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[Assistant] And there, deep down in that dreadful cauldron of swirling water and seething foam,


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[Assistant] Will lie for all time the most dangerous criminal


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[Assistant] And the foremost champion of the lore of their generation. The Swiss youth was never found again.


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[Assistant] And there can be no doubt that he was one of the numerous agents who Moriarty kept in his employ.


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[Assistant] As to the gang, it will be within the memory of the public how completely the evidence which Holmes had accumulated exposed their organisation.


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[Assistant] And how heavily the hand of the dead man weighed upon them. Of their terrible chief, few details came out during the proceedings.


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[Assistant] And if I have now been compelled to make a clear statement of his career, it is due to those injudicious champions


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[Assistant] Who have endeavoured to clear his memory by attacks upon him, whom I shall ever regard as the best and the wisest man whom I have ever known.


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[Assistant] That is the end of The Adventure of the Final Problem from The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.


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[Assistant] We are going to particularly care about those relations on a set that have all three properties, that they are reflexive, they are symmetric, and they are transitive. This is going to be a very important consideration for us, and when we have all three properties, we're going to call it an equivalence relation.


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[Assistant] I'm gonna give two examples of equivalent relations that you've seen before.


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[Assistant] For example, if I just have integers, I want to see whether or not they satisfy these properties. Well, something like 3 is always equal to 3. So that equality, which is a way, if you will, of relating numbers on the left with numbers on the right,


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[Assistant] And then it's also symmetric in a really trivial way. If you're like three is equal to three and I reorder them, then three is equal to three the other way around. It's clearly symmetric.


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[Assistant] Suppose I have some expression like how about 10 mod 3.


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[Assistant] Doing the reflexive point is pretty trivial here, we're just gonna be saying that this is exactly the same thing as 10 modulo 3, which is also equal to 1, of course it is, so indeed it's reflective, the x is related to the x.


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[Assistant] Well, that's a little bit less interesting. Now let's go and look at the symmetric property. If I look at 10,


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[Assistant] Modulo 3. Well, I can also say, I know this number is 1, but there's other numbers that are equal to 1 as well. How about 7 modulo 3?


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[Assistant] But then, if I flip this around and try to write 7 mod 3, well, that is also equal to 10 mod 3. Indeed, these are both just equal to 1 and 1 is equal.


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[Assistant] So we have this symmetric property for modular arithmetic. If you have two mod things that are equal, and you flip their order around, they're still gonna be equal.


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[Assistant] Which is just yet one more example of something which is equal to 1 that has a remainder of 1. 13 is gonna be 4 times 3 plus a remainder of 1.


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[Assistant] Well, if you have that 10 mod 3 equals 7 mod 3, and you have that 7 mod 3 equals 13 mod 3, which you have both of those,


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[Assistant] Now, I haven't really formally proven it, I just did a quick example with some numbers, but I think it's enough to illustrate the idea that normal inequality of numbers and this modular arithmetic are two examples of equivalence relations.


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[Assistant] Took this medication called meclizine, which helped prevent.


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[Assistant] Yes. It helped prevent the vertigo, which I sometimes get. I was worried I was getting about a vertigo, which I seem to get once every year and I haven't gotten it in a while. So I took that preventatively and that just wiped me out. So I slept for three hours, then I was up for a couple hours, went back to sleep for another three hours, then slept nine hours overnight, slept nine hours again last night.


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[Assistant] You know, I think this is a fascinating matchup. Tyvis and I were talking about this before the show. The Jets have a very interesting offense. The quarterback stinks, although Joe Flacco wasn't.


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[Assistant] Because I think they actually have a lot of really nice skill position players, but they have no stars. Like you look at the Panthers, they had McCaffrey a star, DJ Moore a star, I know you guys like Robbie Anderson more than I do, I think he's okay, and then they have nothing really else at skill position. The Jets are different, they have no stars on offense, at least not yet.


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[Assistant] This is a lot of young players, but they've got much more depth than Carolina in terms of quality skill position players. They've got three or four good solid receivers. They've got two really nice young running backs, and they've got two decent tight ends, but none of them are stars, and the Browns have stars at the key positions to deal with them, and ultimately the biggest difference is,


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[Assistant] The Jets O line is going to get destroyed by the Browns defensive line. And so, I think they're skill position players, so again, I think they're a little underrated. Pretty good for the Jets.


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[Assistant] We'll not be able to take advantage of it because they won't have time. To that point.


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[Assistant] I still think, before you guys jump in, I still think we gotta realize, A, in the NFL most games are close, right? There's not a ton of blowouts in the NFL. It's not like college where like when Ohio State plays Toledo, there's a huge difference in talent. That's not the case in the NFL.


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[Assistant] Coby Percett's not that good a quarterback. So the Browns probably won't score a ton of points in any of these games. So I'm not expecting, you know, like to expect an easy win. I just don't think any of these are going to be easy.


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[Assistant] And by the way guys, uhm, speaking of the defense, Tyvis before the show, is he doing this during the show, this breakdown? Yea, no, he's gonna do it.


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[Assistant] Right, right, right. It was, yeaah. But it's unfortunate they can't cause Clay Matthews really had probably over a hundred sacks. There were a lot of guys. Deacon Jones, I think he has.


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[Assistant] It was nuts. But still, I think Miles Garrett is going to break it because I think he'll get another two this week.


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[Assistant] Let's say they're going 10 yards. Does John Johnson have to say...


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[Assistant] To, uh, who was the corner on that outside of Gnu? Oh, Gnu. Does he say to him, hey, it's, you know, 35 yard line? Does somebody scream out the specific yard line? No.


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[Assistant] Your body, it's like, uh, what's the word I'm looking for? You do it all the time. What's the word? Repetition. Muscle memory. Right? Muscle memory. You just do it. But anyway, go ahead.


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[Assistant] You must be, you must really appreciate a guy like Nick Chubb. This guy never goes down in the first tackle, ever. And he always falls forward. Always.


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[Assistant] I think every, I think all 53 should be allowed to play. And if one team has some injured guys and bring up guys from the practice squad, it seems dumb. It is such a brutal sport. Like why not let all 53 be out eligible?


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[Assistant] And Leroy, to that point, to that point, to that point. Obviously you're playing the Jets this week. The big talk in the offseason was the Browns wide receivers, right? There was a lot of concern about the wide receivers. Amari Cooper was open a number of times. Uh, Jacoby couldn't get him the ball. Donovan Peoples Jones I thought had a nice game. Schwartz had that early drop.


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[Assistant] But he made a big catch on that final drive, heading into the second game against the Jets defense that didn't play well. We don't expect it to be good. I know we want to be run first, I'm with you, especially with, I know you say quarterback doesn't matter, I'm definitely with you with Jacoby, 100%. I get what you're saying, that's their personality, yes. But, Jacoby's gotta hit those guys when they're open, right?


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[Assistant] We gotta make you a two back interview right here. Speaking of two back. Robert Smith, come on in man.


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[Assistant] Let me just grab it for a second. When you, when Cade York goes to, to switch the head to the last, last week game, when Cade York goes to kick that field goal with the whole history of the Browns in week one, were you thinking he was going to miss that kick?


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[Assistant] Glad those rest waited a week. I thought the pass, I thought the roughing the passer earlier in the game on the Browns was a worse call. That was. I thought so too.


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[Assistant] And I don't, I, I didn't, you know, I didn't grow, I, I'm not a lover of college football. I watch it because my job. And so I watched them when the Buckeyes play games that matter. I've gotten into it.


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[Assistant] Where I grew up, nobody cared about college football where I grew up, grew up. So I didn't, so I, when these teams, when Ohio State plays a team like Toledo or a team where they're a 40 point favorite, to me, it's not worth watching. I'd rather watch another game or frankly do something else. And people got so mad at me as if I was saying college football was the worst sport on the planet.


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[Assistant] I just don't want to watch blowouts. Like in the NFL, we almost never get a blowout. They're very rare, right?


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[Assistant] There's never a game in the NFL, even the most lopsided spreads, where you say the bad, the worst team can't beat the better team. Never. In college, even though we get these upsets once in a while. Appalachian State, marshal over Notre Dame. I know, but that marshal over Notre Dame is not good.


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[Assistant] Even in 2013, he was never a quarterback that scared anybody.


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[Assistant] What order are we going in? Whatever you want. True. I'm gonna say true as well.


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[Assistant] This Amy, this Abby Mueller, I think is her name. She is getting on, like she had this thing on social media with Richard Jefferson. She, I, I, I don't know, what, what is her story? Is she trying to be the next, uh, what's that woman that does all the videos with the football teams?


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[Assistant] I don't really care what he says, honestly. The only thing, like, I guess you want to feel like he wants to be here. We have an inferiority complex in Cleveland.


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[Assistant] Right, like more than anywhere else. And it's like, people in this area have more pride in their home area than anywhere else I've ever been, and I love it. But we do, in the same vein, we have an inferiority complex, and we always think players want to go somewhere else. And so I guess, if he says he really wants to be here,


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[Assistant] But maybe I'm kidding myself, G, but I feel like these guys, it's a very unselfish team. And I think Darius realizes when he, when they went to those playing games, he was like, I needed somebody else that could score. And this guy could score. And I think,


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[Assistant] Well, eh, I thought, you know, Kirk, like, the Guardians need some other guys in their bullpen to step up, like, Eli Morgan pitched a good inning the other day, and Kirk McCarty has been an an- I mean, he just came up somewhat recently, and hasn't been all that good, but he gave them some big innings, cause,


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[Assistant] Let's face it, the, the, the Guardian's bullpen is being overtaxed right now. Uh, their best guys have pitched too much. Klaus A and Karen Cech, I'm not pitching either of them today. No chance I'm pitching Klaus A today. I don't care what the score is.


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[Assistant] But he cannot pitch today, they need a break, and they need guys like McCarty, like Eniel De Los Santos, like Eli Morgan, who was great in the first half, to step up and give him some good innings, cause let's face it, right now you've got three real starters. That's it.


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[Assistant] You call up this kid today. It's enough in the playoffs, but it affects your bullpen leading up to the playoffs. And so, because Pilkington's not going deep, Morgan's not going deep, uh, uh, Morris is not going deep, and they call up a kid today to be


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[Assistant] Everybody was panicking a week ago, nobody sitting, nobody sitting. What'd I say? It's been up and down all year and what now they've won what? Seven of eight, five in a row, seven of eight. They've gotten at least four runs in six of the eight games. When they score four runs, they're going to win almost all the time. That home run Oscar Gonzalez hit last night. And he has had a really nice season.


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[Assistant] I feel like, I feel good. Thinking for a second about next season, I got six guys in the lineup I'm happy with.


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[Assistant] I got three pitchers in the rotation I'm happy with. I'm good with the bullpen. They got to spend to get upgrades in at least two of their three lineup spots that are zeros or close to zeros. They need another starting pitcher. I don't think it's Spino their best prospect. I don't think he's going to be ready to go beginning of next year, but that's where they got to focus. To show you the steps they've taken.


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[Assistant] I had two. I had three, but one of them was Framiel Reyes. I had two.


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[Assistant] Doesn't matter. He's been great. Rosario's really good. I trust Naylor to be a starter. I, I, you know, uh, and I trust Gonzales. Now Gonzales has got to prove it in Quantu for more than one year. We've seen guys have a good rookie season and then go backwards.


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[Assistant] But going into the season, I feel good about six, going into next year, I feel good about six spots in the lineup. And I haven't felt that way in a while.


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[Assistant] But I think they're going to the playoffs. I feel really good about where they're at right now. Once you're in the playoffs, listen, they've struggled against a lot of the top teams and you're going to end up.


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[Assistant] They do. I'm comfortable with him as my third guy. I still gotta find a fourth starter. I don't want guys going on short rest. Ideally, that's not good. I think Bieber with his injury history, McKenzie with his body and his mechanics. I don't think three days rest is great, but I do like where they're at and you figure it out with the fourth starter, but let's get to the playoffs first.


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[Assistant] And then Blue Jays, Blue Jays Mariners and Rays are the three wild cards. What are the options?


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[Assistant] Don't put up the picture yet until I tell ya. Well we gotta pull it up, just give us a sec, we got you. Okay, don't, I'll tell ya, now, as you folks know,


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[Assistant] They've had three spots for the most part that have been zeros.


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[Assistant] And two of those three I've talked about a lot, Austin Hedges. Now in the last month or two I've been like, okay, I can live with Austin Hedges because


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[Assistant] His controlling of the pitching staff is so important. Now I think next year, you've got to find a better option at catcher. You want to keep either Hedges or Malley's backup fine. Uh, probably Malley because Hedges is making too much money at this point. So, but they got to upgrade their position. And another position they have to upgrade.


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[Assistant] Is center field, and that's Miles Straw. Now, I've crushed Miles Straw a million times. They, I did, I usually like everything the Guardian's front office does. I very rarely criticize the Guardian's front office. Almost never. But I didn't love the Miles Straw signing. Now, I, cause I was never, I always thought he was a fourth outfielder.


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[Assistant] Yeah, and, well, for a couple days, yes. But overall, in the course of a season, I don't think he's ever consistently be good. However, let's take this tag board. Can we, can we have it now?


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[Assistant] So this is my transactions from my fantasy baseball team. It's a little hard to see. My team name is Free Agent. That's the name of my team, Free Agent. Uh, Jay, can you see what move my team made? The last transaction on that board. Can you read it?


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[Assistant] So I have no chance for the top two. Those guys are way ahead. But I'm battling two other guys for the third spot. Okay. So I'm in the money, but I want the good money.


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[Assistant] And here's the thing, so now it's to the point where in fantasy baseball it's all about categories.


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[Assistant] Right? And I'm in an interesting battle for stolen bases.


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[Assistant] Mother, Helen wouldn't have any reason for refusing to give it to you.


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[Assistant] Building up her hopes, making her think there's some miracle in store for her. It's up to her, not you. What you're doing is cruel and foolish.


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[Assistant] You dramatize everything, Blanche. We've been very happy, at least I have.


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[Assistant] Just that I think you're uncomfortable because of your, uh, past relationship with my brother.


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[Assistant] I'll miss you. A house like this needs charm.


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[Assistant] And if Frankfurt has lots of immigrants, you say no, they're not German.


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[Assistant] After we decided we would come here, we wound up on the front porch looking in. We were waiting for the other group that was currently in here to leave.


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[Assistant] As we looked in, we could just see this ominous shadow.


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[Assistant] Very large, waiting inside the dining room.


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[Assistant] And when we got to the parlor, we heard what sounded like footsteps coming from the basement, one by one, very methodically.


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[Assistant] And as it started to come closer to us, all the sound dropped out of the room. As that shadow started moving progressively forward,


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[Assistant] Took us five minutes and she came crying, busting on the door, wanting out. Something had grabbed her from the top of her spine and she said it felt like three fingers, sharp fingers, cold but hot, moving from the base of her spine down to her lower back.


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[Assistant] When we came through our group, we met here, there was probably a group of six or seven of us. I can't quite remember. It's been a few years ago.


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[Assistant] Well, we came up to the second floor. We were actually around Rachel's room and Jesse's room. And we heard a man talking downstairs.


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[Assistant] Everyone in our group was here with us, so what we ended up doing was going downstairs to see if somebody else had come to join us. As we went downstairs, there was no one to be found.


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[Assistant] But we did start hearing a voice from the second floor where we had just been. As we came upstairs, once again, there was nobody there.


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[Assistant] For me, a lot of the experiences that I've had in this house have been generally


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[Assistant] One of the things people ask all the time is why are ghosts with us? And how come some people are ghosts and some people are not? And I think that is as complicated a question as


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[Assistant] Humanity is complicated. I think, uhm, we are all how we are and we all have different belief systems and different personalities. Uhm, and I think that those belief systems and personalities


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[Assistant] Lasts beyond our physical life. I don't think anything changes when we die except that we lose our physical body. And we find a lot of these people still hanging around after death. And I think that's because their beliefs.


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[Assistant] Carry through and they're maybe afraid to go on and see what's waiting for them.


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[Assistant] One of the things that I have found many times doing investigations of private houses


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[Assistant] Uh, is where a child has passed away or a baby has passed away and they're still experiencing that child or that infant in the house hearing the cry or hearing their voice or seeing them. Even visitors to the house seeing a child in the house.


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[Assistant] When you think children and infants, this is all they know. This is their whole universe. They don't even know about


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[Assistant] Religion or the afterlife or anything like this, uhm, so this is a very small world that they live in and I think a lot of times it's up to us to help them move on to the next place because they don't have the experience, uh, to even be aware of that.


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[Assistant] I think it's extremely possible for, for us to see things that have happened and experience things that have happened many, many years after the fact. And I think that depends, our ability to do that I think depends on the strength of


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[Assistant] The emotion that the person who suffered and died went through and I think it also has a lot to do with the sudden nature of a lot of these deaths.


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[Assistant] People have had life-changing experiences at places that are known to be haunted or not known to be haunted. And just because you don't happen to be there at the right time, uhm, even after several times, doesn't mean that there's not something inherently important about that place, uhm, that's affected other people, you know, which other people have experienced.


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[Assistant] These are all energies. You know, even if you don't believe in anything, you know, it's still energy, uhm, that's all around us. And it's, it's there, it's interacting with us, and it's going to affect you.


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[Assistant] This 22-point scale attempts to determine who are the most evil.


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[Assistant] Cult leaders are driven by narcissism. They want to control others.


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[Assistant] Shoko Asahara convinced some of Japan's best and brightest to commit mass murder.


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[Assistant] Four Los Angeles cult members brutally murdered seven people. They were disciples of Charles Manson.


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[Assistant] It distinguishes between killers whose minds are overtaken by madness and those who are in control of their actions.


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[Assistant] Lethal sarin gas was released into the subway system.


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[Assistant] The perpetrators were not common criminals. They were doctors, lawyers, scientists.


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[Assistant] All were members of the doomsday cult Arm Shinri Kyo, a faith preaching Armageddon.


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[Assistant] How did Asahara compel well-educated people to commit such an evil act?


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[Assistant] Born into a poor family in March 1955, Asahara was given the name Chizuo Matsumoto. His father was a craftsman.


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[Assistant] After Chizuo lost most of his eyesight to infantile glaucoma, his family sent him away to a school for the blind.


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[Assistant] Because he had somewhat more sight than his more severely disabled classmates, he was able to bully them.


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[Assistant] The boy loved to read science fiction, and claimed he would one day rule a robot kingdom.


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[Assistant] After school he applied to a prestigious Tokyo University, but was rejected.


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[Assistant] While Matsumoto's academic career had come to a close, he would soon flourish as the leader of a religious cult that included highly trained scientists.


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[Assistant] Some of whom set about developing weapons of mass destruction.


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[Assistant] Chizuo Matsumoto lost most of his eyesight at an early age and spent much of his childhood at a school for the blind in Japan.


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[Assistant] There he developed the ability to both bully and lead his peers.


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[Assistant] But when he finished secondary school in 1977, he was not admitted to university. He began practicing acupuncture and teaching yoga.


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[Assistant] Matsumoto discovered the writings of Nostradamus, the 16th century French astrologer who foretold the end of the world.


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[Assistant] In one, he claimed to have been called to become a god of light, and directed to create an army to bring about Armageddon.


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[Assistant] Matsumoto believed that he would survive the apocalypse and emerge as ruler of the world.


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[Assistant] In 1987, he changed his name to Shoko Asahara.


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[Assistant] He targeted intelligent but lost souls, among them scientists and engineers, who were seeking meaning in their lives.


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[Assistant] He told them that if they followed him, they would find a path to salvation in a new world.


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[Assistant] Its purpose? To align their brainwaves with Asahara's in order to better understand his thoughts.


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[Assistant] He also ordered cult members to wear masks of his likeness, and while wearing them, to demonstrate devotion.


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[Assistant] But Asahara's ultimate goal was the creation of a new world by bringing about Armageddon.


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[Assistant] His scientist followers were directed to develop weapons of mass destruction.


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[Assistant] They set up a factory to produce the deadly nerve gas, sarin.


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[Assistant] The Doomsday Cult was preparing for a massive attack.


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[Assistant] The March 20th attack killed 12 and wounded a thousand.


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[Assistant] Asahara expressed disappointment about the low death toll.


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[Assistant] Asahara was sentenced to death and awaits execution.


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[Assistant] Like Asahara, many cult leaders claim a direct line of communication with God or a deity.


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[Assistant] Laurentian University neuroanatomist Michael Persinger believes he has found an explanation for this phenomenon.


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[Assistant] Persinger believes that when the brain's temporal lobe, the region responsible for comprehension, is overstimulated by electromagnetic activity, cerebral seizures can develop that may lead to delusions.


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[Assistant] These delusions can cause individuals to believe that they've had an encounter with a divine being or beings.


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[Assistant] Another delusional cult leader, Adolfo Constanzo, claimed that the voices of gods urged him to sacrifice humans.


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[Assistant] Other bodies showed signs of torture. Many had been decapitated.


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[Assistant] Nearby police found a shed filled with evidence of black magic and human sacrifice.


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[Assistant] Inside, Mark Kilroy's brain was found stewing in a cauldron called an ungunga.


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[Assistant] The owner of the shed was cult leader Adolfo Constanzo, a voodoo practicing drug dealer.


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[Assistant] His cult members believed he possessed supernatural powers. They helped him commit cold-blooded murder.


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[Assistant] Adolfo Constanzo was born in Miami in 1962. His Cuban mother was a priestess of the African religion, Palo Mayombe.


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[Assistant] She believed that Constanza was a chosen one, destined for greatness in the world of evil, and she groomed him for this future.


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[Assistant] As a child, Constanza was taught to torture and kill animals. He was praised for exhibiting no remorse.


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[Assistant] At the age of 21, Constanzo took possession of an unganga, which was filled with a brew made from sacrificed animals.


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[Assistant] In 1984, Constanzo set up shop as a Palo Mayombe priest in Mexico City.


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[Assistant] He quickly gained a following by performing ritualistic cleansings and telling fortunes.


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[Assistant] He became a trusted advisor to wealthy drug kingpins, advising them when it was safe to move their product.


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[Assistant] They were unaware that Constanza was secretly bribing the police for this information.


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[Assistant] The drug dealer's profits were increasing, and Constanzo was perceived to have supernatural powers.


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[Assistant] Some became students of his black magic religion and demonstrated their devotion by obeying his every command. Even turning over partial control of their drug cartels.


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[Assistant] Constanzo grew rich and powerful and quickly became more than a priest for hire.


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[Assistant] He led his devoted followers into the world of human sacrifice.


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[Assistant] In 1988, the cult leader moved his operations to a remote ranch near the Texas border.


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[Assistant] He built a temple in a small shed and ordered his followers to bring him victims for sadistic human sacrifice rituals.


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[Assistant] Over the course of two years, Constanzo and his cult members slaughtered thirteen people in the little shed.


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[Assistant] They targeted the poor and petty criminals whose disappearances went largely unnoticed.


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[Assistant] When police found his body on Constanzo's ranch, they also uncovered details of the twisted cult.


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[Assistant] Police cornered Constanzo in Mexico City, but a member of him killed him before he could be arrested.


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[Assistant] Cult leaders like Adolfo Constanzo possess highly inflated egos. They recruit followers who worship them as gods.


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[Assistant] Is this narcissism linked to their violence?


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[Assistant] Dr. Brad Bushman, a senior research professor at the University of Michigan, studies the causes and consequences of human aggression.


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[Assistant] To test his theory, Bushman conducted an experiment to find out how narcissists react when they are insulted.


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[Assistant] They were told that their essays would be marked by someone they could not see.


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[Assistant] In fact, there was no other person. The essays were assigned a grade.


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[Assistant] To explore how narcissists reacted to a failing mark compared to how a control group reacted, Bushmen afforded all those participants who received poor marks the opportunity to confront the person they believed had scored their exam.


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[Assistant] The link between narcissism and aggression is especially evident in the man who might be the most infamous cult leader in history.


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[Assistant] And included film actress Sharon Tate, who was eight months pregnant with director husband Roman Polanski's child.


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[Assistant] Three months after the gruesome killings, investigators linked the murders to several young hippies living on an old film location, a ranch north of LA.


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[Assistant] A self-proclaimed messiah named Charles Manson.


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[Assistant] How could this short career criminal have had the power to turn middle class kids into savage killers?


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[Assistant] Charles Manson was born to a troubled 16 year old runaway who did not want a child. He never knew his biological father.


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[Assistant] During his childhood, Manson's mother often disappeared for days or weeks at a time. Once, she traded him for a pitcher of beer. His uncle tracked him down days later.


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[Assistant] He was small in stature and overcompensated by bullying others.


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[Assistant] When he was 13 years old, he ran away from the reform school. His mother promptly sent him back.


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[Assistant] Manson continued escaping from reform schools and began committing increasingly violent crimes. Car theft. Armed robbery. Rape.


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[Assistant] He urged his girlfriends to prostitute themselves and acted as their pimp. He scammed other women out of money.


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[Assistant] In 1960, at the age of 25, Charles Manson was sentenced to 10 years in prison for violating his parole conditions.


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[Assistant] Having spent most of his life locked up, Manson felt rejected by the world.


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[Assistant] He schemed to retaliate by creating his own society where he would be loved as a leader.


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[Assistant] Released from jail three years early in 1967, Manson moved to San Francisco where he easily melded into the hippie scene.


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[Assistant] Manson fed them LSD and asked them to give up all their thoughts to follow him into a greater life.


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[Assistant] Sometimes, he had them mimic his actions to prove their loyalty. One such follower was Catherine Sher.


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[Assistant] Cher met Manson in the summer of 1968, when she was a 25 year old hippie living in Los Angeles.


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[Assistant] That same year a group of men and women accompanied Manson to an abandoned film set outside Los Angeles.


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[Assistant] Manson preached that Armageddon was coming and that his followers must be loyal to him or they would not survive. They believed him.


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[Assistant] When mind control didn't work, Manson used the threat of violence.


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[Assistant] Catherine, known in the family as Gypsy, was called to meet with Manson and another follower, who was called Clem.


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[Assistant] In August of 1969, Manson proved his power as a cult leader.


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[Assistant] He gave four of his followers knives and sent them into the homes of strangers to exhibit their loyalty.


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[Assistant] He told them, if you're going to do something, leave something witchy. They took that to mean bloody slaughter.


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[Assistant] Catherine Sher is convinced that her fellow cult members were so deeply under Manson's spell that they weren't responsible for their actions.


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[Assistant] America was bewildered by the young women who worshipped this small, crazy-eyed criminal.


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[Assistant] She demonstrated her loyalty with bizarre acts of devotion.


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[Assistant] It took years for Catherine Sher to break out of Manson's control, but now at the age of 64, she no longer calls him her leader.


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[Assistant] California abolished the death penalty in 1972, and the Manson family sentences were commuted to life in prison.


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[Assistant] Charles Manson, now in his sev- still manages to attract the desperate and naive. And he even remains an icon for some.


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[Assistant] 909 American citizens lay dead in the rainforest. They had been members of the People's Temple, a San Francisco-based church.


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[Assistant] Their leader had been Jim Jones. A Christian minister turned political firebrand.


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[Assistant] Dr. Stone spoke with Tim Carter, one of only four cult members who left Jonestown alive.


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[Assistant] Carter maintains what took place on that dark day was more murder.


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[Assistant] Carter attempted to outwit Jones and save his family, including his wife and 15-month-old son Malcolm. But he was too late.


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[Assistant] Carter's wife died in his arms, holding their dead child.


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[Assistant] His legacy, Jomestown, is the world's most horrific cult massacre.


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[Assistant] The death toll, 909, is evidence of just how dangerous a cult leader can be.


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[Assistant] Well hey there GMA fans, Robin Roberts here. Thanks for checking out our YouTube channel. Lots of great stuff here. So go on, click the subscribe button right over here to get more of awesome videos and content from GMA every day, anytime. We thank you for watching and we'll see you in the morning on GMA.


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[Assistant] I bet you he's using code locked on 15 for 15% off built bars at built.com. Tim couch is going to join us in 10 minutes. So we're going to get back to the quarterback conversation.


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[Assistant] In a little bit, Jason has a little nugget from the locker room that I want to touch on about that full back position with Kareem Hampa. Before we do that, we got to bring Tim Couch in. Tim, welcome to Warzone. It's a week one win.


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[Assistant] It's brought to you by our favorites at PCC Airfoils. Are you looking for a job with career advancement and great benefits? PCC Airfoils is a leading manufacturer in Northeast Ohio, all locations of PCC Airfoils in Eastlake.


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[Assistant] Mentor Wycliffe and Minerva are hiring for all positions starting at $18 and up plus full benefit packages, paid time off and a signing bonus. You can apply online at precast.com slash careers to learn more.


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[Assistant] Prayers up for bowl. Yep. We will let you guys know. But we asked the internet yesh. Let's take Tag Ward full here. After his performance in his debut, 4-4-4 the game winner, we said Kade York needs a nickname.


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[Assistant] Because why not? Every kicker has a nickname. And we got over 200 responses. We're going to go through the eight favorites we picked and we're just going to see if any of those you think are worthy of sticking.


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[Assistant] I will say, a lot of people said Legatron, and they were like-


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[Assistant] But that was Greg Zerloin, that's already been used. You can't recycle a nickname for a separate kicker. So Legatron, while it is a good nickname, is not in the running for this. Off the table. Off the table. So I just want to clear that out. Alright, let's get to the first one.


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[Assistant] It was Oktoberfest this weekend.


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[Assistant] Alright, what else we got? Number three. How about Kade Torque?


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[Assistant] That's interesting. Yeah, that's very interesting. Okay, okay. Number six? Big kick energy?


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[Assistant] We got some submissions from YouTube real quick. We have, uh, clutch Kade. We have the Yorkie. Nope. Uh, we have another clutch Kade, the iron leg, the tripod.


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[Assistant] Wait, before you say that. Yeaah. I- Steve Becker told me I need to mention this.


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[Assistant] We have a group chat for the show. Yes. And during games, we all expected it to get a little, you know, a little hoppin'. We were all talking about the game. Yeah. And then Steve decided to add Tim Couch, De'Quel Jackson, and The Horde to the mix.


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[Assistant] Jay, I got three more really good submissions from YouTube. Oh, one's actually, okay. How about Lethal Weapon 3?


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[Assistant] We got two things we got to address before we wrap up today. We have not talked about Myles Garrett. Somehow in an hour and 45 minutes, we actually have not mentioned Myles Garrett and his dominant performance yesterday. Jason, I want to start with you. What do you think was going through Myles' head when he took down Baker for that first time?


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[Assistant] Nope, you're right, you got six, and I didn't sleep last night, I was so thinking about how the show, I text you at 3.30 in the morning. I know, I got a text from you, literally.


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[Assistant] Tyvis and Polk both went five and five. Bull, I sent the original text. I miscounted his two. That's how tired and all in my head. You had Bull at three and seven or? Three and seven, but he actually did go four and six. Remember he switched his pick on the air. I do remember that. So I did switch that. We also had to pick a winner of a headline.


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[Assistant] Yeah. And we went back and forth in the production group between Jay and G and we turned out, let's take it, I think G had the best one.


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[Assistant] Youtube poll results. Go ahead. What was it? A one second poll? We have 107 votes in a minute. We still got 1600 people watching. No, that's a record. That is a record. We put a big numbers today. Yeah. That's what I thought we would. So we have over a hundred votes. Talk to it. 86% for G Bush.


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[Assistant] You know what? Actually, let's turn the camera. Anthony's working on it at his speed.


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[Assistant] If Bobby C. DMs me on Twitter, I'll send him a t-shirt.


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[Assistant] You put it very nicely. Thank you and good night. The pleasure's been mine.


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[Assistant] Monsieur d'Andresi, you always seem to be in the right place at the right time. What are you doing here?


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[Assistant] We have some in Greece, but it's not nearly as good. Poor Grandfather Cornettis. He found out. Thought he could drink it all, but it caught up with him. That's how I happened to be on the Orient Express.


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[Assistant] They were alright when I left this morning. I started down the hill, it was like stepping on a puddle of water.


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[Assistant] I'm so sorry, Mr. D'Andresi. Au revoir.


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[Assistant] I just want to start by saying that I wasn't born vegan and I wasn't even born vegetarian. You see, for almost 21 years of my life, I consumed meat, dairy and egg products. It's not just that I consumed them.


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[Assistant] I loved them, right? I loved how they tasted. I'd have them every single day of my life. I looked forward to the flavors and the textures. I looked forward to getting that nutrition and that satisfaction from consuming those products.


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[Assistant] I get Domino's Pizza pretty much every single week, two for Tuesday. I'd always get Texan BBQ, I'd always get Meat Feast, and I'd always both come with extra mozzarella and cheesy stuffed crust as well.


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[Assistant] I went into my local KFC so often that the people who worked there knew me by my name, I knew what my favourite order was, which was using a box mill with extra hot wings. So when I went in they said, oh hi Ed, you want using a box mill with extra hot wings? And I'd be like, absolutely please, as quick as you can. You see I love the flavour of these products, I really enjoyed them.


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[Assistant] I used to wear things made out of leather and wool and silk and down. I'd buy cosmetics like shampoos and shower gels if I ever considering.


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[Assistant] Whether or not they were tested on animals and going to the zoo was literally one of my favourite things to do and I did it because I was an animal lover. I liked observing these animals. I thought it was a nice thing to do to see them.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I enjoyed seeing these animals. You see, this wasn't something, or veganism wasn't something that I was born with. The morality of veganism wasn't something that I was born with, it's something that I grew and educated myself on and learned more and more about. Now everything started to change for me about five years ago.


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[Assistant] I was having a pizza with a friend and my friend was veggie and I wasn't at this point. And I said to him, should we get bacon on the pizza? And he said, no. And I said,


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[Assistant] Why not, right? Why would you not want to get bacon on pizza? I mean, bacon belongs on pizza. Can you even call it pizza if there's not bacon on top? He said, Ed, I don't think an animal should die for a pizza topping. I said, what are you talking about? These animals are bred for that purpose. We give them life. They give us bacon.


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[Assistant] Bacon is life, right? That's why I used to say I was one of those bacon is life people. But ironically,


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[Assistant] Bacon is very much deaf. Now at that point, I'd never once really contemplated why I consumed animals. I'd not ever really once contemplated why someone wouldn't eat animals. The concept of just consuming animals is so normal, it was so natural, I thought it was necessary. It's what I did every day, so why would I question it?


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[Assistant] Now four years ago, around four years ago, May 2014, I came across this story in the news, it was in the BBC news. It was about a truck carrying 7,000 chickens crashing just off the M62 near Manchester.


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[Assistant] And it really disturbed me this story because the journalist was talking about how hundreds of these animals had died on impact. In fact, I think in total it was 1500 of the birds died on the impact alone. But what disturbed me even more was that there were hundreds more of them


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[Assistant] That were alive. But they were mutilated. They had broken bones and broken wings. Their faces were literally hanging off and I saw pictures of it. Their faces were hanging off. Their combs were hanging off. Their beaks were hanging off. And they were alive.


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[Assistant] And they were suffering. And they were in pain. And I remember reading this article and thinking how horrible it must be for these animals, what terrible suffering they must be enduring. But at that very moment, it dawned on me that in my fridge,


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[Assistant] Question my lifestyle, question my actions, question things I've never thought to question before. It made me say to myself, how do I morally justify doing these things to animals? Are my taste buds more important than their life?


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[Assistant] I was a hypocrite for feeling sorry for these animals because they were there because of me.


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[Assistant] So I made the choice that day to change my lifestyle, to change what I ate. I became veggie and then I learned more about the dairy and egg industries and eventually became vegan. Now, the purpose of what I'm about to say to you and the purpose of this film isn't to make you feel bad, it's not to say that you're a bad person because quite simply,


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[Assistant] That isn't true. It's not to say that you're consciously living an immoral lifestyle because again, quite simply, that isn't true. The purpose of what I'm gonna say and the purpose of the film is to make you question yourself


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[Assistant] In the same way that truck story or the truck crash story made me question myself. It's to make you maybe question the lifestyle that you've been living all your life and make you ask the questions that I asked myself.


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[Assistant] Are my taste buds more important than the life of an animal?


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[Assistant] How do I morally justify taking the life of an animal if it's unnecessary? These are the questions, the rhetorical questions that I was forced to confront within myself and hopefully maybe you'll question yourself with. Now if you get an idea,


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[Assistant] And you put that idea into society long enough, it becomes a societal norm. Now if you keep fueling that societal norm over time, it forms part of society's culture. You pass culture on generation to generation, it becomes tradition.


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[Assistant] Now we need to only look across the world right now and see that culture and tradition are not good benchmarks for morality. Let's just consider first off that in some cultures across the world, it's acceptable to treat a woman as less than a man.


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[Assistant] We would hardly consider that to be moral. In some cultures, it's acceptable to perform female genital mutilation, but again, we would hardly consider that to be moral, even though it's very much a traditional practice.


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[Assistant] Let's apply this logical way of thinking to a situation where it's non-human animals that are being oppressed. The Yulin Dogmeat Festival is an annual festival where tens of thousands of dogs and cats are bred into existence. They're mutilated, they're killed, and ultimately, they're eaten.


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[Assistant] Is it therefore moral to kill and eat a dog if doing so forms part of the community's culture or tradition?


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[Assistant] What about in Bucknell, where again, an annual festival where tens of thousands of dogs and cats are killed? Is that moral? What about in Japan, where every year they slaughter thousands of dolphins? Is that moral because it's traditional? Or in the Faroe Islands, where every single year they slaughter thousands of pilot whales? Again, is that moral because it's cultural?


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[Assistant] But if it's not moral for other cultures to kill dogs and cats and whales and dolphins, why would it be moral for us to kill cows and pigs and chicken and sheep and ducks and geese and all the animals that we kill and consume in this country? And can we really justify that behaviour by saying it's something we've always done? Or it's cultural?


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[Assistant] It's traditional. Now it always strikes me so strange that we have this moral hypocrisy in society where we view some animals as different to other animals. Why is that?


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[Assistant] Why is it that so many of us in society get so angry and upset at the notion of a dog being hurt and killed, but laugh at those that get angry and upset at the notion of a pig or a cow or a chicken being killed? The Winter Olympics were just starting in South Korea and I found it so jarring.


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[Assistant] Because people were outraged that in South Korea they have a dog meat trade.


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[Assistant] People were calling on a boycott of the Winter Olympics saying that some of the athletes shouldn't go because they have a dog meat trade because they kill and eat dogs. There were some of the athletes there that actually rescued some of the dogs from the dog meat trade and they were called heroes.


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[Assistant] They were seen as heroes, as animal rescuers, as lovers of animals, but while they were rescuing those dogs, they were going back and eating chickens and cows and pigs.


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[Assistant] Why is it that we have this moral distinction? After all, all of these animals are alive. They all think. They all feel. They can all suffer. They can all show compassion and receive compassion. And most importantly, they all deserve to receive compassion. So what gives us the right?


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[Assistant] What gives us the right to arbitrarily point the finger and decide who lives and who dies? What gives us the right to inflict pain, suffering and ultimately death onto an animal that wishes to avoid pain, suffering and ultimately death?


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[Assistant] Now one of the most commonly cited justifications that people use to try and excuse our consumption of animal products is the notion of a food chain.


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[Assistant] Now food chains are incredibly important. They help maintain natural ecosystems. They help maintain natural population sizes of wild animals. Inherently, ecosystems help maintain the ecology of the areas of the world in which they exist. They are fundamental to the survival of those ecosystems.


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[Assistant] Now what we do to animals when we selectively breed them, when we forcibly impregnate them, when we take their babies away from them, when we mutilate them, when we exploit them for what isn't ours like their milk and their eggs, when we take them to slaughterhouses, hang them upside down, and cut their throat has nothing.


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[Assistant] And I said to you, kill this animal using what you are biologically given, because all natural animal eaters in the wild kill the prey that they eat using what they were biologically given, which is their claws and their canines. So if I said to you, kill this pig using what you are biologically given,


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[Assistant] How many of you think you'd be able to do that? I mean, let's be honest, when you try to maul that pig, that pig would probably roll over and accept a little tickle off you. And let me tell you that pigs absolutely love belly rubs. If anyone's ever spent time with pigs, you can vouch for this. They love belly rubs. So when you were trying to maul that pig, that pig would roll over and accept a belly rub right there in front of you. You see?


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[Assistant] The utensils that we have for killing are very rudimentary and very crude. We're not effective predators. But let's say for the sake of argument that you do kill that pig and now in front of you is not only a dead pig, but that pig carcass is now open. You've effectively butchered the pig and in front of you lays the open carcass of that once living pig.


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[Assistant] Are you going to eat the raw meat? What about the organs, like the intestines and the cartilage and the tendons and the ligaments and the brain and all that nasty stuff that we don't like to think about? Are you going to eat that? Are you going to eat around that?


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[Assistant] What always strikes me is strange is that when people see these parts of animals, they say that it puts them off their food. When people see graphic content like this, they often say to me, I don't want to see that, it'll put me off my food. Why?


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[Assistant] Why would seeing the process of how meat and animal products turn up on your plate put you off eating them?


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[Assistant] If you were naturally meant to eat animals, not only would you be able to watch them being killed, you'd be able to kill them yourself, yet so many of us feel the opposite of hunger when we see animals being killed. We feel repulsed, we feel angry, we feel sad, we feel frustrated, we don't understand why they're suffering so much. If we were natural animal eaters,


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[Assistant] This wouldn't faze us at all, yeaah. That's one of the most common things that people say to me. I don't want to watch the documentary because it'll put me off my food. Why is this?


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[Assistant] How many stories do we see in mainstream media but also in social media of people say eating a KFC and they find like a piece of chicken brain?


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[Assistant] And they're KFC. And they're outraged. They're so angry. They tweet at KFC and they say, KFC, how dare you? I found a piece of chicken in my dead chicken meal. In fact, there was a headline that said something like, students find dead chicken parts in their fried chicken.


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[Assistant] Well what else are you expecting to find? It's a fried chicken box meal, of course you're going to find dead chicken parts, but you find a piece of brain or a piece of kidney or something that you didn't expect to find and all of a sudden you find that repulsive or they find it repulsive and it puts them off their foods. Is that not strange?


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[Assistant] And I present you all with a freshly sharpened knife. And I say, who of you will cut the throat of this cow?


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[Assistant] Would any of you volunteer to do so? Say instead of a cow it's now a six month old lamb that I bring into this room. And I say who of you will decapitate this lamb, cut their leg off and have a lamb shank? Would any of you do so?


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[Assistant] More importantly, let's say someone did volunteer to do so, how many of you would object? How many of you would oppose that person killing the animal, stop them, or at the very least turn away, walk out and pretend it's not going to happen? Say you're walking down the road.


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[Assistant] And you see someone beating and abusing a dog. Do you step in? Do you intervene?


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[Assistant] Do you try and stop them or at the very least do you call the police? Now say instead of a dog, it's a pig that's been abused, killed and beaten in front of you. Do you still object? Do you still intervene? Do you still try and save that pig's life? At the very least, do you still call the police? Now say that pig that's been abused in front of you is now being abused behind a wall where you can no longer see them. Does that now make it moral?


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[Assistant] Is the killing moral if it's out of sight and out of mind? Or is unnecessary killing always morally reprehensible? How many of us would oppose seeing an animal being killed in front of us but go home and eat fried pig flesh, fried cow flesh or a lamb leg?


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[Assistant] You see, as humans, we have something called moral agency. Inherently, this is what oil boils down to.


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[Assistant] Now moral agency means that we are able to make decisions based on a notion of right and wrong. But importantly, it means we can be held accountable for the decisions.


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[Assistant] Now animals in the wild can't be held accountable for the decisions that they make. That's why lions and tigers and bears are not good role models for our morality. They kill out of necessity. They're obligate carnivores. They have to eat animal flesh to survive. We don't. And because we don't,


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[Assistant] Our moral agency dictates that we are obliged.


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[Assistant] To do or to purchase the product that contains the least amount of suffering, but it also means that if we choose to buy a product that contains suffering, we can and we should be held accountable for the action that we make.


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[Assistant] I wanna do a little thought experiment. And the thought experiment goes, there's a cot with a baby in it. And with this baby in the cot, there's a live bunny rabbit and a strawberry.


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[Assistant] Think about it this way. The FBI states that most serial killers began their life harming animals when they were children. Ted Bundy harmed and abused animals when he was a child. Jeffrey Dahmer harmed and abused animals when he was a child.


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[Assistant] Why is it that leading criminologists and psychologists look at children who harm animals when they're young as potential red flags for humans who may one day grow up to harm other humans?


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[Assistant] After all, a lion teaches their children to kill.


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[Assistant] A tiger teaches their children to kill, a jaguar teaches their children to kill, and yet for some reason, we discourage our children from killing. Why is this?


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[Assistant] Because it goes against our innate compassion. Now imagine in that cot, imagine if the baby tried to eat the bunny rabbits. Right? We think, well that child should probably be looked after, right? We think there's something wrong with the child if they went to eat the animal. And yet when they grow up,


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[Assistant] That's precisely what they do do. They eat the animal. Right? So why is it that we don't like to see children harming animals? Now imagine if every child that was born into this world


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[Assistant] Imagine if they were taught that the life of a chicken should be valued with the same respect that we give to the dogs that we cherish in our home or indeed even to our own self.


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[Assistant] Imagine if every child that was born into this world was told to view the life of a fish in the ocean, a fish they'll never meet, a fish whose life may seem inconsequential. Imagine if that child was taught that that fish should be allowed to live their life without human inflicted pain and exploitation. How would that child ever grow up?


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[Assistant] To harm or oppress another human based on entirely superfluous and irrelevant reasons like race or sexuality or ethnicity or whatever ridiculous reason it is that we choose to oppress each other over.


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[Assistant] They know that what we see in this footage and that what we see online is shocking and that it upsets us and that it offends us. That's why they don't show us the truth.


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[Assistant] That's why they give us marketing labels and ploys to distract us from the reality of what is really going on. Now one of the best examples of this is free range. This is something that I used to really buy into. I thought that buying free range eggs was an ethical thing to do. You see, when we see a box of free range eggs in the supermarkets, what we do


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[Assistant] As we attribute our ideals of freedom onto that box of eggs. Now freedom to us.


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[Assistant] Means being able to live the life that you want to live. Do the things that come naturally to you. Spend time with your friends and your family if that's what you want to do. But most importantly, freedom to us means living without fear.


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[Assistant] Living in peace, living in harmony, living without oppression, without injustice, living without pain. So when we see that box of free range eggs in the supermarkets, we say those hens must have lived a good life.


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[Assistant] They must have done the things that came naturally to them, spent time with their friends and family, if that's what comes naturally to them. But most importantly, we say those hens lived a life without oppression, without injustice, without fear, and without pain. We know that that is not true.


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[Assistant] We know that that is a lie. We know that free-range hens come from hatcheries where the males are gassed and macerated as soon as they are born. We know that the female chicks are often de-beaked and placed into barns where they barely have any room to move and where many will never see the sunlight or breathe the fresh air until the day that they die.


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[Assistant] We know that all free range hens end up in a slaughterhouse with a knife being pulled across their throats.


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[Assistant] Make no mistake, there is no freedom in free range. There's another thing we get told, humane slaughter. It's acceptable and moral to kill an animal if it's done in a humane way.


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[Assistant] So I could ask you the question, how do you humanely take the life of an animal?


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[Assistant] But instead, let's think about it. The word humane means having or showing compassion or benevolence. So instead of me asking you that question, let me rephrase it a little bit and ask you, how do you compassionately, benevolently or humanely take the life of an animal that does not want to die for an unnecessary reason? You can't.


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[Assistant] Humane slaughter is an oxymoron. It can't ever exist because we can never justify taking that life of an animal when they don't need to die and therefore we can never do it compassionately or benevolently.


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[Assistant] Another thing we often get told is happy cows produce happy milk. This is something we're going to hear a lot more in the future, I guarantee you. Happy cows produce happy milk. Let's think about that for a second. Let me ask you a series of questions. Is the cow happy when she's forcibly impregnated? Is she happy when her baby is taken away from her?


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[Assistant] Is that mother happy when her baby is taken away from her? Is that mother happy when she's exploited for what she naturally produces for her child?


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[Assistant] Is she happy when she's loaded into a truck or a trailer and taken to a slaughterhouse? Is she happy when the bolt gun is placed against her head and the knife pulled across her throat? Again, make no mistake.


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[Assistant] There is no happiness in the dairy industry. There is no right way to do the wrong thing. And exploiting animals, because it is unnecessary, will always


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[Assistant] Be the wrong thing and therefore there is no right way to do it. Do not believe the labels and the lies and the adverts and the propaganda and the scams of these industries that seek to make money from you.


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[Assistant] So instead they lie to us to make us buy something that otherwise we would not want to buy because then they make money from us, then they can profit from us, then they can profit from the exploitation of animals.


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[Assistant] It is a lie. They have vested interests. Remember that when you see those labels and those pictures of happy animals. Those animals are suffering, they're in pain, and they will be until the day that they die.


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[Assistant] So the question often becomes, we agree, or most of us agree, that what happens to animals is wrong. And perhaps it is immoral. So instead of abolishing the industries, why don't we just improve the systems? Why don't we just make the farms humane? Why don't we make free range mean free? Now the reality is,


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[Assistant] Even if we were environmentally and economically able to give all of these animals that we consume big green lush pastures, open fields, and allow them to do what comes naturally to them. Even if we found a system where we didn't have to take their babies away from them, where we didn't have to mutilate them, where we didn't have to forcibly impregnate them.


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[Assistant] We will always, always, always have to take their life from them.


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[Assistant] That is a reality of animal exploitation. No matter what industry, their lives will always be taken away from them. And because of that,


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[Assistant] It's irrelevant what quality of life we give them. The moment that we take them to the yard or to the slaughterhouse to take their life, that is abuse. And it cannot be morally justified. Do not buy into welfare. Welfare is not there for the animals. It's there for us.


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[Assistant] You see, the animals don't care what labels they're given on the packets of flesh and secretions in a supermarket. They don't care if they're labelled organic or grass-fed or corn-fed or high-welfare. Those labels do not safeguard the animals. They make us buy the products. They ease our conscience.


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[Assistant] Now it always strikes me strange that when we protest against something like the Yulin Dog Meat Festival, we don't say it's moral to take the life of a dog if it's done in a humane way. We don't say it's moral to take the life of a dog if they're given bigger cages or if they're labelled free range.


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[Assistant] We say take the life of a dog for food is wrong and immoral and should be abolished full stop. No ifs, no buts. The petitions that we signed to end Eulin are not asking for bigger cages. They're not asking for different labeling. They're asking for an end to the dog meat industry and an end to the festival. So let me ask you.


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[Assistant] If the Labrador stakes, they'll be consumed in Newland.


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[Assistant] If they came with an RSPCA approved seal, would that make it moral?


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[Assistant] If the mince chihuahua being consumed in Yulin. If that came with a red tractor approved seal.


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[Assistant] Would that make it moral? If we brought all the dogs and all the cats that are being killed in South East Asia, if we brought them to this country, took them to British slaughterhouses and killed them in the exact same way that we kill the animals in this country, would that make it moral in your eyes? And if it wouldn't,


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[Assistant] Why on earth would it be moral to kill the animals that we eat using these methods? If you have companion animals at home, say like a dog or a cat, a hamster, a rabbit, a gerbil, whatever animal it is, if you have an animal at home that you love and whose existence you cherish,


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[Assistant] If they needed to be put down and euthanized, would you take them to a slaughterhouse to have that done?


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[Assistant] And if you wouldn't, that should tell you all you need to know about how humane a slaughterhouse can be.


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[Assistant] To take that one chance at life away from them because we value the taste of their flesh and their secretions. A meal to us lasts a matter of minutes. An inconsequential amount of time. It's a meal that we forget about as soon as we've finished.


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[Assistant] But that meal has cost the entire existence of an animal.


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[Assistant] We take their life for minutes of pleasure.


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[Assistant] What right do we have to do that? Not only as a species, but as individuals. Let me ask those questions again.


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[Assistant] Are my taste buds or are our taste buds more important than the life of an animal? How do we morally justify doing these things if it's unnecessary and if we don't need to?


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[Assistant] Now as a vegan, I eat all the foods that I used to eat, all the foods that I used to enjoy, all the foods that I used to crave. I eat mac and cheese and spaghetti bolognese and lasagna and stir fries and curries and burritos and nachos and fajitas and tacos. I eat cupcakes and muffins and cheesecakes and chocolate cakes and sweets. All the foods I used to love, all the foods I used to crave.


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[Assistant] But now I do so about harming animals. There's no dead animals, there's no exploited animal secretions, there's no gristle, there's no hormones, there's no antibiotics.


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[Assistant] Oat milk, and rice milk, and soy milk, and coconut milk, and almond milk, and cashew milk, and hazelnut milk. I cook with ingredients and foods I'd never heard of before I went vegan. When I used to open my fridge, it would look like a morgue. It would just be dead chickens everywhere. Sometimes the occasional dead cow may be the occasional dead pig, predominantly dead chicken.


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[Assistant] Now I open up my fridge, it's a garden. There's so many colours. There's such a beautiful array of foods I look forward to cooking. Going vegan encouraged me to reinvent the ways that I cooked. Cook with ingredients I'd never heard of and because of that,


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[Assistant] I enjoy my food so much more than I ever did because it allowed me to reinvent my culinary experience and explore flavors I'd never considered as being something that I should eat.


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[Assistant] Now the American Dietetic Association and the British Dietetic Association, which the largest bodies of diet and nutrition professionals in both countries have categorically stated that a vegan plant-based diet is nutritionally adequate, healthy and safe for all stages of life, including pregnancy.


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[Assistant] What this inherently means is that every nutrient and every vitamin that we need to sustain our healthy life can be obtained on a plant-based diet. What that fundamentally means is that the exploitation of animals and the use of animals is completely unnecessary.


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[Assistant] It has no place in contemporary society. It should be abolished. There is no reason for it to exist anymore. We can survive on a plant-based diet, eating the foods.


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[Assistant] Another way that I like to simplify this is the largest and strongest animals on this planet are the land animals. The elephant, the rhino, and the hippo all have one thing in common. They're herbivorous. And hippos


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[Assistant] Ironically, have the largest canines of any land animal on this planet and they are herbivorous. Okay, so that kind of lays to rest that myth that our canines provide us justification to tear flesh because the largest canines


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[Assistant] Now gorillas share 98% of our DNA and their digestive tract is almost identical to ours and apart from the occasional insects, again.


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[Assistant] The herbivorous. Now I'm not saying that we're gorillas or rhinos or hippos or elephants, but what I'm saying is that we do not need to eat meat or animal products to be strong and healthy. There's that expression that goes, man eats meat to be strong like an ox, forgetting that an ox eats grass.


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[Assistant] Now, if it wasn't so cruel, it would almost be ironic, but it is incredibly cruel.


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[Assistant] Our leading diseases and illnesses, diseases and illnesses that are currently affecting western society.


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[Assistant] They've affected my loved ones in fact. Things like heart disease, certain forms of cancer like breast and prostate and colon.


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[Assistant] Type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, hypertension, strokes, all of these diseases and illnesses can be massively attributed to our consumption of animal products. What is so important to note is that a simple switch to a plant-based vegan diet can not only prevent them, it can in fact reverse and treat some of them as well.


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[Assistant] There are people all over the west right now reversing and treating their heart disease and type 2 diabetes by simply switching from animals to plants. From animal proteins to plant proteins. From the foods that kill them.


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[Assistant] We're causing some of the worst environmental calamities that we are currently facing as a species. It's responsible for more greenhouse gas emissions than the entire transportation system combined.


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[Assistant] It's responsible for up to 91% of Amazon rainforest destruction. It's also responsible for things like topsoil erosion, land desertification, and oceanic dead zones, which are vast areas of the ocean.


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[Assistant] We could have fishless oceans. Animal agriculture is responsible for the fact that we are in the next largest mass species extinction.


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[Assistant] Make no mistake, there is not a single living being alive on this planet today that is not negatively affected by our consumption of animal products. So I could ask you the question again, are our taste buds worth more than the life of an animal? But that doesn't even cover it all. The question should be, are our taste buds not only


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[Assistant] Worth more than life of an animal? Worth more than our own existence? Worth more than life of this planet? In essence, worth more than every single living being on this planet? What sort of future?


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[Assistant] Do we want to leave behind for our children and our grandchildren? Do we want there to be a future left for our children and our grandchildren? The information is out there.


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[Assistant] The United Nations has stated that to avoid the worst effects of climate change, the world needs to shift to a plant-based diet. That's not a vegan activist telling you that. That's not a vegan organisation. That's not vegan propaganda. That is the United Nations making a very stark and honest


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[Assistant] Comment to people. So if you do not change the way that you live, and it is such a simple change, we will be the ones.


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[Assistant] With the abundance of information that we have at our disposal every single second of every single day. With the fact that we can get our phones out and our laptops out and access not only this footage.


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[Assistant] But information that is unbiased and impartial. Information that shows the truth about the health consequences of animal products. Information that shows the truth about the environmental consequences of animal products. Information these industries want to suppress. Is the fact that we can access that information, does that mean that we have the moral imperative to start asking ourselves questions? Like, is it time for me to make that change? Can I still claim to be willfully ignorant?


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[Assistant] Can I still bury my head in the sand and pretend that my actions do not have a negative consequence on others? Or do we have to begin to accept?


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[Assistant] That every purchase that we make, no matter how inconsequential and small it may seem, has a profound effect on the lives of others. That every purchase we make in a supermarket is voting for a different world. A world where animals are still abused, or a world where animals are no longer abused.


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[Assistant] Every single purchase that we make as individuals has a far reaching consequence and a far reaching impact that maybe we don't quite grasp, but we have to understand exists.


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[Assistant] It's the question I want to leave you with and the question I want you to think in your head is what excuse do I still have?


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[Assistant] What moral justification can I still use? And if I can't think of one or if you can't think of one, ask yourself this question.


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[Assistant] Is it time for me to make that change? Thank you so much for listening


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[Assistant] You give them a job. Start them out. Like I did for you as well, alright?


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[Assistant] Good day, Lady Thornton. This is indeed a pleasure. Good day, Miss Bramwell. Will you tell Miss Charlotte that I have received her letter? And I'm glad to accede to her most unusual request. Charles, give Miss Bramwell the parcel.


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[Assistant] One of them had the nerve to ask me why I didn't go into the black market. Me with my boy in the service.


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[Assistant] That he is, ma'am. That and a whole lot more. And you've really given us something to look forward to. Me and Johnny and the missus.


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[Assistant] Emily, you think of everything. You've made them beautifully. This is my first happy day for months.


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[Assistant] On Tuesday I visited the National Portrait Gallery and saw many pictures of uncommon beauty.


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[Assistant] I had hoped by this time that Anne and Emily would have been able to join me. Surely Emily is sufficiently recovered by now to... I can't go on the phone, I really can't.


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[Assistant] Well, my pretty, I didn't know you'd turn into a barfly. I've been trying to get you on the phone all afternoon to tell you that your old lover was back in town.


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[Assistant] I heard that Tim had been shipped out of town, so I went to the Admiral and convinced him that I'd practically charted the Great Lakes.


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[Assistant] It's long enough to get ready for a shakedown cruise, but if you're not stubborn, that ought to give me all the time I need. Don't you think so, Mrs. Hawkins?


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[Assistant] Come on, come on. We can give Mrs. Hawkins the vital statistics some other time. Let's get out of here. I need more privacy.


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[Assistant] Oh, don't let us rush you, Mrs. Hawkins, uh, goodbye. Oh, what about the cheque?


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[Assistant] You got me wrong, Anne. As far as I'm concerned, there never was a beautiful woman to view. Ever since that summer, the whole crowd of us went up to the Thousand Islands. And I first saw you standing on that little yaw. Had on that white bathing suit, remember? With your hair blowing in the wind.


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[Assistant] Probably can't get a room anyplace else. Understand the hotels are jammed.


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[Assistant] That's right, Jane. Don't listen to your mother. I'm counting on you girls spoiling me plenty. There's just one thing, please.


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[Assistant] But Delia, I've half of mine not to stay. But the other half tells me to forgive you. What's that? Oh, I almost forgot. May as well have the unveiling right now.


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[Assistant] I heard they needed some new recruiting posters for the waves, and I figured that your face was the one that would...


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[Assistant] Well, Jane, what's the program for this afternoon? How about you and Brig taking me out on the town? William here could, uh, what did they call you, Bill? Could make a for it.


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[Assistant] You know, I forgot all about that. You were right. Well, we could, uh, well, let's see, uh, Jan, what could we do?


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[Assistant] Next time you're in town, perhaps. Will you be out next Sunday? How about it?


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[Assistant] Well, of all the phony battle axes I've ever met...


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[Assistant] As I was saying, uh, what am I doing here with all these kids anyway?


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[Assistant] Jane, I'm really very proud of you. The nicest looking girl in the place.


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[Assistant] Look, Anne, you'll be hearing plenty of things like this. Might as well get used to them now.


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[Assistant] I remember you and Tim drove everybody crazy wherever you went. Having them play the thing over and over again.


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[Assistant] All right, have it your way, no jokes. What is your pleasure?


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[Assistant] Things changed around here. You have to be doing something now before you get a ticket.


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[Assistant] I wish I knew. What's your guess? Gibraltar? New Guinea? Kiska? You stationed around here? Well, yes and no.


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[Assistant] Look, officer, I don't want to be rude, but we're not in a very chatty frame of mind, so... Would you mind filling out one of those pretty little slips and getting it over with?


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[Assistant] That's right, run me down. Tony Willett, the jolly fellow. Always good for a laugh.


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[Assistant] No. If you haven't wounded me by now, I guess I'm impervious, Al. But I would like to tell you what I was thinking.


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[Assistant] Always remember, a great master devoted some of his last hours to you before he went off to the wards.


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[Assistant] I hope the mumps are the worst things that ever happened to you your whole life long. That won't be killed. Only the good die young, haven't you heard? Then I'm neither good nor young.


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[Assistant] Now you're making sense. I always knew you had a good hand on your shoulders. Will you write to me?


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[Assistant] What's the matter? Do you want to keep them all to yourself? Besides, I'm no hero. I've had them months. I'm immune.


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[Assistant] What are you doing sitting right there and that holy of holys just as though it were yours?


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[Assistant] Oh yes, I've learned a new trick. The Navy thought I ought to bring it home. You know, for purposes of morale.


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[Assistant] Well, at least it's a temporary solution to the problem of avoiding Emily Hawkins. How about a little nightcap of the three of us there?


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[Assistant] Uh-uh, but our side won victory over gas power. How's Jane?


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[Assistant] There was a dame standing right in the middle of the street with a big tub of spaghetti. And she had, she had the-


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[Assistant] That's right, and what would be the fun in that? I'd never be able to break my heart over you anymore.


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[Assistant] It is years since the incidents of which I speak took place, and yet it is with diffidence that I allude to them. For a long time, even with the utmost discretion and reticence, it would have been impossible to make the facts public. But now the principal person concerned is beyond the reach of human law.


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[Assistant] And with due suppression the story may be told in such fashion as to injure no one.


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[Assistant] It records an absolutely unique experience in the career both of Mr. Sherlock Holmes and of myself. The reader will excuse me if I conceal the date.


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[Assistant] Or any other fact by which he might trace the actual occurrence.


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[Assistant] We had been out for one of our evening rambles, Holmes and I.


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[Assistant] And had returned about six o'clock on a cold frosty winter's evening.


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[Assistant] As Holmes turned up the lamp, the light fell upon a card on the table. He glanced at it, and then, with an ejaculation of disgust, threw it on the floor. I picked it up and read, Charles Augustus Milverton, Appledore Towers, Hampstead, Agent. Who is he? I asked. The worst man in London, Holmes answered, as he sat down and stretched his legs before the fire.


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[Assistant] Is anything on the back of the card? I turned it over.


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[Assistant] Do you feel a creeping, shrinking sensation, Watson, when you stand before the serpents in the zoo?


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[Assistant] Whose secret and reputation come into the power of Milverton?


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[Assistant] With a smiling face and a heart of marble he will squeeze and squeeze until he has drained them dry.


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[Assistant] The fellow is a genius in his way and would have made his mark in some more savoury trade. His method is as follows.


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[Assistant] He allows it be known that he is prepared to pay very high sums for letters which compromise people of wealth and position.


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[Assistant] He receives these wares not only from treacherous valets or maids,


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[Assistant] I happen to know that he paid £700 to a footman for a note two lines in length, and that the ruin of a noble family was the result. Everything which is in the market goes to Milverton.


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[Assistant] Who methodically and at his leisure tortures the soul and rings the nerves in order to add to his already swollen money-bags.


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[Assistant] I had seldom heard my friends speak with such intensity of feeling.


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[Assistant] But surely, said I, the fellow must be within the grasp of the law. Technically, no doubt, but practically not. What would it profit a woman, for example?


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[Assistant] To get him a few months imprisonment, if her own ruin must immediately follow. His victims dare not hit back. If ever he blackmailed an innocent person, then indeed we should have him. But he is as cunning as the evil one. No, no, we must find other ways to fight him. And why is he here?


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[Assistant] Because an illustrious client has placed her piteous case in my hands. It is the Lady Eva Blackwell, the most beautiful debutante of last season. She is to be married in a fortnight to the Earl of Dover Court.


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[Assistant] This fiend has several imprudent letters. Imprudent, Watson, nothing worse.


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[Assistant] Which were written to an impercunious young squire in the country. They would suffice to break off the match. Milverton will send the letters to the Earl unless a large sum of money is paid him. I have been commissioned to meet him and to make the best terms I can.


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[Assistant] And a small stout man in a shaggy Astrakhan overcoat descended. A minute later he was in the room. Charles Augustus Milverton was a man of fifty, with a large intellectual head, a round, plump, hairless face, a perpetual frozen smile, and two keen grey eyes


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[Assistant] Which gleamed brightly from behind broad gold rimmed glasses.


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[Assistant] There was something of Mr. Pickwick's benevolence in his appearance.


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[Assistant] Marred only by the insincerity of the fixed smile, and by the hard glitter of those restless and penetrating eyes. His voice was as smooth and suave as his countenance, as he advanced with a plump little hand extended.


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[Assistant] Murmuring his regret for having Mistus at his first visit.


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[Assistant] Holmes disregarded the outstretched hand and looked at him with a face of granite. Milverton's smile broadened. He shrugged his shoulders.


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[Assistant] Remove his overcoat, folded it with great deliberation over the back


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[Assistant] This gentleman, said he with a wave in my direction, is it discreet? Is it right? Dr. Watson is my friend and partner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very good, Mr. Holmes. It is only in your client's interests that I protested. The matter is so very delicate. Dr. Watson has already heard of it. Then we can proceed to business. You say that you are acting for Lady Eva. Has she empowered you to accept my terms? What are your terms? Seven thousand pounds. And the alternative? My dear sir.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is painful for me to discuss it, but if the money is not paid on the fourteenth, there certainly will be no marriage on the eighteenth. His insufferable smile was more complacent than ever. Holmes thought for a little. You appear to me, he said at last, to be taking matters too much for granted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am of course familiar with the contents of these letters. My client will certainly do what I may advise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I shall counsel her to tell her future husband the whole story, and to trust to his generosity." Milverton chuckled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are sprightly, very sprightly, Milverton answered. The lady was a charming correspondent, but I can assure you that the Earl of Dovercourt would fail to appreciate


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, since you think otherwise, we will let it rest at that. It is purely a matter of business.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think that it is in the best interest of your client that these letters should be placed in the hands of the Earl,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I assure you that two thousand pounds would be a drain upon her resources.