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[Assistant] And you can see this, this is the standard origin of the prisoner's dilemma. Why it's called a prisoner's dilemma. Uhm, but you can see this all over the place. So here's the logic.


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[Assistant] The best case for you is to defect while the other person cooperates. The worst case is to cooperate while the other person defects.


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[Assistant] Back to the police thing, the best case for you is to give up all the information, the other guy stays silent, you cut a deal, you walk home that day. The worst case is, you're quiet, he cuts a deal, you go to prison for life. But overall, the best is to each cooperate, and overall the worst for both is if each defect.


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[Assistant] And the reason that makes this tragic is this. Regardless of what your opponent does, it pays to defect. But if both people defect, both are worse off.


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[Assistant] I'll give a couple of other examples. Oh, that's just to show that there's a cartoon corresponding to the prisoner's dilemma. It is that common. Here's the idea. I, uhm, I break up with my wife.


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[Assistant] We've been married for a while, we've decided we're not going to go through it together anymore, and we break up. We're living in separate houses and we're starting to talk divorce. It occurs to me, here's me. I put that, that's me.


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[Assistant] So neither one of us get a divorce lawyer. We'll just do okay. We'll get a mediator, we'll split the money down the middle, that'll be okay. But I'm kind of tempted, if I get a divorce lawyer,


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[Assistant] And she doesn't, and she doesn't. My divorce lawyer will take everything she got. I get everything, she loses everything. Maybe I should be nice. Hold it. What if she gets a divorce lawyer and I don't? Well then, I'll lose everything, she'll get everything. Well, we should both get a divorce lawyer then. But we both do pretty badly.


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[Assistant] Imagine we're two countries, country A and country B. Should I do nuclear disarmament? That's pretty good. We'd do okay if we both countries disarmed.


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[Assistant] You know, we'll live our lives, you know, we'll raise taxes, we'll do whatever countries do. But wouldn't it be cool if I build up my weaponry and they don't? I'll invade, take everything they got.


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[Assistant] That's kinda tempting. Uh oh. Also, if I don't do anything and they do it, they'll invade my country. Take everything. So we both build up our weaponry, and we both do pretty badly.


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[Assistant] Once you start thinking about things this way, uhm, there's no end to the sort of notions that could fall under the prisoner's dilemma. Uhm, a good example is a drug deal. Suppose I want to buy a marijuana from you, or uhm, or a reefer, as they call it on the street.


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[Assistant] Oh cool, okay good. And I think that's pretty good. Thousand bucks, I get the reefer, get a thousand bucks, that's really good. That's okay, that's the normal thing.


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[Assistant] But now something occurs to me. Nobody's gonna go to the cops if things go badly. So instead of doing, bringing the money, why not just bring a gun?


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[Assistant] You come with your reefer, I stick a gun in your face, take the reefer, go home.


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[Assistant] Maybe I won't do that. But now I worry. Cause you're thinking the same thing.


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[Assistant] So you could show up with a gun, stick the gun in my face, take the thousand bucks, go home, I'll have no reefer. What will I smoke?


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[Assistant] Well, that's not as bad for either one of us if, if I had, I, you had a gun and I didn't have a gun.


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[Assistant] But still, we're both worse off than if we could cooperate and just do the damn trade.


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[Assistant] And so, that's the structure of the prisoner's dilemma. You can only appreciate the prisoner's dilemma by actually doing it.


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[Assistant] And then please find a partner with whom to play one game.


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[Assistant] And just think, it is actually best if you've never met or spoken to the person you're about to deal with.


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[Assistant] And the game is, when I say go, simply show the person your choice. To be clear, if you are player one and you cooperate, and player two cooperates as well, you each get three dollars.


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[Assistant] Find a person next to you and you get to play again. And you get to play five games in a row. Play five games in a row and keep score.


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[Assistant] And he put together a competition where people brought in computer programs to play this game, to play The Prisoner's Dilemma.


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[Assistant] Crime number solutions and prototype responses, genetic algorithms crafted to figure out what the other person was doing and sussed them out.


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[Assistant] Was developed by Anatole Rappaport and Anatole Rappaport actually died about a month ago. Uhm, at quite an old age. Uh, great scientist. What was interesting about this was


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[Assistant] And it worked very simple. It took four lines of basic code. The first time you meet a new program, cooperate. The first time you meet somebody, be nice.


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[Assistant] After that, do on each trial what the other program did on the previous trial. This beats 62 others.


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[Assistant] And here's why. It has certain beautiful features. It starts friendly. Remember, the best long-term solution is everybody's be- everybody's nice. It starts off nice. But you can't- it's not a sucker. If you screw with it, it will- it will defect back on the next turn.


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[Assistant] You want to get nice with it? Be nice. If you're nice, it'll be nice back at you later on. As long as they're transparent. Nothing complicated about it. And that's actually important. It's not merely that it's not a sucker and forgiving. Uhm, more to the point, uhm,


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[Assistant] It is, uhm, it is, you could tell it's not a sucker. And you could tell it's forgiving.


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[Assistant] And this very powerful algorithm learned to cooperate, even in a situation, and, and helped, learned to make it out the best, even in a situation where there's a risk of cheating and betrayal.


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[Assistant] Some psychologists have argued that our emotions correspond to the different permutations on the prisoner's dilemma.


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[Assistant] We like people who cooperate with us. This motivates us to be nice to them in the future.


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[Assistant] Much as a tit for tat algorithm, uhm, says, if you're nice to me now, I'll be nice to you back.


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[Assistant] We don't like being screwed with. We feel anger and distrust towards those betrayers. That motivates us to betray or avoid them in the future.


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[Assistant] And we feel bad when we betray somebody who cooperates with us. This motivates us to behave better in the future. Uhm, you can break down the cells of the prisoner's dilemma in terms of emotions that they give rise to.


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[Assistant] I didn't experiment last night with my seven year old and my ten year old.


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[Assistant] I explained to them the prisoner's dilemma. I didn't give the divorce lawyer example.


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[Assistant] But, and I, and we gave him a big thing of chocolate chips. And, and the good chocolate chips. We had the good chocolate, and we had the Matrix, and we had them play.


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[Assistant] Now what they did isn't so interesting, but what's interesting is


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[Assistant] Okay, some of you. Very simple. Choose a partner is a very simple game.


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[Assistant] When economists study this, they actually do this with real money.


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[Assistant] Most from this side is A, the other one is B. Here's a very simple rule.


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[Assistant] If you accept it, you agree to take home the money, and A, keeps whatever's left, or reject it. If you reject it, you get nothing. Nobody gets anything.


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[Assistant] So this game cards in two steps. The first thing I'd like, A, to turn to B, and make your offer.


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[Assistant] Because the person who offered who accepted one dollar was being rational.


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[Assistant] One dollar is better than no dollars. Uhm, so the psychology of human rationality is such that, that from a logical point of view, you should reason one dollar is better than nothing. A rational person should accept one dollar, and because we're smart, A should offer one dollar. But not many of you offered one dollar. Why? Because you know people are not purely rational.


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[Assistant] So responses to provocations, to assaults will always be measured and appropriate. If you know I'm rational, and you're in a sharing situation with me, you could say to me, hey, here's a dollar. Hey, Mr. Rational, a dollar's better than nothing. Okay. Because I'm rational. Uhm, similarly, you could mess with me.


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[Assistant] Because you could like harass me in all sorts of ways, take things that I own, as long as you reason that a rational person wouldn't start a fuss about this.


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[Assistant] There's some advantage to being irrational. To having a temper.


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[Assistant] Head over heels in love is irrational, but it's also, within certain parameters, endearing.


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[Assistant] The irrationality of the person means you can trust them more in the long run. Just like the irrationality of somebody who has a temper means you don't mess with them as much.


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[Assistant] The studies have been done more with regard to violence than with love.


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[Assistant] And in fact, the irrationality, the benefits of irrational violence, uhm, have been translated in terms of, uhm, the study of homicide and other crimes. Uh, Daly and Wilson,


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[Assistant] Most murder is not rational in its response. Most murder is generated by insult, curse, petty infraction.


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[Assistant] Manly virtue is the capacity for violence. To turn to other cheek is not saintly but stupid, or contemptibly weak. If I show myself a rational person when picked on or harassed,


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[Assistant] I'll be known as somebody you could pick on and harass.


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[Assistant] And the point is that the violence is due to people disrespecting each other, or giving a dirty look. And you might think, isn't that irrational?


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[Assistant] Importance of a reputation for violence differs from culture to culture.


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[Assistant] And I've been talking so far in this class, and in fact so far in this course, uhm, about universals, about things that are built in, things that show up across humans and other animals. Uhm, I want to turn now and end this lecture


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[Assistant] By talking a little bit about a cultural difference. And it's a psychologically interesting cultural difference with regard to the emotions.


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[Assistant] And it's built around a difference, uhm, turning around what sociologists call cultures of honor.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a culture of honor has certain properties. You can't rely on the law.


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[Assistant] And uhm, and it has resources that are easily taken. And sociologists have argued that when those conditions are met,


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[Assistant] It becomes important to develop a reputation for violent retaliation.


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[Assistant] That becomes important. Uhm, examples of culture of honours include Scottish Highlanders, Maasai warriors, Bedouin tradesmen, and Western cowboys. All cases where there's resources such as cattle that are vulnerable and easily taken, but you can't count on calling 911 and having people come help you.


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[Assistant] But the culture of honor that's been studied the most by modern psychologists is the American South.


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[Assistant] So it took, uhm, Richard Nisbet and Dove Cohen to study cultures of honors and look at differences. And they found some interesting differences. Uhm, gun laws tend to be more permissive in the southern, in the American South than the American North.


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[Assistant] Um, corporal punishment and capital punishment tend to be, uh, more approved of. Attitudes towards the military are more positive. In a questionnaire studies people are more forgiving towards cultures of honor. Somebody insults my woman and I punch him in the face. Um, this is considered less bad in the American South than the American North.


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[Assistant] There's a higher rate of violence, but only in certain circumstances. The streets of the American South as a rule are not more dangerous than the American North. The difference is, there's a higher rate of crimes that are crimes of honor.


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[Assistant] Such as, for instance, if somebody breaks into my house, me shooting him. Or if somebody insults me, me killing him.


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[Assistant] Now, this is sort of survey studies. So, Nisbet and Cohen did one of the more interesting psychological studies I have ever heard of. And they did this.


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[Assistant] At uhm, just sorry, this is Nisbet and Wilson. They did this with University of Michigan undergraduates.


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[Assistant] White males who are not Hispanic and not Jewish. That was their sample.


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[Assistant] Culture of honor is a phenomenon limited to males, and they wanted to make a sort of a clean study, so they wanted to focus, get a homogeneous sample, so not Hispanic, not Jewish, and they provoked them.


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[Assistant] That there were differences in the stress response. On average, males from the American South showed higher hormone response and stress response than males in the American North. Increases in testosterone and cortisol.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there's also differences in later behavior. Uhm, the merit, the people suggested that they were made angry. Uhm, they gave differences in fill-in-the-blank questions, for instance.


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[Assistant] So there's two points I want to make regarding this. One is, of course, these are average differences. Uhm, not every northerner and southerner would differ along these lines.


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[Assistant] But another one is, I think the effect is real, but it's not entirely clear that it reflects poorly on the cultures of honor, as opposed to other cultures. So Nisbet, for instance, is himself a Southerner, and he points out that when he went to the North, he was most astonished by how rude people are.


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[Assistant] And this is because the North, American North, is not particularly a culture of honor. Uhm, and so, and so, there's less proper behavior towards other people because there's no fear of retaliation or response. Uhm, moreover, uhm, the culture of honor, honor virtues, like uhm,


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[Assistant] Honor, loyalty, courage, and self-reliance are on the face of it not necessarily bad things.


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[Assistant] In any case, uhm, this is an interesting example of how there's an evolutionary background.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but culture modifies and shifts it in different ways. More generally uhm,


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[Assistant] An analysis that starts from an evolutionary approach. So to bring us back to Darcy Thompson, uhm, everything is the way it is because it got that way. And your reading response for this week is, is that. And uhm,


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[Assistant] And I wish you good luck on the exam on Wednesday. I'll see you there.


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[Assistant] Illustrated by Signe Norden.


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[Assistant] Air drop here. Almost out of large caliber rounds. Almost out of shells. Ammo depot here. Ammo here. Armor pouch here. Assault rifle here. Assault the flag. ATV destroyed. Back in the fight. Below you. Boat destroyed. Bomb droid deployed. Calling in some smoke. Can someone buy me back in? Cancel that. Careful. Careful.


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[Assistant] Enemy lethal's here! Careful! That vehicle's about to blow! Cash here! Changing mags! Ugh!


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[Assistant] COVERING YOUR SIX! DEFEND THE BOMB! DEFEND THE CARRIER! DEFEND THE DEVICE! DEFEND THE FLAG! DEFEND THE HVI! DEFEND THE OBJECTIVE!


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[Assistant] Defend the package! Defending here! Diffuse the charge! Diffuse the device! Diffuse the objective!


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[Assistant] Defuse the package! Defuse the target! Deploying cover! Deploying decoy! Deploying portable radar! Deploying Wilson! Destroy the bomb! Destroy the device! Destroy the flag! Destroy the HVT! Destroy the package! Destroy the target! Direct hit! Enemy VTOL coming down! Doors jammed.


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[Assistant] Need to find another infill point. Door's locked. Down to me. Let's do this.


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[Assistant] Drop point set. Drop zone marked. Send it. Dropped him! Dropping some armor. EKIA! Eliminate the device! Eliminate the HVT! Eliminate the package! Eliminate the target! Enemy air support active in the AO! Enemy ammo box destroyed! Enemy bird down! Enemy camera destroyed!


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[Assistant] Enemy covers down! Enemy decoys down! Enemy down! Enemy down! Enemy drone destroyed! Enemy fighter here! Enemy gunship destroyed! Enemy infantry! Enemy juggernaut destroyed! Enemy killstreaks active here! Enemy movement! Enemy recon drone destroyed!


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[Assistant] Enemy riot shield! Enemy sentry down! Enemy sniper! Enemy sound veil destroyed! Enemy special forces here! Enemy special mission unit in the area! Enemy tac insert offline! Enemy trophies offline! Enemy truck neutralized! Enemy UAV down!


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[Assistant] Enemy vehicle! Enemy Wilson destroyed! Enemy wounded! Engage the HVT! Engaging this location! Eyes up!


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[Assistant] Friendly recon overhead! Get back! That wreck's gonna blow! Get some! Get to the bomb!


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[Assistant] Get to the device! Get to the package! Go for counter UAV marking coordinates! Going dark! Good work! Got a custom weapon here! Got a hardened fighter here! Got a pistol here! Got a revive shot for ya! Got a wreck here! Got air support here! Got an airstrike here! Got armor here! Got eyes here! Got eyes on an enemy stronghold! Got eyes on the objective!


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[Assistant] Got eyes on the package! Got myself up! Got recon here! Got room for another gun! Got visual on a boss!


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[Assistant] Got enemy tactical gear here! Hell no! Hell of a game. Hilo is down!


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[Assistant] Hey! Hostile armor box destroyed! HVT located, let's move! HVT spotted! I could use that ammo!


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[Assistant] I could use that weapon. I got room in my kit. I got the gun. I got you. I got you. I got your back. I need a field upgrade. I need a kill streak. I need a revive. I need a ride. I need a tac grenade. I need a weapon. I need cash. I need large caliber rounds. I need lethals. I need machine gun rounds.


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[Assistant] I need medical! I need mid-caliber rounds! I need pistol rounds! I need rockets! I need shotgun shells!


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[Assistant] I saw the light there. I'll drive. I'll pilot. I'll take a ride. I'll take point. I'll take that. I'll take that armor. I'm back on station! I'm bleeding out here! I'm down!


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[Assistant] Leave me! Lethal's here! Let's join forces! Let's land here! LMG marked! LMG rounds here! Loadout drop inbound! Loadout marked! Loot cache here! Loot here! Loot here! Looting here! Marked a marksman rifle! Marked an SMG! Marking buy station! Marking contract! Marking enemy! Marking enemy airdrop!


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[Assistant] Marking extraction zone. Marking extraction zone. Marking gas mask. Marking self revive. Marking shotgun shells. Marking sniper system. Melee weapon here. Mortar support incoming! Move on the bomb! Move on the device! Move on the package! Move on the target! Move to the flag!


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[Assistant] Moving here. Multiple movers! Multiple shooters! Need armor here. Negative. Neutralize the explosive! No, thank you! Objective located, let's move!


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[Assistant] On me! On my location! On your six! Out there! Personnel carrier down! Planted cluster mine!


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[Assistant] Recon drone active! Regroup on my mark! Reloading! Reloading! Requesting immediate support! Return the device! Return the flag! Return the HVT! Return the package! Return with the explosive! Return with the objective! Riot shield here! Rockets here! Roger, got eyes on the vehicle! Roger that. Rover destroyed!


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[Assistant] Run it back! Running out of pistol rounds! Running out of rockets! Secure the device! Secure the explosive! Secure the flag! Secure the HVT! Secure the juggernaut! Secure the objective! Secure the package! Sentry gun deployed!


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[Assistant] Sitting eyes here! SHIT BAD GUYS! Shotgun here! Small caliber rounds here! Sniper's down! Sniper's got me sighted! Someone beat us here. Suboptimal!


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[Assistant] That was close. That wasn't terrible. That's how you get it done! This has been looted! This door is closed. Threat neutralized! You're clear! Threat's in the area! Throwing grenade! To your east! To your north! To your northeast! To your northwest! To your south! To your southeast! To your southwest! To your west! Gah! Took a round! Gah!


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[Assistant] We got a field upgrade active here. We got air support here. We got lethal equipment here. We got tactical gear here. Well played. You know it. Wanna roll with us? 1-1 requesting CAS at this time. 1-1 requesting recon at this time. Activating DDoS. Activating suppression mine here. Advanced infantry here. Affirm.


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[Assistant] Brother of Wester's fiance. He stole the memory stick. Killed his perspective brother in law.


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[Assistant] Idiots! Why do we re-elect this guy?


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[Assistant] People! Springfield is now the only town in America that has snow this Christmas! So tourists are going to want to come here! Stay in our hotel!


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[Assistant] There's a great and a bloody fight around this whole world tonight In the battle of bombs and shrapnel rain Hitler told the world around he would tear our Union down But our Union's gonna break them slavery chains And our Union's gonna break them slavery chains


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[Assistant] I walked up on a mountain in the middle of the sky. Could see every farm and every town. I could see all the people in this whole wide world. That's a union that'll tear the fascists down, down, down.


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[Assistant] Alright, hear me now. What Batman is saying is, the boy them are some novice, seein'?


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[Assistant] You'll go find it when you go up on the corner of alpha and salt buttons.


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[Assistant] Let me begin by just reminding us where we are in this course.


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[Assistant] Reminding ourselves of what we've done and what we have yet to do. We started by talking about the brain, the physical basis of thought,


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[Assistant] And then we move to some general introductions to some foundational ideas in the study of psychology, Freud and Skinner.


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[Assistant] We spent a bit of time on more cognitive stuff, development, language, vision, memory. Then we took a little break and the dean told us about love.


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[Assistant] Then we dealt with the emotions. Uh, the emotions, rationality and evolution. And a lot of that, what we learned, particularly regarding evolution of the mind, um, provided supporting material for what follows.


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[Assistant] Next week, social thought and social behavior.


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[Assistant] Mental illness, two lectures on madness, what can go wrong in your minds, and a last lecture on happiness.


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[Assistant] We're going to deal with three facets of morality. We're going to talk about moral feelings, moral judgments, and then moral action, with particular focus on why good people do bad things, uhm, which will lead us to review and discuss the Milgram study.


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[Assistant] Now moral feelings is what we'll start off with. And we've already discussed this.


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[Assistant] In a different context. The question is, how could moral feelings evolve? So moral feelings we could view as feelings of, uhm,


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[Assistant] That the existence of these feelings is a mystery from an evolutionary point of view. If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw, how could animals evolve moral feelings?


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[Assistant] But in fact, we know the answer to this, and there are two answers to this. One answer is kin selection.


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[Assistant] So, evolution works at a level of the genes, and because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic. And they're altruistic because they act to preserve other animals that share the same genes. And so I'm not gonna wor- I'm not gonna-


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[Assistant] Spend any time on this because we've discussed in detail. But we know from


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[Assistant] Is cooperation. Even if animals are unrelated, they are nice to one another. Uhm, animals will give warning cries, they will groom at one another, they will exchange food.


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[Assistant] And the reason for this is that animals have evolved, our minds have evolved, to enter into sort of cooperative situations with other people, and to surmount prisoners' dilemmas, to surmount, uhm, deception and cheating.


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[Assistant] And this is an issue I'm going to talk about now, but I'm going to return to next week when we deal with issues such as liking and disliking, racial prejudice, and other things. But I want to deal now with a couple of interesting case studies about moral feelings from a psychological point of view. The first one I want to deal with is empathy.


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[Assistant] And empathy has different definitions, but we can simply view it as


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[Assistant] Your pain matters to me. If you are hurt, that is in some sense painful for me.


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[Assistant] If you are sad, that affects my own mood. I am not a selfish creature. I am built, I am hardwired to be attuned to your pain.


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[Assistant] This is an old observation. Adam Smith, who is often falsely viewed as a proponent of selfishness and hardheadedness, was quite explicit about the pull this has. Uhm, he notes,


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[Assistant] It's a very British face, actually. Uhm, now,


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[Assistant] We know this because if babies hear other babies crying, they will get upset. The crying of babies is aversive to babies.


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[Assistant] Because babies are so stupid, they think they themselves are crying. If they're crying, they must be in some sort of pain so they cry some more.


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[Assistant] And tape recorded sounds of themselves crying. Babies cry more.


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[Assistant] To this pain of other babies than they do to their own pain. Suggesting that their response is to some extent a response to the otherness of the characters.


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[Assistant] And when the chimpanzee slaps the lever, it gets some food. Trivial, smart animal, piece of cake. But the room has a window, leading to another room.


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[Assistant] In another room, another chimpanzee is placed. This second chimpanzee is not a relative.


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[Assistant] Of the sub, of the, of the first chimpanzee. And they've never seen each other before.


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[Assistant] Putting the first chimpanzee in a horrible dilemma. In order to feed himself, he has to torture another animal. Chimpanzees do not starve themselves to death.


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[Assistant] It's very unlikely any of you would either. But they go a long time without food, suggesting they do not want to cause this other chimpanzee pain.


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[Assistant] Like any other human capacity, differs across people. Some of us have a lot of it, some of us don't have much of it. There's some reason to believe that in a population known as psychopaths,


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[Assistant] Which is logically correct, but in a sense inhuman. The fact that it's another person should make you care. The serial killer, Gary Gilmore, basically said the pain of others gratified him and caused him no unhappiness at all.


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[Assistant] I was always capable of murder. I can become totally devoid of feelings of others, unemotional. I know I'm doing something grossly, and here is a very bad word, wrong. I can still go ahead and do it. And Ted Bundy, when interviewed, at one point said,


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[Assistant] I care a lot more about my children than I do about my friends. And I care more about my friends than I care about strangers. We're all like that.


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[Assistant] We also favor our group over others. In every possible way, you are a member of many groups. You are men, you are women. You're Yale students. You're young. You're, you're white, you're black, you're Asian.


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[Assistant] You're a member of these groups, and as we will discuss repeatedly, uhm, when we talk about social cognition and social behavior, this membership matters a lot to you.


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[Assistant] And this Roberts Cave Study serves as a nice illustration of morality in everyday life.


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[Assistant] And they were put in the separate cabins, and the cabins were given leaders.


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[Assistant] And they gave themselves names. Being unimaginative boys, they call themselves the Eaglers and the Rattlers.


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[Assistant] Eagles began to care a lot more about other eagles than about anybody else.


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[Assistant] The eagles prided themselves on being clean living, not using cuss words, and treating each other with respect. They viewed the rattlers as dirty and tough, and kind of slovenly slobs.


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[Assistant] It all evolved into hostilities, raids, and violence. Uhm, the eagles burned to rattlers. Banner. Cuss words were occasionally used.


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[Assistant] The kids who engaged in the peace talks were ostracized by their own groups as, as treasonous. That failed.


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[Assistant] They decided to set up individual competitions, like the Olympics, where they would, people wouldn't compete as Eagles or Rattlers, but rather, uhm, they would compete as individuals.


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[Assistant] That failed too. Like the Olympics, people, the teams took their individual accomplishments as reflecting on the group. And it devolved into Eagles versus the Rattlers.


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[Assistant] What this did was, it established a superordinate goal. That is a goal that everybody shared. And perhaps more important, a common enemy.


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[Assistant] The groupiness was established in a very powerful way. They lived separately, they interacted with each other, they had their own names. The psychologist, Hagefeld,


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[Assistant] What do I have to do to you to put you in a different group from him? What do I have to do to this class


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[Assistant] And, and what would I have to do for those groups to matter? Such that, for instance, if I separate you in one group and you're in another group, uhm, and I give you a hundred dollars, will you give the money more to him or to him?


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[Assistant] Will you give it more to your own group or to another group? And what he found was,


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[Assistant] And based on their responses, he described them as Klee lovers or Kandinsky lovers. Now this is all made up. They were just random assignments. But the Klee lovers viewed themselves as more similar to other Klee lovers. They thought the Klee lovers tended to be smarter than the Kandinsky lovers. And the Klee lovers, uhm,


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[Assistant] Would devote more resources to themselves than to others.


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[Assistant] So the lot, the experiment goes like this. I ask everybody in the class to take out a coin, you all flip it. Everyone whose heads, you're one group. Everyone whose tails,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're the other group. Then I ask people in the heads group, which group do you put yourself aside? Which group on average do you think is smarter? They say, well, you know, kind of works out that the heads group is kind of really smart. You know, heads, smart. Uhm, which group? Here's some money. You have to distribute it.


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[Assistant] You're more likely, it's a subtle, it's a subtle effect when you make the group so minimal, but you're more likely to give it to your own group than to others. And this suggests that moral feelings are exquisitely attuned not necessarily only to individuals, but also to the psychology of groups.


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[Assistant] It's morality, it bears on morality, because it bears on, so the question is, how does group membership, how does that relate to the topic of morality? And the answer is, the moral feelings we're talking about are feelings like empathy and caring.


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[Assistant] For me to have a moral feeling towards you means you matter to me. If you were to be harmed, I would view it as wrong.


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[Assistant] I will view myself, this is a very kind of obvious finding, my obligations to you will be seen as less than if you were another American. If I'm a Klee lover and you're a Kandinsky lover, I don't think you quite deserve as much as me.


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[Assistant] That's an evaluation, that's a judgment, but it's not a moral judgment. Why not?


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[Assistant] Okay, uhm, anybody give to charity? Anybody not give to charity?


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[Assistant] And there's some evidence, though it's not particularly strong at this point, that the same intuitions show up in young children and in non-human primates. Like chimpanzees, capuchins, macaques, and so on. And these are things like anger at cheaters, gratitude towards sharers, the sort of things you'd expect to come out in a prisoner's dilemma. Uhm, feelings that some things are right and some things are wrong. And these are foundational.


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[Assistant] But at the same time, the study of moral reasoning is a fascinating issue for those of us interested in cross-cultural psychology, because there are plain differences across cultures. So, the anthropologist Richard Schwader gives a list here of human differences.


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[Assistant] What you all thought. There will be some differences. Some of you think meat eating is okay.


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[Assistant] Uhm, most of you believe women should be allowed to work. Uhm, most of you...


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[Assistant] I don't think people vary in their feelings about baby killing.


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[Assistant] I don't think people vary about the feelings of, I do something for you, and then you don't, you don't do something for me. I think that's gut level, hardwired, evolved to solve prisoner's dilemmas. But these are important issues, and these vary a lot from culture to culture. And a good theory of psychology has to explain


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[Assistant] How these differences arise. And Schwader has a theory which is quite interesting. Schwader argues that there are three styles of thought.


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[Assistant] Three different frameworks of moral thought, three different ethics. There's an ethics of autonomy.


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[Assistant] This is what moral philosophers within our culture view as morality. Notions of rights, of equality, of freedom. But many cultures focus on an ethics of community.


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[Assistant] So for example, uhm, when we're talking about the rights of men and women, and what they should be allowed to do,


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[Assistant] If you're in an ethics of community, you might argue that men and women have different rights and different responsibilities. They may be born


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[Assistant] You may believe that there's severe restrictions about who could have sex with one another. That don't have to do with human rights and human freedom. It has to do with the way things should be. Uhm, because of issues of pollution and sin. Now,


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[Assistant] Western cultures, as I said, are highly invested in an ethics of autonomy.


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[Assistant] That they're governed by the ethics of autonomy. Even people within our culture, even highly educated people within our culture, even people like you,


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[Assistant] Show moral judgments that are not quite as simple. So, this is the work of Jonathan Haidt at University of Virginia. And Haidt finds if you ask people, they believe in our culture that they hold to an ethics of autonomy. If it doesn't harm anyone, it's okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I was to ask you your attitudes about sex, most of you, not all of you, you come from different cultures, you have different attitudes, but most of you would say, sex between consenting adults is okay, as long as nobody gets hurt.


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[Assistant] It is, it is, nobody is harmed and these are consenting adults.


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[Assistant] Julie and Mark are brother and sister. They are traveling together in France.


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[Assistant] What Hyde finds is most people say it doesn't, and then he simply asks them, being a good psychologist, okay, what's wrong with it? And this is the brother-sister case.


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[Assistant] And the responses are interesting. Because people view themselves as committed to an ethics of autonomy, they can't just say, it's disgusting. So they exhibit what Haidt describes as moral dumbfounding.


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[Assistant] Those of you who think it's not okay, none of these, should ask yourself why.


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[Assistant] And should then scrutinize your reasons. People are very smart.


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[Assistant] And they could present, easily present reasons. Why? They could say, oh a disease. But these reasons tend not to be sincere.


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[Assistant] In the context of morality. The motivation for Milgram's work, uh, was the Holocaust. And he was interested in exploring why such a thing could happen.


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[Assistant] He ended up, uh, at City University of New York. Became a full professor at, uhm, at age 33. Uh, died.


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[Assistant] In his early fifties, uh, did not lead a good life.


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[Assistant] But, had extraordinary discoveries. Another discovery which we'll talk about next week is, has anybody heard the phrase six degrees of separation? Milgram.


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[Assistant] There, this is just repeating what you've seen.


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[Assistant] We'll deliver fatal shocks to this person who they had never met, based on the instructions of another person.


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[Assistant] Now, there's some immediate bad explanations for this. One explanation is, uhm, these are really strange people.


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[Assistant] You remember from the movie, nobody got pleasure from giving the shocks. They felt acutely uncomfortable, embarrassed, conflicted, under a huge amount of stress. They weren't liking doing this.


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[Assistant] If the experimenter gives you instructions by phone, you're less likely to do it.


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[Assistant] And if there's a rebellion, if somebody else rebels and says, I won't do it, you're much more likely not to do it yourself.


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[Assistant] You can keep, look, then very, very few people go all the way. So these are an important list of factors as to the factors that can make somebody less likely.


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[Assistant] Milgram's experiment is why we have human subjects committees. This is...


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[Assistant] A terribly stressful experiment to do to people.


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[Assistant] And as I say now, but a lot of studies I describe in this class, it would not today be done. Uhm, people did say they were happy to have participated.


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[Assistant] And only 2% said that they were sorry.


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[Assistant] But uhm, but still serious damage could have been done. And perhaps was done. These people left the lab.


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[Assistant] Having learnt about themselves that they'll kill another person if someone tells them to.


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[Assistant] As psychologists, I don't think we have any right to do that to people.


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[Assistant] I think people can learn these things about themselves. We have no right to put you in a circumstance where you believe you killed somebody. And then tell you it was just pretend. We just made you kill somebody.


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[Assistant] That Milgram was interested in and argued, uhm, and this is controversial, the extent to which obedience really is a good model for acts of genocide.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so just to take one example among many, uh, Goldhagen argued that the participants in, uhm, in Nazi Germany and in the Holocaust were actually not people who were obediently following orders, but rather were enthusiastic, uh, people who volunteered to do it.


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[Assistant] In this case, the authority of Yale and the authority of science, this is an experiment that must go on.


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[Assistant] The results would be very different if the experimenter himself seemed nervous, unwilling to proceed, confused. But he was confident, and he kept saying that he will take responsibility.


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[Assistant] And finally, there's a new situation and no model of how to behave.


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[Assistant] One of the reasons why the Milgram experiment is so nice to know is that if this ever happens to you,


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[Assistant] Not as an experiment, but in real life. It will no longer be new to you.


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[Assistant] You'll know what sort of thing this is and you'll be able to examine it in that light. I wanna end this lecture summing up


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[Assistant] Drawing a lot upon Milgram and some other work, and talk first about two forces for evil, and then end by talking about two forces for good.


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[Assistant] The first force for evil is de-individuation of self. And what this means is, uhm,


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[Assistant] If I'm running through the street alone, with a baseball bat smashing through windows, it's me, and I know it's me. If I'm with twenty other people,


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[Assistant] It's not me, I'm just an instrument of somebody else telling me what to do.


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[Assistant] And so many people go to war. What they do is they paint their faces. Or they put on masks. Why? Well, there's anonymity from others.


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[Assistant] If I'm wearing a mask as I do my terrible stuff, nobody will know it's me.


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[Assistant] If I'm anonymous, it's not me, and I could do terrible things without feeling the same moral responsibility.


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[Assistant] This analysis has explained why people don't always help others in need. If there's a group, responsibility to help decreases.


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[Assistant] And the classic example which is discussed in detail in the textbook is the Kitty Genovese case where somebody was murdered


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[Assistant] Uh, in the common lot that apartment buildings surrounded while dozens of people watched. Dozens of good normal people watched and did nothing.


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[Assistant] You know, you have a heart attack, you broke your leg, you're being mugged and everything. And there's, this is based on the research. Screaming help.


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[Assistant] Is often not very successful. Because if I'm with ten people and there's somebody screaming help, I look up the other nine people.


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[Assistant] They're not doing anything. They're looking at me. I'm not doing anything. We keep walking.


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[Assistant] Point to somebody and say, you in the green sweater, call the police.


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[Assistant] I'm more likely to kill you if you're very far away than if you're close.


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[Assistant] When you start laughing at somebody, you think of them as less of a person.


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[Assistant] And we'll get to that a little bit more when we talk about laughter. You could take away their names.


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[Assistant] One of the more interesting things in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights is a very interesting right. It says every person has a right to a name. And you might think, what a strange right. But there's a cleverness to it. When you take away somebody's name,


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[Assistant] They matter less. People have names. People have distinct individual names that, that, that mark them as people.


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[Assistant] And once you know somebody's name, you're less likely to do bad things to them.


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[Assistant] And another option, which I'm interested in from the standpoint of my own research, is you could see them as disgusting.


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[Assistant] Disgust is what Paul Rosen has called the body and soul of motion.


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[Assistant] And we know certain things about disgust. It is a human universal It is a basic emotion


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[Assistant] With a characteristic facial expression. Remember Paul Ekman's work on the basic emotions and universals of emotional expression? Uhm, discussed as one of them.


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[Assistant] Feces, urine, blood, vomit, rotten flesh, and most meat will be disgusting.


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[Assistant] The philosopher and legal scholar, Martha Nussbaum, nicely summarizes this. Thus, throughout history, certain discussed properties have repeatedly and monotically been associated with Jews, women, homosexuals, untouchables, lower class people. All of those are imagined as tainted by the dirt of the body. Uhm, any, I won't read this, but this is, uh, uh,


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[Assistant] To lose yourself as an individual. Lose yourself in a crowd. Lose yourself because


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[Assistant] There's some authority using you as an instrument. Lose yourself because you're anonymous. Plus, treat others not as people.


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[Assistant] They're a different group, you might want to kill them under normal circumstances, but the interdependence gives rise to a moral connection.


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[Assistant] Uhm, Thomas Friedman proposed the Golden Arches theory of human conflict, which said that no two countries which each have a McDonald's will ever go to war.


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[Assistant] Because McDonald's forces global interdependence. This was falsified, uh, in the NATO bombing of, I think, Sarajevo. But still.


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[Assistant] More generally, there's what's been called the contact hypothesis. So interdependence is one thing.


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[Assistant] But what's maybe more interesting is that simple contact with other people.


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[Assistant] Particularly if you're of equal status, you have a common goal, and you have social support. Makes you like people more.


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[Assistant] That, that caused the interconnection. And then the contact led to moral feeling.


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[Assistant] There's been study after study showing that people in the military were otherwise, for instance, racist. After working with people of different races, like the more.


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[Assistant] Because you have all of the right ingredients. Uhm, you have, they work together for a common goal.


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[Assistant] To the extent which they promote interdependence, sorry, they promote, uh, positive contact between groups.


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[Assistant] For contact, to what extent are they met in a university setting? Between, say, blacks and whites, uh, people from the American South versus people from the American North, people from other countries versus people from the United States.


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[Assistant] And I know there's debate on campus about the extent to which there's segregation within the Yale community, and you could ask yourself about the extent of that segregation and how that reflects what role that should play with regard to the contact hypothesis. Finally, and this is the last thing I'll say, if you take another person's perspective, you'll care more about them. This is the final force for good from a moral perspective.


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[Assistant] Uhm, JFK, when making the plea for equal rights, didn't produce an abstract philosophical argument, but rather,


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[Assistant] Try to invite his listeners, who are white, to engage in perspective taking.


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[Assistant] If an American, because his skin is dark, cannot eat lunch in a restaurant open to the public, and so on, so on, so on, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin change and stand in his place? Who among us would be content with the councils of patience and delay? Again, Nussbaum.


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[Assistant] Greek dramas invited people to take the perspectives of those who they would never imaginably be, or even be in contact with, and argue that this gave, led to an empathetic expansion.


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[Assistant] There could be familiar things, uhm, that you are close to, and you could bring in together new things as falling under the rubric of these familiar things. Uh, so if I wanted to cause you to feel more concerned for a fetus, I would do well to describe it as a preborn child. If I wanted you to care about an animal, I would do well to describe it as if it were human. Uhm, if I wanted to


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[Assistant] And of course any political movement that tries to bring together people together uses a family metaphor. Uhm, finally, uh, when Steven Spielberg


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[Assistant] Try to get us to, uhm, to entertain the notion that computers and robots are sentient moral beings. He did not show us one that looked like this. He showed us one that looked like that. Okay.


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[Assistant] What would you do? What do you think everyone else would do? Okay, I'll see you next week.


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[Assistant] How you doing? Cool. Thank you very much.


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[Assistant] Come to my man, Roman.


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[Assistant] Homer, we have much in common. We both love our daughters and discipline our sons.


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[Assistant] My dear Michiko has passed away, but she is always with me.


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[Assistant] Affirmative, affirmative, airdrop kill streak here.


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[Assistant] Airdrop marked. Airstrike tablet here. Airstrike up for grabs. Air support here.


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[Assistant] Air support killstreak here. Alright, alright.


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[Assistant] Not bad. Ammo box destroyed. Ammo box here. Ammo depot here. An eye for an eye. Marking enemy infantry. AP rounds here. APC here. Armor box here. Armor box marked. Armor here. Armor here. Armor pouch marked.


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[Assistant] Armored boat destroyed. Armored boat marked. Ascender cable here. Assault rifle marked. Assault the bomb. Assault the flag. Assault the package. Attack target Alpha. Attack target Bravo. Attack target Charlie. Attack target Delta. Attack target Echo.


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[Assistant] Attack target fucktrot. Attack target golf. Attack target hotel. Attack the target. ATV marked. Back on my feet.


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[Assistant] Bounty contract here. Buy station here. Ready to redeploy. Buy station marked. Standing by to redeploy. Buzzer saw here.


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[Assistant] Careful, it's about to blow. Careful, it's about to blow. Careful now. Careful, possible enemy here. Careful, the enemy has been here.


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[Assistant] Claim all set. Cluster mine destroyed. Cluster mine deployed. Cluster mine deployed. Contact! Contract marked. Contract marked. Copy. Copy. Ascender. Copy. Buy station. Copy. Extraction balloon. Copy. Eyes on the stronghold. Copy. Go for the bounty contract. Copy. Got a visual.


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[Assistant] Copy. Hostage contract. Copy. I see them. Copy. Let's get that contract.


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[Assistant] Copy, let's get the Recon contract. Copy, let's grab the Geiger contract.


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[Assistant] Copy, let's grab the gun safe contract. Copy, let's hit the elimination contract. Copy, let's hunt. Copy, let's take the cargo contract. Copy, most wanted contract. Copy, radio.


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[Assistant] Copy, scavenger contract. Copy, securing cargo. Copy, sit tight. I'll get you back in. Copy, stronghold contract. Copy that. Copy that. Copy that. I see the vehicle. Copy, that's our mission. Copy, UAV tower. Copy, upload station.


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[Assistant] Copy. Visual on a non-combatant. Copy. Visual on the area. Copy. Visual on the boss. Copy. Visual on the ex-Villahilo. Copy. Visual on the hostage.


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[Assistant] Copy, visual on the loadout. Copy, visual on the loot cache. Copy, visual on the LZ. Copy, visual on the phone. Copy, visual on the radio tower. Copy, visual on the safe. Copy, visual on the sand site.


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[Assistant] Copy, visual on the stash. Copy, visual on the weapon case.


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[Assistant] Decoy mine here. Decoy mine set! Decoy mine set! Decoy out! Defend Objective Alpha. Defend Objective Bravo. Defend Objective Charlie. Defend Objective Delta. Defend Objective Echo.


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[Assistant] Defend Objective Foxtrot. Defend Objective Golf.


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[Assistant] Defend Objective Hotel! Defend the bomb! Defend the carrier! Defend the device! Defend the flag! Defend the HVT!


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[Assistant] Diffuse objective Charlie. Diffuse objective Delta. Diffuse objective Echo. Diffuse objective Foxtrot. Diffuse objective Golf. Diffuse objective Hotel. Diffuse that flag. Diffuse the bomb. Diffuse the charge. Diffuse the device. Diffuse the HVT. Diffuse the package.


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[Assistant] Deployable cover here. Deploying Wilson. Deploying Wilson. Destroy target Alpha. Destroy target Bravo. Destroy target Charlie.


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[Assistant] Destroy target Delta. Destroy target Echo. Destroy target Foxtrot. Destroy target Golf. Destroy target Hotel. Destroy that target. Destroy that turret. Destroy the bomb.


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[Assistant] Destroy the device. Destroy the flag. Destroy the HVT. Destroy the package. Destroy the target. Destroy their ammo box. Destroy their car. Destroy their drone. Dibs on that. Dibs on the weapon case. Disregard that. Don't worry. I got him. Door's jammed. Find another way. Download.


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[Assistant] East. East. Easy. I got you. Elevator here. Eliminate the bomb. Eliminate the carrier. Eliminate the device. Eliminate the HVT. Eliminate the package. Eliminate the target.


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[Assistant] Elimination contract marked. Elimination target marked. Encrypting data. ENDURE. TAMO.


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[Assistant] Enemy bomb drone marked. Enemy boss here. Enemy camera destroyed. Enemy car marked. Enemy care package marked.


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[Assistant] Enemy cruise missile marked. Enemy decoy grenade marked. Enemy decoy mine destroyed. Enemy decoy mine destroyed. Enemy decoy mine here. Enemy deployable cover here. Enemy dog tag here. Enemy drill charge marked. Enemy drone killed.


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[Assistant] Watch yourself. Enemy loadout drop marked. Enemy marked. Enemy motor team here. Enemy motorbike destroyed. Enemy Overwatch hero marked.


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[Assistant] Enemy proximity mine here. Enemy recon drone is down. Enemy recon drone is down. Enemy recon drone marked. Enemy recon marked.


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[Assistant] Enemy Wilson destroyed. Enemy Wilson disabled. Enemy Wilson marked. Enemy with the riot shield. Right here. Engage the device. Engage the HVT. Engaging this location. Engaging this location. X-Fir bird marked. Extract point marked. Extraction balloon here.


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[Assistant] Fall back! That vehicle could blow! Fall back! That vehicle could blow! Flanking this way. Flanking this way.


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[Assistant] Found a gunship here. Found a killstreak tablet. Found a launcher. Found a mortar strike. Found a phone. Found a pistol here. Found a recon tablet here. Found a riot shield. Found a sentry. Found a stash. Found a stealth bomber here. Found a UAV.


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[Assistant] Found a vehicle. Found a VTOL jet. Found a weapon case. Found a Wilson. Found an advanced UAV. Found an airstrike. Found an emergency airdrop. Found an enemy's tactical insertion. Found an MGB. Found an Overwatch hero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Found an SAE strike. Found some armor here. Found some loot here. Found some medical. Found some O2. Friendly airdrop active.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Friendly air support in the AO. Friendly bomb drone marked. Friendly C4 here. Friendly care package marked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Friendly deployable cover marked. Friendly emergency airdrop here. Friendly fast movers here. Friendly gunship in the airspace. Friendly lethal here. Friendly proximity mine here. Friendly recon is active. Friendly sensory is up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Geiger here. Geiger search contract here. Get some. Get some. Get to Charlie. Get to Echo. Get to Foxtrot. Get to Golf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Glad to be out of there. Go! With honor. Good game. Good game. Got a boat here. Got a contract here. Got a custom weapon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Got a field upgrade here. Got a friendly here. Got a hard drive here. Got a jet ski here. Got a kill streak here. Got a radio here. Got a scavenger contract here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Got a stronghold contract here. Got a tech rover here. Got a truck here. Got a variable here. Got a vehicle here. Got any plates? Got cash here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Got eyes on a hardened fighter. Got eyes on an enemy vehicle. Got eyes on a hostage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hunter contract here. I am all that remains.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I cored that one. I cored the ammo. I can use that armor. I could use that armor. I could use that weapon. I could use the cash. I downed them. Right here. I drive. I got a melee weapon. I got you! I have a key. I have a keycard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a kill streak tablet. I have a launcher. I have a marksman rifle. I have a pistol. I have a riot shield. I have a shotgun. I have a sniper rifle. I have an assault rifle. I have an LMG. I have an SMG.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have some medical supplies. I have some mid caliber rounds. I have some radiation blockers. I have some small caliber rounds. I need a kill streak. I need a little grenade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need a lift. I need a tactical grenade. I need a weapon. I need ammo. I need ammo. I need HEICAL rounds. I need the launcher rounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need rockets. I need shotgun rounds. I need shotgun shells. I need small cal mags. I need small cal rounds. I need some cash. I'll cover you. I'll cover you. I'll fly. I'll fly it. I'll get you fixed up. I'll have that variable. I'll have the gas mask. I lead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need help here. I'll take that. I'll take that armor setcher. I'll take that dog tag. I'll take that medical. I'll take that oxygen. I'll take that self-revive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll take the ammo. I'll take the buzzsaw. I'll take the field upgrade. I'll take the key. I'll take the key card. I'll take the killstreak tablet. I'll take the wheel. I'll take those nodes. I'll use that weapon. I'm back up. I'm good. I'm coming for you! I'm down!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Get me back in the fight. I'm good. I'm in your debt. I'm in your debt. I'm loading. I'm loading. I'm low on ammo. I'm low on ammo. I'm pinned down. I'm ready for another if you are. I'm ready for more. I'm right as rain. I'm taking fire. I'm up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got room. I've got shotgun shares. I've got some armor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got some enemy dog tags. I've got some high caliber rounds. I've got you. I've got you. JLTV destroyed. JLTV here. Key here. Keycard marked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jinstrike tablet here. Jinstrike tablet here. Large caliber. Large caliber rounds here. Last mag. Last rocket. Later. Launcher ammo marked. Leave me. My fight is over. Lend me a hand. Leather equipment set.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little grenade, marked. Let's fight together? Let's get the cargo to the LZ.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You down? Let's take the job. LMG marked. Loading! Loading! Loading AP rounds! Loading AP rounds! Loadout crate here. Loadout drop here. Loadout inbound!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lucky I was covering your ass. Make room for me. Mark the tank. Mark the target. Mark the hostage LZ. Marking a hardened fighter. Marking a hostage contract. Marking advanced infantry. Marking enemy fighter. Marking enemy infantry. Marking enemy mortar team. Marking enemy special mission unit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marking lethals. Marking target area. Marksman rifle here. Melee weapon marked. Mid caliber rounds here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Move to the objective. Move to the package. Movement in this area. Moving. Moving here. Multiple movers spotted. Multiple enemies. Multiple shooters. Multiple targets. Multiple targets. My location. You need another shooter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Need large caliber rounds! Need LMG rounds! Need mid caliber! Need mid caliber! Need pistol rounds!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Need rockets. Need shells. Need shotgun shells. Need a small caliber. Need some large caliber. Need variables. I got some. Negative. Nice work out there. Not here. Nope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] North, North, North East, North East, North West.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our air support is on station. Our portable radar is active.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pain effort. I'm compromised. I'm pinned down! I need help here. Patching up! Pick me up! Now! Planting charge! Planting claymore! Planting mine! Planting sauna! Puff the stem! Portable radar deployed! Portable radar here! Possible threats here! Proximity mine here! Quiet!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Safe contract here. Same site here. Save me a seat. Secure, secure Alpha. Secure Bravo. Secure Charlie. Secure Delta. Secure Echo. Secure Foxtrot. Secure Golf. Secure Hotel. Secure that cargo on the bird.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sniper tagged me good. Sniper's down. Some wreckage here. South. South. Southeast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Southeast. Southwest. Southwest. Spotterscope here. Stay in the fight. Stim here. Stronghold contract here. Stronghold here. High security. Stronghold marked. Stun grenade! Stun grenade here. Stun grenade out! Stun incoming! Suppression mine here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suppression mindset! Suppression mindset! Sure! Why the hell not? Switching mags. Tech insert here. Tactical camera here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tactical equipment marked. Tactical grenade here. Tacticals here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Target marked. Request fire mission. Tear gas grenade here. Tell me what you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks. That airstrike's friendly. That one's on ice. That was close. That's an enemy airstrike. That's our thermite. That's a friendly counter UAV. That's a friendly Overwatch healer. That's an enemy suppression mine. That's enemy recon. That's our airdrop inbound. That's our smoke. The big gun is mine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The enemy controls the UAV tower. Their cover is down. Their cover is down. Their jet ski is done. Their tank is down. Their transport helo is down. Their UAV is offline. There's a safe here. There's a valve here. Thermite! Thermite here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visual on a trap. Visual on an enemy technical camera. Visual on an HVT. Visual on enemy air support. Visual on targets. Visual on the bomb. Visual on the chemist. Visual on the device. Visual on the enemy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visual on the flag. Visual on the HVT. Visual on the objective. Visual on the package. Visual on the Pyro. Visual. One enemy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Want to team up? Watch your fire! Watching here. Watching this sector. We can move this. We control the SAM site. We control the UAV tower. We have a loadout drop here. We have a tactical camera here. We have an active field upgrade here. We have an active field upgrade here. We have an active recon drone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have recon orbiting the AO. We set a drill charge here. We threw a decoy grenade here. We threw a tear gas here. West. West! Heh. What's up? Enemy marked. Yah! You dropped this! Yup. Yes. You are a legend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You lose. You'll have to do better than that! You're not leaving me yet! You're shooting friendlies! Activating EMP! Active friendly kill streak here. Advanced enemy infantry spotted. Advanced infantry sighted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're called Super Roos, son, with pictures of the cast of The Expendables.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That kind of small-scale violence solves nothing. Couldn't agree more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll just enjoy these green beans with slivered almonds. Mmm, so slivered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd just get a glass of water. Water? That stuff killed my grandmother. So sad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marge, I changed him, Boise. I'm not sure a man who eats right and doesn't drink can be good in bed. You're so beautiful when I cut you off in the middle of a question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you are a cat, prove it. Do you hate Mondays like Garfield?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And do you love lasagna, like me? Okay then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Transformer that transforms into a heart? I love it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't need a new Ralph. I like the old one. Happy Valentine's Day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Twin port authority, airport authority. Twin port authority, airport authority.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One, two, one, two, one, two, one, two. Three is bigger than two. I can hide behind you. Four is bigger than three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really wanted to go to the Survivor Shop today. They could be Flint, or maybe The Tarp, whatever it is. It could change my game in this tribe. I'm ready to play and play hard. I can't wait.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have never really won a reward playing Survivor. You know, I played 31 days last time I played this game and I think the only reward I ever won was a bloody chicken that didn't lay eggs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm definitely going to make sure that I'm using this reward to advance my game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it can help solidify our majority alliance and also a way to appear trustworthy to that alliance. You can leverage cookies for trust in this game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if cookies enable me to create trust with other people, perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We want to share the cookies with myself, obviously, and Lucky, as well as Brooke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Click, David, AK, and Daisy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A way to kind of bond everyone together in like solidarity as a alliance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just the top bit. The big objective in this game is to be on the right side of the vote. Be in the numbers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't really want to push my own agenda this early in the game. Jericho is not the ideal person to leave this game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I don't mind Matt and Jericho's pitch. For me it would make sense to vote Daisy out because I know that I am not in Daisy's plans for the future and quite frankly Daisy is not in my plans for the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being the Swing Boat is a really tricky space to be in. It looks like a great spot to be in, but actually mitigating the fallout is a whole nother thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you say, it's been a lot of years, but some of us, a lot's changed. You know, we're coming from a whole new context. So yeah, it's, it's certainly different.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, there's definitely two groups, I would say, that's kind of started to form in the past couple of days, uhm, since arriving, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I mean, it's really hard to know where the divide lies though until, you know, you, you test that divide. This is our First Tribal Council, so what you perceive may or may not be real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is important to me to find people that I can trust and rely on. But equally, it's important to me to make sure that, you know, that our tribe wins. You know, I came from a losing team time after time last time, so I want people here that, you know, that are strong, that, you know, I don't want to lose our muscle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just, it's equally hard, but it's hard, you know, because, as Jerry says, like, it's been five days, but you...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're surviving together. It is real. The connections are real. It's just... It's just not easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wear them like eyeglasses, but inside the lens you see information about the people and places around you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sir, I'm concerned about your sudden generosity. The doctor said to bring you in right away if you display kindness or warmth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I played it with honour and integrity and I played it honestly. And it cost me the game. But that doesn't mean I'm prepared to change who I am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't get me wrong, I'm gonna play this game really hard. I'm never gonna quit. This is All-Stars. Shit's about to get real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just honoured to be here, mate. You know, and look, next to Shane Gould. I mean, I couldn't miss it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting back on the beach for a second time, I never for one minute thought it would be easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I noticed the personalities of the alpha males are contending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lockie's going gangbusters in the tribe. You know, he's taking control of the hut.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Matt, I see him as the alpha male in strength and courage and honourability. And Dave, he's a charmer. Look, he even charms me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The alpha male. They know they hold the power and the muscle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the alpha male in camp hasn't really risen to the top yet. Lockie, David and Matt, they all want it bad. But in this game, he's actually having to prove it. So let's see what happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The haters are trying to kill me! I can't stand it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The green tribe have an already built shelter for them, a fire pit. All they need to do is boil that water and get the rice on. Then you come over to here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No flint, which means we have no fire. We have to make for ourselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know how much longer that our tribe can last without any fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We need to win this first Muni challenge. If we lose, it's time to turn on each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't want that to happen because these all-stars are dangerous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Come back to me, honey. Let her go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I dunno. Something in your eyes. You look like you've got a good heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're a predatory species. We're a predatory species.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Two by six is another way. Two lots of six, do you hear what I say? Another rectangular array. So let's split without delay. Break away. Two sixes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Six by two is next in line. Six slots or two, it's a clever design. And if you wanna see how all this fits, I can break it all to bits. Break away!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Previously on Australian Survivor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At Yellow Tribe Vakama, two distinct alliances quickly formed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel golden. And Godfather Matt heading up the other. I'm ready to play.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Matt, as well as Henry on the other tribe, found the first idle clue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He put on an impressive performance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 15th person voted out of Australia. Survivor, second member of our jury. David, you need to bring me your torch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Michelle, you surprised to see Jericho gone?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today's reward is comprised of three All-Star challenges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You will need to pick players to compete in each of them. First tribe to win two, wins reward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That'd be good. Cup of Joe, any way you like it with sugar and milk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And leave for Makuta, taking on AK and Loki for Vakama.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One member from each tribe will hold up a net, while two members from the other tribe will throw coconuts into it, making it heavier to hold. Last person holding up their coconuts scores a point for their tribe. Alright guys, who you putting up?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, next round from the Cuda. We have Zach on the rope and Lee and John throwing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] David and Matt throwing for Vakama. What about peck strength here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The crew to lead, one zip, they win this round, they win reward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vakama, got nothing for ya. Grab your gear, head back to camp.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jericho wins this challenge, sending Michelle to the jury.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the tribe doped up on caffeine, you guys gonna rip it up today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Matt, how critical is it for you guys to avoid tribal tonight?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You guys ready to get to today's immunity challenge? Lee, thank you very much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again, immunity is back up for grabs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three members of your tribe will attempt to push a heavy wooden ball into a goal, while three members of the other tribe will attempt to do the same thing. And you can attack or defend, but full contact is allowed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Losing Tribe, Tribal Council, where one of you will become the third All-Star voted out of this game. Let's get it on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, first round is for the boys. Vakama, you're picking first. Alright. Alright, here we go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First round, we have Tarzan, Loki, and AK for Vakama.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Taking on Henry, Nick and Harry from Makuta. Go Green Machine! Survivors ready!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, final rounds. It's for the boys. We have to win, Gus. We have to win. We have to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have David, Tarzan, and Matt for Vakama.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Taking on Zack, Lee, and Henry from Makuta. We're tied.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whoever wins this round, wins immunity. Come on boys!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great effort today. Sadly, I'm gonna see you guys tonight at Tribal Council, where one of you will be the third person voted out of Australian Survivor All-Stars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last time you guys were here, there seemed to be quite a division within this tribe. Is that still the case tonight? Eh, it's definitely still the case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Moana, what's your take? Is it still split into two distinct sides?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not clear, I mean you, you have the majority, so why are you worried tonight?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last time you played, you found yourself on the bottom of your tribe a couple times. Yeah. So how do you turn that situation around?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You obviously found yourself on the minority side. Did you try and find any inroads with these guys this afternoon?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Brooke, do you think the idle chatter is real or do you think it's just paranoia?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Apparently divided, there's a lot of chat going on between the two sides. Yeah, I know. Can you share that with everyone? Hell no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So is the minority in trouble tonight? Or could there be something else afoot? Ah, you got four autos for us?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, let's go to vote. You're up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, this is in fact a hidden immunity idol. Any votes cast for Jackie will not count.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is also a hidden immunity idol. Any votes cast for David will not count.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First vote. Jackie does not count.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Daisy. That's high. Two votes Moana, two votes Daisy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Daisy. That's three votes Daisy, two votes Moana, one vote left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Third person voted out of Australian Survivor All-Stars? Daisy. Need to bring me a torch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, the best way to get on the right side of the numbers is by reducing the ones on the other side with the blind side. Grab your torches, head on out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, up against the best of the best.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He knows that to get so close to winning, it's devastating. It really is. Like it, it was hard for me to deal with for a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I work as a criminal barrister. I address juries regularly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's something I'm very used to and comfortable in doing and good at. But the survivor juries are very different.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't get an opportunity to tell him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To come so close. One vote. When you work so hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mine represented my most unfortunate idol pooping moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kinda gives you a little bit of an insight into how they're voting, whether they're doing it for strength or there's alliances already formed and yeah, I'm a bit sad to see Jerry go, but that's the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very well played, guys. Very well played.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I reckon we've all had about 17 cups of coffee in the last 24 hours, so we're all itching at the bit to just get going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot lighter around cam, which uhm, I appreciate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Previously on Australian Survivor, Tribe Swap forced David and Phoebe together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Matt knew he was on the chopping block. If I'm gonna go down, I'm gonna go down swinging. He appealed to the challenge beast in locking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's going to be tougher and tougher to win and then we hate each other a lot. But in the end, Matt went home. Tried to smoke it. It has.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the alliance of six was left with no one to turn on but each other. Fifteen are left. Who will be going home tonight?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Luana, you had a big reaction to that. What do you think's going on over at Vakama?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, Makuta, you're gonna need to sit out three today, but to keep it fair, it has to be two boys and one girl. Who are they gonna be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, Nick, Tarzan, Sean, you guys are on the bench. Everyone else, I'll give you a minute to strategize. Let's get to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, first round. We have Lockie for Vakama, taking on Zack for Makuta.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, next round is for the girls. Makuta, who do you want to put up?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next round, we have Moana for Makuta, taking on Brook for Vakama. Let's go Brook!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are tied, 1-1. Vakama have been on a losing streak lately. Can they turn it around?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, you got this easy, I.K. Next round.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nice lunch, up to grabs. Survivors ready?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are tied, two each. Whoever wins this round, wins reward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kuda, got nothing for ya. Head back to camp, get warm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Shani, what did winning that reward do for tribe morale?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was the first challenge you guys have lost since the swap. Is that just a blip or is that a sign of things to come?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Flick, with only six of you left, are you feeling the pressure to win today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again, immunity is back up for grabs. For today's challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With arms outstretched, you'll support each other over a mud pit. As time goes on, your bodies will tire until you can no longer hold each other up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last pair left standing win immunity to their tribe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Losers, Trouble Council, where one of you will become the tenth All-Star voted out of this game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, Zach, Lee, Moana, you guys are on the bench. Everyone else, I'll give you a minute to talk about it. We'll get to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, everyone's in position. Harry is slick. AK, Blocky. Shani, Brooke for Vakama. Really want to take that idol back to camp. For Makuta, Sean and Jackie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nick and Phoebe. Tarzan and David.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Certain amount of balance involved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Seanny and Brooke are out, and we're down to two pairs per tribe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blocky and AK are out. Everyone's dropping quickly in this challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, that's better. That's better. We've got to keep our bums in. Nick and Phoebe. Tarzan and David. Still in it for Makuta.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vakama's hope of staying out of tribal again, resting on Harry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just need to be the last pair standing to win immunity for your tribe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tarzan's starting to shake now. Good, guys. I'm doing great. One wrong move and it's all over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nick and Phoebe are in trouble. Can they save it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] David's starting to wobble now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sponsored trade guys, well done. Can they bring it home for Vakama?


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[Assistant] Nick and Phoebe just wobbling all over the place, barely holding it together.


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[Assistant] We're now down to Tarzan and David for Makuta and Harry and Flick for Vakama.


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[Assistant] Quickly lost almost everyone in this challenge.


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[Assistant] See the pain on Harry's face. Desperately trying to push through it.


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[Assistant] Question is, how long can you endure that pain? Someone's going home tonight.


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[Assistant] Be nice to keep your tribe out of the line of fire. Flick and Harry.


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[Assistant] Markham has lost hope to avoid a fifth tribal council in a row. No pressure.


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[Assistant] David's arm's really quivering now. And the boys continue to struggle.


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[Assistant] Not gonna concede. I think it's a risk they're about to snap.


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[Assistant] Akuma, congratulations at last! And unity is yours.


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[Assistant] Kuda, tribal council tonight, where one of you will become the 10th All-Star voted out of this game. Grab your gear, head back to camp. I'll see you guys tonight.


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[Assistant] Watch every All-Star Challenge, Power Play and Blindside with full episodes at templay.com.au slash survivor or on the Templay app.


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[Assistant] David, is it hard to know where everyone stands in your tribe when it's so long since you've come to tribal?


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[Assistant] Phoebe, you were voted out last time by this tribe, but you survived the fire challenge.


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[Assistant] So Moana, what would you say about Phoebe's assessment?


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[Assistant] So Nick, does this rift still exist?


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[Assistant] So David, is the merge being factored into tonight's vote? I mean it should be. This is All-Stars.


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[Assistant] So you're voluntarily flushing your own idol.


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[Assistant] If anyone has a hidden immunity idol and you want to play it, now would be the time to do so.


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[Assistant] Okay, I'll read the votes.


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[Assistant] Moana. It's high. Two votes Phoebe, two votes Moana.


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[Assistant] Tied again. Four votes Phoebe, four votes Moana.


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[Assistant] Phoebe. That's five votes Phoebe, four votes Moana.


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[Assistant] It's high. Five votes Phoebe. Five votes Moana.


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[Assistant] What's hide? Five votes Phoebe. Five votes Moana.


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[Assistant] Alright, this is how it's gonna work. We're gonna re-vote. Phoebe, Moana, you cannot vote. Everyone else, you can only vote for Phoebe or Moana. Jackie, come grab the urn.


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[Assistant] Okay, once the votes are read, the decision is final. Person voted out will be asked to leave the tribal council area immediately. I'll read the votes.


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[Assistant] Phoebe. That's three votes Phoebe. Two votes Moana.


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[Assistant] Tenth person voted out of Australian Survivor All-Stars. VB.


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[Assistant] That's four votes, that's enough. You need to bring me a torch.


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[Assistant] Well, in this game, if you don't kill with your first shot, better hope you take him out with the second. Grab your torches, head on out.


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[Assistant] We cannot afford to keep him around a moment longer.


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[Assistant] Straight away I'm thinking, we throw Zack under the bus. We now have a tangible reason as to why Zack should go home. He's targeting one of your heroes.


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[Assistant] If he goes, it will create World War III with the majority.


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[Assistant] I think Henry was playing the game way too fast.


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[Assistant] Then he was trying to play it on way too many levels.


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[Assistant] This killing must stop sometime, Nico. Once this is done, then you must begin to forgive. Think about your future instead of the horrible things that the past has done.


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[Assistant] One of our brightest and most meddlesome students called this meeting, somehow, to discuss an urgent menu matter. Lisa?


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[Assistant] I need everyone in this tribe to know that I mean business. Don't mess with me.


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[Assistant] I am stoked that I played my idol correctly last night. But now I know that I'm hanging out with people who don't even want me around.


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[Assistant] This is all-stars, but yet we have that cliché, the athletes hanging out together. Let's keep the tribe strong. Which is definitely dangerous for someone like me.


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[Assistant] Abbie is definitely the leader of the athletes group. And then there's Lee. John...


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[Assistant] Lydia is like attached to the hip with Abby. So it's just like this massive lame pile of like muscle.


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[Assistant] I could definitely be in trouble if we lose immunity. So I've gotta keep on hustling.


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[Assistant] The way I see it, we have three votes already, we just need two more, and then we've got five, which is a new majority. We can really flip this tribe on its head now. And I think I can see some visible cracks.