[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because this is your reference branch, right? This is what's supplying all the currents to everything else. So this can stay at zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No current will be produced anywhere else. Nothing is biased. Everything is zero voltage. It draws zero current, which is very nice, but it doesn't do anything which is not as nice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? So, how do we solve this problem? Propose solutions to this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, but, okay, so that current source cannot be referenced off of this, right? Because it becomes a chicken and egg problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're right, I mean that's one way. What is the simplest current source you can think of?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're on the right track, but what is the simplest current source? You make. It's very simple. It's a very simple element.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you can actually provide, you wanna provide a pathway for this thing to charge. So for one example, I mean, this is not necessarily the best way of doing it, is you put a resistor here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something that turns on when the supply turns on, right? I mean you can make it like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it doesn't have to be a big device. It shouldn't actually be a big device, because then the current through it in a steady state will mess things up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are more sophisticated ways of doing this, but this startup problem is something you need to be mindful of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because remember, these are non-linear circuits so they can have more than one solution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or, or, generating it this way. Let's say I generate this 1.1 volt supply, volt, uh, reference off of this, and make these nice cascodes, and... Do you see a problem?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, your reference you're trying to generate is even higher than that. So it's obviously not going to be operating at one, the way we are doing it, it's not going to be at 1.1, it's going to be crunched, the transistors are not operating in the proper region of operation, this volt, this is not going to be a supply independent thing, because of course, it depends on the supply. If the supply is too low, it's going to be too low.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Headroom is a problem. So there are other manifestations or implementations of this thing, which are conceptually, in my opinion, the same. They may look very different. So you need to be familiar with these.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now what you're trying, what I'm trying to do here is to basically force these two voltages to be equal. One way to do that is to basically take this and use an op-amp.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? So negative feedback forces these two voltages to be equal. And we'll talk about this as- when we talk about feedback extensively, we talk about this asymptotic equality principle, et cetera, et cetera. But what we know from our prior courses is that if this gain is large, this basically forces these two voltages to be equal. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Enforces these two. That's the asymptotic equality principle, which we'll extensively talk about and apply at the transistor level as well as the, uh, PAMP level when we talk about the feedback later on. Uh, but at this point, again it's a little bit back and forth, but just if you think about it, this enforces these two to be equal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This feedback. Now, what does, what, what does, what does that mean? So let's call this brand the current through this branch I1. And the current through this branch I2. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have to be equal, right? Which basically means r1 i1 equals r2 i2. Right? Agreed? So that's one equation. Yes?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, yes, they are. Sorry. Yes. So this should be i2. This is i1. Thank you very much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so yeaah, please make that correction, this is i2, this is i1. Uhm, and now, that's the, that, so that, that equal together. There's another thing, right? We know something else. So now we are forcing these two to be equal, which makes it exactly similar to that, that guy, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looks flipped because the resistor now is on this side, but other than that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're equating these two. So you can make this times n, and this makes it times 1, right? So this is just a flipped version of the one that we just talked about. The two sides are switched. But again, you get the same expression, right? So you get VBE1, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't need to make them different, actually. So this is what happens. So vb2, which is this guy, which is going to be vt natural log of i1 over is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But now from that first equation, I have a relationship, we have a relationship for I1 over I2. It's R2 over R1. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can plug this in, and what you get is vt natural log of r2 over r1 equals r3 i2. So, or i, you can write it as i2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can see again, we created something, a current.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the ratio of two resistors, right? If you make them of the same kind, it will have no temperature dependence, the first order. If they're close to each other, you place them close so they have the same temperature and make them of the same kind. So they basically, that ratio becomes a ratio of parameters, right? So which is good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you have R3, so that's I3. And then of course if you want to use the other branch as current. So if I say, if you say what is this current volt, et cetera, you know it. And the other question is what is this voltage?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's call this Vout, or Vout. The same voltage, right? What is this, the output voltage of the op-amp? Well, isn't it just this VBE plus R1?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it is basically VBE1 plus, uh, the voltage across R1, which would be VTR1 over R3, natural log of R2 over R3. So you can see that there are two ratios here that you can control in your design.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And by controlling them, you can set the coefficient that sits in front of the thermal voltage. So you can add it with different weights to VBE. So that would be the Vout.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can basically choose the polarity of the inputs in such a way that it goes, if it, if in one direction it goes in that direction, if you flip the inputs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It depends on the relative sizes of these things, how you choose them. But once you choose them, it has one direction, one preferred direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's exactly it. That's a good question, actually. It's a very good question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, yes, so that's one way to do it. Now, what's the advantage of this thing? The advantage is that you can see that the headroom problem is somewhat over...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Overcome, right? Because if you make this op-amp in such a way that it can operate here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the voltages don't need to kind of build up a large number. But part of the problem is resolved. Still, this voltage is on the order of VBE plus some VT, and to get some cancellation, you will be at like 1.1 volt. So if you're still operating at 1 volt, this is not solving the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Questions that can be solved in a second. But let me ask another question from you about this. Doesn't this look a little like cheating to you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you may say, well, you're going to be using this to make an op-amp, then you're using it inside the op-amp, so it's a recursive solution, right? And unlike programming, the, in, in, in, in, recursive solutions are not necessarily an acceptable solution, depending on how you do it, right? Because they're physical manifestations of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How does recursion work in programming? It reduces, it breaks the problem to simpler versions of the same problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Say well, if you want to solve the problem for a large system, solve it for these two smaller versions, twice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, for each one of them, break it into smaller things, right? So with that mindset, well, this mindset predates that mindset, but really.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You guys are probably at this point more familiar with that mindset than this mindset. But, uh, this op-amp doesn't have to be a fancy op-amp. That's the answer. This is a very simple op-amp. It will make these op-amps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Doesn't have to be a fancy op amp with very high gain or very high other bandwidth, things of that sort.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, alright, so we solved one problem apparently, at least we have to still address this issue of the op-amp, but hold me to it. But then,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's see what, how about the other problem of the voltage being high? Can we think of a way of generating a voltage that's independent of the supply voltage, really, or independent of temperature and supply voltage, basically related to the band gap, but it's not exactly the band gap, because band gap may be too high. 1.1 volts may be too high for supply voltages you're dealing with, for example, right? Can you think of a good way of generating that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where is the problem arising from? What is the source root cause of the problem here that this voltage becomes 1.1 volt?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here, let's look at this expression. What is causing that 1.1 volt to be large?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it appears that I can scale this any way I want, right? By controlling the ratios here, or in the previous example, by controlling n, which is again the ratio of the transistors, so either by controlling this, here, or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This here, I can control the VT part, the PTAT part, I can scale anyway I want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? We can control it by m and n or the ratio of the resistors, etc., etc. Obviously the source of the problem is here, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, exactly. So you want to scale VBE, right? Exactly, as you pointed out. So you want to come up with a scale version of the VBE to add, right? What is the easiest way to add things? I mean, we did use, kind of like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Voltage addition, putting things in series to add things. But there's a more natural, well...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Practical, practical way in circuits to do, to add things, which is what?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Adding currents. So we need to generate two currents. One is Ptat, proportional to absolute temperature, and one is Ctat, but it's not necessarily just the Vb and add these currents, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we need to create a CTAT current and add it to the PTAT current. And then you have a sum of two currents that have different proportions, different weights. And then you can dump it into a resistor. And that would generate the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So how do we do that? Well, again, different ways of doing that. Again, to demonstrate yet a slightly different way of doing this, let's show you, let me show you something else. So let's say you make a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's say you have a resistor here and then you have a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Branch with the VBE alone, so I'm trying to enforce these two to be equal. There's another way to do this, which is basically like that. So I can take my op-amp, the not so fancy op-amp, and apply it just simply to the gates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I make a copy of this current and this, this current coming out, what is it? Is it p tat, c tat, something else? What is it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] VT, right? Temperature. Do you agree? It's this calculation, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's the difference of two VBs. So it's gonna give you a VT.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One thing we could do is that, so so so far we haven't done anything new, it's just another way of generating that proportional to absolute temperature, the VT reference. What we need to do is just to now make a copy of this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And drop it across a resistor to produce a current proportional to VBE. We've done this before, you can do it as a separate branch, or you can combine them. You can say, look, you know what, let's just put this away for a sec. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And look at that current as my reference current. How can we do that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can do one of those floating mirrors, et cetera, et cetera, but then it would require a separate branch. If I want to be more economical, I can use another feedback network.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Another op-amp. And use that to drive


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The gate of epipheth, to control that. Now,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What does this do? It forces these two voltages to be equal, right? This op-amp with sufficiently high enough, okay? And then it forces the voltage drop across here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be VBE, which basically means that the current across here is gonna be VBE over R2, right? But now,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now these don't have, the ratios don't have to be the same, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can actually have this, the ratio of this transistor to that transistor and the ratio of this transistor to that transistor in such a way that I can actually scale them in any proportions that I want, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Correct? Because I can scale it up or down. And then drop it into a third resistor. Now this voltage is going to be what? It's going to be VBE.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] times R3 over R2 times the scaling factor for this guy which we call the M plus


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This current times R3, which would be VT.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, we said it would be natural log of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] R2, oh, I'm sorry, natural log of, in this case it would be the same thing, so it would be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Natural log of VT, okay, it would be VTR3 over R1, natural log of N. So we can actually make this times N. Because we are forcing the currents to be equal. So I have to make this something else. K.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there will be a K up front here, and that's what you will get. So let me just clean it up a little bit. It's a mess right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can see that we have a weighted sum of VBE.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And VT, but we've been able to scale it down by the ratio of R3 to R1. So we can actually make any voltage you want. If you want to make a voltage that's like 0.3 volts, that's independent of temperature and supply, uhm, you can do that. Yes? No.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So basically, that takes a copy of this current, injects it here, so this is my Ptat, and this takes a copy of my Ctat, and combines them in different weights. Right? And then dumps it into the artery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How's that CTAC? Do you agree that this is just, I replicated this VBE here using this op-amp? Right? So it's VBE over R2, this current. Which is the same current as here. So if this current is going through this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Transistor, if I take its VGS and drop it across this transistor,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would have a current that's proportional to the current of this transistor, which is basically this current.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now that proportionality factor is controlled by the ratio of the W over L. So if I make this M times larger, it would be M times


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's a VBE divided by arc. And remember VBE had a negative temperature coefficient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is the way you actually generate something that, of any arbitrary voltage level that's constant. Doesn't have to be exactly band gap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or close to band, get 1.1 volts. You can make it anything. You can make it 0.4. You can make it 0.5 further. You can make it larger, yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we can separate it to understand. So, but it was just like a mess. I mean, Whitelaw has all these kind of interesting things. Whitelaw also had this...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is back in the day, right, I mean, of bipolar transistors. Remember, BJTs have a voltage VBE on of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 volts, right? So, he took a bet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bet was a beer or something like that. To make a one volt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Equivalent of 741, which was one of the classic op-amps, uh, that operated from plus minus 12 volts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So made a one volt version of that using BJTs, which is not easy. Because you can't put two VBEs in series.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anyway, uhm, so, so that's for that. Any questions on this? And there is of course a lot of variations of this thing and a lot of things we talked about. If you want to make the gain constant, we don't necessarily even need to have to, uhm, make a constant voltage. You actually make, in a BJT for example, we saw that you want to actually use a PTAT current to bias the BJT.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This branch, yes, this branch, this is a p-tat, this is a p-tat current, and this is a c-tat current, which we just basically replicated here and dumped here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just copy that here. So this is basically just economical. You're using the same VBE that you were using, just copying it here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could actually have a separate PTAT and separate CTAT and then combine them later. This is a more economical way of doing it. There's nothing magical about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you ever want to borrow a book, all you have to do is go in there and tell them which one you want, and they'll let you take it home. See that building there? That's the library.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nobody slugs anybody in libraries. In libraries you're not allowed to make any noise. All you have to do is go in, pick a book, and take it out. You can do it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson about fixing and repairing. Part two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I almost exactly a year ago, I did a lesson on fixing and repairing and uh, because uh, I had a little uhm, mishap this week with my printer, uh, it reminded me of that lesson. I looked it over and I quickly thought of a lot of other things I could describe for you in English on the subject of fixing and repairing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For those of you that don't know, my, uh, my printer broke. Let's see if we can see it. It's actually sitting here. This is the broken printer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you can't see the new one, it's actually sitting over there. Uhm, but I do actually have a new printer and it works great. I printed a test page yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's do a lesson on fixing and repairing so that you can learn some English. Here's how this lesson will work. I will identify a problem. I will identify something that we're all familiar with that needs to be fixed or repaired or even cleaned up a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I will talk about how we would do that in English. So you'll need to not only read what I put on the screen, you'll need to listen to how I describe it. So in this lesson, I'll talk a lot about fixing and repairing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little things around the house. This isn't about, you know, fixing your car necessarily, but more fixing things like, uhm, if there's a stain on your rug or something like that. But you'll get, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'll get the hint or you'll get the gist of the lesson once I get started. So once again, welcome to this lesson on fixing and repairing part two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, I'm going to identify a problem, and the problem here is a wobbly table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a table is wobbly, when you sit at it, it moves. My desk is not wobbly. It's firmly standing on the carpet and it doesn't wobble. But you might have a table that's wobbly. The table might wobble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm saying the word wobbly a lot because it's a fun word to say. Uhm, if you have a wobbly table, you might do this. You might put a piece of cardboard or folded paper underneath it. Uhm, sometimes when we're at a restaurant, if the table's wobbly, we might stick something underneath to stop it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But our kitchen table actually has adjustable feet on the bottom. So you can turn them in and out and then you can adjust the table so it doesn't wobble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and in an extreme circumstance, you could always cut three legs shorter so the table doesn't wobble. But as you can see in this lesson, I'm going to identify something that needs to be fixed or repaired.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I'm going to talk about the ways I would fix or repair it. So hopefully you can follow along and learn a bit of English.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A squeaky hinge. So sometimes when you open a door and close a door, it goes creak, creak. You get, uhm, uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You get, uhm, sound effects in this lesson today. So, creak, creak. Uhm, and if this happens, usually what you'll do is you'll put a little bit of oil on the hinge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you have a squeaky hinge, you will usually get a little bit of oil and you'll put that on the hinge so that instead of going creak, creak when you open and close the door, it's completely silent. So if you have a squeaky hinge, you put a little bit of oil on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes your printer doesn't work. Now my printer completely died. We had a power outage, the power flickered one morning and I think that kind of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Burned out the electronics inside of it. And that's a pretty bad problem. I couldn't fix it. But sometimes you just have a paper jam. The paper goes in the printer and then it gets all crumpled up inside like this piece of paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In order to fix a paper jam, you usually open the front of the printer. You find the paper inside and you carefully and slowly pull the paper out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you close the lid and you cross your fingers and hope the printer works again. Uhm, at work when the photocopier has a paper jam, it actually tells you how to fix it on the screen. It tells you what doors to open in order to fix the paper jam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never nice to have a paper jam when you're in a hurry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this man is putting some new weather stripping on his door.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like a soft material, so when the door closes...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It blocks where the draft is coming in. So again, maybe not a problem if you live in a warmer part of the world, but in this part of the world, uhm, sometimes you have a draft and you need to fix it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stained rug. So a stained rug is not very nice if you drop your mug of tea or your cup of tea on the floor or your coffee, which is probably worse. It might stain the rug if it's a very light colored rug. Now if you want to clean a stained rug, you have a couple of choices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you remember from the lesson on cleaning, you might get a scrub brush or a brush and you might scrub the floor with soap and water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you can't get the stain out, you might rent a carpet cleaner, a machine that you can use to clean your carpet. So uhm, certainly if you spill coffee or tea, you should immediately scrub the floor, uh, with soap and water to try and get the stain out of your rug. A clogged sink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we haven't had this very often, but uh, sometimes when you have a sink in your kitchen or bathroom, the water doesn't drain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You take the plug out or you pull the little thing to let the water drain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and the water just stays because the sink is clogged and we sometimes in English say the sink is plugged.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, in that case you might want to use a plunger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is called a plunger, and when you use a plunger, it kinda puts


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pressure, air pressure into the sink and pushes the clog through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, or you might want to use something called drain cleaner or Drano is the name we usually call it in English. It's also a brand name. You might pour that in your sink and that might remove the clog for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might also have a clogged toilet. We also say a plugged toilet. Sometimes when you flush the toilet, the water doesn't go down and that's not good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this case, your only solution is to get a plunger. So again, this is a plunger and you would use the plunger. You would plunge the toilet. You would use the plunger in the toilet, uh, to try and push the clog through the pipes so that you can, uh, use the toilet again as normal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now here's a very common one, a flat tire. I think there's only two car-related


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fixes and repairs that I'm going to talk about because they're the only two that I know how to do myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have a flat tire, the first thing you can try is to put air in the tire. You can pump up the tire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's how we would talk about it in English. You would, if you can still drive, if the tire's not too flat, you would find an air pump at a gas station and try to pump up the tire. Maybe you have a pump at home and you can try and pump up the tire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If that works, that's awesome. If it doesn't, you will need to take the car to a garage or a tire repair shop and they will fix the tire for you. So you can always put air in yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, uh, you usually if it goes flat again after you pump it up, you need to take your car to a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And dead battery. Sorry, there might be three car related things. If you have a dead battery, if it's because you left your lights on, or for another reason that you know you caused it,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting a boost from someone or giving someone a boost.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes at work every year, usually at least once, a teacher will walk into the staff room and say, does anyone have booster cables? Uh, my car won't start. Can you give me a boost? And then someone might say, yep, I have cables. I'll help you. I'll give you a boost.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but sometimes you just need a new battery. That happens as well. That happened to my sister earlier this summer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She came here, uh, for a campfire and her truck wouldn't start and she needed a new battery. Her battery was 8 years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was shot. If you follow my other channel, you'll know that when you say something is shot, it means it doesn't work anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A loose wire. So sometimes in your house you flip the light switch. You go to flip the lights on or flick the lights on. You can use both words. And when you flip the switch nothing happens. What might be worse is you flip the switch and you hear


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unless you are an expert at fixing electrical things or electrical wiring. In that case, if you know what you're doing, uh, you should turn the power off in your house and maybe you need to fix a loose wire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bob the Canadian is not an electrician. This is not advice for fixing things yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If this happens to you, if you have a loose wire, you should call an electrician and the electrician will come and fix the loose wire. That is my recommendation unless you are an expert at doing that because it's dangerous. You can get electrocuted and that would be bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might have a lost button. This is a pretty simple one, right? Like a button from your shirt or the button on your pants. A button might fall off at some point during the day. Maybe the button from the sleeve of your shirt if you wear long sleeve shirts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then your only option to fix that is to sew on a new button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hopefully you have shirts like mine where all of my shirts have one or two extra buttons on the inside, uh, on the side of the shirt. So if you lose a button, there's an extra button. That's kind of handy, isn't it? I think this shirt has that. Yep. There's an extra button right on the side here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so if you have a lost button, you will need to get a needle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was cool to wear ripped jeans recently. I think it still is. So you wouldn't want to fix the tear or rip because it's cool. It's fashionable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But for me, if my pants or my shirt have a tear or rip,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Usually I'll stop wearing it because I wear my shirts for a very long time. And by the time they get a tear or rip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I won't fix it. But if it was something simple, like if on the sleeve here I had a little tear or rip or maybe the thread came out, uhm, I would get a needle and thread again and I would fix. I would mend it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is probably the most common problem. Uhm, I think most of you probably have some experience fixing this type of problem. You flip the light switch and nothing happens. And so you go and you get a new light bulb and you get, you climb on a chair or ladder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't do, don't do this unsafely. And you would unscrew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, low oil. When you drive a vehicle, like a car or van or truck, you should check the oil regularly. Uh, and when you check the oil, you pull out the dipstick.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you look and you decide if it has enough oil or not. If it doesn't, you might top up the oil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you might decide, oh, it needs a half a liter of oil. So you would put in half a liter, and we would describe that as topping up the oil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might in your vehicle have an engine light or an oil light that comes on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you might need to take your car to a garage to have a mechanic look at it. But if your car is just a little bit low on oil, you might need to top it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With just a little bit. That's a fun little phrasal verb, isn't it? Top it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might have something that's bent. You might have a fork, like this fork that's bent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is every person's worst nightmare if they own a home is to have a pipe that leaks overnight and ruins the floor of your bathroom. But if you have a leaky pipe, you might need to simply tighten the connections with a wrench. This is called a pipe wrench by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or you might need to call a plumber and the plumber might come and replace. There might be seals in the pipe that are leaking. I'm not a plumber, so I don't know all the details, but certainly you might just try to tighten the connections with a pipe wrench or a wrench, or you might call a plumber and have them come and fix it for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Frozen pipe. So if you live somewhere warm, this never happens to you. But in places like Canada, in the winter,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it gets really, really cold, sometimes pipes can freeze.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have a newer house, this probably will never happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In our house, there's one corner of our house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's below minus 25 for multiple days in a row, and if it's windy, we have to be careful that the pipes don't freeze. If the pipes freeze, sometimes people will put a heater by the pipes, they'll wrap warm towels around the pipe, they'll soak towels in hot water and wrap it around the pipes, or they might use a hairdryer to try and thaw the pipes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you want to avoid frozen pipes because frozen pipes can burst and then you might have a leaky pipe. So first they freeze and if they f- water expands when it freezes, if it's frozen for too long, you might end up with a leaky pipe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dripping tap. I actually fixed a dripping tap the other day. What I did is I took the tap off and I put a new rubber seal inside the tap and now the tap doesn't leak anymore. Uhm, so if you have a dripping faucet or a dripping tap,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Usually it just means you need to put in a new little rubber seal on the inside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and then, uh, you will have fixed the dripping tap, and you won't hear the drip, drip, drip at night when you're trying to sleep coming from the bathroom, which is what I was hearing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A broken window. So we don't often have a broken window on our house. But on our barn, sometimes a window will break. And the windows look like this. If a window breaks, you need to remove


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the word we use in English. And you need to put a new pane of glass in. So a pane of glass is a piece of glass in a window. You remove the window pane.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You remove the pane of glass and you put in a new window pane or a new pane of glass and then it's all fixed and you want to be very careful because broken glass is very, very dangerous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very difficult to fix a broken door handle or a busted handle or a busted door handle. Usually because it's very rare. If we have a door handle that is busted, I usually remove the door handle. I go to the hardware store and buy a new one and install a new one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Door handles last for years, like 20 years or more. Uhm, it's rare for, I think I've replaced two door handles in our house because they were busted. Uhm, but yeaah, sometimes you take it apart


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can fix it. Sometimes you can just replace one piece inside and fix it. But usually when we have a busted handle, I, uh, I usually just replace the whole handle. And then I don't throw the old one in the river. I bring it to the metal recycling place so it could get recycled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A rusty mailbox. Now, some of you probably live.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In cities where you don't have a mailbox like this, but this could be anything that's rusty. Maybe your lawnmower is rusty. Maybe, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To clean off the rust and then you can paint it. Our mailbox, uhm, isn't this bad, but it has some rust on it. So I'll probably go remove the rust with a wire brush and some sandpaper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I will repaint the mailbox or I'll put on some touch-up paint. That means you paint using the same color just in the spots where you remove the rust. So if you have something rusty, you remove the rust and you put on some touch-up paint to clean it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only thing you can do in this situation, if your phone says bad connection, poor connection, uhm, the only thing you can really do is, uh, go somewhere else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might be able to, uh, hold your phone up and kind of move around and try to get a better connection. But if you have bad or poor connection, that's uh, your only real option is to walk or drive until your phone connects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, when something is on the fritz, it means it isn't working properly, or not working at all. So earlier we had someone in the chat, Fred Moosterman, I think, and I said fritz, fritz. Did I say Fred? Fritz Moosterman.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I said, Fritz, your name is gonna be in the lesson, uh, today. So when something's on the Fritz, it means it isn't working right. You could say, ah,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My printer's on the fritz. That means your printer isn't working. Maybe it prints one page when you try to print three. Maybe it doesn't print at all. You would say my printer is on the fritz. If your computer isn't working, you might say my computer is on the fritz. It isn't working properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to get it fixed, I need to get it repaired


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes your phone will lock up. Like, it won't do anything. You try to unlock it, you try to do what you want to do, and then nothing happens on the screen, it just stays black. You might say, my phone is locked up. Or you might have your email app open.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can't do anything. You can't exit. You would say, my phone's locked up or my phone is frozen. If that is the situation, you probably need to reset your phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know I had an older phone and when it locked up, I had to take the battery out. My new phone, I can't take the battery out. So if it locks up or freezes, I think if I hold the power button for 30 seconds, it turns off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But basically, if this happens, you need to figure out how to restart or reset your phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe your car has a small dent or ding. Now these, this is a lot, these are a lot of dents. Remember a dent is a big, uhm, part, a big dent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm trying to describe dent without using dent. It's when your car has damage and, uh, usually from an accident. This is from hail. A ding is a small dent, by the way. Uhm, if this is the case, if it's a small ding, sometimes you can buy, uhm, like a suction cup to pull the dent or ding out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but sometimes you will need to take your car to a body shop to get it fixed. In Canada, when you get your car, the outside of your car fixed, you take it to an auto body shop


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is my body. If someone says body shop in English, it can be a place where you buy creams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And ointments for your skin, but you can also take your car to a body shop to get dents and dings fixed. So my uncle actually used to own a body shop in our local town and he did this for a living until he retired.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you might have a dull knife. You might be trying to cut your loaf of bread in the kitchen or maybe you're trying to cut a steak and the knife is dull.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have a dull knife, you can sharpen the knife. Maybe you have a knife sharpener and you can go, sometimes you'll see on TV, a chef in a restaurant will be like, see, see, see, see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just all, uh, sound effects this morning, isn't it? Zeep, zeep, zeep, zeep, zeep, zeep. And then they will use that to sharpen a dull knife.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It loses that shiny silvery look and starts to look dull.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when your jewelry is tarnished, you need to clean it using jewelry cleaner. There are special cleaners. If you have a gold ring or a silver ring, you would buy a cleaner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Specific for that metal, so gold cleaner, uh, silver cleaner, uhm, and then you would clean your jewelry with that so that it's not tarnished anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might take your jewelry to a jeweler. You might have a jewelry shop actually do the cleaning for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's very, very intricate or difficult.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So sometimes people drive on the road and there's a little hole and people drive through the little hole and it gets bigger and bigger and eventually you have a big pot hole in the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you see a pothole, you can't really fix it yourself. You need to call the city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or you need to call the local government office responsible for roads. In my situation, I would call the township office. I live in a township. I would call the township office and say, hey, there's a big pothole in front of my house. Can you come and fix it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't fix this yourself, although I know sometimes people get really frustrated when the government doesn't fix the hole quickly or the town service doesn't fix it, uh, and so they might try and fix it themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, a worn out toothbrush. This toothbrush still works, but it is worn out. In English, when we describe something as being worn out, it means...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It still sort of works, but it, not really. So this brush is worn out. It would be a good idea to get a new brush. Sometimes the tires on your car are worn out and you should replace them. They still hold air and you can still drive, but they're worn out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it rained or if you had some snow it'd be very slippery if you're driving on worn out tires. Uhm, what I do is I go to the dentist. Every time I go to the dentist


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dentist gives me a toothbrush at the end, so I don't buy toothbrushes. I get a toothbrush, uh, every nine months from the dentist, I get a new toothbrush.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bad signal. So this is similar to bad connection that we talked about earlier. Sometimes you're somewhere and you, uh, you go to text or make a phone call and then it just says bad signal or bad connection. Or sometimes we say I have no bars. So you know how there's the little graph. I don't think I can get this to, uh, to focus, but there's a little,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's little bars and you might say, oh, I have no bars right now. I can't make a phone call. I can't use the internet. And again, the only thing you can do is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then we also call this poor reception. So a bad signal, poor reception, no bars, all of those would be ways to describe, uh, not being able to, uh, use your phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or computer, right? Like, you might be in a library and the, the wifi is bad, and you could say, oh I don't have a good connection here, I have a poor, I have a poor connection, uh, to the wifi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lost contact. So I don't wear glasses, I don't wear contacts, but some people in my family do and sometimes they'll lose one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then they'll have to look for it. Maybe they'll take it out and they'll drop it on the floor. And then we would say they have a lost contact lens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in English, we say contact lenses, but we also just say contacts. So if someone says to you, do you wear glasses or contacts? They're talking about contact lenses. We're just lazy in English and we don't always use the whole term when we're talking about something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so if you lose a contact, you, I guess you get a flashlight and you look for it. I guess there's different ways to find a contact. One way that I think works


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, if you get really close to the floor, sometimes you can see it. Like if you lay on the floor and look, but uh, you kinda need your contacts in to be able to see to find your contact. Is that part of the problem? I don't wear glasses so I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then here we go, a tripped trip. So in our basement we have circuit breakers. This is a panel box and it has circuit breakers in it. And sometimes one of the circuit breakers will trip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In English, we also call these trips. So let me rephrase. A circuit breaker is also called a trip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If someone said, the lights aren't working in this room, you could say, did you check the trip or did you check the circuit breaker? So this allows us also to say things like, there was a tripped trip in my panel box. So we can say that the circuit breaker tripped. It went bing. Is that the sixth sound effect? It went bing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and it's in the off position and you might have to flip it back to the on position. If it immediately trips again, it means something's wrong. There's a short circuit. There's something wrong, uh, in that particular circuit in your house or apartment. So again, this is a panel box.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are circuit breakers in the panel box. We also call them trips. There are trips in the panel box. And sometimes the circuit breaker will trip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because there's something wrong. Sometimes the trip will trip. Did you get that? So you have a trip to trip. That just sounded funny the more I said it, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sharpen it yourself. Who are you, the fairy princess?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, Mercy. It seems to me you're crabby all the time. I think that's just the way you are. I tolerate you because I'm the patient understanding type.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go ahead, sir. It can't hurt to ask.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She even said no to bringing it up to a regular Z. But she said if she's ever on trial for her life she'd want me for her attorney.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Help me, Charles. My parents are driving me crazy. Marcy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You see how my hands shake, Charles? It's because of all the pressure. Sometimes I feel like I'm on a leash. As soon as I walk in the door, my mother will say, have you done your homework? Just so I can go to some college they've already picked out for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at the top, Marcy. It says report card, sir. This A is just part of the word. Congrats!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, in a way, Air Santa Claus is rather stuffy. Perhaps something a little more friendly would be better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't say things like that. Do you think he's going to believe you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ma'am, I'm not sure about this first question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes ma'am, I was told to report to the principal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I've been falling asleep in class, I guess, and my teacher's kind of upset about it. The principal is busy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want us to read a book during Christmas vacation? A real book? A whole book? You're just kidding, aren't you ma'am? Sure you are. You're not? You must be. You're not? Happy holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How about one by Katherine Ann Porter, or Joyce Carol Oates, or Pamela Hansford Johnson? Forget it, Mercy. All those authors have three names. By the time I finished reading the author's name,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turn around, Marcy. I can't afford to associate with someone who doesn't do her homework.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Theater matters because democracy matters. Theater ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the essential art form of democracy. And we know this because they were born in the same city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the late sixth century BC, the idea of Western democracy was born. It was, of course, a very partial and flawed democracy, but the idea that power should stem from the consent of the governed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That power should flow from below to above, not the other way around, was born in that decade. And in that same decade somebody


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Legend has it somebody named Thespis invented the idea of dialogue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What does that mean, to invent dialogue? Well, we know that the Festival of Dionysius gathered the entire citizenry of Athens on the side of the Acropolis, and they would listen to music, they would watch dancing, and they would have stories told as part of the Festival of Dionysius.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And storytelling is much like what's happening right now. I'm standing up here, the unitary authority, and I'm talking to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you were sitting back and you were receiving what I have to say. And you may disagree with it, you may think I'm an insufferable fool, you may be bored to death, but that dialogue is mostly taking place inside your own head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what happens if instead of me talking to you, and Thespis thought of this, I just shift 90 degrees to the left and I talk to another person on stage with me? Everything changes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because at that moment, I'm not the possessor of truth. I'm a guy with an opinion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm talking to somebody else. And you know what? That other person has an opinion too. And it's drama, remember? Conflict. They disagree with me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a conflict between two points of view and the thesis of that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that the truth can only emerge in the conflict of different points of view. It's not the possession of any one person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you believe in democracy, you have to believe that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's the basic thesis of democracy, that the conflict of different points of views leads to the truth. What's the other thing that's happening? I'm not asking you to sit back and listen to me. I'm asking you to lean forward and imagine my point of view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the idea that truth comes from the collision of different ideas and the emotional muscle of empathy are the necessary tools for democratic citizenship. What else happens? And the third thing really is you, is the community itself, is the audience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know, from personal experience, that when you go to the movies, you walk into a movie theater, and if it's empty, you're delighted. Because nothing's gonna be between you and the movie. You can spread out, put your legs over the top of the stadium seats, eat your popcorn, and just enjoy it. But if you walk into a live theater, and you see that the theater is half full, your heart sinks. You're disappointed immediately. Because whether you knew it or not,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You were coming to that theater to be part of an audience. You were coming to have the collective experience of laughing together, crying together, holding your breath together to see what's going to happen next. You may have walked into that theater as an individual consumer, but if the theater does its job,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've walked out with a sense of yourself as part of a whole, as part of a community.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That the culture should belong to everybody in the United States of America, and it was his job to try to deliver on that promise. He created free Shakespeare in the park.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Free Chaser in the Park is based on a very simple idea. The idea that the best theater, the best art that we can produce should go to everybody and belong to everybody. And to this day,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every summer night in Central Park, 2,000 people are lining up to see the best theater we can provide for free. It's not a commercial transaction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He figured out something else, which is that the democratic circle was not complete by just giving the people the classics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what the public theater did over the next years with amazing shows like For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enough, uh, The Chorus Line, and perhaps even, here's the most extraordinary example I can think of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was more information about AIDS in Frank Rich's review in the New York Times than the New York Times had published in the previous four years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To commission and work on Tony Kushner's Angels in America. And when doing that play and along with Normal Heart, we could see that the culture was actually shifting and it wasn't caused by the theater.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joe's old job at The Public in 2005, I realized one of the problems we had was a victim of our own success. Which is, Shakespeare in the Park had been founded as a program for access.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it was now the hardest ticket to get in New York City. People slept out for two nights to get those tickets. What was that doing that was eliminating 98 percent of the population from even considering going to it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we re-founded the mobile unit and took Shakespeare to prisons, to homeless shelters, to community centers in all five boroughs and even in New Jersey and Westchester County.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that program proved something to us that we knew intuitively. People's need for theater is as powerful as their desire for food or for drink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the thesis of it is that artistry is not something that is the possession of a few.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Artistry is inherent in being a human being. Some of us just get to spend a lot more of our lives practicing it. And then occasionally,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You get a miracle like Hamilton, Lin-Manuel's extraordinary retelling of the foundational story of this country through the eyes of the only founding father who was a bastard immigrant orphan from the West Indies. And what Lin was doing is exactly what Shakespeare was doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Elevating it into verse, and by doing so, ennobling the language and ennobling the people who spoke the language. And by casting that show entirely with a cast of black and brown people, what Lin was saying to us, he was reviving in us


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our greatest aspirations for the United States are better angels of America, our sense of what this country could be, the inclusion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was at the heart of the American dream, and it unleashed a wave of patriotism in me and in our audience, the appetite for which is proving to be insatiable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there was another side to that, and it's where I want to end, and it's the last story I want to talk about. Some of you may have heard that Vice President-elect Pence came to see Hamilton in New York. And when he came in, some of my fellow New Yorkers booed him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And at the end of the show, we read what I feel was a very respectful statement from the stage, and Vice President-elect Pence listened to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I looked at that boycott and I said, we're getting something wrong here. All of these people who have signed this boycott petition, they were never gonna see Hamilton anyway. It was never gonna come to a city near them. If it could come, they couldn't afford a ticket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if they could afford a ticket, they didn't have the connections to get that ticket. They weren't boycotting us. We had boycotted them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you look at the red and blue electoral map of the United States, and if I were to tell you, oh, the blue is what designates all of the major non-profit cultural institutions, I'd be telling you the truth. You'd believe me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We in the culture have done exactly what the economy, what the educational system, what technology has done, which is turn our back on a large part of the country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this idea of inclusion, it has to keep going. Next fall, we are sending out on tour a production of Lynn Nottage's brilliant Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Sweat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're taking that play and we're touring it to rural counties in Pennsylvania, Ohio,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We're partnering with community organizations there to try and make sure not only that we reach the people that we're trying to reach, but that we find ways to listen to them back and say the culture is here for you too. Because


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We in the culture industry, we in the theater, have no right to say that we don't know what our job is. It's in the DNA of our art form. Our job is to hold up as to her a mirror to nature, to show scorn her image, to show virtue her appearance,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A vision to America that shows not only who all of us are individually, but that welds us back into the commonality that we need to be. The sense of unity, the sense of whole, the sense of who we are as a country. That's what the theater is supposed to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tire Town School. Episode 50. A Monster?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't go! a voice cried. Who said that? Eddie asked. Look! Poppy said. Someone is behind that tire pile.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well hello and welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to talk about feelings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I do have to say we did do an English lesson on feelings I think over a year ago. So this is actually part two of this lesson.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I was able to find a number of new words for feelings that I can teach you. If you don't know who I am, I'm Bob the Canadian. I teach English here on YouTube. Some of you might not recognize me because I shaved. I regret it by the way. I'm gonna grow this back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I got a haircut, okay? So I got a haircut, and I shaved, and I'm still...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not sure why I did that. I'm waiting for it to grow back because, uh, yeaah, this just feels a little bit different and weird for me. Those are the feelings I'm having about it. Anyways, welcome to this English lesson about feelings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you do have time, you should watch part one at another point. If you search YouTube for Bob the Canadian Feelings, you will see that there. Uhm, the very first


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Word I want to teach you is the word paranoid. So when you feel paranoid, or if you say I am paranoid,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means you're overly worried about things. Sometimes we always make fun of people who wear tinfoil hats because they're paranoid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are overly scared or overly worried about something happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it is the same as being scared or afraid, uhm, but it's kind of the next level up. When you're paranoid, every minute of the day you're worried about something. Uhm, and then just let me back up and explain how to use these words to describe yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You would say, I am paranoid. Or you can say, I am feeling paranoid. Both constructs are perfectly correct.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and you can also say, I'm feeling paranoid. You can use the contraction. And this will work with every single word that we look at today. Okay? Now,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I did do a lesson earlier, a number of lessons on describing people. This is also kind of a lesson where you're describing yourself, but you're describing your feelings or emotions. Uhm, let's see, Maria says,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lots of facial hair. People sometimes refer to me as the bear. I will grow the beard back, uhm, over the next few days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the next word we're going to look at is eager. So once again, you can say, I am eager or you can say, I'm feeling eager or I am feeling eager. So I'm eager or I am feeling eager. Uhm, little kids are often eager.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you are eager, you're excited about something. You want to start something quickly. Uhm, when my gran- when my mom comes over, when my kids were little, they were very eager.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so they were feeling eager. So I'm eager to do this live stream every Friday morning. That means I'm like super excited. I can't wait to get started. There's a few other ways to describe eager for you. I'm pensive. Let me make this a little bigger for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pensive is when you are thinking a lot. You can actually see the French verb penser in there. So pensive, if I say I am pensive or I'm feeling pensive,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means that I'm deep in thought about something. Sometimes I sit and I think really, really deep thoughts about things. And if someone saw me, they could say, oh, what are you doing? Are you bored? And I could reply and say, no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or content. So content is simply another word for happy. It's another word for feeling like life is good when everything in your day goes well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're usually feeling content, and you could say, I'm content.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or I'm feeling content. Uhm, now this word has a number of pronunciations, right? Uhm, you can say that you are feeling content


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but this YouTube channel has content, same spelling, slightly different pronunciations. But anyways, when your day goes well, when you enjoy your day at work, or you enjoy your day at school,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you have a little bit of money and you're just feeling like life is good, we would say that you are content and then you could say I am content or I am feeling content.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Refreshed. So every morning after I have a shower, I feel refreshed. Uhm, after a long day of work, uhm, when I was a kid, after a long day of work, I would go for a swim in the pool and then I would feel refreshed. So when you're refreshed,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like you have new energy again. You're just feeling better about things. You're, uhm, maybe you've had a day where it was just hot and you're really sweaty and you just don't feel nice. You just feel like, ah, it's just a long hot day and I just feel gross.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could say that if you have a shower or go for a swim that you are refreshed. So you would say, I'm feeling refreshed. Oh, that was a great shower. I'm feeling refreshed or oh, that was a great shower. I feel refreshed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is a more negative feeling, a negative emotion. When you feel dismayed, it means that you feel


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit sad. You feel a little bit down. You feel a little bit disappointed. Uhm, so if a good example of this would be if you write a test, if you remember when you were a student or if you are a student,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, when you write a test and then when you get the test back, you realize that you have failed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might feel dismayed. So maybe you studied a lot for the test, and then you realized that you failed the test. You would feel dismayed. So you're dejected, you're feeling sad, and you would just say, ah, I was really dismayed when I got my test back because I thought I did really well, but I actually didn't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hurt is an interesting word because if someone hits me with a stick, I would say, oh, that hurt or I might go to the hospital and say I am hurt, but it's also a feeling. It's also an emotion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This man looks hurt. So you can be hurt inside. You can be hurt because maybe you and someone you loved no longer are getting along. Maybe you have broken up with your boyfriend or girlfriend and maybe they did something mean to you. Uhm, you would feel hurt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you don't need to be physically hurt in order to feel hurt. You can be hurt inside, like your heart can hurt. Uhm, so you could say after someone, after a relationship ends, you might feel hurt. It's not a nice feeling, trust me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ooh, it sounds like there's a story behind that, but I'm not gonna go into it. Uhm, this man is having a shower, and earlier we talked about how you could say, I feel refreshed. You can also feel invigorated. So if you have a cold shower,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Renewed energy. So when you went in the shower, your energy was very low and you were a little bit tired. And now after having a cold shower, you feel invigorated. So it's like after you drink a cup of coffee with lots of caffeine in it,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might feel really, really invigorated. Uhm, let me jump to the next one, insecure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you feel insecure, it means you're not sure of yourself. You're not sure if you can succeed at something. You're not sure if people will think you're attractive if you're trying to attract someone who you want to date.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A really good example is how you might feel at the beginning of a race. So I think back to when I was young, sometimes I would be in races at school. And when I looked at the other athletes, they always looked bigger and stronger than me. And so I felt insecure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I doubted my own ability to run fast. So I felt like everyone else must be faster than me. So when you feel insecure it means that you doubt your own abilities. Hopefully that makes sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes you might feel this in an English class as well. You might feel a little bit worried because you don't want to talk out loud in English during the class because you feel insecure


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] About your ability to speak English. So you could say to someone, oh, I don't like conversation time in English class because I'm insecure. I feel insecure about my ability to speak English. You shouldn't though. I'm sure you're amazing at speaking English.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, annoyed, this is a pretty simple one. When you're annoyed, it means you're upset about something. You're angry about something. You're frustrated about something. Uhm, this man looks annoyed. Uhm, culturally, things are different in different parts of the world. But in North America and many parts of the world, if you're like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Get off my lawn if you shake your fist in the air.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It usually is an indication that you're annoyed with something. Uhm, often in North America we make fun of people because they really like their lawn, so the grass around their house, and they don't like it when people walk on their lawn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So often, uhm, people will get annoyed and you'll hear people say, get off my lawn. So when someone is bothering you,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could say I'm annoyed or I'm feeling annoyed. Both work equally well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the next thing is useless, which we just had this question earlier. When you feel useless, it means that you don't know how to do something that someone is expecting you to do. So a great example would be this dog.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How to build things out of wood. And your uncle says please come and help me build a shed this weekend. A shed is a small building.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you could say, look, I'm useless. When I, when I try to help people build things, I feel useless. When you're there and your uncle's building away and hammering things, you could say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, I feel useless. I'm useless when it comes to doing these kinds of things. So when you feel useless or you think that you're feeling useless, it means that you don't know how to do something that someone is doing. Uhm, anxious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So anxious is an interesting one because when you say I'm anxious or I'm feeling anxious,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means you're a little bit scared. You're a little bit nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could also be a little bit excited. So it's kind of a mix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when you drink tea without sugar, sometimes the tea tastes bitter. But if you say, I'm bitter or I'm feeling bitter, it means you're a little bit annoyed with someone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These two people, I imagine, maybe they were friends and now one of them did something mean to the other one. Now they are feeling bitter. So they're a little bit angry. They're a little bit annoyed. They are resentful. When you are resentful, it means that you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone did something bad to you and you keep talking about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is one of my favorite ones. Actually, this picture I feel like really represents the feeling of calm. If I say, oh, I just feel calm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel really calm. I'm feeling calm. I'm calm today. It just means you're relaxed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have no stress at that point in time. I think someone, uh, sitting calmly and drinking a cup of tea and just kind of being quiet represents, uh, the feeling of being calm. It's an interesting word though. Listen, calm. You do say the L and M. So if I say I'm calm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm feeling calm. I'm feeling really calm today. That is how you would pronounce it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I need to speed up a little bit. Oh no, I'm just looking at the clock wrong. That happens sometimes. Uhm, I keep forgetting that I start at seven thirty now, not at eight o'clock. I'm elated. So when you feel elated, if you're, if this is happy,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is elated, okay? So if you see this team here, I imagine they've just won the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are feeling elated when they go home later and talk about the game. They're going to say, I was elated when we scored the last goal. I was feeling elated when we won the game or when we won the championship. So when you are feeling elated,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll just say it means super happy. Uhm, super, super duper happy. That's what elated would mean. Uhm, let's see here. Stupid. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You shouldn't ever use this word to describe someone else. If you say he is stupid or she is stupid, it means they aren't very smart, but it's also a very rude way to describe someone. It's not very kind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in English, people often talk about themselves as feeling stupid. So if I did this, if I stuck my finger in a mouse trap,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would say, ah, I feel stupid. Or I might say, ah, I'm feeling, I'm stupid. So when you say, I feel stupid, it's when you do something that wasn't very smart. The other day I was carrying a cup of coffee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I bumped the door and I spilled it on my pants a little bit. And I just thought, ah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's, that was really dumb. I feel stupid for doing that. Okay, so we again don't use this to describe other people because it's very rude, but you could often say that you are feeling stupid. And of course, sometimes you feel dumb. I felt dumb the other day because I deleted a file


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That I really, really needed. Okay, so I was working on my computer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or I feel dumb. We usually say this after we do something that just wasn't very smart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you don't really say the B, but it's kind of there a little bit, right? Dumb. You don't say the B sound. Dumb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, maybe you don't say the B at all. Dumb. Yeah, don't say the B. There. Sorry, I don't want to give you bad advice. You're better off just saying dumb. Just D-U-M. Dumb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Grateful. So when you are feeling grateful, you are thankful for many many things. So I am very grateful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now because my YouTube channel keeps growing. I'm very grateful because the flower growing season is almost over and we did okay. As you know, there were COVID-19 restrictions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At first, in the spring, we weren't sure we would be able to sell flowers, but we ended up selling a lot of flowers this year. And it wasn't an amazing year, but it was a good year. So I am grateful. I am thankful. This weekend, it is Thanksgiving. Uh, that is a weekend where we think about all of the things that we are thankful for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But also you could say we think of all the things that we are grateful for. So I am grateful, uh, for everything that I have in my life. Uh, I'm feeling grateful for it. So, uh, grateful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, helpless we talked about a little bit. Uhm, little children are helpless. They can't do anything for themselves. So this child here, uh, is helpless. He needs his parents


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or her parents, I can't tell. Uhm, but that child would be helpless if they were outside by themselves. So when you feel helpless, it means you aren't able to do anything for yourself. Uhm, another good example would be if your car broke down on the side of the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you didn't know how to fix it, you would describe that as saying, I, I'm feeling helpless. You know, you would phone someone, sorry, I don't have my banana phone, but you would phone someone and say, Hey, my car broke down. I'm on the side of the road. I'm just, I'm just feeling helpless right now. I don't know what to do. And then maybe your friend can help you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Horrified, horrified is simply another word for feeling scared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you are horrified by something, you are just in a state of fear. You feel fear. You are scared when you are horrified. You could also be horrified when you see something bad happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you see a bad car accident happen in front of you, you could just say, I was horrified because you saw things that were just not pleasant to see in that car accident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On a day when I'm in a bad mood. When you're irritable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means every little annoyance during the day seems bigger than it is. When you're irritable, things bother you very quickly. When you're irritable, you get angry really fast. So some days, especially if I don't sleep well,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm very irritable, okay? So today I'm not irritable. A couple of days ago, I didn't sleep well. I had a bad sleep. And I was very irritable that day. So if people were loud, it bothered me. If people at work asked me to do stuff, it bothered me. I was very irritable. I got annoyed really, really quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, sorry, one last question from Panthera. Yes. If you are trustworthy, it means I can trust you. If you're reliable, it means I can count on you. All of those phrases mean very similar things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, we talked about useless, but inadequate means almost the same thing. Uhm, if I was driving and if my car broke, I would feel inadequate because I don't know how to fix my car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would need to call a tow truck to come and fix my car for me because I would feel, I would just say, Oh, I feel inadequate. I wish I knew more about cars. I'm feeling inadequate because I don't know how to fix my car. I would need to call a mechanic or a tow truck. I mean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So a tow truck comes and gets your car and brings it to a garage and the mechanic fixes your car. Mechanics are awesome, by the way. Uhm, let me just check something here. Uhm, uneasy. So when you feel uneasy,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's kind of a combination of nervousness and maybe feeling a little bit worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a little bit anxious. It's all of the feelings you would have if you were going to a job interview. You might not be feeling too sure of yourself. So if I said, oh, I have a job interview tomorrow and I'm feeling a little bit uneasy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I'm not totally ready for the interview. Uhm, maybe you have a test and you could say, oh I have a test tomorrow and I didn't study. So I'm, I'm, I'm a little bit uneasy about the test because I don't think I'm going to pass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you are going to do something like a job interview or take a test, you can feel uneasy. So again, a combination of nervousness, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sorry, this person, let me just make sure my audio, oh yeah, good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This person is certain. When you are certain, you are uhm, 100% sure about what you're doing. This guy is proposing to this girl. So he's feeling certain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That she is the right girl for him and he's feeling certain, I think that she'll say yes. So when you feel certain, you are convinced something will be true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so Mahdi says tow truck with an E, but it's actually a W. When you tow something, you pull it along. I think Mahdi's just making a joke, but yes, tow truck Mahdi. Uhm, the opposite of this would be uncertain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I go to buy a pair of shoes, there are so many options that I'm uncertain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which shoe I should purchase, okay? So, when you are uncertain, it means you're not sure of something. Sometimes when you are in a relationship, you become uncertain about whether that person is someone you want to be with for the rest of your life. That's probably not a nice feeling. It's probably nicer to feel certain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But when you feel uncertain, you are unsure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't know what to do. If I don't know what shoe to buy because I don't know which color will look best, I'm feeling uncertain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you feel skeptical, it means you don't believe things easily. If someone said to you, uhm, that they heard from someone that, uh, something had happened in the world that was amazing, you might say, I don't believe you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm skeptical. I'm feeling skeptical. When you're skeptical, you ask a lot of questions. When you're skeptical, you don't believe what someone is telling you. Okay, so sometimes students will tell me


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That they didn't get their homework done and then they'll give me a reason and I'll be skeptical.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I don't always believe things people tell me right away. Especially if they tell me something that I don't think is true. I'll usually check the news to see if what they're saying is actually true. I'm quite skeptical. I don't believe people right away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you don't get hurt. Okay, so you're in a car accident and you're fine. You're, you're not injured. You did not get hurt. You'll still probably feel rattled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you feel rattled, it means you're uhm, you're just feeling a little bit shook up. That's the other way we talk about it. You're uhm, you're feel, you're not sure of yourself anymore. You're just feeling a little bit uneasy because something has happened that could have been really bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now you just can't stop thinking about it. So the best example I can give is if you are in a car accident and you don't get hurt, so you're not physically hurt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you're puzzled, it simply means that you are confused. Uhm, this person looks a little bit puzzled. I think someone on the phone told them something and they don't understand. They are puzzled. Often when you are speaking a language like English, as you learn English, you're often puzzled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone might say something in English and you don't understand them, so you might just be puzzled. You might have a puzzled look on your face. So you can also just use this phrase. If someone says something to you in English really quickly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you sort of understood, you could just say, okay, I'm puzzled. I'm feeling puzzled because I thought you said this, but did you say this? So when you're puzzled, you're simply confused. When you're puzzled, it means you don't understand what someone has said to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, pleased. When you feel pleased, uh, it means that, uhm, just let me check something here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That this livestream went really well. I'm very pleased that this lesson worked really well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's content for you again. Content and happy about it. When you climb a mountain, when you get to the top, you're probably feeling very pleased with yourself. You probably would get to the top and just feel pleased.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, because you've accomplished something. You did something really, really cool. This guy's probably feeling pretty pleased. He's also probably feeling elated. If I climbed to the top of a mountain, I would probably feel elated. I would say, ah, I just feel elated. I'm, I'm pleased right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Relieved. So if I say I'm feeling relieved or I'm relieved, we often in English, we do this. Phew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the word few. When you are relieved it means that you were stressed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now you're not anymore. The best example I can give is if you are a parent and you have teenagers and they go out at night, you are nervous and worried when they are out because they're driving your car. You don't know what they're doing. And then when they come home,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You feel relieved. So often for Jen and I, if one of our kids goes out with their friends, when they return at, when they're out, we feel a little bit nervous and a little bit worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But when we hear them come home, we feel relieved. So I could say to them, oh I'm relieved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our son is home or I'm feeling relieved because our son came home a couple minutes ago. So it's, uh, starts by feeling nervous or worried and then once the situation changes, you feel relieved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is something that happens a lot in the world right now because of the internet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the ability for people to communicate so easily. People often feel offended when someone says something that annoys them. Okay. So a good example would be if I said something, let me see, are there any Russians here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Natalia's here. If I said something really bad about Russia, Natalia would be offended. She would just say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm offended. I'm feeling offended. I'm not gonna watch Bob the Canadian anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, I would never do that. I really believe that everyone around the world is just awesome, okay? So I'm not gonna say anything bad about any countries, but that's the example I'll give you. If I said something bad about your country, if I said, oh, everyone from that country is lazy,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's use the United States as an example. If I said, everyone from the United States is lazy, people would, from the United States would say, I'm offended. I'm feeling offended because Bob the Canadian said that. By the way, I don't think that. I think Americans are awesome, but you get my example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's definitely some Russians in the chat. There is every week. So, and I appreciate all of you guys. You guys are awesome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, let me see where I am here. A simple one, nervous. If I say I'm nervous or I'm feeling nervous, it's usually the feeling you have before a performance. That's probably the best example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes at the beginning of the school year, I'm nervous because if I haven't taught for a while,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm, I know I'm going to have new classes, so I might say, oh, I'm nervous, it's the first day of school. If you were someone like this who played the violin and you had to play in public, you might say, oh, I'm nervous, I'm feeling nervous because I have to play in public tomorrow. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me just check, moved. When you feel moved, it simply means that you are feeling deep emotions of appreciation. When you see something really beautiful in nature, you can say, I'm moved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'm moved by the view from the top of this mountain. I'm feeling moved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you see really beautiful artwork, uhm, you might say, I'm moved. When you read a really good novel that just makes you feel really good inside, you could say, oh, I was moved by that novel. I'm feeling moved, uhm, by this music. Music often does that as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then we have lonely. Uhm, I think you are all familiar with this. If I say I'm lonely, or if I say I'm feeling lonely, it means that, uhm, there aren't a lot of people in my life. There aren't a lot of people to talk to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so I'm simply just not super happy, uhm, because I really want to be around people, but there is no one for me to talk to, there's no one for me to have coffee with, and I would say that in that situation, I would say that I'm lonely or I'm feeling lonely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 99, Squire Koo's Vow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The monkey turned into a moth and flew into the cave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong and the monk came out of the cave. Bajie and Wujing were thrilled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It grew until it was the size of a very tall tree.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With one swing, Wukong smashed the entire cave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The travelers arrived at the squire's gate, and a servant let them in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Squire's house was very large and fancy. Squire coo came outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The traveler sat with the squire in a large room. A servant brought tea and snacks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That evening, Squire Koo held a feast. Everybody in the town was invited.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The traveler sat with the squire and his wife, Lady Koo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bajie drooled as he gazed at all of the wonderful food on the table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eddie raced after Poppy. Poppy, wait! he cried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eddie shot in front of her. Let's practice now, he said. No, said Poppy. Poppy backed up fast. She tried to go around Eddie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone took the parking test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Zippy's wheel hit the curb. Ugh. He said. I failed. Ms. Fender smiled. Keep practicing, Zippy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have no luck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, please don't call on me. Please don't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh man, what a close call. I thought for sure she was gonna call on me. I thought I was doomed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you can go home and finish your report, huh Charlie Brown? Then you won't have to worry about it tomorrow. Who cares about tomorrow? C'mon, let's play ball!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello and welcome to part 2 of the fur tutorial, right? Last time we added the actual grooming part, we added the actual systems and now we're actually going to be looking at the geometry node setups, right? We're going to be adding those and we're going to give each and every layer of hairs that we created its own geometry node setup to make them look


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like they have their own little system, right? And of course we're going to make them blend together and make them look more realistic. So let's dive into it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so let's make it work first by adding a little bit of a variation here in this area. This all going straight down, that's not what I like. So let's go to the solid view, sculpt mode, and let's just draw a little bit of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of a curve in there, right, so there's some random...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rotation of the hairs there. Beautiful. I'm gonna go to the second hair system. And, let's see. I'm gonna go to skilled mode. And I'm gonna get the snake hook and drag some of these longer hairs on the front out with the sphere mode. Here we go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's looking better. Alright, so just so we get more of that transition going. And now we also need to go to that face part, go to skill mode and transition some of these shorter hairs there as well. Right, so this is all going to go down there. This is going to intersect and become longer at the bottom. And we should probably have used the