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[Assistant] The stout gentleman half rose from his chair and gave a bob of greeting with a quick little questioning glance from his small, fat, encircled eyes.


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[Assistant] Try the settee," said Holmes, relapsing into his armchair, and putting his finger-tips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods.


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[Assistant] I know, my dear Watson, that you share my love of all that is bizarre and outside the conventions and humdrum routine of everyday life.


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[Assistant] You have shown your relish for it by the enthusiasm which has prompted you to chronicle, and, if you will excuse my saying so, somewhat to embellish so many of my own little adventures.


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[Assistant] Your cases have indeed been one of the greatest interest to me, I observed.


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[Assistant] You will remember that I remarked the other day, just before we went into the very simple problem presented by Miss Mary Sutherland, that for strange effects and extraordinary combinations we must go to life itself, which is always far more daring than any effort of the imagination. A proposition which I took the liberty of doubting. You did, Doctor.


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[Assistant] But none the less you must come round to my view, for otherwise I shall keep on piling fact upon fact on you, until your reason breaks down under them and acknowledges me to be right.


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[Assistant] Now, Mr. Jabez Wilson here has been good enough to call upon me this morning, and to begin a narrative which promises to be one of the most singular which I have listened to for some time.


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[Assistant] You have heard me remark that the strangest and most unique things are very often connected not with the larger, but with the smaller crimes


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[Assistant] And occasionally, indeed, where there is room for doubt whether any positive crime has been committed.


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[Assistant] As far as I have heard, it is impossible for me to say whether the present case is an instance of crime or not.


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[Assistant] But the course of events is certainly among the most singular that I have ever listened to.


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[Assistant] Perhaps, Mr. Wilson, you would have the great kindness to recommence your narrative.


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[Assistant] I ask you not merely because my friend Dr. Watson has not heard the opening part, but also because the peculiar nature of the story makes me anxious to have every possible detail from your lips.


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[Assistant] As a rule, when I have heard some slight indication of the course of events, I am able to guide myself by the thousands of other similar cases which occur to my memory.


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[Assistant] In the present instance I am forced to admit that the facts are, to the best of my belief,


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[Assistant] The portly client puffed out his chest with an appearance of some little pride, and pulled a dirty and wrinkled newspaper from the inside pocket of his greatcoat.


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[Assistant] As he glanced down the advertisement column, with his head thrust forward and the paper flattened out upon his knee,


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[Assistant] I took a good look at the man and endeavoured, after the fashion of my companion, to read the indications which might be presented by his dress or appearance.


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[Assistant] I did not gain very much however by my inspection.


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[Assistant] Our visitor bore every mark of being an average, commonplace British tradesman, obese, pompous, and slow.


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[Assistant] He wore rather baggy grey shepherd's check trousers, a not over clean black frock coat, unbuttoned in the front, and a drab waistcoat with a heavy brassy Albert chain, and a square pierced bit of metal dangling down as an ornament.


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[Assistant] A frayed top hat and a faded brown overcoat with a wrinkled velvet collar lay upon a chair beside him. All together, look as I would,


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[Assistant] There was nothing remarkable about the man save his blazing red head and the expression of extreme chagrin and discontent upon his features.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes' quick eye took in my occupation, and he shook his head with a smile as he noticed my questioning glances.


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[Assistant] Beyond the obvious facts that he has at some time done manual labour, that he takes snuff, that he is a Freemason, that he has been in China, and that he has done a considerable amount of writing lately, I can deduce nothing else.


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[Assistant] Mr. Jabez Wilson started up in his chair with his forefinger upon the paper, but his eyes upon my companion.


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[Assistant] Well, in the name of good fortune, did you know all that, Mr. Holmes? he asked.


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[Assistant] How did you know, for example, that I did manual labour? It's as true as gospel, for I began as a ship's carpenter.


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[Assistant] Your hands, my dear sir. Your right hand is quite a size larger than your left. You have worked with it, and the muscles are more developed. Well, the snuff, then, and the Freemasonry.


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[Assistant] I won't insult your intelligence by telling you how I read that, especially as rather against the strict rules of your order you use an arc and compass breast-pin.


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[Assistant] What else can be indicated by that right cuff, so very shiny for five inches, and the left one with the smooth patch near the elbow, where you rest it upon the desk?


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[Assistant] The fish that you have tattooed immediately above your right wrist could only have been done in China. I have made a small study of tattoo marks, and have even contributed to the literature of the subject.


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[Assistant] That trick of staining the fish's scales of a delicate pink is quite peculiar to China.


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[Assistant] When, in addition, I see a Chinese coin hanging from your watch-chain, the matter becomes even more simple." Mr. Jabez Wilson laughed heavily.


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[Assistant] Ha, ha, well I never," said he. I thought at first that you had done something clever, but I see that there was nothing in it after all. I began to think Watson, said Holmes.


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[Assistant] He answered with his thick red finger, planted half way down the column.


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[Assistant] On account of the bequest of the late Ezekiah Hopkins of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, USA, there is now another vacancy open which entitles a member of the League to a salary of £4 a week for purely nominal services.


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[Assistant] All redheaded men, who are sound in body and mind, and above the age of twenty-one years, are eligible.


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[Assistant] Apply in person on Monday at eleven o'clock to Duncan Ross at the offices of the League, Seven Popes Court, Fleet Street.


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[Assistant] What on earth does this mean? I ejaculated, after I had twice read over the extraordinary announcement.


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[Assistant] Holmes chuckled and wriggled in his chair, as was his habit when in high spirits. "'It is a little off the beaten track, isn't it?' said he. "'And now, Mr. Wilson, off you go at scratch and tell us all about yourself, your household, and the effect which this advertisement had upon your fortunes.'


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[Assistant] You will first make a note, Doctor, of the paper and the date.


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[Assistant] It is the Morning Chronicle of April 27, 1990. Just two months ago. Very good. Now, Mr Wilson?


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[Assistant] It's not a very large affair, and of late years it has not done more than just give me a living.


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[Assistant] I used to be able to keep two assistants, but now I only keep one. And I would have a job to pay him, but that he is willing to come for half wages so as to learn the business.


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[Assistant] What is the name of this obliging youth? asked Sherlock Holmes.


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[Assistant] His name is Vincent Spalding, and he's not such a youth either. It's hard to say his age. I should not wish a smarter assistant, Mr. Holmes, and I know very well that he could better himself and earn twice what I'm able to give him.


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[Assistant] But after all, if he is satisfied, why should I put ideas in his head?


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[Assistant] Why indeed. You seem most fortunate in having an employee who comes under the full market price. It is not a common experience among employers in this age.


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[Assistant] I don't know that your assistant is not as remarkable as your advertisement.


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[Assistant] Oh, he has his faults too, said Mr. Wilson. Never was such a fellow for photography.


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[Assistant] Snapping away with a camera when he ought to be improving his mind, and then diving down into the cellar like a rabbit into its hole to develop his pictures. That is his main fault.


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[Assistant] But on the whole, he's a good worker. There's no vice in him. He is still with you, I presume.


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[Assistant] Yes, sir. He and a girl of fourteen who does a bit of simple cooking and keeps the place clean. That's all I have in the house. For I am a widower. I never had any family.


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[Assistant] We live very quietly, sir, the three of us, and we keep a roof over our heads and pay our debts if we do nothing more. The first thing that put us out was that advertisement


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[Assistant] Spalding, he came down into the office just this day, eight weeks, with this very paper in his hand, and he says,


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[Assistant] Why, says he, here's another vacancy on the league of the red-headed men. It's worth quite a little fortune to any man who gets it, and I understand that there are more vacancies than there are men, so that the trustees are at their wits' end what to do with the money.


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[Assistant] If my hair would only change colour, there's a nice little crib all ready for me to step into. Why, what is it then? I asked.


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[Assistant] You see, Mr. Holmes, I'm very stay-at-home man, and as my business came to me instead of my having to go to it, I was often weeks on end without putting my foot over the doormat.


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[Assistant] In that way I didn't know much of what was going on outside, and I was always glad of a bit of news.


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[Assistant] Have you never heard of the League of the Red-Headed Men?" he asked with his eyes open.


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[Assistant] Why, I wonder at that, for you are eligible yourself for one of the vacancies. And what are they worth? I asked.


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[Assistant] Oh, merely a couple of hundred a year, but the work is slight, and it need not interfere very much with one's other occupations.


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[Assistant] Well, you can easily think that that made me prick up my ears, for the business has not been over good for some years, and an extra couple of hundred would have been very handy. Tell me all about it," said I.


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[Assistant] Well, said he, showing me the advertisement.


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[Assistant] You can see for yourself that the League has a vacancy, and there is the address where you should apply for particulars.


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[Assistant] As far as I can make out, the League was founded by an American millionaire, Ezekiah Hopkins, who was very peculiar in his ways. He was himself redheaded, and he had a great sympathy for all redheaded men.


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[Assistant] So when he died it was found that he had left his enormous fortune in the hands of trustees, with instructions to apply the interest to the providing of easy births to men whose hair is of that colour.


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[Assistant] From all I hear it is splendid pay and very little to do. But, said I, there'd be millions of redheaded men who could apply.


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[Assistant] Not so many as you might think, he answered.


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[Assistant] You see, it is really confined to Londoners and to grown men.


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[Assistant] This American had started from London when he was young, and he wanted to do the old town a good turn.


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[Assistant] Then again, I have heard it is no use your applying if your hair is light red, or dark red, or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red.


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[Assistant] Now, if you care to apply, Mr. Wilson, you would just walk in, but perhaps it would hardly be worth your while to put yourself out of the way for the sake of a few hundred pounds.


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[Assistant] Now, it is a fact, gentlemen, as you may see for yourselves, that my hair is of a very full and rich tint, so that it seemed to me that if there was to be any competition in the matter I stood as good a chance as any man that I had ever met. Vincent Spalding seemed to know so much about it that I thought he might prove useful.


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[Assistant] So I just ordered him to put up the shutters for the day, and to come right away with me.


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[Assistant] He was very willing to have a holiday, so we shut the business up and started off for the address that was given us in the advertisement.


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[Assistant] I never hoped to see such a sight as that again, Mr. Holmes.


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[Assistant] From north, south, east, and west, every man who had a shade of red in his hair had tramped into the city to answer the advertisement.


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[Assistant] And Pope's Court looked like a Custer's Orange Barrow. I should not have thought there were so many in the whole country as were brought together by that single advertisement.


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[Assistant] But as Spaulding said, there were not many who had the real vivid flame-coloured tint. When I saw how many were waiting, I would have given it up in despair, but Spaulding would not hear of it. How he did it I could not imagine.


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[Assistant] But he pushed and pulled and butted until he got me through the crowd and right up to the steps which led to the office.


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[Assistant] There was a double stream upon the stair, some going up in hope, and some coming back dejected.


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[Assistant] But we wedged in as well as we could, and soon found ourselves in the office.


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[Assistant] Your experience has been a most entertaining one," remarked Holmes as his client paused and refreshed his memory with a huge pinch of snuff.


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[Assistant] There was nothing in the office but a couple of wooden chairs and a deal table, behind which sat a small man with a head that was even redder than mine.


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[Assistant] He said a few words to each candidate as he came up.


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[Assistant] And then he always managed to find some fault in them which would disqualify them.


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[Assistant] When our turn came, the little man was much more favourable to me than to any of the others, and he closed the door as we entered, so that he might have a private word with us. "'This is Mr. Jabez Wilson,' said my assistant, and he is willing to fill in a vacancy in the League.


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[Assistant] And he is admirably suited for it, the other answered.


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[Assistant] He has every requirement. I cannot recall when I have seen anything so fine.


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[Assistant] You will, however, I am sure. Excuse me for taking an obvious precaution.


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[Assistant] With that he seized my hair in both his hands and tugged until I yelled with the pain.


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[Assistant] There is water in your eyes," said he as he released me. I perceive that all is as it should be.


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[Assistant] But we have to be careful, for we have twice been deceived by wigs and once by paint.


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[Assistant] I could tell you tales of cobbler's wax, which would disgust you with human nature.


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[Assistant] He stepped over to the window and shouted through it at the top of his voice that the vacancy was filled.


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[Assistant] Is Mr. Duncan Ross, and I am myself, one of the pensioners upon the fund left by our noble benefactor? Are you a married man, Mr. Wilson? Have you a family?" I answered that I had not. His face fell immediately.


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[Assistant] Dear me, he said gravely, that is very serious indeed. I am sorry to hear you say that.


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[Assistant] The fund was, of course, for the propagation and spread of the redheads, as well as for their maintenance.


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[Assistant] It is exceedingly unfortunate that you should be a bachelor.


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[Assistant] My face lengthened at this, Mr. Holmes, for I thought that I was not to have the vacancy after all.


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[Assistant] The objection might be fatal, but we must stretch a point in favour of a man with such a head of hair as yours.


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[Assistant] When shall you be able to enter upon your new duties?


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[Assistant] Now, a pawnbroker's business is mostly done of an evening, Mr. Holmes, especially Thursday and Friday evening, which is just before payday, so it would suit me very well to earn a little in the mornings.


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[Assistant] Besides, I knew that my assistant was a good man and that he would see to anything that turned up.


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[Assistant] Well, you have to be in the office or at least in the building the whole time.


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[Assistant] If you leave, you forfeit your whole position forever.


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[Assistant] The will is very clear upon that point. You don't comply with the conditions if you budge from the office during that time.


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[Assistant] It's only four hours a day, and I should not think of leaving, said I. No excuse will avail, said Mr. Duncan Ross.


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[Assistant] Neither sickness nor business nor anything else. There you must stay, or you lose your billet.


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[Assistant] It is to copy out the Encyclopedia Britannica. There is the first volume of it in that press.


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[Assistant] You must find your own ink, pens and blotting paper, but we provide this table and chair. Will you be ready tomorrow? Certainly, I answered.


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[Assistant] Then good-bye, Mr. Jabez Wilson, and let me congratulate you once more on the important position which you have been fortunate enough to gain.


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[Assistant] He bowed me out of the room and I went home with my assistant, hardly knowing what to say or do.


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[Assistant] I was so pleased at my own good fortune.


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[Assistant] Well, I thought over the matter all day, and by evening I was in low spirits again.


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[Assistant] For I had quite persuaded myself that the whole affair must be some great hoax or fraud, though what its object might be I could not imagine.


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[Assistant] It seemed altogether a past belief that anyone could make such a will, or that they should pay such a sum for doing anything so simple as copying out the Encyclopedia Britannica.


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[Assistant] Vincent Spalding did what he could do to cheer me up.


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[Assistant] In the morning I determined to have a look at it anyhow, so I bought a penny bottle of ink, and with a quill pen and seven sheets of fool's cap paper I started off the Pope's court.


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[Assistant] To my surprise and delight, everything was as right as possible.


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[Assistant] The table was set out ready for me, and Mr. Duncan Ross was there to see that I got fairly to work.


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[Assistant] He started me off upon the letter A, and then he left me.


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[Assistant] But he would drop in from time to time to see that all was right with me.


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[Assistant] At two o'clock he bade me good day, complimented me upon the amount that I had written, and locked the door of the office after me.


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[Assistant] This went on day after day, Mr. Holmes, and on Saturday the manager came in and planked down four gold sovereigns for my week's work. It was the same next week, and the same the week after. Every morning I was there at ten, and every afternoon I left at two.


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[Assistant] By degrees, Mr. Duncan Ross took to coming in only once of a morning, and then, after a time, he did not come in at all.


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[Assistant] Still, of course, I never dared to leave the room for an instant, for I was not sure when he might come.


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[Assistant] And the billet was such a good one and suited me so well that I would not risk the loss of it.


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[Assistant] Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about abbots, and archery, and armour, and architecture, and Attica.


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[Assistant] And hoped with diligence that I might get on to the bees before very long. It cost me something in fool's cap,


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[Assistant] And I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings, and then suddenly the whole business came to an end. To an end? Yes, sir, and no later than this morning.


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[Assistant] I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock.


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[Assistant] But the door was shut and locked with a little square of cardboard hammered onto the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and you can read for yourself.


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[Assistant] He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper. It read in this fashion.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes and I surveyed this curt announcement, and the rueful face behind it, until the comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every other consideration that we both burst out into a roar of laughter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I cannot see that there is anything very funny," cried our client, flushing up to the roots of his flaming head.


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[Assistant] No, no!" cried Holmes, shoving him back into the chair from which he had half risen. I really wouldn't miss your case for the world. It is most refreshingly unusual, but there is, if you will excuse me saying so, something just a little funny about it.


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[Assistant] And I call that the office is round, but none of them seem to know anything about it.


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[Assistant] Finally I went to the landlord, who is an accountant living on the ground floor.


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[Assistant] And I asked him if he could tell me what had become of the redheaded league.


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[Assistant] He said that he had never heard of any such body.


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[Assistant] His name was William Morris. He was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new premises were ready. He moved out yesterday. Where could I find him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, at his new offices. He did tell me the address. Yes, 17 King Edward Street, near St. Paul's.


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[Assistant] I started off, Mr. Holmes, but when I got to that address it was a manufacturing of artificial kneecaps.


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[Assistant] I went home to Saxe-Coburg Square and I took the advice of my assistant, but he could not help me in any way.


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[Assistant] He could only say that if I waited, I should hear by post.


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[Assistant] But that was not quite good enough, Mr. Holmes. I did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle.


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[Assistant] So as I had heard that you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came right away to you.


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[Assistant] And you did very wisely, said Holmes. Your case is an exceedingly remarkable one, and I shall be happy to look into it.


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[Assistant] From what you have told me, I think that it is possible that graver issues hang from it than might at first sight appear."


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[Assistant] Why, I have lost four pound a week.


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[Assistant] As far as you are personally concerned, remarked Holmes, I do not see that you have any grievance against this extraordinary league.


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[Assistant] On the contrary, you are as I understand richer by some thirty pounds, to say nothing of the minute knowledge which you have gained on every subject which comes under the letter A. You have lost nothing by them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And who they are, and what their object was in playing this prank, if it was a prank, upon me.


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[Assistant] It was a pretty expensive joke for them, for it cost them two and thirty pounds. We shall endeavour to clear up these points for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And first, one or two questions, Mr Wilson.


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[Assistant] This assistant of yours who first called your attention to the advertisement, how long had he been with you? Oh, about a month then. How did he come? In answer to an advertisement. Was he the only applicant? No, I had a dozen. Why did you pick him? Because he was handy and would come cheap. At half wages, in fact?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has a white splash of acid upon his forehead.


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[Assistant] He told me that a gypsy had done it for him when he was a lad.


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[Assistant] Hmm," said Holmes, sinking back in deep thought. "'He is still with you?' "'Oh, yes, sir. I have only just left him.'


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[Assistant] And has your business been attended to in your absence? Nothing to complain of, sir. There's never very much to do of a morning. That will do, Mr. Wilson.


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[Assistant] I shall be happy to give you an opinion upon the subject in the course of a day or two.


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[Assistant] Today is Saturday and I hope that by Monday we may come to a conclusion.


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[Assistant] Well, Watson," said Holmes, when our visitor had left us, what do you make of it all? I make nothing of it, I answered frankly. It is a most mysterious business.


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[Assistant] As a rule, said Holmes, the more bizarre a thing is, the less mysterious it proves to be.


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[Assistant] It is your commonplace, featureless crimes which are really puzzling, just as a commonplace face is the most difficult to identify. But I must be prompt over this matter. What are you going to do, then? I asked. To smoke, he answered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is quite a three-pipe problem and I beg that you won't speak to me for fifty minutes.


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[Assistant] He curled himself up in his chair with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose.


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[Assistant] And there he sat, with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out like the bill of some strange bird.


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[Assistant] I had come to the conclusion that he had dropped asleep, and indeed was nodding myself, when he suddenly sprang out of his chair with the gesture of a man who had made up his mind and put his pipe down upon the mantelpiece.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sarasate plays at the St. James's Hall this afternoon," he remarked. What do you think, Watson? Could your patience spare you for a few hours?


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[Assistant] I have nothing to do today. My practice is never very absorbing.


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[Assistant] Then put on your hat and come. I am going through the city first, and we can have some lunch on the way.


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[Assistant] I observe that there is a good deal of German music on the programme, which is rather more to my taste than Italian or French.


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[Assistant] It is introspective, and I want to introspect. Come along.


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[Assistant] We travelled by the underground as far as Aldersgate, and a short walk took us to the Saxe-Coburg Square.


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[Assistant] The scene of the singular story which we had listened to in the


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[Assistant] It was a pokey little shabby genteel place where four lines of dingy two-storied brick houses looked out into a small railed-in enclosure, where a lawn of weedy grass and a few clumps of faded laurel bushes made a hard fight against a smoke-laden and uncongenial atmosphere.


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[Assistant] Three gilt balls and a brown board with J. Bears Wilson in white letters upon a corner house announced a place where our red-headed client carried on his business.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes stopped in front of it with his head on one side and looked it all over with his eyes shining brightly between puckered lids.


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[Assistant] And he walked slowly up the street, and then down again to the corner, still looking keenly at the houses.


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[Assistant] Finally he returned to the pawnbrokers, and having thumped vigorously upon the pavement with his stick two or three times, he went up to the door and knocked.


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[Assistant] It was instantly opened by a bright looking, clean shaven young fellow who asked him to step in.


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[Assistant] Thank you, said Holmes. I only wish to ask you how you would go from here to the Strand.


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[Assistant] Third right and fourth left answered the assistant promptly, closing the door.


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[Assistant] Smart fellow that," observed Holmes as we walked away. He is, in my judgment, the fourth smartest man in London, and for daring I am not sure that he is not acclaimed to be third. I have known something of him before. Evidently, said I,


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[Assistant] Mr. Wilson's assistant counts for a good deal in the mystery of the red-headed league. I'm sure that you inquired your way merely in order that you might see him. Not him. What, then? The knees of his trousers. And what did you see? What I expected to see. Why, did you beat the pavement?


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[Assistant] My dear doctor, this is a time for observation, not for talk. We are spies in an enemy's country. We know something of Saxe-Cobo Square. Let us now explore the parts which lie behind it.


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[Assistant] The road in which we found ourselves as we turned round the corner from the retired Saxe-Coburg Square presented as great a contrast to it as the front of a picture does to the back.


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[Assistant] It was one of the main arteries which conveyed the traffic of the city to the north and west.


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[Assistant] The roadway was blocked with the immense stream of commerce flowing in a double tide inward and outward, while the footpaths were black with the hurrying swarm of pedestrians.


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[Assistant] It was difficult to realise, as we looked at the line of fine shops and stately business premises, that they really abutted on the other side upon the faded and stagnant square which we had just quitted.


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[Assistant] It is a hobby of mine to have an exact knowledge of London.


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[Assistant] There is Mortimer's, the tobacconist, the little newspaper shop,


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[Assistant] And now doctor, we've done our work, so it's time we had some play.


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[Assistant] A sandwich and a cup of coffee, and then off to violin land, where all is sweetness and delicacy and harmony, and there are no red-headed clients to vex us with their conundrums.


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[Assistant] My friend was an enthusiastic musician, being himself not only a very capable performer, but a composer of no ordinary merit.


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[Assistant] All the afternoon he sat in the stalls, wrapped in the most perfect happiness.


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[Assistant] Gently waving his long thin fingers in time to the music, while his gently smiling face and his languid dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound, Holmes the relentless, keen-witted, ready-handed criminal agent, as it was possible to conceive.


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[Assistant] In his singular character, the dual nature alternately asserted itself, and his extreme exactness and astuteness represented, as I have often thought, the reaction against the poetic and contemplative mood which occasionally predominated in him.


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[Assistant] The swing of his nature took him from extreme languor to devouring energy.


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[Assistant] And as I knew well, he was never so truly formidable as when, for days on end, he had been lounging in his armchair amid his improvisations and his black-letter editions.


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[Assistant] Then it was that the lust of the chase would suddenly come upon him, and that his brilliant reasoning power would rise to the level of intuition until those who were unacquainted with his methods would look askance at him as on a man whose knowledge was not that of other mortals.


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[Assistant] When I saw him that afternoon so enwrapped in the music at St. James's Hall, I felt that an evil time might be coming upon those whom he had set himself to hunt down.


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[Assistant] You want to go home, no doubt, Doctor," he remarked as we emerged. Yes, it would be as well.


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[Assistant] And I have some business to do which will take some hours. This business at Coburg Square is serious. Why serious? A considerable crime is in contemplation.


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[Assistant] I have every reason to believe that we shall be in time to stop it.


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[Assistant] But today being Saturday rather complicates matters. I shall want your help tonight. At what time? Ten will be early enough. I shall be at Baker Street at ten.


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[Assistant] Very well. And I say, Doctor, there may be some little danger, so kindly put your army revolver in your pocket.


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[Assistant] He waved his hand, turned on his heel and disappeared in an instant among the crowd.


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[Assistant] I trust that I am not more dense than my neighbours, but I was always oppressed with a sense of my own stupidity in my dealings with Sherlock Holmes.


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[Assistant] Here I had heard what he had heard. I had seen what he had seen.


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[Assistant] And yet from his words it was evident that he saw clearly not only what had happened, but what was about to happen, while to me the whole business was still confused and grotesque.


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[Assistant] As I drove home to my house in Kensington, I thought over it all from the extraordinary story of the redheaded copier of the encyclopaedia, down to the visit to Saxe-Coburg Square, and the ominous words with which he had parted from me. What was this nocturnal expedition, and why should I go armed? Where were we going, and what were we to do?


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[Assistant] I had the hint from Holmes that this smooth-faced pawnbroker's assistant was a formidable man—a man who might play a deep game.


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[Assistant] I tried to puzzle it out, but gave it up in despair, and set the matter aside until night should bring an explanation.


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[Assistant] It was a quarter past nine when I started from home and made my way across the park and so through Oxford Street to Baker Street.


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[Assistant] Two handsoms were standing at the door, and as I entered the passage I heard the sound of voices from above.


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[Assistant] On entering his room I found Holmes in an animated conversation with two men.


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[Assistant] One of whom I recognised as Peter Jones, the official police agent, while the other was a long, thin, sad-faced man with a very shiny hat and oppressively respectable frockcoat.


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[Assistant] Our party is complete," said Holmes, buttoning up his pea jacket and taking his heavy hunting-crop from the rack.


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[Assistant] Watson, I think you know Mr Jones of Scotland Yard. Let me introduce you to Mr Merriweather, who is to be our companion in tonight's adventure.


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[Assistant] We are hunting in couples again, Doctor, you see," said Jones in his consequential way. Our friend here is a wonderful man for starting a chase. All he wants is an old dog to help him to do the running down.


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[Assistant] I hope a wild goose may not prove to be the end of our chase," observed Mr. Merryweather gloomily.


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[Assistant] You may place considerable confidence in Mr. Holmes, sir," said the police agent loftily. He has his own little methods, which are, if you won't mind my saying so, just a little too theoretical and fantastic, but he has the makings of a detective in him.


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[Assistant] It is not too much to say that once or twice, as in that business of the Sholto murder and the Agra treasure, he has been more nearly correct than the official force.


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[Assistant] Oh, if you say so, Mr. Jones. It is all right," said the stranger with deference. Still, I confess that I miss my rubber. It is the first Saturday night for seven and twenty years that I have not had my rubber.


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[Assistant] I think you'll find, said Sherlock Holmes, that you will play for a higher stake to-night than you have ever done yet, and that the play will be more exciting.


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[Assistant] For you, Mr. Merriweather, the stake will be some thirty thousand pounds, and for you, Jones, it will be the man upon whom you wish to lay your hands.


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[Assistant] John Clay, the murderer, thief, smasher and forger.


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[Assistant] He's a young man, Mr. Merriweather, but he is at the head of his profession, and I would rather have my bracelets on him than any criminal in London.


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[Assistant] He's a remarkable man, is young John Clay. His grandfather was a royal duke, and he himself has been to Eton and Oxford.


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[Assistant] His brain is as cunning as his fingers, and though we might meet signs of him at every turn, we never know where to find the man himself. He'll crack a crib in Scotland one week, and be raising money to build an orphanage in Cornwall the next.


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[Assistant] I've been on his track for years and I've never set eyes on him yet.


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[Assistant] I hope that I might have the pleasure of introducing you tonight.


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[Assistant] I've had one or two little turns also with Mr. John Clay, and I agree with you that he is at the head of his profession. It is past ten, however, and quite time that we start it. If you two will take the first handsome, Watson and I will follow in the second.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes was not very communicative during the long drive, and lay back in the cab humming the tunes which he had heard in the afternoon.


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[Assistant] We rattle through an endless labyrinth of gaslit streets until we emerged into Farrington Street.


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[Assistant] This fellow Merryweather is a bank director, and personally interested in the matter.


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[Assistant] I thought it as well to have Jones with us also. He's not a bad fellow, though an absolute imbecile in his profession. He has one positive virtue. He's as brave as a bulldog, and as tenacious as a lobster, if he gets his claws upon anyone. Here we are, and they are waiting for us.


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[Assistant] We had reached the same crowded thoroughfare in which we had found ourselves in the morning. Our cabs were dismissed, and following the guidance of Mr. Merriweather we passed down a narrow passage and through a side door which he opened for us.


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[Assistant] Within there was a small corridor which ended in a very massive iron gate.


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[Assistant] This also was opened, and led down a flight of winding stone steps, which terminated at another formidable gate.


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[Assistant] Mr. Merriweather stopped to light a lantern, and then conducted us down a dark, earth-smelling passage, and so, after opening a third door into a huge vault or cellar, which was piled all round with crates and massive boxes,


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[Assistant] You are not very vulnerable from above," Holmes remarked as he held up the lantern and gazed about him.


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[Assistant] Nor from below," said Mr. Merryweather, striking his stick upon the flags which lined the floor.


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[Assistant] Why, dear me, it sounds quite hollow, he remarked, looking up in surprise.


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[Assistant] Might I beg that you would have the goodness to sit down upon one of these boxes, and not to interfere?


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[Assistant] The solemn Mr. Merriweather perched himself upon a crate, with a very injured expression upon his face, while Holmes fell upon his knees upon the floor, and with a lantern and a magnifying lens began to examine minutely the cracks between the stones.


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[Assistant] A few seconds suffice to satisfy him, for he sprang to his feet again and put his glass in his pocket.


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[Assistant] We have at least an hour before us," he remarked, for they can hardly take any steps until a good pawnbroker is safely in bed.


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[Assistant] Then they will not lose a minute, for the sooner they do their work, the longer time they will have for their escape.


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[Assistant] We are at present, Doctor, as no doubt you have divined, in the cellar of the city branch of one of the principal London banks. Mr. Merryweather is the Chairman of Directors.


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[Assistant] And he will explain to you that there are reasons why the more daring criminals of London should take a considerable interest in this seller at present.


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[Assistant] It is our French gold," whispered the director. We have had several warnings that an attempt might be made upon it. Your French gold?


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[Assistant] Yes, we had occasion some months ago to strengthen our resources, and borrowed for that purpose thirty thousand Napoleons from the Bank of France.


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[Assistant] It has become known that we have never had occasion to unpack the money, and that it is still lying in our cellar.


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[Assistant] The crate upon which I sit contains two thousand Napoleons packed between layers of lead foil.


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[Assistant] Our reserve of bullion is much larger at present, and is usually kept in a single branch office, and the directors have had misgivings upon the subject.


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[Assistant] Which were very well justified, observed Holmes, and now it is time that we arranged our little plans.


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[Assistant] I expect that within an hour matters will come to a head.


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[Assistant] In the meantime, Mr Merriweather, we must put that screen over that dark lantern.


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[Assistant] And sit in the dark? I'm afraid so. I had brought a pack of cards in my pocket, and I thought that as we were parti carré you might have your rubber after all.


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[Assistant] But I see that the enemy's preparations have gone so far that we cannot risk the presence of a light.


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[Assistant] And first of all, we must choose our positions.


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[Assistant] These are daring men, and though we shall take them at a disadvantage, they may do us some harm unless we are careful.


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[Assistant] I shall stand behind this crate, and do you conceal yourselves behind those. Then, when I flash a light upon them, close in swiftly. If they fire, Watson, have no compunction about shooting them down.


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[Assistant] I placed my revolver, cocked, upon the top of the wooden case behind which I crouched. Holmes shot the slide across the front of his lantern and left us in pitch darkness.


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[Assistant] Such an absolute darkness as I had never before experienced.


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[Assistant] The smell of hot metal remained to assure us that the light was still there, ready to flash out at a moment's notice. To me, with my nerves worked up to a pitch of expectancy, there was something depressing and subduing in the sudden gloom, and in the cold, dank air of the vault.


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[Assistant] They have but one retreat," whispered Holmes, that is back through the house into Saxe-Coburg Square. I hope that you have done what I asked you, Jones.


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[Assistant] I have an inspector and two officers waiting at the front door. Then we have stopped all the holes, and now we must be silent and wait.


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[Assistant] From comparing notes afterwards it was but an hour and a quarter.


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[Assistant] Yet it appeared to me that the night must have almost gone, and the dawn be breaking above us.


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[Assistant] My limbs were weary and stiff, for I feared to change my position.


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[Assistant] Yet my nerves were worked up to the highest pitch of tension and my hearing was so acute that I could hear the gentle breathing of my companions.


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[Assistant] But I could distinguish the deeper, heavier in-breath of the bulky Jones from the thin sighing note of the bank director.


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[Assistant] From my position I could look over the case in the direction of the floor. Suddenly my eyes caught the glint of a light.


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[Assistant] At first it was but a lurid spark upon the stone pavement.


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[Assistant] Then it lengthened out until it became a yellow line


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[Assistant] And then, without any warning or sound, a gash seemed to open, and a hand appeared, a white, almost womanly hand, which felt about in the centre of the little area of the light.


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[Assistant] For a minute or more the hand, with its writhing fingers, protruded out of the floor. Then it was withdrawn as suddenly as it appeared.


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[Assistant] And all was dark again, save the single lurid spark which marked a chink between the stones. Its disappearance, however, was but momentary.


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[Assistant] With a rending, tearing sound, one of the broad white stones turned over upon its side and left a square, gaping hole through which streamed the light of a lantern.


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[Assistant] Over the edge there peeped a clean-cut boyish face, which looked keenly about it, and then, with a hand on either side of the aperture, drew itself shoulder-high and waist-high until one knee rested upon the edge.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes had sprung out and seized the intruder by the collar.


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[Assistant] The other dived down the hole, and I heard the sound of rending cloth as Jones clutched at his skirts.


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[Assistant] The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but Holmes' hunting-crop came down on the man's wrist, and the pistol clinked upon the stone floor.


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[Assistant] It's no use, John Clay, said Holmes blindly. You have no chance at all.


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[Assistant] So I see. The other answered with the utmost coolness. I fancy that my pal is all right, though. I see you've got his coattails.


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[Assistant] There are three men waiting for him at the door," said Holmes.


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[Assistant] Oh indeed, you seem to have done the thing very completely. I must compliment you.


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[Assistant] And I you? Holmes answered. Your red-headed idea was very new and effective.


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[Assistant] You'll see your pal again presently," said Jones. He's quicker at climbing down holes than I am. Just hold out while I fix the derbies.


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[Assistant] I beg that you will not touch me with your filthy hands," remarked our prisoner as the handcuffs clattered upon his wrists. You may not be aware that I have royal blood in my veins. Have the goodness also when you address me always to say sir and please.


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[Assistant] Alright, said Jones with a stare and a snigger. Well, would you please, sir, march upstairs, where we can get a cab to carry your inus to the police station.


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[Assistant] "'That is better,' said John Clay serenely. He made a sweeping bow to the three of us, and walked quietly off in the custody of the detective.


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[Assistant] Really, Mr. Holmes? said Mr. Merriweather as we followed them from the cellar.


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[Assistant] I do not know how the bank can thank you or repay you.


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[Assistant] There is no doubt that you have detected and defeated, in the most complete manner, one of the most determined attempts at bank robbery that have ever come within my experience.


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[Assistant] I have had one or two little scores of my own to settle with Mr John Clay," said Holmes. I have been at some small expense over this matter, which I shall expect the bank to refund.


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[Assistant] But beyond that I am amply repaid by having had an experience which is in many ways unique, and by hearing the very remarkable narrative of the red-headed league.


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[Assistant] You see, Watson," he explained in the early hours of the morning as we sat over a glass of whiskey and soda in Baker Street,


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[Assistant] It was perfectly obvious from the first that the only possible object of this rather fantastic business of the advertisement of the League and the copying of the encyclopedia must be to get this not-over-bright pawnbroker out of the way for a number of hours every day.


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[Assistant] It was a curious way of managing it, but really it would be difficult to suggest a better.


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[Assistant] The method was no doubt suggested to Clay's ingenious mind by the colour of his accomplice's hair.


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[Assistant] The four pound a week was a lure which must draw him, and what was it to them who were playing for thousands?


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[Assistant] They put in the advertisement. One rogue has the temporary office. The other rogue incites the man to apply for it, and together they manage to secure his absence every morning in the week.


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[Assistant] From the time that I heard of the assistant having come for half-wages,


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[Assistant] It was obvious to me that he had some strong motive for securing the situation. But how could you guess what the motive was?


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[Assistant] Had there been women in the house I should have suspected a mere vulgar intrigue. That, however, was out of the question.


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[Assistant] The man's business was a small one, and there was nothing in his house which could account for such elaborate preparations and such an expenditure as they were at. It must then be something out of the house. What could it be?


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[Assistant] I thought of the assistant's fondness for photography and his trick of vanishing into the cellar. The cellar! There was the end of this tangled clue.


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[Assistant] Then I made inquiries as to this mysterious assistant, and found that I had to deal with one of the coolest and most daring criminals in London.


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[Assistant] He was doing something in the cellar, something which took many hours a day for months on end. What could it be once more?


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[Assistant] I could think of nothing save that he was running a tunnel to some other building.


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[Assistant] So far I had got when we went to visit the scene of action.


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[Assistant] I surprised you by beating upon the pavement with my stick.


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[Assistant] I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind. It was not in front.


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[Assistant] Then I rang the bell, and as I hoped the assistant answered it.


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[Assistant] We've had some skirmishes, but we had never set eyes upon each other before.


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[Assistant] I hardly looked at his face. His knees were what I wished to see.


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[Assistant] You must yourself have remarked how worn, wrinkled, and stained they were.


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[Assistant] They spoke of those hours of burrowing. The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for.


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[Assistant] I walked round the corner, saw the city and suburban bank abutted on our friend's premises, and felt that I had solved my problem.


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[Assistant] When you drove home after the concert I called upon Scotland Yard and upon the Chairman of the Bank Directors with the result that you have seen.


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[Assistant] And how could you tell that they would make their attempt to night? I asked.


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[Assistant] Well, when they closed their League offices, that was a sign that they cared no longer about Mr. Jabez Wilson's presence—in other words, that they had completed their tunnel.


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[Assistant] But it was essential that they should use it soon as it might be discovered, or the bullion might be removed.


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[Assistant] Saturday would suit them better than any other day as it would give them two days for their escape.


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[Assistant] For all these reasons I expected them to come tonight.


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[Assistant] You reasoned it out beautifully, I exclaimed in unfeigned admiration.


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[Assistant] It is so long a chain, and yet every link rings true.


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[Assistant] It saved me from Onui," he answered, yawning. Alas, I already feel it closing in upon me.


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[Assistant] My life is spent in one long effort to escape from the common places of existence. These little problems help me to do so.


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[Assistant] And you are a benefactor of the race, said I.


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[Assistant] Or any hypnosis or meditation recording whilst driving or operating heavy machinery.


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[Assistant] Alice in Wonderland, chapter four. The rabbit sends a little bill.


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[Assistant] Very soon the rabbit noticed Alice as she went hunting about and called out to her in an angry tone. Why Marianne, what are you doing out here? Run home this moment and fetch me a pair of gloves and a fan. Quick now.


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[Assistant] And Alice was so much frightened that she ran off at once in the direction it pointed to, without trying to explain the mistake it had made. He took me for his household, she said to herself as she ran. How surprised he'll be when he finds out who I am. But I better take his fan and gloves. That is, if I can find them.


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[Assistant] As she said this, she came upon a neat little house.


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[Assistant] On the door of which was a bright brass plate with the name W.Rabbit engraved upon it. She went in without knocking and hurried upstairs in great fear that she would meet the real Marianne.


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[Assistant] And be turned out of the house before she had found the fan and gloves. How queer it seems, Alice said to herself, to be going messages for a rabbit. I suppose Dinah will be sending messages on me next. And she began fancying the sort of thing that would happen. Miss Alice, come here directly.


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[Assistant] And get ready for your walk. Coming in a minute, nurse, but I've got to see that mouse doesn't get out. Only I don't think, Alice went on, that they would let diners stop in the house if it began ordering people around like that.


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[Assistant] By this time, she find her way into a tidy little room with a table in the window and on it, as she had hoped, a fan of three pairs of tiny white kid gloves. She took up the fan and a pair of gloves and was just going to leave the room, but her eye fell upon a little bottle


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[Assistant] She put one arm out of the window and one foot up the chimney and said to herself, now I can do no more. Whatever happens, what will become of me?


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[Assistant] It was so much pleasanter at home, thought poor Alice, when one wasn't always growing larger and smaller.


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[Assistant] I'm being ordered about by mice and rabbits.


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[Assistant] Shall I never get any older than I am now? That'd be a comfort to one way, never to be an old woman, but then always to have lessons to learn. Oh, I shouldn't like that. Oh, you foolish Alice. She answered herself, how can you have lessons in here? Why, there's hardly any room for you.


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[Assistant] And no room at all for any of your lesson books. And so she went on, talking first one side, and then the other, making quite a conversation of it all together. But after a few minutes, she heard a voice outside, and stopped to listen. Mary Anne, Mary Anne said the voice. Fetch me my gloves this moment.


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[Assistant] Then came a little pattering of feet on the stairs. Alice knew it was the rabbit coming to look for her, and she trembled still. She shook the house, quite forgetting that she was now about a thousand times as large as the rabbit, and had no reason to be afraid of it.


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[Assistant] Presently the rabbit came up to the door and tried to open it, but as the door opened inwards and Alice's elbow was pressed hard against it, the attempt proved a failure, and Alice heard it say to itself, then I'll go round and get in at the window. That you won't, thought Alice, after waiting till she fancied


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[Assistant] The rabbits. Pat, pat, where are you? And then a voice she had never heard before. Sure then, I'm here. Digging for apples, your honour. Digging for apples indeed, said the rabbit angrily. Here, come and help me out of this. Sounds of more broken glass. Now tell me, Pat, what's that in the window?


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[Assistant] Sure, it's an arm, your honor. He pronounced it, urum. An arm, you goose. You never saw one that size. Why, it fits the whole window. Sure it does, your honor. That's an urum, for all that. Well, go about no business there, at any rate. And take it away. There was a long silence after this.


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[Assistant] And Alice could only hear whispers now and then, such as, Sure, I don't like it, your honor. At all, at all. Do as I tell, you coward. And at last, she spread her hand again and made another snatch in the air. This time, there was two little shrieks and more sounds of broken glass.


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[Assistant] She waited for some time without hearing anything more. At last came a rumbling of little cartwheels and the sound of a good many voices, all talking together. She made out the words. Where's the other ladder? Why, I hadn't bring, but won. Bill's got the other. Bill, fetch it here lad.


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[Assistant] Put a mum at this corner. No time together first. They don't reach half high enough yet. Oh. They'll do well enough, don't be particular. Here, Bill. Catch hold of this rope. Will the roof bear? Mind the roof slate. Oh, it's coming down. Heads below. A loud crash. No, who did that? It was Bill I fancy. Who's to go down the chimney?


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[Assistant] Nay, I shan't, you do it. That I won't then. Bill's to go down. Here, Bill. The master. You've got to go down the chimney. Oh, so Bill's got to come down the chimney, has he? Said Alice to herself. Shy, they seem to put everything upon Bill. I wouldn't be in Bill's place for a good deal. This fireplace is so narrow, to be sure. But I think I can kick a little.


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[Assistant] She drew her foot as far down the chimney as she could and waited till she heard a little animal. She couldn't guess of what sort it was, scratching and scrambling about in the chimney. Close above her, then saying to herself, this is Bill. She gave one sharp kick and waited to see what would happen next. The first thing she heard was a general chorus of, there goes Bill.


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[Assistant] Then, the rabbit's voice along, catch him, you'll be by the hedge. Then silence, and then another confusion of voices. Hold up his head, brandy now, don't choke him. How was it old fellow, what happened to you? Tell us all about it. That's came a little feeble squeaking voice. That's Bill, thought Alice. Well, I hardly know.


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[Assistant] No more thank ye, I'm better now, but I'm a deal too flustered to tell. All I know is that something at me, like a jack-in-the-box, it came at me, and up I goes like a skyrocket. So you did, old fellow, said the others. We must burn the house down, said the rabbit's voice, and Alice called out as loud as she could. If you do,


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[Assistant] But she had not longed to doubt for the next moment a shower of little pebbles came rattling in at the window and some of them hit her in the face. I'll put a stop to this, she said to herself and shouted out. You better not do that again, which produced another dead silence.


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[Assistant] Alice noticed that some surprise that the pebbles were all turning into little cakes as they lay on the floor. And a bright idea came into her head. If I eat one of these cakes, she thought.


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[Assistant] As soon as she was small enough to get through the door, she ran out of the house,


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[Assistant] Who are giving it something out of a bottle. All made a rush at Alice the moment she appeared. She ran off as hard as she could and soon found herself in a thick dark wood. The first thing I'll do said Alice to herself as she wondered about the wood is to grow to my right size again.


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[Assistant] And tumbled head over heels in its hurry to get hold of it.


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[Assistant] And Alice thinking it was very like having a game of play with a cart horse.


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[Assistant] And expecting every moment to be trampled under its feet, run around the thistle again.


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[Assistant] And yet, what a dear little puppy it was, said Alice. She leant against a buttercup to rest herself, and fanned herself with one of its leaves. I could have liked teaching it tricks very much, if, if I'd only been the right size to do it. Oh dear, I've nearly forgotten that I've got to grow up again. Let me see.


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[Assistant] She stretched herself up on tiptoe and peeped over the edge of the mushroom and her eyes immediately met those of a large caterpillar that was sitting on top with its arms folded, quietly smoking a long hookah and taking not the smallest notice of her or


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[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy. You read the title, today I'm going to show you 10 fashion designer names that you, yes you, are pronouncing incorrectly. And I bet you've come here like, oh yea let's see, let's see what this British girl with missing fingernails is going to accuse me of.


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[Assistant] You might surprise yourself because I surprised myself whilst doing the research for these videos. I'm by no means a fashion expert.


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[Assistant] I am, however, extremely interested in pronunciation and I know a lot of you guys are as well and you want to sound like you know what you're talking about.


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[Assistant] So, a lot of you will be here because you want to improve your English speaking and pronunciation and you want to sound more professional when talking about these brands. If you'd like to take your English a step further,


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[Assistant] Then I really, really recommend audible. When it comes to improving your pronunciation, uhm, sometimes reading just isn't enough, but listening to audiobooks really shows you how each word is pronounced.


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[Assistant] So there's a link in the description box, you can click on it and you can sign up for a 30 day free trial and a free audiobook. And I've got some recommendations in there for audiobooks read with a British English accent and also an American accent as well so you can choose whichever is more relevant for you. That being said, let's get started with the video. Now the first one is this one.


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[Assistant] Oh, what a gorgeous brand. I've always, always wanted one of their fancy belts. I've never been able to justify one though. This one...


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[Assistant] I used to pronounce it hermes, but upon doing my research I found out that it should be pronounced air mez. Air mez. Air mez. And that's because it's a French designer and the H is silent.


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[Assistant] The next one, this one, oh my god, I have heard so many variations for the pronunciation of this brand.


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[Assistant] I'll give you a clue. The founder of the brand was called Adolf Dassler.


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[Assistant] Adolf Dassler, and his nickname was Adi. So the brand is an infusion of his nickname and his surname, his nickname Adi, and his surname Das, Adidas.


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[Assistant] I sometimes hear adidas and adidas or adidas and, um, but yeaah, it should be adidas. The next one, another French one, one that I'm likely to butcher, it is what I would originally call Balmain. But it should actually be pronounced Balmain.


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[Assistant] Like many of you, I imagine, I looked at this and I thought Lowe. I thought it was gonna be called Lowe, but it's not. It's a Spanish brand and that W is actually pronounced V. So it is Lueve. Lueve. Lueve. Lueve. That's a sexy word. The next one. It isn't Moschino. It is not Moschino. It is actually pronounced Moschino. Moschino.


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[Assistant] Which is because it's an Italian brand. And anything with S-C-H-I is ski. Ski. Moschino. There's something on my floor. It's Versace.


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[Assistant] Actually, it's not Versace. It's an Italian word, so it should be Versace. Versace. The next one.


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[Assistant] It's not Nike, it is Nike. Nike. The next one is Les Thierry Muggler.


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[Assistant] And it's more... We also have, instead of Saint Laurent, Saint Laurent.


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[Assistant] Saint Laurent. Now the difficulty with this is the French R, the French R sound, which is a R.


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[Assistant] From the back, uhm, I find it very difficult to produce. We also have one that is really, really commonly mispronounced in the UK.


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[Assistant] And the reason we know we mispronounce it is because Rachel worked there in Friends.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it should be Ralph Lauren. Ralph Lauren. But we, for some reason, pronounce it Ralph Lauren. Another difficult one is Givenchy. Givenchy. Ooh, that one's a tongue twister.


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[Assistant] Now the next one, it's not a fashion brand, but it is a luxury item, and this is what we would call in the UK, Porsche, but it should actually be pronounced with two syllables, it should be Porsche.


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[Assistant] And I checked with my boyfriend, who's really into cars, and he said Porsche as well, when it should be Porsche. So yea, really common mistake, but bear that one in mind.


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[Assistant] That's it for today's video. I hope you liked it and I hope you learnt something. Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media. I've got my Facebook, I've got my Instagram, and I've got my Twitter. And I will see you soon for another lesson. Mwah.


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[Assistant] I'm going to feed the animals. I can do it all by myself.


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[Assistant] Hello Kitty. Are you hungry? Uhm, I wonder, what does Grandpa give the cats?


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[Assistant] Oh, hello. Now, I wonder what you eat.


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[Assistant] Ah, a tortoise. Hello. Do you like sweet potatoes? It's the wrong food again.


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[Assistant] Phew, I worked hard. Now I'm hungry. Oh.


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[Assistant] Your pelvic organs are held in place by muscles and tissues in your pelvis.


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[Assistant] If these muscles and tissues weaken or tear, your pelvic organs may prolapse or drop down into your vagina.


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[Assistant] If your bladder and urethra prolapse into your front vaginal wall, you have a cystourethra seal. Your doctor may recommend an anterior calporophy during which the surgeon will make an incision in your vagina, push the organs back into place, and suture the tissue to help keep the bladder in place.


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[Assistant] If your rectum bulges into the back vaginal wall, you have a rectoseal.


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[Assistant] You may need posterior calporophy, during which your surgeon will make an incision in your vagina, push the rectum upward, and suture the tissue to support the area.


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[Assistant] Vaginal vault suspension repairs the prolapse of the pelvic lining and small intestine into the upper vagina, called an enterocele.


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[Assistant] Through a vaginal incision, your surgeon will push the small intestine back into position and attach the top of the vagina to strong pelvic ligaments.


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[Assistant] If you have a prolapsed uterus, your surgeon can repair it using laparoscopic instruments. Your surgeon will insert a lighted camera into your lower abdomen to view your pelvic organs on a video screen.


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[Assistant] Using special tools, your surgeon will lift and support your uterus by suspending it from ligaments at the base of your spine.


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[Assistant] Now that we've seen how we can get started using Selenium WebDriver to automate our browser,


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[Assistant] The next step is to figure out how to use Selenium to find and locate specific HTML elements on the webpage.


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[Assistant] Just between where we quit our driver and where we get hold of a particular page, I'm going to show you how easy it is to complete the previous task in day 47, where we tried to get hold of the price of a particular item on amazon.com.


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[Assistant] This was the item that we were interested in. This was the instant part and this is the price. So if I go ahead and take this URL and replace this previous, just amazon.com URL with the URL that takes us to this page, then we can start inspecting on this particular element. So here we've got the price,


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[Assistant] And then I can paste in the ID that I found just now.


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[Assistant] And this is going to be equal to the price element.


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[Assistant] Now if I want to get a hold of the price, all I have to do is to print that element dot text. And now if I hit run, you'll see our browser open up briefly to the page with the instant part and then it'll close down and you can see the price printed right here.


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[Assistant] Now the reason why this is so much shorter than what you did in the last project is because we're driving a browser. So the browser is ready sending all of those headers, all of the information that Amazon would expect from a actual user.


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[Assistant] Instead of using a get request, using the request package,


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[Assistant] So in only three lines, we can do so much more than we could do with Beautiful Soup.


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[Assistant] Essentially, if you think about it, Beautiful Soup was really good for just grabbing and scraping pieces of data from an HTML website. But it gets stuck when that website is being rendered using JavaScript or Angular or React and the content that was HTML was


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[Assistant] Taking time to load or it requires certain conditions to load.


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[Assistant] Whereas in this case, we're effectively doing exactly the same thing as we would as a human. Going to this particular URL and then looking at this element and its value.


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[Assistant] I wanted to show you a couple of other ways that you could find elements because as soon as I write driver.find, you can see there's a whole bunch of ways of finding elements and there's a lot more methods than you have with Beautiful Soup.


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[Assistant] One that I want to show you that's quite useful is find element by name. If we go to python.org,


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[Assistant] You'll remember from your lessons on HTML and CSS


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[Assistant] That most forms, these input forms will have a name attribute. So if I go ahead and inspect on this search bar, you can see it's got an ID, it's got a name, it's got a type, it's got a role, it's got a class, it's got a whole bunch of attributes.


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[Assistant] Now I'm going to search for it by this name, which is Q.


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[Assistant] And I can do that by saying find element by name and then specify the name as Q.


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[Assistant] Now of course I'll have to change this URL to actually python.org.


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[Assistant] And now, once we've found our element by name, we'll call it the search bar.


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[Assistant] When Selenium locates a particular element, it won't actually print out the actual HTML. It'll give it to you as a Selenium element like this. Now, if you want to tap into its various attributes or text or tag name, then you'll actually have to do that using a dot.


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[Assistant] So we can say search bar dot tag name, and it will give us that that is an input tag.


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[Assistant] Or we could say search bar dot get attribute and we can specify the attribute that we want the value for.


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[Assistant] So for example, if I wanted to know what the placeholder value was, then all I have to do is put get attribute placeholder and then we can print that out and it will tell us that placeholder says search.


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[Assistant] So that is something that you'll find people commonly use with Selenium, fine element by name.


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[Assistant] And it's really useful when it comes to filling in web forms, because most forms will have elements that are organized by name, because when the form is submitted, that name is carried along with the value of the inputs.


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[Assistant] In addition to find element by name, you'll also see the usual ones. So find element by class name, for example.


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[Assistant] So if we wanted to get hold of this logo here,


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[Assistant] Then it has a class of Python-logo. So all I have to add here is the name of the class, which is Python-logo. And this will give me that logo element.


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[Assistant] Now from the logo element, I can actually get hold of things even like its size. So let's go ahead and print out the size of the logo.


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[Assistant] It has a height of 82 and a width of 290. So you can see that we can do a lot more with Selenium than we could with Beautiful Soup. So that's fine element by ID, by name, by class name.


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[Assistant] But there's also, of course, fine element by CSS selector. And this is probably one of the easiest ways of narrowing down on a particular element.


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[Assistant] Let's say that I wanted to get a hold of this link to the docs. Let's go ahead and inspect it and it lives inside an anchor tag, but you can see that this anchor tag has no class. It has no ID, has no easy way of identification.


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[Assistant] So how do we get hold of it? Well, we can see that it lives in a paragraph element, and then going further up, it's inside a div with this particular class.


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[Assistant] So this has a class of documentation widget. So that's pretty specific. So if we wanted to get hold of that anchor tag, we could just say, well, inside this div of documentation widget, let's go ahead and find any anchor tags.


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[Assistant] And to express that as a CSS selector, we would specify the class documentation widget. And then inside the element with that class, we're looking for an anchor tag.


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[Assistant] So this would get us our documentation link.


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[Assistant] And now if I go ahead and print the documentation link,


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[Assistant] .text, you can see that it's actually getting hold of this particular link.


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[Assistant] And this is done even though the actual link doesn't have any easily identifiable name or class or ID.


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[Assistant] Now on a similar vein, sometimes it's extremely hard to even find an element even by CSS selector. So if all else fails, one that will always work is the XPath.


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[Assistant] By a path structure. So you've seen what paths look like, right? Users slash Angela slash development, et cetera. Well, we can also express the navigation to a particular element drilling down from the top of the tree to a particular node using the x path.


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[Assistant] Let's go ahead and inspect on it. And you can see it's not particularly unique in terms of having an ID or a class or a name. And even in terms of its structure, it's sort of in this UL and then in an LI and it might not be that easy to get to it.


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[Assistant] But here's where our XPath comes in handy. Let's go ahead and right click on it and then go to copy, copy XPath.


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[Assistant] And now we can go back to our code and use it to tap into that element. So we'll say driver and then we'll say find element by XPath. And then inside here, we're going to paste our XPath.


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[Assistant] Now notice that the x path itself actually has some double quotes. So we have to change our double quotes into single quotes so that it doesn't clash with the inner double quotes. So like this.


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[Assistant] Now, once we've found our bug link, then we're going to print out the link


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[Assistant] So now I'm going to print my buglink.text just to prove that this worked. And if I hit run,


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[Assistant] You can see it opens up our browser and you can see it's managed to get hold of that particular link using this very specific XPath which looks very much like a file path that we've been using.


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[Assistant] But it's essentially the way that we would navigate down through the DIVs, the ULs, the LIs, all the way down to that particular anchor tag.


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[Assistant] And the best part of all is of course you can use this button here in Chrome to locate any element and then that would select its location in the code. And then you can right click and then copy it to XPath to get hold of that particular thing.


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[Assistant] Now I'm going to link to the documentation on XPath from W3 schools.


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[Assistant] It goes into a little bit more detail about how x paths are constructed, but you don't need to know this in order to work with them.


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[Assistant] As I've shown, you can simply use the Chrome Developer Tools and it will help you get to the particular item you're interested in.


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[Assistant] Now we've been looking at finding elements using Selenium, but notice how we've always stuck to the singular version of that method, findElement.


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[Assistant] Now for every single method that I've shown you, there's also a counterpart, which is the find elements. So for example, find elements by CSS selector.


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[Assistant] And of course this is just going to find you everything on the screen that matches your criteria and give it to you in a list. And there is a version of this for every single find method that we've shown so far.


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[Assistant] In the next lesson, I've got a quick challenge for you to put into practice what you've learned and to be able to locate any given element.


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[Assistant] On a webpage. So for all of that and more, I'll see you on the next lesson.


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[Assistant] It's now time for the final project where we put everything into practice. Now, before I reveal the next message, just a word of warning. It has explicit content. If you are hungry, if you haven't eaten, if you are intermittent fasting like me, it might be worth skipping over the next image.


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[Assistant] But, it does describe what we're going to do in this project. We're gonna be baking some cookies. We're gonna be playing the cookie clicker game.


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[Assistant] And play the game as if we're a human. No, we're going to play it using a Python bot created with Selenium.


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[Assistant] So recently I've been looking on Reddit and there's a lot of posts talking about how addictive this cookie clicker game is. Why is this game so addicting? Cookie clicker ruined my life. And when you think about it, it's such a simple game.


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[Assistant] All it is is a big giant cookie. You click on it as fast as you can. And once you've gotten a number of cookies, then you can buy certain upgrades, like a cursor, which will


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[Assistant] Click on the cookie automatically for you.


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[Assistant] And if you get even more cookies, you can end up buying other things. For example, once you have 100 cookies,


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[Assistant] You can buy a grandma, which will bake more cookies for you.


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[Assistant] But we're not going to do it manually because I can physically not click at this rate. We're going to get our bot to decide which add-ons to buy that makes sense and to buy as many of these add-ons as we have money. And we're going to get our bot to continuously click the cookie to bake even more cookies.


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[Assistant] So the goal is we're trying to max out on this cookies per second rating because the more of these add-ons that you buy, the more often that you click on the cookie,


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[Assistant] The more cookies per second you can bake.


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[Assistant] So basically what we want to do is to not even touch our mouse and use Selenium to play this game for us. And we're going to try and get some high scores by cheating basically.


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[Assistant] So the goal is to max out the cookies per second and we're going to be playing this game by clicking on this cookie.


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[Assistant] Automatically using Selenium and once we've clicked for five seconds, we're going to see what is the highest value add-on we can buy and then we'll buy it to help us with the game.


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[Assistant] So the goal at the end of the day is we're going to run the program for five minutes and at the end of the five minutes, we're going to check our cookies per second and we're going to compete with each other on that number.


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[Assistant] Because of course you can get Selenium to play the game in different ways. So what I recommend first before you get started with the project is just to head over to this link, which is in the course resources and actually play the game first as a human so that you can understand how it works.


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[Assistant] And see how these add-ons really help us improve our rate of baking cookies.


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[Assistant] Pause the video now, head over to this link, play the game for maybe five minutes, and then head over to the next lesson where there's the full instructions for how to complete this challenge.


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[Assistant] Oh, what a great idea. Thanks big nut brown hair. And trees. Quack, quack, quack. Nice weather for ducks. Quack. You're right little yellow duck.


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[Assistant] Oh, it sounds so pretty and tinkly. What are they?


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[Assistant] Alright, let's get started developing websites using Flask.


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[Assistant] Now Flask is one of the most popular web development frameworks, but what does it mean to be a framework?


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[Assistant] Well, we've seen libraries before, like Beautiful Soup, tools that we can use and tap into whenever we need a particular piece of functionality.


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[Assistant] Now a framework is a little bit like a library in the sense that it's a package of code that you didn't write.


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[Assistant] But it's also got some differences. So here I've got a graphic from Difference Between .NET.


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[Assistant] And one of the biggest differences is the fact that a library is something which you call upon to do something specific.


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[Assistant] Whereas a framework is something which you have to abide by their rules. You have to use their architecture. And when it comes to triggering some sort of functionality, it's the framework that calls upon your code.


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[Assistant] So what does that mean? Well, remember when we use the requests library and we would say something like requests.get and then we would tell it which webpage to go and fetch.


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[Assistant] Well, this is us tapping into that library and then giving it a command to do something.


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[Assistant] Now when we're working with a framework, it doesn't really work like that. We don't really say, hey framework, do this thing for us. Instead, we make sure that our code is defined in a way that the framework wants it to be. And then when the time is right, the framework is actually going to call our methods instead of us calling the framework.


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[Assistant] All we have to do is to plan ahead for certain situations.


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[Assistant] If it was this situation, what do we want to happen? If it was that situation, what code should be run?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it might be that all you have to do is just write some functions like hello world. And when the user goes to the website, then it's going to display this text, hello world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's try this in practice. Now, by now you would have known that as developers, especially now that we're in the advanced stages of becoming a Python developer, the most important thing when we approach a new tool


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or a new technology is to read the documentation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Flask actually has a really good piece of documentation in order to tell us how to get started quickly using Flask.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you can see, they've described what a minimal Flask application looks like, and this is a very simple server set up with Flask.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's go ahead and copy this code and I'm going to create a new project, which I've decided to call Hello Flask.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then in this project folder I'm going to create a new file which I'll call hello.py. Now it's important that the name of your file


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Does not conflict with the name of the framework or library in fact. So for example, if I was to create a file called requests.py.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I tried to do something like request.get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, when I run this, because the name of my file conflicts with the name of the module, what will happen is I will get this error.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it might be a little bit confusing because it says, well, request has no attribute get. Well, we know it does because it's in the documentation. And the reason why we're getting this error.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is because we've named this file the same name as the module.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is something that happens to a lot of people. So make sure that you don't commit this mistake and you could name it anything like main or server or hello in our case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Notice that now if I change the name, it actually automatically changed the import, which is not what we want. We want the import to be requests.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we want to make sure that we install our package requests.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once that's done, you can see our module and our file have completely different names. So now if I run this file, it works perfectly and it ends with exit code zero, which means everything was successful. So now I'm going to go ahead and delete this file.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now inside our hello.py, I'm going to paste in the minimal Flask application from the Flask documentation. So paste that right here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as you might remember, there's several ways that we can install new modules. So in this case, the module is Flask and.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can either click on the red light bulb to install this package.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alternatively, we can go to PyCharm, Preferences, and then go to our project and enter the interpreter to add the Flask package, like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's additional tools to make it easier to install Flask into your project and to work with Flask projects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But because we're using the free community edition, I'm just gonna go ahead and dismiss that popup.