that direction, right? It's like, once you can imagine, like, taking all that feedback I got from that evaluation study and using it to iterate something that you actually might want to build in practice, uhm, and that, uh, took a lot of those themes and put them into something practical. But I specifically chose things that were incredibly exaggerated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To try to find out where those boundaries were, because it's again, it's such an open space that we need to, to start just very slowly narrowing in on that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so I think that's entirely possible to like, do the type of work I did with the prototypes, but try to make something that you would actually want to see. Uhm, that was just a methodological choice I made because...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even entering that space knowing that we're all interested in anti-racist design, things like that, you can still see like participants were really tentative to engage with each other in the very beginning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that process of reconstructing the narrative gave them the chance to validate each other, even if that's not what we were calling it in name. And I do think that a lot of that would transfer to an online context, right? Like, I mean, they were, had the ability to physically reconstruct it. They all had pads of sticky notes with different colors to like build up these layers of like what the story is and what's actually happening here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What other people noticed in the story was really important because like we never actually tell them as the researchers like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't like highlight what moment was racist, but when they start telling each other that they noticed that, it's, that's the moment where you see this really big shift in the conversation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I actually think that that would translate pretty nicely. Uhm, in terms of the specific dynamics that happened in the room,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of that is work that's on the facilitator, like myself and my collaborator, um, Hillary, we ran all the workshops together and we, we write about that a little bit more in this, uh, DissWhip that we published on this method.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a lot of it is really being transparent about what our role is, right? So it's like the same thing that you do in a typical HCI user study, right? Where you need to explain like, we're not evaluating here. That's not the point here. The point is that you're an expert and I have a lot to gain from your expertise. Let's collaborate and work on this together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so that's more of like an additudinal thing about how I approach my work. Uhm, I try to maintain some transparency and communication with my participants. Uhm, the participants I interviewed in the very first study I shared, I interviewed them in 2018.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a lot of it's in the framing of how I'm trying to communicate what my work is for and who it's for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do they consider their expertise to be? What do you consider your responsibility to be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when it comes to your design work and your research work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you reflect on, like, all of the things that you bring to the table when you're entering a design space with a stakeholder?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so mostly I'm just trying to get people to reflect on their positions in the world and how they relate to other people and what kinds of commitments they want to make to the communities that they're doing work for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being really persistent with that, uhm, is the thing that I'm the most interested in encouraging people to do, because I think what follows from that is a lot of other kinds of ethical practice and a lot of other considerations, but starting from understanding, like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What your actual roles and responsibilities are and the space that you occupy in relation to other people. I think that is a really important starting ground for those conversations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of us who knew Bress knew that that was his lifetime goal to coach Pete in college. But unfortunately, he didn't hit those books as hard as he should have when he was a young man. Consequently, he didn't quite make the grade on the SATs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was so obsessed by the boy and his talent that he would take the films home and would play them over and over and over and over and over again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you had a three or one break, Pete might go down and give it behind the back and go out of bounds and you know, they're running down the court trying to get a layup and so they got tested sometimes with Pete.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He totally impressed me, uh, coming in because I thought he was mainly an offensive player.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Changing the game with his above the rim acrobatics. After five seasons in the ABA where he won two titles, Dr. J led the Philadelphia 76ers to the 1983 NBA championship. You're watching ESPN Classic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was with your brother in the car. Forgive me for not standing with you at the grave. I was afraid to show myself there after me too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have a hundred faces and one name, La Porra. They're everywhere listening, finding out who is against the president. And big or little makes no difference. They're silenced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It won't only be your life. They'll arrest your whole family. They'll punish your friends. I know that your heart is filled with hate, but you must try to understand that vengeance is no good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a great deal you can do, if you're willing to risk your life. If you want to serve a real purpose, join us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I will tell my superior, and he will communicate with those higher up in the movement. They will notify you when and where they want to see you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are those even in the organization who feel the killing of Contreras was a big mistake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you say it will make Cuba free. I look at all of you and I know you are good men, friends. I believe you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are not finished yet. Listen to me. We have the bomb. We can take it to the palace in a car. Tony. Tony, let me do it. Please, Tony, I'll take the bomb. Let me do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If in discovery it's found out that you knew about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, partly. I mean, do you think there are legal or policy reforms that could address this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well she was always better than me, and that was frustrating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joe. Oh, Joe. Oh, butter, wad and melt. Getting wed? When yesterday you weren't even courting? You soft lout you've been had. I'd sooner have the workhouse to this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Heavy day. Tell me when a manager has a heavy day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did I overbalance you? Oh, you won't overbalance that big head. He won't even give


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're a funny fellow, Doug. So I have a bastard son. One that I know about, should I say. What do you intend to do about this vileness? Bridget is going to look after Lily and the boy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I went away. Took a ship to America. Could you raise the money? What do you bloody think? How much do you think we'd get?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today is Hillary Clinton's birthday, uh, as is her custom. She d- every year, she spent a quiet evening drinking the blood of her enemies and-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To say something nice to Hillary Clinton on her special day, and this is how that went.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In her 30 years of politics, uh, she's done nothing for the people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't even say one positive thing about her for her birthday? No. It's just for her birthday, which is today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, I'm Jimmy Kimmel. If you enjoyed the video, hit subscribe. And if you don't click subscribe, this invisible hamster will die.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hail Sphinx. Salutation from Julius Caesar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a dream. What a magnificent dream. Only let me not wake!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He is easily deceived by women. That eye is dazzling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cleopatra, I really think I must eat you after all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now Achilles is still in his prime. Ptolemy is a boy. Well, every dog has his day. I've had mine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They didn't understand the injuries that were gonna happen. The worst event ever? The human cannonball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think you're not replaceable, you are, and that's one of the things that they wanted to prove to people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For us and the other employees, this also means that we have to keep each other up to date on the laws, but also on the different passports.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] New passports are constantly being issued, and sometimes there are new laws.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Until then my pulse was still relatively calm, but it increased a little when the owner arrived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And although he flies often and should simply know that you don't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good to have back here on the Rich Eyes and Show from the New Orleans Saints, Chris Olavi. How you doing, Chris? I'm doing great, man. Appreciate you guys for having me. I appreciate you coming on. Where are you up to? What's going on with you today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm just wondering if, if you, you know, did he ever reach out to you when you were in college? Did you know him before becoming a teammate in his?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got Chris Olave here on the Rich Eisen Show. So your biggest adjustment from college to the pros last year was what? For you, Chris.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh I see, so you say from college you were used to having great matchups in practice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got confused because you referred to it as Ohio State and not the Ohio State. I was thinking of it might have been a different school, Chris, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it has not turned. You're saying it has not turned. So, so the, this is now still sort of an outlier. That's what you're saying, Chris.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, he, this is now considered a much more wide open division even though you damn near won the thing last year anyway with Tom being there. How does your team talk about this upcoming season and the opportunity you have in the NFC South right now, Chris?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you personally didn't struggle last year. I mean, you put up numbers that, that, you know, rivaled the rest of your, you know, fellow rookies at the position as we all know. So do you have something written down about, for your own personal goals somewhere?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. Do you have a, uh, a good rivalry, I guess, personal with Garrett Wilson and with Jackson Smith and Jigba and all the guys now across the NFL?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What advice do you have for Smith and Jigba coming in?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because that is the conversation, you know, obviously so many scouts were in Columbus this year for CJ Stroud.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chris, and so uhm, and I don't think it was any coincidence that Marvin Harrison Jr. was running routes for CJ that day, among the many. And many scouts came away saying if he was eligible, he'd be the guy. And so you have Noquam saying he's the best out of all of you coming out of Columbus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, Chris, I appreciate you taking the call and making it right here, and I hope we get to do it, uhm, more often. Uhm, so uhm, in the meantime, you know, maybe we'll talk. Wow, I mean, you're bi-week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are you gonna go? It looks like your bi-week is the Michigan-Ohio state weekend. You don't go to the bi-week. Oh really? Yeaah. Looks like it. Oh yeaah. You know I'm a beater, Dan. Well, it's at the big house. It's at the big house, Chris. It's at the big house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, cause that's what, you know, again, I know you take it one at a time. It does look like if I can just figure out dates here, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a very busy minister who encouraged you to pick up the slack. Uh, one of my summer jobs was on Catalina Island off the coast of California.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, befriended a guy named Reverend Bob, who was a great guy, didn't drink, didn't do any drugs, he just was looking for a good time. And he was a universal life church reverend, which was actually started as a tax haven, but uhm, they also, they did weddings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, registered and you are legally an ordained minister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I said, here's a copy of Kehil Gibran, people like that, and just, you know, just talk to them and have the bride sign here, the groom sign here, you're done. You know, it's like, okay. So I was, I had hair down to here, I was sunburned, I had shorts and flip flops and a Hawaiian shirt. And I show up, it was at an airport.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm looking around and I thought, oh man, and this guy says, what, who are you? And I went, I'm the minister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's, where are we gonna do this? He said, we're gonna go into an airplane, a six-seater airplane, and we're gonna, once we get over the Hollywood sign, we want to start the ceremony. I go, piece of cake, no problem. Inside, of course, I'm like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We get inside, I'm next to the pilot, then the bride and groom, and the witnesses in the back. And that's a twin engine prop plane. So I have to scream. So I'm in the back going...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The work of Sabbath reformed to be accomplished in the last days is foretold in the prophecy of Isaiah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Keep ye judgment and do justice, for my salvation is near to come and my righteousness to be revealed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blessed is the man that doeth this, and the son of man that layeth hold on it, that keepeth the Sabbath from polluting it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil. The sons of the stranger


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone that keepeth the Sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here is foreshadowed the gathering in of the Gentiles by the Gospel. And upon those who then honor the Sabbath, a blessing is pronounced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thus the obligation of the fourth commandment extends past the crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension of Christ to the time when His servants should preach to all nations the message of glad tidings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Lord commands by the same prophet, bind up the testimony, seal the law among my disciples. Isaiah 8 verse 16.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The seal of God's law is found in the fourth commandment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This only of all the ten brings to view both the name and the title of the lawgiver.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It declares him to be the creator of the heavens and the earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And thus shows his claim to reverence and worship above all others.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aside from this precept, there is nothing in the Decalogue to show by whose authority the law is given. When the Sabbath was changed by the papal power, the seal was taken from the law.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The disciples of Jesus are called upon to restore it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By exalting the Sabbath of the Fourth Commandment to its rightful position as the Creator's memorial and the sign of His authority, to the law and to the testimony, while conflicting doctrines and theories abound,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The law of God is the one unerring rule by which all opinions, doctrines, and theories are to be tested. Says the prophet. If they speak not according to this word it is because there is no light in them. Verse 20. Again the command is given. Cry aloud, spare not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lift up thy voice like a trumpet and show my people their transgression and the house of Jacob their sins. It is not the wicked world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here is brought to view a class who think themselves righteous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the stern and solemn rebuke of the searcher of hearts proves them to be trampling upon the divine precepts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The prophet thus points out the ordinance which has been forsaken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thou shalt raise up the foundations of many generations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And thou shalt be called the repairer of the breach, the restorer of paths to dwell in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If thou turn away thy foot from the Sabbath, from doing thy pleasure on my holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honorable, and shalt honor him,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This prophecy also applies in our time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The breach was made in the law of God when the Sabbath was changed by the Roman power. But the time has come for that divine institution to be restored. The breach is to be repaired


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the foundation of many generations to be raised up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hallowed by the Creator's rest and blessing, the Sabbath was kept by Adam in his innocence in Holy Eden, by Adam, fallen yet repentant, when he was driven from his happy estate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was kept by all the patriarchs from Abel to righteous Noah to Abraham to Jacob. When the chosen people were in bondage in Egypt,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many in the midst of prevailing idolatry lost their knowledge of God's law. But when the Lord delivered Israel,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He proclaimed his law in awful grandeur to the assembled multitude that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They might know his will and fear and obey him forever. From that day to the present, the knowledge of God's law has been preserved in the earth and the Sabbath of the fourth commandment has been kept.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Though the man of sin succeeded in trampling underfoot God's holy day,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There have been some in every generation to maintain its observance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Though often in the midst of reproach and persecution,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A constant testimony has been born to the perpetuity of the law of God and the sacred obligation of the creation Sabbath.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These truths as presented in Revelation 14 in connection with the everlasting gospel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll distinguish the Church of Christ at the time of His appearing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For as the result of the three-fold message, it is announced


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here are they that keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this message is the last to be given before the coming of the Lord.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Immediately following its proclamation, the Son of Man is seen by the Prophet coming in glory to reap the harvest of the earth.


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[Assistant] Those who received the light concerning the sanctuary and the immutability of the law of God were filled with joy and wonder.


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[Assistant] As they saw the beauty and harmony of the system of truth that opened to their understanding.


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[Assistant] They desired that the light which appeared to them so precious might be imparted to all Christians, and they could not but believe that it would be joyfully accepted. But the truths that would place them at variance with the world


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[Assistant] We're not welcome to many who claim to be followers of Christ.


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[Assistant] Obedience to the fourth commandment required a sacrifice from which the majority drew back. As the claims of the Sabbath were presented, many reasoned from the worldlings' standpoint. Said they, We have always kept Sunday.


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[Assistant] Our fathers kept it, and many good and pious men have died happy while keeping it. If they were right, so are we.


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[Assistant] The keeping of this new Sabbath would throw us out of harmony with the world and we would have no influence over them.


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[Assistant] What can a little company keep in the seventh day hope to accomplish against all the world who are keeping Sunday?


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[Assistant] It was by similar arguments that the Jews endeavored to justify their rejection of Christ.


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[Assistant] Their fathers had been accepted of God in presenting the sacrificial offerings.


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[Assistant] Papists reasoned that true Christians had died in the Catholic faith, and therefore that religion was sufficient for salvation.


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[Assistant] Such reasoning would prove an effectual barrier to all advancement in religious faith or practice.


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[Assistant] Many urged that Sunday-keeping had been an established doctrine.


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[Assistant] It was shown that the Sabbath and its observance were more ancient and widespread, even as old as the world itself.


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[Assistant] When the morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy.


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[Assistant] Then was laid the foundation of the Sabbath. Job 38 verses 6 and 7, Genesis 2 verses 1 to 3. Well may this institution demand our reverence. It was ordained by no human authority and rests upon no human traditions. It was established by the Ancient of Days and commanded by His Eternal Word. As the attention of the people


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[Assistant] was called to the subject of Sabbath reform. Popular ministers perverted the word of God.


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[Assistant] Placing such interpretations upon its testimony as would best quiet inquiring minds.


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[Assistant] And those who did not search the scriptures for themselves were content to accept conclusions that were in accordance with their desires. By argument, sophistry, the traditions of the Fathers, and the authority of the Church, many endeavored to overthrow the truth.


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[Assistant] Its advocates were driven to their Bibles to defend the validity of the Fourth Commandment.


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[Assistant] Humble men, armed with the word of truth alone.


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[Assistant] Withstood the attacks of men of learning who, with surprise and anger, found their eloquent sophistry powerless against the simple, straightforward reasoning of men who reversed in the scriptures rather than in the subtleties of the schools. In the absence of Bible testimony in their favor, many with unwearying persistence urged


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[Assistant] Forgetting how the same reasoning had been employed against Christ and His apostles, why do not our great men understand this Sabbath question? But few believe as you do.


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[Assistant] It cannot be that you are right and that all the men of learning in the world are wrong.


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[Assistant] To refute such arguments, it was needful only to cite the teachings of the Scriptures and the history of the Lord's dealings with His people in all ages.


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[Assistant] God works through those who hear and obey his voice.


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[Assistant] Those who will if need be speak unpalatable truths


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[Assistant] Those who do not fear to reprove popular sins.


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[Assistant] The reason why he does not more often choose men of learning and high position to lead out in reform movements is that they trust to their creeds, theories, and theological systems and feel no need to be taught of God.


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[Assistant] Only those who have a personal connection with the source of wisdom


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[Assistant] But because they are not too self-sufficient to be taught of God.


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[Assistant] God confers upon them an honor in comparison which earthly honor and human greatness sink into insignificance.


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[Assistant] The majority of Adventists rejected the truths concerning the sanctuary and the law of God.


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[Assistant] And many also renounced their faith in the Advent movement and adopted unsound and conflicting views of the prophecies which applied to that work.


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[Assistant] Some were led into the error of repeatedly fixing upon a definite time for the coming of Christ.


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[Assistant] The light which was now shining on the subject of the sanctuary.


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[Assistant] Should have shown them that no prophetic period extends to the second advent.


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[Assistant] They continued to set time after time for the Lord to come, and as often, they were disappointed.


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[Assistant] When the Thessalonian church received erroneous views concerning the coming of Christ, the apostle Paul counseled them to test their hopes and anticipations carefully by the word of God.


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[Assistant] He cited them to prophecies revealing the events to take place before Christ should come.


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[Assistant] And showed that they had no ground to expect him in their day.


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[Assistant] Let no man deceive you by any means are his words of warning.


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[Assistant] Should they indulge expectations that were not sanctioned by the scriptures, they would be led to a mistaken course of action.


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[Assistant] Contains an important lesson for those who live in the last days.


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[Assistant] Many Adventists have felt that unless they could fix their faith upon a definite time for the Lord's coming,


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[Assistant] They could not be zealous and diligent in the work of preparation.


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[Assistant] But as their hopes are again and again excited only to be destroyed, their faith receives such a shock


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[Assistant] In the giving of the first message was ordered by God.


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[Assistant] The computation of the prophetic periods on which that message was based, placing the close of the 2300 days in the autumn of 1844, stands without impeachment.


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[Assistant] The repeated efforts to find new dates for the beginning and close of the prophetic periods.


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[Assistant] He excites ridicule and contempt of its advocates.


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[Assistant] And thus casts reproach upon the great advent movement of 1843 and 1844. Those who persist in this error.


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[Assistant] Will it last fix upon a date too far in the future for the coming of Christ? Thus they will be led to rest in a false security and many will not be undeceived until it is too late.


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[Assistant] The history of ancient Israel is a striking illustration of the past experience of the Adventist body.


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[Assistant] God led his people in the advent movement even as he led the children of Israel from Egypt.


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[Assistant] In the great disappointment, their faith was tested as was that of the Hebrews at the Red Sea. Had they still trusted to the guiding hand that had been with them in their past experience, they would have seen the salvation of God.


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[Assistant] If all who had labored unitedly in the work in 1844 had received the third angel's message and proclaimed it in the power of the Holy Spirit, the Lord would have wrought mightily with their efforts. A flood of light would have been shed upon the world.


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[Assistant] Years ago, the inhabitants of the earth would have been warned, the closing work completed, and Christ would have come for the redemption of his people. It was not the will of God that Israel should wander forty years in the wilderness.


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[Assistant] He desired to lead them directly to the land of Canaan and establish them there, a holy, happy people.


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[Assistant] But they could not enter in because of unbelief


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[Assistant] Because of their backsliding and apostasy, they perished in the desert, and others were raised up to enter the promised land. In like manner, it was not the will of God that the coming of Christ should be so long delayed, and His people should remain so many years in this world of sin and sorrow. But unbelief separated them from God.


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[Assistant] The presentation of a truth that reproves the sins and errors of the times will excite opposition. Everyone that doeth evil hateth the light.


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[Assistant] Neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. John 3 verse 20


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[Assistant] As men see that they cannot maintain their position by the scriptures, many determine to maintain it at all hazards.


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[Assistant] And with a malicious spirit, they assail the character and motives of those who stand in defense of unpopular truth.


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[Assistant] It is the same policy which has been pursued in all ages.


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[Assistant] Elijah was declared to be a troubler in Israel. Jeremiah a traitor. Paul a polluter of the temple.


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[Assistant] From that day to this, those who would be loyal to truth have been denounced as seditious, heretical, or schismatic.


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[Assistant] Multitudes who are too unbelieving to accept the sure word of prophecy will receive with unquestioning credulity an accusation against those who dare to reprove fashionable sins. This spirit will increase more and more.


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[Assistant] And the Bible plainly teaches that a time is approaching when the laws of the state will so conflict with the law of God.


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[Assistant] That whosoever would obey all the divine precepts must brave reproach and punishment as an evildoer.


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[Assistant] In view of this, what is the duty of the messenger of truth?


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[Assistant] Shall he conclude that the truth ought not to be presented? Since often its only effect is to arouse men to evade or resist its claims? No.


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[Assistant] He has no more reason for withholding the testimony of God's word because it excites opposition than had earlier reformers.


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[Assistant] The confession of faith made by saints and martyrs was recorded for the benefit of succeeding generations.


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[Assistant] Those living examples of holiness and steadfast integrity.


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[Assistant] Have come down to inspire courage in those who are now called to stand as witnesses for God. They received grace and truth not for themselves alone.


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[Assistant] But that through them the knowledge of God might enlighten the earth. Has God given light to his servants in this generation? Then they should let it shine forth to the world.


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[Assistant] To the servant of God at this time is the command addressed. Lift up thy voice like a trumpet.


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[Assistant] And show my people their transgression and the house of Jacob their sins.


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[Assistant] So far as his opportunities extend, everyone who has received the light of truth is under the same solemn and fearful responsibility as was the prophet of Israel, to whom the word of the Lord came saying,


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[Assistant] Son of man, I have set thee a watchman unto the house of Israel.


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[Assistant] Therefore thou shalt hear the word at my mouth, and warn them from me. When I say unto the wicked, O wicked man, thou shalt surely die.


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[Assistant] If thou dost not speak to warn the wicked from his way, That wicked man shall die in his iniquity, But his blood will I require thine hand. Nevertheless,


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[Assistant] If thou warn the wicked of his way to turn from it, if he do not turn from his way,


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[Assistant] He shall die in his iniquity, but thou hast delivered thy soul. Ezekiel 33 verses 7 through 9.


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[Assistant] The great obstacle both to the acceptance and to the promulgation of truth is the fact that it involves inconvenience and reproach.


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[Assistant] With the apostle Paul counting that our light affliction


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[Assistant] It is only those who are world servers at heart that act from policy rather than principle in religious things. We should choose the right because it is right and leave consequences with God. To men of principle, faith, and daring, the world is indebted for its great reforms.


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[Assistant] By such men the work of reform for this time must be carried forward. Thus saith the Lord.


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[Assistant] Harken unto me, ye that know righteousness, the people in whose heart is my law. Fear ye not the reproach of men, neither be afraid of their revilings. For the moth shall eat them up like a garment, and the worm shall eat them like wool. But my righteousness shall be forever.


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[Assistant] Scarlett, can't we go away and forget we've ever said these things?


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[Assistant] Ready? Action! What is it, a secret to tell me?


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[Assistant] Isn't it enough that you've collected every other man's heart here today? Do you want to make it unanimous? Well, you've always had my heart, you know. You cut your teeth on it.


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[Assistant] Scarlett, can't we go away and forget we ever said these things?


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[Assistant] Oh, I would remember Philadelphia. Oh. Say, is this the, uh, is this a hysteric? No, that's the one that was in the brawl. Well, now you see there's a bit of the brawler in Scarlet. Let's see her tomorrow. Oh my. I'm ready. I'm ready.


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[Assistant] Robinson knew that LaMotta was having trouble making weight.


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[Assistant] And his strategy going into the fight was to make Lamada work, to tire himself out in the early round.


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[Assistant] By the 10th round, Lamada was at a guess. Lamada makes a last desperate stand. He bowls.


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[Assistant] Robinson into a corner, he throws everything he's got at Robinson. And then Robinson comes out of the corner blazing and the fight turns right there.


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[Assistant] Robinson out-strategized Lamada, then beat him up.


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[Assistant] When I think of him, I think of the first hip sports hero. He had the hottest club in New York City, Sugar Ray's Cafe in Harlem.


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[Assistant] His friends were the hippest people, uh, Frank Sinatra, Jackie Gleason, Joe DiMaggio.


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[Assistant] At that point forward Robinson hated fighting. He hated what he was a genius at.


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[Assistant] The first career was based on speed, grace, poise, but when he came back and had these hard fights, he won those fights on his chin.


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[Assistant] Sugar Ray's entire purse was seized by the IRS. He got no money for one of the most savage fights in boxing history.


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[Assistant] Four of his great opponents carried him around the ring. Randy Turpin.


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[Assistant] Frank Sinatra took royalty payments from Anheuser-Busch and signed them to Ray Robinson.


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[Assistant] You got a phone call one afternoon and the voice on the phone said, Ray, this is Mr. Gray. Well, Mr. Gray was Frankie Carbaugh, who was considered the underworld czar of boxing. Carbaugh wanted him to dump a fight. Why not? Business.


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[Assistant] There is no place that is ground zero for this conversation more than military applications.


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[Assistant] Militaries are racing to develop AI faster than their adversaries.


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[Assistant] So, normally when I, when I do these kinds of talks, I really, really like to look at the audience, ask questions, see them nod their heads, raise their arms, uhm, and that's hard to do in this format.


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[Assistant] Uh, because of course we're not all in the same space, but I'm going to really try to do some of these same things. And so during the talk, you'll see that I'll stop and I'll ask you questions.


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[Assistant] And I know that not all of you can actually talk and answer questions. Those of you who can, please feel free to unmute and talk or respond in the chat pod. And those of you who can't, I will post a URL to the form where you can actually participate as well. So.


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[Assistant] Please, uh, please participate. I hope that makes this next hour or so more fun and more engaging and keeps you away from checking your email and all the other things going on on your computers. So, oh. Alright, here we go. Okay.


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[Assistant] But Adobe Research is very much a thriving research lab. We are actually very close to you at Stanford. We have two offices, one in San Jose, one in San Francisco. I personally am based in Seattle.


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[Assistant] And then on the East Coast, we have an office in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and then in College Park, Maryland.


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[Assistant] And then abroad, we have a London office and a Bangalore office. And we work across a variety of research areas, including computer graphics, computer vision, audio, natural language processing, machine learning.


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[Assistant] And premiere with 360 video editing. And these projects, uh, these ideas were, um, research papers originally before they ever made it into product.


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[Assistant] Now I know that many of you are students and I know it's that time of year when you're trying to figure out what's going on with the coming year. And so I did want to let you know that we are looking for interns. We had a remote internship program this year.


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[Assistant] I think the current plan is to do another remote internship program next year, but of course as things develop, that may change.


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[Assistant] I also wanted to tell you about our fellowship and scholarship programs. They just opened their applications.


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[Assistant] Uhm, the fellowship program is for PhD students and the scholarship program is for master students and undergraduate students. And I encourage you to check them out.


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[Assistant] They're both great. They include a $10,000 award and an opportunity to interview for an internship.


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[Assistant] And then I also wanted to, uh, share that we are also looking to fill full-time positions. So if you are graduating, definitely check out our website and apply.


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[Assistant] And again, I'm also happy to answer questions about Adobe research as a whole or about anything job related at the end of the talk.


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[Assistant] So, back to our topic. So I gave, as I said in the little introduction when Michael and I were going back and forth, I gave a first version of this talk.


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[Assistant] And 2020 really like took our world, at least took my world and turned it upside down. And so I thought, well, maybe the title is wrong. Maybe it should be video is the core communication tool of the present. Cause after all, everything I do is over video now.


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[Assistant] But then I thought about it some more and I said, well, uhm, even though I'm actually in front of video conferencing all day long, the way we actually think about video or work with video is really not that different. And so I kept the title as is.


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[Assistant] That, you know, and say, well, it's still the core communication tool of the future. And so now is this moment when I ask you, what do you think?


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[Assistant] Do you think it's, do you agree with me? Do you agree with this thesis or do you disagree? So those of you who can't talk to me.


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[Assistant] You can also just turn off your, uh, turn on your audio and talk, or you can use the form to respond. Anyone?


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[Assistant] That's a great, uhm, that's a great answer tonight, uhm, when the, uhm,


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[Assistant] Who's a professor at UC Berkeley and she was like, I, you know, I really feel like there's a, you know, there's this.


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[Assistant] And I, but like you, actually, I would say that the pandemic world has made me do a lot more writing than I ever did before. So I agree with you in that it's not really an


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[Assistant] Either or, like, it's not just gonna be video, it's not just gonna be text. I think that there is absolutely a place for all different kinds of communication. I just think that


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[Assistant] Uhm, video as a, as a communication tool is a place where, uhm, we see, I think there is a gap. And so that's part of why I, I make this claim. So.


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[Assistant] And they had spent several months visiting K-12 classrooms across the United States, learning about the technology the students were engaging with in the classroom at that time. Now, remember this is a year and a half ago, so pre-pandemic time, right? The world is probably different and it would be really interesting to do this research again. But at that time, here's what the world looked like.


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[Assistant] There were two types of tools. There were special project tools and core communication tools.


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[Assistant] Things like making posters with images, videos, telling a story, interactive reports, small books.


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[Assistant] And the tools that students use really varied a lot across teachers. There was no one tool that each, each teacher encouraged their students to use.


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[Assistant] In contrast, core communication tools were widely used across just about every teacher that the research team spoke with. And some teachers mentioned that they would actually scaffold use of these tools. So they would introduce different parts of them.


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[Assistant] Over time and really, you know, wanted the students to learn how to do this, how to use these tools. Some of them started teaching them as early as kindergarten.


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[Assistant] What are the core communication tools of the future, right? So for today, you can, based on the icons, you can guess these core communication tools are things like PowerPoint, things like documents, right?


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[Assistant] So I showed you some information about Adobe Research earlier in the talk and I flashed some numbers. I even maybe showed you some URLs.


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[Assistant] You know, look at a recording, right? Michael and Katherine are recording this talk. I'm sure you'll get the link. And so here is a recording of a, of a practice I gave to myself, um, yesterday. And so now maybe, you know, you have this recording and you want to find that part where you have the numbers. And so you're jumping around.


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[Assistant] Missed a keynote, uhm, at last year's CHI conference. I couldn't see it live, but my colleagues saw it and they said, Mira, this is a really, really good talk. There are some really great insights in there. You have to watch it. So I said, awesome. Okay, I will watch it.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but then of course I didn't have an hour to watch the talk.


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[Assistant] And maybe that means, you know, if you're talking a lot, maybe that means that my talk is really boring or maybe you really agree or disagree.


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[Assistant] So as I thought about video and what a core communication tool for video would look like, I created a framework to help me think about video tasks. And so,


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[Assistant] Let's walk through it. So one axis of this framework is are you trying to create video or are you consuming video? So what are you doing with video?


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[Assistant] Another one is, is this an interactive task or a passive task, right? So sitting down and watching TV or watching a movie, that's a passive task.


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[Assistant] Let's go through some examples of how to apply the framework. So you are all attending this talk. For you, this is the consumption task.


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[Assistant] For you, this would be again a consumption experience.


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[Assistant] It may be a multiple experience, you know, when we're watching videos, you may come back to this over and over again. Maybe you watch it once, you come back for something else.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it's something that you're gonna do likely by yourself. I mean, some people are doing these things more collaboratively these days, but in general, it's individual. Uhm, and so, you know, it's there for individual.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and some of that feedback I had, I got live through uhm, you know, a meeting kind of like this.


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[Assistant] Uh, but some of it I also got over email, so I had some asynchronous feedback.


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[Assistant] I'll give you one more example. It's kind of yet another point in the space. So this is my friend Debbie. She has a business.


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[Assistant] If you, uhm, subscribe to her class, you will get a box.


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[Assistant] And then on the day of the cooking class, you join her live cooking experience over video conferencing. So very much like what we're doing right now. And so she has a small number of people.


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[Assistant] And the public is not cooking with her, they're just watching what's going on, right? So I attended one of her virtual cooking classes.


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[Assistant] For me, this was really a video consumption experience, right?


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[Assistant] It was, uh, very passive for some people, right? The people who are not, like, interacting and trying to cook together and asking questions, they're just watching, much like maybe you would watch a cooking show at home on TV.


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[Assistant] Uh, but for those who were part of the live cooking class, it was very interactive. It was again, a one-time experience.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it was very much collaborative and synchronous.


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[Assistant] Yet our interfaces for viewing and working with video remain the same. The interface is the same no matter what I do. I could be watching a movie, or I could be trying to fix my sink.


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[Assistant] And this is really where I think we need to focus as an HCI community is to make using video easier. We really need to invent new ways to work with video.


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[Assistant] The good news is that the computer vision and audio communities have really made a lot of progress in helping us understand what's in video or helping machines understand what's in video. So machines now can see people and objects, they can understand what's happening, what motion, what scenes are, what geometry.


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[Assistant] You know, maybe one thing all videos should have in the 21st century is a table of contents, so that I don't have to do this crazies, you know.


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[Assistant] Another idea, maybe all videos should be translatable into documents. And so here you see some work, um, from Valentina Shin.


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[Assistant] That sounds, that sounds fantastic. And yes, I mean, control F, you can already do this actually in some ways. Searchable transcripts is already available. So on, on YouTube, I don't know if all of you know, but you can turn on transcripts and you can search. I mean, it's not available for everything, but for many videos it is. And you can just use command F in your, um,


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[Assistant] In your browser but it's not always enough. I think one thing that's interesting about search that I found myself is that


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[Assistant] Yes, if I'm looking for something very specific, like a word somebody is saying, it can be effective. But if I want to know what this video is about and the right section to go to,


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[Assistant] And I can't remember exactly what the comment was. I think it's, it is interesting to think about just what video will be or look like in a VR or AR environment.


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[Assistant] Let's take a look at a few examples. I think all of you are thinking of great ideas. I just want to show you four example systems that really rethink how we create and consume a video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I just want to say that these are four points in the space. Please don't think of this as an exhaustive list. There is a lot of fantastic work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, that, uh, I'm sure some of you working on this are here in the audience, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Too soon, I know, sorry. I shouldn't, uh, anyway, let's not think about that. Uhm, alright, I'm gonna go ahead and close this. So let's talk about Bscript.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Bscript, so this, uh, system, so, you know, on that slide with, with all the different cool things, um, happening in the, in the world, one of the things I pointed out was transcript. And so what Bscript does is it shows how we can use transcripts to make editing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Video easier and specifically it focuses on the role video editing. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but there's cutaways to, uh, some kind of effect. Uh, and this type of cutaway is what we call B-roll. And so the B-script system,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, assist users with this last part to find and insert b-roll that goes into making this video about this specific topic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a search panel for actual B-roll footage, which is integrated with the interface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So users can double click on a word in the transcript and then search for relevant B-roll footage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the keywords on the right show the actual query you could use to find relevant content. And so all you have to do as a user is click on that query and then you see a list of potential b-roll that you can add to your video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One thing before I show you the results, note that there is no like timeline, there is no in and out points. You're really just using the transcript as a way to decide where to add.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so kind of quick, this is like a quick overview of what vScript is, but you know, in this particular case, we see the transcript based interface is more efficient and as easy as a timeline based interface. And these recommendations around what kind of content and how to get good content are really, really helpful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so if we try to take the system and throw it into our framework that when we discussed earlier, you know, in B script, you are creating video. So it's really a creation task. However, you're consuming B roll footage as part of it, right? You can have to consume all these examples to figure out which wants to fit where and it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so uhm, what should we talk about next? Oriel, Mixty, or Restream? Michael, are you able to do the poll again?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, Bscript is an option, but I promise you we will not talk about it again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So far, so I just kind of shifting gears a little bit. In vScript, we talked a lot about creation, right? We're creating videos. This is really all about consumption. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what's interesting about live streams is that they, unlike tutorials, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Show an unedited process behind the creative work. So it's not really a step by step tutorial. You see everything. You see the mistakes, uh, the decisions, anything that happens along the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, which is nice because of course not all of us can be there at the same time as each other and especially when you have a, you know, uh, artists from all over the world streaming in their own time zones, it's not possible for each of us to catch up with the artists we love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, and while these videos are pretty amazing and they have this like wealth of knowledge, it's pretty challenging to browse them, right? You can imagine many of these are three, four hours long.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's just really hard to make sense of which parts to watch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so in this work, we really focused on this idea of how do we take these creative live stream archives? You know, these are videos that are quite long. How do we make it easier to watch and navigate them?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One way to do that is with a table of contents that divides the content into sections.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so as part of this work, we spoke with streamers and viewers about the value of having such a table of contents and found that for streamers,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and for viewers, it was really useful to see a table of contents as an overview and get a quick understanding of what happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, we also found that viewers of the same video really differed in what they wanted from a table of contents and that there was no right way for us to segment creative live streams. So some were really interested in specific techniques. Others really wanted to know kind of the overall experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the other part of this is that these streams don't often have as obvious of a structure as tutorials. And so it makes it harder to figure out what table of contents to create.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many different possible table of contents. Perhaps any table of content is better. Table of content is better than nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so uhm, to do this, we put together an approach and it's a user in the loop approach. So the system first automatically segments the live stream into sections and then the streamer uses this audit automatic segmentation and adds titles and adjusts any section. So sometimes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How does this work? We have a segmentation algorithm that takes, that can take advantage of, well,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then of course you have the chat, so you can take all this information and try to create a table of contents. In this particular work, uhm, we used only the narration and the software actions. In subsequent work, we've looked at how to take advantage of the visual information as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the algorithm essentially identifies candidate boundaries based on the software actions and the narration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Identifies intro and outro because they look quite different than the middles and then combines the remaining intervals into sections.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to determine what these sections should be, we use, uhm, uh, a scoring function that combines four heuristics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of them is around duration. We prioritized in this particular project that sections should be between 1 and 10 minutes long based on our conversations with streamers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, we found that certain tasks that use streamers use the same tools in certain tasks, so they group.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then last, we looked at the transcript semantics and looked for words like start, next, and done, and that's all, because those often also, uhm, indicate transitions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to evaluate the algorithms output with streamers, we built a prototype interface and had them actually use it and evaluate both the, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is an example of what it looks like after someone has labeled it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so some of the takeaways from Restream are that streamers really like the automatically created sections and the algorithm definitely performed better on some streams than others. Instructional streams where there is a linear structure and you go from one section to the next to the next are much easier to segment in a meaningful way than


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so if we look at the, um, how a restream fits into the framework, it is definitely a consumption interface. It is interactive. It's something that can use over and over or just one time, you know, it depends on your consumption. And then again, it's something that you use on your own. All right. So we have one last poll. Um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think between Oriole and Mixty, which system would you guys like to talk about next?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's kind of, before I jump into Mixty, to recap. So we had Bscript, which shows you how to use, or shows how we could use transcripts. Then we had Restream, which is really all about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are lots of benefits to static video, to static tutorials, and there are lots of benefits to videos. How might we combine these two videos?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How might we combine these two formats? Well, there are benefits to static and there are benefits to video. There are also drawbacks. And so what we were trying to do is kind of take the best of both worlds and come up with something in between.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and so the approach was really to take a system, a user demonstration system, uhm, is to make this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, of how this particular drawing is done. And there are different versions of the video. You can see the entire screencast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the system, the Mixty system was really trying to do this, uh, as automatically as possible, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so we showed that these mixed media tutorials are in fact better than video or static tutorials alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this details on demand approach really allows the users to quickly jump to the point of interest. Uhm, and so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, mixed tea was focused on consumption. It was interactive, interactive experience because you can scan and jump ahead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the work, in this, in this research, the goal was really to make it much easier to create videos like this one. So here we have Hans Rosling. He's talking about the relationship between lifespan and income. And to create this video, Hans Rosling really


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the goal of the Oreo project was to make this type of authoring much easier by allowing people to create mappings between the human pose and animated graphics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to create this experience, all one has to do is draw the graphics. So in this case, the umbrella.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to connect, ehm, to the skeleton representing the human pose or motion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And here is an interior decorator who's showing how to decorate a room and how to, I guess in this case, clean your windows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We saw four different systems. Hopefully the order was not too distracting for you and all kind of fits together in your brains. I think what's, what's interesting to look at is that there has been a lot of interesting research across the spectrum, both for consumption and for creation. Of course, a lot of is interactive, which


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is great, although you might want to ask, well, what would a different passive interface look like, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Much of it is focused on iterative experiences. I think that the thing that jumps out to me is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I haven't seen as much research in that space. I know there are these watching parties that are happening more and more. And so there's, but I think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and while this isn't, you know, the universal experience, I can tell you my experience. Uhm, this is my son. Uhm, he's seven. He's in second grade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He doesn't use any of the tools that I showed you in previous slides. He uses Zoom and Schoology and Seesaw. He talks to his class over video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He records videos of his artwork, uhm, he shares it with his teacher and his classmates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And until his, this spring, I mean, his teacher had never ever taught online, but now she has to. She doesn't have a choice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for large streams, very different problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Definitely different types of tools for these different types of streams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I guess I'm, I don't know that I understand the question exactly. Can you either say it again? I can try.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think this is in the context of, like, authoring. Is this in the context of, like, authoring interfaces? So if I'm authoring video lectures versus authoring, uhm, you know, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, eh, performance art, you know, maybe you'd have different types of tools. I guess my.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My, I don't, I still don't quite feel like I understand the question very well, but uhm, I guess I'll say on the creation side, uhm, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, ideally you have a task specific interface that then can adapt itself into something that's more general purpose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that, you know, if you wanted to do more things that are not just the task specific thing, you can move in that direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but there's of course challenge in doing any kind of adaptation. Uhm, I think there is a challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That maybe is what this question is about around like if I use one interface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's very different than yours than how can you learn from my experience using it, right? What we see a lot on YouTube today around learning content is that uhm, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Type of, of learning content on YouTube. And so if I teach you how to use Photoshop with my version of Photoshop, but your Photoshop looks totally different, then you can't really make use of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, of my video, right? So I do think that is one problem with having highly customized interfaces is that it becomes harder for others to teach each other. And so I think there we would need new, new tools that let you adapt, right? Like you I'd love to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and it is, and I'm, and you know, it's not gonna be the only method. And I really hope that video in 10 years is really different than video today, right? I mean,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, there are, you said Michael, like over 100 people here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And those of you who have been on video all day are probably exhausted and like can't wait to turn this off, right? So, so absolutely there are, um, huge, huge, um, interesting questions and opportunities. As I said,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, because people are on different schedules and so we can't actually get even at this, you know, in the same video room. Uh, it's just not possible. So I agree with you. There's lots of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Opportunity for interesting new modalities. And video I think will be a part of it, for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yorko did not realize that he had already forgotten about the bacon and had been all ears as Annie continued with the story. They helped Hiro out of the cell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With their help, heroes successfully escape the search from the church.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the war, the survived judgment warriors even provided her with food and clothes for a period of time, until their army returned to Hermes and they had to bid farewell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before they departed, all the judgment warriors who had been imprisoned in that cell expressed their gratitude to her. Yorko knitted his brows. But regarding the title hero, could it be? She's a hero. The whip was in Annie's voice again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No matter how the citizens who received her treatment look at her, she did save thousands of people in Wolfheart City, including me and Amy. She deserved such a title. The ambassador let out a sigh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had not known that witches suffered far more than he had imagined.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If he were unfairly treated in that way, he would view everyone as his enemy and kill all of them to avenge himself, and certainly would not trust anybody.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the eyes rested on Yoruko in a second, including heroes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She could be no more than 18 or 19 years old by her look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although misfortunes had weighed down upon her, she had not been devastated by all the snares and toils she had been through during the war.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her eyes were still full of hope instead of numbness and confusion. Ahem, I'm not sure. Yorko rubbed his nose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He'll once said there are over 300 witches in Grey Castle. Their power of the devil. No, I mean their abilities should vary, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not only does he allow witches in his domain to live a normal life, but he also insists on the innocence of witches and advertises this concept throughout Great Castle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gradually, more witches turn to him for protection and work for him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yorko took this opportunity to lavish praise on Roland. So you don't need to worry about your future life at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His majesty claims that everyone in Neverwinter will be suited to a job, including witches. What kind of jobs? Amy's eyes were glistening. How should I know? I haven't been to Neverwinter, Yorko thought to himself. Uhm, naturally, it depends on your ability.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, if you can manipulate flames, you can be a blacksmith.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you can conjure whirlwinds, you can work at a mill to activate windmills. Something like that. You're co-rambled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anyway, his majesty is planning to build a new king's city in the western region, and he certainly needs people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Wolfheart City fell, I happened to live at Amy's place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I noticed the curious behavior of the Judgment Army soldiers, so I followed them and discovered Hero. Annie answered while fiddling with the bonfire. We met Broken Sword several months later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was caught by church believers who garrisoned there and was to be sent to Holy City.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I ambushed the unit who escorted her and thus saved Broken Sword. You alone?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I'm fully prepared, it actually isn't any harder to raid a group of soldiers than a pack of animals. Annie said placidly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After that ambush, however, the church intensified their searching operation by several times, and we had nowhere to hide. So we joined refugees and left Wolfheart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's far from the end, Yorko thought. Although the hunt by the Kingdom of Dawn isn't as nerve-racking as the one by the Church, the number of the armies running after them is more than enough to kill them all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yurko hoped that all Hill's concerns were just groundless fears, otherwise Appamoya would never set them free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As long as they were still within the territory of the Kingdom of Dawn, they were not considered to be safe. He shook his head to put these annoying thoughts behind. Let's finish the dinner and sleep soon. We have a long journey ahead of us tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surprisingly, they did not encounter any obstructions in the next few days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They took the route planned out by the magician and managed to avoid entering any cities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead, they exclusively picked paths in the rural area.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Five days later, they reached Wind Ridge of the Kingdom of Dawn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another day of traveling towards south would bring them to the north of the Grey Castle. Yorko felt a little relieved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He did not like the feeling of being alert all the time, for even the slightest sound at night would wake him up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In comparison, number 76 was more self-collected. She took good care of both witches and Yoruko.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Within a few days, number 76 had totally blended in with these witches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was, in particular, close to Amy, the most naive one, who had almost viewed number 76 as her fourth sister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yorko leaned against the soft cushion while looking at the endless winding mountains and yellow fields outside the window. He started to hummin' voluntarily.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had failed to fulfill his duties as an ambassador, but instead he brought his old friend four witches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If Hill was right, how many rewards would his majesty bestow him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He quickly poked his head out of the window but did not find anything unusual. There are nights seven or eight miles away from us. You can't see them from here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The magician spurred his horse into a small trot in order to keep up with the coach. They don't march very fast, but were even slower.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If things go on like this, they'll sooner or later catch up and spot us. Are you sure there are enemies? No. I took a glimpse from a distance, but I can't take the chance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are around 20 to 30 people, all fully armored. They don't have any extra relaying horses. It's probable that they tracked us through our hoof prints. Then what should we do? Yorko instantly panicked out. We must get off the carriage and walk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a wood close by where horses can't go through, which can impede the procession of the knights. The magician replied in a low voice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this will only bring down their speed to the same level of ours. Once we're caught up, all of us will be doomed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we want to successfully get rid of them, one person has to lead the fleet to move on and divert them to the main road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He paused for a second and went on. In other words, somebody has to make a sacrifice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The carriages had stopped and all lined up along the side of the road while the Kham brothers were busy tying them together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This way, it was possible for one person to drive all the vehicles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After an intense argument, Annie had finally convinced the witches, taking them to follow Clown, plunging into the forest. Now, it was the remaining people and Yorko's turn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rockhill carried a bag of food and walked past him, saying, My lord, we must leave now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the enemies notice us, then all of our previous efforts will be wasted. Wait a minute. I wanna talk with her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As did Rockhill and Annie, but as the leader of the group, Yorko eventually selected number 76 to stay behind to cover their retreat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I went through five years of combat training at the Black Money. I'm a fast runner, too, so don't worry about me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number 70 S-I-X-S words were simple, as simple as an ordinary farewell. Isn't there a village nearby?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I drive the carriages to the village and sneak into the crowd, they won't be able to find me at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After this crisis, I'll join you guys again, right at the border city of the Kingdom of Grey Castle. Please remember to wait for me there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, the magician was quietly whispering to him that the village was more than ten miles away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Given the distance, it would be impossible for anyone to make it there before the knights arrived. And after taking the time to tie the carriages together, their chances became even slimmer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If our pursuers haven't been ordered by the King of Dawn to capture witches, there isn't a need for concern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, if what the magician had predicted happened to be true,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yorko had a sinking suspicion that if the carriages happened to be stopped by the nightage from the King's City of Dawn, he would be the sole survivor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Appinmoyo would likely ask Roland for a ransom, and he might ridicule and make him a laughing stock among the nobility.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, he would not hastily send him to the guillotine. Unfortunately, anyone else that got caught would end up being executed without remorse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He thought, perhaps, he should be the one to stay behind to attract the attention of their pursuers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't let them catch me and mock me because that would be the same as humiliating the king of Grey Castle. Yoruko comforted himself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yorko walked over to number 7-6, and just as he was about to say something, she spoke first. My lord, this is my decision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This has nothing to do with the black money, even though Silver Mask always instructs us to be ready to sacrifice ourselves for it. However, I don't like it at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought I would be living underground for my entire life to adulate those customers until I grew old and became the new Silver Mask.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or, sent off to become a handyman also to never to see the sun again. Fortunately, you brought me out of that place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You made it so I could feel the vastness of the outside world and I have no regrets now. Please hurry into the forest. You're running out of time. But...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you hadn't said anything, I would have been beaten to death in that underground limestone cave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My life belongs to you, and I may survive this crisis. If I do, let's meet in the Kingdom of Grey Castle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Kam brothers were behind Yoruko urging him, My lord, we have to go now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yurko believed this, but he still felt an indescribable uneasiness in his heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before he entered the forest he turned one last time to look back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The carriages had begun to move slowly driven by number 76.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She didn't linger and she didn't wave to bid farewell. She acted as if this were a common departure. Just like the way she volunteered. Soon, the shade from the forest blocked his view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number 76 did not drive the carriages all the way to the village.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After traveling for about 300 feet, she reigned in her horse and stopped the carriages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She wouldn't be able to see the entrance of the forest anymore if she walked further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She jumped off her horse and sat on the back of the last carriage, quietly waiting for the arrival of their pursuers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She had been waiting for quite some time. However, it felt as if only a moment had passed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Waiting was a habit she had developed over her very long life, so she had become accustomed to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They didn't wear an emblem or ribbon as the knightage of the king's city did, but based on their exquisite armor and high horses, they were from some big city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number 76 tactfully counted the number of nights.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There were 35 of them, half of which were squires whose equipment and actions seemed to be more refined than the knights from a small town or village.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The leader of the Knights frowned when he saw the carriages waiting on the side of the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It looks like our ambassador of Grey Castle sent out scouts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lugan smiled scornfully. Karo, Jester, you two go back and check for footprints on both sides of the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since they've abandoned their carriages and fled, they must have left some trace. Logan's words conveyed his intent. Sir, what about the woman? Cut off her hands and feet then interrogate her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unfortunately, since she dared to stay behind, you probably won't get any information from her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number 76 stood up as she said. There's no need for an interrogation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A knight drew his sword with one hand and stretched out his other to try and grab her arm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Apparently, the knights were not going to spare her life, even if she told them what they wanted to know. But, you guys won't get the chance to see the witches again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With her impressive speed, number 76 lifted her hand and clutched the wrist of the closest knight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She pulled his arm, sending him up into the air, flying involuntarily toward her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She took this chance to slip his head under her armpit, getting him into a headlock. She used her shoulder and squeezed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His armor made an unpleasant rattling noise, and then with a snap, his helmet was dislodged, leaving a fist-sized gap in his armor near his throat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The night cramped violently, mouth gaping like a fish that had just been pulled from a river. Let go of Charlie. God damn it. Kill her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other knights all pulled out their swords and thrust them towards number 76.