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[Assistant] I think that's, I mean, it's very admirable and very moving, but it is still, uhm, only one kind of storytelling.


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[Assistant] There is an, an, another kind of, of storytelling, which I think is, uh, is freer.


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[Assistant] Of that kind of ethical responsibility, which you're assuming is part of the storytellers.


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[Assistant] Redeems reality as if reality has no meaning, but the storyteller gives it meaning, but you could say simply that, uh,


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[Assistant] It's not that we live in terror of the absurd, but rather we live. No, I don't think most people do.


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[Assistant] I think rather we live with our imagination very quiet, very still, at least after a certain age, and with all kinds of, uh, terrible conformities


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[Assistant] If I, I don't know, I'll tell you the last three.


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[Assistant] Works of fiction which I read, which is completely arbitrary.


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[Assistant] Uh, none of these, none of these books are modern. The last three books of fiction I read were The Let by Charlotte Bronte.


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[Assistant] Now all three of these books, uh, of fiction tell stories. Flush tells the story of the Brownings viewed through the eyes of the Cocker Spaniel that belonged to Elizabeth Barrett.


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[Assistant] Uh, she eloped with IT when she went with Robert Browning. And, uh, The Let, which is the unknown, wonderful novel by the author of Jane Eyre, tells a story of a school teacher in Brussels. Based, obviously, on Charlotte Bronte's own experience when she was a very young woman.


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[Assistant] The Nadine Gordimer novel tells the story of a woman, a young woman in South Africa.


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[Assistant] I must say all of these are stories and yet it was character and...


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[Assistant] Hallucinatory, hallucinatory detail in these stories.


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[Assistant] Or, or in the, in the Charlotte Bronte novel, it's extremely hallucinatory. One could almost say surrealistic in the account of this boarding school in Brussels.


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[Assistant] Uh, and the same for the best passages in Nadine Gordimer's book, and she's a wonderfully sensual writer. I don't think it was the story that interested me. It was...


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[Assistant] Almost anything could be related by these three very different writers.


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[Assistant] That in fact all three of them told the story of a life was almost secondary and I don't know what what the meaning is except


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[Assistant] To establish the rights of intensity. I think of that as the quality of fiction and storytelling. Restoring the claims of intensity, of intensity of feeling. I love a story that makes me cry, for instance. And I don't mean that, that, that I, I, it has to do with some meaning that I could sum up.


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[Assistant] Well that would make marriage, which is also another traditional, not contemporary ending for stories, uh, equivalent to death, uh, that is, if one sees life as


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[Assistant] Well I was thinking of Shakespeare actually. If you could say that generally the comedies end in marriages and the tragedies end in deaths. Both of them are endings in the sense that the life is seen as leading up to this. And whatever comes after is another life. Another kind of life.


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[Assistant] But then you are saying that the central thing about storytelling is to tell a life, and if the maximal understanding of a life only comes after death.


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[Assistant] Then the basic model of storytelling for you, of narration for you, is telling the story of a life.


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[Assistant] And that's, you see, where I don't agree. I mean, I think that's a very interesting model, and I suppose it is an archaic model, not the only one, because there are other stories.


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[Assistant] In a less literal way than you are suggesting. Because I guess I still balk at the...


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[Assistant] And don't you think that there, there are? No, I do. Are, are lots of wonderful narrations whose, whose uh, whose central strength is


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[Assistant] The depiction of character in which incident


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[Assistant] I mean, there's an awful lot of modern storytelling in which action is relatively immobilized and what story there is


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[Assistant] Uhm, I think we've enormously expanded the resources of storytelling.


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[Assistant] But I see that I see a bigger and bigger difference between us because you see


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[Assistant] The world as full of stories. And then you see these, uh, uhm,


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[Assistant] Special people who constitute themselves as storytellers and who now generally don't use the word. They say they're writers.


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[Assistant] And they tell these stories. They are the bearer of stories. They are the transmitters or emitters of stories.


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[Assistant] The vehicles. The secretaries, if you will. The secretary of stories. The secretaries of death.


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[Assistant] I don't see that the world is full of stories in that sense. I mean I think the story starts with the writer. I don't think that there, there is a story and then the writer claims it and transforms it, uh, and puts his or her voice into it and


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[Assistant] Adds this subjectivity. I think the writer is to be, to begin with, the originator of stories, and there are no stories outside of literature.


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[Assistant] Warriors Number 1 Into the Wild by Aaron Hunter Performed by McLeod Andrews Chapter 2


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[Assistant] Hissed bluestar, her face only a mouse length from his now. Lionheart remained silent as he towered over Rusty.


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[Assistant] He flattened his ears and crouched under the golden warrior's cold stare. His fur prickled uncomfortably. I, I am no threat to your clan, he mewed, looking down at his trembling paws.


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[Assistant] You threaten our clan when you take our food, yelled bluestar.


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[Assistant] You have plenty of food in your two-leg nest already. You come here only to hunt for sport. But we hunt to survive.


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[Assistant] The truth of the warrior queen's words pierced Rusty like a black thorn, and suddenly he understood her anger. He stopped trembling, sat up, and straightened his ears. He raised his eyes to meet hers. I had not thought of it that way before. I am sorry, he meowed solemnly. I will not hunt here again.


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[Assistant] Blue Star let her hackles fall and signaled to Lionheart to step back. You are an unusual kitty pet, Rusty. She meowed.


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[Assistant] Greypaw's sigh of relief made Rusty's ears twitch.


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[Assistant] He heard the approval in Bluestar's voice and noticed as she swapped a meaningful glance with Lionheart. The look made him curious. What flashed between the two warriors? Quietly, he asked, is survival here really so hard? Our territory covers only part of the forest, answered Bluestar. We compete with other clans for what we have. And this year, late new leaf means prey is scarce.


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[Assistant] Is your clan very big? Rusty meowed, his eyes wide. Big enough, replied Bluestar. Our territory can support us, but there is no prey left over. Are you all warriors then? Rusty meowed.


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[Assistant] Blue Star's guarded answers were just making him more and more curious. Lionheart answered him, some are warriors.


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[Assistant] Some are too young or too old or too busy caring for kids to hunt. And you all live and share prey together?


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[Assistant] Rusty murmured in awe, thinking a little guiltily of his own easy, selfish life. Bluestar looked again at Lionheart. The golden tabby stared back at her steadily. At last, she returned her gaze to Rusty and meowed. Perhaps you should find out these things for yourself. Would you like to join, ThunderClan? Rusty was so surprised he couldn't speak. Bluestar went on.


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[Assistant] If you did, you would train with Greypaw to become a clan warrior. But kitty pets can't be warriors? Greypaw blurted out. They don't have warrior blood. A sad look clouded Bluestar's eyes. Warrior blood, she echoed with a sigh. Too much of that has been spilled lately. Bluestar fell silent and Lionheart meowed.


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[Assistant] Blue Star is only offering you training, young kid. There is no guarantee you would become a full warrior. It might prove too difficult for you. After all, you are used to a comfortable life. Rusty was stung by Lionheart's words. He swung his head around to face the Golden Tabby. Why offer me the chance then? But it was Blue Star who answered. You are right to question our motives, young one.


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[Assistant] The fact is, ThunderClan needs more warriors.


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[Assistant] Understand that Blue Star does not make this offer lightly, warned Lionheart. If you wish to train with us, we will have to take you into our clam.


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[Assistant] You must either live with us and respect our ways, or return to your two-leg place and never come back. You cannot live with a paw in each world. A cool breeze stirred the undergrowth, ruffling Rusty's fur. He shivered.


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[Assistant] Not with the cold, but with excitement at the incredible possibilities opening up in front of him.


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[Assistant] Are you wondering if it's worth giving up your comfortable kitty pet life? Ask the blue star gently.


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[Assistant] You haven't yet been taken by the two legs to see the cutter. Meowed Blue Star gravely. You would be very different then.


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[Assistant] Not quite so keen to fight a clan cat, I suspect. Rusty was confused.


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[Assistant] He suddenly thought of Henry who had become fat and lazy since his visit to the vet. Was that what Bluestar meant by the cutter?


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[Assistant] The clan may not be able to offer you such easy food or warmth, continued bluestar.


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[Assistant] In the season of Leaf Bear, nights in the forest can be cruel. The clan will demand great loyalty and hard work.


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[Assistant] The strength and the fellowship of the clan will always be with you, even when you hunt alone. Rusty's head reeled.


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[Assistant] Blue Star seemed to be offering him the life he had lived so many times and so tantalizingly in his dreams. But could he live like that for real? Lionheart interrupted his thoughts. Come, Blue Star. Let's not waste any more time here.


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[Assistant] We must be ready to join the other patrol at Moon High. Tiger Claw will wonder what has become of us. He stood up and flicked his tail expectantly. Wait. Rusty meowed. Can I think about your offer? Bluestar looked at him for a long moment and nodded. Lionheart will be here tomorrow at Sun High, she told him. Give him your answer then.


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[Assistant] Blue Star murmured a low signal and in a single movement the three cats turned and disappeared into the undergrowth. Rusty blinked.


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[Assistant] He stared, excited, uncertain, up past the ferns that encircled him, through the canopy of leaves to the stars that glittered in the clear sky.


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[Assistant] The scent of the clan cats still hung heavy in the evening air. And as Rusty turned and headed for home,


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[Assistant] Has the most beautiful garden in our town.


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[Assistant] Nearly everybody enters for the nicest garden competition each year, but Joe wins every time.


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[Assistant] Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables. But Joe's garden is more interesting.


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[Assistant] And I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town.


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[Assistant] Well, I was struck by the fact that some of the most prominent, uh,


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[Assistant] Continental philosophers from the second half of the 20th century, some of them had a strong concept of anarchy.


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[Assistant] So among these philosophers, I can quote, so Sherman, of course, this is explicit in the title, but also Levinas, Derrida, Foucault, Agamben, Rancière and Deleuze.


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[Assistant] And I noticed that in most cases, anarchism or anarchy in these philosophers,


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[Assistant] Was more treated as a philosophical concept than a political one. And that there was a kind of dissociation between anarchy and anarchism. So Schumann is certainly the one who


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[Assistant] Explains most in detail, I mean, is the most explicit about what metaphysical anarchism can be. So that's why I decided that for tonight's show, we should focus on this text.


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[Assistant] Well, uh, it's rather than deconstruction is leading to, uh, this metaphysical anarchism he's talking about.


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[Assistant] So we have to go back to the very etymology of the term anarchy, anarchia in Greek.


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[Assistant] Which means literally without an RK. An RK it means in Greek principle.


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[Assistant] And principle has two senses, two meanings, uh, beginning, uh, we can hear


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[Assistant] Primary in principle, so something that begins and at the same time something that commands.


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[Assistant] And Aristotle, well, the term Archie existed in Greek before Aristotle, but he was the first to transform this word into a concept.


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[Assistant] Because he, he unified, united the two meanings, like beginning and commandment. So a principle,


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[Assistant] Is what determines everything, ontological, political.


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[Assistant] Practical et cetera. Metaphysics, classical metaphysics.


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[Assistant] Uh, Lay's foundation on the idea that there is no disorder or chaos.


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[Assistant] Into the cosmos or the, well, let's say, uh, the ontological arrangement of the world. That everything derives from, I think this is an important idea, to derive from, this is what Schumann calls the pros and schema in Greek, which means that everything must come from something else.


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[Assistant] Is the order of metaphysics itself. In fact, metaphysics, uh, the task of metaphysics is to study the order of things that is the way in which everything derives from something else that is namely a cause.


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[Assistant] Deconstruction is precisely in the literal meaning the act of undoing this order, this causal order.


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[Assistant] By stating that after all,


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[Assistant] Perhaps everything comes from nothing. Perhaps anarchy means that in fact things are what they are, contingently.


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[Assistant] And it doesn't mean chaos, or even if Nietzsche talks about chaos, it doesn't mean that everything is a big disorder, but that sometimes the systematicity of the causal order is absent.


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[Assistant] Uh, by another. This is a very classical critique of anarchism. Like, oh, anarchists think they are free from


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[Assistant] Uh, principles that is from the derivative order, but in fact,


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[Assistant] They re-institute a new form of principle. So anarchism is in fact an archism, not an anarchism.


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[Assistant] So instead of having God or a substance or cause, they have human nature.


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[Assistant] They have equality, they have principles, just like other philosophers or theoreticians.


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[Assistant] So I don't like this critique at all. I think that Sherman, when he says things like that, like, uh,


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[Assistant] My guess is that nevertheless, if we read Sherman, uh, in a certain way, uh, yes, we, we can perhaps find something interesting in his critique. And as you said,


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[Assistant] Well, so yes, this is of course very important, but Shaman, in fact, analyzes a double process and Archism is not only a new opening.


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[Assistant] So this is the, the motive of nihilism that Nietzsche had already analyzed.


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[Assistant] Which is that, in fact, principles get exhausted out of their own power, because they, in fact,


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[Assistant] The problem of the principle is that it can never find its right place. It is either too high above what it is the principle of.


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[Assistant] Or it is part of what it is the principle of and then it ceases to be a principle. So the principle is always too high or too low.


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[Assistant] It has never found its place. And so this is this process of, internal process of exhaustion of the principle.


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[Assistant] That leads to anarchism. So if something new can happen,


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[Assistant] And you're right, it is a new vision of acting, it is a new vision of political commitment. It will of course be a creation, but a creation that relies on an exhaustion.


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[Assistant] So that's a very, very strange, uhm, if you want, it's not a revolution. And I think this is the break with Proudhon and all anarchists. It won't happen like a revolution.


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[Assistant] It will happen as a negotiation between the old and the new. You see what I mean?


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[Assistant] Yes, thank you very much. Yes, of course, I see, I see the, the, the common points, you're right. And the, uh,


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[Assistant] Reference to Epicurus and the atoms and, uh, yes, of course, and this contingency, uh,


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[Assistant] That is talking about is of course resonates clearly with what Sherman is thinking then, but.


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[Assistant] Would any Marxist, uh, recognize that there's something anarchist in Althusser? I'm not sure.


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[Assistant] Schumann would say that materialism is still a metaphysical notion. You know, it is still a systematic way of, of seeing things. Even if I agree with you, there are some common points, definitely coming from nothing. I remember that.


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[Assistant] The prince comes from somewhere, uh, comes from nothing. So yes, there is a strong, uh, resemblance and at the same time, I think there's a limit.


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[Assistant] Yes, this is, this is very interesting.


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[Assistant] The ignorance Sherman is talking about is about Heidegger. When Heidegger was asked


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[Assistant] So, uh, what is it to be done now? What can we do? Uh, how do you see the future of anything? I don't know. And Heidegger used to answer, it's true, I don't know.


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[Assistant] And it means that if, as Adam was saying, something like an opening is...


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[Assistant] Coming that is a liberation of praxis of acting from theory that is from principles then, uh,


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[Assistant] It is clear that nobody can really anticipate what will happen, and I myself am very annoyed at all these books, you know, uhm, that come out, come out,


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[Assistant] At the moment, you know about the pandemics, now this is what will happen. Now this is, you know, like people, uh, who think they can predict and they can tell what will happen. So ignorance is in that sense, it is not at all negative.


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[Assistant] Which of course does not, uh, contradict what you said, that is that thinking is creative, thinking is productive, uh, thinking is an invention.


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[Assistant] But I think there's a strong difference and perhaps an incompatibility between creation and prediction.


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[Assistant] Of course, Marxists here might argue that this is a regressive way of seeing history, because history is a causal process and even if we cannot predict what is coming, we can at least


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[Assistant] Study causes and see how certain causes produce the same effect etc.


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[Assistant] So perhaps they would see that as a regressive way of thinking, but I don't think so.


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[Assistant] Uh, he's very close to what you're describing.


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[Assistant] Anarchistic kind of, uh, events, you know, uh, like assemblies, like, uh, Occupy movement, et cetera. And Rancière says, uh, there.


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[Assistant] There are very few moments when something like politics can happen. Uhm, most of the time we are with the police, in the police, uh, and the, well, politics, the political, uh, really, that is the anarchist, anarchism for him, can only, uhm, it's not perhaps always playful, as you said,


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[Assistant] But it is always creative, always unexpected, always uhm, yes, always an invention.


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[Assistant] And it cannot, as you say, it cannot be transformed into any kind of fixative.


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[Assistant] And you know, this is for me the big, the big problem that why do they, at the last moment, exactly, exactly what you said, at the very last moment, why don't they say, okay, I am an anarchist.


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[Assistant] At the very last moment they say, oh no, no, no, no. I have a very strong concept of anarchy, but I'm not an anarchist. That's strange. I mean, if you take Balibar or Althusser, nobody would ever hesitate to say, I'm a Marxist. What is the problem with anarchy?


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[Assistant] Very true. And in fact, you have a coincidence between what a showman will call a principle


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[Assistant] And what Rancière or Foucault will call government. In fact, it has the same meaning, both


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[Assistant] This non-governmentality, this radical equality can only emerge at very rare moments and perhaps won't ever appear. This is strange.


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[Assistant] That the uh, partition between obeying and commanding collapses. So either this is a very childish idea.


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[Assistant] And many people have said, this is really too naive. Of course we all need to be governed. Otherwise, look at that. Societies would collapse, et cetera.


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[Assistant] So either you reject it by saying this is really ridiculous or.


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[Assistant] You discover that it is a very deep question. That's the problematic of how commandment and obedience are linked together. How they became linked. And Aristotle is one of the most powerful, uh, thinkers of this linkage.


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[Assistant] Then it becomes abysmal and of course it is risky because nobody ever had really an answer to that. So you will say of course the classical anarchists had answers like the commune, like, uh,


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[Assistant] In Plotinus, the principle is not really a principle. You know, it's negative theology, so it's a principle without a principle. And so, all beings are perfectly equal.


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[Assistant] And Deleuze several times talks about this anarchistic ontological arrangement.


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[Assistant] Saying, or politically speaking, anarchism is risky, but ontologically it is okay. Because when you declare that being is anarchic, when you declare a kind of ontological anarchy, it is extremely risky.


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[Assistant] It is monstrous. So why do they admit?


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[Assistant] The Lewis and Foucault and others, why do they admit almost calmly, quietly?


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[Assistant] That's something like an ontological anarchy exists.


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[Assistant] And why do they freak out when it comes to political anarchism? You know, this is something I don't understand really. Yes, as soon as you say subjects are radically equal, beings are radically equal, there are no principles, uhm, there are no causes.


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[Assistant] That's paradoxical, because these people, Deleuze and others are considered post-anarchists.


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[Assistant] So destituent power for me immediately resonates with, uh, Agamben. Uh, there's a strong also concept of anarchy in Agamben linked with, uh, destituent power, uh, or in French we say destitutive.


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[Assistant] It seems to me that there are two ways in contemporary philosophy of thinking about destitute power.


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[Assistant] One by Agamben and the other by Rancière. Even if Rancière doesn't use this term, but still, I think there is something like, uh, that kind of, uh,


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[Assistant] A topic in Rancière. Rancière would be more on the side of the democracy collective, collective destituent power.


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[Assistant] And democracy, uh, understood not as a regime or form of government, but as this radical equality, uh, I was mentioning a moment ago and a kind of, um,


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[Assistant] Constitution of the, of the people out of its destitution in a certain sense. Constitution of the collective out of the destitution of, uh, society in the classical sense.


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[Assistant] So it's not about democracy. I don't think that Agamben ever.


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[Assistant] So I don't think it is a cup of tea. It's much more the form of life. That is how life has to incarnate, I think this is the word he uses, destituent power. And he reproaches Guy Debord.


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[Assistant] Distinguished form of life with private life. He says I'm not talking about private life, but about the form of life.


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[Assistant] The form of life in the sense that it in fact creates, it's very Nietzschean in fact, creates its own norms while


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[Assistant] So this is what is destituent for Agamben. It's not the absence of norms, it's not the absence of rules even.


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[Assistant] But, uh, the invention of rules, uhm, they are never decided in advance. They're always, uhm, created in the moment.


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[Assistant] And it takes the model on monastic communities, religious communities, Franciscan mainly.


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[Assistant] Yeah. Norms in the making. Exactly. Yes.


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[Assistant] No, this is the concept of X's habit in Aristotle.


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[Assistant] Yes, absolutely. So why is it the most plastic, uh, form for political organization? This is exactly what I was, um, what we were talking about with Craig, I think about Agamben, which is, um, like norms in the making, like not obeying any kind of predetermined rules or principles once again, but, um, plastically organizing one's own mode of living.


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[Assistant] Plastic resources, plastic social resources.


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[Assistant] Of self-invention, self-regulation, auto-organization about pleasure. It is true.


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[Assistant] That, there's a fundamental dimension of pleasure when you read some anarchists, like geographers mainly, Kropotkin, Reuclus, you know, uhm, they enjoy it, I mean, this is, but,


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[Assistant] Pleasure is a very, here also, risky notion, because pleasure is also death.


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[Assistant] And I think that on that point we have to reread Freud because clearly in his book Beyond the Pleasure Principle,


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[Assistant] He's clearly looking for a beyond principle that is an anarchy.


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[Assistant] That is just a little quest for satisfaction. Freud says, no, no, no, no. If there's a beyond the pleasure principle, it is because we're looking for a kind of pleasure that is


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[Assistant] An archic that, that is, uh, not obeying any kind of, uh, law or, and as you know, in the end, it becomes also the death drive.


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[Assistant] So uhm, yes, anarchism is pleasurable, but undoubtedly, it deals also with death.


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[Assistant] Would we kill each other or would we try to find a way of co-existing? And I think this question will always remain open.


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[Assistant] And this is the limit of pleasure because where is pleasure? Where is pleasure? Is it, is it in obeying a rule or is it in, uh, exceeding?


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[Assistant] Well, in my, in my work, this is very weak, but I can't think of a better word. I think it's a disavowal. I think there's something like a repression.


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[Assistant] There's something that prevents them from, yes, taking the lead and say, okay, uh, let's rethink seriously, uh, what anarchism is.


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[Assistant] What we can preserve from classical political anarchism. What we can take.


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[Assistant] Uh, what we can benefit from, current forms of anarchism like, uh, in Mexico, Zapatismo, in Kurdistan, and even in, uh, well, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we think of a very, very good, very powerful reading of, uh, Anarchy's text, there is none. So yes, I think.


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[Assistant] They cannot do it. I mean, there's, there's a form of, uhm, yes, you're right, of fear, but, but I don't understand why in Marxism, for example, uh, after all that happened in, uhm, communist countries, uhm, uh, why don't they have the same fear, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, uh, so why is anarchism more risky? I don't know. I don't know. I think it is a, yes, an internal repression, something, but you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think they stole the concept of anarchy. They stole it.


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[Assistant] Because when Sherman talks about anarchism and so on and so on, they did not, I mean, it's only Proudhon who transformed the term. Before Proudhon, anarchism was absolutely, well, was entirely a negative concept. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It meant chaos, disorder, etc. It could not be used in a positive, uh, way.


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[Assistant] And Proudhon has this magnificent text, which is what is property, in which he transforms, I mean, he, he accomplishes a semantic revolution by saying anarchism is not disorder, it's order minus power. From then on.


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[Assistant] Anarchism could have, could get a positive meaning. And don't tell me that these people, Chemin de leuzezera, can use the term anarchism.


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[Assistant] Without consciously or not knowing that the term had been transformed by anarchists.


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[Assistant] Because where, where, where does Sherman take his concept of anarchy?


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[Assistant] There's something here, you know, when you think how, how scrupulous they are, uh, by doing etymology, the sera, by restituting the terms, all this comes, you know, they never do the same with anarchism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is not acknowledged. There's something like a, yes, what I call a theft.


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[Assistant] They never account for the origin of these ideas. They would, they would never say, oh, this I found in Proudhon. Never. Why? I don't know.


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[Assistant] Well, that's very interesting and if you look at even Deleuze, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When philosophers, even the most deconstructive, when they talk about pleasure, you always find


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The idea of a self-government. That pleasure cannot exist without a kind of self-governance, a series of rules. You know, look at his book on masochism. It's always, and same thing in Foucault,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same thing in Derrida et cetera. There's always a limit.


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[Assistant] has never been emancipated from the idea of government except in Freud in a very problematic way and beyond the pleasure principle. Otherwise,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's always a notion of government, this is what I'll try to demonstrate tomorrow, that what undermines Foucault's anarchism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is this idea of, well, government is always re-entering the scene, always. Even if there's a critique of governmentality, even et cetera, et cetera, there's always this idea that pleasure can only be, uh, reached or experienced through, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The couple passivity activity, which is another form.


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[Assistant] Yes, of course, uh, this is the fundamental, uh, critique of anarchism, like, we cannot live without principles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How can we live our lives, uh, individually or collectively if we don't have any rules or, oh, okay. First of all, I mean, I insist on that because, uh, the first thing to say is that some anarchism is about, I would say, cancelling of the difference between commanding and obeying. Uh, the, uh, cancelling of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If this is ever possible, but anyway, to avoid any form of, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, well, uh, anarchism relies on federalism, platforms and consensus.


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[Assistant] So it is a, a mode of organization that relies on very short, as I said, monda in French, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's about, uh, what we were talking about a moment ago, like the capacity of each of us to invent one's own rule. Uh, and this is also a very, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Selection is made out of pre-existing principles. So the ones who are selected are in fact the most


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[Assistant] It's not, it's, it's a, it's a, it's plasticity, that is, uh, how you invent the rule that you need in the moments, at the moment when you need it, uh, in a very fluid way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, no! From all over. Looks like you're building a bit of a name for yourself here, kid. Really? Huh. Well, I guess it's about time folks recognized my talent.


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[Assistant] Moxie, I raised you better than that.


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[Assistant] Our neighbor, Captain Charles Allison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow.


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[Assistant] We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Popsil. Popsil is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times.


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[Assistant] Captain Allison will set out at eight o'clock, so we'll have plenty of time. We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him.


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[Assistant] Trust is one of the most important things to begin with when training a dog.


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[Assistant] Just like humans, dogs are not going to learn efficiently from someone they don't trust. And trust is actually surprisingly easy to build. There's not much to it. You just have to be authentic. Let's just call dogs good poker players.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They know your tells. They can tell when you're being authentic, and they can tell when you're completely full of it. This is where trust is so important. Before you decide to train your dog, you have to get that dog to trust you. This makes the training process so much more easy, so much more efficient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And typically the best ways to build trust are also the easiest things to do. Sit there on the couch, watch TV, have your dog right next to you.


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[Assistant] Just give them treats here and there. Take them for a walk. Play with them. Throw the ball. For a dog to trust you, it's not rocket science. It just takes a little bit of time, and like I said, it takes a lot of authenticity. Trust and bonding fall under the same category. They're the exact same thing. Whenever you get a new dog, you're bonding with them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you bond with a dog, the dog is slowly but surely learning how to trust you. Especially when it comes to a rescue. You don't know that dog. You have no idea what that dog's been through. That dog doesn't know if you're just like the same person it was living with a few months ago, which could have been an abusive, very neglectful person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But over time, the dog slowly learns that you are not the bad guy. You are to be trusted. And this is where the bonding period solidifies to a point where the dog finally comes up to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And literally tells you without saying a word, I'm ready to be trained.


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[Assistant] The best story I can give you with trust is my dog Lulu. She's 14 years old now. She's a Chihuahua and she did not come up to me for nearly four years. Every time I got near her, she would run away. Every time I went to pet her, she would shake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why did she do this? Because she did not trust me. This all comes from her history.


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[Assistant] I don't know what her history was, but if I had to guess, she was abused. Took me years to earn her trust.


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[Assistant] I just lost my Jack Russell. He was 14 years old too, I had to put him down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At that time, I had Lulu for about four years. Lulu, up until that point, she was very reluctant to come near me. Every once in a while she would come near me, but she wouldn't spend much time with me. When my Jack Russell died, I came home and I cried. Lulu crawled in my lap. And that was the moment she trusted me. From that moment, uhm, Lulu was a lot easier to train.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The entire point I'm making here is there's no timeline for trust. Trust could happen overnight, could happen in a week, could happen in four years, like it happened with me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exercise is one of the most important things you should be giving your dog. A lot of people contact me and they say my dog is completely out of control. They say he's been through obedience training but he won't listen to a word I say. He's running all over the house, he's doing this, that and the other thing and so I get over there and I say let me see what's going on here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I run the dogs through all their obedience commands. The dog is perfect. But the dog is still wild. I say, you don't need a dog trainer. You need a dog walker.


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[Assistant] When your dog is effectively trained, 90% of their behavior issues come from lack of exercise. I'm going to say that one more time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ninety percent of a dog's behavior issues come from lack of exercise. I don't care how well your dog is trained. If your dog has an enormous amount of energy,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's not allowed to release it. You haven't taken that dog for a walk or a run or taken it on a hike or taken it to a dog park. You now have an out of control dog.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dogs were meant to run. They were meant to explode.


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[Assistant] They come from an animal that runs 20, 30 miles a day. Wolves cover huge stretches of land. This is where your dog's genetics come from. If you don't properly exercise your dog, this is where most of your behavior issues start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Socialization is vital and it's always recommended from a very young age. When that dog is a puppy, they should be socializing with everyone, every dog and every environment out there you can possibly find.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A dog that's not properly socialized grows up to be a dog that's either scared of other dogs or often aggressive with other dogs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They can also be scared of humans or even aggressive with humans if they weren't properly socialized with them. Same with environments. If you didn't socialize your puppy around loud environments, intersections, lots of people, lots of chaos going on, well guess what? That dog's older and you get him around that environment, I guarantee they're gonna be scared of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the question remains, what if you have a rescue dog that you got when it was three, four years old, you had no power in


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For years, it was very popular to teach that dog training is all about dominance. I hate that word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dog training is not about dominance. It's about leadership. Dominance makes a dog scared of you.


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[Assistant] Leadership makes the dog look up to you. Leadership makes the dog want to be like you.


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[Assistant] Leadership makes the dog eager to learn and want to do it again next time and even better next time. You can get from point A to point B in a much more efficient and much more humane amount of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The brain works like a sponge. It needs to take things in, absorb slowly, naturally, organically. I like to let it absorb in the dog's mind. Let them take it in, let them understand it. Next day, their mind is nice and refreshed. And one of the most important things here, and this is something I really want you to understand,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like with humans, a good night's sleep is vital to a dog.


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[Assistant] You make sure that when you're training your dog, you train your dog that is well rested.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ugh, I hate this place. Oh yeaah, this is your old stomping ground, isn't it Mox?


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[Assistant] Yeah, John, you helped train me on Owa. I was the top of my class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I was wondering how long it would take for you to make a pass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reason for this is simple. Dogs can see, dogs can hear. They understand both, and it's always good when you train to have a backup. When I teach the sit, stay, down, and come commands, I always give a hand signal and a verbal signal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could be on your phone, you could be at a restaurant, and you find that that hand signal actually comes in handy quite often. Throughout this class, I'll be showing you all the hand signals that go with the verbal commands. And you'll be doing it with this little guy right here. Your treat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your treat selection is very important. I like treats that fit between your fingers. I don't want the treat too big, and you definitely don't want it too small. So this size right here is pretty ideal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And every command you're gonna have the treat between your fingers. The treat is what's gonna get their attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the hand signal and verbal command are what they're going to be trained to respond to. So first we start with the sit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The treat goes between the first two fingers. Palm up.


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[Assistant] 45 degree angle over the dog's head while saying the word sit. The stay. Treat between the first two fingers.


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[Assistant] Palm flat out as if you're hitting a wall and saying the word stay at the same time. The down. Treat between the first two fingers.


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[Assistant] Palm down and say the word down. Now you want to move your hand a good foot or so. You really want to exaggerate this one. Say the word down. Come. You simply slap your leg or clap your hands while saying the word come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I'll be teaching you some proper leash techniques that we'll be using throughout the class. I see a lot of people walking their dogs like this. Uh-uh. None of this crap. I don't want to see a rat's nest all balled up in your hands, okay? I want to see you with professional grips. The point of these grips is to save your hand from rope burns.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You hold a leash like this and you got a big dog, this is gonna be happening and trust me, you do not want your hand to be in the line of fire of this leash. You will get a rope burn you will never forget. Holding it like this, which is the pointed finger lock,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How we do this is we put the leash between the pointer and the middle finger.


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[Assistant] Make a fist to where your leash is now locked in your hand, and what this does, it creates a lock where the leash cannot come out of your hand. There's another way we could do this. This is the thumb lock. Same thing, the leash goes through the thumb, down the palm of the hand, now we make a fist


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It locks both ends of the leash up. Your thumb is over your pointer finger, effectively creating a thumb lock. Also known as a thumb grip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the leash is 100% locked in your hand. Essentially, these grips can hold a 300 pound animal. Now, I'm not asking you to hold a 300 pound animal, but if you just happen to, you might be able to hang onto them with your hand only. The rest is up to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also very important to point out is the J in my leash. If you look down here at Lucky, notice how the leash is in the shape of a slight J. That's exactly how I want you to work your dogs. I don't want the leash too tight where you're choking them and I definitely don't want it too loose because it gives them way too much freedom and you'll lose control very quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That J is an important detail to remember as we move forward in the class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another leash technique we'll be using in the class is the double loop. And that's where you simply loop it once, loop it twice. You make sure the leash going down to the clip is hitting your pinky, and this will come in handy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When walking a small dog because your corrections will be in your wrist or your pinky. Just like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very important as we're doing the heel with a small dog especially that my elbow is literally glued to my ribs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My forearm technically is not moving. All my movement is in my wrist only, mostly in my fingers. This is a technique I call the body anchor. I call it the body anchor because you want your body to become an anchor if you have a big dog pulling you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rufus here has four legs, I've only got two. And if I try this tug of war battle, my arms are eventually gonna blow out. I don't want you holding a leash like this. I definitely don't want you holding it like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I want you to do is find the center of gravity of your body, which is from here to here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want to do like the old school repellers did before they had fancy tools. I want you to grab the leash right here like this. This arm is going to choke up, a foot down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From that point, you're gonna twist your hips, lean your body back. Now as you can see, all the tension is on my hips. Essentially this arm is free, the only point of this hand is to keep the pressure of the leash right here. My arms are not doing the pulling at this point, my body is doing the pulling. Hence the body anchor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My core fundamental in training comes down to one word and one word only. Control. In dog training, control comes in many forms. It comes in the form of a leash. It comes in the form of some sort of pedestal or platform to train on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it also comes in the form of this technique I'm about to show you right now, known as the double leash lock off. All it is, is a harness, a collar, and two leashes. Now it's very important to understand exactly what the two leashes are for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The back leash is known as the anchor leash. And as you can see, I have it staked off to the ground. You don't necessarily have to use a stake though.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can use an eye bolt and a fence. You can use something heavy like the leg of a table or a chair. Anything to anchor off that back leash. That's the whole point of it. And then we come to the front leash, which is known as the guide or correction leash. And as you can see, when I pull the front leash, now both leashes are straight, preventing her from moving forwards, backwards, left or right, creating a more efficient way to train an animal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your whole goal in dog training is to get from point A to point B in the most humane and the most efficient way. And nothing helps you do that more effectively than the double leash lock off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which one? How many cowboys do you know? What does he look like, your highness?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It takes years to book an appointment at this place. It took five for me to get this one, so, you know, and, and she's been doing a lot of field work, so, you know, she needs it. Oh, haha, well, I do agree. That is very important. But, I- Jesus, shut up already!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you go back to these original myths, you're looking at the heroes themselves, the warriors if you will. Tolkien then takes this story and he tells it from the point of view of a not likely hero, the reluctant warrior. And that I think is rather unique.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gandalf has become an archetype for wizards after the writing of Lord of the Rings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prior to that, magic was considered bad, anti-Christian, was a little bit evil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gandalf, I think, is a solidly good figure. He really tries to do what's best for all the creatures of Middle Earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, like you said, it was a long time ago.


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[Assistant] I suppose you wanna know why you're here. Yeah, so what gives? I mean, you know we kill people on Earth, right? We don't normally do contracts for locals, so if you wanna do business with us, you gotta- I don't wanna do business with you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you know, mostly the mature thing. Oh, okay, okay, so the horseless-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And passing planes can be heard night and day.


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[Assistant] The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use.


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[Assistant] Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left.


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[Assistant] Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.


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[Assistant] I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad, and they're probably right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What did you do with her? Hold up, Zee. She's with me. And that changes what exactly, Babs? Woah, easy for once. This girl's not with anybody.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Greypaw and Ravenpaw were still patching the hole when Firepaw reached them.


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[Assistant] I'll go and get you some poppy from Spotted Leaf, Fireball offered.


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[Assistant] He was worried by the dull look in his friend's eyes and the way his muscles seemed stiff with pain. No, don't worry, mute Graypaw. I'll be fine. It's no trouble, Firepaw insisted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And before Greypaw could argue, he bounded off towards Spottedleaf's den. She was pacing her small clearing, her eyes clouded with unhappiness. Are you okay? Firepaw asked. The spirits of StarClan are restless. I think they are trying to tell me something. She replied, flicking her tail uneasily. What can I do for you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think Graypaw could do with some poppy seeds for his leg, Firepaw explained. His rat bites are still hurting him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pain of losing Lionheart will make his injuries feel worse. But he'll mend in time, don't worry. In the meantime, you're right, poppy seeds will help. Spotted Leaf went into her den and brought out a dried poppy head. She placed it carefully on the ground. Just shake out one or two and give them to him, she meowed. Thanks, Firepaw mewed. Are you sure you're okay? Go and see to your friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw picked up the poppy head between his teeth and began to walk away. Wait, Spottedleaf hissed suddenly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw spun around expectantly and met her tawny gaze. Her eyes burned back at him. Firepaw, she hissed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] StarClan spoke to me moons ago before you joined the clan. I sense they want me to tell you this now. They said only fire can save our clan. Firepaw stared at spotted leaf, mystified. The strange passion faded from her eyes. Take care, Firepaw. She meowed in her normal voice and turned away. See you, Firepaw replied uncertainly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her strange words were echoing in his mind, but he could not make sense of them. Why had she shared them with him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surely fire was an enemy to all who lived in the forest. He shook his head in frustration and bounded over to the apprentice's den.


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[Assistant] Great paw. Fire paw hissed into the ear of his sleeping friend.


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[Assistant] Dreams swirled through his mind each time he fell asleep, confusing and indistinct, but full of darkness and menace. Graypaw, Firepaw hissed again, but his friend did not stir. He'd eaten two of the poppy seeds before he'd slept, and now he was in a deep slumber. Are you awake, Firepaw? Ravenpaw mewed from his nest. Firepaw spat silently under his breath. He had wanted to talk to Graypaw before Ravenpaw awoke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ravenpaw sat up in his bed of moss and heather and began to wash with quick flicks of his tongue. Are you going to wake him? He asked, nodding toward Graypaw. A deep voice growled outside their den. I hope so. Training is about to start. Firepaw and Ravenpaw jumped. Graypaw, wake up. Firepaw poked his friend with one paw. Tigerclaw is waiting. Graypaw lifted his head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His eyes were still heavy with sleep. Are you ready yet? Called Tigerclaw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw and Ravenpaw crept out of the den, blinking as they emerged into the sunlight. The deputy was sitting beside the tree stump. Is the other one coming? he asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, Firepaw replied, feeling defensive on behalf of his friend. He's only just woken up. Training will do him good, growled Tigerclaw. He's grieved for long enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw held the menacing amber gaze for a few moments. Warrior and apprentice, for a heartbeat their eyes were locked as enemies. Greypaw scrambled sleepily out of the den. Blue Star will be ready for you in a moment, Firepaw, announced Tigerclaw. The words distracted Firepaw from his anger. His first training session with Blue Star. Excitement surged through him, yet expected his wounded mentor to be resting still.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Greypaw, continued Tigerclaw, you can join my training session. Do you think you're up to it, Ravenpaw? He glowered at his apprentice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After all, you got some pretty nasty nettle stings while the rest of us were fighting those rats. Ravenpaw looked at the ground. I'm fine, he mewed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Greypaw and Ravenpaw followed the deputy out of the camp entrance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ravenpaw's head hung low as he disappeared through the Gorse tunnel. Firepaw sat and waited for Bluestar. She did not keep him long.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Grey Queen emerged from her den and padded across the clearing.


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[Assistant] Her fur was still matted in places where her wounds were fresh, but she betrayed no pain in her confidence stride. Come, she called to him. Firepaw noticed with surprise that she was alone. Darkstripe and Longtail were nowhere to be seen. A thought occurred to him and suddenly his excitement was tinged with anxiety.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here was an opportunity to tell Bluestar what he had overheard last night. He caught up with her as she headed for the gorse tunnel and fell in step behind her. Will your guards be joining us? He asked hesitantly. Bluestar replied without looking back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've ordered Darkstripe and Longtail to help with the camp repairs. Securing ThunderClan's base is our first priority. Firepaw's heartbeat quickened. He would tell her about Ravenpaw as soon as they left camp. The two cats followed the trail to the training hollow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The path was strewn with freshly fallen golden leaves that rustled beneath their paws.


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[Assistant] Could he bring himself to say out loud that he suspected Tigerclaw had killed Redtail?


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[Assistant] I asked Tigerclaw to hold his training session in another part of the forest today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bluestar explained as she padded into the center of the hollow. I want to concentrate on your fighting skills, and I want you to concentrate on them too, which means no distractions. I must tell her now, thought Firepaw. She needs to know about the danger Ravenpaw is in. His paws prickled with anxiety. I won't have another chance like this. Sudden movement flashed in the corner of his eye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A swish of grey whirled past his nose, and Firepaw fell forward as his forepaws were knocked lightly from underneath him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He staggered, regained his balance, and spun around to see Bluestar sitting calmly beside him. Do I have your attention now? She growled. Yes, Bluestar, sorry. He replied hastily, looking into her blue eyes. That's better. Firepaw, you have been with us for many moons now. I have watched you fight. With the rats, you were quick. With the Shadow Clan warriors, you were fierce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You outwitted Greypaw on that very first day we met, and you defeated Yellowfang with your cleverness too.


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[Assistant] She paused, then lowered her voice to an intense hiss.


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[Assistant] But one day you will meet an opponent who is all of these things as well. Quick and fierce and clever. It's my duty to prepare you for that day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fireball nodded, completely caught up in her words. His senses were fully alert.


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[Assistant] All thoughts of Ravenpaw and Tigerclaw had disappeared, and the musty odors and tiny noises of the forest rushed in upon him. Let's see how you fight, Bluestar ordered. Attack me. Firepaw looked at her, sizing her up and wondering the best way to begin. Bluestar was standing less than three rabbit lengths away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was twice his size, so it would be a waste of effort to begin with the usual paw swipes and wrestling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if he could leap straight onto her back with a powerful enough jump, he might be able to unbalance her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of landing on her shoulders, he found himself crashing down toward her upturned belly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He hit the dusty ground hard and lay winded for a moment before he scrambled to his feet


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[Assistant] Interesting strategy, but your eyes betrayed where you were aiming, growled bluestar, as she stood up and shook off the dust from her thick coat. Now, try again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This time Firepaw looked at her shoulders, but aimed for her paws. When Blue Star dropped to the ground, he would hit her as she crouched.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw felt a rush of satisfaction as he leaped, but it turned to confusion as Bluestar unexpectedly sprang into the air and let him crash into the ground where she had stood just a heartbeat before. She timed it perfectly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As he landed she thundered down on top of him, squashing the breath out of him. Now try something I don't expect, she hissed into his ear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw scrambled up, panting, and shook himself crossly. Even Yellowfang had not been so tricky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He hissed and leaped again. This time, as he flew at Bluestar, he stretched out his forepaws. She reared up on her hind legs and used her forepaws to twist him away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blue star meowed calmly, as once more he struggled through his paws.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're strong and quick, but you must learn to keep control of your speed and body weight so that it's not so easy for me to unbalance you. Try again. Firepaw backed away, hot, dusty, and out of breath. Frustration raged through him. He was determined to get the better of his mentor this time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Slowly he crouched and began to creep toward bluestar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She mirrored his crouch and hissed into his face as he approached. He raised a paw and swiped at her left ear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She ducked to avoid his strike and reared up, towering over him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quickly, Firepaw rolled onto his back, slithered beneath her body, and in one fast movement, kicked both his back legs upward into her belly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bluestar was flung backward and fell onto the sandy earth with a loud grunt. Firepaw flipped himself over and leaped to his paws. He felt jubilant. Then he saw Bluestar lying in the dirt, and for the first time remembered her wounds. Had he reopened them? He dashed to her side and stared down at her. To his relief, her eyes glinted proudly back at him. That was much better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She puffed. She stood and shook herself. She sprang at him, knocking him to the ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw braced himself, but she bowled him over easily again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at my size, Firepaw. Don't try to stand up against my attack. Use your wits. If you are fast enough to avoid me, then avoid me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw scrabbled to his feet again, preparing for her attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This time he didn't dig his paws into the soft ground but stood lightly, keeping his weight on his toes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As Blue Star flew toward him, he hopped neatly out of her path, reared up onto his hind legs, and, with his forepaws, pushed her flying body onward past him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blue star landed gracefully on all four paws and turned. Excellent! You learn quickly, she purred. But that was an easy move. Let's see how you deal with this one. They trained until sunset.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firepaw heaved a sigh of relief when he heard Blue Star meow. That's enough for today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His muscles were aching and his head spinning with all he had learned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As they trekked together back through the trees, he couldn't wait to tell Greypaw and Ravenpaw about this training session. And it wasn't until they reached the camp boundary


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[Assistant] That Firepaw realized he'd forgotten to tell Bluestar about Ravenpaw.


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[Assistant] So, take it things aren't going well on the other side.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Told you! And I can't believe you didn't ask Hal Jordan to be your Green Lantern! I mean, John, you're cool in a hole, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey guys. So today we're going to work on making our crops persistent across different rooms. So at the moment when we leave our farm room and then we come back, we can see that all of our crops get deleted because all objects in a room are deleted when the room ends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're going to change that. We're going to set up a system where our crops sort of master object is going to save all of our individual crops data when the room ends and then it will respawn them when we re-enter the farm room. And I just want to quickly point something out. You might be wondering why we're not just using the persistent check right here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of our master system objects, like the crops and game objects, we've used it to make them persistent, so why can't we do that for our crops?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if we do that, this will make our crops persist over all of the rooms. So if we make a crop and then we go into another room, we'll see our crop sitting right there in the location that we planted it in the farm room. And that's not what we want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we could make them invisible when it's not in the farm room, but that would still mean the object is still existing and still running code and taking up resources.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's not good either. Uh, we could also just deactivate the instance if we're not in the room, but still it just seems way too messy to leave objects there when they just don't have to be. We can just save their data at the end of the room and delete them as normal and respawn them when we're in the farm room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So as you might be anticipating, we're going to be using another grid to save the crops data and we'll call this just DS crops data. So now we've got DS crops types, DS crops instances, and DS crops data. Those are our three grid data structures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So our new grid data structure is going to store four different things about the crop. So it's going to have a width of four. So for every single crop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to save their position in the instance grid and remember, so the instance grid is that grid that's breaking up our farm into.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A grid of 32 by 32 pixels. So we're going to save its X and Y grid location in these first two columns. And then we're going to save the crop's crop type because when we're respawning the crop, we need to know what crop to actually respawn. And then finally, we're going to tell it how old the crop is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that way, once we've responded at this location, this type of crop, and this many days old, it should look exactly the same as the crop that we destroyed when we left the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So basically at the end of the room, we loop through all of our crops in the instance grid and we add all of their data to this new data grid. So every row will represent a new crop. Then when we re-enter the farm room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We loop through this grid and we respawn all of the crops and we pass them all of their data from this grid, like their crop type and how old they are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first thing we're going to do is come to our crops object and create event. And we're going to create our data grid. So we're going to call this DS crops data. And we're actually just going to create it right here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Create four and one. And then what we're going to just do is we're going to clear the grid to minus one. And what this does is it sets all of the cells in this grid to be equal to a certain value. And in this case, I'm setting it to minus one and this is kind of going to be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All right. And the next thing we're going to do is we'll set up saving the crops at the end of the room. So we're going to go to the room end event and we're going to have, so if our room is equal to room farm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you remember the room end event is running at the end of every single room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ObjCrop. So this will get the number of ObjCrop instances in our room. So, and then we say if there is none, so if int num is equal to zero, then there's no data here, but otherwise,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is crops, so save their data. So let's say we entered the farm room and there was crops in the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But then we went ahead and we destroyed all of the crops, like we picked them or something. And then we went and left the room. So that means our data grid will have some data in it. And now we leave the room and it's time to save the crops data, but there is none. So what we have to do is we kind of have to overwrite all of the previous stuff and just get rid of it all. So we're going to basically reset it. So we're going to go DS grid and we're just going to clear it again so that all the cells have minus one. All right. But if we do have some crops in the room,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then let's go ahead and we're going to save it. So first we have to resize our grid. So the data grid is going to be at different heights, depending on how many crops are in the room. Remember each row of the grid is going to be denoting a different crop. And so the grid's height is actually just going to be equal to the instance number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But again, we might change that later, so I'm just gonna say get whatever the current width is and set it to that again. So, ds grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the height is going to be inst num, however many instances there are. Okay. And now we're going to loop through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to do this, we kind of have to go check each spot like horizontally across the grid and go through it one cell by one every single time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're going to use the same logic as we have in the past. So we need some information about the grid first. So we're going to set up some variables again. So we're going to set up the grid width. So this is going to be grid width of the instance grid and the height.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm also going to set up a variable called slot. This is going to be the sort of row that this instance is going to be in our data grid. So it's slotting in, in the grid. So we're going to start at zero because the first one will just be in slot zero. Okay. So now we loop through the instance grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the number of times we're repeating will be the width of the instance grid because we're kind of, we're going across all of the x positions in the grid and then we go across all of the y positions in the grid and we keep going through the entire grid like that. And every time we loop through an x position, we also loop through the y.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And every single time we're doing any of that, we increment by one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So every time at every slot of our instance grid, what we're going to check is, is there an instance at this location of the grid? So at dscrops instances, x, x, y, y. And then we're going to say, if there is an instance in the cell, save its data. So we go, if int does not equal zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because remember, when we create a crop, it slots in its instance ID to our instance grid. So we're checking if it's not zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then that means there is something there and we're going to save its data. Four things about it. So we're going to have dscrops data. So in the first row, we have to save its position in the grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The x coordinate for the data grid, this will always just be zero because this is the column for the grid x, but what is the y going to be? And that's just going to be whatever place it's slotting it into. So it's going to be whatever this value is currently equal to. So we'll say slot. And then when this is all done, what we'll do down the very bottom here is we'll increase slot for the next instance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in this spot, we're gonna save its current x position in the grid and this will just be equal to whatever xx currently is because we're looping through this whole grid. So xx will be equal to whatever cell of the grid we're currently in. And we do the same for the y.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now, now we're saving what crop type it is. So this is the third column. This is actually column two because we're starting at zero. So now we're just going to get whatever the crop type of our instance is. So we can just go ints.cropType.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And finally, we are saving how many days old the instance is. All right, there we go. So we've saved the crop starter. That is all we need to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now finally, I know we've kind of moved some of this stuff around a little bit in the previous video, but I'm actually gonna


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make another change to how we're storing the instances grid. Once we have done all of this, the instance grid itself, which is just saving whatever crops are currently in the room because the room is ending and we're going to leave the room and we don't need the data anymore. I'm actually just going to destroy it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're going to actually be recreating it at the start of every single room. So I'm also just going to take it out of this and delete that event and put this into the game end. And while we're here, actually, we should add our new grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The DSCrop starter into the game end so that we are destroying our data structure when the game ends. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's that for saving the data. So we get the number of crops. We resize the data grid to that number of crops. We loop through the instances grid to see what was in the room. If we find any instances at particular points in the room, then we go ahead and we save their data to the data grid. And then we go and destroy the instance grid because we don't need it anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas the DS crops instances just needs to be there in the room when we're in it. So we saved the data. Now we have to respawn all the crops. So let's go to the room start and we're going to change this a little bit so we can get rid of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we still need this condition for checking if we are actually in just the farm room because we're not going to be respawning anything otherwise. So if we're in the farm room, then that's fine. We go ahead and we create that crop grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what I'm just going to do is I'm just going to make sure that all of these slots when I'm recreating the grid are equal to zero. It should be when you make a new grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But sometimes you can get weird artifacts in data structures. So I'm just going to make sure that they are all zero and we're going to clear it again because our grid is going to have some empty spots. All right. So now we're going to re spawn the crops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firstly, we're gonna just check if there's actually anything in the crop starter. And the way we're gonna tell if there's not is if you remember when we have created it for the first time and there's nothing in it, we set it all of the cells to minus one. And we also did that in the room end here, if we found that there was no instances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are no crop types that have an index of minus one and it can't be a negative number of days old. So basically we can just check any cell of the grid and if it's equal to minus one, then we know that we haven't saved it over any of the data. So I'm just going to check if dscrops data and we'll just check the first cell. And so if it's not equal to minus one, then we know that there is data saved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that means we can go ahead and we can respawn whatever is in there. So let's get how many instances there are again. So let's set up inst num ds grid height of ds crops data. And basically what we're going to do is, so for however many instances there are, we're going to kind of loop through all of them and we're going to respawn


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That instance. And to do that, we're actually gonna create another script, just to make things a little bit neater. And I'm gonna call this script, RespawnCrop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We loop through it and go through all of these slots and hand over all of these values.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to respawn the crop and I'm going to write it out over a few lines because otherwise this is going to take out a lot of space. And remember to put this at the end of your repeat statements so that every time you're repeating slot is getting incremented. So we're going through all of the slots in the grid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for the first argument, and you can see our arguments are coming up here, although,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There we go. All right. So the first one we give it is the grid X, which we can just access by going DS crops data. And we know this is going to be in the first row, which is row zero. So we go zero and then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The y position is just gonna be whatever the slot is currently equal to, right? So that's the first argument, and then our second argument.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we can just copy paste this for all of the other arguments and then just change all of these.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and it's just kind of complaining right now because we haven't written the script to be using our arguments. So let's go do that. Let's go write our script.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So similar to our instance create crop grid, but we actually, we don't have to check all of these tile things and everything because we should have already done that. So whatever location it's telling us to respawn, it should be fine. So we're going to instance create layer and we will recreate a crop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, remember, so the argument that we've been given here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the grid position, but we have to convert that back to pixels for when we're respawning it. So we can't just put argument zero for this one because we have to basically change it by whatever our cell size is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm going to set up a couple of variables here to calculate that. So we're going to have xx and yy, and this is going to be argument zero times the cell size. And we can use this variable because remember the context of this script, we should be in the crops object. So we should be able to access the cell size variable because that's where we set it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and we do the same for the y. So now we can just put xx and yy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Except that's not quite right either because we want it in the middle of the cell, if you remember. So we have to add half of the cell size to these variables. So let's go plus cell size over two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. And finally, so the layer that we're creating it to, which is just the instances layer, and then the type of objects, which is obj prop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we have made a crop at the right location, but now we have to alter its characteristics. Let's save its ID in a variable so that we can change some of its characteristics, and I'm just gonna make this a bit bigger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There we go. And so we're going to give the crop its characteristics. So we're going to go with our instance and we're going to set its crop type.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this will be whatever this is set to, and this is argument number two, because we go zero, one, two. So argument.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Two. And how many days old it is. Argument three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, the last thing it's gonna need is if you recall our crops, they have a growth stage duration that is defaulted to zero and we have to set that up for it as well. So we're gonna change growth stage duration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that is actually just saved in our crop type grid that we created quite a few episodes ago, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But remember, so we're with the instance right now, so we can't just access the crop type grid because it belongs to the crops object. So we can go, we can go either other or crops dot ds crops types and then


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we create the crop types, the grow stage duration is saved in the first column. So that's column number zero. So we'll give it zero and the Y column is going to be whatever. So it's whatever the crop type is. And we know what crop type it is because it's already been set up there. So we just go crop type.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and finally what we do have to do though, which is something that we do in the instance create crop grid is we have to add it to the instance grid. So let's just do that actually right here. Let's go DS crops instances and.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now we have to give it the grid x and y position that it's gonna be located at. And we know what that is because that was inputted to us here, so we can use this again. So we can go argument 0, argument 1, that's the x and y location.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're going to set that to equal the instance ID, just like we had before. And for fun, how about we also just show debug message, respond a, and then we're going to add whatever the type is so that it's going to say like, respond a tomato every time it's respawned something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, and to do that, let's add something to the crop types grid. So remember we have, we currently have two columns saving data, but let's also add a third one that saves just the name. And because of how we set it up previously, with our script being quite flexible, we should just be able to add all of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All right, so now the name should be in the third column. So let's come back to here and we should be able to just pull that out. So we're going to go DS crops types.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that third column, which is column two, because we're starting at zero. And now the Y row is just going to be the crop type, which we can get from here, argument two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And actually the very last thing we're going to do down here, we're just going to return the instance. And at the moment we're not using that, but.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We did that in our instance grid, so we'll do that again here. So that should be all we need, let's give that a test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's go ahead and plant some crops and I'll press G on those ones so we can get some different number of days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then we'll come back in. And so there you go, it's respawned the crops, but the problem is they are currently dirt pits. And that's because when we enter the room, there's nothing telling the crops to be at their current stage. But if you check the debugger, it should actually have been passed its variables correctly. And if I just press G one time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You see it's updated them to one more day because we actually had a little updater in when we're pressing the G button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we should also add this to whenever we're starting the room. So actually let's just grab all of this right here and let's add it to the room start. And we want to make sure actually that we're inside our if check here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's just put that in here for now. We could do it in the script, but I just want to keep them separate for if we change anything later, because we might want to do other stuff in here. So let's just tab this forwards like this, and that should be all we need. All right, let's run the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is making the crops persistent. We haven't actually saved their data externally at all. We haven't saved any actual parts of the game. If you quit and reload the game, nothing is saved there. So the next few things that we're going to be doing is the inventory and maybe some


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're going to be setting up a system that is managing the depth of our objects. So what's the do still, obviously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to thank everyone on Patreon who are supporting me to create these tutorials, with a special shoutout to 3dmonkeybiz and Uthelion. But that's it for today, I hope you guys are well, and I'll see you next time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last year, we were travelling across the Channel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She never thought of it again. But ten months later...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Both girls write to each other regularly now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, they have decided to use the post office. Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As fellow heroes, you can appreciate the gravity of our mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For we face a crisis of catastrophic proportions.


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[Assistant] In this demo, I'll be training Rufus not to doordash. Doordashing is when your dog bolts out of the door as soon as you open it. It can be dangerous, and it's actually one of the main reasons why dogs end up getting lost, injured, or even killed.


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[Assistant] It's also just plain and simple bad manners. The first step in the process here is to test if your dog is a door dasher.


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[Assistant] You simply do this by putting them on a 30 foot long lead and opening the door. If they run through the door right away, you've got a door dasher. Now, I'll show you how to stop this.


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[Assistant] Since I'm working with a large dog here, I'm using the thumb grip. This grip is gonna save me from some serious rope burn. Also, let the rest of the leash drag behind you just in case you lose your grip and need to step on it quickly to stop your dog.


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[Assistant] So here you see me opening the door about one or two inches and quickly shutting it.


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[Assistant] Be very careful not to hit your dog in the face with the door. Shut it before your dog gets there. It's basically a race between your dog and the door.


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[Assistant] Timing and speed are very important here. You always want to wait for your dog to calm down, back away, or even sit before you open the door again. Repeat these steps. Open, shut, wait. Good. Perfect. Nice. Good boy. Same thing.


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[Assistant] Goooood. Perfect. Nice. Same thing.


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[Assistant] Good. Perfect. Perfect. Perfecto.


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[Assistant] Repeat the process of open, shut, wait several times. Again, timing and speed are important here.


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[Assistant] Well by now your dog should be backing off or even lying down. But if not, just guide them back. Open the door three inches and shut it right away. Then repeat the process to five inches.


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[Assistant] Open the door wider and wider, and ultimately, all the way.


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[Assistant] Goooood. Perfect. Ohhh, don't even think about it.


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[Assistant] Good. Perfect. Good boy. Come on. Give me a reset.


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[Assistant] Good boy! Very good boy. That's a good boy. Okay. Okay. Same thing. Hold on. Hold on.


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[Assistant] Hold your horses. What happened to you? You were doing so well.


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[Assistant] Okay, you can see here I'm opening the door a little wider now because Rufus is doing a lot better at not door dashing. Goooood. Perfect. That's a good boy.


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[Assistant] Nice. More of that. That's what I want to see. That's what I want to see. Good. Good boy.


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[Assistant] There we go, loose leash, that J. Very important to point out. He's not being pulled back, he's doing it off technique only.


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[Assistant] Good, perfect. That's a good boy.


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[Assistant] Oh, look at you. Even better. Even better. That's what I wanna see. That's what I wanna see. Goooood. That's a good boy. You're a very good boy for that one. That was a very good boy. That was good. Okay. Okay.


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[Assistant] Uh, uh, uh, uh. Don't even think about it.


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[Assistant] If needed, you can always use a simple noise like ah, ah, no, or even stay to remind your dog not to move.


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[Assistant] The whole point of this is to teach them that the action of the door opening is just like giving the stay command.


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[Assistant] Gawd, nice! Beautiful. That was very good. That was a very good one. Good boy. Oh yes, good boy.


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[Assistant] Goooood. Perfect. That's what I like right there. That's what I like. Here, one more. Oh yes, good boy. That's what I like. That's exactly what I wanna see.


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[Assistant] Good. Nice. There you go. That was good. That was a very good boy.


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[Assistant] It's very important to remember here, just like in the stay lesson, you want to save your praise until you get right up to the dog.


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[Assistant] But you need to wait until you're close to them so they don't suddenly break their stay.


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[Assistant] Now that your dog understands to not walk through the door, they're ready for you to teach them when it's alright to do so.


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[Assistant] The next step is the okay command, which basically translates to you are now allowed to walk through the door. Okay. Okay.