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[Assistant] She went drinking and dancing with him in the evening and had a wonderful time. In 1967, things started to go wrong again. She made wait until dark and people liked it, but Audrey was not happy. She was away from her son.


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[Assistant] And Mel was friendly with other women. She became pregnant again, but lost the child. This was the end for her and Mel. I was very sad when Mel left. She said later, I was more famous than him and he felt bad.


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[Assistant] Chapter 12, Married Again.


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[Assistant] Audrey lived a quiet life in Switzerland and Rome. She had a baby boy, Luca, in 1970.


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[Assistant] She only made one movie in 11 years. Robin and Marion, 1975, with Sean Connery. She made it quickly in Spain, when her children were on summer vacation. It was good, but not very successful.


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[Assistant] Younger people were not interested in a love story between two older people.


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[Assistant] It's not a problem. He loves you. All husbands have girlfriends, but Audrey did not listen to them. When you love somebody, you have to love them all your life, she said to friends. She left Doty in 1979.


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[Assistant] Audrey only made two or three more movies and they were not very good. She made them for the money. When she became older,


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[Assistant] She remembered her early years at the end of the war when she was poor and hungry.


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[Assistant] The world famous actress in Givenchy clothes now worked with hungry children in Africa.


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[Assistant] Audrey's last words in the movie are, do things for others. In 1992,


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[Assistant] She traveled to Africa for the last time. When she came back, she was very sick.


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[Assistant] She got better for a short time and her old friends Elizabeth Taylor and Gregory Peck visited her.


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[Assistant] But then she became very sick again. And the doctors could not help her. She left hospital.


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[Assistant] And went back to her house in Switzerland.


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[Assistant] There were white flowers everywhere inside the house.


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[Assistant] Before they carried her upstairs to bed, she looked at everybody.


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[Assistant] Mel Ferrer and Andrea Dotti came to the church near her house and said goodbye. Elizabeth Taylor said,


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[Assistant] The ground outside the church was white with snow and flowers.


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[Assistant] The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license.


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[Assistant] Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free.


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[Assistant] To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu.


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[Assistant] This year and years prior, we've seen voters wait in line for five, six, and seven hours. And the issue hasn't been fixed.


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[Assistant] Now some people may see these images and think, how patriotic.


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[Assistant] How impressive that someone would wait in line for seven hours just to vote.


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[Assistant] But to me, it's not impressive at all. It's disrespectful to these voters.


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[Assistant] Making voting difficult goes against the very core of our democracy.


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[Assistant] If we could redesign the system to make it more convenient, more accessible and easier for voters, why wouldn't we? Now the short answer is political will.


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[Assistant] Many established politicians would not actually benefit personally from a reformed voting process that's inclusive for all voters.


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[Assistant] Election policy must be about who votes, not who wins.


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[Assistant] And the more complicated answer is that our voting system and election system in the United States is highly decentralized and inconsistent.


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[Assistant] Over 10,000 different local election officials administer this process in cities and towns and counties across the country.


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[Assistant] They might vary in size from 400 voters to 4.7 million.


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[Assistant] There's also 50 different state legislative bodies that set the rules of the game.


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[Assistant] And over 50 different chief election officials and entities that oversee those rules and how they're administered. So voting may vary greatly from state to state. Best case scenario, you're in a state like Colorado.


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[Assistant] The ballot comes and the government is responsible for delivering democracy to you. Worst case scenario, you're in a state like Missouri where your options are limited.


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[Assistant] You have overly restrictive voter registration deadlines and if you can't get off work


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[Assistant] Or you don't have childcare. Or you're sick. That's too bad.


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[Assistant] And most American voters don't fall into the best case scenario.


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[Assistant] Now in my career as an elections official for many years and now leading the National Vote at Home Institute and our work to improve the voting process across the United States, I've talked to thousands of voters about their voting experience and thousands of election officials about the process.


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[Assistant] I also co-authored a book called When Women Vote that outlines a roadmap and a playbook for how to improve the process for all. And so I ask you,


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[Assistant] Was the most highly watched, most anticipated election in US history.


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[Assistant] And yet, only 60% of eligible Americans actually voted.


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[Assistant] 100 million people, over 100 million people, did not vote in 2016. And when they were surveyed as to why,


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[Assistant] Over 40 percent indicated it was due to a barrier, missing a deadline, couldn't get off work, couldn't wait in line for hours.


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[Assistant] What we end up with is a system where a minority of eligible Americans are, are choosing the politicians that make decisions for all of us collectively.


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[Assistant] Trust in the US government and politicians is at an all-time low. And the ballot box isn't helping.


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[Assistant] If we can't even cast a vote easily, why would we ever trust the process or trust politicians? We must put voters first.


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[Assistant] I'll say that again. We must put voters first in election policies and designing a system that serves them.


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[Assistant] Just ask any successful business. We live in an era of same-day shipping, free delivery, lift and Uber, and take-home cocktails.


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[Assistant] And consumers, especially in the height of the pandemic, are choosing their experiences in the comfort of their home and on their schedules.


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[Assistant] We've already designed that process. And Colorado is now one of the best states to vote in and also one of the most secure.


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[Assistant] In 2013, I worked with a group of dedicated leaders to redesign our voting process and pass legislation that put voters first.


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[Assistant] In Colorado, every voter receives a ballot ahead of each election. They're automatically registered to vote.


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[Assistant] There's no overly restrictive deadlines. And with ballot trace, voters can track their ballot just like they would a package.


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[Assistant] Through the process, from the moment it's mailed to the moment the election official receives it for counting.


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[Assistant] Now that system was pioneered in Denver now 11 years ago. And when we designed it,


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[Assistant] We were able to reduce our call volume by 70%.


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[Assistant] And infuse transparency and accountability into the process.


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[Assistant] Now when you get that ballot at home, you can, you can vote it and then mail it back in or drop it off in person. And if you want to vote in person,


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[Assistant] You can do that too. And you're not confined to the government assigned polling places on one day. You can go to any vote center.


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[Assistant] Close to your kid's school, close to work, close to home, and you can do so over a few weeks prior to the election.


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[Assistant] It's been seven years since we passed that legislation and implemented that model. And the results are incredible.


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[Assistant] Colorado increased turnout significantly and now is one of the top states for voter turnout and also one of the most secure.


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[Assistant] We also saw a reduction in costs.


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[Assistant] So because more people were voting at home, we didn't need as many poll workers. And we saw that reduce by over 70%.


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[Assistant] When we went to buy a new voting system, we no longer needed as much equipment. We also saw voters go farther down the ballot to local races and ballot issues.


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[Assistant] And we saw turnout increase on those down-ballot races and issues.


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[Assistant] Those races include mayor and school board and city council.


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[Assistant] And they also include the really long legalese ballot issues that take forever to figure out.


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[Assistant] Voters now have a laptop in reach at their, at their home and they can research candidates and issues on their own time.


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[Assistant] We also have research now that shows that voting by mail and voting at home makes voters more informed because they have all of that extra time.


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[Assistant] As opposed to being in person and worrying about the long line of voters behind you while you're trying to rush through.


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[Assistant] And the final, most important aspect of the results that we've seen out of Colorado is about civics for future voters.


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[Assistant] And I want to share my story with my two elementary children.


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[Assistant] Every time my ballot comes before each election,


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[Assistant] Mike, one of my kids gets it and they always start asking, when are we going to fill out mom's ballot? We sit down together.


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[Assistant] They read the instructions to me, they read the candidate names, and they ask me questions like, Mom, what does governor do? What does the mayor do? Maybe I want to be a mayor someday.


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[Assistant] We research those issues together, we talk about it, and it takes me forever to complete my ballot.


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[Assistant] But I know that I have created, lifelong, civically engaged.


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[Assistant] Voters and future voters that understand that the choices they make on that ballot impact their communities and their world.


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[Assistant] This is the type of voting experience that we want for every voter across the country.


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[Assistant] Many other states have taken notice, including California, Vermont, New Jersey, Hawaii.


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[Assistant] All have expanded options for voting at home this year in 2020. Americans are resilient.


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[Assistant] From burdens and barriers, from inequities, from unfairness, from foreign adversaries and from administrative deficiencies.


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[Assistant] Across the country, voters are choosing to vote at home in record numbers.


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[Assistant] It is safe, it is secure, and we have built-in security measures to deter and detect bad actors who try to interfere with the process.


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[Assistant] Today, voting at home means paper ballots, but in the future, that might look very different.


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[Assistant] Voters deserve an awesome and safe voting experience, free from barriers and burdens.


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[Assistant] It's the politicians that serve us, not the other way around.


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[Assistant] In this lesson, we will learn 20 new vocabulary words. We will use them in sentences too.


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[Assistant] There will also be some surprise questions to help you remember the words better. So get your pencil and notebook and let's get started.


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[Assistant] The men were all, hm, at the funny joke.


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[Assistant] Here are your next four words. Approach. Nervous. Terrible. Laboratory. To approach something means to get closer to it. Approach.


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[Assistant] When a person is nervous they think something bad will happen. Nervous. If something is terrible, it is very bad. Terrible.


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[Assistant] The scientist was working in his...


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[Assistant] The frog was his home after a long trip.


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[Assistant] Nervous. Yeah, he was nervous about his new job.


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[Assistant] Carefully, noise, smell, kill. Carefully means with great attention to safety. Carefully. A noise is an unpleasant sound. Noise.


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[Assistant] To smell something means to use your nose to sense it. Smell. To kill someone of something is to make them die. Kill.


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[Assistant] The hm was so loud it hurt his ears.


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[Assistant] Project is work for a job or school. Project. To shout is to say something loudly. Shout.


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[Assistant] A secret is something you do not tell other people. Secret.


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[Assistant] Evil describes something or someone bad or cruel. Evil. To create means to make something new. Create.


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[Assistant] The villain was an mm man that liked to do bad things.


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[Assistant] Mike likes his class because he gets to do fun projects. Yeah, I like projects. Fun ones. Hmm.


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[Assistant] So great job today, and I will see you for our next lesson. Goodbye.


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[Assistant] You hate doing well in your exams. You hate being a hockey star.


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[Assistant] When he drove all that way just to watch your hockey match. He loves you, Oliver. Can't you understand?


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[Assistant] What about Paris? What about our marriage?


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[Assistant] You still weren't very nice to him about it, Oliver.


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[Assistant] But in a strange way, you want me because I'm not a suitable woman for a Barrett to marry.


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[Assistant] No, but if we stay at home tonight, perhaps I will.


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[Assistant] There was real panic in the royal household as to whether or not these things were going to be celebrated in any way.


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[Assistant] Those people involved to stay together, otherwise you are building yourself up only to be knocked down.


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[Assistant] And you know, remember at that time, divorcees weren't even allowed in the Royal Enclosure at Ascot.


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[Assistant] The Queen said to me, he's come to stay for four days. Look at them.


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[Assistant] Look at all those cars outside as we peeped out of the oak room window. Just look at them. They've come to check out my castle. To make sure it's safe for the president. Can you believe the cheek?


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[Assistant] She said it's safe enough for me, why isn't it safe enough for him?


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[Assistant] I think President and Mrs. Reagan must have thought they'd walked onto a film set because Windsor Castle is a fantastic location on which to perform at the highest level.


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[Assistant] One shot the American administration wanted was the President of the United States, the cowboy.


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[Assistant] We're the Queen of England, riding side by side into the midst of Windsor Great Park.


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[Assistant] Eating from solid gold plates. Drinking out of George III crystal goblets. It's unbelievable. It's down to on speed.


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[Assistant] We're not talking about just someone coming with a suitcase. The Queen Mother used to travel with pictures.


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[Assistant] With oil paintings and completely refurnish one of the rooms.


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[Assistant] And she has dogs too. So there are dogs everywhere running amok. Queen Mother has two corgis, the Queen has nine, and a Labrador. Princess Margaret would bring her dashinged Pipkin. The place was a kennel.


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[Assistant] Friday afternoon after lunch, I would pack the queen.


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[Assistant] And her nine corgis into the back of her little rover.


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[Assistant] There were two corgis in the window at the back, two on the queen's knee, two sat beside her, and several in the well.


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[Assistant] She's in the countryside with her dogs and her horses.


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[Assistant] All she has to do on a Saturday morning is walk down a little flat of stairs through what we call the dog door, through her garden, and she's at her stables.


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[Assistant] The Queen loves raw Alaska wig because it's filled with horses.


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[Assistant] And it's the time of the year when she can actually show off just a little bit by presenting to the world and the racing fraternity the best that she has. She loves it.


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[Assistant] What she wanted to do was make it absolutely perfect for the large family she hoped to have with the Jew of Edinburgh. And really that was quite a job because it was in pretty bad decorative state. It was very dated, very Victorian, and most of all it was really very dark.


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[Assistant] But now she can also really enjoy herself and have these parties. She can invite whoever she wants and say to herself, well, I know I'm a queen, but this has the upside that I can have parties with whoever I like, spend money, which she spends a lot of, spend money, enjoy myself. And the most private place to do this, of course, is Royal Lodge.


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[Assistant] When Queen Elizabeth, Queen Mother, re-entered public life, she did with a ban, where every other Dowager Queen had done it with a whimper.


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[Assistant] Upon the Windsors, and there was the doubt that they would be able to remain relevant.


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[Assistant] There was no question of the fact that no matter how much Princess Anne liked Anne-Japot Caboules.


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[Assistant] Because he was a Roman Catholic, unless he changed his religion, there was no prospect of him marrying her. So, that was it.


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[Assistant] When people talk about Buckingham Palace as a family home, uh, to the House of Windsor, they're wrong. Windsor Castle has been the hub of royal history down the ages. It's where the royals have met, married, been dispatched and hatched.


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[Assistant] Could we postpone our meeting until tomorrow?


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[Assistant] I often think about my childhood.


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[Assistant] He was not punished for using bad language at home.


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[Assistant] We might not be able to fly, but we can still visit the flowery field.


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[Assistant] Thank you for showing me. So, shall we keep going to the flowery field now?


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[Assistant] Why don't you look about in the meadow? You might get an idea for a story there.


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[Assistant] Don't worry. With a little bit of imagination.


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[Assistant] She sort of put her whole life into looking after these girls. And all she thought about was the life they had there.


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[Assistant] She used to talk about the fun they used to have playing. And the huge space there was at Windsor.


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[Assistant] The ordinary parts of the days with the royal family, you know, when they're not out on state visits, what they do at home, how they are as a family.


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[Assistant] Just because there was a lady who had done everything with the finest intentions, there is no salacious gossip.


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[Assistant] Ah, honestly I have to like blow off the dust off the history book for Cam and I.


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[Assistant] I was in dick sand, like red mist was on, like it was like, I couldn't, I saw the gorilla, like I can't, I'm sorry girlfriend, like I was blinded, I was blinded by the lats. But, you live and you learn.


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[Assistant] He got his bowl of Coco Pops and then left for the day. He had his breakfast, he's out. Maybe we both just hit it and quit it. Mutual. There's no ill feelings there.


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[Assistant] To be honest, I'm not really looking forward to seeing Samantha, especially after what happened between Cam and I.


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[Assistant] I regret the fact that you know, we couldn't wait. I couldn't keep it in my pants.


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[Assistant] If she comes at me tonight about that, like, I'm sorry honey, but like, let's just move on.


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[Assistant] Life is so beautiful and this is so dead and gone like ashes to ashes dusted us. So hopefully she'll just let Coco have her peace and then there's nothing but good vibes only baby.


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[Assistant] Cam and I appear on the surface that we would be good together.


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[Assistant] Samantha giving me the frosty reception, like whatever.


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[Assistant] Hating someone is like drinking poison and expecting them to die. I know she probably wants me to die but like, sorry, I'm here.


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[Assistant] Yeah, like, it doesn't surprise me that Cam's not here tonight, like, he ran off from Samantha, he ran away to Queensland, and now he's not here to face the music. If things do come up about Cam and I, it's not fair, because if I've gotta go through the fire, then you've gotta go through the fire.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it didn't really stir up any feelings, so like, I'm good, I think.


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[Assistant] I didn't know if Sam, or Sam.


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[Assistant] And I, if it was strained because of the experiment. Because I saw glimmers.


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[Assistant] Well, it doesn't have eyes or a mouth either. I think it's a something, not a someone. It's a... You don't know either? No.


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[Assistant] Looks lovely and scratchy. I think it might be a special thing little redwood foxes use to scratch their backs. A back scratcher?


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[Assistant] Nuts that are a little bit like seeds. Little grey squirrels love to eat them. They grow right here, on the ground? No, they grow up there.


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[Assistant] A little brown shiny thing. The case would protect the nuts until they're ripe and ready to eat. And then what happens?


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[Assistant] Imagine the size of the body if it had a head this big! Enormous! I think Lutowide's else creature was that big.


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[Assistant] I think it should be scarier. Let's give it some sharp teeth. And what about scary ears?


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[Assistant] I knew it all the time. Besides, squirrels aren't scary. It's a field mouse? Yes. Boo!


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[Assistant] Hmm, there's a lot of white and it's all snow. You're right.


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[Assistant] This is so much fun. I'm hardly noticing that Spring isn't here. But little not brown hair, there are only two places to hide, but there are plenty of places to hide outside the log. But we have to hibernate.


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[Assistant] I've decided I want to go outside and play after all. Little field mice aren't supposed to hibernate. And I don't think little nut brown hairs are supposed to either. Well I'm still staying here.


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[Assistant] Let's play follow the leader. Good idea! You be the leader, little redwood fox, and you try to follow in my footprints. Okay, here I go!


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[Assistant] If I go to sleep, when I wake up, it might be spring.


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[Assistant] Huh? Hmm. One... Two... Three... Freshen Tree!


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[Assistant] This is a notebook. This is an apple. This is a book. This is a pen. Good job. And this is a desk.


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[Assistant] So let's draw this girl again. And we're gonna put a big circle around her. This. This. This. This. This. And this. This.


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[Assistant] Okay. Let's practice. Remember, write these down. Gonna draw a big picture here. And some arrows will come up. Okay. Here we go. Bing. This is you. In the green shirt. First, blue arrow. Oh, and there's the blue arrow.


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[Assistant] Hen, really far from you. Great job. You understand this. But, let's try a bonus. Here we go.


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[Assistant] Today, we will start Lesson 6.


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[Assistant] I'm going to draw some pictures here. Remember to take notes and copy what you see.


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[Assistant] This is a dog. This is a bird. This is a snake. This is a cat. This is a turtle. This is a hamster. Okay, now let's ask a question.


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[Assistant] Whose bird is that? Hmm. Whose? Oh, I know. Let's draw a picture. Let's get some more people here. Our old family members. Okay?


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[Assistant] Okay, you can do it. Remember to take notes and write everything down that you see. Let's try again.


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[Assistant] Ah, see there's a person. Another one. And another one. Let's draw all of these people. And then we can practice.


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[Assistant] It's ours. It's our bird. And it's mine. It's my bird.


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[Assistant] Watch for this and that from the old lessons, okay?


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[Assistant] So we'll draw our picture. Whose dog is this? Ah, it's close. There's a girl. It's hers. It's her dog. Perfect.


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[Assistant] It's theirs. It's their snake.


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[Assistant] Draw some pictures here again. Ah. What is that? Hamster. A cat. Do you remember that? It's a desk. And a cake. Oh. Family. Whose hamster is this? Oh. It's hers. Whose desk is that?


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[Assistant] Okay, you got it. Great job today. Review the video if you need extra help.


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[Assistant] See you for our next lesson. Goodbye.


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[Assistant] You were always a great co-worker. Happy retirement.


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[Assistant] You were always a great co-worker. Happy retirement.


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[Assistant] I think we'll cancel our dessert order and just get the check.


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[Assistant] I think we'll cancel our dessert order and just get the check.


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[Assistant] My name is Ted Smith. I would like to check in.


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[Assistant] My name is Ted Smith. I would like to check in.


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[Assistant] Yes, I put these books back on the shelf.


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[Assistant] Yes, I put these books back on the shelf.


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[Assistant] Sure, I packed an extra canteen just in case. It's full of water.


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[Assistant] Sure, I packed an extra canteen just in case. It's full of water.


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[Assistant] I'd like to confirm my airline reservation.


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[Assistant] I'd like to confirm my airline reservation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, or you can pay for the petrol now and bring it back empty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, or you can pay for the petrol now and bring it back empty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I always used to ask him a lot of questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I always used to ask him a lot of questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And going all this way, so yeaah. Thank you experts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I feel like everyone is getting along so far and no one has said anything outrageous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, last day of the party, thanks everyone for coming today. Been a lot of drama tonight, uhm, but it's been really, really good. Seeing everyone all back together and uhm, let's go home, sleep well and come back tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And reflect it by the mirror and then reaches the detector.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna take a look back at that now. There's something that needs some clarification on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to Day Day Beauty Spa. Do you have a reservation?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to Day Day Beauty Spa. Do you have a reservation?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I've worked part time in a work-study position at my university.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I've worked part time in a work-study position at my university.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I saw Mr. Jones, he was talking with John Smith.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I saw Mr. Jones, he was talking with John Smith.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can join a bus tour, walking tour or a biking tour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can join a bus tour, walking tour or a biking tour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, the pie is homemade, my mother made it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nothing much. Still working in the same place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nothing much. Still working in the same place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hurry up! The movie is about to start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hurry up. The movie is about to start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The boarding passes for your connecting flight in Hong Kong are inside this ticket jacket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The boarding passes for your connecting flight in Hong Kong are inside this ticket jacket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, you do. Your new check encounter is over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, you do. Your new check encounter is over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Happy birthday. May the best be yet to come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Happy birthday. May the best be yet to come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have another call. Stay on the line, please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have another call. Stay on the line, please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Congrats. You did it. You are a step closer to your dream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Congrats. You did it. You are a step closer to your dream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As for my main course, I think I'll have the T-bone steak.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As for my main course, I think I'll have the T-bone steak.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need a taxi to pick me up at the airport at 5am tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need a taxi to pick me up at the airport at 5am tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but we'll give you enough time for lunch when we stop at Little Italy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but we'll give you enough time for lunch when we stop at Little Italy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, I am trying to find the train station. Do you know where it is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, I am trying to find the train station. Do you know where it is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to ask for compensation for my lost luggage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to ask for compensation for my lost luggage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's not too much trouble, can you run some errands for me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's not too much trouble, can you run some errands for me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't show up for 20 minutes, we will give your table to other people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't show up for 20 minutes, we will give your table to other people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, no thanks. I'll just try to get in touch with her later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, no thanks. I'll just try to get in touch with her later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you would like to be seated immediately, there is an outside table available right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you would like to be seated immediately, there is an outside table available right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your nails look very healthy and pretty. Would you like to put on some nail polish?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your nails look very healthy and pretty. Would you like to put on some nail polish?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That sounds good. I'll go with that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That sounds good. I'll go with that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to get my hair dyed auburn with blonde highlights.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to get my hair dyed auburn with blonde highlights.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I had a reservation for four at seven o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I had a reservation for four at seven o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Would you like to supersize that for only 30 cents more?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Would you like to supersize that for only 30 cents more?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, sir. Please come again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, sir. Please come again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like a table for two at 7.30 this evening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like a table for two at seven 30 this evening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We will call you as soon as it arrives and deliver it to your hotel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We will call you as soon as it arrives and deliver it to your hotel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do I have to pay a service charge to use another bank's ATM?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do I have to pay a service charge to use another bank's ATM?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you score below 50%, you'll have to retake the test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you score below 50%, you'll have to retake the test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll have a ticket for the $7.55, first class, please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll have a ticket for the 7.55, first class, please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi everyone! I'm Laura Stahl, the voice behind Mondstadt's deaconess idol, Barbara! Let's do our best today!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, every program so far has been just a little bit different, so I'm pretty sure that there's gonna be some special twists this time around too, isn't there?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's over me. Oh, okay. Okay, Laura. Never have I ever drowned while swimming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To manifest eternity per the almighty shogun's will. That is what I aspire to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you extinguish that cigarette, please? Can you put out that cigarette, please?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Five. Come quickly, a fire has started. Break out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're at the airport, and you want to know what time the plane departs. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're going on a coach trip with some friends and you want to know what time it starts. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three. Your friend is giving you a lift in her car. You want her to let you out at the station. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your friend is going out and you want to know what time she'll return. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want your friend to collect you by car at six o'clock. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're staying at a hotel and you want to know what time you have to vacate your room. You go to the receptionist. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're on a plane flying to Madrid, and you want to know what time the plane lands. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're going to Oxford to see a play, and you want to know if there'll be time to see the town. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want to suggest that you both go into a bar for a drink. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last summer, you did extra work for your boss instead of going on holiday. He asked you if you'd like to do the same thing this year. You think you need to have a holiday this summer. What do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shit! Did not know it was that... Yeah, that took me off guard. I knew there was something going on, but I did not know it was... that intense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your kind heart, your warmth, your support, your sense of humour and your beautiful soul are everything I've asked for. You have made me the happiest I've ever been. Today I can finally tell you Belle, that I am in love with you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What does Belinda mean to me? Uhm, I've never felt this way towards a girl ever before. So, I just want to say thank you to Belle. No, I don't. No, I don't. No, no, I don't, because...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like I said on there, I just can't make a move on a girl at all. That was all the truth. I can't do it at all. And I know I'm weird. I'm different.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not high vis. It's not comfortable. My shoes have got an arch in them. They're not comfortable. But that's okay. I can sometimes dress up if I need to. Yeah, I'm good to go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, he can swim really well. No, he's over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, with Coco, I don't like the girl. She's just not my cup of tea. Her and Cam can sit down at the other end of the table. That would be a good thing for me tonight. For sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The thing is, I don't think I can forgive and forget what they did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I will always remember the hurt I went through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Found out that Cam continued on with Coco in the outside world, but that didn't last very long. Coco actually told everyone that Cam had ghosted her. So they both got a bit of what they deserved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I came into this experiment trying to find love and even though I didn't find it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've learned so much about myself and I wouldn't take back anything I've done or said or how I've acted in. I'm very proud that I left with my head up and knowing that I'll never ever be walked over again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I'm not nervous about anything. I'm going in there tonight to be myself like I always do. Yeah, no, I'm ready.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, look, I could take or leave Coco and Cam after their little rendezvous after the show. Didn't she get ghosted?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes. Who are you excited to see? Who are you not excited to see? Obviously I think I know the first one you're gonna say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I do not forgive you, and I will not ever regret that. You're the flogs!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that he needs to explain a lot about himself and face up to his own doings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that Coco deflected everything, and so has Cameron.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 100% they've gotten out of this scot free. Both Cameron and Coco have gotten out of this scot free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It makes me really upset because I came in here with such a genuine heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I came in here giving my all. I really did. There's no denying that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Until the end, until it is leave and leave. I have not ever gone for any other male in this experiment. Okay. And you did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I do not forgive you, and I will not ever regret that. Okay? You're the flaw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's phenomenal and it's actually quite an honor to be included like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to English at the Movies, where we teach you American English heard at the movies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our saying today is hold them accountable. From the movie The Post.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Add to decide whether to report information the government was keeping secret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen for the phrase, hold them accountable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hold them accountable means make them take responsibility.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here, the newspaper publisher must decide whether to release information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Showing U.S. officials were lying about the war in Vietnam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the film argues, holding people in power accountable is one of the jobs of the media. And that's English at the Movies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh Beth, are you kidding me? That is not a brother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to English at the Movies, where we teach you American English heard at the movies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen for the phrase, my head is pounding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think my head is pounding means I hear gunshots or I have a headache? Listen again. Did you have the right answer?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My head is pounding means I have a headache, a bad headache.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In other words, every part of her life has serious problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I stand in front of you today as a man that's given up on marriage and given up on finding love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was falling in love with Alana. Like, she's the perfect partner for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, it's disappointing, Alana and I, um, you know, you know, I went to a dinner party last night and, um, pretty much strangers and I don't think we said really too many nice words to each other, if at all. At the final of hours, I didn't think that's where we'd be here today. I'd hope that we would have come here together. Um, but we didn't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, our relationship has been, uh, rollercoaster the whole time. When I do bring stuff up with you, it's the wrong way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're not arguing, but I think we're awesome together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's tiresome, like, it just seems like one after the other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And get past these arguments. We do have something special, and I think yeaah, it is worth fighting for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm falling in love with you Alana, and I can't wait to go back to sunny Queensland with you to live our happily ever after.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it was just uhm, it was good to see that and uhm, you know, see the good times that we did have together and uhm, why I did say I was falling in love with Alana.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She made me feel like there was nowhere else she'd rather be than next to me. She made me feel secure and like she's the perfect partner for me. I think uhm, when we're good we're amazing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I feel like maybe for a couple of weeks now we've had ill feelings towards each other and I don't want that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello everybody, welcome back to American Textbook Reading. I'm Brian Stewart. We're on lesson two in our book and we're talking about celebration of holidays. Are you excited about the holidays? Are there any holidays coming up? Of course, every country


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, different types of celebrations. And then we're gonna take a look at that in this unit. We will discover national holidays of the United States. So we're gonna focus on the holidays that are in the United States. We're talking about the national holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holidays. So holidays that are unique or particular to the United States. And of course every country has their own holidays. Let's take a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First of all, when we talk about holidays, what do we do?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think about that. What do you do on a holiday? You have fun, right? You do certain things to celebrate that holiday. And that's what we're talking about. To celebrate is to do something special.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are certain things that we do on different holidays, right? On Christmas, we exchange gifts. Those are special things that we do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On Thanksgiving in America, we'll take a look at that. We eat a certain type of food and we all gather around. So we do special or unique things on every holiday and that's how we celebrate. That's how we, uh, show that it's a holiday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We act differently, we dress differently, we do some certain things on that day to celebrate or to have fun or to honor or to recognize that holiday. And we call that celebrate, to celebrate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, we can also talk about customs, celebrations of holidays,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Doing something. Doing something or behaving in a certain way in a group or a country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, if they have, this looks like a wedding and there are certain types, you know, everybody gets married in all over the world, right? We have weddings all over the world. But how?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People get married is different according to custom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this country they wear certain types of clothing. They do certain types of behavior. They kneel down. A person puts, uh, a nice wreath on a man's head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are different styles of wedding and those different styles have to do with custom. So the usual way of doing something in a group or a country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think about that. Of course you have many customs in Korea that you do things in a certain way that other countries don't do. These of course are customs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, when we talk about holidays, of course we need to know when are those holidays. We need to look at a calendar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A calendar is a set of pages. There are many pages. They're a set. They're all together. A set of pages to show days,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are seven days in a week and we can see the dates. So we can find out exactly what day it is. And if we look closely, sometimes we can see there are holidays. This is March 2012.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are no red letter days. Sad. There's no holidays in this, uh, calendar for March. Too bad. The only red letter days are Sunday because those are the days that we do not work or do not go to school. But no other holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, but anyway, uh, so a set of pages to show days, weeks, and months of the year. Of course, the calendar will also show the holidays. Okay. A national holiday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're talking about holidays, but what is the difference of a national holiday as opposed to just a holiday? Well, a national holiday


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So each country has their own history, right? Each country has important leaders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like for example, politicians or other people that were very important to a society.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's not just about people, it can also be about an event, something that happened in the history of that country. If we want to remember that event, that happening, or we want to remember that person and say, that was a great person, they really helped our country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To honor that person or event. To honor means to remember and to remember in a good way. Wow, that was an important person or that was an important event. We should remember it. Our children should remember it because it's very important to our nation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then it becomes a national holiday, right? It's important to our nation, to our country. It's a national holiday. And those are what national holidays are. There are many kinds of holidays, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Christmas is celebrated in many different countries. No one country can say Christmas is ours. No, they don't say that, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for example, if you have a holiday to honor a past president, then that is only a holiday in that country and that would be a national holiday. So there's a difference between regular holidays and national holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now I told you about, you know, national holidays honor people or events. People can be heroes, right? A hero. What is a hero? A man or woman who is very brave. Very brave and tries to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Others. That's the definition. There's many definitions of heroes. This is one definition of a hero. A person who's brave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they do things to help other people, to help their society. And those are heroes. And we celebrate heroes. We honor heroes by having national holidays after them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we also talk about a folk tale. A folk tale is an old traditional story of a group of people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, different countries will have different histories, right? And a long, if country, if the country is very, very old,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Religion is faith. Faith is like belief.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the existence of a god. Because there are many different types of religions. We can't say god because there are different gods. There's a different god for Christians, a different god for Muslims, a different god for Jews. So there are many different gods, so we say a god.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Faith in the existence of a god, one of many gods, depending on what their religion is. And of course, religion is important when we talk about celebration of holidays, because there are many religious holidays. Different countries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll have different religious holidays. For example, uh, Christmas is a Christian holiday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Passover is a Jewish holiday. So in Israel, they will celebrate, uh, certain holidays according to the Jewish religion. And in other countries, they'll celebrate holidays depending if it's a Muslim country or if it's a Christian country. They'll have different religious holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, belief, we talked about belief, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is a strong feeling of trust in someone or something. So if you have belief in somebody, it means you trust them. Trust is an interesting word. Trust means that you believe that that person will do things


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To help you, not to hurt you. If you trust somebody, they will, you think, they will help me. They would never hurt me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't say, I believe them. By the way, that's an interesting thing. If you say, I believe you, that means I believe you're telling the truth. If you just feel that you, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That the other person won't hurt you, you trust them but if you believe somebody


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That doesn't mean necessarily that you trust them, it just means that you believe they're telling the truth. Okay? So that's a kind of a little bit of difference. Be careful between those two words, trust and believe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you believe somebody, you believe they are telling the truth. They are not lying. If you trust them, that means you think they will never hurt you. They will always help you. So it's a little bit of a difference. But if you have a belief in something, belief in something,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then you have a strong feeling of trust in someone or something. It means you have belief in something, you believe that it's true. You think, ah yeaah, it's true. I believe in that. Okay? So it's a little bit different. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Honor. If you honor somebody, like you honor a person who is important for your country, or you want to show honor for an event, then that means you show respect for. You show respect for something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should res- show respect for obviously older people in your community, parents, teachers, but you also show respect for your national symbols. You show respect for your flag. You honor your flag.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You show respect for important people in the past, heroes or other people important for your country. You show respect for those things because they're important to our society. So you show respect for someone or something that means you honor it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now we've come to our first chart. We're talking about, of course, national holidays of the United States. So we're just focusing on one country, and that happens to be the United States here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're looking at three national holidays of the United States. Of course, there are many holidays in the United States. We're just looking at three of them. We're looking at Memorial Day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day. So let's talk about each holiday and what they are for and what do people do on these holidays. First we have Memorial Day. Now we can see a couple of old soldiers in the picture with the American flag.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are they doing? We'll talk about that. First of all, let's talk about when is Memorial Day. It's the last Monday of May. The last Monday of May. That means that this day


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Changes the date every year because the last Monday of May is not always May 24th or May 25th. It could be different days but it's a Monday. It's always a Monday. Why do people do that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's an interesting point because if you think about it Saturday and Sunday are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holidays are days off. They're not really holidays. They're just days off. You don't go to school or work on Saturday or Sunday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you have a holiday on Monday or Friday, now you have three days off. Yeaah, right? Usually the weekend is two days, Saturday, Sunday. But if you have a holiday on Monday or Friday, it's a three day weekend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A three day weekend. So it's a longer weekend. People have more time to enjoy themselves and to celebrate the holiday. And that's why many holidays are like the last Monday or the first Friday of a month. They put it on those different days for that reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's the last Monday of the May. What do people do on Memorial Day? What is Memorial Day about? We saw the two soldiers here, right? Think about the name though. Memorial Day. Memorial sounds like memory. To remember, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, on Memorial Day, Americans honor


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[Assistant] So these guys, thankfully, fortunately, they did not die in the wars, but they are soldiers. They served in the wars, right? On Memorial Day, we honor soldiers, uh, who went and fought in the country's wars.


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[Assistant] And it's a, you know, it's a day to remember all of the soldiers in every war in the history of that country because unfortunately wars do happen.


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[Assistant] And, uh, the people in the country want to remember the heroes who fought


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[Assistant] Want to remember the people who died and fought in those wars. And that's what Memorial Day is all about. To never forget those people who


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[Assistant] Made the ultimate sacrifice for their country.


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[Assistant] What about Independence Day? Of course we can figure that out by thinking about the word independence.


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[Assistant] To get independence from something. That's always July 4th. That's a set date. That doesn't change. It's not like a Monday or a Friday or a Thursday. That's always the same. It's July 4th.


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[Assistant] Because on this day is the day when Americans celebrate the Declaration of Independence. It's when Americans told Great Britain, hey,


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[Assistant] We don't want to be your colony anymore. We don't want to be part of your country anymore. We want to be an independent country. And of course there was a war fought.


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[Assistant] You guys also have an Independence Day. Many countries around the world have Independence Day. Your Independence Day is on August 15th, isn't it? That's the day that Korea became independent.


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[Assistant] So many countries have their own Independence Day, their own national holiday to remember or to celebrate


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[Assistant] When their country became independent. Of course, this is, uh, a celebration of the Declaration of Independence, which is a document. It's like a letter that the Americans sent to the King of Great Britain saying, we want to be independent.


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[Assistant] So that's the holiday for that, and of course it's a very national holiday. You can see symbols of an American nation, the American flag, the Statue of Liberty. These are very, uh, important symbols to Americans, and they have to do with the fact that America is an independent country. Okay, so that's Independence Day. There's also Thanksgiving Day.


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[Assistant] Thanksgiving Day is very similar to the Korean Chuseok, right? It's a day, and Thanksgiving Day, by the way, is a holiday that's celebrated in many countries. It's not really a national holiday. It's a holiday that is celebrated in different ways in different countries, but of course it's a holiday based on the fact that we're thanking


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[Assistant] For the year's harvest. So every country, you know, every country grows food, right?


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[Assistant] All countries have that tradition where farming was very important, where you grow food in the fall, the food is ready to be picked, you get that food, and then you celebrate. Hey, we have a lot of food, let's have a celebration.


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[Assistant] So Thanksgiving Day is the fourth Thursday of November. So this is another one of these holidays, right? These two holidays, the dates change every year.


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[Assistant] It's the fourth Thursday of November. Why Thursday? I'm not sure. But anyway, it's the Thursday. And of course, Thanksgiving Day is usually Thursday, and people don't usually work on Friday. So, uh, they usually take the day off. Thursday, Friday, and of course, Saturday and Sunday.


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[Assistant] There are many things that people will do on Thanksgiving Day. Of course, one of the things they do is eat a lot of food because they're celebrating. They have so much food, right? That's what the, uh, traditional holiday is. So Americans give their thanks for the year's harvest. They give their thanks


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[Assistant] To the fact that uhm, there's a lot of food that the farmers have grown.


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[Assistant] Of course in modern days, we don't really think about that as much. We're not connected to farming.


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[Assistant] A lot more people don't farm, but we still use that day to give thanks not just for the food, but also for our families.


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[Assistant] In New York, there is a famous Thanksgiving Day parade.


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[Assistant] It just kind of evolved, I think a department store in New York started this parade and it just became part of the traditional part of Thanksgiving. People come out, they look at the parade, uh, if you're in New York, you do this. Some people will watch it on television.


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[Assistant] Another thing that Americans will do on Thanksgiving Day, they will watch football. Football, of course, is an American, uh, sport. Not soccer, but football, where they carry the ball and they throw it, right? And that's also a very important, uh, they always have important games on Thanksgiving Day.


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[Assistant] So the guys will watch TV, they'll watch the football game and usually the women unfortunately they have to do most of the work and they, uh,


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[Assistant] Eating turkey and many side dishes and being together with your family. That's very important. Many people travel from school or their work to be with their parents on Thanksgiving Day. It's a very important holiday for travel.


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[Assistant] Okay, so those were the three main holidays that we talked about in the United States. Let's talk about, uh, let's do our exercise. We're gonna match our, the words with the definitions. So we have celebrate, celebrate, custom, custom, calendar, calendar,


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[Assistant] National holiday. National holiday. Hero. And folktale. Folktale. Let's take a look at the definitions. Number one.


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[Assistant] Uh, it says story. Now when we take a look at story, story is very similar to


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[Assistant] To do something special. To behave in a certain way.


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[Assistant] To wear certain clothes or to act in a certain way, to do some type of thing or activity


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[Assistant] For a day or an event. What do we call that? Well, we would call that to celebrate. To, that we're recognizing that, hey, this is a holiday. Let's celebrate the holiday. And of course, there are many ways to celebrate something. You can have a meal together.


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[Assistant] You can go watch a parade. You can watch, uh, uh, a football game on television, right? The Thanksgiving Day football game, for example.


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[Assistant] Uh, of course, parades are very common, uh, to, to go and look. We saw a couple examples of that. We saw the old soldiers in a parade. We saw the Thanksgiving parade in New York. How do you spell parade? P-A-R-A-D.


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[Assistant] So, you do something special for a day or event. One of those things is to have a parade or go look at a parade. Okay, number three, a set of pages, pages that are together and they show days, weeks and months of a year.


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[Assistant] It has the days of the week, right? Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday. And it also shows the days, the number, uh, the numbers show the days of the month. What do we call that set of pages? Of course, that would be a calendar.


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[Assistant] A calendar is a set of pages that show days, weeks, and months of a year. You look at a calendar and you can find out when are the holidays for that year. Number four.


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[Assistant] A man or woman who is very brave and tries to help others. Very important people in our societies, right? Important people who try to help each, help other people and they are very brave. What do we call these people? We want to honor these people. We call them


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[Assistant] Number five, a day. Now we're looking at a day. A day to honor an important person or event.


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[Assistant] So it's a day that we set aside, right, to honor an important person or something that happened. What do we call that?


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[Assistant] We call that a national holiday, a national holiday.


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[Assistant] Okay, number six. The usual way of doing something in a group or country. The usual way. The normal way of doing something. And each country has different ways of doing something. So in one country, people will get married, they'll have a wedding in this way, or they'll have a wedding in a different way.


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[Assistant] And when we talk about the differences, what are we talking about? We are talking about customs.


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[Assistant] So a custom. A custom is a special way or usual way that a group or a country does a certain thing. Those are the customs of that country.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's take a look at some, we talked about heroes, right? We defined what that word means and that was one of the words in our matching word and definition exercise.


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[Assistant] Who are some heroes? What are some examples of heroes? We see three important American heroes in this chart.


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[Assistant] We see, uh, first of all, we see Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. That's a long name, right? His name of course is Martin Luther King.


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[Assistant] He's a doctor, which means he has a very advanced degree from a university. And his father was also named Martin King. So we call him Junior. Whenever a son has the same name as his father, we say Junior.


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[Assistant] Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., very important person. That's our first hero. Second one is Abraham Lincoln. And the third one is Rosa Parks. Let's talk about each hero. First, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He helped all Americans have the same rights.


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[Assistant] Dr. Martin Luther King was very important in the 1960s in America because at that time there was a white society and there was black society. Of course they were all together in the same country.


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[Assistant] But there was a lot of separation, right? White people wanted to stay apart.


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[Assistant] And, uh, governments had to change their laws in different states and also for the whole country, not just to help black people, but to help people of all races, to make sure that all people are equal no matter what their race is.


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[Assistant] Now, we have a video here, and every day, uh, er, er, not every day, but every year, there is a celebration of Martin Luther King Jr. And, uh, that is called the Martin Luther King Jr. Day, of course, and they have parades. You see the words, we believe, here.


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[Assistant] That comes from a very, uh, famous speech that Dr.


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[Assistant] Ah, Martin Luther King gave, as I believe.


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[Assistant] He believes in a country where all people are equal.


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[Assistant] Where white and black can sit down at the table of brotherhood. They can sit down at the same table. And all nations, all races can be equal. That was his belief. That was his dream. And because of him and other very important people in society in the 1960s,


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[Assistant] Those dreams became law and now America has laws to make sure that people are treated equally and fairly in society. So he was a very important hero to American history and American society.


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[Assistant] Our next hero is Abraham Lincoln. You've probably heard of him. He was an American president a long time ago. He was president during a war in America. It wasn't a war that America fought with another country. It was a war that America fought with itself.


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[Assistant] Free black Americans. At that time, black Americans were slaves in the south, not in the north. They were free in the north, but southern states had the pros- had the, uhm,


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[Assistant] Uh, institution of slavery and the northern states didn't like that.


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[Assistant] The southern states, they felt they needed it for their economy. So they split and they had a war.


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[Assistant] Now, Abraham Lincoln was the president during this time. It was a very, very difficult time. And he, of course, worked to give freedom to African Americans. He was part of the north, uh, uh, the northern states who were fighting to help free, uh, black Americans.


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[Assistant] So he's a very important president, uh, he's very difficult time of American, uh, history, and he's very, he's credited or he's honored because he helped keep America together.


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[Assistant] If it weren't for him and other people, of course, who are fighting in the North, America might be two different nations right now. But it's still one nation, mostly because of Abraham Lincoln.


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[Assistant] Abraham Lincoln is a very important hero in American history, of course. And there is a very big statue and building dedicated, built for his memory. And it's called the Lincoln Memorial. The Lincoln Memorial. And this is a very impressive building.


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[Assistant] It's a whole building is built for, to honor this man. And if you go in there, you see the huge statue. It's huge.


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[Assistant] And I've been there in Washington DC. It's really big. You stand up and you look at it. You can't really see, but on the wall behind him are the words of his famous speeches. Not only on the walls, but on the sides too. Not only on the back wall. So you can go there and it's a very


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[Assistant] Calm, it's a very impressive, uh, area, and you can read some of his famous speeches in big letters that are carved into the wall behind him. And that's the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C., the capital of America.


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[Assistant] Okay, well that brings us to our third hero. Her name is Rosa Parks. Who is Rosa Parks? Was she a famous politician? Was she an important speaker like Dr. Martin Luther King? No, she was an ordinary woman. But we honor her because what did she do? She refused to give up her seat to white people.


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[Assistant] An ordinary woman sitting on a bus in a southern state.


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[Assistant] And in that time, it sounds like a strange, uh, definition or a strange event. What was going on? Well, in the South, like I said before, during the 1960s and before the 1960s, black society and white society were separate. Black people were supposed to sit on the back of the bus.


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[Assistant] So when she came on the bus, she was tired. She sat down there, uh,


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[Assistant] She sat down in the seat. A white person came onto the bus and said, you have to move to the back of the bus. She said, no, I don't want to. It's not right. And she's correct.


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[Assistant] Because she did that, it got, uh, there was a large, a big news story. Many people heard about what she did. And many people said, yeah, that's right. It's not right that she has to give up her seat just because she's black. Give up her seat to a white person. And because of that, because of this news, what she did,


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[Assistant] Many black people demonstrated and they stopped riding the buses.


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[Assistant] And so, uh, what happened was it was like a big show of, uh, support for Rosa Parks.


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[Assistant] Wasn't involved in the civil rights movement. He was a hundred years before that. Almost a hundred years before that.


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[Assistant] But of course, he was credited with ending slavery. So in fact, all of these heroes have something in common. They all have in common the fact that they helped to make America a free and equal society for all Americans, black and white. And that's what these three heroes have in common. Okay, let's take a look here.


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[Assistant] Take a look at our small quiz. We have the pictures of the three different heroes. Do you remember what I just told you about them? Can you write the name of each person? Let's review very quickly.


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[Assistant] This person here, uh, was a former president of the United States. He was credited with keeping the nation together during a civil war, when the North, northern states fought with the southern states. The northern states won, slavery was ended, and he was credited


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[Assistant] A lot of, uh, of that. He worked to help free the American, uh, the slaves. Black Americans, African Americans. What is his name? His name is Abraham Lincoln.


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[Assistant] Okay, this picture here, we have a woman here, uh, is she, what was, why is she a hero? What is her, uh, famous act?


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[Assistant] She was on a bus in a southern state and she refused to give up her seat to a white person. And the news of her act spread very wide and helped, uh, start the civil rights movement in the United States. Her name of course is Rosa Parks.


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[Assistant] Of course, this man here, uh, very, very important for the civil rights movement. In fact, they lived at the same time. He heard about her event and he used her event in his speeches and in his efforts to help


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[Assistant] Fight for equality for all races, not just black people in America, but for all races to make sure that American society is free and equal to everybody, no matter what the color of their skin. His name, of course, is Martin Luther King Jr.


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[Assistant] And of course we say Dr. Martin Luther King because he has an advanced degree from the university.


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[Assistant] Okay, so these are the three American heroes, and uh, actually there are holidays. There's a holiday for Abraham Lincoln, there's a holiday for Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks does not have her own holiday, but she is part, of course, of the civil rights movement in America. Okay. Now we've come to our true-false questions.


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[Assistant] Number one, a folk tale is a traditional story of a group of people. So a folk story is a traditional story of a group of people. Does that sound right? Let's take a look.


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[Assistant] Folk is like a traditional word that we talk about people. Folk and people are the same idea. Folk and people. But folk is a traditional word for people. A tale is a story.


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[Assistant] So this sounds correct, right? And absolutely, this is true. A folktale is a traditional story of a group of people. So every country has their own traditions, every country has their own folk stories.


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[Assistant] Okay, number two. A hero. A hero, of course, is a person, a man or woman, who does a great thing. Somebody who's brave and they, uh, try to help other people. Well, that's a great thing, isn't it? If somebody's brave and they try to help other people,


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[Assistant] Strange way of doing something in a group. So something's doing something strange, not normal, right? They're getting married in a weird way.


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[Assistant] Maybe they're normally in a marriage ceremony. The man wears a black tuxedo and the woman wears a white wedding dress.


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[Assistant] But in this wedding, the man is wearing a pink dress and the woman is wearing, uh, a business suit, a man's business suit. That's not custom, right? That would be unusual.


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[Assistant] So, custom is the unusual. Un means not usual. Is that right? No, that's not right. That's false.


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[Assistant] Custom is the usual way of doing something in a group. So in a society or in a country when people usually do something this way, and it could be different from different countries, but in that country,


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[Assistant] In that group, people do the same thing, the usual thing, in order to do something that is custom. For example, in Korea, it's custom to bow to each other. That is the usual way to say hello or goodbye to somebody.


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[Assistant] That would be custom. If you did something different, like made a face at somebody, that's the unusual way. That's not custom, right? That would not be custom. Okay, custom is to bow. Okay.


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[Assistant] Okay, that wraps it up for the vocabulary section. Uh, we're gonna take a short break here. We'll come back and we'll take a look at the reading.


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[Assistant] Okay, welcome back. Let's go over the reading section. Uh, here we have our first sentence, which is our topic sentence, in the United States. There are special times that people celebrate. So, it's important to, first of all, quantify or state where are we talking, right? Of course, there are, there are


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[Assistant] Special times that people celebrate all over the world, but we're not gonna talk about all over the world. We're gonna narrow it down. We're gonna focus to just the United States. Because if we talk about all the world, then that's really long. That's maybe too much. We want to focus down to one country.


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[Assistant] In the United States, there are special times that people celebrate. Special times that people celebrate. These special times, of course, are holidays.


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[Assistant] And we celebrate those. We do something special to remember that day.


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[Assistant] Okay, now what we're going to hear in the rest of the reading passage are examples of these special days. And the first one is an example. Independence Day is a national holiday to honor America's independence from the United Kingdom. Okay, so we have Independence Day.


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[Assistant] Right, that's our first special time, our first holiday. It's a national holiday. Why? Why is it a holiday? What do we do? What?


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[Assistant] What is important about that day? It's to honor America's independence. It's the time that America became an independent country. Independent from whom? From the United Kingdom, from Great Britain.


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[Assistant] Okay, so that's Independence Day. Americans also have a national holiday called Thanksgiving Day. Of course, many countries have similar, uh, days to Thanksgiving Day. For example, Chuseok is Korean Thanksgiving Day.


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[Assistant] Americans also celebrate Thanksgiving Day. By the way, it's not just about the holiday for the harvest, it's also about


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[Assistant] Uh, very thankful when Americans first came to America, they had a very difficult time and the American Indians helped them out. And some people say that Thanksgiving Day is, is, uh, is started when the Americans wanted to


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[Assistant] They celebrate the long time custom to give thanks for the year's harvest. And that's the main point of Thanksgiving Day. The long time custom.


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[Assistant] Long time custom of course means people usually gave thanks when their crops are grown and it's time to gather the food. Many countries have a Thanksgiving day, a type of day for that.


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[Assistant] Okay, besides Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day, there are also special days to remember the hard work of people in the society, in the society of the country.


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[Assistant] So there are other days, there are other holidays, there are also special days to remember, uh, people who did hard work, people who were heroes or tried to help other people. Veterans Day.


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[Assistant] And Memorial Day are to honor military heroes in the history of the United States. We took a look at Memorial Day. Remember I said Memorial Day is the day that we set aside to honor the soldiers who died when fighting wars for their country.


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[Assistant] Veterans Day, what's Veterans Day? Veterans Day is just to honor the people who served in


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[Assistant] Uh, whether or not they fought in a war or not. But, so there's two different days. Memorial Day is to honor the soldiers who died, but what about the soldiers who lived? That day is Veterans Day.


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[Assistant] So there's two different days to celebrate or to honor the two different groups of soldiers. Some soldiers who died, some soldiers who, who lived and survived, but they still served their country, uh, whether it's a time of war or a time of peace, they still served their country, they sacrificed for their country, their time.


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[Assistant] And their, uh, efforts and they worked hard to keep their country safe. So there's two different days to honor them. And of course these are all military heroes.


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[Assistant] People who served in the military, the army, the navy, the air force and of course the marines for different types of military services in the United States. So these days honor those military men and women.


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[Assistant] Okay, we also have holidays when we talk about religion and folktales, our shared customs in society.


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[Assistant] Uhm, these are shared customs because many people in a group or a country, not


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[Assistant] In America, there's many different religions. There's not just one religion. There's one religion that is most common, but of course there are many different religions. So these different groups will have, uh, customs within that group and they might have different holidays at certain times of the year.


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[Assistant] Also folktales, uh, people share, uh, folktales, customs, uh, about those things. For example, in America, Paul Bunyan is a folktale. Uh, he wasn't a real person, but people talk about him. It's a folktale.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and they might have, uh, certain customs that they, they have about Paul Bunyan. Some places, some towns might have special celebrations to celebrate folk heroes.


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[Assistant] Some people have belief in God. Some people have belief in God. And there are different people who believe in different gods too. Okay? And some people don't believe in God. Okay?


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[Assistant] But people who do believe in God, some people who believe in God, they also celebrate special times like Christmas.


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[Assistant] Yeah, that's true, but actually Christmas in the United States is becoming, it's a holiday not just for religious people, but non-religious people also celebrate Christmas. Of course, Christmas has a religious background. It's the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.


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[Assistant] People who aren't religious also celebrate Christmas because it's a time again to get together with family and exchange presents. So it's very interesting in America. Christmas is a Christian holiday, but it's also a holiday celebrated by many people who don't believe in God. So that's very interesting, or in Jesus Christ.


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[Assistant] So, but it, as I have, uh, its origin or its traditional background is in religion. Okay.


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[Assistant] In the United States, there are many special dates. Of course, there are many special dates on the calendar to celebrate being American. Those are our national holidays, right? For example, Independence Day, Memorial Day.


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[Assistant] Those are days that we celebrate being American. And of course, certain days like Martin Luther King Day, that's also a very important American national holiday to celebrate being American and being part of the tradition of the fact that everybody should be equal. Okay.


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[Assistant] Now we've come to our reading skill, classify. Now we can classify, uh, certain types of holidays and talk about the details.


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[Assistant] Uh, because our main idea is national holidays of the United States. So that's our main idea, right? That's our big idea that we're talking about in the passage. In the passage we looked at different types of holidays.


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[Assistant] And we can classify them. What are their names and what are the details about those holidays? Let's take a look.


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[Assistant] We have the names of the holiday here, and then we have the details over here. But we have blanks. We have to fill them in. We have four different blanks. We have to fill them in with these words down here. Our words are heroes, independence day, harvest, and memorial.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's figure this out. Uh, obviously, two of the blanks.


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[Assistant] Are the names are part of a name of a holiday. The first one is a name of a holiday. We don't know what it is. Let's look at the detail to figure it out.


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[Assistant] That's easy, right? The Independence. We're looking at what? Independence Day. That's what it is. Independence Day is the day to honor the independence from the United Kingdom. When America told the United Kingdom,


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[Assistant] We don't want to be part of your country anymore. We want to be our own independent country. Okay, the next one is Thanksgiving Day.


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[Assistant] We know that, but we need to fill in the detail. To give thanks for the year's what? Right? We talked about that before. Many countries have a Thanksgiving Day, and it's important in traditional societies, right? To give thanks for the year's what? What do farmers do in the fall? Of course, they harvest the food. So to give thanks for the year's harvest.


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[Assistant] Okay, next one is Veterans Day, comma, and another day.


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[Assistant] Another day that's very similar to Veterans Day. Now what do these days do? They honor military, beep, in the history of the United States. So we're talking about Veterans Day and of course we're talking about Memorial Day. These two


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is just to honor all men and women who served. All men and women who served in the military. Memorial Day is to honor those soldiers who died.


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[Assistant] Okay, so two different days to honor military heroes in the United States. Of course you don't have to die.


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[Assistant] To be a hero, right? But of course people who do die, they have made the ultimate sacrifice, uh, to, for their country.


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[Assistant] Okay, so Veterans Day and Memorial Day, honoring military heroes in the history of the United States. So this chart shows us different holidays and gives us a little bit of details or, uh, background about what those holidays are.


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[Assistant] Okay, now we've come to our reading comprehension questions. How well do you remember the reading passage? The details in the reading passage. Let's take a look. Number one.


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[Assistant] What can you use to know when a holiday is? So in the year there are many different holidays. How do you know when the holiday is? What can you use to find that information out?


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[Assistant] Well, we have three choices. A. Belief B. Christmas C. Calendar


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[Assistant] So A, you can use a belief to know when a holiday is? That doesn't sound right. That's kind of silly. You can use Christmas to know when a holiday is? I don't know when Easter is. Let's use Christmas. That doesn't make sense.


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[Assistant] Can you use a calendar? Ah, a calendar is a set of pages that show the month, the days, and the weeks of the year, and of course it also shows you the holidays. So we use a calendar to know when a holiday is. Number two, religion and beep.


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[Assistant] Our shared customs in society.


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[Assistant] So when we talk about customs, you know, where do customs come from? Well, one area is religion. What's another area that customs come from? Do customs come from a calendar? No, customs do not come from a calendar. A calendar is just a tool that we use to figure out what day it is.


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[Assistant] How about religion and folktales are shared customs in society? Well yea, sure. Folktales are traditional stories about a group of people. So religion and folktales are shared customs in society. That's true. Let's just look at C for example or practice.


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[Assistant] Religion and military heroes are shared customs? Military heroes are customs? That doesn't make sense, right? Military heroes are people, they're not customs.


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[Assistant] Folk tales are customs, right? For example, in Europe, there are many folk tales that are, uh, very old. Hans Christian Andersen, maybe you've heard of him, he has written many folk tales, and they become customs in certain parts of Europe, and also parts of America too, where his stories are used. And these are folk tales. Okay, let's take a look at number three.


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[Assistant] How do Americans celebrate the year's harvest? Remember, harvest is when the farmers gather their food. The food has grown. It's in the fall. The plants are ready to pick.


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[Assistant] Right, you can pick your corn, your tomatoes, your onions, wheat, rice.


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[Assistant] You can get all that stuff, that's your harvest.


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[Assistant] By having Christmas on Thanksgiving Day.