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[Assistant] In this module we will talk about attributes on point sets stored in the input pane.


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[Assistant] This one has multiple attributes underneath it. There is an attributes folder. If you expand that, you can see the other attributes here, thickness, heterogross, and porosity. If you right click on the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bring up the make edit surface utility using this make surface icon here. For the main input, highlight the name of the point set, use the blue arrow to put it in here, then make sure that you pick the correct attribute down here that you want to make a surface out of.


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[Assistant] Today, we are a country divided. Or at least that's what we're told.


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[Assistant] So loud that it threatens to drown out everything else.


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[Assistant] It turns out that when we ask the right questions, the answers are startling.


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[Assistant] But on something more important. We agree on health.


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[Assistant] What do we, what do all of us need in order to be healthy?


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[Assistant] As a college student in 1995, I spent months talking with physicians at a chaotic hospital in Boston, asking them, what's the one thing your patients most need to be healthy?


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[Assistant] They shared the same story again and again, one that I've heard hundreds of variations of since.


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[Assistant] They say every day I see a patient with an asthma exacerbation and I prescribe a controller medication.


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[Assistant] But I know she is living in a mold-infested apartment.


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[Assistant] Or I see a kid with an ear infection and I prescribe antibiotics, but I know there is no food at home.


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[Assistant] So I created HealthLeads, an organization enabling thousands of physicians and other caregivers to ask their patients, what do you need to be healthy? And then prescribe those things. Fruits and vegetables, heat in the winter, electricity to refrigerate their medication.


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[Assistant] And we then navigated patients to those resources in their communities.


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[Assistant] The model works. A Mass General Hospital study found that navigating patients to essential resources is associated with improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol levels, similar to introducing a new drug, but without all the side effects. So two decades later, what's changed?


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[Assistant] It's now widely recognized that just 20 percent of health outcomes are tied to medical care, whereas up to 70 percent are tied to healthy behaviors and what's called the social determinants of health.


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[Assistant] Basically everything that happens to us for that vast majority of time when we're not in the doctor's office or the hospital.


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[Assistant] Healthcare executives now routinely remind us that our zip code matters more than our genetic code. And one healthcare publication even recently had the audacity to describe the social determinants of health as the feel-good buzzword of the year.


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[Assistant] Now there's been some action, too. Over the past decade, six major health care providers and insurers have committed over 600 million dollars to affordable housing, recognizing that it reduces infant mortality and increases life expectancy. But let's be honest.


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[Assistant] One of my colleagues asked out loud, do you think he might be hungry?


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[Assistant] It turned out that this kid had been kicked out of his housing and literally hadn't had a meal in weeks.


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[Assistant] Is so far outside the bounds of what counts as health care that we mostly fail or forget to ask altogether.


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[Assistant] Where doctors lament a hospital's no third sandwich policy.


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[Assistant] Meaning that if you're a hungry patient in the ER, you can have only two free sandwiches, but as many MRIs as the doctor orders.


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[Assistant] So that some get access to food and some get information about food.


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[Assistant] We ask the wrong questions of our doctors, of our patients, but also of our citizens.


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[Assistant] We ask about and argue about health care, but how do voters think about health? No one could tell us the answer to that question.


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[Assistant] So we launched a new initiative and hired a polling firm to ask voters across the country, what do you need to be healthy?


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[Assistant] Voters do not think the social determinants of health is a feel-good phrase. They actually hate it.


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[Assistant] But when you strip away all the ridiculousness of our language in healthcare, we know exactly what creates health. So take Charlotte, North Carolina.


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[Assistant] We had two focus groups, one of African American Democratic women and one of white Republican women.


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[Assistant] And we asked them, if you had a hundred dollars, how would you spend it to buy health in your community?


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[Assistant] Turns out they agree nearly to the last percentage point.


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[Assistant] First, they agree that healthcare only sort of impacts health. So they choose to spend the majority of their dollars outside of hospitals and clinics.


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[Assistant] And second, they agree on what creates health, spending 19 percent on affordable housing and about 25 percent on access to healthy food. So I am sure you were thinking, this has got to be a fluke, but it's not.


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[Assistant] White and African American Democratic voters in Cleveland. White male Republicans in Dallas. Low income white Democrats in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Their answers are strikingly similar.


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[Assistant] With all of them choosing to spend more money on healthy food and safe housing than they would on hospitals and health centers.


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[Assistant] When you ask the right questions, it becomes pretty clear.


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[Assistant] We agree on health because it is common sense. We all know that the things that we need to get healthy, medicine and medical care,


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[Assistant] Are not the things we need to be healthy. To not get sick in the first place.


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[Assistant] In a study of 5,000 patients, 24 percent of the patients with commercial health insurance, meaning they had a job,


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[Assistant] Still ran out of food or struggled to find housing or transportation or other essential resources. 24 percent.


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[Assistant] And we saw the same thing in our focus groups. Nearly every voter knew what it meant to struggle, either themselves or their families or their neighbors.


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[Assistant] Struggling to stay awake with an enormous big gulp soda, she just looked exhausted. And she was.


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[Assistant] She told us that she worked two jobs, but still could not afford a membership to the Y. But it was okay that she couldn't go to the gym, she said, because she also could not afford gas, and walked 10 miles to and from work every single day.


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[Assistant] Listening to her, I felt this familiar panic rise in me. The residue of my own childhood.


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[Assistant] When I was 10 years old, my father lay on the living room floor in the grips of one of his many depressions.


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[Assistant] As I crouch next to him, he told me that he wanted to kill himself.


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[Assistant] My father lived, but he struggled to work. And my family survived, but we teetered. Down one paycheck, relying on my mom's school teacher's salary. Even as a little kid, I knew.


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[Assistant] We lived in the shadow of financial and emotional collapse.


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[Assistant] But to be healthy, my family needed something else. We needed a decent income.


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[Assistant] And knowing, as so many do more than I, that panic when the basics threaten to slip away.


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[Assistant] It turns out that when you have the right language and you ask the right questions, the answers become remarkably clear and unanimous.


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[Assistant] Is that despite all the noise, the plan for health care in this country is that there is no plan.


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[Assistant] If you are a healthcare executive, do you know how many of your patients run out of food or struggle to pay the rent at the end of the month?


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[Assistant] Is that data on your scorecard shaping your business and your bonuses?


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[Assistant] If you are a politician, will you continue to fight on the scorched earth of health care? Or will you act on what your voters, what Democratic and Republican voters alike, already know?


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[Assistant] And for the rest of us, for the citizens of this country.


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[Assistant] Which is that our common sense, our common experience makes us the experts in what it takes to be healthy.


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[Assistant] This moment, as it turns out, is not about changing minds. It is about something more powerful.


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[Assistant] It is about changing the questions we ask and quieting the noise to hear each other's answers.


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[Assistant] It is about the radical possibility that we the patients, we the physicians, we the caregivers, we the healthcare executives, and yes, even we the people, that we agree.


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[Assistant] And it is now time, in fact, long overdue, for us to marshal the courage


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[Assistant] To hear those answers and to act upon them. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Alright, there's going to be a lot of pressure in here tonight. Ted is a little nervous about this. So the pressure is going to be really high. But, uh, we're going to turn up the heat a little bit too.


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[Assistant] I know you've all worked out these dishes, but they're about to change.


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[Assistant] There's seven numbers on the knives. Pull a knife. That's the course that you're doing.


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[Assistant] You're doing the cheese course. Who's up second? Here you go.


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[Assistant] You're a three. Pass to John Dory. Three?


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[Assistant] You are responsible for the course that you are doing. You're going to be judged on that course. However, you can help each other or not. It's entirely up to you.


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[Assistant] Harold chose the short knife. He is going to have to execute this chocolate pastry dessert. And we'll see if Steven helps him. If he does, he should be fine. If he chooses not to, uh, Harold's gonna be in a little bit of trouble.


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[Assistant] Some of it, we'll see. We'll see what happens. Yeah, yeah.


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[Assistant] I think that's just indicative of how a kitchen works. It's usually a team effort and when the chips are down, people come together because you're there to create the best food you can. You know, it's hard. There's no losers right now. It's just something that's just not as good.


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[Assistant] Harold's dessert, I didn't have a huge problem with it. There were a lot of small things, but the degree of difficulty was really high. I had a much bigger problem with Dave's dish.


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[Assistant] It wasn't so much the fish, the vegetables underneath. My perception was that each of those vegetables were cooked separately and kinda put together.


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[Assistant] Tiffany, love the foie gras fat in the bordelé sauce. Two critical points, beef was over-rested. Onions were slightly undercooked, but I thought it was a very successful dish.


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[Assistant] If the three of you were voting someone off, I mean based on performance in the kitchen, is Miguel someone who you think should go?


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[Assistant] We appreciate that, but I can tell you at this table here, it is about the food.


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[Assistant] Leanne and Tiffany thought you were an absolute mess back there, and Tiffany thought you should go home.


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[Assistant] Andrea, seen that dish before. Caviar, pancakes. Did you feel you had to interpret the dish the way Miguel set it up or did you feel free to do something else with it?


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[Assistant] See, and that's, that's why you're here. Because that's all you made was where the lock is, and we thought it was a poor decision to serve him cold.


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[Assistant] Those ingredients should have been able to sing. And they didn't. And that is because of the cook. Simple as that.


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[Assistant] Dave, you took a dish that Andrea conceived, but we didn't see enough of yourself in there. You're about the big bold flavors and those were about flat, sort of, not their flavors.


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[Assistant] Running around creating havoc was not the way to conduct yourself in a professional kitchen, or any kitchen for that matter. That dish could've really sunk.


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[Assistant] Andrea, you've been eliminated from this competition once already. You know, you should be pulling out all the stops to impress us.


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[Assistant] But you brought out, you know, a cold potato pancake to the table tonight. I think you know that this was definitely lacking.


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[Assistant] What does it say on your jacket? It says Top Chef. It doesn't say Top Sous Chef, does it?


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[Assistant] I thought the teamwork was incredible and it makes our job even more difficult. The food was pretty uniformly good. There were some gaffes in the presentation. That may be where it rises and falls for me.


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[Assistant] Leanne, you gave us so many different components to taste, but they were all unified. I thought the duck was magnificent.


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[Assistant] What did you bring to that recipe that made it something from you?


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[Assistant] Difficulty is one of our, is one of our judging points. She opened a tin of caviar. And she made latkes. So compare that to what a Tiffany or a Leanne did.


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[Assistant] Dave, if you actually completed a dish, I think that would have been yours.


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[Assistant] This challenge is something you've been waiting for for a long time. No kids, no microwaves, no carts, no gimmicks. This is just straight up cooking.


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[Assistant] Each of you will prepare a five course meal for eight diners. It's time to prove who's worthy of the title, Top Chef.


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[Assistant] You're going to draw knives to find out which restaurant in the MGM Grand you'll be cooking your meals. First chef will be cooking at Knob Hill. The second chef will be cooking here at Crab Steak.


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[Assistant] The four of you are going to be given an opportunity today to pitch in and help one of these two chefs win the competition.


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[Assistant] And tell us who you'd want to work for and why you want to work for them.


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[Assistant] Okay, so Harold, you have Dave and Leanne and Miguel.


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[Assistant] Want to help you share your vision and get you to win this competition, but you can only have.


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[Assistant] So it looks like we're going to have a little bit of an East Coast, West Coast smackdown here. Uh, Tiffany, uh, you have Dave on your team and Steven and Harold, you have Leanne and Miguel.


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[Assistant] That's it, man. You kidding me? I got the champ. Way back when with the Deep Two Ways. I thought that was the best dish you did in the whole competition. I really did. I thought it was really good.


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[Assistant] Get a good night's sleep. Good luck. See you tomorrow. And take care. I'll see ya.


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[Assistant] Harold isn't aware of who's coming to dinner today. We have a great group of diners. It's a great showcase for his talent in front of a lot of industry heavyweights.


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[Assistant] I think if you eat some of this with the cheese, I think it's really good.


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[Assistant] Both dishes are good, but they're not that great.


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[Assistant] I think they both were, you know, shiny. I think this was some of the best work they've done throughout the entire competition. Harold played it safe. He really didn't sort of, you know, push it, but it was solid. It was really, really good.


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[Assistant] Steve, what role did you play? Obviously, there's a lot of mind pairings going on. You know, how much of that did Tiffany leave behind?


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[Assistant] What role specifically did you play in tonight's dinner?


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[Assistant] This was maybe the difficulties in doing two menus is that you had to explain two dishes each time you were there, not one dish. Fair enough.


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[Assistant] That's admirable, but both of them thought that after working with you, that Harold should win this.


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[Assistant] You know, Harold played it safe, kept the playing very simple, kept most of the food very simple. Tiffany on the other hand, I think her high points were higher than Harold's high points, but her low points were definitely lower than Harold's low points.


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[Assistant] The top chef is one who inspires others to want to work for them. And clearly, Harold took that.


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[Assistant] You're both worthy of this title, but unfortunately only one of you can have it.


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[Assistant] Tiffany, you went for 10 dishes and some of those dishes really sang. Some of them were a little challenging. We admired that and


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[Assistant] You know, but you've sort of let your drive and ambition get in the way with relationships and it seems like it's something you're working on, uh, you need to work it out.


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[Assistant] But your food was consistently good, and sometimes really extraordinary.


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[Assistant] You had a strong team, a team that really supported you. But, you know, it counts for something, but when it's all said and done, this is not a popularity contest.


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[Assistant] The best pairing was the amoroni with the cheeses. I thought that was magnificent. I thought that the progression


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[Assistant] I'm not needing to lick my plate, and that makes me sad.


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[Assistant] I personally love sun chokes and I like to use them in a lot of different ways and I thought that was a great idea. Where did you first start using sun chokes or get the idea?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything's cooked properly, the technique was there, except for one small thing, and the prepping of the mushrooms, and that really, uh, kinda soured the whole dish.


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[Assistant] A chance to showcase their culinary talents at the annual Food & Wine Classic. A state-of-the-art Kenmore Elite Kitchen provided by Sears. $100,000 to kickstart their culinary career. And the title of Top Chef.


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[Assistant] Okay, we'll bring you back when we're ready. Except you, Andrea, because you have immunity. Thank you.


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[Assistant] You are the three worst in today's competition. One of you will be going home.


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[Assistant] The competition is definitely dwelling down and people are starting to think of themselves more so than, you know, the group.


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[Assistant] I consider myself to be pretty savvy with when it comes to ingredients. And I'm always in the top, you know, three percentile of whatever I do.


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[Assistant] We were going to go to a Chinese market and afterwards we were going to go to a Latin market in which we were going to meet up with the rest of the chefs and shop together.


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[Assistant] So we have our seared tuna. Now, did you, is this kind of rare-ish, the tuna? Yea? Okay. How do you think that's gonna go over on the street?


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[Assistant] I was in the kitchen when you guys were packing up and the last person that had the jicama was, was Lisa.


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[Assistant] Your team loses, who goes home? One of you do. Who is it?


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[Assistant] I'm trying to understand your strategy here. Andrea can't go home tonight. She has immunity. Right.


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[Assistant] Andrea can't go home tonight. Miguel, you know, if your team loses, you're gone.


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[Assistant] Lisa, you are a good cook, but you just do not have that killer instinct and you just don't want to compete. Miguel, I still have no idea.


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[Assistant] She has immunity and I really think that you really painted yourself into a corner here. And you really left us a pretty tough decision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This module discusses attributes for picks in a well-topped spot.


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[Assistant] Map window possibly down here in a 3D window here where we are putting the interpreter on. Shows who the interpreter was to do this. Here we have the porosity value checked down here in a 3D window.


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[Assistant] Is something like dip, azimuth, porosity, permeability, some attribute that where the value can be any number


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[Assistant] Possibly has a range like porosity, minimum zero, maximum one, but it can be any number inside that. A discrete attribute is an attribute where there are only certain choices. For example, facies, the simplest choices might be just two of them. Shale and sand, that could be all there is, and those are the only choices you have.


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[Assistant] Text, you can put something like interpreter name as we see over here for a text attribute. True and false flags with boolean.


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[Assistant] Most of the time, almost all of the time you will use continuous or discrete. The others have very specific uses.


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[Assistant] Not enough seasoning. And there again, the whole dish, actually the fish was laid on one side, that plate was totally white, totally empty. Something was missing there. When it comes to presentation, it was too simple.


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[Assistant] When he came to the high walls and the judges also, Eos came out first.


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[Assistant] Ah, finished. What do you think of my picture frame, Ellie?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good idea, Lily. We'll need to find some.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, it looks like little pirate needs a bit more practice.


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[Assistant] What does it say on your jacket? It says Top Chef. It doesn't say Top Sous Chef, does it?


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[Assistant] Dave, you just got a pass from the team leader. So let's just, let's just assume for argument's sake that you're safer now. Who did you want to see more, you know, you sort of contribute more?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is top chef, not top waiter, and yet you still need to go out there and deal with the waitstaff. Most of the people here are saying that you shouldn't be here anymore. And, uh, think you're a good cook, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I keep hearing you say that you know things are wrong. You wouldn't do, if this were mine I wouldn't do it. At a certain point you have to say no, I'm not gonna do this. Ultimately we had to make a decision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the sky grows dark and the moon glows bright, everyone goes to sleep. Except for the watchful owl.


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[Assistant] Some sleep in peace and quiet.


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[Assistant] But when the sky turns blue and the sun glows bright, everyone wakes up!


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[Assistant] Except for the tired owl.


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[Assistant] Not to worry, Lily. We just need to wait for more wind.


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[Assistant] You've got enough wind to fly your kite now, Lily. Want to give it a try?


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[Assistant] This is a story of Little P, Mama P, and Papa P.


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[Assistant] He liked it when Papa P came home at the end of the day. Papa P would fling little P off a spoon.


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[Assistant] At bedtime, Little Pea liked snuggling with Mama Pea and hearing stories about Mama Pea when she was a little pea. But there was one thing that Little Pea did not like.


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[Assistant] Candy. That's what you have to eat for dinner every night when you're a pee. Candy, candy, candy.


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[Assistant] Monday, red candy. Tuesday, yellow candy. Wednesday, blue candy.


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[Assistant] Papa P would say, if you don't finish your candy, you can't have dessert. Mama P would say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little P couldn't wait to see what it was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Falling on my nose.


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[Assistant] It shows you where all the stars are in the sky.


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[Assistant] Those are called constellations. You can see them in the sky, if you know where to look.


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[Assistant] That's right. We can look for some with our telescope later on if you like.


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[Assistant] Moldering mudskippers, Lily. That's because you ran off without letting me finish. You don't need to be close to the sky to see stars. You just need to wait. Until night time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, too late. It's flown away.


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[Assistant] I can't see a big green rock around me. Ho ho ho. I think your little people may be playing tricks on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That would be wise. So there I was, alone at sea.


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[Assistant] We've sailed every inch of the sea, young lily, but there are no big blue rocks to be seen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lily, I'm sorry I didn't believe your story about the big blue squirty rock. I was wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, what's your name? I think Mr. Whale needs a proper name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wills? If you say so, Lily.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're a champion washer upper, Lily. And this is for a job well done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ahoy there, nets coming through. I need to get fishing before the Tetons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, boo, you were only trying to help.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I'm very busy today. I still need to collect the mail. But, I'll do my best. Oh, thank you, Hatchie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would dearly love to help you, but I'm really quite busy today and I still haven't collected the mail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, yes we are. Thank you everybody. Driftwood Bay is a very busy place sometimes. But now that I've had my time to stop and think...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This data is usually collected by what we call front desk specialists. Now, these are the retail clerks at your favorite department stores, the cashiers at the grocery stores, the registration specialists at the hospital and even the person that sold you your last movie ticket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They ask discreet questions like, may I please have your zip code or would you like to use your savings card today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of which gives us data. However, the conversation becomes a little bit more complex when the more difficult questions need to be asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now that was an example of a healthcare setting, but of course, all businesses collect some form of data. True story. I was going to wire some money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the customer service representative asked me if I was born in the United States. Now, I hesitated to answer her question, and before she even realized why I hesitated, she began to throw the company she worked for under the bus. She said, girl, I know it's stupid, but they making us ask this question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But then I had to turn on the other side of me, the more professional speaker poet side of me, the one that understood that there were little Miss Margaret's all over the place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because she had no idea who I was. I mean, I literally could have been a woman who was scheduled to do a TED Talk and would use her as an example. Imagine that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unfortunately, when you have bad data, it also causes you a lot more, because we have health disparities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we have social determinants of health, and we have the infant mortality, all of which depends on the data that we collect. And if we have bad data, then we have those issues still. And we have underprivileged populations that remain unfortunate and underprivileged, because the data that we're using is either outdated, or it's not good at all, or we don't have anything at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now wouldn't it be amazing if people like Ms. Margaret and the customer service representative at the wiring place were graced to collect data with compassionate care? Can I explain to you what I mean by grace? I wrote an acrostic poem, G.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting the front desk specialists involved and letting them know the R.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Relevance of their role as they become A, accountable for the accuracy of data while implementing C, compassionate care within all encounters by becoming E, equipped with the education needed to inform people of why data collection is so important.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm an artist. And so what happens with me is that when I create something artistically, the trainer in me is awakened as well. So what I did was I began to develop that acrostic poem into a full training entitled I'm Graced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I remember being the front desk specialist, and when I went to the Office of Health Equity to start working, I was like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that why they asked us to ask that question? It all became a bright light to me and I realized that I asked people and I told people about the wrong, I called them by their wrong gender, I called them by their wrong race, I called them by their wrong ethnicity and the environment became hostile. People was offended and I was frustrated because I was not


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nothing, because a computer cannot talk back to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I wanted the instructional design of it to be safe space for open dialogue for people. I wanted to talk about biases, the unconscious ones and the conscious ones, and what we do because now I know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That data that we have at the front that's translated into research that eliminates disparities and finds cures. Now I know that teaching people transitional change


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That when you've been graced, it is your responsibility to empower somebody else, but most importantly, now I know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That when teaching human beings to communicate with other human beings, it should be delivered by a human being.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some days it feels like the only thing we can agree on is that we can't agree on anything. Public discourse is broken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We feel that everywhere. Panelists on TV are screaming at each other. We go online to find community and connection, and we end up leaving feeling angry and alienated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In everyday life, probably because everyone else is yelling, we are so scared to get into an argument that we're willing not to engage at all. Contempt has replaced conversation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My mission in life is to help us disagree productively, to find ways to bring truth to light, to bring new ideas to life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think, I hope, that there is a model for structured disagreement that's kinder, mutually respectful and assumes a genuine desire to persuade and be persuaded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to uncover it, let me take you back a little bit. So when I was 10 years old, I loved arguing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This tantalizing possibility that you could convince someone of your point of view just with the power of your words.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the uninitiated, the premises of formal debate are really straightforward. There's a big idea on the table that we support civil disobedience, that we favor free trade. And one group of people who speaks in favor of that idea and one against.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My first debate in the cavernous auditorium of Canberra Girls Grammar School was kind of a bundle of all of the worst mistakes that you see on cable news. It felt easier to me to attack the person making the argument rather than the substance of the idea themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When that same person challenged my ideas, it felt terrible. I felt humiliated and ashamed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it felt to me like the sophisticated response to that was to be as extreme as possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it wasn't until I started coaching debaters, people who persuade us who are really at the top of their game, that I actually got it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way that you reach people is by finding common ground. It's by separating ideas from identity and being genuinely open to persuasion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Debate is a way to organize conversations about how the world is, could, should be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To put it another way, I would love to offer you my experience-backed, evidence-tested guide to talking to your cousin about politics at your next family dinner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reorganizing the way in which your team debates new proposals. Thinking about how we change our public conversation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so as an entry point into that, debate requires that we engage with the conflicting idea directly, respectfully, face to face. The foundation of debate is rebuttal, the idea that you make a claim and I provide a response and you respond to my response.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It took me a really long time to figure out that the opposite is actually true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The right to an education, equality between all people, the importance of safer communities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What they're doing is inviting us into what psychologists call shared reality.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The conflict, of course, is still there. That's why it's a debate. Shared reality just gives us a platform to start to talk about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Professor Juliana Schroeder at UC Berkeley and her colleagues have research that suggests that listening to someone's voice as they make a controversial argument is literally humanizing. It makes it easier to engage with what that person has to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So step away from the keyboards, start conversing.


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[Assistant] And if we were to expand that notion a little bit, nothing is stopping us from pressing pause on our parade of keynote speeches, the sequence of very polite panel discussions, and replacing some of that with a structured debate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each of our weekly team meetings could devote 10 minutes to a debate about a proposal to change the way in which that team works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As innovative ideas go, this one is both easy and free. You could start tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once we're inside this shared reality, debate also requires that we separate ideas from the identity of the person discussing them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in formal debate, nothing is a topic unless it is controversial, that we should raise the voting age, outlaw gambling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is to engage with the best, clearest, least personal version of the idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It might sound impossible or naive to imagine that you could ever take that notion outside the high school auditorium.


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[Assistant] We spend so much time dismissing ideas as Democrat or Republican, rejecting proposals because they came from headquarters or from a region that we think is not like ours. But it is possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I work with teams trying to come up with the next big idea or solve a really complex problem, I start by asking them,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of them to submit ideas anonymously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, by way of illustration, two years ago, I was working with multiple government agencies to generate new solutions to reduce long-term unemployment, which is one of those really wicked, sticky, well-studied public policy problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So exactly as I described right at the beginning, potential solutions were captured from everywhere. We aggregated them. Each of them was produced on an identical template. At this point, they all look the same. They have no separate identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, of course, discussed, picked over, refined, finalized. And at the end of that process, more than 20 of those new ideas are presented to the cabinet ministers responsible for consideration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But more than half of those, the originator of those ideas, were someone who might have a hard time getting the ear of a policy advisor, or who, because of their identity, might not be taken entirely seriously if they did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Folks who answered the phones, assistants who manage calendars, representatives from agencies who weren't always trusted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Imagine if our news media did the same thing. You can kind of see it now, a weekly cable news segment with a big policy proposal on the table that doesn't call it liberal or conservative, or a series of op-eds for and against a big idea that don't tell you where the writers work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our public conversations, even our private disagreements, can be transformed by debating ideas rather than discussing identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the thing that debate allows us to do as human beings is open ourselves, really open ourselves up to the possibility that we might be wrong. The humility of uncertainty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But eventually, if you debate long enough, you will switch sides. You'll argue for and against the expansion of the welfare state, for and against compulsory voting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The suspicions that you hold about people who espouse beliefs that you don't have starts to evaporate. Because you can imagine yourself stepping into those shoes. And as you're stepping into those, you're embracing the humility of uncertainty, the possibility of being wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's that exact humility that makes us better decision makers. Neuroscientist and psychologist Mark Leary at Duke University and his colleagues have found that people who are able to practice, and it is a skill, what those researchers call intellectual humility.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] are more capable of evaluating a broad range of evidence, are more objective when they do so, and become less defensive when confronted with conflicting evidence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All attributes that we want in our bosses, colleagues, discussion partners, decision majors. All virtues that we would like to claim for ourselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so as we're embracing that humility of uncertainty,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We should be asking each other, all of us, a question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our debate moderators, our news anchors should be asking it of our elected representatives and candidates for office, too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is it that you have changed your mind about and why?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What uncertainty are you humble about?


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[Assistant] And at the outset, committee disciplinarian Senator Pastore is not having it. This is about to end really poorly for Mr. Rogers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Patiently, very reasonably, Mr. Rogers makes the case why good quality children's broadcasting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The kinds of television programs that talk about the drama that arises in the most ordinary of families matters to all of us, even while it costs us. He invites us into a shared reality.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Senator Pastore says to Mr. Rogers, you know, I'm supposed to be a pretty tough guy, and this is the first time I've had goosebumps in two days. And then later ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It looks like you just earned the 20 million dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We need many more Mr. Rogers. People with the technical skills of debate and persuasion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But on the other side of that table, we need many, many, many more senator pastores.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the magic of debate is that it lets you, it empowers you to be both Mr. Rogers and Senator Pastore simultaneously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I work with those same teams that we talked about before, I ask them at the outset to pre-commit to the possibility of being wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To explain to me and to each other what it would take to change their minds.


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[Assistant] And that's all about the attitude, not the exercise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the principles of debate can transform the way that we talk to one another, to empower us to stop talking and to start listening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To stop dismissing and to start persuading.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To stop shutting down and to start opening our minds. Thank you so much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wish to show you an example now using the calculator where we get the equation from a file.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over here in my input pane, I have a surface named Terra. That's the one that is displayed here. Bring up the calculator. Right click on any surface and bring up calculator. Here it brings up the calculator.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The font is easier to read in here than it is in the line in the calculator in my opinion. In the calculator it's very hard to tell commas from periods, so here you can do that. And it worked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to, uh, show you another example here. I'm gonna recreate this file again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The file we're going to look at now has the same commands as we saw before, but it's now just


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of just being one line, it's broken up into multiple lines. You can see you can put


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Comments in there by using the pound sign. This is the one we're going to do now. So I again come to from file, click on this. This is now the one called Terra 2. I open it. It is in here. I'm going to clear the output area just so there's no confusion. And when I hit run,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's put all four lines in there as it came to them for the execution. So if you have a syntax error in


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This line, for example. We'll put the first two up there and then tell you there's a syntax error on this line. Makes it much easier to find.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like to use files when I'm using the calculator just because they're easier to read because you can break them up that way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Creating a cross section can be done by three methods. The first method is to go to the home tab, the windows icon, and choose well section window.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We could have also have gone to the quick access toolbar to the window icon and chosen well section window. Either way when we choose that the select new well section window settings pops up which asks us whether we want to create a new cross section or use an existing one or create a new template or use an existing one. A cross section


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is simply a list of the wells that are in the well section. The template tells us what is being stored in that well section.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whenever we decide what we're going to do, in this case we're going to create new ones, we click the okay button, at that point the new cross section


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is created all along with the wells section window. To put wells in the wells section we then come to the wells folder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And any subfolders open them and then click the wells that we want to go in our well section. The wells are put in the well section left to right in the order in which they are clicked. The cross section is stored at the bottom of the input.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't already have a cross sections folder, it creates that cross section, adds the section to it. Second way of creating a well section. Display a 3D window and display your wells.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the well bores are not large enough to click on exactly, you may open the inspector. In select mode, click on one of the wells. It brings up the inspector for that well. Under the style area, there is a path. You can change it from narrow to wider.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You see that only some of the wells are changed. These are the wells that are in the same folder as the one I clicked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To change other wells, simply click on one of them that has not been, uh, made wider. Again, make its paths wider and also for the third folder of wells. Once the paths are wider, we can get rid of the inspector and under the stratigraphy tab, click the cross section editing icon. This brings up the tool palette with the cross section editing group active.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This icon to the left, cross section add well, needs to be clicked. Then we can just go out and start clicking on the wells we want in our section.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After we click the first one, it brings this window up again.


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[Assistant] But now it knows we're creating a cross section, so it doesn't ask us anything up here. It's just asking whether or not we want to use a new template. At this point, we will use a new template. Clicking on the OK button gets rid of that. It creates us a new cross section with that one well in it. To add other wells, go back to the 3D window and simply click on the other wells that you want in your section. They don't have to be in the same folder. They can be just any wells in your project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you're finished, you can again go over to the well section and here are all the wells. The wells again are left to right in the well section in the order that we clicked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To see all the wells, you also might want to change the background color. So here we have 2D window, all the wells displayed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, go to the cross section editing tool here under the stratigraphy tab. It brings up the tool palette. This icon here says create cross section via polysection. When we click it, a window comes up, which are the settings for the polysection. The distance limit, this distance in this case, 500 meters tells how far away


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The trail will look for wells to put in the cross section from where we click. So now we just have to go out, click somewhere in the window.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This circle is radius of in this case 500 meters. If we want it to be larger, we use the slider bar, make it bigger. You can see the circle getting larger also. Now we can just go out. We don't have to click on exactly any one of the wells, just get kind of in the general area and any well that is inside this red shaded area will, will be put on our well section. Now this includes side tracks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, it includes wells that are close enough together that they are all inside this red shaded area.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It includes wells that we would cross over from one to the other. They become also put on the well section. When we click on the OK button, it again asks us whether or not we want to use a new template. We can click OK.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now it creates a well section. Again, the wells on this well section left to right are the same order that we clicked them. Again, our cross section folder down here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now has the different cross sections that we have created. If we need to edit one of the cross sections, for example, to add a new well, we can go to our 2D window, display one of the cross sections. You can see it right here. We might need to go to the settings and style to make the line a little bit bigger so we can see it easier. Now we can see the line a bit easier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tool palette is still up. If it's not, once again, click on the cross section editing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It brings up the tool palette with the cross section editing group active. This icon right here. X edit, add edit well. We can click on that. Then if we come and just click on another well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we decide we don't want one of the wells in our cross section, we can come click on that well, click on the red X and it's deleted out of the cross section. If the wells we like, but possibly they're in the wrong order. Once again, display the cross section.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again, we might need to go up and change the style of it to make sure we can see the line better. Change this to a thicker line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we don't want this cross section to go from C7 to C1 to C2 to C4


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Use the up or down arrows to move it to the correct location. Then when we hit either apply or okay, our cross section is changed to how we want it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the end of Amy's life, hyped up on morphine and home in hospice,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The New York Times published an article she wrote for the Modern Love column on March 3, 2017. It was read worldwide by over five million people. The piece was unbearably sad, ironically funny and brutally honest. While it was certainly about our life together, the focus of the piece was me. It was called, You May Want to Marry My Husband.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amy quite literally left a empty space for me to fill with another love story. Amy was my wife for half my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was my partner in raising three wonderful, now grown children. And really, she was my girl. You know, we had so much in common.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We loved the same art, the same documentaries, the same music. Music was a huge part of our life together, and we shared the same values. We were in love, and our love grew stronger up until her last day. Amy was a prolific author.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In addition to two groundbreaking memoirs, she published over 30 children's books.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Postomously, the book she wrote with our daughter Paris, called Dear Girl,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reach the number one position on the New York Times bestseller list.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was a self-described tiny filmmaker. She was five feet one, and her films were not that long.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her films exemplified her natural ability to gather people together. She was also a terrific public speaker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now my story of grief is only unique in the sense of it being rather public. However,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The grieving process itself is not my story alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amy gave me permission to move forward, and I'm so grateful for that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, just a little over a year into my new life, I've learned a few things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm here to share with you part of the process of moving forward through and with grief.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But before I do that, I think it would be important to talk a little bit about the end of life, because it forms how I have been emotionally since then. Death is such a taboo subject, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amy ate her last meal on January 9, 2017.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She somehow lived an additional two months without solid food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her doctors told us we could do hospice at home or in the hospital. He did not tell us that Amy would shrink to half her body weight. And she would never lay with her husband again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that walking upstairs to our bedroom would soon feel like running a marathon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Home hospice does have an aura of being a beautiful environment to die in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No disruptions for mandatory drug administration. Home with your family to die.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We did our best to make those weeks as meaningful as we could. We talked often about death. Everybody knows it's going to happen to them, like, for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But being able to talk openly about it was liberating. We talked about subjects like parenting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I asked Amy how I could be the best parent possible to our children in her absence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In those conversations, she gave me confidence by stressing what a great relationship I had with each one of them and that I can do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know there will be many times where I wish she and I could make decisions together. We were always so in sync.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] May I be so audacious as to suggest that you have these conversations now, when healthy. Please, don't wait.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As part of our hospice experience, we organize groups of visitors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How brave of Amy to receive them, even as she began her physical decline. We had a Kraus night, her parents and three siblings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Friends and family were next. Each told beautiful stories of Amy and of us. Amy made an immense impact on her loyal friends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But home hospice is not so beautiful for the surviving family members. I want to get a little personal here and tell you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But to this date, I have memories of those final weeks that haunt me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I remember walking backwards to the bathroom, assisting Amy with each step. I felt so strong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not such a big guy, but my arms looked and felt so healthy compared to Amy's frail body. That body failed in our house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My wife died of ovarian cancer in our bed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Through our dining room and our living room to a waiting gurney to have her body cremated. I will never get that image out of my head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you know someone who's been through the hospice experience, acknowledge that. Just say you heard this guy Jason talk about how tough it must be to have those memories, and that you're there if they ever want to talk about it. They may not want to talk, but it's nice to connect with someone living each day with those lasting images.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know this sounds unbelievable, but I've never been asked that question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many of the readers who reached out to me wrote beautiful words of reflection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The scope of Amy's impact was deeper and richer than even us and her family knew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of the responses I received helped me with the intense grieving process because of their humor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like this email I received from a woman reader who read the article, declaring, I will marry you when you are ready, provided you permanently stop drinking. No other conditions. I promise to outlive you. Thank you very much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, I do like a good tequila, but that really is not my issue. Yet how could I say no to that proposal?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I laughed through the tears when I read this note from a family friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I remember Shabbat dinners at your home, and Amy teaching me how to make cornbread croutons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only Amy could find creativity in croutons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On July 27th, just a few months after Amy's death, my dad died of complications related to a decades-long battle with Parkinson's disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What makes us capable of dealing with this intense loss and yet carry on?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Was this a test? Why my family and my amazing children?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking for answers, I regret to say, is a lifelong mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Throughout this year, I have done just that. I have attempted to step out and seek the joy and the beauty that I know this life is capable of providing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those family gatherings, attending weddings and events honoring Amy, as loving as they are, have all been very difficult to endure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People say I'm amazing. How do you handle yourself that way during those times? They say you do it with such grace. Well guess what?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really am sad a lot of the time. I often feel like I'm kind of a mess. And I know these feelings apply to other surviving spouses, children, parents and other family members.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Japanese Zen, there is a term, shōji, which translates as birth-death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is no separation between life and death, other than a thin line that connects the two.


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[Assistant] Birth, or the joyous, wonderful, vital parts of life, and death, those things we want to get rid of, are said to be faced equally.


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[Assistant] In this new life that I find myself in, I am doing my best to embrace this concept as I move forward with grieving.


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[Assistant] In the early months following Amy's death, though, I was sure that the feeling of despair would be ever-present, that it would be all-consuming.


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[Assistant] Soon I was fortunate to receive some promising advice.


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[Assistant] Many members of the losing a spouse club reached out to me.


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[Assistant] One friend in particular who had also lost her life partner kept repeating,


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[Assistant] Jason, you will find joy. I didn't even know what she was talking about. How was that possible?


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[Assistant] But because Amy gave me very public permission to also find happiness, I now have experienced joy from time to time.


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[Assistant] There it was, dancing the night away at an LCD sound system concert.


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[Assistant] Traveling with my brother and best friend or with a college buddy on a boy's trip to meet a group of great guys I never met before.


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[Assistant] From observing that my deck had sun beating down on it on a cold day.


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[Assistant] Stepping out in it, laying there. The warmth consuming my body.


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[Assistant] The joy comes from my three stunning children.


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[Assistant] Texting me a picture of himself with an older gentleman with a massive strong forearm in the caption.


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[Assistant] I just met Popeye. With a huge grin on his face.


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[Assistant] It was his brother Miles walking to the train for his first day of work after graduating college.


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[Assistant] I assured him right away, you are 100% ready, you got this.


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[Assistant] And my daughter Paris, walking together through Battersea Park in London, the leaves piled high, the sun glistening in the early morning on our way to yoga.


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[Assistant] I mean, beauty of the wabi-sabi variety, but beauty nonetheless.


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[Assistant] On the one hand, when I see something in this category, I want to say, Amy, did you see that? Did you hear that? It's too beautiful for you not to share with me.


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[Assistant] I now experience these moments in an entirely new way.


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[Assistant] When the song the alien seamlessly transitions into the sunshine.


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[Assistant] Or the haunting beauty of Luke Sital sings, It's Killing Me, whose chorus reads, And it's killing me that you're not here with me. I'm living happily, but I'm feeling guilty.


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[Assistant] A way of seeing the world that was so much a part of Amy's DNA. Like on my morning commute, looking at the sun reflecting off of Lake Michigan.


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[Assistant] We're stopping and truly seeing how the light shines at different times of the day in the house we built together.


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[Assistant] Even after a Chicago storm, noticing the fresh buildup of snow throughout the neighborhood. Or peeking into my daughter's room as she's practicing the bass guitar.


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[Assistant] Listen, I want to make it clear that I'm a very fortunate person.


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[Assistant] I have the most amazing family that loves and supports me.


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[Assistant] I have the resources for personal growth during my time of grief. But whether it's a divorce, losing a job you work so hard at,


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[Assistant] I saw an automobile once when I was a kid, but now they're everywhere.


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[Assistant] The world went and got itself in a big damn hurry.


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[Assistant] Theater matters because democracy matters. Theater ...


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[Assistant] Is the essential art form of democracy. And we know this because they were born in the same city.


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[Assistant] In the late sixth century BC, the idea of Western democracy was born. It was, of course, a very partial and flawed democracy, but the idea that power should stem from the consent of the governed.


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[Assistant] That power should flow from below to above, not the other way around, was born in that decade. And in that same decade somebody


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[Assistant] Legend has it somebody named Thespis invented the idea of dialogue.


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[Assistant] What does that mean, to invent dialogue? Well, we know that the Festival of Dionysius gathered the entire citizenry of Athens on the side of the Acropolis, and they would listen to music, they would watch dancing, and they would have stories told as part of the Festival of Dionysius.


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[Assistant] And storytelling is much like what's happening right now. I'm standing up here, the unitary authority, and I am talking to you.


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[Assistant] And you were sitting back and you were receiving what I have to say.


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[Assistant] And you may disagree with it, you may think I'm an insufferable fool, you may be bored to death, but that dialogue is mostly taking place inside your own head.


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[Assistant] But what happens if instead of me talking to you, and Thespis thought of this, I just shift 90 degrees to the left and I talk to another person on stage with me? Everything changes.


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[Assistant] Because at that moment, I'm not the possessor of truth. I'm a guy with an opinion.


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[Assistant] And I'm talking to somebody else. And you know what? That other person has an opinion too. And it's drama, remember? Conflict. They disagree with me.


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[Assistant] There's a conflict between two points of view and the thesis of that


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[Assistant] Is that the truth can only emerge in the conflict of different points of view. It's not the possession of any one person.


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[Assistant] And if you believe in democracy, you have to believe that.


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[Assistant] But that's the basic thesis of democracy, that the conflict of different points of views leads to the truth. What's the other thing that's happening? I'm not asking you to sit back and listen to me. I'm asking you to lean forward and imagine my point of view.


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[Assistant] And the idea that truth comes from the collision of different ideas and the emotional muscle of empathy are the necessary tools for democratic citizenship. What else happens? And the third thing really is you, is the community itself, is the audience.


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[Assistant] Because whether you knew it or not, you were coming to that theater to be part of an audience. You were coming to have the collective experience of laughing together, crying together, holding your breath together to see what's going to happen next. You may have walked into that theater as an individual consumer, but if the theater does its job,


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[Assistant] You've walked out with a sense of yourself as part of a whole, as part of a community.


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[Assistant] Twenty-five hundred years later, Joe Papp decided


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[Assistant] That the culture should belong to everybody in the United States of America, and it was his job to try to deliver on that promise. He created free Shakespeare in the park.


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[Assistant] And Free Chaser in the Park is based on a very simple idea, the idea that the best theater, the best art that we can produce should go to everybody and belong to everybody. And to this day,


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[Assistant] Every summer night in Central Park, 2,000 people are lining up to see the best theater we can provide for free. It's not a commercial transaction.


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[Assistant] He figured out something else, which is that the democratic circle was not complete by just giving the people the classics.


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[Assistant] And what the public theater did over the next years with amazing shows like For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enough, uh, The Chorus Line, and perhaps even, here's the most extraordinary example I can think of.


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[Assistant] Because when Joe produced that play in 1985,


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[Assistant] There was more information about AIDS in Frank Rich's review in the New York Times than the New York Times had published in the previous four years.


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[Assistant] To commission and work on Tony Kushner's Angels in America. And when doing that play and along with Normal Heart, we could see that the culture was actually shifting and it wasn't caused by the theater.


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[Assistant] Joe's old job at The Public in 2005, I realized one of the problems we had was a victim of our own success. Which is, Shakespeare in the Park had been founded as a program for access.


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[Assistant] And it was now the hardest ticket to get in New York City. People slept out for two nights to get those tickets. What was that doing that was eliminating 98 percent of the population from even considering going to it?


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[Assistant] So we re-founded the mobile unit and took Shakespeare to prisons, to homeless shelters, to community centers in all five boroughs and even in New Jersey and Westchester County.


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[Assistant] And that program proved something to us that we knew intuitively. People's need for theater is as powerful as their desire for food or for drink.


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[Assistant] Which now every summer produces these immense Shakespearean musical pageants.


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[Assistant] And the thesis of it is that artistry is not something that is the possession of a few.


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[Assistant] Artistry is inherent in being a human being. Some of us just get to spend a lot more of our lives practicing it. And then occasionally,


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[Assistant] You get a miracle like Hamilton, Lin-Manuel's extraordinary retelling of the foundational story of this country through the eyes of the only founding father who was a bastard immigrant orphan from the West Indies. And what Lin was doing is exactly what Shakespeare was doing.


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[Assistant] Elevating it into verse, and by doing so, ennobling the language and ennobling the people who spoke the language. And by casting that show entirely with a cast of black and brown people, what Lin was saying to us, he was reviving in us


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[Assistant] Our greatest aspirations for the United States are better angels of America, our sense of what this country could be, the inclusion.


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[Assistant] That was at the heart of the American dream. And it unleashed a wave of patriotism in me and in our audience, the appetite for which is proving to be insatiable.


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[Assistant] But there was another side to that, and it's where I want to end, and it's the last story I want to talk about. Some of you may have heard that Vice President-elect Pence came to see Hamilton in New York. And when he came in, some of my fellow New Yorkers booed him.


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[Assistant] And at the end of the show, we read what I feel was a very respectful statement from the stage, and Vice President-elect Pence listened to it.


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[Assistant] I looked at that boycott and I said, we're getting something wrong here. All of these people who have signed this boycott petition, they were never gonna see Hamilton anyway. It was never gonna come to a city near them. If it could come, they couldn't afford a ticket.


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[Assistant] And if they could afford a ticket, they didn't have the connections to get that ticket. They weren't boycotting us. We had boycotted them.


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[Assistant] And if you look at the red and blue electoral map of the United States, and if I were to tell you, oh, the blue is what designates all of the major non-profit cultural institutions, I'd be telling you the truth. You'd believe me.


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[Assistant] We in the culture have done exactly what the economy, what the educational system, what technology has done, which is turn our back on a large part of the country.


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[Assistant] So this idea of inclusion, it has to keep going. Next fall, we are sending out on tour a production of Lynn Nottage's brilliant Pulitzer Prize winning play, Sweat.


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[Assistant] We're taking that play and we're touring it to rural counties in Pennsylvania, Ohio,


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[Assistant] Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We're partnering with community organizations there to try and make sure not only that we reach the people that we're trying to reach, but that we find ways to listen to them back and say the culture is here for you too. Because


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[Assistant] We in the culture industry, we in the theater, have no right to say that we don't know what our job is. It's in the DNA of our art form. Our job is to hold up as to her a mirror to nature, to show scorn her image, to show virtue her appearance,


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[Assistant] A vision to America that shows not only who all of us are individually, but that welds us back into the commonality that we need to be. The sense of unity, the sense of whole, the sense of who we are as a country. That's what the theater is supposed to do.


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[Assistant] When we don't have a file out there that we're going to add it to.


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[Assistant] The definition in Patrol of a polygon is points connected by a line.


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[Assistant] Each object contains one or more lines and each line


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[Assistant] Not going to make much of a line, but it doesn't bother Patrell. It won't bump. Also,


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[Assistant] Graphically we're going to talk about in one of the next section's spreadsheet would be to just change these values in here, hit the apply or okay button. Operations are talked about in the operations sections on either the calculations tab, the more tab, or the operations tab. And there's quite a few uses for them. They can be lease boundaries,


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[Assistant] They can be other lines, they can be faults, they can be contours, anything that is treated as a


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[Assistant] Oligon editing comes up, you can see there's six icons down here. Depending on what you click on these icons at the bottom,


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[Assistant] The call out changes to make sure it has the correct parameters that you need.


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[Assistant] So once again, we're going to just create a brand new polygon file digitizing. It's best to do this in a 2D window.


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[Assistant] Because you know exactly what the XY points you're clicking on are.


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[Assistant] Also, if you display a surface or something like this already in the 2D window,


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[Assistant] Wherever you click, the trail will get the Z value from whatever it is you click on and assign it as the Z value in your polygon file. Once again, click on polygon editing.


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[Assistant] Looks like this a little bit larger, and it lets you see some parameters.


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[Assistant] Also, make sure that the make lines button is checked here instead of make, make rectangles. The default seems to come up in make rectangles sometimes.


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[Assistant] Patrol just make you a rectangle and you click on three more points makes another rectangle.


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[Assistant] Most of the time you're going to want to just use make lines. So make sure it is checked. Then come down and click on this icon right here.


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[Assistant] Uh, there are undo buttons up in the quick access toolbar and you can undo


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[Assistant] It will say do you want to close the polygon? You can either answer yes or no. Another way if you do want to close it, right click on that last point


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[Assistant] The mini toolbar will appear and you can click on this icon, which is close selected polygons. As soon as you click the first point out here, a file will be placed down at the bottom of the input page.


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[Assistant] Polygons 1. If you already have polygons 1, it would be called polygons 2. As soon as that first point is out there, you can...


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[Assistant] A surface that you're clicking on to get the Z values. And you click once over here.


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[Assistant] That's because the line goes under the surface that you're clicking.


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[Assistant] I have been long so fascinated and amazed by so many aspects of Netflix. You're full of surprises, if I may say so. One of those surprises happened, I think, about six years ago. So the company back then was


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[Assistant] Doing really well, but you were basically a streaming service for other people's ...


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[Assistant] Uh, films and uh, TV content, you'd persuaded Wall Street that you were right to make the kind of radical shift away from just sending people DVDs, so you were doing it by streaming, and you were growing like a weed. You had more than six million subscribers and healthy growth rates, and yet ...


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[Assistant] You chose that moment to kind of make a giant, really a bet the company decision. What was that decision and what motivated it?


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[Assistant] Percentage of the revenue of the company at that time.


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[Assistant] How could you get confident that that was actually worth doing? If you got that wrong, that might have been really devastating for the company.


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[Assistant] With that, uhm, it wasn't just producing new content. You also, pretty much with that, if I understand right, introduced this idea of binge viewing. Like, it wasn't, we're going to do these episodes and build excitement. Boom! All at one time.


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[Assistant] And so, did it work out on the math pretty much straight away that an hour spent watching House of Cardsay was more profitable to you than an hour spent watching someone else's licensed content?


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[Assistant] You added all these other remarkable series, um, Narcos, Jessica Jones, Oranges, The New Black, The Crown, Black Mirror.


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[Assistant] That's pretty much higher than any other content commissioner at this point.


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[Assistant] But clearly from the Barry Dillers and others in the media business, it feels like from nowhere this company has come and has really revolutionized the business. And it's like, as if Blockbuster one day said, we're going to make Blockbuster videos, and then six years later was as big as Disney. I mean, that story would never have happened, and yet it did.


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[Assistant] I mean, there must be something unusual about Netflix's culture that allowed you to take such bold, I won't say reckless, bold, well-thought-through decisions.


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[Assistant] There are some really surprising things about your people. For example, I looked at one survey. It looks like ...


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[Assistant] Netflix employees, compared to your peers, are basically the highest paid for equivalent jobs and the least likely to want to leave.


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[Assistant] And if you Google the Netflix culture deck, you see this list of really quite surprising admonitions to your employees. Talk about a few of them.


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[Assistant] And courage you ask for as a fundamental value.


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[Assistant] You've got this other secret weapon at Netflix, it seems, which is this vast trove of data, a word we've had a certain amount about this week. You've often taken ...


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[Assistant] And you made this, uhm, what seems like a really interesting shift a few years ago. You used to ask people, you know, rate your, you know, here are 10 movies. What do you think? Which ones of these are your best movies? And then tried to match those movies with recommendations for what was coming. And then you changed away from that. Talk about that.


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[Assistant] Okay, so this is, I want to talk for a couple of minutes about this, because this strikes me as a huge deal, not just for Netflix, but for the internet as a whole. The difference between aspirational values and revealed values. You ...


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[Assistant] Yes indeed, but isn't it the case that algorithms tend to point you away from the broccoli and towards the candy if you're not careful? And we just had a talk about how on YouTube, somehow, algorithms tend to, just by actually being smarter,


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[Assistant] John Doar just talked about measuring what matters.


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[Assistant] I mean, as a business, what matters, I presume, is fundamentally just growing subscribers. I mean, that's your unique advantage.


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[Assistant] Show that might not have been so much time as watching the whole season of Nailed It or whatever, but just get into them more. They just think, that was nourishing, that was extraordinary, I'm so glad I watched that with my family. Isn't there a version of the business model that would be less content but more awesome content, possibly even more uplifting content?


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[Assistant] You're telling me humans can get addicted by their angels as well as their demons.


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[Assistant] People in the organization who are looking regularly at sort of the, um, the actual impacts of these brilliant algorithms that you've created. Just for a reality check, just are we sure that this is the direction we want to go?


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[Assistant] So speaking of algorithms that have raised questions, uhm, I mean, you're on the board of Facebook, and I think, uhm, Mark Zuckerberg, you've done some mentoring for him.


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[Assistant] How much of a priority is it for the board of Facebook to really address some of the issues, or is the belief that actually the company's been completely unfairly criticized?


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[Assistant] Reed, I want to look at another passion of yours. I mean, you've done incredibly well with Netflix, you're a billionaire, and you spend a lot of time, and indeed money, on education.


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[Assistant] And sometimes the criticism is put that charter schools, uh, intentionally or unintentionally suck resources away from the public school system. Should we be concerned about that?


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[Assistant] Well I wanted to crash the party and it's always more fun, you know, to make an entrance.


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[Assistant] Oh, here she is. Shawshank Prison Library. National Geographics. Reader's Digest, Convince Books, and Louie Lamour. Look Magazine. Earl Stanley Gardner's. Every evening I load up the cart and make my round. I enter the names on this clipboard here. Easy peasy. Yep, and easy. Any questions?


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[Assistant] And in all that time have you ever had an assistant? No, no, no. Not much to it, really. Well, why me? Why now? I don't know. Wouldn't be nice to have some company down here for a change.


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[Assistant] Think about this. A revolver holds six bullets not eight. I submit that this was not a


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[Assistant] Why, it's Danny riding on a dinosaur.


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[Assistant] Thank you so much everyone.


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[Assistant] Welcome to PV Storytime. Children's books read aloud.


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[Assistant] A Tale of Two Beasts by Fiona Robertson


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[Assistant] I was walking home from Grandma's house through the deep, dark woods when I spied a strange little beast.


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[Assistant] He was stuck up a tree and whining sadly.


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[Assistant] And I wrapped him warmly in my scarf and carried him safely home.


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[Assistant] I gave him a lovely bath and a gorgeous new hat and sweater.


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[Assistant] I made him a beautiful house and gave him Lord Rex to play with.


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[Assistant] I took him out for lots of long walkies to keep him fit and healthy.


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[Assistant] And I showed him off to all my friends, who loved him nearly as much as I did. Ooh! Amazing! Awesome! So cute!


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[Assistant] But for some strange reason the little beast did not look very happy. In fact, he was looking rather hot. I hope he's not sick, I thought.


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[Assistant] He threw off his clothes, leapt out of the window,


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[Assistant] I wanted to go and look for him, but momma had other plans. Dinner time. Blech. Bath time. Ugh. Bed time. Grr.


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[Assistant] I couldn't sleep. I missed the little beast and wondered if I could ever see him again.


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[Assistant] But then, a small furry shadow appeared at the foot of my bed.


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[Assistant] A Tale of Two Beasts Part 2 The Terrible Beast


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[Assistant] I was hanging from my favorite tree, singing happily to the birds, tra la la la, tra la la la.


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[Assistant] She kept me in a tiny box with nothing for me to do and nowhere for me to hang from.


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[Assistant] She made me walk backwards and forwards.


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[Assistant] And backwards again for no reason whatsoever.


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[Assistant] She showed me off to a herd of even wilder beasts, who were just as terrible as she was.


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[Assistant] A plus B equals freedom.


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[Assistant] And weather like this one could do with a nice warm hat. Scritch. Scratch. Silence.


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[Assistant] I snapped back to retrieve it, under cover of darkness.


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[Assistant] Hi everyone. Thank you so much for watching my video. I hope you all enjoyed the story. If you like it, please give a thumbs up or share it. And remember to subscribe so you won't miss any new videos. Have a great day and see you in my next video.


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[Assistant] Lumbering lobsters, and who might you be?


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[Assistant] Look what we've got, Bill. It's a barometer.


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[Assistant] I think that means there's going to be a storm.


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[Assistant] We thought he would be happy being part of our family.


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[Assistant] And who knows, maybe we'll see him again sometime.


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[Assistant] Come back again to read more stories together anytime you like. Find more books to read yourself at ReadBrightly.com. Bye!


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[Assistant] Today we're going to read a story about a little bird looking for his mother. It's called Are You My Mother? by P.V. Eastman.


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[Assistant] A mother bird sat on her egg. The egg jumped. Uh oh, said the mother bird. My baby will be here. He will want to eat.


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[Assistant] I must get something for my baby bird to eat, she said. I will be back. So away she went. The egg jumped. It jumped and jumped and jumped.


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[Assistant] Out came the baby bird. Where is my mother? He said. He looked for her. He looked up. He did not see her. He looked down. He did not see her. I will go and look for her, he said.


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[Assistant] So away he went. Down, out of the tree he went. Down, down, down. It was a long way down. The baby bird could not fly


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[Assistant] Now I will go and find my mother, he said.


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[Assistant] He did not know what his mother looked like. He went right by her. He did not see her.


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[Assistant] He came to a kitten. Are you my mother? He said to the kitten.


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[Assistant] The kitten was not his mother. So he went on.


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[Assistant] Then he came to a hen. Are you my mother? He said to the hen. No, said the hen.


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[Assistant] I have to find my mother, he said. But where? Where is she? Where could she be?


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[Assistant] Then he came to a dog. Are you my mother? He said to the dog.


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[Assistant] I am not your mother. I am a dog, said the dog.


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[Assistant] The kitten was not his mother. The hen was not his mother. The dog was not his mother.


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[Assistant] So the baby bird went on. Now he came to a cow.


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[Assistant] Are you my mother? He said to the cow.


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[Assistant] How could I be your mother? said the cow. I am a cow.


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[Assistant] The kitten and the hen were not his mother. The dog and the cow were not his mother.


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[Assistant] I did have a mother, said the baby bird. I know I did. I have to find her. I will. I will.


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[Assistant] Now the baby bird did not walk. He ran. Then he saw a car. Could that old thing be his mother? No, it could not.


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[Assistant] The baby bird did not stop. He ran on and on.


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[Assistant] Now he looked way, way down. He saw a boat. There she is, said the baby bird. He called to the boat, but the boat did not stop. The boat went on. He looked way, way up. He saw a big plane. Here I am, mother, he called out.


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[Assistant] But the plane did not stop. The plane went on.


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[Assistant] Just then, the baby bird saw a big thing. This must be his mother. There she is, he said. There is my mother. He ran right up to it. Mother, mother.


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[Assistant] Here I am, Mother, he said to the big thing.


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[Assistant] But the big thing just said snort. Oh.


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[Assistant] You are not my mother, said the baby bird. You are a snort. I have to get out of here. But the baby bird could not get away. The snort went up. It went way, way up. And up, up, up went the baby bird. But now, where was the snort going?


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[Assistant] What is this snort going to do to me? Get me out of here!


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[Assistant] Just then the snort came to a stop. Where am I? said the baby bird. I want to go home. I want my mother. Then something happened. The snort.