[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All these situations render the lungs unable to function normally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But mechanical ventilators take over the process, getting oxygen into the body when the respiratory system cannot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These machines can bypass constricted airways and deliver highly oxygenated air to help damaged lungs diffuse more oxygen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are two main ways ventilators can work. Pumping air into the patient's lungs through positive pressure ventilation, or allowing air to be passively drawn in through negative pressure ventilation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the late 19th century, ventilation techniques largely focused on negative pressure, which closely approximates natural breathing and provides an even distribution of air in the lungs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To achieve this, doctors created a tight seal around the patient's body, either by enclosing them in a wooden box or a specially sealed room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Air was then pumped out of the chamber, decreasing air pressure and allowing the patient's chest cavity to expand more easily.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1928, doctors developed a portable metal device with pumps powered by an electric motor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This machine, known as the iron lung, became a fixture in hospitals through the mid-20th century.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, even the most compact negative pressure designs heavily restricted a patient's movement and obstructed access for caregivers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This led hospitals in the 1960s to shift towards positive pressure ventilation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For milder cases, this can be done non-invasively. Often, a face mask is fitted over the mouth and nose, and filled with pressurized air, which moves into the patient's airway. But more severe circumstances require a device that takes over the entire breathing process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A tube is inserted into the patient's trachea to pump air directly into the lungs, with a series of valves and branching pipes forming a circuit for inhalation and exhalation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In most modern ventilators, an embedded computer system allows for monitoring the patient's breathing and adjusting the airflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These machines aren't used as a standard treatment, but rather as a last resort.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Enduring this influx of pressurized air requires heavy sedation, and repeated ventilation can cause long-term lung damage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in extreme situations, ventilators can be the difference between life and death. And events like the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that they're even more essential than we thought.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because current models are bulky, expensive, and require extensive training to operate, most hospitals only have a few in supply.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This may be enough under normal circumstances, but during emergencies, this limited cash is stretched thin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The world urgently needs more low-cost and portable ventilators, as well as a faster means of producing and distributing this lifesaving technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some life-saving inventions aren't as technologically complex as ventilators. Take, for example, the humble bar of soap. Learn why soap is so effective at fighting the coronavirus, or what exactly a coronavirus is with these videos.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're focusing too much on one little thing that I said. It was just a hunch, okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are, uh, you're like the new and improved Pam. Pam 6.0. Oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nothing even happened. I just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi dude. I am a little nervous to tell Michelle I'm a participant mainly because she's got all these things weighing down on her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you guys are great, cause like, I lost like, my friend. After Kiana's death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's just not sure where her future's gonna go. So you just don't know what you wanna do. Basically.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Michelle considers me one of her best friends, so it's really important that she doesn't feel betrayed when finding out the truth. I have something to tell you. Oh god. You're pregnant? No!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not a joke. It would be a bad joke if it was a joke. But I promise. I'm 25. Uhm. No really, you're still lying. Like. Can y'all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was never to be manipulative or rude. Oh no, it's good. That's crazy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Get past such a huge hurdle in her life and really be able to focus on what she wants to do with her future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really active in is an anti-bullying club, and one of the things that we learned as a group is that the school does have a very strict anti-bullying policy in place. It just needs to be more well-meaning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prodigal. Prodigal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kids, you remember what happened. I declared my love, she turned me down, we both moved out of the apartment, and now...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at that smile. Now that's more like the real you, Colin. It's too bad. Your wish won't come true. Because I and my Tristan fight for Britannia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. I was grossly mistaken. I was wrong to think that I could depend on sympathy. Cold and callous, that's the prescription. Unless I keep myself perfectly in this frame of mind, I won't be able to take not only back,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do I have to pilot it? The Lancelot armed with the Flare device? Will I have to use it? On the Lush?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a giant explosion in the Tokyo settlement. It appears that a Flaya warhead caused it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, you see the best in him. And I thank you for that. You see what I see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know this isn't easy, but I am so proud of you. Because there are some kids that, if they deal with adversity, they would have not finished school. They probably would have been going back to what they was doing to have got them in trouble. But this young man right here, pressed through. And he's graduating. So I know you gotta be proud. Gotta be happy. Of yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very briefly, following the conclusion of the procedure, it's our understanding that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, statements will be made publicly by Wada and Mr. Yang.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ask questions or inquire or be a part of that and are welcome to the top right corner over there of the room. But please just give council a brief period to clear the room before that takes place. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That tractor tire's gonna crush me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Competing in this episode, a feisty gymnast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So our Magnificent Seven head to the other side of the farm. For the first challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Mohammed enjoyed that 14 times? What a man! Paul and Emma did slightly better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fiona's alpaca made her flinch six times. Jason and Sonya did well. But Kendra kept her cool all the way with a perfect zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Paul's retching makes him the worst flincher on 15. Mohamed flinched 10 times. Emma and Kendra are not far behind. Jason and Fiona do better. Which means the mighty Sonja wins with just 5 flinches. Woah!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Woah. What does that mean? What did I have? Oh, come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jason gives Desiree a grand total of 17. Sonya's great work means Sean's total is 24. And Paul's 15 means Lloyd finishes on 30 and will face the pinch forfeit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was just, oh, I get it. And I'm kinda glad I was, I was involved in that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the, the training is provided by the doping control officer, which is all trained, uh, in doing so. Thank you. No further questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For millennia, the people of Britain had been using bronze to make tools and jewelry and as a currency for trade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What causes recessions? This question has long been the subject of heated debate among economists and for good reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A recession can be a mild decline in economic activity in a single country that lasts months, a long-lasting downturn with global ramifications that lasts years, or anything in between.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Complicating matters further, there are countless variables that contribute to an economy's health, making it difficult to pinpoint specific causes. So it helps to start with the big picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Recessions occur when there is a negative disruption to the balance between supply and demand. There's a mismatch between how many goods people want to buy, how many products and services producers can offer, and the price of the goods and services sold, which prompts an economic decline.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An economy's relationship between supply and demand is reflected in its inflation rates and interest rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Inflation happens when goods and services get more expensive. Put another way, the value of money decreases. Still, inflation isn't necessarily a bad thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, a low inflation rate is thought to encourage economic activity. But high inflation that isn't accompanied with high demand can both cause problems for an economy and eventually lead to a recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interest rates, meanwhile, reflect the cost of taking on debt for individuals and companies. The rate is typically an annual percentage of a loan that borrowers pay to their creditors until the loan is repaid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Low interest rates mean that companies can afford to borrow more money, which they can use to invest in more projects. High interest rates, meanwhile, increase costs for producers and consumers, slowing economic activity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fluctuations in inflation and interest rates can give us insight into the health of the economy. But what causes these fluctuations in the first place?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The most obvious causes are shocks like natural disaster, war, and geopolitical factors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An earthquake, for example, can destroy the infrastructure needed to produce important commodities, such as oil. That forces the supply side of the economy to charge more for products that use oil, discouraging demand and potentially prompting a recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But some recessions occur in times of economic prosperity, possibly even because of economic prosperity. Some economists believe that business activity from a market's expansion can occasionally reach an unsustainable level.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, corporations and consumers may borrow more money with the assumption that economic growth will help them handle the added burden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if the economy doesn't grow as quickly as expected, they may end up with more debt than they can manage. To pay it off, they'll have to redirect funds from other activities, reducing business activity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Psychology can also contribute to a recession. Fear of a recession can become a self-fulfilling prophecy if it causes people to pull back investing and spending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In response, producers might cut operating costs to help weather the expected decline in demand. That can lead to a vicious cycle as cost cuts eventually lower wages, leading to even lower demand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even policy designed to help prevent recessions can contribute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When times are tough, governments and central banks may print money, increase spending, and lower central bank interest rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smaller lenders can in turn lower their interest rates, effectively making debt cheaper to boost spending. But these policies are not sustainable and eventually need to be reversed to prevent excessive inflation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That can cause a recession if people have become too reliant on cheap debt and government stimulus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bronze recession in Britain eventually ended when the adoption of iron helped revolutionize farming and food production.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Modern markets are more complex, making today's recessions far more difficult to navigate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What causes recessions? This question has long been the subject of heated debate among economists and for good reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A recession can be a mild decline in economic activity in a single country that lasts months, a long-lasting downturn with global ramifications that lasts years, or anything in between.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Complicating matters further, there are countless variables that contribute to an economy's health, making it difficult to pinpoint specific causes. So it helps to start with the big picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Recessions occur when there is a negative disruption to the balance between supply and demand. There's a mismatch between how many goods people want to buy, how many products and services producers can offer, and the price of the goods and services sold, which prompts an economic decline.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An economy's relationship between supply and demand is reflected in its inflation rates and interest rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Inflation happens when goods and services get more expensive. Put another way, the value of money decreases. Still inflation isn't necessarily a bad thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, a low inflation rate is thought to encourage economic activity. But high inflation that isn't accompanied with high demand can both cause problems for an economy and eventually lead to a recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interest rates, meanwhile, reflect the cost of taking on debt for individuals and companies. The rate is typically an annual percentage of a loan that borrowers pay to their creditors until the loan is repaid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Low interest rates mean that companies can afford to borrow more money, which they can use to invest in more projects. High interest rates, meanwhile, increase costs for producers and consumers, slowing economic activity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fluctuations in inflation and interest rates can give us insight into the health of the economy. But what causes these fluctuations in the first place?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The most obvious causes are shocks, like natural disaster, war, and geopolitical factors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An earthquake, for example, can destroy the infrastructure needed to produce important commodities, such as oil. That forces the supply side of the economy to charge more for products that use oil, discouraging demand and potentially prompting a recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But some recessions occur in times of economic prosperity, possibly even because of economic prosperity. Some economists believe that business activity from a market's expansion can occasionally reach an unsustainable level.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, corporations and consumers may borrow more money with the assumption that economic growth will help them handle the added burden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if the economy doesn't grow as quickly as expected, they may end up with more debt than they can manage. To pay it off, they'll have to redirect funds from other activities, reducing business activity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Psychology can also contribute to a recession. Fear of a recession can become a self fulfilling prophecy if it causes people to pull back investing and spending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In response, producers might cut operating costs to help weather the expected decline in demand. That can lead to a vicious cycle as cost cuts eventually lower wages, leading to even lower demand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even policy designed to help prevent recessions can contribute. When times are tough, governments and central banks may print money, increase spending and lower central bank interest rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smaller lenders can in turn lower their interest rates, effectively making debt cheaper to boost spending. But these policies are not sustainable and eventually need to be reversed to prevent excessive inflation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That can cause a recession if people have become too reliant on cheap debt and government stimulus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bronze recession in Britain eventually ended when the adoption of iron helped revolutionize farming and food production.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Modern markets are more complex, making today's recessions far more difficult to navigate. But each recession provides new data to help anticipate and respond to future recessions more effectively.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh no, no, no, no, no, no. Common arms, we've got this, we can do it. This is my girl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, Mr. President. Before we begin the afternoon session, just a matter of technical clarification at the break.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The parties have agreed that the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Translation that was previously arranged by the parties will be replaced with a consecutive translator.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and, uh, the identification of the consecutive translators, Ms. Ying, Kui, C-U-I.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ms. Cui will sit by the remaining witnesses and will act as our official interpreter for the afternoon. Of course, both parties are invited to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have, uh, an American friend? Or maybe a British friend? A foreign friend?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's gone. No T. Gone. What's up this weekend? This S connects. What's up this weekend? What's up tonight?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What kind of plans do you have for the weekend? Are you going to be doing anything special? I hope so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's up this weekend? I'm gonna go hiking. Where at? Park Canyon. You wanna go?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's up this weekend? I'm gonna go hiking. Where at? Park Canyon. You wanna go?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's up this weekend? I'm gonna go hiking. Where at? Park Canyon. You wanna go?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's such a good feeling, a very good feeling. Feeling you know that I'll be back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello! Hi Nana! Come in, come in. Jodi's just putting on her shoes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not yet, but we'll keep looking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you Daniel, that was very kind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I still don't have a set greeting, but hope y'all having a great day today. It's me, Shou Yamino.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yo? Wait, yo? What's going on, what's going on?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Congrats in Forjica, thank you! Thank you, thank you. Hello, hello, hi everyone. Hi everyone, hope you're all having a great day today, so far. I'm just saying the same thing. Oh, welcome to the Minions, thank you! But yea, uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I don't think I have much else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. I don't have much. Nijisanji store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, oh my god, thank you! Here's a portrait cave. Thank you so much, thank you so much. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I mean, I don't have much else to say. Let's get into the game. Uhm, we left off, uh, merging with, merging with Sukuna again, but I honestly forgot how to play this game since the last time. Oh shoot, it's a cat. Hey there, human.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I need to find these. Model axolotl?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that- Oh, side missions. Uh, side missions. Uh, side missions. Uh, more side missions. Wait, where's the-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tengu? There's so many marks on the screen. Where's the- oh! No, that's the side mission. It's a tengu. Wait, what? Landmark. Wait, what? What did- what did-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm so, I'm so lost. What, what? What does that mean? Is it, is it active or is it, huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that? Oh, thank you for the four months, thank you! Oh my, it's four months.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The yellow mark? There's like five, there's like ten yellow marks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's like 20 yellow marks. Oh!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, there it is. Oh, thank you, thank you. But it's like not in the place where I could even access it right now. Okay, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, there's a pillar of light, and then we're like, what the frick, sus, amogus, boom boom boom boom boom boom. Okay, so uhm, we should open up more of the map, right? I guess we should head here first?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, add this, oh, Q, Q, Q, right, Q, to do this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, alright, I got it, I got it, I got this, I got this. I understand how the- woah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The game lagged for a second there, spooky, sus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is not working. Switch plans?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, building resonance? What does that mean? I can build it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who the heck was that? That was so freaky. What in the world? Okay, uh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do I eat again? C? Oh, there it is, C.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There we go. Alright, I'm remembering. I'm remembering chat, I'm gaming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's remembering. He's remembering. I can't believe how long it's been taking. Oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I forgore. I forgore so much since last time. Absorb. Cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but I remember last time I played, I, I enjoyed it, uh, uh, pretty...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wasabi, 30x fair. 30x wasabi?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 30 times? Why would you ever need that? 30 times the wasabi? What in the world? When would you ever need 30 times the wasabi for? It's kinda crazy. Dog. Pet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, this stream's already amazing, guys. Already amazing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nooo, this feels like a graphics drivers thing. Are there new graphics drivers? Let me check.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last release, March 22nd. No. Nooooo. It's okay, we got our BGM.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna, we're gonna verify the integrity of the files. Yo, my whole, whole computer's jittery today. I don't know why.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dog was too powerful? Yeah, I guess so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The routine. I don't know. It just felt jittery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fully uninstall and reinstall my graphics drivers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you get your PC checked? I stress test it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, the computer itself is fine. I don't have any issues running, running my computer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have no issues running my computer. It's just the, it's just the, it's just the drivers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cause, cause software compatibility is a B word to deal with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is how it is. Games, drivers, compatibility, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Optimization, this, that, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All this stuff. Alright, well this, are we left off?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh! Show me something good! Huh? Digging concrete! Huh! Shiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, is this a net game? Do I gain more money?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, what is this? Wait, is this something new? The resonance gauge? Raise your resonance gauge by extracting cores from enemies or by using quick purge. Once it's full you can use the wire in ability.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, is this, is this new or is this just telling me stuff again? Like, like I already know how to wire in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, you can hold tap to leave it to KK? Oh, that's not fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, you could just leave it up to- I guess if you get annoyed by- by doing it all the time, you could just leave it to KK.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uuuh. Niii. This is how I do it. Wait, where's the... Is there another guy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not, I'm just here to get back into the game and there's just these new guys. Oh shoot, computers. Wait, what? Oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I don't even want to imagine trying to fight that guy and the other normal guys too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I could have done that. Oh, there we go. Uh, where was I?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Increase the fire rate of wind weaving attacks by 15%. Enables to fire two shots at a time. The whip of the water. I like the fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh wait, these- these things have like different colors corresponding to each of the- okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This character is literally Shu. Oh, right click.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Honestly, not too, not, not too far off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess I don't have to pick up all of them, right? Oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There we go. Grab my energy. Nice, nice, nice, nice. Oh, this ambulance is still on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello? Hello? Can we grab some medical supplies? No? Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way the, the way the dogs are still alive, but all the humans are gone. Oh. Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, I get stronger? Oh, I gain skill points. Can I use it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, equipment? Talismans?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bow speed. Prayer beads extra set. Oh, that's pretty good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, so then if I go to my inventory, I could equip another, another bead?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where's the- wait, what? Where's the beads? Oh, there it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could equip, uh, oh no, I could equip, uh, oh, there we go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Allows you to sense Keke's investigation notes within a radius of 100 meters. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, are these gates just- oh, they're not even locked. Oh my gosh. The lack of se- oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I gotta look for a gate? Is it not- it's not on the map? Oh. Oh. I guess I s- I'm supposed to go in?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I shouldn't use my bullets for this. I don't think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, alright, alright, I'm learning, I'm learning. Remembers, remembers. Okay. Goldfish. Oh, on it. It looks like the Coca-Cola logo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it the Ara Ara voice? Uuuuuh. Uh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm ready to- Oh, the Resonance Gauge. The Resonance Gauge. What do I do? What do I do? Wait, what? Wait, wait. What do I do with the Resonance Gauge?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, is there a way to- for me to-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Figured that out. How do- What do I do with the resonance gauge? Was there a button I press?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, there it is. Tutorials. Uh, resonance gauge. Resonance gauge. Uh, re-resi-


[User] Please transcribe this text


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[Assistant] Keywords. Tutorials. Okay. Uh, sprinting. Using the flash- I have a flashlight?!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, today I learned. Uh, spectral vision, grappling, okay. You can absorb with right click? Wait, what?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh! Okay, consumables, spectral food. Okay. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hand seals, Jizo statues, investigation notes. Okay. So where's the resonance gauge? Where's the resonance gauge?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Resonance? Resonance gage? Resonance gage? Perfect blocking, nope. Resonance? Resonance gage? Resonance? Uh, building resonance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today's E cubed expression is pretty useful, especially if you are going to the grocery store or the wholesale mart or some big discount retailer. The expression is,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna stock up on beer. I'm gonna stock up on bread. I'm gonna stock up on frozen vegetables. What does that mean? That means I'm going to buy a lot. I'm going to buy a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to stock up on something, something, something. I'm going to buy a lot of something. That's it!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to stock up on books. I'm going to buy a lot of something. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna, the most common, I'm gonna stock up on. I'm gonna stock up on...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you getting at the store? I'm gonna stock up on water. What about cookies? Those do.


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[Assistant] Hello, I'm Abhishek. I have only one mantra. Do not flinch. Do not flinch. Do not flinch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello my pal, what do you do for a living? Design bridges and buildings for a living.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do not, do not. Good shot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You just missed my mom. You just missed my mom. This means not that means. Means actually got several meanings. First one, uh, Ms. Liu, Ms. Zhang, Ms. Chen, alright, means you just missed my mom. And second meaning, it's, uh, uh, you, you want to see somebody after a long time, you'll see somebody, you want to see something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mr. Solis isn't starting to catch on, is it? Mr. Solis isn't starting to catch on, is it? Link sound, catch on, is it? Catch on, is it? Mr. Solis isn't starting to catch on, is it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In my future, I'm gonna have a great life with my great wife, with my great kids surrounded around me, and with my great wealth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so this is the first part of this lesson about this. And later on, they're going to have the discussion about the love, about the relationship. Let's give it a look. So see you next time.


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[Assistant] You agreed to share your intel with us, but not your advancements in weaponry.


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[Assistant] Ho, ho, ho! Let's celebrate Christmas and learn English with friends. So it is super hot in Monica and Rachel's apartment because their radiator broke. This is a radiator. So let's watch what happens.


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[Assistant] But quickly, before we do, I wanted to let you know that if you are new here, every single week we make fun lessons just like this one to help you understand fast speaking natives without getting lost.


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[Assistant] Without missing the jokes and without subtitles. Just like our fan Rain V who says that their pronunciation is getting better each day with our lessons. And yours will too. It's really simple. Hit that subscribe button and the bell below so you don't miss any of our new lessons.


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[Assistant] Also, it's Christmas time and I have a little present for you. It's this PDF Power Lesson and it's going to help you to master all the vocabulary and pronunciation from this scene and take your fluency to the next level. So, to get that, just look up here or down the description below.


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[Assistant] Gel is a substance that some people put in their hair. He's saying that he uses very little gel, just an amount about the size of a pea.


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[Assistant] Let's take a closer look at the aspects of native speech that this sentence has.


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[Assistant] In this sentence, he doesn't fully articulate this word as amount with a T. He says an amount about. Then this other T at the end of about is dropped.


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[Assistant] One of the many meanings of take is the one used here to tell another person to hold something with their hands.


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[Assistant] Turn into means to become or transform into something else.


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[Assistant] Ross says, as a joke, that their party guests are turning into jerky, which is this type of meat that has been cut into long strips and dried. Also, did you notice how he pronounced guests?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He didn't say guests, he said guess.


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[Assistant] Get in line means to join and start waiting in a line, as seen in the picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, what do we say when someone tries to push in a line in front of us without waiting? Like this man did here. To cut in line, to jump in line, to skip in line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mr. Trigger says this with a great deal of linking and reduction. He says probably as probably.


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[Assistant] Then, because turns into cuz. And finally, I have into I have.


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[Assistant] Practice your pronunciation. We'll play it again and repeat after him.


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[Assistant] Hey, would you like to be able to understand natives even when we speak really fast and connect our speech like this? Then you'd be able to understand your favorite series and movies even without the subtitles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we'll show you how. The best place to start is with our three-part masterclass. And the best part is, it's absolutely free. You can sign up by getting up here or down in the description below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you cave or cave in, as we also normally say, you give up in an argument or cede under pressure. Example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, Rachel says she is with Monica. What does this mean?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She agrees with her. She's keeping her company. She's close to her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we say I'm with you, we mean that we agree with what the other person is saying, or we side with or support his or her argument. Example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm with Matt on this one. Learning English with real-life media is really effective.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To seize means to grab something that is of some value in a quick way, especially because someone else might take it if you don't hurry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We often use this figuratively when we say to seize an opportunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Super is short for superintendent, which is the person responsible for keeping the building in good condition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a super, Mr. Trigger often does different handyman jobs, such as fixing a faucet or the radiator.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now in this clip, Ross is determined to seize. He says, I'm seizing.


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[Assistant] Earlier we saw what this means, but the way he's saying it here is for comedic purposes. You would not normally use this word like this.


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[Assistant] This is often the case when the t is after an n, as we already saw with the word amount.


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[Assistant] Now, it's important that you develop the intuition for knowing when words connect with each other, instead of being pronounced one by one.


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[Assistant] For example, instead of saying I can't get a new knob until Tuesday, in normal speech we'd say I can't get a new knob until Tuesday.


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[Assistant] Hardball is actually a synonym for baseball, but in this expression, you should use the word hardball.


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[Assistant] Now, this is funny because it looks like Monika wasn't familiar with the right version of this expression, and she thought it was to play baseball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you notice the modifications in the pronunciation of this question? Rachel said, whatcha gonna do?


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[Assistant] This is called assimilation, and it's a process by which a sound causes another to change.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this case, if there's a T before a Y, it becomes a ch. So, but you can sound like butt you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you want to learn more native pronunciation secrets like this? Don't miss this lesson, which will help you understand without getting lost.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many people of the Jewish religion live in the USA, and this is one of the best-known Jewish holidays. As it is celebrated in the wintertime, many non-Jews think of this holiday as the Jewish Christmas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it may show that you're too lazy to think of a better gift option.


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[Assistant] So, the humor here is that Ross lost a bunch of money unnecessarily. Mr. Trigger really did like the present and couldn't fix the radiator simply because of an unavailable part.


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[Assistant] Hey, if you're enjoying this lesson, then next I highly recommend you check out this other friend's lesson that features the holiday armadillo and Santa. You'll find that being up here or down in the description below.


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[Assistant] These days I'm pretty lucky and I haven't been over sleeping.


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[Assistant] So I really try my best to never oversleep. I hope my students...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Knock on wood. I'll teach that expression in the future. Alright, that's it for today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that was weird to me too. But then, you know, I thought, well, there's minced meat pie. I mean, that's an English dessert. These people just put very strange things in their food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know my math is not that good, but understand E cubed. Today's E cubed expression is a good one. I'm counting on you. I'm counting on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Counting, in this case the N, can cancel the T. I'm counting, counting, I'm counting on you. And don't forget, American pronunciation, on, on you, on you.


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[Assistant] Maybe you are studying English and


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[Assistant] You are hoping that Coach Shane


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please never ask me to help you move.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jojo, could you make Teddy's bed while we finish Leo's bed? Me? Uh huh. The blanket and pillow are right here.


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[Assistant] You're big enough now, you can try it yourself.


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[Assistant] I'll try it, Mama. Daniel, you know how to make your bed at home. Maybe you could help Jody.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, thank you helpers. Looks like we're all set.


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[Assistant] Again, despite the protestations, the opinion about the geographical range is not in his report.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and it was, uh, uh, not raised at the FINA


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would just quickly, uh, also point out, uh, argument was made by


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She rushes to the door, passing the athlete's mother at the time. And then she testified in her deposition, which we have also included in the closing bundle, that when she got outside the door, she did slow down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the reason she said she did that was to adjust her phone so that she could take pictures of what was happening.


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[Assistant] Additional point on the respondent one's abandonment argument. If you look at closing, WADA closing bundle 38, this is the paragraph 33 of the athlete statement that we've looked at before.


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[Assistant] And again, this is after the sample had been, the container had been broken.


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[Assistant] And the athlete says that the DCO said, we need to take pictures and keep the samples. And the athlete responds that you can't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So even then, the athlete is insisting that she can't take, uh, the samples or the broken container. Interestingly, in the next paragraph, the athlete says,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the interesting point on that


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[Assistant] We have provided you with a red line showing the changes from the athlete statement, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That statement versus the statement he provided to this body about six months later. If you look at closing bundle 43, you see paragraph 34 and the athlete has deleted that statement. The first sentence of paragraph


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 34 has been deleted. That was the statement that said the DCO agreed he could keep the blood samples.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So obviously, they no longer take that position by deleting it from his statement. This is the same statement where he


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said we're made by the DCO in the room at the time. He now acknowledges in paragraph 29.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marta and I spent our twenties living in New York. We had a tight circle of friends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Competing in this episode. A bouncy lifeguard. A kick-ass retail worker. A beautiful beautician.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And no nonsense Londoner. I'm in it to win it. A fancy student. An impatient waiter. And a catty makeup artist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So our valiant contestants head off to meet their first challenge in the games barn. Eight will enter, but how many will leave?


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[Assistant] Shin Yong and Matt link up with eight flinches apiece. Then Charlie and Holly on seven. Toby flinched six times. Bobby and Callum came close. But it was Danielle who cuts to the top with a perfect zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bobby's 4 takes Sean to 11. Charlie's 7 gives Desiree 15. But Toby's 6 means Lloyd moves one notch closer to that forfeit. Yes!


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[Assistant] So Bobby got creamed with seven flinches. Toby and Holly, six each.


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[Assistant] Shinyoung keeps Sean safe with 16 points. Toby hands Desiree a grand total of 21. Charlie's performance saves the day for Lloyd also with 16. Get ready Desiree!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Come on Toby, get a grip! I need this! I think I know what you're about to do. Oh god.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll be happy to find her some new shoes just as soon as I finish helping Dr. Platt. You can wait right over there.


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[Assistant] Thank you, Prince Tuesday. Thanks for waiting, Tiger Family. Let's measure Baby Margaret's foot.


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[Assistant] Now that we know her size, we just need to find her some shoes. I like these yellow shoes very much. I'll take them. Good. I'll take care of you over at the register. Okay, Margaret, wait here. I'll be right back.


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[Assistant] Good choice, Margaret. Daniel, you're a wonderful sales tiger.


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[Assistant] Oh, it's okay to be nervous, my fuzzy guy.


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[Assistant] Something new. Let's talk about what we'll do. Here, this book will show us what we'll do at the hospital.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is a hospital gown. It's comfy, like pajamas, and makes it easier for the nurse and doctor to check your body.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The medicine inside that mask is a special kind of air that you breathe so you won't feel the operation at all. Huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, Daniel. To help you get well, the doctors and nurses use special tools. Just like some of the tools Dr. Anna uses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we do something new, let's talk about what we'll do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An otoscope helps doctors look inside your ears.


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[Assistant] Bye bye. Please take us to the hospital, Trolley.


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[Assistant] Yes it is. There are lots of helpful people inside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's take the elevator to the fifth floor. Will you press the button, Daniel?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mom and I, and Taiki, will be waiting right here when you're done. Ugga mugga.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How did you feel walking around the refugee camp for the first time? That was my first time in a refugee camp as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My rocket ship Cluck is ready to BLAST OFF! In five!


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[Assistant] Prince Tuesday, why is your stuff in boxes?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna miss playing knights with you. And dragons!


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[Assistant] Prince Tuesday, we wrote you a letter. But don't open it until you're on trolley.


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[Assistant] That gives me an idea! I want to give Prince Tuesday something that will make him smile. Come on, Daniel.


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[Assistant] Her friend Liz moved away, and they really miss each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 那么我们大家如何去谈及奥林匹克最高的梦想站到领奖台上?


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[Assistant] I will miss you too, but when I miss you.


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[Assistant] There are things I can do.


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[Assistant] Well, sometimes when I'm sailing on my boat far away and missing you, I look at our picture and give it a hug like this. And it helps me feel better. I brought this one for you. Even when we're apart, I'll think of you in my heart. I love you, Daniel.


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[Assistant] It's time for me to wake up Prince Wednesday. Come in!


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[Assistant] It's time to shake a leg and get up. It's time for you to raise your head up. Come on and wake up now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not everyone. Mr. Lizard's still sleeping. Ooh. Should we wake him up with our song?


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[Assistant] Mom says we don't have to shower on the weekends as long as we go in the pool.


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[Assistant] I like to move, but you know, I'm a casual guy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it'll be fine. You know, maybe I'll stay here and practice the art of seduction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I sure do! Making all these speedy deliveries makes me thirsty! And lemonade is my very favorite!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oooooh, look at these fancy cups!


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[Assistant] But even more so when you're in one with a person who struggles with everyday social interactions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you hope to perform on stage here, one day? Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do you ensure that you protect the tradition?


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[Assistant] Oh, you're just in time for dinner. I made a nice pot of soup to warm us all up.


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[Assistant] But also collaborate with artists from different countries.


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[Assistant] Consider the claw. Frequently found on four-limbed animals around the world, it's one of nature's most versatile tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bears use claws for digging as well as defense. An eagle's needle-like talons can pierce the skulls of their prey. And lions can retract their massive claws for easy movement before flicking them out to hunt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even the ancestors of primates used to wield these impressive appendages until their claws evolved into nails.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what in our evolutionary past led to this manicured adaptation? And what can nails do that their sharper cousins can't?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When nails first appeared in the fossil record around 55.8 million years ago, claws had already been present for over 260 million years in the ancestors of mammals and reptiles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But despite the gulf of time between their emergence, these adaptations are both part of the same evolutionary story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Both nails and claws are made of keratin, a tough, fibrous protein also found in horns, scales, hooves, and hair.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This protein is produced by a wedge of tissue called the keratin matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since nails evolved from claws, both adaptations produce keratinocytes in the same way. The cells grow out from the matrix, emerging from the skin where they die and harden into a water-resistant sheath.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The primary difference between the two keratin coverings is really just their shape, which depends on the shape of the bone at the end of the animal's digits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In claws, the bed of the keratinocytes conforms to a narrow finger bone, wrapping around the end of the digit and radiating outwards to form a cone-shaped structure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Animals with nails, on the other hand, have much broader digits, and keratinocytes only cover the top surface of their wide bones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's possible that nails have simply persisted as a side effect of primates evolving wider, more dexterous fingers. But given what we know about the habitats of our primate ancestors, it's more likely that nails came with their own powerful advantages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] High in the forest canopy where these primates lived, wide finger bones and expansive finger pads were ideal for gripping narrow branches. And nails improved that grip even further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By providing a rigid surface to press against, primates could splay out their pads to create even more contact with the trees. Additionally, nails improved the sensitivity of their digits by providing an extra surface to detect changes in pressure while climbing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This combination of sensitivity and dexterity gave our ancestors the precise motor control needed to snatch up insects, pinch berries and seeds, and keep a firm grip on slim branches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The evolution of nails and the evolution of opposable thumbs and toes are closely linked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when our ancestors moved down from the trees, this flexible grasp enabled them to create and wield complex tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if it was possible for widefingers to sport claws, their sharp points would've likely interfered with these primates' regular tasks. Claws are ideal for piercing, puncturing, and hooking. But their points make grabbing difficult and potentially dangerous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, both claws and nails are used in some unexpected ways. Manatees use nails to grasp their food, and researchers think elephant toenails may sense vibrations in the ground to help them hear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, some primates, like the aye-ayes of Madagascar, have reacquired claws. They use these extra-long appendages to tap branches and trunks while listening for hollow sections with their bat-like ears.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When they hear an opening, they burrow into the tree and skewer grubs with their needle-like middle finger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've only scratched the surface of all the incredible ways nails and claws are used throughout the animal kingdom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bears use claws for digging as well as defense. An eagle's needle-like talons can pierce the skulls of their prey. And lions can retract their massive claws for easy movement before flicking them out to hunt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even the ancestors of primates used to wield these impressive appendages until their claws evolved into nails.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what in our evolutionary past led to this manicured adaptation? And what can nails do that their sharper cousins can't?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When nails first appeared in the fossil record around 55.8 million years ago, claws had already been present for over 260 million years in the ancestors of mammals and reptiles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But despite the gulf of time between their emergence, these adaptations are both part of the same evolutionary story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Both nails and claws are made of keratin, a tough, fibrous protein also found in horns, scales, hooves, and hair.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This protein is produced by a wedge of tissue called the keratin matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since nails evolved from claws, both adaptations produce keratinocytes in the same way. The cells grow out from the matrix, emerging from the skin where they die and harden into a water-resistant sheath.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The primary difference between the two keratin coverings is really just their shape, which depends on the shape of the bone at the end of the animal's digits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In claws, the bed of the keratinocytes conforms to a narrow finger bone, wrapping around the end of the digit and radiating outwards to form a cone-shaped structure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Animals with nails, on the other hand, have much broader digits, and keratinocytes only cover the top surface of their wide bones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's possible that nails have simply persisted as a side effect of primates evolving wider, more dexterous fingers. But given what we know about the habitats of our primate ancestors, it's more likely that nails came with their own powerful advantages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] High in the forest canopy where these primates lived, wide finger bones and expansive finger pads were ideal for gripping narrow branches. And nails improve that grip even further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By providing a rigid surface to press against, primates could splay out their pads to create even more contact with the trees. Additionally, nails improved the sensitivity of their digits by providing an extra surface to detect changes in pressure while climbing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This combination of sensitivity and dexterity gave our ancestors the precise motor control needed to snatch up insects, pinch berries and seeds, and keep a firm grip on slim branches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The evolution of nails and the evolution of opposable thumbs and toes are closely linked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when our ancestors moved down from the trees, this flexible grasp enabled them to create and wield complex tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if it was possible for widefingers to sport claws, their sharp points would have likely interfered with these primates' regular tasks. Claws are ideal for piercing, puncturing, and hooking. But their points make grabbing difficult and potentially dangerous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, both claws and nails are used in some unexpected ways. Manatees use nails to grasp their food, and researchers think elephant toenails may sense vibrations in the ground to help them hear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, some primates, like the aye-ayes of Madagascar, have reacquired claws. They use these extra-long appendages to tap branches and trunks while listening for hollow sections with their bat-like ears.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When they hear an opening, they burrow into the tree and skewer grubs with their needle-like middle finger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've only scratched the surface of all the incredible ways nails and claws are used throughout the animal kingdom. But as for which of these adaptations is better, that's an answer we may never nail down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Follow the rules to stay safe at the pool. Do you know any rules for the pool?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Follow the rules to stay safe at the pool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Teddy and Leo. We're making play clay today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can make all kinds of shapes with our Play Clay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going outside, there's some things that I need. Like my hat?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My purse, and a book to read.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] William Golding was losing his faith in humanity. Serving aboard a British destroyer in World War II, the philosophy teacher turned Royal Navy lieutenant was constantly confronted by the atrocities of his fellow man.


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[Assistant] And when he returned to England to find Cold War superpowers threatening one another with nuclear annihilation, he was forced to interrogate the very roots of human nature. These musings on the inevitability of violence would inspire his first and most famous novel, Lord of the Flies.


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[Assistant] After being rejected by 21 publishers, the novel was finally published in 1954.


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[Assistant] It takes its title from Beelzebub, a demon associated with pride and war, two themes very much at the heart of Golding's book.


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[Assistant] The novel was a bleak satire of a classic island adventure story, a popular genre where young boys get shipwrecked in exotic locations.


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[Assistant] The protagonists in these stories are able to master nature while evading the dangers posed by their new environments. The genre also endorsed the problematic colonialist narrative found in many British works at the time, in which the boys teach the island's native inhabitants their allegedly superior British values.


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[Assistant] Golding's satire even goes so far as to explicitly use the setting and character names from R.M. Ballantine's Coral Island, one of the most beloved island adventure novels. But while Ballantine's book promised readers pleasure, profit, and unbounded amusement, Golding's had darker things in store.


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[Assistant] Lord of the Flies opens with the boys already on the island, but snippets of conversation hint at their terrifying journey.


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[Assistant] The boys, ranging in age from 6 to 13, are strangers to each other. All except for a choir, clad in black uniforms and led by a boy named Jack.


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[Assistant] Just as in Ballantine's Coral Island, the boy's new home appears to be a paradise with fresh water, shelter, and abundant food sources.


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[Assistant] But even from the novel's opening pages, a macabre darkness hangs over this seemingly tranquil situation.


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[Assistant] The boy's shadows are compared to black, bat-like creatures, while the choir itself first appears as something dark, fumbling along the beach.


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[Assistant] From these ominous beginnings, Golding's narrative reveals how quickly cooperation unravels without the presence of an adult authority. Initially, the survivors try to establish some sense of order.


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[Assistant] But as Jack vies for leadership with Ralph, the group splinters, and the boys submit to their darker urges. The mob of children soon forgets their plans for rescue, silences the few voices of reason, and blindly follows Jack to the edge of the island and the edge of sanity.


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[Assistant] The novel's universal themes of morality, civility, and society have made it a literary classic, satirizing both conventions of its time and long-held beliefs about humanity.


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[Assistant] While island adventure stories often support colonialism, Lord of the Flies turns this trope on its head. Rather than cruelly casting native populations as stereotypical savages, Golding transforms his angelic British schoolboys into savage caricatures.


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[Assistant] And as the boys fight their own battle on the island, the far more destructive war that brought them there continues off the page. Even if the boys were to be rescued from themselves, what kind of world would they be returning to?


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[Assistant] With so few references to anchor the characters in a specific place or period, the novel feels truly timeless— an examination of human nature at its most bare.


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[Assistant] And though not all readers may agree with Golding's grim view, Lord of the Flies is unsettling enough to challenge even the most determined optimist.


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[Assistant] Can you preserve your mind in a society where free will, self-expression, and curiosity are punishable offenses?


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[Assistant] Continue exploring this classic conundrum with our video on Fahrenheit 451.


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[Assistant] Well that's the throttle, and that's what makes the boat go fast or slow. Okay, watch as I push it forward. You can feel the boat start going faster.


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[Assistant] Have you brushed your teeth? You know, it's very important to brush them every day. Yes. Yes I have. And you Moon?


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[Assistant] Well, uh, this is on the surface, but actually, you know, Huber is visible. Huber is actually collecting information around the neighborhood through this way. Here's what I put for 80.


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[Assistant] You suffer from something bad, so I add salt to the wood. Like, uh, you failed the exams, or you broke up with your boy.


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[Assistant] Okay, so, uh, pull over, remember? Pull over, pull over. Please man, pull over you. It's like, stock a car.


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[Assistant] Okay, so first one is like, they're innocent. Second one, uh, the problem is serious, so I have to deal with that. Okay, listen again.


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[Assistant] Back to sautéing, and this is something that I really love to do. Wiener Schnitzel from Austria. It can be made with pork, veal, chicken schnitzel of course, even beef. You have a really wide range of opportunities to prepare something that's simple, nutritious, quick, and flavorful.


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[Assistant] Uh, this is the top sirloin off of a, of a leg. And I'm going to cut it to an, a scallop or a scallopine. Um, and then we're going to pound it out using our mallet again, but this time using the spiked end of the mallet because we want to break the tendons


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[Assistant] So I'm going to get a piece that's approximately six ounces. And I've started in the back there at an angle to get more.


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[Assistant] So I'm not pounding it so much. I'm already getting into a specific thickness which is going to allow me to pound it without demolishing the meat. You can see that?


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[Assistant] Now we can do this two ways. A piece of cling wrap, a piece of plastic wrap, or what I like to use, because it's a little thicker, is a large food bag.


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[Assistant] So we want to get it probably about an eighth of an inch thick.


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[Assistant] I'd get six orders of Wienerschnitzel at once and I'd be deep, deep with problems trying to control six saute pans at the same time. Okay, so we have our beautiful Wienerschnitzel there.


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[Assistant] So we have our schnitzel pounded out. We're going to bread it. We have flour.


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[Assistant] Breadcrumbs. And this is just the version of breadcrumbs that we brought in the grocery store. Panko could be used as well. And then of course our egg, our egg wash.


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[Assistant] Souffleing, and that's one of the things we want to have happen. We want to have the breading separate a little bit from the veal, and that's the sign of a true, uh, well-prepared Wiener schnitzel.


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[Assistant] You can season the egg wash.


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[Assistant] Liberally, and therefore we don't have to actually season the schnitzel.


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[Assistant] Get this in the right order here. Flour first, egg second, and then breadcrumbs. In the meantime, I'm gonna put some oil in our saute pan.


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[Assistant] For more surface heat, so the more oil that I have, the more surface it's covering.


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[Assistant] We're going to spritz it with water. A little trick that we learned recently from an Austrian. Spritzing it with water brings a little more moisture to the surface of the meat. And that moisture will steam and help separate the breading from the meat. As I pointed out earlier,


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[Assistant] That is the sign of a true schnitzel when you get that red crust above the meat. So this will help it.


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[Assistant] Evenly dusted with flour. This is all purpose flour.


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[Assistant] And our egg. Watching our pan. Watching our oil. You can also begin to smell it as it heats up.


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[Assistant] Whenever I'm starting to sauté, I'm going to have it on high heat, just so I can accelerate, uh, that heating of the oil. And then as I start to add my


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[Assistant] Ingredients to it, whatever they may be, I'll modify that heat.


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[Assistant] Beautiful. Again, you saw the egg wash.


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[Assistant] Didn't really adhere that much because of the water. And that's something very important to remember when you're using egg wash.


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[Assistant] There's always that question, how much can you do ahead?


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[Assistant] Our chef at the Clark Cookhouse would never, ever let us spread our schnitzel ahead of time. They were always had to be done to order.


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[Assistant] Which was a little bit tricky. Uh, when I, when I say that, I mean these were hours ahead. Can you do several of these at once and have them sit for a few minutes? Certainly. Can you have them sit for half an hour? Probably.


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[Assistant] You notice I use a spoon as a utensil for many different things.


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[Assistant] It reduces the amount of tools I need around me, gives me more versatility in what I'm doing.


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[Assistant] You could use a palette knife if you like to as well to turn your things. I just like the spoon. I have much more control. The closer I am to the cooking surface, uh, the, the, the, the better I feel about it.


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[Assistant] The classic garnish for our wiener schnitzel is going to be lemon and parsley.


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[Assistant] Mmm. I hope I've made my Austrian friends proud.


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[Assistant] It is Mophie. Why don't you spend the night here and set off again early tomorrow? I will look after you.


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[Assistant] We're at the neighborhood pool for my first swim class. Do you know how to swim?


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[Assistant] Listen to the lifeguard. That's Prince Tuesday. No running.


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[Assistant] Like this, splish, splash, splish, splash. Just like that.


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[Assistant] And I'll have more ideas for you. And you'll have things you'll want to talk about.


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[Assistant] Uh, as a poet once said, in the sweetness of friendship, let there be laughter and sharing of pleasures for...


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[Assistant] Uh, as the poet once said, in the sweetness of friendship, let there be laughter and sharing of pleasures for...


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[Assistant] Just trying to, uh, trying to get this point. This is where we can get a passion. Be passionate sometimes. You know, just...


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[Assistant] Semi means half. You see, yeah, semi-semester, uh, semi-something, in the middle, half. Not very serious, but yeah, a little bit serious.


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[Assistant] And, uh, she's gonna plug a pipe.


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[Assistant] Uh, 20 to 40 minutes dropping and the whole bottle of the liquid will flow into your blood vessel. This is fluids, fluids.


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[Assistant] You gonna make me choose between you and the half? I choose the half. Good choice. Thanks. Okay, look.


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[Assistant] I could have, yeah, but to give objective resonance to the fact that I was offering free, I might add, legal advice, I thought it would be good to mention that I am in fact a lawyer.


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[Assistant] I don't have to miss being a boss because I am a boss.


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[Assistant] You're smart because you're my daughter, but I forgot more than you know. I love you, but I will take you down.


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[Assistant] Make sure they don't think that I'm like doing this. Hey babe! Yo, what up? I made some breakfast if you want some.


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[Assistant] Well, essentially, I am just taking my life experiences and sharing them with people.


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[Assistant] Let me explain to you why I'm an inspiration. Somebody like Michelle Obama. She's the GOAT. Obviously. We all love her.


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[Assistant] Untouchable, I will put respect on her name forever, but


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[Assistant] She's royalty, right? The woman hasn't driven a car in 15 years. I'm in the trenches with working moms doing the damn thing every day.


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[Assistant] Why don't you just get rid of her? We can't just get rid of Lupe, okay? That $25 an hour we pay her barely supports her family back in Guatemala. How much are we paying her? Besides,


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[Assistant] Well, since you asked, I have an interview with Sister Circle and then a couple phoneers and then the Boys Parent Teacher Conference. Wow.


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[Assistant] Ask me how many times he's been to a parent-teacher conference. You know what? Let me save you the energy and tell you never. Not once.


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[Assistant] Because black women never get a chance to have a second act.


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[Assistant] Which makes sense if you think about our first act because that was crazy.


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[Assistant] So you wanna know why I'm gonna take my second act now? I'm gonna tell you why. Because this is the first time in history that we have had the opportunity and the freedom to be doctors, to be lawyers, to be senators, to even run for president.


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[Assistant] Like he's just in my grill all day. I feel not even comfortable in my own house because he's just watching every little move fucking micromanaging me. This morning, he was mad because I didn't physically take the kids to school. I mean, who cares?


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[Assistant] I don't, it's not that, but I do not know what his problem is. I mean, I kept at my end of the bargain, right? I like, didn't work for a while, but now I am contributing financially again, because of the book, and now I've regained some of the ground that I lost to him, but he's now just fucking with me. Wait, sorry, you lost ground?


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[Assistant] And you remember, Jazz, I mean, I was the one who was making more money. I was the breadwinner.


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[Assistant] And I gotta be the Hollywood wife and arm candy whether I like it or not, right?


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[Assistant] And I'm the smart, pretty lawyer that elevates his game. So why can't I use the same thing to elevate my game now?


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[Assistant] But the only reason I barely kept it together was because you needed me to.


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[Assistant] Well, this not working for you is not working for me. Of course. So like instead of just...


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[Assistant] Being weird? Why not just come talk to me about the way you're feeling?


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[Assistant] I can't believe that you would think that and then say it out loud.


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[Assistant] Wouldn't it kind of be on my partner, my husband, that's the father of my six kids to like, support me, like talk me through that, figure my shit out with me, instead of just like,


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[Assistant] Okay, you know what? I'm, I'm, I'm just gonna walk away now because this is about to get ugly. I'm gonna take my...


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[Assistant] Basketball wife, John Grishamas, upstairs, take a bath, have a glass of wine,


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[Assistant] He got you thinking this is a great idea? Mhm.


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[Assistant] So, you know how in most marriages, there's like a balance? If one person eats too much, then the other person eats like a bird. Or if one person drinks too much, then the other one's sober. Yeah, that's not our parents.


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[Assistant] Ross, didn't you say that there was, uhm, an elevator in here?


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[Assistant] What a nice day! Yes, it is.


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[Assistant] What a nice day! Yes, it is.


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[Assistant] I called him my friend, the best friend that I ever had! I love that guy more than my own life!


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[Assistant] The dude hunts crocodiles and got killed by a stingray?


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[Assistant] Izzy's always pushing me around. But not this trip. This time, I'm gonna stick up for myself. You know what, Izzy? I don't think you understand. It is not okay to ju-


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[Assistant] Mofie! Mofie! Harry? There's snow all over the forest and the animals can't find anything to eat. Will you help me take some food to them? Of course I will.


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[Assistant] We need shovels today. You go get them. I'll see who's under the snow.


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[Assistant] The enemy is from Shikine Island. Monika can testify to it.


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[Assistant] All I ask of you is your recognition. How damaged is your nightmare?


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[Assistant] And you're a mother of six kids. This is our platform. This is where we live. This is our Tuesday.


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[Assistant] Anyway, I represent two of the wives of the defensive linemen for the 49ers. I also represent a few NBA wives. Steve Harvey's first wife.


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[Assistant] That was just my friend who used to do lean. He ran down all the symptoms. We have a serious problem.


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[Assistant] You believe that? That women can be the match of men?


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[Assistant] That women can be the match of men.


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[Assistant] But just like those early Pankration athletes, you can't keep a good one down. And 1500 years later, in 1896, the modern Olympic Games kicked off in Athens, Greece.


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[Assistant] Today, the Summer and Winter Olympics bring international world-class athletes together by the thousands, uniting fans by the billions for the world's foremost sporting competition.


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[Assistant] Sitius, Altius, Fortius. Three cheers for the Olympics.


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[Assistant] In truth, we didn't think we'd need you mercenaries at all.


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[Assistant] Ogi? This is Hanku, requesting landing clearance. We've brought Her Majesty and Lady Kaguya with us. Uh, right. Then I'll contact Schneisel's staff as well.


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[Assistant] You call weakness? That was the source of your strength. Gentleness and compassion are what drove you. Take those away and there's nothing left but violence. Which means...


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[Assistant] You will die here, Suzaku Kururugi.


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[Assistant] His majesty is in the safest possible place. For now we-


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[Assistant] I need to find out for sure. From Lelouch. Otherwise, I'll never, I'll never be able to move on.


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[Assistant] Hi, welcome back. Again, my name is Paul Gruber and this is the Pronunciation Workshop's fifth training session. We are really moving along.


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[Assistant] In this session we will cover the L sound, which happens to be another important speech sound.


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[Assistant] Depending on your native language, some speakers have a very difficult time with the L sound. L sounds are actually very easy.


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[Assistant] Here are a few things to remember. Number one, when you were saying a word which begins with an L, your mouth should be wide open and your jaw should be down like this. That's an easy one.


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[Assistant] Number two, your tongue should rise up and push just behind your top teeth, like this.


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[Assistant] Ohhhh. Notice my mouth is open. Ohhhh. Number three, and this is the important part, you produce the L sound by dropping and relaxing your tongue.


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[Assistant] Laa, laa, laa, like that.


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[Assistant] Now again you'll notice that my mouth and jaw are open. This is key.


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[Assistant] La la la. What I don't want you to do is to be moving your jaw along with your tongue. I don't want you to be doing this. La la la. Your jaw should not be moving at all. Keep it open.


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[Assistant] Here's a trick that may help you. Take your finger and put it in your mouth and pull down hard on your lower teeth and force your mouth open and your jaw down like this.


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[Assistant] Now, while your jaw is down, bring your tongue tip all the way up behind your teeth and do this.


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[Assistant] And that's what I want. I want your jaw to stay down, your mouth to stay open, and your tongue to rise up independently of your jaw.


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[Assistant] La la la, like that. And that's how you produce a beautiful and clear L.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's do some practice. Repeat these words beginning with the letter L. Here we go. Lunch. Local. London. Learn. Large. Life. Lobby. Library. Lucky. Lift. Laugh. Long. Very good.


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[Assistant] Here are some words with L in the middle of them. When you say these words, focus on the L sound and really push them out. Inflation. Believe. Volume. Glue. Elevator. Solve. Pulling. Flood. Delete.


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[Assistant] Let's talk about when L falls at the end of a word.


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[Assistant] This is a big problem for many foreign speakers, so pay close attention to this. To produce an L sound at the end of a word, keep in mind that the sound of the L comes from the movement of the tongue rising. It does not come from the placement of the tongue, but from the actual movement. Watch me as I say this word.


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[Assistant] Hell. The L comes from the movement of my tongue.


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[Assistant] You may want to use that finger trick again. Put your finger in your mouth, pull down on your lower teeth, and slowly say the word. The only thing that should be moving is your tongue should be coming up.


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[Assistant] Hail. Your jaw should not be moving at all. Let your tongue rise up. Hail.


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[Assistant] If you're having difficulty, practice this in front of a mirror and watch your jaw and your tongue. And be sure you don't produce the L sound by closing your mouth, which many foreign speakers do.


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[Assistant] Hell. Hell. See how my mouth is closing? Hell. You don't want to do that. That produces a weak L and to an American listener it is not clear and you may not be understood.


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[Assistant] Let's start and practice these words ending with L's. Here we go. Will. Ball. Tall.


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[Assistant] Powerful. Control. Financial. People.


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[Assistant] Notice in this last word, people, it's not pronounced people with your tongue not moving. It's people with your tongue slowly moving up and your jaw remaining down. Stretch out that L sound. People like that.


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[Assistant] Here are some sentences that have many L's in them. Listen careful to my example and then repeat.


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[Assistant] Don't forget to push your tongue behind your upper teeth and to use strong L sounds. Here we go.


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[Assistant] The lollipop fell into the cool water.


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[Assistant] Her driver's license was pulled out of the blue golf bag.


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[Assistant] Blake's bowling ball.


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[Assistant] Fell under his tools.


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[Assistant] Carl could not locate the lemons or the limes.


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[Assistant] The school was a mile away from the hill.


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[Assistant] The golf club was made of steel.


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[Assistant] Al's goal was to play baseball with Carol.


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[Assistant] A certified letter was delivered for the enrollment list.


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[Assistant] It was revealing to look at the smiling lawyer. Very good.


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[Assistant] Here we are combining two sounds that we have already covered. The F sound and now the L sound. Don't forget to first bite your lip for that F.


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[Assistant] Said the flea, let us fly. Said the fly, let us flee. So they flew through a flaw in the flu.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's do that one more time, this time a little bit faster.


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[Assistant] A flea and a fly flew up in a flu. Said the flea, let us fly. Said the fly, let us flee. So they flew through a flaw in the flu. Very good.


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[Assistant] Okay, these next sentences all have the word will in them. The word will may be difficult for you because it has that final L sound. Remember, try to keep your mouth open, your jaw down as your tongue rises up. By doing this, you will produce a good final L sound.


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[Assistant] Again, if you're having difficulty, try looking in a mirror. Use your finger and push down on your bottom teeth as you say the word will, like that. This will force you to keep your bottom jaw down as your tongue moves up. Here we go.


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[Assistant] Will you empty the garbage?


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[Assistant] Will you ask her to clean the kitchen?


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[Assistant] Will you prepare a meal for the children?


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[Assistant] When will you begin your studies at college?


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[Assistant] When will she purchase the dress for her wedding?


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[Assistant] Why will he ask them to stay late at work?


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[Assistant] Why will she bring her baby to the meeting?


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[Assistant] How will they know if our flight is delayed?


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[Assistant] Where will the child be going next year?


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[Assistant] Where will they put all of the pillows?


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[Assistant] What will she do with the millions of dollars she won?


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[Assistant] Very good. Now some Japanese and Chinese speakers in particular have difficulty distinguishing between the L sound and the R sound.


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[Assistant] Now that we have covered both of these sounds, I would like to go over some paired words containing these sounds.


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[Assistant] Keep in mind when you produce an L, your tongue moves forward and up behind your teeth.


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[Assistant] Ohhhh. When you produce an R sound, your lips move forward, but your tongue moves all the way back. Rrrrr. Basically, the L and the R are completely opposite sounds. Listen carefully and repeat these paired words.


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[Assistant] Grass. Glass.


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[Assistant] Okay, I call these next words LR combinations. These words and phrases have an L sound and an R sound right next to each other. This forces you to make a clear L and then roll it right into a strong R. Here we go. Repeat after me. Seal ring. Toll road. Already. Civil rights.


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[Assistant] Rail road. Rivalry. Coral reef. Jewelry. School room. Gravel road.


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[Assistant] Very good. As you can see, L's are a very important sound when it comes to speaking understandable English. You should review this material a few times for practice. Have fun and I'll see you next time. I'm Paul Gruber with the Pronunciation Workshop. Goodbye.


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[Assistant] For 3 billion people around the world, seafood provides a significant source of protein and nutrition. But recent studies show that 33% of wild fisheries are over-fished, while another 60% are fished at their maximum capacity.


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[Assistant] In fact, over half the seafood we eat, from thin fish and shellfish to seaweed and algae, isn't caught in the wild.


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[Assistant] It's grown through aquaculture or aquatic farming.


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[Assistant] Farmed seafood is one of the fastest growing food industries, expanding in volume by 5.8% each year.


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[Assistant] But different methods of aquaculture come with different advantages and issues, some of which echo the serious problems we've seen in industrial agriculture.


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[Assistant] What aquaculture approaches are we currently using and what does a sustainable way to farm the ocean really look like?


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[Assistant] One of the most common aquaculture methods involves large pens made of nets, where fish are farmed offshore in floating cages, roughly a thousand square meters in size.


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[Assistant] Commonly employed off the coast of Chile and in the fjords of Norway, these fish, like many industrially farmed animals, occupy stressful, overcrowded pens. They produce massive amounts of waste, polluting the surrounding areas and potentially spreading diseases to wild species.


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[Assistant] Worse still, since the antibiotics employed to fight disease aren't fully absorbed by the fish, they get excreted back into the environment. Net pens are also susceptible to escapes.


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[Assistant] Unleashing huge numbers of fish which compete for resources and weaken the local gene pool with genes adapted for captivity.


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[Assistant] Escaped fish can even disrupt local ecosystems as invasive species.


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[Assistant] Other techniques, such as man-made coastal ponds commonly used for shrimp farming in Southeast Asia, create additional environmental problems. Just like net pens, these ponds are prone to spreading pollution and disease.


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[Assistant] Their construction also frequently destroys important ecosystems like mangroves and marshes, which protect coastal areas from storms, provide habitats, and absorb tons of greenhouse gases.


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[Assistant] One way to solve these problems is to farm fish on land in completely contained systems. Tanks and raceways can recirculate and filter water to prevent pollution.


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[Assistant] But even fully contained facilities still contend with another major hurdle, fish meal. About 10% of the seafood caught globally is used to feed animals, including carnivorous farmed fish.


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[Assistant] Researchers are working on fish feed made of insects and plant-based proteins. But for now, many inland fish farms are connected to overfishing.


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[Assistant] All these obstacles can make sustainable aquaculture feel a long way off, but innovative farmers are finding new ways to responsibly farm the seas.


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[Assistant] The most promising solution of all may be to look lower on the food chain. Instead of cramming large carnivorous fish into pens, we can work with natural ocean systems to produce huge amounts of shellfish and seaweeds.


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[Assistant] These low maintenance flora and fauna don't need to be fed at all. In fact, they naturally improve water quality, filtering it as they feed off of sunlight and nutrients in the seawater.


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[Assistant] By absorbing carbon through photosynthesis, these farms help battle climate change and reduce local ocean acidification while creating habitats for other species to thrive.


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[Assistant] Shifting to restorative ocean farming could provide good jobs for coastal communities and support healthy plant and shellfish based diets that have an incredibly low carbon footprint.


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[Assistant] With the right distribution network, a series of small farms, collectively the size of Washington State, could feed the planet.


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[Assistant] Farms like these are already popping up around the globe, and a new generation of farmers is stepping up to pursue a more sustainable future.


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[Assistant] Done properly, regenerative ocean farming could play a vital role in helping our oceans, our climate and ourselves.


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[Assistant] If overfishing continues at its current rate, will the ocean ever run out of fish? Check out this video to learn more.