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[Assistant] You hear about this? The Talk. It's where you sit your children down and you explain to them how to respond respectfully when law enforcement pulls them over. And see, I'm down for that. And I think that's a responsible thing to do as a parent. You sit your children down, you tell them to be respectful to our law enforcement.


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[Assistant] So strap in and enjoy the ride, we'll be out of here in no time. Okay Trump, this is the craziest shit I've ever seen. I, it's maybe it's his reality show background.


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[Assistant] This is a historical time in the history of our country. A historical time. Because this is the first time I've ever seen white people embarrassed by another white person. This shit is crazy!


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[Assistant] See, I want to take this time to explain to white people what Barack Obama meant to black people. See, we didn't like Barack because he was black. Okay, maybe we did, but that's not the point.


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[Assistant] We like Barack because he was good and he represented something for us. He symbolized something for black people. See Barack Obama winning the presidency symbolized for black people. The first time in the history of us being in this country that we felt like we won.


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[Assistant] You know what's crazy man, is if I had one wish, I wish that we can erase hate. Because hate, hate, it's killing us as people.


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[Assistant] But he raised hate, man, because hate creates racism.


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[Assistant] It creates fear, it creates prejudice, and now it's going from racism and it's transforming, and now we have gaycism.


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[Assistant] You know what I think gay people need if they really want their equality, if they really want their civil rights? I think they need a gay civil rights leader. Yea, they need like a Martin Luther King. But a gay one.


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[Assistant] You let freedom ring, you let freedom ring through the segregated bathrooms of North Carolina. Who cares if you're transgender, if you're female, as long as you


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[Assistant] See, the shit that I'm preaching, I'm not just preaching, I'm living.


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[Assistant] But when it comes home to your house, that's when shit changes, man. See me, I'ma tell y'all a real story, okay? Real story.


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[Assistant] My daughter came to me at 15 years old. She's 17 now. Wonderful girl. She comes to me, she goes,


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[Assistant] But you know, when she first hit me with the news, I said, that's how you gonna break the news to me? You gonna tell me in the form of a song? I kissed the girl and I think I liked it? Is that the new shit kids are doing? Hey dad, I'm fucking up in school. What happened? I fucked up the commas. I fucked up the commas, yeaah.


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[Assistant] I said, listen, baby girl, I said, you're 15 years old. You are entitled to experience things and find your way. You know, you're a young kid and you know, who knows when you go to college, you know, you may feel differently. And she stopped me. She said, dad, but what if I'm gay?


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[Assistant] Well, baby girl, I said, uhm, if you are gay, and this is the life that you chose, or better yet, the life that chose you, understand, you got a tough road ahead of you. See, the world may judge you. Some people will outcast you. Some people gonna look at you funny. Others will never accept you.


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[Assistant] And I'ma tell you something, when my daughter, my daughter date this girl, and she wind up getting a little heartbroken.


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[Assistant] And so I know he's getting bigger, man, you know, cause he keep coming up to me, you know, and seeing how tall he is on me, he be measuring like, hey damn, look, I'm almost your height. I be looking at him like, nigga, I'll fuck you up.


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[Assistant] You go out there and you score 40 points, you could come back here, you could look me in my face and go, hey dad, fuck you.


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[Assistant] He played amazing! And he gets fouled. He brought his team back from a 30 point deficit. He gets fouled. There's two seconds left on the clock. He goes to the line. He has 38 points. Bop, bop, bop.


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[Assistant] Clock goes off, they lose by one. I am so happy.


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[Assistant] Did I seen the great that I knew he could be since birth? That we're raising kings and queens, and they're better than us. They love harder, they live harder, they better than us. And you know something beautiful, y'all?


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[Assistant] We've harnessed electricity, sequenced the human genome, and eradicated smallpox.


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[Assistant] But after billions of dollars in research, we haven't found a solution for a disease that affects more than 14 million people and their families at any given time.


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[Assistant] Cancer arises as normal cells accumulate mutations.


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[Assistant] Most of the time, cells can detect mutations or DNA damage and either fix them or self-destruct.


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[Assistant] However, some mutations allow cancerous cells to grow unchecked and invade nearby tissues or even metastasize to distant organs.


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[Assistant] It's not just one disease. There are more than 100 different types, and we don't have a magic bullet that can cure all of them.


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[Assistant] For most cancers, treatments usually include a combination of surgery to remove tumors and radiation and chemotherapy to kill any cancerous cells left behind.


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[Assistant] Hormone therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted treatments tailored for a specific type of cancer are sometimes used too.


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[Assistant] In many cases, these treatments are effective and the patient becomes cancer-free.


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[Assistant] But they're very far from 100% effective 100% of the time.


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[Assistant] So what would we have to do to find cures for all the different forms of cancer?


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[Assistant] We're beginning to understand a few of the problems scientists would have to solve. First of all, we need new, better ways of studying cancer.


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[Assistant] Most cancer treatments are developed using cell lines grown in labs from cultures of human tumors.


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[Assistant] These cultured cells have given us critical insights about cancer genetics and biology, but they lack much of the complexity of a tumor in an actual living organism.


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[Assistant] It's frequently the case that new drugs which work on these lab-grown cells will fail in clinical trials with real patients.


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[Assistant] One of the complexities of aggressive tumors is that they can have multiple populations of slightly different cancerous cells.


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[Assistant] Over time, distinct genetic mutations accumulate in cells in different parts of the tumor, giving rise to unique subclones.


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[Assistant] For example, aggressive brain tumors called glioblastomas can have as many as six different subclones in a single patient.


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[Assistant] This is called clonal heterogeneity, and it makes treatment difficult because a drug that works on one subclone may have no effect on another. Here's another challenge.


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[Assistant] A tumor is a dynamic, interconnected ecosystem where cancer cells constantly communicate with each other and with healthy cells nearby.


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[Assistant] They can induce normal cells to form blood vessels that feed the tumor and remove waste products.


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[Assistant] They can also interact with the immune system to actually suppress its function, keeping it from recognizing or destroying the cancer.


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[Assistant] If we could learn how to shut down these lines of communication, we'd have a better shot at vanquishing a tumor permanently.


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[Assistant] Additionally, mounting evidence suggests we'll need to figure out how to eradicate cancer stem cells.


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[Assistant] These are rare, but seem to have special properties that make them resistant to chemotherapy and radiation.


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[Assistant] In theory, even if the rest of the tumor shrinks beyond detection during treatment, a single residual cancer stem cell could seed the growth of a new tumor.


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[Assistant] Figuring out how to target these stubborn cells might help prevent cancers from coming back.


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[Assistant] Even if we solved those problems, we might face new ones.


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[Assistant] Cancer cells are masters of adaptation, adjusting their molecular and cellular characteristics to survive under stress.


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[Assistant] When they're bombarded by radiation or chemotherapy, some cancer cells can effectively switch on protective shields against whatever's attacking them by changing their gene expression.


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[Assistant] Malignant cancers are complex systems that constantly evolve and adapt.


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[Assistant] To defeat them, we need to find experimental systems that match their complexity and monitoring and treatment options that can adjust as the cancer changes. But the good news is, we're making progress.


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[Assistant] Even with all we don't know, the average mortality rate for most kinds of cancer has dropped significantly since the 1970s and is still falling.


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[Assistant] We're learning more every day, and each new piece of information gives us one more tool to add to our arsenal.


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[Assistant] History repeats, but science reverberates. That's a quote from the Pulitzer Prize winning book, The Emperor of All Maladies, a biography of cancer. We highly recommend you read or listen to this extraordinary book.


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[Assistant] If you visit audible.com slash TedEd, you can download an audio version of this book for free. TedEd is a nonprofit and using either of these methods to select your next great book helps us continue to create free educational videos for everyone.


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[Assistant] You're free to go not towards your stronghold but towards...


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[Assistant] Yes, Zero's gone to attack a Britannian research facility. He's kept the location and mission secret.


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[Assistant] It's true that more factions are caving into Britannia, so we need to move very quickly, as you say.


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[Assistant] Understood. This is what Zero wants, isn't it?


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[Assistant] He's been acting strangely since the meeting a few days ago. No. He's been hiding something from us for a long time before that.


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[Assistant] For Zero's sake, if the deputy commander is collaborating with the enemy, then-


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[Assistant] Ellington needs to keep his singing cool so the guys can sleep.


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[Assistant] That was a close call, big brother. Shirley regained her memory. She had a gun, and she was coming after you.


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[Assistant] We are gathered here today for the purpose of uniting in matrimony, Paul Katami and Jeff Zerillo.


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[Assistant] So Paul, you take Jeff to be your lawful wedded spouse.


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[Assistant] Jeff, do you take Paul to be your lawful wedded spouse? I do.


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[Assistant] And so, on behalf of the state of California, let me pronounce you married.


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[Assistant] Wait, what about the clothes? Oh, what am I gonna do? Walk around Williamsburg in a three thousand dollar gown? Oh my god. Wait a minute. Grab everything with a price tag on it that we can resell. Or that you'd think I'd look amazing in.


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[Assistant] I have all the essentials. Tampons, toilet paper, comforter, body swimmer.


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[Assistant] Wait, what about the clothes? Oh, what am I gonna do? Walk around Williamsburg in a three thousand dollar gown? Oh my god. Wait a minute. Grab everything with a price tag on it that we can resell. Or that you'd think I'd look amazing in.


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[Assistant] Wait, what about the clothes? Oh, what am I gonna do? Walk around Williamsburg in a three thousand dollar gown? Oh my god. Wait a minute. Grab everything with a price tag on it that we can resell. Or that you'd think I'd look amazing in.


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[Assistant] Then I looked down and I realized there is a phone... there.


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[Assistant] Whisper, whisper, what can you do? I'm Whisper. I can talk to you.


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[Assistant] Oh boy, yeaah, this is, this looks tough. The bell rang and the students all went to the auditorium with their teacher.


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[Assistant] To get something in this case means to answer the door. We can also say this when we answer the phone.


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[Assistant] People gather with family, give thanks for everything in their lives, and have a big family dinner.


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[Assistant] Break up with someone to end a romantic relationship with someone. Example, I'm so sad to hear Lucy broke up with Kevin.


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[Assistant] If someone is out of town, he or she is temporarily away from home traveling. Example. I missed my wife and kids when I was out of town for two weeks. Come over.


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[Assistant] Saying are you coming over is the same as are you coming to my house? Similarly, to have someone over means to invite someone to come to one's home. For a meal, party, visit, cards, the evening, etc. Example. We'd love to have you come over for dinner someday.


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[Assistant] If something or someone creeps you out, it or they give you an unpleasant feeling of fear or unease.


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[Assistant] While you're at it. Used for telling someone to do something while they are doing something else. Example. Are you watching that popular American series?


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[Assistant] While you're at it, why don't you take some notes so you can improve your English?


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[Assistant] We can use this to refer to a person's genitals in a vague way.


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[Assistant] As you might notice, these are funny ways in which Monica calls a woman and a man sexual organs. Tender means soft.


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[Assistant] This is humorous because they sound childish and too innocent for someone her age to use these words, as Rachel points out.


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[Assistant] This is the most common word to refer to someone you live with


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[Assistant] Who is not a family member. Although this term contains the word room, it does not necessarily mean that you share the same room with this person.


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[Assistant] It could be someone you share an entire apartment or house with. Example. I live in a huge, beautiful apartment downtown, but I have three roommates.


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[Assistant] I'm Ross' little sister. We use little with sister or brother to say that one is younger in age than her sibling. In contrast, the older sibling would be the big brother or sister. Example.


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[Assistant] My big brother lives in London, and my little sister still lives with her parents.


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[Assistant] Chandler laughs and says okay in a sarcastic tone because although Monica is Ross's younger sister, she is quite big or in other words, fat.


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[Assistant] Plenty of something. A large number or amount of something. Example. There's plenty of food for everyone.


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[Assistant] Macaroni is a type of pasta in the shape of an elbow. The popular American dish, macaroni and cheese, consists of this type of pasta with a creamy cheese sauce. It's super tasty, I recommend you try it.


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[Assistant] Pilgrims. People who make a journey, usually to a holy place for a religious reason.


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[Assistant] Thanksgiving is a holiday based on the tradition of the pilgrims who emigrated to America from England in the 1600s. So in the USA,


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[Assistant] Used to say that you're eager to take part in something that is being discussed. Example. A heavy metal concert for free? I'm in.


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[Assistant] Dump. To break up with your significant other. That is your boyfriend or girlfriend. Slut.


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[Assistant] Offensive word to refer to a woman who has many sexual partners.


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[Assistant] Michael begged the boss not to fire him, but he decided he had had enough.


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[Assistant] You used to say that you're not going to tolerate something anymore and you're ready to do something about it. Example.


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[Assistant] I've had it with the people next door who keep playing loud music. I'm calling the police. Silly.


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[Assistant] You used to refer to someone who's foolish or stupid. We also use this word to describe an action that lacks a good judgement. Example. Making a $2000 bet was a very silly thing to do.


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[Assistant] We can compliment someone by saying that they do something so well that they could be a professional. For example, if someone shows you a beautiful photo they took on their phone, you could compliment them by saying, you should be a photographer. However, here this is funny because as fans know, as an adult, Monica does work as a chef, which means that she took Chandler's compliment literally.


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[Assistant] Guess what? Common way to introduce a piece of news.


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[Assistant] Example. Guess what? I got 100% on my English exam.


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[Assistant] not that big of a deal used to say that something is not as important as it might appear to be example


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[Assistant] They just lost a game, but it's not a big deal. They're still gonna win the whole tournament. Do it. To have sex. Example. They did it on the couch.


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[Assistant] Again, it here refers to sex, so Rachel's boyfriend means that their intercourse will go for as long as a song that they are listening to, which is funny because obviously that is a short amount of time.


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[Assistant] Ask someone out. To invite someone on a date. Example. If you like Patricia so much you should ask her out.


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[Assistant] This is funny because Emotional Knapsack is quite a ridiculous name for a song.


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[Assistant] Right on. An indication of support, enthusiasm, agreement, or encouragement. Example. I was thinking we could order pizza. Right on. Sounds good to me.


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[Assistant] If something takes long, a lot of time passes. Example, cooking this dish takes really long.


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[Assistant] IDs. A document, card, etc. that has your name and other information about you and that often includes your photograph. Fake means not real.


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[Assistant] In the USA, fake IDs are not uncommon, as the age for legal alcohol consumption is late, 21. While most people begin drinking before they are old enough, and thus, use this to buy alcohol illegally or to enter bars or clubs.


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[Assistant] If you don't mind something, you don't think that something will be a problem. If you mind, you do.


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[Assistant] Finish off. To use the last of something. Example. I've had enough of this steak and I can't continue eating. The dog will be happy to finish it off. Example. She finished off the Kleenex. Can you buy more? Room. Available space in a place or container. Example. There isn't enough room in the car for six people.


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[Assistant] To be full. If you're full, you are not hungry anymore.


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[Assistant] Back then, used to refer to a time in the past. Example.


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[Assistant] Back then, when the economy was better, I was able to afford twice as much as today with my salary.


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[Assistant] Check out this clip from one of their music videos and you will see why it is funny to imagine Chandler rushing the stage at their concert.


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[Assistant] For crying out loud, expression used to show that something is really unbelievable. Example.


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[Assistant] For crying out loud, you made me wait for you at the restaurant for two hours. Example.


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[Assistant] I've been studying English at this school for two years. For crying out loud, why am I not fluent yet?


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[Assistant] You have to stop using the dictionary to learn new English words. You heard me right. And today I'm going to tell you why. Are you ready?


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[Assistant] Well then, I'm teacher Tiffany. Let's jump right in.


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[Assistant] Here's the important message. You must stop using the dictionary to learn new English words. In other words...


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[Assistant] If your goal is to speak English fluently like a native English speaker, you have to stop memorizing words from the dictionary. If you only use the dictionary, you will never speak English like a native English speaker.


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[Assistant] Now listen, I'm going to give you the solution, so don't be discouraged, you see, because when I was studying Korean, in South Korea, just like you, I was excited. I was studying the dictionary. I was memorizing tons of words. I remember getting up early in the morning and memorizing tons of words.


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[Assistant] The problem was when I tried to use those dictionary words with my Korean friends, they would say, mmm, Tim, you don't sound natural.


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[Assistant] We don't use those words, Tip, and I would get frustrated because I was learning Korean words. How come when I used them, my friends told me I didn't sound like a Korean?


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[Assistant] Again, I had to stop using the dictionary. Let me give you some reasons why.


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[Assistant] There are many words in the dictionary that are truly not used by native English speakers on a daily basis. So you, just like I did, will get frustrated when you use a word from the dictionary that no one uses in daily life. You'll get frustrated and discouraged.


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[Assistant] Another reason why you can't just use the dictionary is because if you only focus on the dictionary, you will start to sound like a book instead of a natural English speaker. You heard how I did that?


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[Assistant] The third reason is when you memorize words from the dictionary, you don't learn how to use the words in context. In other words, you don't know the right time and place to use the words. How many times has this happened to you? You learn a new word from the dictionary.


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[Assistant] And then you search for example sentences because you don't know how to use the word in real life.


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[Assistant] In other words, listen to real English conversations and pay attention to the English words that native English speakers actually use in real life. Listen.


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[Assistant] Notice I said conversations between native English speakers. So not watching an English lesson only. You need to find a video or a podcast where two native English speakers are speaking to each other about a topic.


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[Assistant] Then as you listen, you'll learn new words. So, let me break it down like this.


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[Assistant] You see, I told you to stop using the dictionary alone, but you're still going to be learning new words. It's just that the starting point will not be the dictionary. The starting point will be real conversations between native English speakers. So you'll know for a fact. Listen!


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[Assistant] Real life. Exactly. Alright? Write down the words that you don't know.


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[Assistant] Next, after listening to the conversation, notice I said


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[Assistant] Notice I said the first, the starting point is the conversation, not the dictionary. That's the issue. Sometimes you take out the dictionary and just start learning words. No, start with the conversations, then you have the words that native English speakers use, then look up the definitions. After doing that,


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[Assistant] This is a totally different way of learning new words and actually applying them and using them in your real life so that you can sound like a native English speaker. Now, I want us to practice this together.


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[Assistant] Let's practice. Let's put this technique into practice with a short conversation about fashion. Now again, it seems very simple. Start with the conversation between two native English speakers.


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[Assistant] As you listen, write the words down that you don't know. And then after you listen, learn the meanings of the words and also make sentences. So, here we go. I want you to check out this


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[Assistant] Short clip from a conversation I had with teacher Carly. We actually went over this very briefly in the last lesson. You can check it out if you didn't see it. So I want you to listen to this short clip, this conversation Carly and I had about fashion.


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[Assistant] I love it. Alright, so I'll get started. The first question I want to ask you is...


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[Assistant] What is fashionable in your city nowadays? Uhm, like, do you like the current fashion? And if so, why? If not, why not? Like, so what's the kind of the current, you know what I'm saying, the trendy fashion statement right now?


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[Assistant] Again, putting into practice what I'm teaching you. Start with the conversations, not with the dictionary. So now we have watched the conversation. Here's the first word I want to teach you from that conversation.


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[Assistant] During the conversation, I asked her this question. What is fashionable in your city nowadays? The word? Fashionable.


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[Assistant] Fashionable. Well, this word, looking it up, right? It means following a style that is popular at a particular time. Ah, okay, kind of following what is popular, what is trendy. That was another word.


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[Assistant] Let's make some sentences, alright? So we understand this word. Here's the first sentence. She always wears fashionable clothes. Ah, makes sense. Fashionable clothes. Second, tattoos are very fashionable among young people this year.


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[Assistant] That's true. Young people, it's kinda popular for them to get tattoos. You see? Fashionable.


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[Assistant] And finally sentence three. There are many choices available for fashionable snow boots.


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[Assistant] The other word that came up during the conversation was a-


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[Assistant] Leisure. I know this is a brand new word for you, but we as native English speakers use this word. And you're not gonna find it in a regular book or just by searching through the dictionary without knowing what Americans actually use.


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[Assistant] Enjoying athleisure. Alright? Makes sense, right? So, example sentences. Here we go. The first one is, athleisure is perfect for traveling.


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[Assistant] I honestly love athleisure. Whenever I travel, this is my choice of fashion. It's comfortable and it looks good as well.


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[Assistant] Sentence 2. We like to wear athleisure outfits nowadays. You're seeing how it's used now in real conversations. And finally, the athleisure trend grew out of women wearing yoga pants. And that's actually true.


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[Assistant] So now again we have this second word that came up during the conversation I was having with teacher Carly.


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[Assistant] I have adapted to all the other moms in this area and I wear sweatpants or leggings or hoodies. Teacher Carly said that, right? Now again, right here we see ADAPTED.


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[Assistant] So we have adapt, right? She was speaking about the past tense. But the word is adapt.


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[Assistant] And it just means to adjust or modify something to a particular situation or circumstance. So now we have a connection, a trigger in our brains. Why?


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[Assistant] The conversation, we heard it first, she used the word adapt. And now we understand to adjust or modify something to a particular situation or circumstance. Let me change to match the circumstance.


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[Assistant] It's amazing how quickly people adapt. Just like teacher Carly adapted to her situation.


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[Assistant] And it's two. James needed to adapt to a new weather pattern. He had to adjust or modify things. And finally,


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[Assistant] Then we wrote down the words as we were listening and finally looked them up at the end and also had some example sentences. So again, the key is you must start with the conversation between two native English speakers. Then go to the dictionary. Stop using the dictionary as your first


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[Assistant] Teaching them how to speak English like a native. And if you want to keep studying with me and learn even more about this five step method that will help you start sounding like a native English speaker, all you have to do is go to www.englishfluencyplan.com


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, www.englishfluencyplan.com. We're looking forward to you joining our family and finally learning how to speak English fluently. I'll talk to you next time, but as always remember to speak English.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a Britannian Baroness. No matter what the reason, if I don't erase the disgrace of my having loved an Eleven, I won't be able to live in this world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell me, why did a terrorist save a Britannian in the first place?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's good news. Lelouch must have been zero all this time. But if I report that to the Emperor, what happens to Nanalee?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course not. You're the one person that I'd never lie to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh! Oh no, girlfriends. Me. Never.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, but you have had a hundred girlfriends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's see, first of all, you know, congratulations. You really pulled off something remarkable on, on, on that grilling. You achieved something that very few people do, which was you pulled off a kind of a bipartisan consensus in US politics. It was great. You know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's another question which is, how many of you here have had your lives touched through TikTok, through your kids and other people in your lives?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, it's basically, if you're alive, you've had some kind of contact with TikTok at this point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I want to dig in a little more into this, about what was it that made this takeoff so explosive? Because the language I hear from people who, you know, spent time on it, it's sort of like, I mean,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, media out there, and I don't necessarily mean this in a good way. We'll be coming onto it. There's good and bad things about this type of addiction, but it's the feeling that within a couple days of, of, uh, experience of TikTok, it knows you and it, and it surprises you with things that you didn't know you were going to be interested in, but you are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How? Is it really just, instead of the social graph, what are these?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stuff that will be amazing for an audience and none of them ever remotely came up with anything that looked like many of your creators.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so these algorithms, just by observing people's behaviour and what they look like, have discovered things that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's a form of collaborative filtering from what you're saying. The theory behind it is that these humans are weird people, we don't really know what they're interested in, but if we see that one human is interested with an overlap of someone else, chances are, you know, you can make use of the other pieces that are in that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Overlapped humans repertoire to, to, to feed, to feed them and they'll be surprised. But the reason they like it is because their pal also liked it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Startups have tried to use these, these types of techniques. I'm wondering what else played a role early on. I mean, how big a deal was it that from the get-go you were optimizing for smartphones so that videos were shot in portrait format and they were short. Was that an early distinguishing thing that mattered?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you definitely have identified early just how, you know, we're social creatures, we need affirmation. I've heard a story, and you can tell me whether true or not, that one of the keys to your early liftoff was that you wanted to persuade


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Goosing those numbers a bit, basically finding ways to give people, you know, a bigger sense of like more likes, more engagement than was actually the case by using AI agents somehow in the process. Is that a brilliant idea or is that just a myth?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is, is it then the case that like to give someone a decent chance, someone who's brilliant but doesn't come with any followers initially, that you, you have, you've got some technique to identify talent and that you will, you will almost encourage them, you will, you will give them some kind of, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Place in town, everyone come, and that is how you actually gain critical mass?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm speaking privately with an investor who knows your company quite well, uhm, who said that actually the level of sophistication of the algorithms you have going is just another order of magnitude to what competitors like, you know, Facebook or YouTube have going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, is that, is that just hype or, or do, do you really believe you, like how complex are these algorithms?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And is it fair to say that because your start point has been interest algorithms rather than social graph algorithms, you've been able to avoid some of the worst of the sort of the filter bubbles that have happened in other social media where you have tribes


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So look, one thing that is unquestionable is that you have created a platform for literally millions of people who never thought they were going to be a content creator. You've given them an audience. I'd actually like to hear from you one other favourite example of someone who TikTok has given an audience to that never had that before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wanna know something else about an egg? If you put it in just one hand and squeeze it as hard as you can, it will never break. Yes, I think I've read about that too. Somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But look, here's the flip side to all this amazingness. And it's really, it's honestly, this is the key thing that I want to have an honest, heart-to-heart conversation with you because it's such an important issue. This question of human addiction. You know, we are,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's how I think of us. We have these addictive instincts that go back millions of years. And we often are in the mode of trying to modulate our own, you know, behaviour. It turns out that the internet is incredibly good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From a company point of view, for example, it's in your interest to have people on there as long as possible. So someone would say as a first pass, you want people to be addicted as long as possible, that's how...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you, if you were advising parents here what time they should actually recommend to their teenagers, what do you think is the right setting?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a great thing to have and uhm, but are you, isn't there always going to be a temptation in any given quarter or whatever to just push it a bit at the boundary and just dial back a bit on that so that you can hit revenue goals, et cetera, et cetera. Is it, is it, are you saying that this is used scrupulously?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a, there's a claim out there that uhm, in China, there's a much more rigorous standards imposed on the amount of time that children especially can spend on the uhm, you know, to talk about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, in a lot of your, you've got these millions of content creators, and all of them, in a sense, are in a race for attention. And that race can pull them in certain directions. So for example, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teenage girls on TikTok, sometimes people worry that to win attention, they've discovered that by being more sexual, that they can gain extra viewers. Is this a concern? Is there anything you can do about this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in the strange interacting world of human psychology and so forth, weird memes can take off. I mean, you had this outbreak a couple years back of these devious licks where kids were competing with each other to do vandalism in schools and, you know, get lots of followers from it. How on earth do you battle something like that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's cool. And you've got lots of employees, I mean how many employees do you have who are specifically looking at these content moderation things? Or is that the wrong question? Are they mostly identified by AI initially and then you have a group who are overseeing and making the final decision?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's all these reported cases of depression, insecurity, suicide, and so forth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, data, the data of users, the fact that you're owned by ByteDance, Chinese company, and the concern that at any moment uhm, Chinese government might require or ask for data and in fact there have been instances where I think you've, you've confirmed that, that some data of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How far are you along that journey with Project Texas?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When, when, when, when will there be a clear, you know, here it is, it's done, it's firewall, this data is protected?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for, for example, suppose that for whatever reason the Chinese government was to look at an upcoming US election and say, you know what, we would like


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so you will say directly to this group that the scenario I talked about of Chinese, theoretical Chinese government interference in an American election, you can say that will not happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, how would the world know? And what would, like, if you discovered this or you felt you had to do it, is this, is this, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you're, you're super compelling and likeable as a CEO, I have to say. And I, I would like to, as we wrap this up, I'd like to give you a chance just to paint, like what's the vision? What, as you look at what TikTok could be. Let's, let's move the clock out, say five, five years from now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What, what, how should we think about your contribution to our collective future?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is certain questions entailed in such speculation which administrators have established knowledge fear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who don't understand who they are, where they are, what the whole business of life is all about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This physical world is not physical, it's not even out there, it's in here. It's a holographic projection. So come to us, we go along.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the consciousness there, and out of it came this telescope. And, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And interestingly, when you do the same with electric wire, you put a, uh, current through the wire, it throws out an electromagnetic field. And...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My immediate reaction was, no, no, I'll remember as she was, because it's just a body anyway. But something said, no, go, go, go, go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, intensity disappears, because a lot of that emotional intensity, if not all of it, is body consciousness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, thank you, Chris. Before we do that, can I just check, uh, need to know my audience? How many of you here use TikTok? Just... Oh, thank you. For those who don't, the Wi-Fi is free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Roughly 10 years ago, I met with, uhm, two engineers who were building a product. And the idea behind this was to build a product that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Recommended content to people not based on who they knew. Which was, uh, if you think about it, 10 years ago, uhm, it was all, the social graph was all in the rage. And the idea was, you know, your content and the feed that you saw should be based on people that you knew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, about 10 years ago, these two engineers thought about something different. Which is, instead of showing you what you, you know, instead of showing you people you knew, why don't we show you content that you liked?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's sort of the genesis and the birth of uhm, you know, the early iterations of TikTok. And about five years ago, with the advent of uhm, you know, 4G, short video, mobile phone penetration, uhm, TikTok was born. And a couple of years ago, you know, I had the opportunity to run this company and it still excites me every single day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The, I think to describe this, uh, to begin to answer your question, we have to talk about the mission of the company. Now the mission is to inspire creativity and to bring joy. And I think, you know, missions for companies like ours is really important because you have product managers working on a product every single day and they need to have a north star, you know, something to sort of work towards together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now based on this mission, our vision is to provide three things to our users. We want to provide a window to discover, and I'll talk about discovery, you talked about this in a second. We want to give them a canvas to create, which is going to be really exciting with new technologies in AI that's going to help people, you know, help people create new things. And the final thing is bridges for people to connect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are earlier apps that I have a lot of respect for, but they were built for a different purpose. You know, for example, in the era of search, you know, there was an app that was built for people who wanted to search things so that it's more easily found.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now what we have done is that we are based on our machine learning algorithms, we're showing people what they liked. And what this means is that we have given the everyday person a platform to be discovered. If you have talent, it is very, very easy to get discovered on TikTok. And I'll just give you one, one example of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The biggest creator on TikTok is a guy called Kavi. Kavi was from Senegal. He lives in Italy. He was a factory worker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So every single day we hear stories like that, you know, businesses, people with talent. And I think it's very, it's very freeing to have a platform where as long as you have talent, you're going to be heard and you have the chance to succeed. And that's what we're providing to our users.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna simplify this a lot, but the recommendation algorithm is really just math. So for example, if you liked videos 1, 2, 3, and 4, and I liked videos 1, 2, 3, and 5, maybe he liked videos 1, 2, 3, and 6,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now what's gonna happen is, because we like 123 at the same time, he's gonna be shown 456, and so are we.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can think about this repeated at scale in real time across more than a billion people. That's basically what it is, is math.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And of course, you know, AI and machine learning has allowed this to be done at a very, very big scale. And what we have seen, the result of this is that it learns, um, the interest signals that people exhibit very quickly and shows you content that's really relevant for you, uh, in a very, in a very quick way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think the other thing here is that we don't actually ask you 20 questions on whether you like a piece of content, you know, what are your interests. We don't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, you know, through this recommendation algorithm, we have found that it connects people together. People find communities. And I've heard so many stories of people who have found their communities because of the content that they're posting. Now, I'll give you an example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He started posting all this content on TikTok and, uh, you know, I saw his content. It looks, I was hungry after looking at it. It's just great, you know, content.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have given many small businesses and many people, your common person, a voice that they will never otherwise have. And I think that's the power of the platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would, uh, I would describe it in a different way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are other platforms that exist, you know, before TikTok. And if you think about those platforms, you sort of have to be famous already in order to get followers. Because the way it's built is that people come and follow people. And if you don't, if you aren't already famous, the chances that you get discovered are very, very low.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now what we have done, again because of the difference in the way we're recommending content.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And again and again, you will hear stories from people who use the platform, who post regularly on it, that if they have something they want to say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The platform gives them the chance and the stage to connect with the audience in a way that I think no other product in the past has ever offered them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ultimately what the machine does is it recognizes people's interests. So if you post something that's not interesting to a lot of people, even if you gave it a lot of exposure, you're not going to get the virality that you want. Whereas, so it's a lot of, you know, there's no


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, there's no push here. You know, it's not like you can go and push something and because I like Chris, you know, I'm going to push your content and it doesn't work like that. You've got to have a message that resonates with people. And if it does, then it will automatically just have the variety itself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the beauty of user-generated content. It's not something that can be engineered or overthought. You know, it really is something that has to resonate with the audience. And if it does, then it goes viral.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I think in terms of complexity, there are many companies with a lot of resources and a lot of talent. You know, they will figure out even the complex, the most complex algorithm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think what is very different is your mission of your company, how you started the company. Like I said, you know, we started with this idea that this was the main use case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The most important use case is you come and you get to see recommended content.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now for some other apps out there, they are very significant and have a lot of users. They're built for a different original purpose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you're built for something different, then your users are used to that. Because the community comes in and they expect that sort of experience. So I think the pivot away from that is not, it's not really just a matter of engineering and algorithms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A matter of what your company is built to begin with. Which is why I started this by saying, you need to have a vision, you need to have a mission. And that's the north star that what you, you can't just shift it halfway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, there are certain issues that you mentioned that the industry faces. You know, there are some bad actors who come on the internet, they post bad content. Now our approach is that we have very clear community guidelines. We're very transparent about what is allowed and what is not allowed on our platform. No executives make any ad hoc decisions and based on that we have built


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A team that is tens of thousands of people plus machines in order to identify content that is bad and actively and proactively remove it from the platform. Talk about what some of those key guidelines are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have it published on our website, uhm, we just, uh, in March, we just, uhm, iterated a new version to make it more readable. So there are many things like, for example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No pornography, clearly no child sexual abuse material and other bad things, no violence for example. We also make it clear that it's a differentiated experience if you're below 18 years old. So if you're below 18 years old for example, your entire app experience is actually more restricted. We don't allow, as an example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Users below 16, uhm, by default, to go viral. We don't allow that. If you're below 16, we don't allow you to use the instant messaging feature in-app.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In our industry, we do, we rely mainly on something called age gating, which is when you sign up for the app for the first time and we ask you for the age.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now beyond that, we also have, uh, we also have built tools to go through your public profile, for example, when you post a video, we try and match what the age that you said with the video that you just posted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, if, you know, for example, you know, we scan the faces of every single user, then I, you know, we will significantly increase the ability to tell your age. But we will also significantly increase the amount of data that we collect on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we don't want to collect data, we don't want to scan data on your face to collect that. So that balance has to be maintained. And it's a challenge that we are working through together with, you know, industry, together with the regulators as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think uhm, you know, so when, again, you know, when I meet with, when I travel around the world, I meet with a whole bunch of creators on our platform. I was in South Korea just yesterday, and before that, you know, I met with uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before that, I met with a bunch of people don't expect, for example, teachers. There is, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] English teacher from Arkansas. My name is Claudine. And, uh, I met her in person. She uses our platform to reach out to students. You know, there is another teacher called Chemical Kim. And Chemical Kim, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What she does is she uses our platform to reach out to a much broader student base than she has in her classroom. And they're both very, very popular.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, has over 116 billion views on our platform, globally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's so significant. It's so significant that in the US we have started testing, creating a feed just for STEM content, just for STEM content. I've been using it for a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, I learned something new. You want to know what it is? Apparently if you flip an egg, you know, on your tray, the egg will last longer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is too much? I don't actually agree with that. Uh, I, you know, as a company our goal is not to optimize and maximize time spent. It is not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, in order to address people spending too much time on our platform, we have done a number of things. I was just speaking with some of your colleagues backstage. One of them, Tony, you know, she has encountered this as well. If you spend too much time on our platform, we will proactively send you videos to tell you to get off the platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have also built in tools. The limit, if you're below 18 years old,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By default, we set a 60 minute default time limit. How many? 60 minutes. And we've given parents tools, and yourself tools. If you go to settings, you can set your own time limit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've given parents tools so that you can pair for the parents who don't know this. Go to settings, family pairing. You can pair your phone with your teenager's phone and set the time limit. And we really encourage parents to have these conversations with their teenagers on what is the right amount of screen time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that's a healthy relationship that you should have with your screen. And as a business, you know, we believe that that balance needs to be met. So, it's not true that we just want to maximise the time span.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So 60 minutes, uh, we did not come up with it ourselves. So I went to the digital wellness lab at the Boston Children's Hospital and you know, we had this conversation with them and 60 minutes was the recommendation that they gave to us, which is why we built this into the app.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, so 60 minutes ticket for what it is, you know, it's something that, you know, we've had some discussions of experts, but I think for all parents here, it is very important to have these conversations with your teenage children and, you know, help them


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Help them develop a healthy relationship with screens. I think we live in an age where it's completely inevitable that we're going to interact with screens and, you know, digital content. But I think we should develop healthy habits early on in life. And that's something I would encourage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think uhm, you know, in terms, even if you think about it from a commercial point of view, it is always best when your customers have a very healthy relationship with your product. It's always best when it's healthy. So, if you think about very short term retention, maybe. But I don't think, that's not the way we think about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think about it from a longer term perspective, what you really want to have is a healthy relationship, you know. You don't want people to be...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, that is a, unfortunately a, a very uhm, it's a misconception. So, that experience that is being mentioned for The Win, which is a different act, is for an under 14 year old experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, if you compare that in the United States, we have an under 13 experience in the US. It's only available in the US, it's not available here in Canada. In Canada, we just don't allow it. If you look at the under 13 experience in the US, it's much more restricted than the under 14 experience in China.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's so restrictive that every single piece of content is vetted by our third party child, uh, uh, safety expert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and we don't allow any under 13s in the US to publish, we don't allow them to post, and we don't allow them to use a lot of features. So I think that that report, I've seen that report too, it's not doing a fair comparison.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We addressed this in our community guidelines as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're below a certain age, you know, for certain themes that are mature, we actually remove that from your experience. Again, I come back to this, you know, we want to have a safe platform. In fact, at my congressional hearing, I made four commitments to our users and to the politicians in the US. And one of the first ones,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that we take safety, especially for teenagers, extremely seriously, and we will continue to prioritize.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I believe that we need to give our teenage users, and our users in general, a very safe experience. Because if we don't do that, then we cannot, the mission is to inspire creativity and to bring joy. If they don't feel safe, I cannot fulfill my mission. So it's all very organic to me as a business.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So dangerous challenges are not allowed on our platform. It's uh, if you look at our guidelines, we, it's violative. We proactively invest resources to identify them and remove them from our platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, if you search for dangerous challenges on our platform today, we will redirect you to a safety resource page. And we actually worked with some creators as well to come up with campaigns. This is another campaign. It's the stop, think, decide before you act campaign, where we work with the creators to produce videos to explain to people that some of things are dangerous. Please don't do it. And we post those videos actively on our, on our platform as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the group is based in Ireland, uhm, and uhm, it's a lot of people, it's tens of thousands of people. Tens of thousands? Tens of thousands. It's a huge, it's one of the most important cost items of my P&L and I think it's completely worth it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now most of the moderation has to be done by machines. The machines are good, they're quite good, but they're not as good as, you know, they're not perfect at this point. So you have to complement it with a lot of human beings today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think, by the way, a lot of the progress in AI in general,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's making that kind of content moderation capabilities a lot better. So we're gonna get more precise, you know, we're gonna get more specific, and it's gonna get, you know, it's gonna be able to handle larger scale.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, at the same time, if you search certain terms, we will make sure that you get redirected to a resource safety page.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we are always working with experts to understand some of these new trends that could emerge and proactively try to manage and try to manage them, if that makes sense. Now this is a problem that predates us, that predates TikTok, it actually predates the internet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, it's uhm, but it's our responsibility to make sure that we invest enough to understand and to address the concerns to keep the experience as safe as possible for as many people as possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I will say a couple of things about this if you don't mind. The first thing I would say is that the internet is built on global interoperability and we are not the only company that relies on the global talent pool to make our products as good as... technology is a very collaborative effort. You know, I think many people here would say the same thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so we are not the first company to have engineers in all countries, including in China. We're not the first one. Now, I understand some of these concerns, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the data access by employees is not data access by government. This is very different. And there's a clear difference in this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We hear the concerns that are raised in the United States. We did not try to avoid, you know, discussing. We did not try to just argue our way out of it. What we did was we built an unprecedented project where we localized American data to be stored on American soil by an American company overseen by American personnel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this, this kind of protection for American data is beyond what any other company in our industry has ever done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we are the first to do it and I expect that, you know, other companies are probably looking at this and trying to figure out how you balance between protecting


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By default, all new US data is already stored in the Oracle cloud infrastructure. So it's in this protected US environment that we talked about in the United States. We still have some legacy data to delete in our own service in Virginia and in Singapore. Our data has never been stored in China, by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, that deletion is a very big engineering effort, so as we said, as I said at the hearing, it's gonna take, it's gonna take us a while to delete them, but I expect it to be done this year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So during the congressional hearing, I made four commitments. We talked about the first one, which is safety. The third one is to keep TikTok a place of freedom of expression. By the way, if you go on TikTok today, you can search for anything you want, as long as it doesn't violate our community guidelines. And to keep it free from any government manipulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the fourth one is transparency and third party monitoring. So the way we are trying to address this concern is an unprecedented amount of transparency. What do I mean by this? We're actually allowing third party reviewers to come in and review our source code. I don't know any other company that does this, by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, just so, because everything, as you know, is driven by code. So to allow someone else to review the source code is to give this a significant amount of transparency to ensure that the scenarios that you described, that's highly hypothetical, cannot happen on our platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now at the same time, we are releasing more research tools for researchers so that they can study the output. So, you know, the source code is the input.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are also allowing researchers to study the output, which is the content on our platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the easiest way to sort of defend this off is transparency. You know, we give people access to monitor us and we can just make it very, very transparent. And that's our approach to the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can say that we are building all the tools to prevent any of these actions from happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and I'm very confident that with an unprecedented amount of transparency that we're giving on the platform, we can


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the reason why we're letting third parties monitor this. Because if they find out, you know, they will disclose this. We also have transparency reports, by the way, where we talk about a whole bunch of things. The content that we remove, you know, that violates our guidelines, government requests, it's all published online.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's still down to the vision that we have. So in terms of the window of discovery, I think there's a huge benefit to the world when people can discover new things. You know, people think that TikTok is all about dancing and singing and there's nothing wrong with that because it's super fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, there's still a lot of that, but we're seeing science content, STEM content. We're seeing, have you heard about book talk?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a, it's a viral trend that talks about books and encourages people to read. That book talk has 120 billion views globally. 120 billion. People are learning how to cook, people are learning, people are learning about science, people are learning how to golf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think there's a huge, huge opportunity here on discovery and giving the everyday person a voice. If you talk to our creators, you know, a lot of people will tell you this again and again, that before TikTok, they would never have been discovered. And we have given them the platform to do that. It is important to maintain that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we talk about creation. You know, there's all these new technology coming in with, with AI generative content that allows, that will help people create even more creative content. I think there's going to be a collaboration between, and I think there's a speaker who's going to talk about this, between people and AI where they can unleash their creativity in a different way. You know, like for example, I'm terrible at drawing personally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we talk about bridges to connect, and connecting people and the communities together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This could be products, this could be commerce, five million small businesses, five million businesses in the US, um, benefit from TikTok today. I think we can get that number to a much higher number. And of course, if you look around the world, including in Canada, that number is going to be massive. So I think these are the biggest opportunities that we have and it's, it's really very exciting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember chunky chunks? Ohhhh. Chunky chunks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My favorite advert right now is for chocolate mousse. Chocolate mousse. The chocolate dessert for lovers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey! I know what happened!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aha! Which position?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're out to dinner, okay? We were getting along, having a really nice time. I was thinking she was really cool. And then, out of nowhere...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're out to dinner, okay? We were getting along, having a really nice time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I'll just have what she's having instead. Oh, I'm sorry sir, that was our last piece.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the story of two girls who share a flat in London and the boys next door, Nick and his friend Hector from Argentina.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bridget is interested in Hector, but Hector is very interested in Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie doesn't know. So will he get close enough to tell her? Find out in Extra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next time in Extra, Nick dresses up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bridget is working hard in television and Hector goes for an audition. Extra! Don't miss it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where do you meet girls on holiday? A. On the beach. B. In the bar. C. On the ski slope. Yeah, on the beach. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know what you mean. I'm exhausted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. How about Las Vegas?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now's the chance to try my chat-up lines on Spanish girls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Latin men are different to English men. They are not sensitive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] World Cup! World Cup! World Cup! Today England play Argentina.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need a style that a Spanish football fan will adore. You can. Oh goody. I'll see you at five o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to the hairdressers to get my hair done for gorgeous Miguel. Bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I am sorry for Hector, because England beat Argentina.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is an emergency. I need a hair appointment. I need a style that a Spanish football fan will adore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh poor Miguel. Speak to me in English again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now we have two other words that sound the same but are very different. We have allowed and allowed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now there are both adjectives, but they have different spellings and different meanings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's start with the first allowed, which is spelled A L O U D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Note that it has the word loud in it, which can help us remember that this word talks about something being spoken loudly. So let's use that in a sentence. Ginny muttered aloud.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Allowed with two L's. And a good way to remember this is to think about the word legal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, Oliver allowed no peppers in his soup. Very allergic. He's very allergic, yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Similarly, you might be allowed to drive at 60 miles per hour because it is legal to drive at that speed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can check out conacademy.org slash SAT to find out more about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, there's a level of respect that we're conveying with this esteemed chairman of the board.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's say Gary Evans, the esteemed chairman of the board, is a renowned philanthropist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have, I have. It was not this fancy. No. But it wasn't, you know, the prince of a country or something. Right, like okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What kind of language is going to be appropriate in that situation? Is it going to be informal talking to your friend? Or is it...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A formal dinner party where you would use different vocabulary and more formal language.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, here he is. Right on. What did you do? Just go ahead and we'll slide him off! You know we're trying to get rid of vehicles, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first year is often the most challenging time for a new business, especially in a small town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Demolition derbies are competitions in which opponents intentionally crash into each other in order to damage their rival's vehicle. Last vehicle moving is the winner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's it, it's slick as goose snot. Dave can't get enough traction to pull the 6,000 pound car out of the slippery clay mud. Dave, watch yourself there, Dave. I don't want you to hurt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make the car safe, they need to remove everything flammable and anything that could come loose on impact.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Motors can seize. This car has been sitting in Mike's yard for over a decade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holy f- Look at that hoist! Stand on that corner. Now they need to replace the useless 600 pound engine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey man, how's it going? It's the height of the summer busy season. But business is slow with the Rust Bros shop. Today, Mike's meeting with a potential new client in the hopes his luck is changing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's no deal this time, and no new money coming in. Okay man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stopped in here and it'll be all good. Inside, Mike, Avery and Connor are racing to get the Cadillac ready for the derby in an attempt to drum up business for the shop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The doors have to be reinforced to protect the driver from side impact, either with concrete or thick steel side bars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just down the road from Mike, Dave and his son's friend Cooper are stripping their own derby car to bear medal. Time's ticking right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave is struggling to remove everything from the front end that could become shrapnel on impact.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Avery's struggling to find a starter for the Cadillac's new engine. While Mike builds reinforcements for the doors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave's been working all night on the New Yorker. And this morning, even his kids are lending a hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the gas tank must be removed and replaced with a smaller tank in the backseat of the car where it's better protected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the doors welded shut, there's only one way to get in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Armstrong, BC, the day of the demolition derby has arrived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fire extinguisher that pit crews are required to carry was set off accidentally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Russ Bros crew worked all night getting the Cadillac ready.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Filling the motor with penetrating oil might get it turning again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Give her a spray. A whole bunch. The starter fluid ether ignites at a lower temperature than gasoline. Spraying it inside the engine gives it a better chance at starting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The steering column has ripped free. The white flag means Dave's car is damaged and eliminated from the heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just a few seconds into the heat, the wheel falls off his car, and Dave is out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, the race is on to get the car running before the third and final heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We got stuff from the 30s and up. A few days later, word of mouth has brought some high-end buyers to Mike's yard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. Looks like business is starting to pick up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My name is Mike Hall, and over the last 40 years, against better judgement, I managed to amass over 400 classic cars. These cars are my legacy. But I'm running out of time to restore them all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I opened up a restoration shop with my son, Connor, and my best friend, Avery. Try and turn my passion into profit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Restoring cars the average person can afford.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's tough making a buck, so I'm gonna have to get the whole car-crazed town behind me to help get the job done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if they're coming all this way, there better be some good shit here, Donnie. What's a scoop? What do you need a hand with?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If there's anything interesting or cool, we're gonna be dragging it home. Whether we need it or not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, you will, cause it's a $400 toll to get it to my place. We got a log to get in here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eating that crayon was actually a good deal for me. I'd do just about anything to make Avery sweat. It's all going? Get moving the wood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Come on, Abe, hurry up! Gotta get out of here!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm thinking that's good enough, Ave. Okay, I'll go get my tow truck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Donny as usual is getting the better end of the deal. We're moving his shit for free for him so I can get my car. Am I gaining anything? Tires or balls?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Donnie, how'd you manage to sit in your truck, me and Avery sweat our bags off, and then you forced me into buying a piece of junk? I didn't force you into buying nothing, and I ain't making a dime on that. Donnie, the grey and white shark don't do nothing without getting some blood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The roadrunners drained a lot more shop hours than what I anticipated. I mean, these are simple cars. They were built 50 years ago. It shouldn't be that hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The original motor, it runs and drives. A few weeks ago. I think this one's gonna be quick and easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every time you turn around, it's another thousand dollar bill, but I've gotta finish it. Time is ticking. She switched cheese. Oh no. Everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So did he just change the metal or did he change the whole thing? It is bad here too. What did I tell ya?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's just too much damage, too much structural integrity gone. We can't patch it, we're gonna have to do a complete re and re on the trunk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've got the tail panel in here. Why don't we go and get it and see where it goes to? Yeah? Let's have a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know where it is, okay? Well where, where is it if you know where it is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No kiddin'. On a scale of one to ten, it's a twenty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That quality of restoration involves thousands and thousands of hours. They are rolling works of automotive art and it's nice to see my guys help out on a project of that magnitude.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Avery, why don't you set up the plasma cutter? I'll draw the gas tank.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I bought the plasma cutter because we've got to cut out a lot of sheet metal and it's the fastest and most efficient way to do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now all you gotta do is go back to school and get grade four so you can read them. Is there any pictures in there? Not the kind you look at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But yeaah, let's just throw this drunk panel in, see how it fits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, bend it just a little bit in. Gentle, do not tweak it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We start bending the tail panels and we end up having to replace it. That's another thousand dollar bill. Hang on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's not. It's one problem after the other. I've got so much time and money into this thing now. We've gotta get it finished. I gotta get some of that cash back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey Lauren! Back in Rust Valley. What are we gonna do? I'll spin a nut and then we'll just put the duck gently on top of your retaining wall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, Donnie took another big chunk out of my cash, chewed me up, spit me out. Is it gonna be okay at the box?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, we're on. At this time, I'm coming out on top. So this is an Axl Meyers Manx.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Solid, man, that's thick shit! Meyers-Manks Volkswagen conversions came out late 60s, early 70s. They were just a fiberglass body shell you mounted on a Volkswagen chassis. You could take a bug, strip it down, and make it look very cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's actually a pretty cool piece of automotive history. You always see them on the old beach movies and not people driving around in these things, right? But a four-seater, I don't think I've ever seen one. As we say, we'll go cast some crumbs on the water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's a Volkswagen freak. If anybody's gonna take this Manx off my hands, it's gonna be Blair. It's a 66 tub. Never been cut. It's got 66 reg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, climb up, take a look. This lifts off, he's got all the gauges, all the wiring. It's a four-seater, you can take your friends with you, or a whole shitload of beer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can grow a crop of corn before Blair makes his mind up on a deal. What do you wanna do? What are you willing to trade, Blair?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Doing any kind of deal in Rust Valley, there's a lot of wheeling and dealing. And if you're willing to make a deal, take a trade, it's gonna be a whole lot easier getting the transaction done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What? I'll just leave you the tires and rims, I take the rest of the truck home?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know that's pretty rea- Donnie, I know if I take this thing home and get it running, some kid's gonna give me five all day long. They can hop off and drive it. What's the interior like in it? Needs a dash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Giving you ten grand for shit that don't run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, a reasonable price. Reasonable price is three thousand bucks. Excuse me, you stepped in what? It's got paperwork, and it doesn't need an inspection done. What's that worth?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Around here, that's worth a couple grand, right up the bat. Three grand. Two grand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks Donnie. Sold one truck to Big Donnie for 2,500 bucks. Where do you want it? In the backyard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we got some rims. Let's see what we got here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I picked the roadrunner of the field, I was hoping to spend two, three hundred hours, maybe thirty grand on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think last count, I'm somewhere around $60,700. I'm a little over time in budget. As usual.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm hoping to get 70,000, but if I got close to 65, it'd break even.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a pretty shitty return on my time and my investment, but it is a beautiful car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We finally almost finished this. We're gonna be putting it on social media. Do you know anybody looking for a nice 69383 Roadrunner? Let me know. Hopefully by next week we get it certified, inspected, passed, and I wanna see it gone. We need some cash flow. It won't be hard to sell. I hope not. Okay, let's get back to work and generate some income.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here we're thinking the car's ready to put back on the road, and we're tearing the motor out. It's not a good feeling. It's gonna be two to three weeks to get that engine done. I'd like to sell the car before Christmas. That's for damn sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a little piece of plywood. Something like this. I personally believe the car's worth more with the numbers matching 383. There we go. Let's try that. But then I'm gonna spend another 5,000 bucks I don't have right now to rebuild that motor. I gotta sell it. I gotta sell it now and it's gotta run. Unbelievable. One little pebble. Nobody's gonna buy a 70,000 dollar car that doesn't rot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If a guy's ever watched the Looney Tunes, the banana peels pretty well, uh, upper pole. So I was wily coyote and the road runner beat the crap out of me. Little sketchy, but we'll go slow. Good thing I'm not going far. I threw the thing there too. Right, ate it, tossed the peel out the window. Obviously it circled back. They didn't wait for me. Karma.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Roadrunner when it came out back in 68, Chrysler's marketing scheme was no frills, low budget, big horsepower, and it was an amazing success story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think Brad knew they were 3500 bucks, but now here it is 50 years later to the day, and I got 60,700 hours spent bringing this thing back. So, times change.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Corner's like a brand new car, those suspension upgrades are amazing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This thing looks like it's doing 200 miles an hour standing still.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love that. I love that. Reminds me of being a kid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where is it? Bridget, you know Channel 9 wants new talent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright then. You didn't send the message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The truth. Did you send that message?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, that was Mike. Uhm, I don't think he's gonna be in for a bit. He said his mom's in the hospital.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He sounds really upset right now, so I don't want to ask too many questions, but it doesn't sound like he'll be in for a little bit. It could be hours, could be days. It all depends on how she does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel extremely lucky to work somewhere that has a boss and an owner that truly appreciates his employees. Mike's the best boss I've ever had.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I know it. In my case, I kept a diary from nine years ago. I don't remember anything from it at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there's more I don't trust. The data I store doesn't match any memories I have.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, you've caught me mid-scribble in the greatest challenge of my career. Will I be able to write the word onomatopoeia?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes! This is one of my least favorite words to spell, but one of my favorite things to talk about, because what we're talking about today is alliteration, assonance, and onomatopoeia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and these are all words that are related to the way language sounds. But let's begin with alliteration. Rosie, what is alliteration?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can see that all these pink words here, swam, swiftly, surely, straight ahead, all begin with S.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. And so this is why we call this alliteration, because S is a consonant, and all of these things share a similar consonant sound. Now I want to contrast that with assonance, which is what, Rosie?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can see all of these words in this sentence in the same vowel neighborhood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But my favorite of all is onomatopoeia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which comes from Greek, uh, and it, it basically means like, uh, onum, onomat means a name resulting from doing. So really this is, this word just means sounds like what it does. So any


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really, anything that you would conceive of as a sound effect? Like a word that comes from a sound effect? Uh, so, the bee's buzzed, for example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like what is, what is buzzed? Well, it's the sound that a bee makes. It's, it's what it does. That, that word is derived from the bzzz sound. But that's not the only example of onomatopoeia. We have compiled here a list. What we got, Rosie?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like that is literally, so if you, if you are trying to... Summon up the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actual sound of a thing and transcribe it and use it as a noun or verb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're, you're using onomatopoeia. I know it's a terrifying looking word, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm terrified of spelling this word, but I managed to do it, apparently, and now you know what it means. And that should take away some of its scariness and impart to you some of its power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because here at Khan Academy, we want you to have the power to harness language. And specifically, today, to harness these three, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Different language styles. So alliteration, repeating the same consonant a bunch of times in a row. So swimming, swiftly, surely, and straight ahead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And onomatopoeia, where you make a word that sounds like what the word's effect is. So the bee's buzzed, the pudding cup went splat, the, the, uh, the boxing bell fell to the floor with a clang,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The firework went off with a bang. Uh, a flight of bats whooshed past my head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So okay, so I guess the question is, now you know what these things are, but Rosie, why would a person want to use these techniques in language, whether written or spoken?


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[Assistant] Yeah, so it's, it's, it's a way to express a pattern, and to build on what you were saying, you can also, it's just a good attention grabber.


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[Assistant] And it's also useful for its own sake, just as a, as a technique for...


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[Assistant] For writing prose or poetry. Like it's something, it's a useful property of language to be able to sometimes access.


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[Assistant] That's why you would want to learn how to use assonance, alliteration, and onomatopoeia. You can learn anything. David out.


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[Assistant] Thank you so much for coming on such a short notice. Ladies and gentlemen, I've, I've been practicing medicine for 23 years and I'm stumped.


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[Assistant] Ladies and gentlemen, I've, I've been practicing medicine for 23 years and I'm stumped.


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[Assistant] Thank you so much for coming on such a short notice. Ladies and gentlemen, I've, I've been practicing medicine for 23 years and I'm stumped.


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[Assistant] Now, we hold this string here, and the wind should help lift it up.


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[Assistant] Hahaha! Hey, look at that! It's working!


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[Assistant] Now you two keep on flying that kite while I clean things up here. I'll be right inside if you need me.


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[Assistant] When accidents happen you should tell someone and it can help.


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[Assistant] No, I'm happy you told me. This happens sometimes with kites. I know you and Daniel didn't mean for it to break. That's why it's called an accident.


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[Assistant] You know, some accidents we can fix, but some we can't. We won't be able to fix this kite.


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[Assistant] Uh-huh. We can use what we've got right here.


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[Assistant] That's right, Elena Berry. I'm going to tell X what happened.


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[Assistant] See, it's this patch right here. I accidentally stepped on your flowers, I-


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[Assistant] This is the story of Bridget and Annie who share a flat in London and the boys next door, Nick and his friend Hector from Argentina. Annie cares about animals.


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[Assistant] Hector cares about Annie. Bridget mostly cares about herself. But Nick doesn't care very much about anything. Stand by for Extra.


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[Assistant] Next time in Extra, the girls enter a game show


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[Assistant] And guess what Hector finds on his jumper? Extra! Don't miss it!


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[Assistant] My name is Mike Hall, and over the last 40 years, against better judgement, I've managed to amass over 400 classic cars. These cars are my legacy. But I'm running out of time to restore them all.