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[Assistant] I had seen enough bites today. I did not want to see any more. Especially on me. This case had begun with bites. The tortoise was biting my flowers. Biting? Hmm. Perhaps that was a clue. But what could I do with it? I looked at Sludge.


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[Assistant] He was the only dog in the room who was not barking. He was sniffing.


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[Assistant] I thought about him sniffing the trail of tuna fish cupcake crumbs. A trail. Did that mean something?


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[Assistant] All at once, I, Nate the Great, knew that the tortoise and sludge had given me the clues I needed to solve this case.


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[Assistant] We rushed home. We went into the backyard. I pulled out my magnifying glass.


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[Assistant] We are looking for a trail, I said. A trail of bite marks on the flowers. I looked to the right.


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[Assistant] There were no bite marks. I looked to the left. I saw bite marks shaped like little u's on flower after flower.


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[Assistant] Follow those ewes, I said to Sludge. The tortoise ate his way to our house. So we will follow the trail of bites backward until we reach his house. Sludge and I crept through my garden.


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[Assistant] Past the U's, on the petunias, on the daisies, on this flower, and that flower. Then, the flowers stopped. So did Sludgeon Eye.


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[Assistant] The trail stops here, I said, and the cement walk starts. The tortoise


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[Assistant] Did not bite cement. We must go to the yard next door.


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[Assistant] Sludge and I rushed to the next yard. We saw flowers, and we saw yews. This is easy, I said. This trail leads straight to another yard.


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[Assistant] Sludge and I made our way to the next yard. Then we stopped.


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[Assistant] This is not easy, I said. This yard has no flowers. There are only weeds and grass. Are they on the tortoise's menu? Sludge and I peered down.


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[Assistant] We did not see any ewes, but we did see a trail of dirt where weeds had been, where grass had been.


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[Assistant] The trail zigzagged. Sludgeon eyes zigzagged. We zigzagged to the other side of the yard.


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[Assistant] The tortoise had munched and crunched his way from end to end. Then the trail stopped. More cement. On to the next yard, I said.


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[Assistant] The next yard was full of rocks, but I saw something bright on the ground.


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[Assistant] Was it part of a flower? I bent down to look.


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[Assistant] I, Nate the Great, have just solved a case I did not want to solve, and found a sock Claude will never want to wear.


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[Assistant] I picked up the sock and put it in my pocket.


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[Assistant] Rocks and a sock, I said. This yard is no help. The trail is cold.


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[Assistant] But, we will not give up. On to the next yard.


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[Assistant] The next yard was full of statues, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Five Flamingos, and Three Ducks.


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[Assistant] There was nothing alive or green or growing. The tortoise could not have eaten here.


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[Assistant] Snow White, the seven dwarfs, five flamingos, and three ducks cannot help us find the tortoises home. But I, Nate the Great, will never give up. Sludge wagged his tail. We went to the next yard. It was a mess. I saw pieces of flowers, pieces of weeds, pieces of grass. The yard had been bitten to death.


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[Assistant] I, Nate the Great, say that the tortoise must have eaten many meals in this yard.


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[Assistant] This must be his favorite restaurant. And suddenly, I knew why. I saw a fence with a sign on it. Beware of the tortoise.


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[Assistant] I opened the box I spoke to the tortoise.


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[Assistant] Welcome home, I said. The case is solved. I took the tortoise out of the box.


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[Assistant] Suddenly, a lady came from behind the fence. She ran toward us.


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[Assistant] Speedy, did you escape under the fence again? You are late for lunch.


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[Assistant] Lunch, I thought. This tortoise never stopped eating breakfast. I handed Speedy to the lady. Sludge's tail drooped.


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[Assistant] He was sorry to see Speedy go. So was I.


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[Assistant] Speedy was a flower wrecker, a very slow mover, and he had nothing to say. But, he was an okay tortoise.


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[Assistant] We will be back to visit, I said. If you are here, remember where you live.


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[Assistant] I reached into my pocket, I pulled out Claude's sock.


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[Assistant] I tied it to the top of a stick. I stuck the stick in the ground. A flag for you, Speedy!


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[Assistant] This land is yours. You ate it.


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[Assistant] Then Sludge and I and the empty box started home. Slowly. Very, very slowly.


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[Assistant] I think 22 is a metaphor for embracing the fact that you, you don't know anything in life. Everything is uncertain.


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[Assistant] It's time to get to work on my math homework.


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[Assistant] They like to tease him about They like to tease him about


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[Assistant] Tools and features that can be used to do this. There are tools for managing the patrol panes. And also the patrol windows.


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[Assistant] There's something in portrayal called a favorites pain. There's something in portrayal called a layouts pain. These are very important for keeping organized and especially for giving good meetings.


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[Assistant] And Studio GIS. These are two very cool features that allow you to add all types of, uhm,


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[Assistant] When you're playing a sold out show, it just kind of like helps you a little bit, but that was memories.


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[Assistant] Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa, has a problem with plastic.


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[Assistant] Every year, thousands of tons of plastic are left on the street.


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[Assistant] To help make his vision of creating a new look city, Kubik has invested in a state of the art factory.


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[Assistant] Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa, has a problem with plastic.


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[Assistant] Every year, thousands of tons of plastic are left on the street. A major problem seeking an urgent solution. That's where this man fits in.


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[Assistant] To help make his vision of creating a new look city, Kubik has invested in a state of the art factory.


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[Assistant] Alright, being up here in Detroit, Michigan, we're nestled between two of the Great Lakes, Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, both of which become frozen.


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[Assistant] You are not small. By Anna Kang Illustrated by Christopher Want


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[Assistant] You are small. They are just like me.


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[Assistant] We need your support, so please like the video. Yo, Poacher!


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[Assistant] I recently had an epiphany I realized that I could actually play a role


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[Assistant] Just to get to this point in my life where I could actually make this contribution to a bigger problem.


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[Assistant] In every experiment that I have done in my lab over the last 30 years,


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[Assistant] So who am I? I'm a plant geneticist. I live in a world where there's too much CO2 in the air atmosphere because of, uhm, of human activity. But I've come to appreciate


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[Assistant] The plants, as amazing machines that they are, whose job has been really to just suck up CO2, and they do it so well because they've been doing it for over 500 million years, and they're really good at it. And so,


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[Assistant] We said, so uhm, I also have some urgency I want to tell you about. As a mother, I want to give my two children a better world than I inherited from my parents. It would be nicer to keep it going in the right direction, not the bad direction. But I also uhm,


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[Assistant] Be part of this team. And I have an incredible team.


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[Assistant] Because we have fun, and if you're only gonna have five people and you're trying to save the planet, you better like each other because you're gonna be spending a lot of time together.


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[Assistant] Okay, alright. But enough about me. Let's talk about CO2. CO2 is the star of my talk.


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[Assistant] Now, most of you probably think of CO2 as a pollutant, or perhaps you think of CO2 as the villain in the novel, you know? It's always the dark side of CO2. But as a plant biologist, I look at, I see the other side of CO2, actually.


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[Assistant] And that CO2 that we see is something, we see it differently because


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[Assistant] I think we remember, as plant biologists, something you may have forgotten. And that is that plants are actually do, do this process called photosynthesis. And when they do photosynthesis and we're, we're all based, carbon based life on our earth is all because of the CO2 that plants and other photosynthetic microbes have dragged in from


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[Assistant] Uhm, CO2 that was in the atmosphere, and almost all of the carbon in your body came from air, basically. So you come from air, and it's because of photosynthesis, because what plants do is they use the energy in sunlight, take that CO2 and fix it into sugars.


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[Assistant] Is that plants have a great, plants and other photosynthetic microbes have a great capacity for doing this. 20 fold or more than the amount of CO2 that we put up.


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[Assistant] Because of our human activities. And so even though we're not doing a great job at cutting our emissions and things,


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[Assistant] The plants, plants have the capacity


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[Assistant] As photosynthetic organisms to help out, so we're hoping that's what they'll do. And so uhm, there's a catch here.


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[Assistant] We have to help the plants a little ourselves because what plants like to do is put most of the CO2 into sugars.


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[Assistant] And when the end of the growing season comes, the plant dies and decomposes, and then all that work they did to suck out the CO2 from the atmosphere to make carbon-based biomass is now basically going right back up in the atmosphere of CO2. So how can we get plants to redistribute it, redistribute the CO2 they bring in


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[Assistant] Into something that's a little more stable. And so it turns out that Twans make this product.


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[Assistant] And it's called Subarin. This is a natural product that are in all plant roots. And Subarin is really cool because as you can see there, I hope,


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[Assistant] Everywhere you see a black dot, that's the carbon, okay? And there's hundreds of them in this molecule, and where you see those few red dots, those are oxygens, and oxygen is what microbes like to find so they can decompose a plant. So you can see why this is the perfect carbon storage device, and it actually can stabilize


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[Assistant] To see the carbon that gets fixed by the plant into something that's a little bit better for the plant. And so,


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[Assistant] Why not, why is now a good time to do a biological solution to this problem? And it's because ...


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[Assistant] What the 1980s began, what began then is that we now know the function of many of the genes that are in a plant that tells the plant to grow. And that has now converged with the fact that we can do genomics in a faster and cheaper way than we ever did before. And what that tells us is that all life on earth is really related.


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[Assistant] But plants are more related than other life to each other than other organisms. And that you can take a trait that you know from one plant and put it in another plant


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[Assistant] And you can make a prediction that it'll do the same thing.


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[Assistant] And so that's important as well. And then finally, we have these little genetic tricks that came along like you heard about this morning. It's things like CRISPR that allows us to do editing and make genes be a little different from the normal state in the plant.


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[Assistant] Okay, so now we have biology on our side. I'm a biologist, so that's why I'm proposing a solution to the climate change problem that really involves the best evolved organism on earth to do it. Plants. So how are we gonna do it? So biology comes to the rescue. Here we go. Okay.


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[Assistant] So what, I think you have to remember three simple things from my talk, okay? That is, we have to get plants to make more suverine than they normally make, because we need them to be a little better than what they are. We have to get them


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[Assistant] To, uhm, make more roots, because if we make more roots, we can make more suberin, so that, so now we have more of the cells that suberin likes to accumulate in.


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[Assistant] And then the third thing is we want the plants to have deeper roots. And what that does is, we're actually, the plant actually, okay, make stable carbon more than you used to.


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[Assistant] And then bury it for us in the ground. So they can do that if they make roots that go deep rather than meander around on the surface of the soil. Those are the three traits we want to change.


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[Assistant] More superin, more roots, and the last one, deep roots. Then we want to combine all those traits in one plant, and we can do that easily, and we will do it, and we are doing it actually, in the model plant Arabidrophis.


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[Assistant] Which allows us to do these experiments much faster than we can do in another big plant. And when we find that we have plants that the traits all add up and we can get more of them,


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[Assistant] More super in those plants, we're gonna move it all, we can and we will, it's beginning to do this, move it to crop plants. And I'll tell you why we're picking crop plants to do this, to do the work for us. And when I get to that part of my talk.


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[Assistant] Okay, so I think this is the science behind the whole thing. And so I know we can do the science. I feel pretty confident about that. And the reason is because just in the last year, we've been able to find single genes that affect each of those three traits.


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[Assistant] And in many cases, in several of those cases, two out of the three, we have more than one way to get there. So that tells us we might be able to even combine within a trait and get even more super. And so,


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[Assistant] This shows one result where we have a plant here on the right that's making more than double the amount of root than the plant on the left. And that's just because of the way we express one gene that's normally in the plant in a slightly different way than we did, than plant usually does on its own.


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[Assistant] Alright, so that's just one example I wanted to show you. And now I want to tell you that, you know,


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[Assistant] We still have a lot of challenges, actually, when we get to this problem, because it takes a, uhm,


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[Assistant] So we have to get the farmers to actually buy the seeds, or at least the seed company to buy seeds that farmers are going to want to have. And so when we do the experiments, we can't actually, uhm,


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[Assistant] The Earth's population will be even more than it is right now, and it's rapidly growing still. So by the end of the century, we have 11 billion people, we have wasted ecosystems that aren't really going to be able to handle all the load that they have to take from agriculture. And then we also have this competition for land.


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[Assistant] And so we figure to do this carbon sequestration experiment actually requires a fair amount of, uhm, of land so we can't take it away from food because we have to feed the people that are also going to be on the earth until we get past this big crisis of


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[Assistant] And the climate change is actually causing loss of yield all over the earth. So why would farmers want to buy seeds at El Sol?


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[Assistant] This is your go or no go in that experiment. And then the second thing is, is when a plant actually makes more carbon and buries it in the soil like that, almost all the soils on earth are actually depleted of carbon because of the load from agriculture.


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[Assistant] Trying to feed 10 billion, 8 billion people, which is what lives on the earth right now. And so that is also a problem as well.


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[Assistant] Actually, hold nitrogen and they hold sulfur and they hold phosphate, all the animals that are required for plants to grow and have a good yield. And they also retain water in the soil as well.


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[Assistant] So the super room will break up into little particles and give the whole soil another, a new texture. And as we show that we can get more carbon in that soil, the soil will get darker. And so, we'll be able to measure all that and hopefully this is going to help us solve the problem. So, okay.


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[Assistant] So we have, we have challenges of a lot of land we need to use, we have to get farmers to buy it, and that's going to be the hard thing for us, I think.


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[Assistant] And it's here and it's bad and it's serious and we need to do something about it. But I feel pretty optimistic that we can do this. So I'm here today as a ...


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[Assistant] Her and Oakley hit it off pretty good from the beginning.


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[Assistant] So, I mean, before that, the reason the earth moves around the sun is not because the sun is pulling the earth as we think, but it's literally changed the shape of space so that we just sort of fall around the sun.


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[Assistant] And so this, that's, I guess, what's happening here, right? This is not an image, this is a computer simulation of what we always thought, like, the event horizon around a black hole.


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[Assistant] And so a few years ago, you embarked on this mission to try and actually image one of these things. And I guess you took ...


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[Assistant] Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson about money. We are going to talk about money this morning. This is always one of the most popular topics.


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[Assistant] When I teach an English lesson, anytime I talk about money or banking, borrowing money, lending money, uh, depositing money, withdrawing money.


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[Assistant] Any lesson I do on money is usually quite popular, so we'll see if this one is as popular as some of the other ones.


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[Assistant] Um, in this English lesson, I'll talk about things like allowances and piggy banks and spending money. Um, phrases and words that maybe you haven't heard before and maybe you have. So thank you for being here and welcome to this English lesson about money. So money.


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[Assistant] Money is the one thing in the world that everyone has in common.


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[Assistant] Every country has some sort of system where people buy things using some type of money. In Canada, we use the Canadian dollar. In Europe, they use the euro. Uhm, but we have, as a civilization, invented something called money. Before money, we would barter.


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[Assistant] Barter is when you exchange goods for other things. So a long time ago, maybe you would trade some milk to get some eggs. So there would be no money. You would just barter. And you would say, I will give you one pail of milk for a dozen eggs. And the other person might say, no, no, no.


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[Assistant] For one pail of milk, I will give you six eggs.


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[Assistant] Is actually an amazing invention. It replaces the barter system with, you know, bills and coins and digital currency that we can use to buy and sell things. So money is very, very cool. I think it's one of the neatest things that humans have invented.


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[Assistant] Currency, and I've, I've said this a little bit already, currency is the name for the type of money your country uses. Again, in Canada, we use our currency is the Canadian dollar. In Europe, it's the Euro. In the United States, it's the American dollar or the US dollar.


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[Assistant] So currency is just that formal name that we use to talk about the type of money that a country uses.


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[Assistant] And then I want to talk a little bit about bills, or what we sometimes call cash.


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[Assistant] As opposed to coins, which we call change. So bills are paper money. Actually, I have a five dollar bill here, a Canadian five dollar bill. It almost matches my shirt. Look, it almost disappears when I hold it right here. Uhm, I have a five dollar bill.


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[Assistant] I could say that I have some cash here, okay? So bills are the paper form of money. Maybe you want to see our twenty dollar bill. There's the queen.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I don't know all the people on our bills. Here's the $50 bill. Maybe I'll hold that a little higher.


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[Assistant] And then here, uh, just special for you, I went and got a hundred dollar bill. So this is a Canadian one hundred dollar bill. Uhm, did I hold up the ten dollar bill? Maybe I did. And then of course, you can't see it because it's camouflage, but here's the five dollar bill suddenly appearing from my shirt. So bills are the paper form of money.


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[Assistant] If our money looks familiar, it might be because I think Canada makes money, makes bills for other countries. I think we make New Zealand's money. I'm not 100% sure about that.


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[Assistant] And then coins. So, coins in Canada, we have, uhm, well we have nickels and dimes and quarters, very small denominations. We don't have pennies anymore. We don't use the penny. And then we have our one dollar coin, which is a loonie, and our two dollar coin, which is a toonie. And I actually have a bigger picture of those. So there's our loonie.


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[Assistant] It's called a loony because that bird on the coin is a loon.


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[Assistant] And we called this a tunie because it rhymed with loony. So loony is, a loony is worth one dollar.


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[Assistant] And we do actually call them that. We say, hey, I'm just gonna grab some loonies and toonies from the change cup because I'm going to go buy a coffee. So that's, we don't say, do you have any one dollar coins? We say, hey, do you have any loonies? Can I get a couple loonies from you?


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[Assistant] And there's something new in the world called cryptocurrency. Well, relatively new. The most common kind of cryptocurrency is called Bitcoin. Cryptocurrency is a type of currency that only exists


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[Assistant] It could be something we use. Some countries are starting to develop, uhm, national cryptocurrencies. I think China is developing one as well.


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[Assistant] So, savings is a word that we use to talk about anytime you put money somewhere.


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[Assistant] Okay, you might have a jar where you put money in and that's your savings. You might have an envelope in your house that you put money in, but most people will put their savings in a bank account because it's a little safer.


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[Assistant] Sometimes people, uh, jokingly say that they keep their savings under their mattress. That's not a good place to keep your savings.


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[Assistant] But, savings is an English word we use to talk about anytime you have money that you don't spend,


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[Assistant] That you keep somewhere safe because you're going to use it in the future. Maybe you're going to use it for retirement. Maybe you're going to use it to go on a big trip someday. Uhm, but you would keep your savings in a safe place.


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[Assistant] You might, if you were a child, keep your savings in a piggy bank. I don't know if this is common throughout the world, but children in Canada will often have a piggy bank, and when they get money as a gift from their grandparents or their parents, they might put it in the piggy bank. Uhm, spending money.


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[Assistant] So spending money is money meant to be spent.


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[Assistant] Probably the best example is that parents sometimes give their children spending money if they're going on a school trip or if they're going somewhere. So here's a good example, uhm, before covid our school had trips.


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[Assistant] And sometimes my kids would say, we're going on a trip, we're going to a museum. The teacher said I can bring some spending money because we can buy lunch or a souvenir.


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[Assistant] And so then as a dad, I would say, okay, here's $10 because I'm cheap. Or I might say, you know, here's $20 and I would give it to my


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, one of my kids and say, uhm, here's a little bit of spending money. Here's some money that you can spend when you go on your trip. Uhm, let's see here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An allowance. So an allowance is when parents give one of, give their kids money


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[Assistant] Every week or every month. And the kids don't have to do anything to get the money. They don't have to do any work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The parents simply say, we'll give you five dollars a week as an allowance. Uhm, we have never given our kids an allowance. We have always given our kids spending money whenever they needed money. We would give them some money if they needed to go on a trip at school or whatever, but we have never given our kids an allowance when our kids are old enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, they're allowed to work on the farm and we pay them. Uhm, but we have never just given our kids money, uh, for no reason. Our kids probably have friends who got an allowance. Our children never did get an allowance. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't get an allowance when I was a kid either, so I think fair is fair in that sense, isn't it?


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[Assistant] Uhm, let's talk about salary versus wages and then we'll do some questions.


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[Assistant] Generally in Canada, if you earn a salary, it means that the company you work for has decided to give you a certain amount of money per year.


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[Assistant] And they usually pay you every two weeks. Okay. So as a teacher, I have a salary. And so the school has said, we will pay you this much money to work for a year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then they give it to me in 24 equal payments. Okay.


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[Assistant] As opposed to wages. So wages are when you have a job where you are paid for each hour you work.


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[Assistant] So your wages might be $22 an hour. And these usually jobs like teaching, uhm,


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[Assistant] You know, if you're a doctor or nurse, you usually get a salary. But in Canada, if you are a construction worker or a bricklayer, you usually get paid an hourly wage. So that's a slight difference in how you can get money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, we're talking right now about how you get money, ways to get money. So you might have a job where you have a salary. You might have a job where you're paid an hourly wage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might just have winnings. Winnings are when you go to the casino, maybe you buy a lottery ticket, maybe you go to the races and you bet on horses or maybe even dogs in your country. I know when I was in Florida, they had dog races.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, if you win, you would call that winnings. So, you can make money at work, you get paid for work, but there's also other ways to get money, and one of those could be winnings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might inherit, you might inherit money. Uhm, so I think last week we talked about an inheritance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An inheritance is when you get money from someone older than you and your family who has passed away. Uhm, maybe your grandparents or even your parents. Uhm, when you inherit money, it means that you get money from usually a relative who has died.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have no money, you are broke, okay? So, when I was a university student, I was often broke. Often, my friends would say, hey, let's go out to a restaurant and I would say, I can't this week, I'm broke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't get paid till Friday. So when you are broke, you have no money left. No money at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a person legally doesn't have enough money to pay their bills or when a business can't pay their bills, they can go bankrupt. When you declare bankruptcy, it means that all of the people you owe money to, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's, it's when a business goes broke, okay? So during COVID, there were a lot of businesses that went bankrupt. There were a lot of businesses that uhm, where they closed their doors and they could no longer operate their business because they weren't making enough money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, yes, it's not nice when a person or a business goes bankrupt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, ways to pay for things. You can pay for things using a credit card. Uhm, two of the most common credit cards in the world are Visa and MasterCard. Uhm, you can see some examples there. A credit card, though, is actually like a loan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't actually have the money. You pay for it with the credit card and then later you need to pay your credit card bill. So earlier we had the question, should you buy things with a credit card or with money? My view is you should use money as much as you can.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A debit card or bank card is a card that when you pay with a debit card or bank card, your money goes directly from your bank account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, people still do. Usually older people will pay for their flowers with cash and younger people will pay using either, I don't have my phone here, either their phone or their bank card or debit card. That's a very common way for younger people to pay for stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rarely do I ever write checks anymore. A check is an old way to pay for things. It's where you write down the name of the business or person you're giving money to and you write it on the paper with the date and the amount and you put your signature on it and then it works like money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe one check a year, maybe two. I, I pay for everything now using, uh, either my bank card or online banking. I, I don't think I, I haven't used a check in months by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A budget. So a budget is when you sit down and you think about how much money you make per month


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you list all the money that you earn or that you make each month and you list all of your expenses. So on one side you might say, you know, pay from work X amount of dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and maybe you get a little bit of an allowance from your parents still and then on the other side you would put like rent for your apartment, heat, electricity, internet, uhm, food and you would kind of create


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, a, a list of your expenses and a list of your, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Income and then you can hopefully balance your budget.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The amount of money you earn is equal to the amount of money you spend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hopefully all of you have balanced budgets. It's bad when you spend more than you earn because you slowly go broke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you go to a bank or to a mall or a public place, they might have an ATM or what we also call a bank machine. An ATM is, it's short for automatic teller machine. Uhm, again, I use a bank machine a lot more than


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you take money out, we say that you are withdrawing money. So the action of going to a bank machine, putting your card in, punching in your code, and saying withdraw $100 and then


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bank machine would spit out, there's a nice phrase for you, spit out the money and you would take the money and then go do your shopping. So when you withdraw, you are taking money out of a bank machine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If someone has given you a lot of cash or a check, you might want to deposit it. That's when you put the money into the bank machine. It goes into the bank. It goes into your checking account or savings account. So when you withdraw, you're taking it out. When you deposit, you're putting it


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I didn't find really good pictures for this, so I'll try to explain this as best as possible. When you borrow money, it means you have no money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That you need to pay back later because you don't have money or have enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you lend money, it means you have lots of money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you need to ask someone and you get money from someone. When you lend money it means you have lots of money and you are giving money to someone. Hopefully that made sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the world, there are things that are expensive. So when you go to buy things at the store, there are things that are very, very expensive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are items that are very, very cheap. Uhm, and you have to decide whether you can afford the expensive item or whether you can't afford it. So let's go back. If you really want to buy a Lamborghini, you would need to decide if you have enough money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't have enough money you might need to buy a used


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I went to the grocery store, uhm, and they had really expensive bread because we have so many kids.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't want to buy expensive bread. I can't afford to buy expensive bread. I don't have enough money to regularly buy it. Okay. So you always need to, when you spend money, decide if you can afford something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we talked about borrowing and lending. So when you go to the bank and you apply for a loan, and if they approve your loan and they lend you money,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're borrowing money from the bank. The bank is lending you money. We call that alone. Alone is an agreement saying the bank will give you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's say every month for five years. It's a five year loan. Uhm, and you would sign a loan agreement. So again,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You need to apply for a loan. The bank will want to know that you have a job or that you run a successful business. And if they approve the loan, they will lend you money and you will need to sign a loan agreement and you will need to repay the loan over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A mortgage. So a mortgage is just a loan. There's nothing, uhm, different about a mortgage versus another loan but it is a loan specifically for buying a house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you want to buy a car, you get a car loan. If you want to buy a house, you go to the bank and you get a mortgage. Again, notice the pronunciation, mortgage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People when they're recently married or they've been married for three or four years, they might think, uhm, it's a good time to buy a house. They'll go to the bank and they'll apply for a mortgage. If the bank approves it, then they have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Borrowed money from the bank that they can use to go buy a house. So again a mortgage is a specific type of loan that you get from a bank to buy a house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna say $100,000. You can't buy a house for $100,000, but it makes the math easy. You might need to have $20,000 in your savings account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the bank will give you a mortgage for $80,000. And then because you have enough money for a down payment, uhm, you're able to qualify for that mortgage. So sometimes when you buy something, uh, or sorry, when you buy a house, you need to have a down payment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you have loans, you are in debt, okay? When you are in debt, it means that you owe somebody or the bank money, okay? So I currently have a mortgage on the farm. Jen and I make mortgage payments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and so that means that I have debt. Okay? In order to buy this farm, we went to the bank, we applied for a mortgage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think 15 years ago, I can't remember, the bank approved our mortgage and now we are in debt until we are finished paying our mortgage off. Okay? So debt is any time you, uh, owe somebody or the bank money, you are in debt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so describing how much money people have.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For, there's two extremes. You can either be rich or wealthy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or poor. So if you are rich or wealthy, you have a lot of money. Maybe you have fancy cars. Maybe you have lots of jewelry and you go on big vacations. This is not me. I am not rich or wealthy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, or you might be poor. When you're poor, maybe you don't have enough money for even the basic necessities. You have trouble even finding food every day. So Bob the Canadian is not rich, but Bob the Canadian is also not poor. I'm somewhere in the middle. I think most Canadians are somewhere in the middle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I do try, uh, to donate money to help people who are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just, I, I just feel like, especially in Canada because in the winter it's so cold, I think it's important to help people who are less fortunate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not everyone carries a wallet like this anymore, but a wallet is something you use to put your cards, your credit cards, and bank cards in as well as your cash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, maybe I'll put all of this cash in my wallet, uhm, and then go put it back in the bank later today. Cause we don't really use cash anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but a wallet can be like this. This is a man's wallet. Uh, women can also have a wallet, but it might look a little different. They might also call it, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, oh sorry, I'm not remembering the name because I don't have one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, yeaah, a purse is different than a wallet. Uhm, so a purse is kind of a bigger bag and inside of a purse, uhm, a woman might have a wallet as well. Like Jen and I both have wallets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and it's where we keep some, a little bit of money and our credit cards and bank cards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Payday. I should have put this earlier in the lesson, but uh, payday is the day when the place where you work gives you your paycheck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, uhm, my job, I have a salary and so I get paid, uhm, usually in the middle of the month and at the end of the month, every month. So 24 times a year I have payday. Some people have, every Friday is payday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It depends on where you work. I had a job once where uhm, I got paid every, every other Monday was payday. So it really just depends on the job that you were doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's talk a little bit about interest and interest rates. So when you borrow money from the bank, they are going to charge you interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That means that if you borrow $100,000, you have to pay back the $100,000, but you also have to pay back a little bit more than that in interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Usually banks do this by having an interest rate. So maybe your interest rate is 5% or 8% or 10%.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you, in simple math, if you borrowed $100,000, you would probably, at 5% interest, you would owe $5,000 in interest. Okay? So you would need to pay back $105,000.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now it's a lot more complex than that because there's daily interest and monthly interest. There's different ways of charging interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With simple math, if I lent you $100 and said I'm going to charge you 5% interest, you would need to pay back $105 in order to pay back the debt or the loan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hopefully that made sense. Little bit of financial, uh, calculations there from Bob the Canadian.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before this, our users needed to enter a password to open the door, then use their smartphone to check in and make purchases. Now they can just use their palm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're looking at a few key metrics. The unemployment rate, GDP growth, wages, the stock market. So you can compare those numbers to years past, you can compare them to other similar economies around the world. On both those fronts right now, the US is doing well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So looking back to 2022, right? There was a huge debate going on about Jerome Powell and the Federal Reserve's plan to raise interest rates to counteract inflation. The concern was that raising interest rates like they did could lead to widespread job losses and a possible recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fed said they were aiming for the so-called soft landing, where you raise interest rates just enough to slow inflation but avoid those massive job losses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happened? So far, the landing seemed like it was pretty soft. The inflation rate has been coming down and we haven't seen widespread job losses. But that is not to say that everything is good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're looking at a few key metrics. The unemployment rate, GDP growth, wages, the stock market. So you can compare those numbers to years past, you can compare them to other similar economies around the world. On both those fronts right now, the US is doing well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So looking back to 2022, right? There was a huge debate going on about Jerome Powell and the Federal Reserve's plan to raise interest rates to counteract inflation. The concern was that raising interest rates like they did could lead to widespread job losses and a possible recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fed said they were aiming for the so-called soft landing, where you raise interest rates just enough to slow inflation but avoid those massive job losses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happened? So far the landing seemed like it was pretty soft. The inflation rate has been coming down and we haven't seen widespread job losses. But that is not to say that everything is good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a piece that we found together all across the shelf. This piece I found in Florida at a Palm Beach.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She'd love to go to yard sales, tag sales, um, thrift shops, just anywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, where you could maybe get a bargain or find something old for a good price.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As I got close to it, I could see that it was glass and that it was blown glass and that it was just beautiful. We go to the register and the woman very, you know, she kind of just inspects it a little bit. She's like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] from Italy. He knew exactly who and what it was. And he said that is a Carlo Scarpa Penalate and they are extremely rare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like having a winning lottery ticket and not knowing the numbers. Cause I just picked up something I loved. I didn't pick it up thinking, oh this is gonna be a really expensive item. I just picked it up thinking, oh this is gonna be beautiful on my shelf, I love it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a piece that we found together. All across the shelf. This piece I found in Florida at a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Love to go to yard sales, tag sales, uhm, thrift shops, just anywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, where you could maybe get a bargain or find something old for a good price.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As I got close to it, I could see that it was glass and that it was blown glass and that it was just beautiful. We go to the register and the woman very, you know, she kind of just inspects it a little bit. She's like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] from Italy. He knew exactly who and what it was and he said that is a Carlo Scarpa Penalate and they are extremely rare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like having a winning lottery ticket and not knowing the numbers. Cause I just picked up something I loved. I didn't pick it up thinking, oh this is gonna be a really expensive item. I just picked it up thinking, oh this is gonna be beautiful on my shelf. I love it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This module shows how to build a simple workflow interactively if we want to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Display a surface and the points that created it in a 3D window. We make our 3D window active.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Click on the surface over here in the input pane. It appears. Come up, click on the well tops. If we want to make sure we display our top tarvert picks, we can click on those. They now appear out here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of what we want, come up and adjust the color table to make sure it goes from top to bottom. Seeing here on our histogram, we can check the colors, look at it for a couple of seconds, then turn off the display.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we want to do the same thing in a workflow, we can come to the home pane, insert group, object,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And click on New Workflow. The new workflow appears. It's called Workflow 1. Workflows are stored in the Workflows pane in the lower Petrel Explorer. Down here we can see Workflow 1. If we want to display a surface


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's use that as the name for our workflow. So we click on display a surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First thing we might want to do is clear the display. Same thing as clearing the display up here in the window toolbar. So under utilities, Patrel has


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Grouped together everything that has to do with visualization into one folder down here called Visualization and Plotting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So one of the things we can do is clear the displayed objects. Again, highlight what you want, click the right blue arrow. It comes over here to the right side where our workflow is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a big believer in putting a comment at the top of the workflow telling you what it's doing. So once again, highlight what we want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Move it over to the workflow area and we can say display.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anything that we put in the workflow now, for example an empty line, will go below the highlighted line assuming this radio button right here is checked. Here it would go above, here always at the bottom for the insertion point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If nothing is highlighted, Patrel puts it at the bottom, but again, you can use the arrows to move it wherever you want, or we also have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cut, copy and paste buttons down here where we can move things around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So after we clear our displayed objects, we might want to again space it out to be aesthetically pleasing. So we highlight the empty line, do copy, paste, and move it down to after the clear displayed objects. Now to display something,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's once again down here in this visualization and plotting and it's set visible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the command to put something in the active window. So highlight set visible. Use the button to move it over here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now it's got a blue arrow as to what we want to put over there. If what we want to display is this top Tarbert time surface, make sure it's highlighted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they have the yellow boxes here. Those are dependent on a higher one. So we also are going to have to turn on the well tops up here. So once again, those are set visible commands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make sure that we have the correct colors. We can adjust the color table by adjusting color table, putting it in after we have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So once again, back down here, we can highlight the surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Put that in saying we want to adjust the color table on the top tarbert surface. Now,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To turn them off, to uncheck the boxes, that's set invisible. So we can highlight set invisible, click it for each of our objects that we want to turn off. Once again, we can turn off the surface. We can turn off the pics under stratigraphy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And turn off the well tops and that will finish our workflow. Now if we just run it right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These things will be visible for just a split second before they're turned off. So we might want to pause a minute or we can also have it wait while we put up a window. So after I adjust the color table and before I turn things off, I'm going to highlight that line, put in one of these warnings. It comes over here and we can say click to continue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now this will bring up a window that says this click to continue and the graphics will stay up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Until we click and turn off the window and then everything will.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My workflow is now saved to my Petrel project under display of surface here. Run test to make sure it's okay. As you can see we have test okay and now when I run it, Petrel will display


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The surface, the pics, and our click to continue and it will keep it up there until I click this button. Now you can see over here


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the input pane, Patrell has actually put the checkmarks in the boxes just like you were doing it interactively so you can see what is displayed. So I will again click to continue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way things are displayed again is dependent on


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What it normally is, the settings of the object. So for example, if we want to change how the top tarboard is displayed,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can double click on Top Tarbert, get its settings up, go to style.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of having 25 as our grid increment, if we want to make them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very dense, we can say our contour line increment is going to be 10. Start at the same spot, click the okay button to set the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Settings, again, run our workflow, and now you can see we have very dense contours in here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the left side down below all the logs you have is one called borehole markers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Click the one that you want here. Again click on apply or okay on the settings and they appear on the menu. Now you notice right here


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can also color fill the zones in here on the well tops. So create a well section, whatever logs you want, put your well tops on there, then open up the template.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when then you hit the apply button, now you see the colors appear in here. So you can tell which one is which going between which welds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So customers really believe that the product just goes into the black hole or ends up being resold to another customer. In many instances, that's not the case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We sort, organize, process, and figure out methods to get them to the right home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'd be able to resell them at a profit because you'd be purchasing them at a real fraction of what the actual cost is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Products ending up in landfills, customers don't really even think of that as part of the purchase process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So customers really believe that the product just goes into the black hole or ends up being resold to another customer. In many instances, that's not the case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We sort, organize, process and figure out methods to get them to the right home. And that's, that's really what we do here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'd be able to resell them at a profit because you'd be purchasing them at a real fraction of what the actual cost is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you troll the salsa chef? I think you're being rude. And obnoxious. I speak my mind. That's the way I am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today you'll be cooking for a very discerning group of diners. You'll be cooking for each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Steven, uhm, I thought great delivery, you know, clearly you got into the spirit of it and, uh, Madame S loved it and she thought you were, you know, handsome and cute and all that stuff too. So, uhm, the champagne was too dry. Maybe something like the wine that was a little sweeter may have worked. I think the opposites of the two just, they didn't come together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know your weaknesses presentation, and this was your opportunity to step it up. Personally, I don't think you did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A top chef should never sell themselves out to a client. And you did just that. You should have let your food speak for itself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is one thing that we do in the restaurant business and that is make people happy. And I don't care how you do that, that's what you do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone was asked to come up with some sort of sexy costume, whether it been, you know...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Slick, cool, or something completely out there, raunchy, whatever the case may be. And uhm, Miguel, uh, he took it to the next level for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which means a big, big party, you know, with full of speeches and all of that. You could kind of go from one booth and have your oysters in the Finisterre booth, and then go have paella in the Catalan booth, and then, uh, you know, have goat's cheese in the Aldeix booth, et cetera, et cetera.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Weld sections can also be flattened, either on a datum or a weld top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bring up the settings for the well section window from the windows pane. Once that is up, go to the definition tab. Normally this top area up here will be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blank, except for right here where it will say this no synchronization. If you want to flatten on a well top, change this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] to flatten on well top by clicking on the black triangle here and choosing flatten on well top. Patrol will then put you in a blue arrow and a space over here. Highlight the well top you want to flatten on. Click the blue arrow to put it in here. Click the apply button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Any well that does not have a nest one pick will not be affected by this. You can also flatten on depth. Again, click the black triangle here and under the top of this red oval is flatten on depth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you do that, it changes to a value and then what the depth is going to be. So here we're flattening on 1900 SSTVD.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this was your opportunity to step it up. Personally, I don't think you did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's going on? Cereal, cereal crusted monkfish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The kids like the fish that both teams made, so it really comes down to the side dishes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is one thing that we do in the restaurant business and that is make people happy. And I don't care how you do that, that's what you do.


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[Assistant] Laurent, uh, wasn't really pleased with the octopus dish.


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[Assistant] Brian, you said that David was the self-appointed leader. When I walked in there, nobody was designated a leader. You were really great at engaging your customers with your personality.


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[Assistant] Harold, you took the high road and you took responsibility a little too late. You knew the carrots were overcooked, but you did nothing to prevent them from being served.


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[Assistant] You picked yourself to be eliminated to pay for that mistake, and we've considered your offer. Tiffany, I'll give you one piece of advice. Your immunity saved you from going home tonight.


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[Assistant] In the future, you need to show more respect for your clients even if they are kids.


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[Assistant] That play didn't could have been a lot tighter. The relish I already know I would not like on there.


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[Assistant] I like the trio aspect. I think it's very creative to come up with all those things that kinda go together. Thanks.


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[Assistant] I thought there were three good, three bad, and three mediocre.


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[Assistant] I agree with Tom as well on that. I mean, we started out in Oaxaca with Banana Leaves and Masa. And then I started hearing about Yuzu and Shisu. It just really threw me off.


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[Assistant] She's someone that I've come to love in this brief time, in this crazy environment that we're in. And uh, yeaah, I'll never forget Cynthia.


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[Assistant] Unfortunately, I would have, if I've got to throw someone on the bus, it would have to be Brian.


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[Assistant] We did try to function as a team and give group input and he...


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[Assistant] My team stood behind me and said Dave wasn't the leader. Brian.


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[Assistant] We live in a very colorful world. When you look around you, you see things like green leaves on the trees. You see things like the yellow sun or the blue sky.


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[Assistant] But this lesson is not going to be a lesson about


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[Assistant] The basic colors. This isn't a lesson where I'm going to teach you the word for, uh, red and yellow and blue and green. I'm expecting that you know all of those things already.


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[Assistant] This is a little bit more of an advanced lesson and you'll see in a minute what I mean by that. This lesson on color, uh, will be a lesson where you will learn some English words and phrases.


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[Assistant] Uh, to be able to talk about color in a more advanced way because we live in a colorful world. We have made up a lot of words and phrases that we could use to talk about color. So let's get this lesson started.


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[Assistant] So when you talk about color, you're actually talking about light. So color is made either by something that emits light, like the sun emits light,


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[Assistant] Uh, or something that reflects light, or refracts light. Reflecting light is when the light hits something and bounces off.


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[Assistant] My understanding is that refracting is when light goes through something and the direction of the light can change. So I don't know a lot about light. Uhm, this isn't a, a scientific lesson on color.


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[Assistant] But what I will say is that uhm, there is a spectrum, a visible spectrum of colors, a visible or what we also call an optical spectrum. You'll notice it goes from violet


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[Assistant] And the light that produces them. By the way, if you go past violet, you get into ultraviolet and if you go past red, you get into infrared.


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[Assistant] So there you go. The visible spectrum of light is what gives us the colors that we can see.


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[Assistant] You'll probably be familiar with a rainbow. A rainbow is a phenomenon, a natural phenomenon whereby light is broken up


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[Assistant] White light is broken up into its different wavelengths and then we see those colors. A rainbow is a very cool thing to see. It happens when light goes through raindrops and that light is then broken up and you can see each individual color in the rainbow.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there is a little bit of a, uhm, a myth around rainbows that there is a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. That if you could get to the end of the rainbow where it touches the ground, you would see all those beautiful colors and then there would be a pot of gold there.


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[Assistant] But it's kind of impossible because the closer you get to a rainbow, the more those that rainbow of colors moves away from you. You can't actually get to the end of the rainbow.


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[Assistant] We have something called a prism, which is something made out of glass or other clear material. And what a prism does is when light goes into a prism, it does the same thing as what the raindrop is doing. The light refracts and it separates into its individual colors.


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[Assistant] Or scientifically, it's wavelengths. So you'll see here there is a prism, uh, very famous rock band made an album that had this on the cover, if you can guess in the chat.


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[Assistant] I'll give you a cookie. No, sorry. There's no, there's no prize for guessing that one, but a prism is a really cool, um, like a, uh, an object made out of glass or acrylic or another transparent material in the shape of a triangle. When light goes through, it breaks up into its individual colors or individual wavelengths. We have something called a color palette.


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[Assistant] So a color palette can mean a couple of different things.


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[Assistant] The most common use is in the world of design. If you decided you wanted a webpage mate,


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[Assistant] You would go to a design company and they would say, what's your color palette? And you would tell them what colors you normally use when you design things. You'll notice on my YouTube channel, I use white and orange and black. So my color palette is very, very limited.


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[Assistant] If you look at a Google logo though, you'll see that they use almost all the colors in the rainbow. So they have a very broad.


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[Assistant] So when you design something, like a webpage, you can even use a color palette to design a room in a house. You might paint one wall one color.


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[Assistant] And another wall, a different color. And you might buy curtains that are another color and all of the colors work together. So you choose a color palette where the colors look really, really cool together.


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[Assistant] I see Stacy in the chat saying it's Pink Floyd. There we go.


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[Assistant] There's something called a color wheel as well. A color wheel is something used in design to help choose colors. The color wheel has colors in the same order as the visible spectrum.


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[Assistant] And it allows you to choose colors that are close to each other on the color wheel or opposite each other depending on how you're trying to design something.


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[Assistant] So if I wanted to design something with, you know, two different shades of purple, I could use violet and red violet. If I wanted a couple different shades of orange, I could use red orange and orange. So you'll see here, the color wheel shows you two different kinds of colors, warm colors, and


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[Assistant] I should pause and let you know one thing. You'll notice that I spell color with the letter U, but in some situations, you will see it without the U. In Canada, we spell color with the letter U. In the United States, they spell color with no U.


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[Assistant] Canadians tend to use both versions of it. The most correct version for us has a U in it. But we, when we see color without a U, it doesn't bother us too much. Unless I'm grading a student paper, then I put a little red X there and mark it as a spelling mistake. We also have something called a paint swatch.


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[Assistant] When you are deciding to paint a room in your house, maybe you don't like the current color. You painted it


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[Assistant] Uhm, versions or variations of different colors. So you would take that home and maybe hold it up to the wall and then decide on which color from the paint swatch you think would work the best.


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[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes though, when you pick a color from the paint swatch, and then when you actually paint the whole room in that color, it can look a little bit different because that's just the nature of light and color. Sometimes a color from a paint swatch, uh, when you put it on the whole wall, it looks just a little bit different.


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[Assistant] So we have uhm, two different ways to describe colors. We have primary colors.


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[Assistant] So generally, uhm, the primary colors are considered to be red, yellow, and blue. Now that has changed a little bit because of computers. You'll hear terms like RGB monitor, which stands for red, green, blue.


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[Assistant] But I think that's because the technology limited their ability to create yellow. So generally,


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[Assistant] The primary colors are considered to be red, yellow, and blue. And what do you think happens when you mix primary colors?


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[Assistant] You get secondary colors. So you'll see the same drawing here where the red and yellow mixed together, you get orange.


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[Assistant] Where the red and blue mix together, you get purple. And where the blue and yellow mix together, you get green. I hope I said that all right. If not, you can see the chart beside me. Uh, and you can see how, uh, primary colors when mixed together will make secondary colors.


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[Assistant] So someone might paint the wall in their house white, but it might have a tinge of blue in it. It might have a hint of blue in it. It might have a touch of blue in it. Someone might buy a white t-shirt and then after they wash it with other clothes like a brand new pair of blue jeans,


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[Assistant] It might end up having a tinge of blue or a hint of blue in it because the dye from the jeans went into the t-shirt. So a tinge or hint or touch is when you talk about usually the color white, but when you can see a little bit of another color.


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[Assistant] By the way, I'm going to talk about black and white as colors. There's a big argument in the world whether black is a color or just the complete absence of color or whether white is a color or if it's just all the colors mixed together. I call black and white colors at least for this English lesson I'm going to.


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[Assistant] So you can describe colors in a lot of different ways. You can say that uhm, oh that person wears a lot of dark colors or he usually buys cars that are a dark color.


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[Assistant] A dark color would be any of these kinds of colors. Colors like a dark blue or a dark gray or a dark brown. So when you add the word dark, you mean, you know, kind of this somber,


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[Assistant] I guess is what I wanted to say. They're not black, but they're certainly not very


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[Assistant] Okay, so you can have a dark red or a dark green. Uhm, when I buy a van, I usually get a normal red, but I could buy a dark red van if I wanted to. So that would be red that's a little less red with a little more black in it. Hopefully that made sense. We also have bright colors. Some people like to dress in dark colors.


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[Assistant] Some people like to dress in bright colors. They buy things that are maybe neon or things that are reflective or things where the colors themselves are just very very bright. You can see the orange and the yellow and the green and the blue in here. They're just giving off lots of color. It's very very bright. It's the opposite of dark.


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[Assistant] Okay, these are definitely not dark colors here. These are definitely bright colors. We also have the word vibrant.


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[Assistant] When something is vibrant, it means it has a mix of colors and it's very similar to bright. You could almost use these words interchangeably, like he always wears very vibrant colors, lots of bright blue and bright yellow and bright pink. So I'm actually using the word bright to talk about vibrant, but definitely, uhm,


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[Assistant] Sometimes people dress in different ways, and some people like wearing very bright or vibrant colors, and some people prefer dark colors.


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[Assistant] We also would call these muted tones. Okay, when some, when you mute the sound, you can't hear it. You can also use that word to talk about these colors. You could say they're muted tones.


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[Assistant] And some people, uh, like dull colors or sometimes if you look here at night,


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[Assistant] As the sun goes down, it becomes harder to see the colors around you. And we would say that there's very dull colors. You can see here these buildings are kind of a brown, a little bit of gray. Uhm, there's just nothing popping out. So we would certainly describe that as uhm, there are a lot of dull colors. Like, oh,


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[Assistant] That part of town's not very nice. All the buildings are painted with really dull colors. They're just, just not interesting.


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[Assistant] So we have the word colorful. So this parrot is colorful. Uhm, when someone dresses in a colorful way or when I do a lesson like this, this is a very colorful lesson. It means you're going to see a lot of different colors, okay? Uhm, a lot of people right now are decorating


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[Assistant] Outside of their houses for Christmas and they put up a lot of lights and it's a very colorful display of lights. There's definitely uhm,


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[Assistant] Probably in about two weeks there will be more, but if you drive around right now, uh, it's a very colourful trip around the neighbourhood. There are a lot of Christmas lights. A lot of colourful Christmas lights.


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[Assistant] So, there are a lot of different ways to make things colorful. Uhm, paint is probably the most common.


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[Assistant] I'm not sure when paint was invented, but if you don't like the color of a room, you can paint it. If you don't like the color of your car, you can paint it. So paint works as a verb and as a noun.


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[Assistant] I'm going to buy paint because I want to paint my car. So there I used it as a noun. I'm going to buy paint.


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[Assistant] Because I want to paint my car. In order to paint you need things like paint and you need a paintbrush and other things, but certainly, uhm, painting is one of the quickest ways


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[Assistant] And cheapest ways to make something look good again. If you have a room in your house and you don't like the way it looks, the cheapest and best thing you could do is to put on a fresh coat of paint.


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[Assistant] So a fresh coat of paint is a phrase, uh, that we use to talk about painting something. You might walk into a room and say, wow, this room needs a fresh coat of paint. If it's been like 20 years since the room's been painted, maybe the paint is flaking off the wall and the colors have become kind of dull.


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[Assistant] So I'm using the word dull there. You might say, hey, we should pick out a bright color because this room needs a fresh coat of paint. We need to liven it up a bit with a fresh coat of paint.


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[Assistant] And then there's also something called matching colors. So people sometimes just wear clothes that are colorful, but sometimes they wear clothes where they've specifically chosen the colors so that they match. In Canada in the winter, people very often will have a scarf


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[Assistant] Sometimes that color is black. Remember I said I was gonna say black is a color. So I myself actually have a gray winter hat and I have gray winter gloves. I actually bought new ones. They say Canada on them. I should wear them someday.


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[Assistant] But it is very common for people, not just in countries where there's winter, but it's very common for people, uh, to buy clothing where the colors match.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and uh, definitely in winter in Canada, you will see a lot of people walking around wearing things that match, where the colors match.


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[Assistant] Sometimes, in order to organize things, you will color code things. When something is color coded, it means that you've chosen different colors to mean different things.


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[Assistant] Most of you, I think, would have done this when you were students or maybe you're doing it now as a student. Maybe you have a binder with papers in it.


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[Assistant] And you have a divider and red means science class and green means French class or English class and yellow means, uh, science class. We as human beings love to organize and one of the best ways to organize is to color code things. My sister actually works


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[Assistant] And they keep all of everyone's health records and they are color coded. So when they look at the wall, they can see, I think blue is people age 65 and older and then green is people from age 50 to 64. So they have everything color coded.


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[Assistant] So that very quickly they can see and pick out what they need to do.


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[Assistant] You can see here this binder, it has marketing, promotion, sales, territories, goals. So this is for a business. And in each of those color-coded sections, you would put that information. And the colors just help you very quickly see it. Or find it, sorry.


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[Assistant] Everyone usually has a favorite color. Maybe I shouldn't say everyone has a favorite color. Most people have a favorite color. My favorite color is orange, which might seem strange because I wear blue a lot.


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[Assistant] But if I was to, if someone said, Bob, what's your favorite color? I would say my favorite color is orange. My favorite color has been orange for a very very long time. Uhm, I picked the color orange when I was in grade school. Uhm, when people were saying what their favorite color was, no one was saying orange, so I picked orange.


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[Assistant] It's not because my parents came from Holland. By the way, orange is the color of most sports teams from Holland or from the Netherlands but uh definitely my favorite color is orange. You should be ready to answer this question as an English learner.


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[Assistant] There are going to be times where you'll have a conversation, you'll be practicing your English and someone will say, what's your favorite color? What's your favorite season? What's your favorite food? What's your favorite kind of music? So what is your favorite color? You should be ready to answer that and give a reason why.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there's something called watercolors. So when you, uhm, are someone who likes to paint,


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[Assistant] Someone who likes to get a paintbrush and a canvas and use paint in order to paint. Sometimes you paint using watercolors. Let me make this bigger.


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[Assistant] Watercolors usually have a softer look to them. So it's paint that you mix with water and then you paint on your canvas. So a lot of times kids will do watercolor painting when they're learning how to paint in school because it's one of the easiest kinds


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[Assistant] of paint to use. The colors are not quite as bright as you might want them, but it's very easy to clean up when you are done.


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[Assistant] We also have something called food coloring. Uhm, food coloring is something that you use to give food color.


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[Assistant] Sometimes food will naturally have a color. If you eat spinach, uh, it is green. If you eat watermelon, it is pink.


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[Assistant] But sometimes in the cooking or baking process, they will add food coloring when you buy a cereal at the grocery store. It might have some food coloring in it to make it look a certain color. I'm not a big fan of food coloring.


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[Assistant] I would rather just eat my food, uh, when it's its normal color, but humans like certain colors and so they have started to use food coloring or they started to use food coloring many years ago to give food different colors.


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[Assistant] And there's something in the world called dyes. Dyes are different things you can use.


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[Assistant] Dyes are made from all kinds of different things. Sometimes there's a natural source for the dye. Sometimes they've just found a chemical that will dye something a certain color. But when you have a white t-shirt


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[Assistant] Probably the most common type of dye is or dyeing is called tie dyeing where you tie the t-shirt in knots and then you dye different parts of it different colors and then when you, uh,


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[Assistant] Untangle the t-shirt. It looks really cool. That was very popular in the early 70s or in the 1970s. People would tie-dye their shirts.


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[Assistant] When something doesn't have color, we say that it's colorless. Water is colorless. It does not really have a color. You can see right through water. Uhm, so when something has a lot of color, it's colorful.


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[Assistant] When something is a specific color, you say it is that color. My tractor is green. My van is red.


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[Assistant] But when something has no color, you say it's colorless. You would say, uhm, air I guess is colorless. You can't actually see it. Water is colorless. So when something has no color, when there's the complete absence of color, we would say that it is colorless.


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[Assistant] Black and white. So when you take pictures, you can take pictures in color or you can take pictures in black and white. Uhm, so generally when I take pictures, I take pictures in color. I like color photographs. Uhm, uh, black and white is when you take a picture and the only two colors present


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[Assistant] So you can see it adds this really cool look to it. A long time ago, when you watched television or went to a movie, the movie or a TV show was in black and white because they hadn't invented color yet.


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[Assistant] I used to have a black and white television when I was a kid.


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[Assistant] There was colour television available, but a black and white television was cheaper, and so my parents bought me a black and white television.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I was happy when I eventually got a color television. Uhm, so black and white would be any photograph or TV show where there is no color. That's how you would describe it.


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[Assistant] We have colors too that we call pastels. Right now in the flower world, people really like colors that we would call pastels. A pastel color is not very bright. It almost looks a bit like


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[Assistant] It's a little washed out. So right now, people really like pastels like very light blues and light greens and light yellows and light pinks and light purples where there's just a little bit. It's more than a tinge.


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[Assistant] Okay, so if you look at these blue shoes, there's more than just a hint of blue.


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[Assistant] But there's not a lot of blue in it. They're kind of, it's a mixture of blue and white. So pastels, very interesting. When I eat, uhm, what are they called, macarons? They're usually all different colors that are, I would say are pastel colors.


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[Assistant] We also have something called infrared. Uh, infrared is outside of the visible spectrum. It's outside of the optical spectrum.


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[Assistant] We have something too where some people are colorblind. I am a tiny bit colorblind in the sense that


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[Assistant] Black and dark blue look very similar to me. I can't really tell the difference between navy blue or dark blue and black.


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[Assistant] When we're doing design work, I will realize that a student is colorblind because when I see what they're making,


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[Assistant] The colors don't really match up, and you can, then usually I say, oh, uhm, are you a little bit colorblind? You won't lose points, uh, in my class designing something if you are a little bit colorblind.


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[Assistant] We have something called paint by number. Let me make this a bit bigger.


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[Assistant] Sometimes people are really good at painting and then there's people like me that aren't. If I wanted to paint, I could buy something called paint by number and what that means is that there are different spots on the canvas and there will be a number there and if it says number eleven,


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[Assistant] I can check a chart and it says eleven, uhm, you know, dark green. And then I know that in that box I have to paint dark green. So it's something that kids do.


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[Assistant] Uh, more than adults, but definitely paint by number is something I remember doing as a kid. It was a lot of fun. Uhm, it's a great way to do some painting if you're not good at painting. So the number tells you what color to use.


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[Assistant] Also when I was a kid, I had something called a coloring book. I had many coloring books actually. And I would take my colored pencils or pencil crayons


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[Assistant] Or crayons and I would color. I would color in the little boxes using Brent's phrasal verb there.


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[Assistant] So when you color in the different spots, eventually you're done that page in the coloring book. There are now coloring books for older people. It can be very relaxing. I think this is actually an adult coloring book. A coloring book where, uhm, it's a little more intricate and more difficult than a children's book.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but definitely, uh, when I was a kid, most of my coloring books were like Batman or Superman and those types of characters.


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[Assistant] Different companies announce the color of the year. So every year there's a new color announced and that's the color of the year.


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[Assistant] People use the color of the year to decide how to paint rooms in a house or a new building. They use it to decide what color flowers they want at a wedding. Sometimes people just ignore the color of the year. But this year, uhm, I think this is from Pantone. The color of the year for 2022, for the year coming up is


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[Assistant] October Mist. It's not a very bright color. It's quite, it's a very dull color. Uhm, I'm not super excited for this. Uhm, I think that this might be a nice color, uh, to paint an office if you're painting an office wall. It's not a nice color for wedding flowers, but that is, uh, the color of the year for 2022. We'll see what that means for flowers.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there is a phrase, one phrase I did think of with the word color in it, and it's the phrase to pass with flying colors.


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[Assistant] When you take a test and if you get 97 out of 100 or 100 out of 100, we might say that you passed with flying colors. You didn't just succeed, you did really, really well on the test. So we would say that you passed with flying colors.


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[Assistant] And we had this question a couple of times, uh, people were asking about eye color. Everyone has, uhm, there's quite a variety of eye colors in the world. As I said, my eyes are kind of a blue-green. Uh, Jen's eyes are a little more green. Uhm, one of my kids has brown eyes. One of my kids has the same color eyes as me.


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[Assistant] There are many, many different colors, uh, of eye in the world, uhm, and we refer to that as eye color. So a lot of times,


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[Assistant] Like if you, uhm, are, when you go for your driver's license in Canada, uh, you have to specify what your eye color is when you fill out the application so that they can, uhm, identify you if they need to. So I always write blue. I don't write blue green.


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[Assistant] But maybe I should. Anyways, eye color is the term you use to refer to the color of your eyes.


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[Assistant] I'm more so happy about who I am as a person now. I think I can finally be comfortable with being Candace.


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[Assistant] How can landscapes imbue memory, right? When we think about this notion of pluribus unum, out of many, one. It's a pretty strange concept, right?


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[Assistant] To a single clean set of identities. As an educator, designer, I'd like to share with you five simple concepts that I've developed through my work. And I'd like to share with you five projects.


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[Assistant] And lastly, this is not just an American motto anymore. I think eploribus unum is global. We're in this thing together. First,


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[Assistant] The world of community gardens, most of you have probably seen a community garden. They're all about subsistence and food, right?


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[Assistant] I'll tell you a little story, what happened in New York more than a decade ago. They tried to sell all of their community gardens.


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[Assistant] And Bette Midler developed a non-profit, the New York Restoration Project. They literally brought all the gardens and decided to save them. And then they had another novel idea. Let's bring in world-class designers.


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[Assistant] And let them go out into communities and make these beautiful gardens. And maybe they might not just be about food. And so they called me and I designed one in Jamaica, Queens.


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[Assistant] And on the way to designing this garden, I went to the New York Restoration Project office, and I noticed a familiar name on the door downstairs.


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[Assistant] And the rest of them formed this collaboration and they built this garden in Jamaica, Queens. And it turned out Curtis 50 sent grew up in Jamaica.


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[Assistant] It's a place, it was a story in the Times about six months ago, where this young woman found solace.


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[Assistant] And I would say for brown people, women, all of us who have had to navigate the world through the eyes of others,


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[Assistant] We should now share that strength to the rest of those who've had the privilege to be singular.


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[Assistant] We're beginning to share these stories at the University of Virginia, the Academical Village by Thomas Jefferson.


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[Assistant] As the university was expanding to the south, they found a site that was the house of Kitty Foster.


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[Assistant] So the two-ness of this landscape, both black and white, I decided to do a piece based on shadows and light.


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[Assistant] And through that, we were able to develop a shadowcatcher that would talk about this two-ness in a different way. So when the light came down, there would be this ride to heaven. When there's no light, it's silent. And in the landscape of Thomas Jefferson, it's a strange thing. It look doesn't, it's not made of brick.


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[Assistant] Where the resolution, there's an ambiguity between things because that ambiguity allows us to have a conversation. When things are clear and defined, we forget.


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[Assistant] And I've heard that a couple of times in this conference, that this notion of caring, right? Twenty-five years ago, when I was a young pup, very optimistic,


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[Assistant] We wanted to design a park in downtown Oakland, California for the homeless people.


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[Assistant] And we said, homeless people can be in the same space as people who wear suits. And everyone's like, that's never gonna work. People are not gonna eat lunch with the homeless people. We built a park.


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[Assistant] Cost 1.1 million dollars. We wanted a bathroom.


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[Assistant] We wanted horseshoes, barbecue pits, smokers, picnic tables, shelter and all of that. We had the design, we went to the then mayor, said, Mr. Mayor,


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[Assistant] And to show you that there are still people out there with empathy. The Oakland Raiders' Bruce Urban fries fish every Friday afternoon for anyone who wants it.


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[Assistant] And by going to that park, that park became the vehicle for him.


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[Assistant] And then new people come in where the traditional gets valued. Little quick story here.