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[Assistant] In the meantime, Mrs. Bennett never stopped speaking about Mr. Bingley and how impatient she was for his return.


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[Assistant] She even managed to convince Jane that she had been badly treated by him.


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[Assistant] Mr. Collins returned to Longbourn, which also bothered Mrs. Bennett.


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[Assistant] She was not quite as polite or positive as she had been on his first visit.


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[Assistant] However, he was often calling on Charlotte, which relieved the Bennets of dealing with his company.


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[Assistant] Even speaking about the future wedding put her into a bad mood. The sight of Miss Lucas was too much for her.


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[Assistant] She came to believe that Mr. Collins and Charlotte were planning to make her and her daughters leave the house immediately after Mr. Bennett's death. Finally, a letter from Miss Bingley arrived.


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[Assistant] The beginning part stated their decision to stay in London for the winter.


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[Assistant] The ending expressed her brother's sadness at not being able to say goodbye to his friends before he left.


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[Assistant] Ms. Bingley also stated that Mr. Bingley had not much free time.


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[Assistant] He had been introduced to Mr. Darcy's fine looking younger sister, Georgiana, and had been so attracted to her that he could think of nothing else. This made Elizabeth very angry.


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[Assistant] She knew that Bingley was fond of Jane, but she also knew that he was under the control of his wicked friend, Mr. Darcy.


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[Assistant] She began to think that Mr. Bingley had a very weak character.


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[Assistant] Elizabeth blamed Darcy for taking Bingley away from Jane. She knew that Mr. Darcy hated her family and thought that he was rescuing his friend.


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[Assistant] Ohara, Allison, Lakeview bus depot. Subic just bought himself a ticket for San Francisco. Good.


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[Assistant] Haatan saab ne kaha hai ki General Begg sanghu se battalion leche nikal pade hain. Kal tak pahon jayenge.


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[Assistant] Someone took the package of laundry away from you, comrade Cribbs.


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[Assistant] Well boys, here's to your homecoming. And to your futures.


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[Assistant] I don't seem to be as close to you anymore as, as a bank.


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[Assistant] Oh, which reminds me, would you please not say it with flowers? My office is so full of them now I can hardly get into it.


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[Assistant] Now that you've volunteered there is, he's coming to see you. It's something about his old friends deserting him and wanting to take their money out of his bank.


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[Assistant] Well, I'm sure Dad will let you have it. I'll phone you right back. Oh, Marty, you do know how to get the best out of life. Moonlight on the sea. I can hardly wait.


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[Assistant] Fellows, this is Trixie Summers. She too has suffered.


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[Assistant] Perhaps, if I weren't a blacksmith's wife, and, what's the same thing, a slave with her apron never off? I should have been to hear the carols.


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[Assistant] Said Mr. Pumblechook, be grateful, boy, to them which brought you up by hand.


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[Assistant] Last night at about 10.30 or 10.35, the 1992-93 New York Rangers season ended. And this morning with this announcement, the


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[Assistant] It's tough to go through trades like this when you lose real good people like Tony Amonti and Mike Gartner, but the Rangers are a little bigger, they're a little grittier, and they're, in my opinion, the Rangers should be a better playoff team.


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[Assistant] Any pro athlete, when you've got him down, he's gonna play the hardest he's ever played in his life.


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[Assistant] I'll have you know I've got the finest horses this side in the Mississippi. Now take Appalachian for instance.


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[Assistant] And why not? There's sixty generations of racers behind him, and every one of his cults is a winner.


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[Assistant] You head this VR department, is that correct?


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[Assistant] And them that don't keep a fella waiting neither. And do you understand? I'm getting sick of trailing you around.


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[Assistant] That crane of mine needs fixing again. You better see to it. All right, look you made of it last time.


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[Assistant] Listen to me. What are you going to do about it? You ain't making no move to marry her. What was I going to do with you? Me. Me has asked her to marry me.


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[Assistant] What do you got against me? Only wanted you to come for a ride in the car?


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[Assistant] Well, it looks like the mister up there finally got sore and decided to put the finger on our fair city. We got the wrong guy. You wouldn't print that, would you Casey? Not in all my job.


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[Assistant] I always knew this town was pretty raw, but I never knew lightning to use a 38.


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[Assistant] It's a funny thing, you've been getting away with murder for years, but it took lightning to pin it on you.


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[Assistant] You know, if I was you, I'd pack my bag and not see the boss. Or I'd see the boss and not pack my bag.


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[Assistant] I run this town with ballots, not bullets. You know that, Amato. What you do with your dice and your wheel is your business.


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[Assistant] But using a gun makes it my business. First, it was an accident. The hick lost of crabs.


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[Assistant] I covered you on that Smith jam by making young Carney take the rap. But this time, I don't know. This is just what the district attorney's been waiting for.


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[Assistant] I'd let Pringle hang you with your own rope if it wasn't for the river wards. Even though his votes may not help now.


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[Assistant] Every reform leader in town will be crying for my scalp. Every newspaper yell bloody murder. The Globes headline should ought to be porty. You mean Casey? At the bat.


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[Assistant] When fertilized with vitamin X, the pansies turn their little faces laughingly to the sun. No wonder mine have been frowning. I use vitamin P.


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[Assistant] Oh, it don't make sense. Hitler wants to play London Bridge is Falling Down, Cameron's dumb henchman commits murder, and you worry abou-


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[Assistant] Just happened to be in the neighborhood and thought I'd drop in for a nightcap. We're as dry as Kansas. Well, I'll have to send you boys over some of my private stock. Bourbon or rye. Don't drink. Ulcers. Well, I gotta be moving along. Claustrophobia? Yeah. Unhappy in tight places.


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[Assistant] Ah, it's nice to see you again, Bob. We haven't had a chat for a long time. Three months, four days, six hours. Seven hours. You forget daylight saving. Incidentally, you really helped me out with that sewerage story. The switching contracts came a little bit late, but I always like to see the right man get the job and keep it. How's the wife? Okay. And my son's all right, too. Oh, that's fine. He must be old enough to play basketball now. Next year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, it's a good thing I tipped you off. I always like to take care of the globe. The publisher is a pal of mine.


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[Assistant] Yes, the boy came to town for the first time, lost all his money gathering and was afraid to go back home. Too bad, but you know how those things happen. I don't, but our publisher does. I hear you've become quite a gardener. I wouldn't take it too seriously. Might interfere with your job. Good night, Bob. Remember me to your wife.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I'll have nothing to do but grow the biggest asters in Newburgh.


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[Assistant] Mr. Dove, who are you gonna call? Ripley. A murdered boy just committed suicide.


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[Assistant] My barber says I've changed. Had three less hairs this morning.


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[Assistant] Terribly. You're like that first breath of spring the poets write about. And that sulfur and molasses tonic your mother talked about. And made me take.


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[Assistant] As head of my family, I'll take care of Mr. Hollister.


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[Assistant] Morrie, uh, try a cigar from that box. Hey, you know I don't smoke.


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[Assistant] And if I know my daughter, history will repeat itself. Where are we supposed to go?


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[Assistant] What does he mean? Uses on the ticket? It was.


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[Assistant] Moriart photostats of an interesting bank deposit by Hughes after turning over the racing tape. He's out. Slate. In.


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[Assistant] Are you telling me what to do? In space. Amaro?


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[Assistant] You've not only jeopardized the progressive party with this college kid jam, but you've just told me what to do. You're through.


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[Assistant] You may think you are a funny guy, but I lay you twenty to one you will not be elected. Suppose you let me lose sleep over that. The doctors say I'm getting too much anyhow.


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[Assistant] I even joined the Book of the Month Club and I still don't read nothing about no Bob Rommel.


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[Assistant] Oh, it's a restful tired. The kind your mother used to have after a good day's house cleaning. You're a lot like her, Sabra. Laugh, walk, talk.


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[Assistant] You just relax under your soft light.


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[Assistant] There should be one for a bright, determined young man like you. That is, of course, if you don't mind associating with a politician. Oh, I like politicians. They're clever.


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[Assistant] I'll have to. First time you ever come to see me. Socialite, boss.


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[Assistant] Just to show you that there's no hard feelings. Thanks, boss. Goodnight.


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[Assistant] Well, my hands feel better now. Goodbye, Lin. Good night, sir.


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[Assistant] How can you talk politics on a night like this? Look at that moon. Have you no poetry in your soul? I've just won a little side bet. Too much success might go to my head.


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[Assistant] I haven't heard any complaint about Lynn. George can't even put him out with a cat.


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[Assistant] You're much too bright and too inquisitive for a young lady that's been coming in pretty late nights.


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[Assistant] Baby, you're imagining things. That comes from those late hours.


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[Assistant] I'll have to talk to Lynn about that and some other things too. You know, I don't mind his using my razor. I'd draw the line to singing spirituals in the bathtub. Now you run along and do your shopping and you leave this election to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is my business. Get all the help you need


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[Assistant] And step on it to the fifth precinct. You know, Marty, I don't believe in pillow fights. Now, how far can we go? I didn't hear a word after I said, step on it.


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[Assistant] No ma'am, I ain't working. At present, I'm seeking relief from relief.


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[Assistant] James Brown. James Brown. Over there. Henry Jones. Henry Jones. Soapy to my pals. Over there. Monroe.


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[Assistant] That was there in my life. You know me, Pat Mullen. Sure, I married your sister. How is this? Fine, fine. Next, Dave Jones.


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[Assistant] Get your dishes? Getting the old run around, eh buddy? You must be new around here to worry about a little wholesale voting.


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[Assistant] Buddy, you're all right. Let's snag a ringside seat and twirl a couple of sparklers while the big folks shoot off the fireworks.


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[Assistant] Well, there's a lot of guys vacationing on health resorts that ain't in bad health.


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[Assistant] Well, goodbye stranger. It's every man for himself now. If you hear any noise around them cracker bells, it won't be mice, it'll be me.


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[Assistant] No lightning, but on a clear day you can still see camera.


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[Assistant] Ah, thank you, Mayor. Why, of course I deserve it. But it's always nice to hear you say so. So long.


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[Assistant] Oh, good morning, Governor. Yeah, thanks. How about coming over to dinner Friday? All right, we'll make it some other time. Well, I've been trying to see you ever since I left the hospital.


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[Assistant] Saber and I have been celebrating the little dinner given by our new councilman. I wouldn't have kept you waiting till now, but, uh, as Ringlardner says, it's hard to rise with a lark when you haven't been out on one the night before.


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[Assistant] No, baby. Did you go shopping yesterday? I've been so busy I forgot to ask.


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[Assistant] Look, I finally ca- SHH! I finally catch up with this guy, Bo Brummel. But I don't catch the foreign lingo.


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[Assistant] My wife Jessie hasn't been feeling so well and Jessie's fine and you know it. You're running out on me.


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[Assistant] Why? Because a couple of roughnecks start playing Pop Goes the Weasel and a hick lawyer sees it.


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[Assistant] Who do you suppose would believe that confession outside of Pringle? Dead men don't make good witnesses. Funny thing, that statute is binding. And with Slade going the way he did, some of the boys don't feel so well. It won't be pretty if they start to sing.


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[Assistant] I didn't tell you before, Tom, but things have been happening so fast and... Well, next election I'm running for mayor.


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[Assistant] Why, why yes, thought we'd take a little vacation. I know. Your wife isn't feeling too well.


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[Assistant] Two. Your mother left us too soon. I wanted to give you everything she missed. Then it was like a game.


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[Assistant] Go out with the other fellow and feel inside that you had to win. And you won. Success. It's like straight whiskey and you want more and more until you realize the futility of it and want to stop. But you can't stop. It's gotten bigger than you. It's no good.


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[Assistant] He's a fine boy, Samra. Remember that.


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[Assistant] You got something to hide, Captain, like maybe, uh, carrier pigeons?


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[Assistant] He's starting to slide off the ice. Go search the galley for food. See what you can find. I have some fur clothing and Arctic gear in my cabin. Go get it. We better see what's left in our cabin.


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[Assistant] How did that not go in? Nice approach!


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[Assistant] On that pop, this gang's international. They'd give anything in the world for Doc's invention.


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[Assistant] You're a great pal. Now look, here's what I want you to do. Take this compass and head due east. It ought to bring you out on the old mine road.


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[Assistant] Some wood paneling. This might be an entrance. Might go some place. I'm gonna go get an axe.


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[Assistant] I don't understand it. I couldn't have hit him that hard. Are you mad, doctor?


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[Assistant] I'll bring the station wagon around front. You telephone the hospital and make the arrangements, will you?


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[Assistant] It's this way, sir. After twenty years of faithful service, I, uh...


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[Assistant] I didn't let him in. You'll find him on the front steps.


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[Assistant] And my Johnny got Dr. Joe away from his wedding to help him.


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[Assistant] or allow the servant to go after your uncle you do not look well enough


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[Assistant] I wish to heaven that I could do something to help you.


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[Assistant] This bad situation will, I fear, stop my sister from wanting to visit you at Pemberley.


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[Assistant] One day I will perhaps do the same. I will sit in my library, in my cap and gown, and give everyone as much trouble as I can. Or perhaps, I shall wait until Kitty runs away.


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[Assistant] I would not trust you to go as near it as Eastbourne. No, Kitty.


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[Assistant] I have at last learned that I must be very careful.


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[Assistant] No officer is going to enter my house ever again.


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[Assistant] And you are not allowed to go to any more dances.


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[Assistant] And I will not let you outside again until you can prove that you have spent 10 minutes each day in a wise and thoughtful manner.


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[Assistant] If you are a good girl for the next ten years, then I will take you to the theater at the end of them.


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[Assistant] He had been dealing with the black people in the neighborhood for the past thirty years. When the city had rioted and people were burning out the white businessmen in the slums, the black women of his neighborhood had surrounded the store and wouldn't allow the men to loot. Teddy and his crowd of friends had been there, wanting to take off all the meat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But his mother and sister were in the front of the crowd of women. They stayed up in shifts protecting the store.


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[Assistant] The wineheads, who wanted the cheap wine free, and the dope fiends, who wanted whatever they could get to sell, called the women honky lovers, and whatever else they could think of. But it hadn't done any good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next day when the owner came, expecting to see his store burned down or looted out,


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[Assistant] He cried when he found the woman sitting out front joking. The woman had displayed more sense than most of the men.


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[Assistant] They knew he was the only one they could turn to when their check money ran out.


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[Assistant] It was not surprising for some of them to have to owe as much as 60 or 70 dollars out of their checks at the end of the month. Bessie went in and cashed her check. When she came out, she gave Teddy five dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After half an hour, she thought about blowing the horn, but she knew that it would be wrong.


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[Assistant] It would probably get teddy in trouble with the dope man if she blew the horn in front of his house.


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[Assistant] I'm sorry sis if I stay too long, but I had to wait until he had cut up some stuff. She sighed. It wouldn't do any good to complain.


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[Assistant] The shopping center was crowded when they pulled into the parking lot.


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[Assistant] Teddy found a spot to park not too far away, and they all climbed out. Bessie led the way into the store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like most women, once she entered the store, she lost all conception of time. Her eyes brightened and she became obsessed with shopping.


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[Assistant] After an hour she was still walking from counter to counter. After the second trip around the store, Teddy began to grow restless.


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[Assistant] I thought you was gonna buy the kids some shoes, Bessie," he asked.


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[Assistant] They were too cheap to steal unless you could get away with a whole rack.


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[Assistant] He watched the other woman's purse and wondered idly if he could dip on her before she noticed him. He disregarded the idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ever since entering the store, you've been looking for something to steal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It occurred to Teddy that women enjoyed shopping more for the sake of snatching something out of each other's hands than for really shopping. The PA system announced a sale on children's clothes. The mention of sale immediately caught the women's attention, and before the speaker had finished, there was a small stampede toward the children's department. Teddy watched his sister, amused. She was like a racehorse coming out of a stall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After new tennis shoes were put on the boys' feet, they didn't want to take them off.


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[Assistant] They started to cry when Bessie ordered them to take the shoes off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To prevent the children from crying, she let the boys keep their new shoes on. The little girl decided she wanted to wear hers too. So again she relented. She gave Teddy the old shoes to carry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They started for the checkout counter, but Bessie spotted an opening where the sale was going on and made a beeline for it. Give me the money for the shoes, Bessie, Teddy said quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll take the kids up front so we won't still be at the end of the line when you get there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without giving it any thought, she removed a ten dollar bill from her purse and gave it to him. I'll catch up with you shortly, Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just want to get a few new outfits so the kids will have something to wear when school starts back. Teddy took the money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As he stood in the crowd of women, he dropped the boys' shoes on the floor out of sight. He kicked them towards the front of the crowd of women. He pushed the kids up the aisle in front of him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without any apparent hurry, he started the children toward the nearest door.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As soon as they reached the sidewalk two white men stepped up beside him and grabbed his arms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without any hurry, they ushered him and the children back in the store and led them to an office in the rear of the building.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It had been done so neatly that very few people realized what was going on.


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[Assistant] A little later, when Bessie paid for her articles, another woman approached her as she left the checkout counter


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They spoke briefly for a few moments, then the woman led her toward the office in the back of the store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Bessie entered the office she saw her children standing around crying while her brother leaned up against the wall as though nothing had happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More ashamed than frightened, Bessie removed all of her sales slips and showed that she had paid for all of her purchases. It must have been a misunderstanding, she pleaded. Teddy must have thought that I was going to pay for the shoes. The store detectives watched her closely. The crying of the children was beginning to get on their nerves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't have the slightest doubt in our minds about whether or not your brother was planning on stealing those shoes, miss. If he had intended on paying for them...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why would he have bothered to conceal the old ones that the kids took off? As he shrugged her shoulders, she felt like crying herself. Nothing like this had ever happened to her before. She was angry at Teddy, but she didn't want to see him go to jail. Couldn't you let him go this time? She pleaded. I'm sure if you do, he'll never come back in your store again. She stared from one detective to the other anxiously. The woman who had shown her the way to the office spoke up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could you pay for the shoes? she asked. Bessie fumbled awkwardly with her purse. She snatched it open. Here, she said and held out a $20 bill. This should be more than enough. The detectives glanced at each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teddy sneered as Bessie followed him and the children out of the store


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before they had reached the car, her shame had turned to anger. Give me my money, she demanded sharply. Her voice was full of scorn and anger. Teddy felt the $10 bill in his pocket. I lost it, he stated coldly and continued on towards the car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a hot muggy day, and the sun was shining brightly through the windows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Terry put the vacuum cleaner


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[Assistant] Their home was a lovely house that ran in the $20,000 bracket.


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[Assistant] Her father kept the lawn beautiful and her mother kept the inside of the house immaculate.


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[Assistant] The living room and dining room floors were covered with light brown wall-to-wall carpeting and boasted matching dark bronze French provincial furniture and golden drapes. The dining room table had a matching china cabinet. All gave the appearance of utter good taste. Terry? Her mother called from the kitchen. Have you finished yet? Yes, Mom. Terry replied as she flopped down on the couch. You want me to make some chicken sandwiches for your lunch today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't worry mom. I'll probably buy something to eat at work. Lately I haven't been having any type of appetite. You can say that again. Her mother replied.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never before in her short life had she ever had such a desire.


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[Assistant] It was a nagging constant thought, something she couldn't just dismiss. She sniffed and wondered if she was coming down with a cold. For the past half an hour, she'd been sniffling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She promised herself that she would absolutely refuse to snort any dope for the next week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What do you say, Moe? I say I'm sorry I was ever born. Mr. Boo will find this out. He won't, though. Not unless you tell him. I ain't gonna tell him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just, cause this is like a smoothie, this makes it even grosser than just the fact that it's sardines, but I like North. Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you had so much to say about it, I'm gonna give it a try.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your parents are lovely people who often do comedy bits for your show. In fact, they're both here tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you very much Manish for the introduction. Thank you very much everybody. It's an honor to be here, albeit virtually, so thank you for having me. Thank you for attending this talk. So yes, I will talk about the role representations broadly construed and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, this includes, uh, graphical elements actually in the user interface, such as buttons and icons, which if you think about it are visual representations of comments or, uh, you can think of scrolling bars as well, which would be a visual representation of the notion of viewport within a document.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or a progress bar, which would be a reification of system progress doing a task. So these are visual representations, uh, as per our definition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Drawings, sketches are also visual representations of information when they capture concepts and ideas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Such as the model of the half-elix that we see here in the photograph from Linus Pauling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ...into our mind immediately. Visual representation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for this talk today, uh, I thought I would go over why choosing appropriate visual representations in user interfaces is such an important design decision to guide and empower people. And also I want to show that it is far from being a trivial task.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so often times as well, uh, visual representation, we think of them as an output modality and I will try to convince you and show you also that it's very important to consider them also and their quality as an input modality.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's get started. What are visualization, uh, visual representations great for?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first argument that you will often hear is visual representations of information are powerful because they allow to externalize cognition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And instead of working with the information that is stored in your head, you can use up your, um, very powerful perceptual system to acquire the necessary information, uh, as you are at the task.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a simple visual representation that shows the number of murders committed using firearms in the state of Florida for the past 30 years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That basically makes it legal to shoot one's way out of any situation that feels threatening. And so what happens after the law was enacted?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, what does this chart, uh, really showing us at a glance? We see a clear drop, right? It's great. The state seems to be safer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, after the, the, the law was enacted, which is good news, the very fact that it's legal to shoot someone for self-defense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you take a second, you might find out that the axis, the y-axis actually goes downwards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so basically if we turn it around this chart and put it back in a chronological order,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is a visualization that we would be more used to. This is, uh, this is what we get. The complete opposite story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's one of the aspects of what I really mean when I talk about the power of visual representations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it is clearly a malicious design aimed to mislead the audience. Why? Because you're used to read this type of charts with the Y axis going upwards. And it's well too easy not to catch this, this subtlety here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A quick snap judgment by reading a chart that you expect will respect conventions and standards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm sure, like, of course, many of you would say, like, never designed such a chart, it's a terrible idea. Well, sure, I agree with that. Hopefully we don't. But there might be some, like, you know, uh, reasonable reasons why a chart might be designed in an unconventional way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are too used, we are so used to this type of visual representation that it is very likely that many of us would over confidently rely on the visual judgement and interpretation here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Decoding visual representation is deceptively simple. Here I showed an example that is pretty obvious with a clear violation of an established standard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's so big and obvious that it actually isn't. We got fooled, or at least I did, like the first time I saw this chart. It took me a few, you know, somebody actually telling me that the axis was the wrong way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there are plenty of other more subtle cases that can be at play. So uhm, there are many expectations and assumptions that, you know, one inherently has when they approach visual representations of information and the context as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this sense, like, you know, in, in not always like the best way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's another example, so these, uh, are two shots that show the same data about access to safe drinking water in two different fictional cities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, can you guess what changed here? I believe like, because now I have, uh, put you in the mindset of like paying attention to the axis. You might have noticed that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same data, but axes have changed. On the left hand, we have a truncated axis where the values start at 81%.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So one question that we might have here, which one of those two representations is better?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actually, no, because it actually depends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you are trying to emphasize the difference and allow an accurate reading of this difference and can compromise actually an accurate estimate of the magnitude of those values, then the left representation is good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because, uh, it results in an exaggeration of the difference, uh, between the two quantities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So by using one or the other, you understand that you will make one of those tasks easier, but also the other tasks more difficult. And so that's the second, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that, uh, inevitable? Well, uh, sometimes, uh, no, if you consider that, uh, only a single design choice is possible, but,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here, uh, one question that we may wonder, why do we have to choose one or the other? Why not presenting the viewer with both views? Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, if they are equally valuable in different circumstances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this might ring a bell to some, some people in the audience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But so basically in this work what we thought is why not adding simple interaction like a click or hover over so that the viewer can easily transition between the close-up deceptive view where the y-axis is truncated


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And depending on the task, right, the, the, the viewer can pose on the view that's better to them at the time it is better to them. So we call this technique the perceptual glimpses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's not all. We didn't get away by not having to choose between two reasonable options. We presented them both, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or is it better to show the details first and then contextualize this data by transitioning to the non-truncated views, uh, to appreciate the magnitude?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so one of the very interesting findings, uh, that we, we got from the studies of, of these, like, which of you first is that the overview first mantra actually resulted in policy pants finding themselves deceived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and they completely rethought the validity of their initial assumption, uh, after being presented, you know, the views in this order rather than, uh, just adjusting, uh, their initial estimate as, as we were expecting with the anchoring mechanism here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The thing is, design of visual representations involves to make all and every decision about location and visual aspect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because representing something visually requires you to like, you know, create this visual representation and put it somewhere. It requires you to find the location, give it a shape and the color and so forth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] or shaping things up in a particular fashion or use colors or texture in a particular fashion for every such decision, be sure that you create


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surely new opportunities of conveying, uh, uh, information that you did not intend to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or that they would be influenced by one of the perceptual or cognitive biases that we mentioned a moment ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me pause here. I don't want you to think that I'm telling you that, uh, no matter what you do, you never win. As a designer, it's not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The real truth is that it's not so terrible. Visual representations really do help, uh, truly in most cases. I'm just communicating here that, uh, how easy it is to underuse their power or even worse, reverse their power against your initial intent. And that's, uh, important to be well aware, uh, of such caveats. So let me show some success stories. Think about a physician who sees many, many patients within a day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Often in the form of textual notes, clinical notes, and they use these clinical notes to recollect what the patient's clinical history is or to assess what the patient's problems are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even though the information is out there at text, you know, it's quite difficult to go over it all and integrate out of the information it contains.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the patient's clinical trajectory as possible to provide appropriate care and oftentimes within a very very constrained, you know, time, uh, time period.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here we have data visualizations, uh, powered by computational methods.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, such as natural language processing. So this tool particularly is called Dockrate. It's a visual analytics tool to support quick patient review.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Within the patient's record that has been automatically extracted from the clinical notes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we see here, cardiovascular symptoms and medications in red.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, those relevant to gastroenterology in purple, uh, and so on and so forth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So these frequencies of mentions of symptoms and medications are showed over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we talk about visual representations of information and you will find also in this interface it's immense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of the collection of notes that is used for specialization, uh, we know like the viewport I was telling earlier in the talk, like this is basically our scrolling bar with, with the cursor here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, so that, that gives us an indication of where we are in the collection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make for a powerful interface for visual exploration of data extracted from these documents and further featured and queried by the physicians for interactions with various widgets and data views themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the visualizations, uh, the physician, sorry, we evaluate these stories, uh, often found more patient problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More quickly and more accurately than when using, uh, the textual notes only. So this is showing the power of like, you know, visual representations, uh, in action together with interaction as well. But.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps, you know, Fanny, we could improve this visualization on the left. Why might you think that? Because...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's actually strange to represent time from top to bottom. We usually have timelines going from left to right, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here a horizontal timeline will perhaps be more natural for this particular visualization because of standards and conventions and expectations as I was referring to earlier. But there we are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have the notes on the right and because, uh, we have them because it's important to the physicians.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we have this view on the right, and this view impose like linear textual records that goes, you know, from top to bottom. The chronological, you know, order is as such, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be consistent with that, uh, of the document view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And remember also the miniature scroll bar that we have in the middle, which is also itself like a reification and materialization of time as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yes, the unconventional top to bottom timeline, uh, might not be optimal in terms of like, you know, the expectations and the standards, but it makes sense here to prevent the cognitive load.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Associated with reconciling a spatial mapping that is inconsistent between different views otherwise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When designing visual representations of information, there are countless elements to take into consideration because of the context it is embedded in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But which is okay. There are trade-offs. We need to accept that by optimizing something, we may compromise on something else. What's important to do and have in mind is to make this choice, you know, conscious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Classical interactive dashboard with several light charts, uh, stack charts and so on. I'm not gonna go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in details about this interface in particular, but uhm, just to give the context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we are working here like in the context of a pediatric intensive care unit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, where, uhm, clinicians have to do daily rounds, uh, which involve monitoring the fluids in, uh, every critically ill children and they have to do that as a team every day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, they take notes and then when it comes like, you know, that the clinical team meets together for the round, they provide a created summary of the patient status orally to a team of other experts from their notes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So no need to mention that of course this picking delivery of the information is zero prone and importantly many errors in these intensive care units.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are preventable because there are common errors which we aim to address with our visualization dashboard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it helps making all of the patient's information available to the clinicians in a carefully designed, you know, user-centered design interactive dashboard, uh, supports and can support specific analytical tasks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the interesting thing here with this project, uh, is that we were actually taken aback by the fact that this was not enough. This visual dashboard was not enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why? Because formulating patient problems from interpreting a general multi-purpose dashboard with all of this data is cognitively demanding and requires expertise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not like a lack of not addressing their needs. It's a lack of, you know, having this multi-purpose dashboard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Still requires too much work. So yes, interaction allows to generate the relevant visual representations of data.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But our work suggests that technology must go the extra mile in perfectly aligning with the user's information needs by providing shortcuts to the created data views that present only the most important information relevant to our clinical context here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And basically this is what we did by re-centering our focus on the, uh, preeminent goals of the clinicians, which both, uh, boils down to a simple question. What are the patient's problems? That's the, the seed problem that they wanted to, uh, to address. And these visual dashboard, uh, don't support that or need the extra work from the clinician to do, uh, that themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in a sense, the way it works, our approach combines the power of checklists as a systematic and reliable way of going over potential problems in patients and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interactive, I'm not showing the entire system here, but just very quickly. The way the system works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On top of every bed, you would see like this, you know, patient problems, uh, you know, view of, of every, like, you know, of the patients in, in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what I meant by, you know, having those created views based on the patient problem, you see our checklist of problem is still visible here on the left. And the way it works here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the team say, oh, okay, let's look at, you know, the fluid creep problem that we have for this patient. As you go, you can go and click.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, or just over this particular problem and what the system does, it creates the view of like the more general dashboard for you to focus on just the information that is relevant to that particular problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which you can always recontextualize, uh, in the larger dashboard, but we have those shortcuts to like the relevant views that we can consult with only the information relevant to the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and everything else being, you know, uh, pruned out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surely enough, interaction is great to super dynamic generation of the visual representation that is most appropriate to the task at hand. And I'm a huge proponent of that. Like don't show everything at once. Give the user, you know, the possibility of interacting so that they can build the representation that is the most relevant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, to their task at the time they are working on the task.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I blindly rely on, on that interaction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are actually dangers to defer all of the work to the users, uh, as well. And it can, because it can be costly, uh, to them, timely and cognitively. So uhm, that's, that's the lesson from this particular work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interaction for sure have it, but you know, uh, it's important also to have those shortcuts and think about the preferred actions, uh, to the users.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the visual aspects of things is extremely important for us to make a quick judgment about what the object affords, that is what we can do with different objects. We have two teapots here and what's fascinating is that like immediately by looking at them we know exactly from the shape


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that we can also lift, you know, uh, this lead that we have on the top, again, grabbing this, uh, this handle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is well understood that the shape conveys the affordances of objects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, uh, we have a button, a written button, not because it's written button, but because,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and that's where I get back to my visual representation. Instead of having buttons and menus only with this physical properties, uh, we can leverage the power of visual representations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He pulls up an underlying mesh that you see here that he can directly manipulate to distort and adjust the strokes, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is, uh, what we, uh, call, uh, we have refining the act of refining the concept here of a stretchable canvas that we see here as a visual representation in the form of a mesh, uh, that we can use for input.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in our example we have, it was a shape preserving distortion of the drawing through a stretchable canvas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's another example, uh, where we implemented this idea of reification of input going beyond a spatial canvas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here we have that crazy idea of, uh, Simulitale with sleep painting in space and time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Powered by a motion flow that we have like, you know, as input for the system that we can, uh, for instance, compute from a video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that's what we propose with this, uh, with this technique that we call direct paint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you can draw in space in a typical canvas and within the same interaction you can invoke a temple path that is a visual representation that corresponds to the computed movement of the pixel you painted on and drawing along this path propagates the paints through time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that was the original video that you might want to paint over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And through this interaction, this reification of space and time, uh, you have, uh, you can create something like that in less than five minutes, uh, using this, uh, this approach, this visual representation for input.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Facilitated by that reification of the space-time dimension to support our goal of painting in space and through time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another example where we re-fy space and time, perhaps more traditionally this time, uh, that's the work from my, uh, former master's students, Vicky Birbidi, uh, who worked on that project. The use case here is personal planning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So within the day, there are many things that we're doing that involve different locations and different times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And recognizing that our lives are planned in both space and time


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this project, we sought to bridge the gap between traditional route mapping and time-scheduling tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To support a general proposed spatial temporal planning workflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To work in sync, so you have a map, you have a calendar, and they are synchronized. But more interestingly, we augment these by also integrating the notion of choice. This is what you see with this swipe motion that Vicky is performing on the demo. So this swipe motion that you saw here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To compare all of my different options in context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so we have actually a mechanism to support the specification of the choices. So for example, you can think of, you know, I have a bunch of locations I need to go to, uh, between, you know, 3 p.m. and 5 p.m. And I'd like to fit as many as possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the, the, the system can compute, you know, all of the different itineraries that are possible by trying to fit as many of those locations as possible, accounting for time, uh, you know, committing time, distance and so on and so forth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other types of choice would be like, you know, you have a list of different locations, but they all serve the same purpose. For example, like restaurants for lunch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we have that other notion of, you know, a choice, uh, which we call the one off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The system knows that it should pick one and only one of these options.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Time, but also the actual choices in the form of that scrolls through carousel, uh, in context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So remember, these were examples of representation as manipulable reification of concepts, uh, to be interacted with. And what's interesting here is, uh, that these reification are part of the system. That is, they have been designed by the system designer. So they're part of the design and we interact through them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But they don't have to be always, uh, by that I mean the user can actually also draw these reifications themselves. For instance, say that you want to create an animation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I bet Rubaiat will talk more in depth about all of these dynamic representations in a few weeks. I saw he was coming up in the schedule. But yeah, this system that we actually collaborated on together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, which is called Draco. We can, uh, uh, draw the intended spatial temporal behavior of the bubble that we have here in this animation. That is, we sketch the motion trajectory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a great concept of sketch-based interface, but what I'm trying to point out here is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, these sketches are themselves visual representations of concepts and ideas that users can, uh, offer directly for input. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visualization, uh, visual representations are output, and there are input too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And further bridging the tool, we can use, uh, these, uh, inputs, uh, to create a visual vocabulary relevant to the domain. These reifications of concepts, uh, and these can also be used as, uh, as output. So input, output.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, all, uh, two purposes for visual representations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of what it is like that we think is an appropriate visual representation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So looking back to visualization, visualizing data here, say that I decided to plot a day of activities relevant to exposure of germs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so I created that, uh, that particular visual design for like, you know, my data. Somebody cough is, uh, uh, in my vicinity. I touched another bread. I coughed myself. I touched my face. I washed my hands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I drew those things and I want them to be used as like graphical vocabulary to create my visualization.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is, uh, what a result in visualization could look like. I drew this one manually with the use of copy paste, but you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Point is like it was, it was still costly to, to, to, to design by hand. And so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where I'm going here is that you can use this visual representation that you decide yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To actually serve as input and that has vocabulary for your system, uh, to actually create an output. So that's where we, we bridge the gap. Like I use my drops in this example as input that becomes my, you know, different data element in this tool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And these data elements are like, you know, uh, being, um, uh, changed their, their aspect, their visual aspect, uh, based on the underlying data that I'm trying to represent instead of having to draw it, uh, myself. So these two data inks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, is, is, is facilitating that. You sketch your input and then you have like, you know, what we call lazy data binding, which is changing the graphical aspect of your different, you know, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I might go through, it's just a couple, uh, slides, so yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here, if we think about, uhm, one of the problems we have sometimes with, uh, what I call complex, you know, uhm, mergers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we have, for example, the world that, uh, four million and such, uh, four thousand million hectares of forest, uh, in, in 1990, and by 2015, this area had decreased to, uh, three thousand nine, uh, uh, almost four million hectares of forest. Uh, a net loss of, you know, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But really it's hard to imagine this, to really appreciate the magnitude of this information. How long is 25 years really?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To help with this kind of like, you know, complex measure, we can perhaps do something like this. This is equivalent to losing 20 soccer fields worth of forest every minute for 25 years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have something that we, uh, well understand here. A soccer field and a minute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we all know what a minute, uh, is like. Uh, we could plot that using charts and so, but how much would that help really? Does it really help?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not much because my argument is we still don't have quite that visceral reaction to that information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so we can do something like this, which is using visual representation, but expanding it like so that we have the dynamicity of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 20 soccer fields within a span of a minute and we saw the video, uh, and 14 here and we see that the person, even though they were trying to be as fast as possible, they failed. They didn't manage to color all of those soccer fields.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the point is, pal-losers, they don't fail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They get it every single minutes. They take down the trees every single minutes. Worth 20 soccer fields.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now perhaps through this visual representation, but also it's temporal, you know, kind of dimension to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, how I can make your experience of data make it more relatable to you rather than throwing numbers at you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Using visual representation, uh, that rely on, on common, you know, uhm, uh, familiar objects and notions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another example that I love to show is like, uh, it's not because of the magnitude always that, uh, complex measures are complex. It's also because the scale is complex in the first place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are the nutritional facts about, about these particular drinks? Uh, there is actually a 39 gram of sugar in a can.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Should we be concerned? Is that a lot? I don't know, this is a complex case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if we use a different visual representation that resonates, uh, with us, that is more familiar like short cubes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that's where we would, um, start to, to be, uh, seeing this data differently. This is worth 10 sugar cubes. 10 sugar cubes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's a notion that we explored, you know, we call these visual representation concrete scales where basically, you know, use traditional familiar objects to represent or re-express, you know, um, uh, unity so that you, you make them, uh, these, you know, magnitudes or complex, uh, scales more relatable to people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A way to open your mind on how visual representations can also be super powerful if they are used, uh, to facilitate a visceral experience of information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then there are a ton of opportunities to design an interesting meaningful reification of these concepts and ideas. Be it for


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so people like to use the metaphor of, you know, the hammer to qualify visual representation or visualization, like they are a powerful tool by that they can let us achieve, you know, great things, but they are also powerful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As in a destructive way, as we saw we can misuse or underuse, you know, the power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, I guess I think this hammer is a little too weak of a metaphor for the visual representation. I think visual representations are one of our most powerful tools actually in graphical user interfaces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, it would be more like the god of all of the armors with great powers. And that also requires, you know, like great responsibility and want to use widely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, head, uh, Tim's head, Nicolas Rousset, who loved to use the tool's hammer as, uh, to describe user interfaces, the power, uh, the power of them and visual representation as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's a very good question and one that I think more and more about, especially when we think about underlying data structure. So uhm, we have to think about, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, uh, at the core of those goals, uh, you know, if we were to talk no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so by that I mean like, you know, if we, if we are to think about, you know, the domain, what are the goals and really try to like understand these objects and concepts and from there,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We start to think about what would be a good representation, what would be the good, you know, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why not using like, you know, the traditional static, uh, like a horizontal, you know, uhm, timeline? Because it's, it's not the, the, the mess, the closest, you know, visual representation to the concept I'm really touching at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for these representation and interaction, that's where I think we can do that very, very, um, very powerful things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Title of the paper, you know, that I showed first, like the, the healthcare, uh, medical, you know, visual, uh, dashboard, uh, the actual title of this paper is more text please. Because we've been like, you know, uh, there's been a lot of pushing for like, you know, let's make everything visual. Let's summarize everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not only because the automating methods are not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, super perfect, but you know, there are plenty of subtleties in the text in the way that person, people captured, you know, uh, nuances in, in the.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So instead, yeah, I think there's a lot of, and I see more and more work going in that direction, trying to really like, you know, have them be combined. So visualization is useful too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make sense of like, you know, that informational space that our textual, you know, um, document, uh, or collection of documents might be. And it's used to summarize, get the big picture, but also navigate. And so they need to work in part. So yeah, absolutely. Text cannot be removed, uh, I think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, cannot always be like fully summarized, uh, and, and I think they have that, you know, they need an equal place. And at least that's what we found, you know, in this particular project. More text please, because it's, it's, um, it's too optimistic to believe that the visualization will, will capture all of the nuances in there. Does it, does it answer your question?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or you might be like, you know, uh, biased also by some of those. I haven't conducted experiments myself about the text, these text plus vids, uh, doing some of this work actually as of right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, investigating different ways of framing, you know, the text and the visualization, which Jessica Harmon has done also.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that, is that correct to the questions? Yes. Okay. Yeah, no, you're absolutely right. Those, uh, checklists are not completely, uh, would approve the rules actually that are behind them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are based on textbooks, like, you know, uh, rules, but, uh, God knows how many, uh, you know, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exceptions to the rules, they are because of the context, because of, you know, uh, something that is normal, like maybe some, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you don't show only the created views, but you show this general purpose, um, dashboard. Now we haven't explicitly evaluated that, uh, and, um, and quantified or characterized that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You were hanging out with a friend of mine and you came over to my house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but that was a fucking really weird coincidence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I've just been watching you do your thing. I'm like, that girl signed my culture one time for like 20 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell me about how you made this decision to sort of get into the music thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, so this doesn't overlap with his current relationship?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, that's what's up. And so that just really like sparked the creativity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but I'm saying, it's not like I'm worried about me, I'm pretty sure I'm fine as a podcaster at 35, but just the idea that at 21 that a girl's like sort of getting into the-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah. Uhm, okay, let's go all the way back in time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so were you always the cool girl in school and stuff or is this like a, are you like a little bit of a late bloomer?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you moved to Atlanta and how do you start meeting people or like what were the early connections that you made?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so at first were you just doing like, like cameos and videos and shit like that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What level you got in your life before the bad and bougie video came out? Did that like level you up like crazy? Because that video has literally like billions of views, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that the name of the game as like a video girl that you have to like really pick your spots about what videos to be in?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could you have like a real overweight girl in your squad or does it not work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good. Uhm, that's very woke of you. Yeah, I was trying to catch you slipping there. No, no, no, no. No, it's not gonna happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everybody's bad in their own way. Yeah, exactly. Right, exactly. Uhm, okay, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There you go. So was somebody like courting you, like really trying to get you to be in the video, or was it just, it kinda, it just happened?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. Yeaah. Definitely. Uhm, so, how'd you start dating Cardi? What happened with that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, this is old school. A lot of people don't remember that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, that's what I was about to say. But yeaah, okay. So, so you guys went to a show together? What was that like? It was a really romantic first date?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's an important thing. The world needs nice women to let struggling, up and coming rappers stay on their couch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so you never thought about making music throughout the relationship until this later breakup?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't want it. I mean, I'm sure there's plenty of DJs out there doing all kinds of shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You said your name, like, fuck this Ruby Rose bitch, what the fuck is wrong with me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if he should be in that relationship, I'm gonna be honest with you. It seems kinda, like, if you're a rapper, how you dating a girl who's worried about the girls in the music video? Aside from the fact that-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nah, but my girl knows that she can't be like trippin' about some stupid shit, cause I'll just like, ehm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nice. There it is. Uhm, so, when you finally decided to like actually start going with the music thing, what kind of path did you take with it? Like, cause I know you're signed to LA Reid now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you felt like people were real enthusiastic about it, like right away, like you just didn't really have that much of a hard time on convincing people that you were for real?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, just in terms of like, getting the whole, like, you were going to the studio with everybody, and how did you start to, like, when you first got on tracks, did you just not know what to do, or what was your mentality?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's what's up. Uhm, okay, and so then did you do a bunch of label meetings or?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's an interesting standard, because I bet there's a lot of people out there that would agree with that, but then...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and you're bringing more to the situation, chances are too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, it can be hard to balance having like a really active dating social life with like being really active with your career, I feel like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They just get too competitive. Well yea, but you also go for these like upper echelon ass dudes that are the types of dudes that are like super competitive. Like you kinda have to be super competitive to be a really really popular rapper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I was watching the DJ Small Eyes interview.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's cool? Okay. I don't want to be dissing him over and over, but I just, I keep interviewing girls where I watch them before I do the interview on his shit, and it's just like, so have you ever thought about getting breast implants?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So do you think that you might be hanging out with too many wild ass gay dudes? They seem like they're causing problems for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For you to listen to Iggy Azalea the same way now that she's dating your ex.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think they are too. If they were just trying to look hot for TMZ, the photo would have looked very different. I think it looked like, oh, like here it was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah. Damn, so that doesn't make you feel some kind of way to like see like a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A guy like him just going for the Australian category, you know, like feel kinda jealous and be like, come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, is it hard to kind of like get people to take you serious given that you are just like, like you're known as a model in a video game and now you're doing the music thing? Do you feel like it's hard to make your fans like really get on board with the concept?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what was it about that song? How many songs did you make before you landed on Big Mouth and you were like, that's the one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. What the fuck are you doing with three phones?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the red, does the red mean anything? There's a lot of bloods in Atlanta. Of course. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. You don't claim like a particular set or anything?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll leave it to the comments to figure out exactly what your gang affiliation is. Uhm, I know this is like the question that every female rapper hates to be asked, but I gotta do it. Nikki or Cardi, which one would you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are both lit. I was like, I was just overseas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is kinda scary. Are you gonna hop on an Old Town Road remix? No. You're not gonna do it. But you're from Kentucky. You might have some of that swag in you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a fact. How do you feel about like the whole, sort of like there's a moment in hip hop going on right now. There's a shitload of female rappers that were doing good for themselves and was never really like this before. Megan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They all three basically like won their ciphers, if you ask me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was the last one that came out, her, Roddy, Rich, and... Blueface? Maybe? I forget. Who else? No, Corday? Maybe? I forget. But, either way, like, they all went cra- like, they didn't have to go that hard. One of them could've sucked, right? But they all went crazy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you aspire as the double XL list, something that you're like thinking about?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another single. Yes. When is the video for Big Mouth again? Bro.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] CMB. Uhm, okay. So, lots to, uh, look forward to. I'm excited. Proud of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's gonna be a big year. Yeah. Hopefully nobody wants to fight us after this podcast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever. Uhm, free- free all those girls on Orange is the New Black, my favorite reality show. Yup. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, Ruby Rose, no drummer, coolest podcast in the world, check us out on YouTube, Soundcloud, and iTunes. Like, comment, subscribe. Slat, also.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hare Krishna. Thank you very much for joining today with us. It's an honor and a pleasure to have you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I also spent some time in the Krishna house, I think two, two and a half years ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have written the song Divine, which is a very beautiful recitation, rendition of the Bhagavad Gita in English poetry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I came to Krishna house, I also saw how you created one of the few, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the sense that you got a, it is of course your personal dedication and vision, but also apart from that, there are the logistics of the model are such that they are applicable and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was very inspired by that and recently I know that you also written a book on that topic. So, I have, you know, I'm based in India but I keep traveling abroad and especially the America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I would like to discuss with you about the challenges and opportunities of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When bhakti wisdom is to be presented to the west, to a western mind, and how you have dealt with those challenges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe you could tell us a little bit about the history of the Krishna house and how you started getting, how you took it up and how it has grown. Then we could discuss about more conceptual things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Krishna house started before, sorry just to interview, Krishna house started before the Alachua temple?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something just situated in, as a community, not like a scattered congregation. Correct.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we have one youth camp, say we have, Pune has annual youth retreat in Mayapur.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I have been to America and I have seen that it's so difficult. In fact, Duttakarmapuru told me that he wrote a paper called a dystopian scenario from the year 2050.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who are, who are Americans. The movement is going on primarily because of the Indians.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if not many devotees joining 325 over a period of 15 years, that is a, this started in 2006, you said. So roughly maybe the course started in 2008.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it is a significant number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, and even in India, ISKCON was filled with western devotees. Indians became life members but not really committed devotees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So but now even in America, we have more Indians than non-Indians. So you mentioned a couple of points. One was that the threshold became very high.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So could you explain that and other factors that led to this?


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[Assistant] Can you give examples of what you would mean? Because in one sense, if you consider the dress, I would say that Prabhupada himself introduced the dress.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Prabhupada was quite proud of, proud in the spiritual sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you like you can do it, but even if you don't do it, still you can join and you can be a part of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I never thought that there could be a significant difference between the 1960s and the 1970s.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you for the succinct history of ISKCON and especially in the West. Now, were there


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There were practical logistical factors by which our demographics shifted to Indians.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But where there are also broader cultural factors because of which our appeal to westerners went down, because maybe when Propad came, the counterculture was there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it something to, so the dropping of the westerners in our movement


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How much is it affected by the broader cultural changes in America? And did you also need to address that to consider how we can get Westerners to come again?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can be shared independent of the broader cultural context. Whatever changes may be there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's always going to be, the people who are interested in serious spirituality are going to be few. And those few are always going to be there. So if we just provide a conducive environment, they will come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now going further about the conducive environment. So one was with respect to the dress and are there any other factors which


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or maybe the second time, after the class we were talking and you said to something


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You said something to me which actually I wondered whether it was an appreciation or a criticism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the first thing you said, you said several things. The first thing you said is that you are not uncomfortable around women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I think the gender dynamics are quite different in India and in the West. Was that also a factor, I think you mentioned also that you have co-education over there. So, was that also a factor which you had to consider?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, initiating non-indians to become brahmanas, sannyasis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Giving Brahman Diksha to women, engaging women basically in various ways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Building temples without necessarily conforming to traditional architectural norms about how temples are to be built.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course India. I'm talking about temples in India.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, it's interesting, again, I really need to process this a little bit more about ideation in 77 and 67.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chaitanya Chatham with commentary is more his mature, uh, his mature realizations of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the core principles are not going, they're going to be eternally the same. But we do see some amount of evolution. Now often it's a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Varanashram has become the caste system and it has failed and we just need to share Krishna conscious directly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of the Brahma Prabhupada statements go towards becoming a little stronger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With respect to his position on science and how atheism is being propagated in the name of science, he seems to become much stronger. His journey to other planets has a very non-confrontational tone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas in the 1976-77 some of his classes, they seem to have a much more confrontational mood to them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And even life comes from life also, although that's a different saga, you know, that book has not been most accurately represented. But, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or at least what I grew up with is that as the movement matured, Prabhupada also tried to take it more and more toward the tradition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what he did initially was the adjustment which was required for that time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what he did later was, was he tried to bring it back to the tradition and because he was representing the tradition, so in a sense he would have wanted us to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now Prabhupada never specifically said like that, but I have heard this argument being made that what Prabhupada wanted


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you consider the evolution of Prabhupada's thought, so you are saying that it not necessarily gone more towards the tradition, but it's also gone more towards the adaptation. I hope I articulated myself clearly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's interesting, so you are saying that it is not necessarily...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the proximity may not cause agitation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they've been used to it in the past and it's not so much of a forbidden fruit because much has been experienced already.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so many people would want a break from the dating, uh, dating game basically. So all that is fine, but uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the proximity may not create agitation, that's fine, but how does the proximity decrease agitation? There are two distinct things. One is the proximity may not cause agitation, but how will it decrease agitation?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unless you are going to say, develop a kind of relationship and then there's a family.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, of course I had no experience of a co-ed living, so I don't know how it works, but I don't know how the presence of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the woman just waits and then all the men move aside so that she can move on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you know, that was the cultural standard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, I think this is, this criticism of Grihastha Ashram is, which is very counterproductive. Because, I think in the last maybe 10 years or so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For most of our audience, as you said, almost everybody is going to become a grahastha. So that I fully agree that almost demonization of grahastha ashram is terrible. In fact, there is a lecture of Prabhupada where he says,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this was a revolution for many devotees when I shared with them and the purpose of Grahastha Ashram is to be happy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in marriage, when you are performing the yajna, you are invoking the blessings of the god so that you can be happy in the grahasthashtra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I feel there is a matter of context. Bhagavatam is also spoken to when he is about to die and he has already renounced the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether he would have really been encouraged to look at his family members.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In that way, when he was in his family life, he was open to questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I appreciate this. I had noticed this when I had come to Krishna house and I remember when I was giving the Bhagavatam class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And normally we have versus citation. I said, ladies, you said we don't have that. I'd appreciated that. And it's, it's attention to subtlety, which is quite, uh, I would say it's, it's, it's profound. So just a few points to trace it backward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am uncomfortable with the characterization of the distancing among the genders that is in India.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As, uh, as a result of the bodily conception. Because, if we do that, then it is...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we are basically calling the whole tradition as based on bodily conception because the division of roles and the distancing between the genders, uh, has been very much a part of the tradition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so, you know, I'll just let me put the other side also.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Labeling the tradition or labeling what is going on in India or what is propagated in India and it is not always been propagated in India. India is also changing now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But calling that as a bodily conception is, I feel, very polarizing. And conversely, like you said that what you are doing is not feminism, but as in the Indians are,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I feel bodily conception, feminism, these two are labels which are quite polarizing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean maybe if you like we could discuss both of these. So there is a certain amount


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gender Distancing and Gender Differentiation. That is integral to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, Indian culture, and I would say it's not just Indian culture, it was there even in the West. Maybe if you go back 50 or 100 years ago,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was not so much that men and women would bingle freely. So it's relatively recent. So for example, if you consider the British society 200 years ago,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There would be very formalized occasions when, say, the lords and the ladies, when they would have a woman coming out for having a season and only during the dances they would meet. At that time, they couldn't just even casually chat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the distancing was there in all traditions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Calling what has been a part of the spiritual tradition of India, what has been a part of humanity's tradition across the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As, as simply bodily conception I feel is unfair and counterproductive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, so there are no email, no electronic communication. I said that's quite strict. So it's more that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There has to be a certain amount of gender differentiation and gender distancing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I appreciate earlier what you said that Prabhupada was very pragmatic. So we need


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For our leaders at each particular place to recognize what are the needs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And do the, and give them the freedom to do what is required to reach to people over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's a couple of points now. When we talk about,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is, uh, gender distancing is I think okay, beyond that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we go further, overall there is a philosophy of, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Often Krishna Consciousness, at least when it started, we started as a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, often there has been a ethos of world rejection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, and that manifests either externally as renunciation


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The whole material aspect of life, family, career, social engagement and everything else, that comes thereafter. So, now, how much, if we consider Prabhupada himself from his example, Prabhupada was more of a missionary. If you look at his own life, he was quite a bit of a missionary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, as devotees, if we consider the Indians in America,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are quite well established in their careers. They are quite well rooted in their family.


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[Assistant] So, if one is practicing bhakti seriously, and how much


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[Assistant] That's striking, yeah. And we have, I think, words by Jiyu Goswami and Rupa Goswami. Gopayete. Guru Gopayete. Keep your Guru a secret.


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[Assistant] I mean, I think we have already talked a long time. I will just ask a couple of questions and then if you want to add something, you can add us and conclude it.


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[Assistant] So, do you feel this model is replicable and have you also tried to replicate it elsewhere and how have been the results?


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[Assistant] And I think, uh, another question I'm going to ask is, I think you also written a book, maybe you could tell a little bit about your book so that it could be available if someone wants it.


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[Assistant] And I think that also plays out in gender relationships then.


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[Assistant] You know, uh, feminism also has had many generations.


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[Assistant] And now they call it second or third generation which is radical or some people even call it toxic feminism.


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[Assistant] Rejection of the whole family structure as a patriarchal construct and there is, there is almost a looking down of women who want to play traditional gender roles.


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[Assistant] In fact, there's a feminist who said that women should be forbidden.


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[Assistant] And there is of course a demonization of men as exploiters.


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[Assistant] And that is destructive to society entirely.


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[Assistant] So how do we draw the boundaries from it going into a form of feminism that is destructive?


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[Assistant] The families that are formed, because that is not just a challenge in the broader world.


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[Assistant] I think more for western devotees in ISKCON.


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[Assistant] So one of the, one of the concerns is that modernity, now these are all very big


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[Assistant] In terms of family life's longevity and stability.


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[Assistant] And do you also have some norms for say courting or like that or that you leave it up to them individually?


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[Assistant] I think, like you said, if you started in 2006, it's still quite young and you do not have many devotees here.


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[Assistant] Yes, one thing I realized over the years is that maybe a generation ago,


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[Assistant] or political alliances or maybe parental decisions.


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[Assistant] That sort of conception only is not there. If this is not working, why should I be over here?


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[Assistant] So then it's going to be a challenge for any societal structure. And I think in India also as it is becoming westernized,


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[Assistant] Whatever we do, we will have to deal with the challenges. But at least we are getting, from what you are saying, we are getting people to come and practice bhakti.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And add Krishna to their lives and then subsequent life challenges.