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[Assistant] Because we both have our own specialties but also overlap into each other's areas, uhm, it really provides for this nice like, you know, uhm,


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[Assistant] It's hard because I think no matter who you work with, like, you have to figure out, and this is actually more even for employees, it's like, uhm, your relationship is going to be a long one, right? And if you're in the entrepreneurship world, like, your best ally is sitting next to you. And you need to make sure to like cherish that relationship because that's what gets you to the next level.


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[Assistant] I'm looking back by the way just to finish off the thought, like, I can't imagine starting a company without a co-founder. I said that to you today.


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[Assistant] It's such a hard job to get off the ground. It's such a hard job to like recruit people to deal with whether it's investors or press. Having someone across the way to be like, man, this really bummed me out or how do you think about this? Like, I actually think that's one of the things that has kept us going in, you know, 4 or 5 a.m.


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[Assistant] We are like the herb which flourisheth most when trampled upon.


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[Assistant] Judgment is always done very quickly if the judge decides beforehand.


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[Assistant] The spectacle of victory is even more terrible than the spectacle of battle.


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[Assistant] Subtle politics often puts on the guise of the greatest innocence, just as sometimes real courage is hidden under the most modest appearance.


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[Assistant] Ignorance, ignorance and superstition are the only true misfortunes.


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[Assistant] A rich man may have his quirks because he has the money to pay for them.


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[Assistant] Success or failure in business is caused more by the mental attitude, even than by mental capacities.


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[Assistant] Praise be to the Lord God who gave us the ability to laugh and make others laugh.


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[Assistant] Tears are the softening showers which cause the seed of heaven to spring up in their human heart.


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[Assistant] If people do not learn to help each other, then the human race will disappear from the face of the earth.


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[Assistant] Blessed be his name, who hath appointed the quiet night to follow the busy day, and the calm sleep to refresh the wearied limbs and to compose the troubled spirit.


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[Assistant] Come he slow or come he fast. It is but death that comes at last.


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[Assistant] Any authority that is not recognized by reason is powerless.


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[Assistant] One or two of these scoundrel statesmen should be shot once a year, just to keep the others on their good behavior.


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[Assistant] People often blame fate for what is a direct consequence of their own violent passions.


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[Assistant] The lovers of the chase say that the hare feels more agony during the pursuit of the greyhounds than when she is struggling in their fangs.


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[Assistant] Whoever realizes his innocence, he reluctantly stoops to excuses.


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[Assistant] He that climbs the tall tree has one right to the fruit. He that leaps the wide gulf should prevail in his suit.


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[Assistant] How early can what we most despise and hate approach in an outward manner to that which we most venerate?


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[Assistant] As long as ambition and lust for power rule the hearts of some men, there will be no lasting peace on Earth. War, unfortunately, is the human condition.


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[Assistant] Emotional agitation makes us forget about caution, and we discover such feelings that in a calmer time we would try to hide, if not able to completely suppress them.


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[Assistant] Peace is an inestimable jewel, but it will be soon snatched from those who are not prepared with heart and hand to defend it.


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[Assistant] And you can create for the world a destiny more sublime.


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[Assistant] There are a few more melancholy sensations than those with which we regard scenes of past pleasure when altered and deserted.


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[Assistant] Hello, little field mouse. Let's play! Yes! Follow me!


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[Assistant] These roots look like a whole different tree.


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[Assistant] Well, yes, but then we found different fun things to do, and that was even better!


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[Assistant] I think the key problem with venture capital is first of all you're spending other people's money.


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[Assistant] When you're spending your own money, you care very deeply about this. When we're hiring a new person at 37 Signal, I'm spending my money. I'm gonna get a lesser dividends check at the end of the year.


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[Assistant] Do you think I care then about which person I'm gonna hire?


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[Assistant] Do you think I'm just gonna hire some bozo just to fill up the org chart or to impress somebody else, the press? I don't know. No. That's not worth 120 grand. I guarantee you that. Uhm, secondly, when it's your own money, you want to make more of it faster.


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[Assistant] Which usually means that you can't just put out a product, a product that doesn't have a price.


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[Assistant] You can't just sit idly by. Oh, uhm, we got like two million eyeballs after two years. It's like really cool.


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[Assistant] You need to have an actual product that has an actual price so you can make actual profits.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and being forced to get to that point sooner is the best thing for a business. The worst thing for a business is when you have no constraints.


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[Assistant] When you just have, as long as the timeline as those five million will carry you, uh, you're gonna make a lot of terrible, terrible decisions. And you're gonna waste a lot of time when it just doesn't matter. Because you don't have that sense of urgency. The urgency you get from...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spending your own money and earning your own money is the most powerful driving force for an entrepreneur. So uhm, get there.


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[Assistant] Yep, I think that, uh, there is no inherent


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[Assistant] Correlation between, uh, revenues and employee account.


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[Assistant] There's no inherent correlation between number of stupid policies and revenue growth.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but yet it seems like there is. Because a lot of big companies, uhm, work in really silly ways.


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[Assistant] Uh, and people think that, oh, well, I guess I gotta be that. I guess I gotta do the meeting thing and hire the business development guy and all this other chrome that most businesses in my mind do not need, uh, but think they need to, to get there. I think that these two things can be absolutely disconnected. We're serving, uh, over 3 million people have been using our products. Wow. We're 15 people. Like, there's no way you can get that without being scalable.


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[Assistant] And I think this is exactly the point. I think exactly the point is that you should build something scalable. And scalable in my mind means that there's not a direct correlation. It's not a one to one. You don't add


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's how we're trying to design our business.


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[Assistant] Doesn't have to be a correlation between these things. So it doesn't have to be a correlation between the structure and your revenues.


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[Assistant] Fun and educa- Fun educational. You don't have to use that.


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[Assistant] Let's jump in to talk about the self-attention mechanism of transformers. If you can get the main idea behind this video, you understand the most important core idea behind what makes transformer networks work. Let's jump in.


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[Assistant] You've seen how attention is used with sequential neural networks such as RNNs. To use attention with a style more like CNNs, you need to calculate self-attention where you create attention-based representations for each of the words in your input sentence.


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[Assistant] Let's use our running example, Jane Vizic-Lefique on September. Our goal will be for each word to compute an attention-based representation like this.


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[Assistant] So we end up with five of these, since our sentence has five words.


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[Assistant] And when we've computed them, we'll call the five representations with these five words, A1 through A5.


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[Assistant] And I know you're starting to see a bunch of symbols Q, K, and V.


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[Assistant] We'll explain what these symbols mean in a later slide, so don't worry about them for now.


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[Assistant] The running example I'm going to use is take the word the freak in this sentence.


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[Assistant] We'll step through on the next slide how the transformer network's self-attention mechanism allows you to compute A, V,


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[Assistant] For this word, and then you do the same thing for the other words in the sentence as well.


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[Assistant] Now you learned previously about word embeddings, and so one way to represent Lefreq would be to just look up the word embedding for Lefreq.


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[Assistant] But depending on the context, are we thinking of Lafrique or Africa as a site of historical interests or as a holiday destination?


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[Assistant] Depending on how you're thinking of La Fille, you may choose to represent it differently. And that's what this representation A Fille will do. It will look at the surrounding words.


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[Assistant] To try to figure out what's actually going on in how we're talking about Africa in this sentence and find the most appropriate representation for this.


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[Assistant] In terms of the actual calculation, it won't be too different from the attention mechanism you saw previously as applied in the context of RNNs.


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[Assistant] Except we'll compute these representations in parallel for all five words in a sentence. So when we're building attention on top of RNNs, this was the equation we used.


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[Assistant] With the self-attention mechanism, the attention equation is instead going to look like this. So you can see the equations have some similarity. The inner term here,


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[Assistant] Also involves a softmax, just like this term over here on the left. And you can think of the exponent terms


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[Assistant] As being akin to attention values. Exactly how these terms are worked out, you see in the next slide. So again, don't worry about the details just yet. But the main difference is that for every word,


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[Assistant] And these vectors are the key inputs to computing the attention value for each word. Now,


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[Assistant] Let's step through the steps needed to actually calculate A3.


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[Assistant] On this side, let's step through the computations you need to go from the word the freak.


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[Assistant] To the self-attention representation a3. For reference, I've also printed up here on the upper right that softmax-like equation from the previous slide.


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[Assistant] First, we're going to associate each of the words with three values called the query key and value pairs. So if x3 is the word embedding for the freak, the way that q3 is computed


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[Assistant] So these matrices WQ, WK, and WV are parameters of


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[Assistant] This learning algorithm and they allow you to pull up these query key and value vectors for each word. So what are these query key and value vectors supposed to do? They were named using a loose analogy to concept and databases where you can have queries and also key value pairs.


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[Assistant] If you're familiar with those types of databases, the analogy may make sense to you, but if you're not familiar with that database concept, don't worry about it.


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[Assistant] Let me give one intuition behind the intent of these query key and value vectors. Q3


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[Assistant] Is a question that you get to ask about Le Freq. So Q3 may represent a question like what's happening there.


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[Assistant] So Africa, Lafrique is a destination, so you might want to know when computing A3, what's happening there.


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[Assistant] And what we're going to do is compute the inner product.


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[Assistant] Between Q3 and K1, between query 3 and key 1. And this will tell us how good is an answer, words 1, to the question of what's happening in Africa.


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[Assistant] And then we computed the inner product between Q3 and K2, and this is intended to tell us how good is the zet an answer to the question of what's happening in Africa.


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[Assistant] And so on for the other words in the sequence. And the goal of this operation is to pull up the most information is needed to help us compute the most useful representation A3 up here. So again, just for intuition building, if K1 represents that


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[Assistant] This word is a person, because Jane is a person, and K2 represents that the second word, vizit, is an action. Then you may find that Q3 inner-productive with K2 has the largest value.


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[Assistant] And this maybe intuitive example might suggest that visit gives you the most relevant context for what's happening in Africa, which is that, you know, it's viewed as a destination for a visit. So what we will do is take these five values in this row and compute the softmax over them. So that's actually this softmax over here.


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[Assistant] And in the example that we've been talking about, Q3 times K2 corresponding to the word vizit maybe has the largest value. So I'm going to shade that blue over here.


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[Assistant] Then finally we're going to take these softmax values and multiply them with v1, which is the value for word 1, the value for word 2, and so on. And so these values


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[Assistant] Correspond to that value up there.


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[Assistant] Finally, we sum it all up. So this summation corresponds to this summation operator. And so adding up all of these values gives you a three, which is just equal to this value here.


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[Assistant] V, but sometimes it would be more convenient to just write A3 like that.


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[Assistant] And the key advantage of this representation is the word of lafrique isn't some fixed word embedding. Instead, it lets the self-attention mechanism realize that lafrique is the destination of a visite of a visit and thus computes a richer


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[Assistant] More useful representation for this word.


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[Assistant] Now I've been using the third word, the freak as a running example, but you could use this process for all five words in your sequence to get similarly rich representations. So Jane, visit the freak on September.


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[Assistant] And if you put all of these five computations together, the notation used in literature looks like this, where you can summarize all of these computations that we just talked about for all the words in the sequence by writing attention


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[Assistant] Compress or vectorize representation of


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[Assistant] This equation up here, the term in the denominator


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[Assistant] It's just to scale the dot product so it doesn't explode. You don't really need to worry about it.


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[Assistant] But another name for this type of attention is the scaled dot product attention.


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[Assistant] And this is the one represented in the original Transformer architecture paper. Attention is all you need as well.


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[Assistant] So that's the self-attention mechanism of the transformer network.


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[Assistant] To recap, associated with each of the words, each of the five words, you end up with a query, a key, and a value. The query lets you ask a question about that word, such as, what's happening in Africa?


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[Assistant] The key looks at all of the other words and by the similarity to the query helps you figure out which word gives the most relevant answer to that question. And in this case, visit is what's happening in Africa. Someone's visiting Africa. And then finally the value allows the representation to plug in


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[Assistant] That says this is Africa and someone is visiting Africa and this is a much more nuanced, much richer representation for the word than if you just had to pull up the same fixed word embedding for every single word without being able to adapt it based on what words are.


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[Assistant] To the left and to the right of that word without being able to take into account any of the context.


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[Assistant] Now you have learned about the self-attention mechanism. We're going to put a big for loop over this whole thing and that will be the multi-headed attention mechanism. Let's dive into the details of that in the next video.


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[Assistant] So, I've got some tips that I'm going to give you. If you do follow all of my English listening tips, then you should be able to start to understand native speakers more easily and more effectively.


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[Assistant] We've got a lot to cover in the lesson, so let's get started. There's a word that I'm going to be using a lot in this lesson, and it is variety.


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[Assistant] Well, I know a lot of you come to me and say, Lucy, I want to learn British English, and to do that, I'm only going to listen to British speakers. But in my opinion, that's not the right thing to do. You are going to meet people from all over the world.


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[Assistant] I want you to listen to as many accents as possible.


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[Assistant] And when you're doing that, I want you to think about the different sounds that each accent makes. I made a video with the lovely Anna from English Like a Native about the differences between our accents. Lots of students found that really, really helpful because there's not one definitive way of speaking English. There are lots of variations.


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[Assistant] English spoken in New Zealand is very different to English spoken in America, for example. So you need to be able to recognise more or less everything and diversify.


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[Assistant] You're English. Focusing on that word variety again, I want to talk to you about resources. For my next point, I want you to ask yourself a question. I want you to answer it to yourself honestly. How much time do you actually dedicate to practicing and improving your listening skills? Answer it honestly.


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[Assistant] I want you to start practising. Honestly, practice makes perfect. You're not going to suddenly wake up and be perfect at listening. It takes time.


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[Assistant] It takes dedication and it's a quarter skill for a reason. It's something that you have to develop principally on your own and also with help from others. But what is listening practice? You might be asking me. Well, I've got lots of recommendations for you, which brings me to my next point.


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[Assistant] This is great, but I think you can take it a step further. Maybe you're watching programmes with English subtitles. That's good, but you don't want to rely on the subtitles. I want you to learn with your ears and not with your eyes. So what I recommend you do to take your listening to the next level


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[Assistant] Probably more achievable with programs, short ones. I would recommend that you aim for something that's less than 30 minutes.


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[Assistant] So you could try a comedy like Friends, which is American English, or maybe BBC News and you can just watch the headlines, which would be British English pronunciation. So I want you to watch it first with no subtitles. See how much you can understand.


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[Assistant] And then I want you to watch it again with subtitles and see what you did pick up and what you didn't pick up.


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[Assistant] So, one really, really good tip that often gets overlooked is use audiobooks. Reading is great for building your vocabulary, but it doesn't do much for your listening skills because what a book does not offer you is a pronunciation guide, normally. I'm sure some exist that do.


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[Assistant] So, I would like you to start listening to audiobooks. Pick a book that is interesting and relevant to you. Judge it by your level. If you're quite a low level, choose a children's book.


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[Assistant] If you're more intermediate, maybe go something for teenagers. And if you're advanced,


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[Assistant] Listen to a section and then read it. Listen to another and then read it.


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[Assistant] This is a wonderful way of improving your listening comprehension. The best website for audiobooks is Audible and if you click in the link in the description box,


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[Assistant] You can get a free audiobook and a 30-day trial. There's absolutely no catch, so try it out and see if it works for you. One resource that often gets overlooked is...


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[Assistant] Find something that you're interested in. Maybe you're interested in gossip, celebrities, science, current affairs. Search for it in English and start listening to it. My next point is multitask. Unlike reading or watching TV,


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[Assistant] Listening is something that you can do whilst you do something else. So once you've found your ideal resource, start to build a sort of pack of resources on your smartphone or your computer that you can take with you. So if you have a long car journey, on the way to work, on public transport,


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[Assistant] Whilst you're doing something else like cooking, something you don't have to concentrate on, listen to something in English.


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[Assistant] Now that links back to my question, how much time do you actually dedicate to practising your English? So say you spend half an hour travelling to work each day and half an hour travelling back home each day.


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[Assistant] And you listen to something in English for the entirety of those journeys. Each week, you will be doing five hours of listening practice.


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[Assistant] That's amazing. If you do that, you will definitely improve in no time. The really great thing is that you're doing something productive and maybe learning about another topic through English that you wouldn't normally do. So it's really a win-win situation. My next tip is do not translate.


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[Assistant] Do not translate. When you're speaking to someone in person, I want you to listen for context. Something I always say to my students is fluency over accuracy. Now I speak Spanish fluently.


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[Assistant] But I do not speak it 100% accurately. I have no problems with listening, I have no problems with understanding, and I have no problems with communicating.


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[Assistant] You'd find quite a few. It's really important to understand that you don't need it to be perfect. You don't need to understand every single word. You need to understand context and general meaning.


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[Assistant] If you spend too much time analysing each word, the conversation or monologue will have moved on by the time you finally understood the word that you were focusing on.


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[Assistant] I want you to research into how natives speak. The way in which we write something is certainly not the way in which we say it. English is not a phonetic language.


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[Assistant] And we don't always follow our own pronunciation rules, so what research can you do? Well, you can look at homophones, for example.


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[Assistant] These are words which have the exact same pronunciation, but different spellings and different meanings. I've actually got a video coming out on homophones very soon, which I will put in the description box. An example of a homophone would be bear and bear.


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[Assistant] But the vowel sound is different. It's also important that you understand weak forms. So we have strong forms of words and we also have weak forms. For example, the word at. On its own, I say at.


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[Assistant] But sometimes, if I'm using it in a sentence or in conversation and I'm speaking very quickly, I will say,


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[Assistant] I've got a video all about the reductions wanna and gunna, which is also in the description box. That will really help you out, especially if you want to use those, because I know a lot of you do.


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[Assistant] How you are going to improve your listening skills now you've watched this video. I want to see you be motivated.


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[Assistant] And I want to see you make a change. I believe in you, and you need to believe in yourselves too. Don't forget that I now upload on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. And I also have a free live pronunciation and vocabulary lesson every Sunday at 4.30 GMT, which is London time, on my English with Lucy Facebook page.


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[Assistant] Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media. My Facebook and my Instagram is where I am most active. And you can also sign up to my mailing list.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you want to receive emails from me and hear about updates before anyone else. Alright then, I'll see you soon for another lesson. Mwah!


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[Assistant] Hello, this is Scott from Optics Realm. It's November 2011. Today we're going to talk about field wavelength and lens layouts in ZMax.


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[Assistant] So the goal is to understand more basic parameters for modeling an optical system. First I would like to discuss wavelengths. So, wavelengths, how do you get to the wavelength setting? It's got this button here, WAV, and it pulls up this dialog box, wavelength data.


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[Assistant] Or you can get it by hitting Ctrl W. And what is it? It's a series of wavelengths specified in microns.


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[Assistant] And you could enter one wavelength, you can enter 24 wavelengths, you know, use these checkboxes here to specify how many wavelengths you have, as well as the weighting. For optimization, you want less wavelengths, because things go quicker, things will raytrace faster.


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[Assistant] During detailed analysis, you want more wavelengths. You want to ensure you get accurate simulation and you don't get any way, uh, aliasing. Let's take a look at sample wavelengths. I could hit control W to get wavelengths. I could hit this wavelength button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or I could go to system and drop down and get wavelengths. Ctrl W shows you here, also fields. I'm gonna go ahead and hit Ctrl W.


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[Assistant] I have nine wavelengths I tend to do overkill when I'm doing analysis. Let's, uh, let's pick F, D, and C.


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[Assistant] The primary wavelength is this one. Let's go to the photopic curve, bright, that's your eye in daylight, and it updates the wavelength weightings based on


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How the eye response is. These numbers are going to affect MTF and a whole host of other things. So here the primary wavelength is 3. We hit okay.


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[Assistant] It's not going to change that much. Let's look at the bottom here. I just want to show you this. So at this, this is a doubly telecentric system, so it's kind of like an afocal.


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[Assistant] What's got a very long focal length? 1797.18. Let's go back to the wavelength. Let me change it to wavelength 1. So it's saying the primary wavelength is wavelength 1, 470 nanometers, where it was 555. Let's hit okay. And notice the focal length has changed a little bit. And that's because you're changing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At what wavelength you're calculating in that. So it's important to pay attention and pick your right wavelength. Preferably either the center wavelength or the one that is weighted the highest.


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[Assistant] How do you specify field? Field also has this button here, F I E.


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[Assistant] And it brings up this dialog box here, field data. And you can also get it by hitting control F. So you've got X and Y, you've got weight, and you've got these vignetting terms.


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[Assistant] Or your CCD CMOS imaging. And when you specify it and you get quantitative, you really shouldn't use just straight field of view or FOV. And that leads to redundancy and it can create a lot of problems with factor of two. It's much better to say half field of view


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[Assistant] H-O-H-F-O-V or full field of view. F-F-O-V. Here's some visible detector formats. This is pulled from Edmund Optics website.


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[Assistant] And it shows the various formats, quarter inch to one full inch, and it gives the size in millimeters in X versus Y, as well as the diagonal size. When you model in Zmax, you're entering not the full diagonal, but you're really entering the half field of view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These numbers really are full field of view. Probably should have put full field of view there. So, there's four methods to specify field, and I'm just gonna quickly detail them here and go into a little more detail in the next slides. Angle, and that's this angle, so what I'm doing, I'm ch- this red ray, I'm tracing the chief ray here, and it's originates from your objects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The object goes through your entrance pupil and it lands on your image. So you can specify this angle, you can specify this object height spatially, this is one millimeter or one inch. And then there's two ways to specify image height, either paraxial or real, and that's just specifying the height in the image plane. Let's talk about field in terms of object angle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Normally people aren't calibrated to that. Let's talk about field in terms of object height. I've pulled up one of Edmund Optics large format telecentrics. This is a doubly telecentric lens in object space and image space will be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, and I've flipped signs here. I've gone, you know, negative 7 to negative 15, and again it's a factor of 2. This is a half X, uh, magnifying telecentric lens. So I'm specifying minus 7, 5 to minus 15. That is this image over here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the X's are falling at the intersection, at the intersection showing low distortion. I'll show that here in Zmax in a moment, how to get to that. As opposed to doing the field in terms of image height. So in this case, I've pulled out a, one of Leiken's wide field of view lenses. This is also a sample that ships with Zmax. And I chose this because it's a 100 degree full field of view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 100 degree input full field of view. When you pull the sample up, it's, uh, it's specified in terms of angle. The field is specified in terms of angle. But I switched this to specify in terms of real image height, 0, 9, and 14 millimeters. And I'm showing you this, uh, because it's highly distorted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As well, when you're out of this settings page, you can hit page up, page down, home, and rotate the view. Let's quickly go over vignetting. Now, this is a, this is the start of a doubly telecentric layout. This is actually a sneak peek for my Zmax video number 5. In this case, what I'd like to show


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is this surface that's highlighted red, I've added, I've prematurely cut the aperture down to 11 millimeters, and you can see this ray is getting clipping, clipped in this, in this layout.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I click this button right here, set vignetting, it's going to modify all these parameters here, and I'll show next slide what those are, and it's going to modify this ray, this input ray, such that it gets through the system. That's vignetting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's a good idea to usually clear vignetting and set vignetting because if there's existing vignetting terms in there and you change things it could bias the output. This is a notional diagram. This is showing your object space.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's just pretend we have a point object here. We have y field and x field. This is your, your notional entrance pupil. And let's say that your notional entrance pupil, and I'm showing a very bad pupil aberrations, or this could come from a tilted and decentered system.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But let's say this circle here is your entrance pupil. So Zmax is going to control getting these rays at these peripheries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's going to compress it in a little bit. As well as, it's going to decenter it. And that's VDX and VDY. This is a Cartesian coordinate system. There's also this rotation angle, van, VAN. Here's Zmax. Let's talk about, this is this large format, telecentric, half X magnification.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've hidden the prescription here, I'm just showing the diameters because I'm going to use this to describe vignetting term. How do you change what this looks like? You could go settings, and let's say we'll go from surface 8 to the last surface. So that's going to show a portion of the lens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me just go ahead and go back to the object plane. For instance, let us suppose this surface right here, which is, uh, this surface. Let me cut this aperture down. Zmax is setting the aperture saying it's at 17. Let's say it's at 15.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I could either come to this and hit update or just double click right here. You can see these lenses get clipped. The other thing I want to point out quickly, and I know I'm jumping around to you a little bit, is notice


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right here in the bar, there are coordinates, and those are the coordinates on the drawing. So if you want to know where this ray comes to, this is about at 16.3, negative 16.3. And of course we're at 15, you can see this 15 here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So how do you correct this? This is vignetting. Again, it's doing that because it's wanting this ray to get through the center of the aperture stop. I'll hit control F.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hit clear vignetting, I know I don't need to do it because it's already zero, but it's force of habit. Set vignetting and you can see that it's, it's decentered and it's compressed the pupil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we'll come back here, I'll double click and hit update, and you can see now that that lens, that ray gets through the entire lens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can see the rays don't change. I double clicked there. You can see the rays don't change much. And that's because it's got low distortion. So you can get distortion either by field curves, which is this FCD,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can see it's, uh, .05%. Or you can get a grid distortion, uhm, analysis, miscellaneous grid distortion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll repeat this for the fish islands and you can see how that varies. So this is specifying field in terms of object height or paraxial length.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just to hammer home, since there's no distortion, I can hit the real ray height, click okay, I'm going to double click and update, so double click, and you can see it doesn't change all that much. As opposed to,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's this wide field of view lens and I'll go ahead and, uh, uh, show you the distortion analysis miscellaneous grid distortion. So what's happening is this grid is your paraxial perfect grid and these x's show the distortion and how there's a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for instance, this one's already set up. I've got real image height here, and I've specified out to 14 millimeter half field. And just to prove it to you, here's roughly 14 millimeters, 13.98.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's change it to paraxial and see what happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, I'm gonna double click. Actually let me zoom in on this. I'm gonna double click and you're gonna see this image height changes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's, that is the difference between using real and paraxial. On a system with low distortion, it doesn't matter. On a system with distortion, it makes a big deal. So here's the homework. And before I go into homework number four, I just want to comment that homework


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What, your subject that you're blowing up in your microscope, what is the size of the field?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's easy to calculate based on the magnification of the telescope, but I'd like you to verify it in Zmax. There's a reference for microscopy, uh, the optical design of microscopes by G. Seward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's Optical Systems in there and he's got the actual prescriptions in the appendix. This is Scott from Optics Realm, this is Zmax number 4. If you liked, uh, this video, please hit like at the bottom and subscribe to my YouTube channel. Thank you and thanks for tuning in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 60, 80, 100 hours a week because that's the only way you can succeed. No. Uhm, we didn't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our main product, our flagship product, Basecamp.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Me, 10 hours per week, and if you decide this as well, for 6 months. This 80 hours a week bullsh-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're just a rabbit. You're just running around trying to do everything you need to do to get your business going without realizing what it is that actually matters. And usually, about 5-10% of the effort you actually put in matters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you put in 80 hours of really hard labor, it's the 3, 5, 10 hours of actual, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stuff that ends up mattering. The rest of it is just the headless chicken running around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being a workaholic is by no means a, uhm, either guarantee of success or a requirement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think there's just a lot of misconception out there about how hard you must work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure this was true in the industrial age when you were hammering on stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're working in stuff like software or anything else that doesn't require your


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Personal labor and manufacturing of widgets, which is basically none. None of this stuff matters. The great idea matters. The less execution matters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And all of these great ideas and less executions comes from a well-rested mind. Uhm, it sort of goes into sort of the, uh, the trophy that a lot of people bury. I only sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Four hours a night. You'll hear a lot of entrepreneurs bragging about how little they sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when you're not well rested, your mind is not working at peak performance, you're gonna produce. And it's not just a factor of ten percent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like it's not like just if you sleep half, your stuff is gonna be half as good. No, it's gonna be one hundredth as good. Uhm, so that doesn't work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's jump in and learn about the multi-head attention mechanism. The notation gets a little bit complicated, but the thing to keep in mind is basically just a big for loop over the self-attention mechanism that you learned about in the last video. Let's take a look. Each time you calculate self-attention for a sequence is called a head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And thus the name multi-head attention refers to if you do what you saw in the last video, but a bunch of times. Let's walk through how this works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember that you got the vectors q, k, and v for each of the input terms by multiplying them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With multi-head attention, you take that same set of query key and value vectors as inputs, so the QKV values written down here, and calculate multiple self-attentions. So the first of these, you multiply the QKV matrices with


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Give you a new set of query key and value vectors for the first word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you do the same thing for each of the other words.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the sake of intuition, you might find it useful to think of W1Q,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More or less the self-attention example that we walked through earlier in the previous video. After finishing Fintation, you may think,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] WQ, W1Q, W1K, W1V. I'll learn to help you ask and answer the question, what's happening?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so with this computation, the word visite gives the best answer to what's happening, which is why I've highlighted with this blue arrow over here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you end up with five vectors to represent the five words in the sequence. So this is a computation you carry out for the first of the several heads you use in multi-head retention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so you would step through exactly the same calculation as we had just now for the Lafrique and for the other words and end up with the same attention values, A1 through A5 that we had in the previous video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But now we're going to do this not once, but a handful of times. So that rather than having one hit, we may now have eight hits, which just means performing this whole calculation maybe eight times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, so far we've computed this quantity of attention with


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first heads are indicated by the subscript 1 in these matrices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the attention equation is just this, which you had previously seen in the last video as well. Now let's do this computation with the second head. The second head will have a new set of matrices. I'm going to write WQ2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] WK2 and WV2 that allows this mechanism to ask and answer a second question. So


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first question was what's happening? Maybe the second question is when is something happening?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so instead of having W1 here, in the general case, we will have here


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] WI, and I've now stacked up the second hit behind the first one with the second one shown in red.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you repeat a computation that's exactly the same as the first one, but with this new set of matrices instead. And you end up with, in this case,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The value for September will play a large role in this second part of the representation for the Freak.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe the third question we now want to ask, as represented by WQ3, WQ3.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who has something to do with Africa? And in this case, when you do this computation the third time,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe the inner product between Jane's key vector and the Lafrique query vector will be highest and so I've highlighted this black arrow here so that Jane's value will have the greatest weight in this representation which I've now stacked on at the back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the literature, the number of heads is usually represented by the lowercase letter h, and so h is equal to the number of heads.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can think of each of these heads as a different feature. And when you pass these features to a new network, you can calculate a very rich representation of the sentence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Calculating these computations for the three heads or the eight heads or whatever's the number, the concatenation of these three values or A values is used to compute the output of the multi-headed attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the final value is the concatenation of all of these itch heads.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, multiply by a matrix W.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now one more detail that's worth keeping in mind is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the description of multi-head attention, I describe computing these different values for the different heads as if you would do them in a big for loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And conceptually, it's okay to think of it like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in practice, you can actually compute these different heads values in parallel because no one has value depends on the value of any other head. So in terms of how does this implemented, you can actually compute all the heads in parallel instead of sequentially.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then concatenate them, multiply by W0, and there's your multi-headed attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, there's a lot going on on this slide. Uh, thanks for sticking with me all the way to the, to the end of this video. In the next video, I'm going to use a simplified icon. I'm going to use this little diagram here to denote this multi-head


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Computation. So it takes this input matrices Q, K, and V.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So these values down here and outputs this value up here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the next video, when we put this into the full transformer network, I'm going to use this little picture to denote all of these computations denoted on this slide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So congratulations, in the last video you learned about self-attention, and by doing that multiple times, you now understand the multi-head attention mechanism, which lets you ask multiple questions for every single word, and learn a much richer, much better representation for every word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's now put all this together to build the transformer network. Let's go into the next video to see that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My home. Phrases 2. By L. Learning. Here we go. Garage. Garage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The car is in the garage. The car is in the garage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Walk down the hallway. Walk down the hallway. House. House.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I live in a house. Kitchen. Kitchen. We cook in the kitchen. We cook in the kitchen. Living room. Living room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We relax in the living room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mailbox. There is mail in the mailbox. Shower. Shower.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wash in the shower. I wash in the shower. Stairs. Stairs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I walk up the stairs. I walk up the stairs. Toilet. Toilet. This is the toilet. This is the toilet. Upstairs. Upstairs. This is the upstairs. This is the upstairs. Window. Window.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is my yard. This is my yard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This has been ELF Learning with Home Phrases too. Thank you very, very much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the numbers have to be pushed down into the team, and the team has to be empowered to do things that will drive the numbers. And what you find about that is that the ergonomics of metrics are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really bad. Like, if you use Google Analytics and you tell an engineer, okay, so you have to, this is how you go to find, uhm, you know, this funnel. You know, so you can figure out, you know, what conversions are like and whether his numbers are doing well or badly. Uh, and there's six clicks and it takes two minutes to get down there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please, please. When you get the cupcake, what do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi kids, this is elf learning with school subjects. What do you learn at school?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want you to listen and repeat in a big voice. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. Here we go. Art. Art. English. English. Geography. Geography. History. History. Art. English. Geography. History. Math. Math.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Music. P-E. P-E. Science.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Science. Math. Music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very good everyone. Thank you so much for watching. We'll see you next time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have removed our troops from Iraq. We are winding down our war in Afghanistan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I don't remember the party either.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did not follow the rules there. I consider it my graduation gift to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's why I'm here today. Uh, I mean, I like all of you and, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Grandparents and all the family members, everything your families have done has been so that you could pursue your dreams, so that you could fulfill your potential.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everybody here has a story of some sacrifice that's been made on your behalf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The number of students scoring proficient or advanced in math has gone up 100%. In English, more than 200%. 95% of students now graduate in four years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just as impressive, many of you are leaving here with more than a diploma. You're already certified as a nursing assistant and EMTs and home health aides and preparing to become IT associates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This community invested in you, you've gotta, you've gotta make sure that you use those gifts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they're gonna keep on looking up to you. And there are gonna be people across the country who are watching you. And when they see you succeed,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Working with the private sector to connect America's students to high speed broadband and advanced technology, just like you've got here at Worcester Tech.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now today that idea was defeated by Republicans in Congress, which was frustrating. Especially, well don't booed, just remember to vote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It doesn't pass, it's a disservice not only to your generation, but to our history as a nation that strives to put quality education within the reach of every American. So we're gonna have to keep on putting pressure on Congress.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No problem, no problem. It's an honor to be here and, uh, I'm happy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Thai, they call it ป่อนหนึ่งป่อสอง, but I think about 5, 6 years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't know that I like acting that much as a kid. I just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Started really going into acting for real when I was like 13, 14 years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My first acting job was uhm, when I was just turned 15.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, I was, uhm, in, uh, Channel 3 in Thailand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had a role by eating pizza. I was eating pizza in the background. That was my first role.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, there were actually many points where I was thinking to myself if I wanted to continue this acting because


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would cast a lot and get them then they'll...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cancel me and stuff like that. Yeah, that's hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At some point I was like, should I just do something else? Like, I like animals, I was thinking about doing stuff with animals and stuff like that, but uh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I worked my way up and there was this one role where I had to be like a zombie ghost.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know what it is, like a zombie that's, the color is red and it got mucus all over the body.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got that role and a director came and saw me and he was like, this kid's pretty interesting and stuff like that. He took me to go cast in Matterfilm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Grammy saw me, and they decided to, uhm, ask me to join them. And I said yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that time, I didn't know what Grammy was. Oh, I knew it was just a big company. I was like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These kids that, uh, they don't really watch television a lot, so I didn't know about the acting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't know what it was, I didn't even know what BL was at the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, so eventually they told me what it was and I was like, cool, that's pretty interesting and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a character that's uh, he protects other people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he has a unique way of seeing the world and stuff like that. I feel like this character is really interesting to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think this character is kind of special because he's, he's like uhm, all my other characters that I play is always cool in a way, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The character is always cool, trying to act cool and stuff like that, but this new character, it's all natural. I kinda like that a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wanna know what that director told me to do? He told me that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just be yourself and uh, just upgrade your...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 50% of the dialogue is mostly improvised.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was really fun. It was really, really fun. I didn't have a problem with it because I live up on the mounds already.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We got to travel to like two free locations in like three months.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They didn't really enjoy it at all because they weren't used to it at the beginning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I lived on the mountain a lot, right? I was kinda used to the cold. I was like wearing a tank top and boxers all the time. Even when the wind was blowing and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This has been my dream role ever since I was a kid. I would always tell my dad that we would be watching this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jackie Chan movies, right? And uh, I would turn to my dad and say, I wanna be like him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's uh, something that Thailand doesn't have too, as far as I know, not a funny action.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If nobody asks me to be in a role like that, I'll just make my own film.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I even started my own YouTube channel before I got into uhm, acting actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but it didn't work out. I just quit on that. And now I'm starting it over again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is actually where I'm trying to figure out what I want to do on YouTube.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm in the process of that, but there's one thing that I'm pretty 100% sure that I want to do is make short films on YouTube. Which, uh, I just finished writing a script here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the YouTube, it should be out by the end of next month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I'm hoping to make short films and maybe in the future do like a hardcore adventure and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, just thinking about it is kinda tiring, but we gotta do what we gotta do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I didn't, I didn't think that was gonna blow up this much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's gonna be famous and it's gonna boom for a while and stuff like that. You know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like other series, they would boom and when they come out, it would be famous for a while. Like I was thinking about-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, like that, but uh, when Together came out, it was booming and I was like, to tell you the truth, the first month I was sitting there like, am I dreaming?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, we were just, when we were filming, we were having fun, we were joking around, playing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the Blacklist gang, those guys are my best friends too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As for uhm, uh, more older people, there'll be Bride, Chris, Piscinto.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, they would like, uhm, come in and give me advice on, uh, when I'm acting and stuff. Right, and when did that too, during uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since Bright is older than I am, right? He's like 3 or 4 years older than I am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I have to act as I'm older than he is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I would get nervous and stuff and he would come over and he would give me some advice and stuff like that and I'd be like, okay, let's do this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yea, bad buddy. I'm actually in that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But uh, almost friend. I think I'm almost friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you go back to the trailer, if you go back to the beginning where people are jumping at each other in slow motion, you're seeing the right side jumping over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best advice is actually from a director.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From a director and uh, he's the one who directed uh, together the series.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was having trouble acting and uh, I was kinda nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Back then I was like this, this nervous kid, he was, that wasn't confident in hardly anything when


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he walked up and he told me that, uh, we had a talk and eventually he told me to, bro, just let everything go and just do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said a lot of stuff, but the short story is that he said just to let go and just do what you want to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And don't worry about other people because eventually they'll just forget about it and we are the one who remember it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm actually really nervous too myself. I'm pretty worried about this podcast going, going south.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, like me getting nervous and talking like all over the place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dad's American and my mom is Thai.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actually not 100% American, he's got, if I remember right, he's got Germany, Scotland and America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, we, my dad would always take us to go, um, go snow skiing and, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was this one place that I really remember a lot is this, this like coffee shop that's made, the building is made out of logs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, that time I was cold and he took me in to get some ice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had cocoa and some marshmallows and I was sitting in the shop looking outside and that's what I remember a lot because I was really happy at that time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm actually having a lot of fun here. If you have a second podcast or something, you could always invite me again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I spent three months in my old apartment, which is like 25 square meters wide. That's it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then after a while I just, I was just like, oh whatever, might as well walk outside and there was this one time where I didn't know that they had a curfew, right? They had like curfew after like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I ran and hit and I was like, okay, okay, they better not catch me. And uhm, after they went past me, they didn't see me. I was like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told my friend about it and they said that if they catch you, there'll be a 30,000 baht fine, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I still mostly uhm, spend my time in my room, but uh, I'm doing like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sculptures and stuff like that now, like I'm making a Godzilla sculpture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, actually I see, I see Frank, first of all, a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I see AJ, JJ, a lot of the Blacklist gangs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're always hanging around Grammy all the time and every time they go over there, they're always there. They're sitting around playing around, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Thai they say, uhm, hai wei wai na. It's like, uh, pray for you to, uhm, heal up really fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the story is uhm, since I'm staying in an apartment in Bangkok, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She had a snake and, uh, she was like, she didn't have time and she would go to the United States to, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, she asked me if I could take care of this snake for a while and I said yea, sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, I ended up buying it from Nanao's sister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For six years and this is the first snake that is acting like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a cat too, but it's in Chiang Mai.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a bunch of normal cats, but I have one that's, uh, it's the long haired cat. What do you call those?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I have that one. We let it run around the house all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This brings up a story. My dad used to have a cat that, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would watch us go to the bathroom a lot, and uh, after a while, it would actually, when it wants to go poop, it would go poop on the toilet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm in university right now. I'm in, uh, year two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you studying? I'm studying event management.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like the last concert where it was like, together the series concert and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guys, basically I'm studying to manage those, to make those and, you know, create them. So in the future, I might have a company to...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make concerts and make events and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I listen to it all the time when I'm sad. Everybody does it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I'm especially interested in exotic music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last week I went to Chiang Mai and there was this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Japanese person who was playing like this big giant pan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, he was like rubbing his hands over and it was coming out to sound like, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For Thailand, it would be body slam. You know that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For other countries, international, I liked Johnny Cash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm, uh, actually playing a game that, uh, it's called Beat Saber where you play-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The notes and it has the BTS song on it too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's really fun. You need to try it. It's really fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I actually started to like K-pop about half a year ago, like five months ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, my friends, they're uhm, my university, and I don't know what you call it in English, but uhm, it's like a grade, the group that we study with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A girl, and everybody is into kpop, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like that song that they sing, I can fly the sky. That's it. That's what I was going to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I understand that. There's this app called, um, Chazam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ooh, I have like almost 50 video games here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a computer in Chiang Mai, but mostly I play on the PlayStation 5 here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, I've been playing this game for two years now, probably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not going through the chapters I'm completing every challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just finished the gambling challenge, for god's sake. Oh, thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I did back, uh, I watched Waterboy, I watched Sotus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I watched like four or five episodes, I think. I can't remember. It was the same director that directed my tea, if I remember right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most of them are the ones that I play, actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But mostly I'm just on video games and just not really paying attention to the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] God bless you. God bless you. Satu, satu, satu.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I can play video games for a month now, I'd just hang myself, probably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And my friends are like, Drake, you need to stop playing games all the time. And I'm like, bro, you're gonna die one day, might as well just do what you like, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like acting because uhm, I'll tell you first that I'm really, really, I get really bored of stuff easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, almost half of my life and uhm, the reason why I like that is because uhm, you can be anything you want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Probably Johnny Depp or something like that. He said that, uh, you can be anything you want when you're an actor. You can be a pirate, you can be a princess, you can be a king, you can be whatever you want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that keeps it interesting and I like my job because it's not boring and I get to do a lot of stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told my dad and my friends that I would never work an 8 hour job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unless it's necessary, like, to take care of yourself or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other than that, no, because uhm, I think that uh, doing an 8 hour job all the time for the rest of your life is just, is just not right for me, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Might as well do what you love for a job, right? Make money often, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know that me and Frank, when we first met, we didn't have a very good start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We were like, because, uh, I met him, the very first time I saw him, I was like, I just walked up and said, yo, what's up, man?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So eventually we get to talk and talk it out and stuff like that and uh, next thing we know we're like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're really close friends. We're actually really close friends, not just work friends. We're actually friends, friends, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, because when I have problems and stuff like that, I always talk to him and when he has problems, he'll talk to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, we've been, uhm, keeping these shutters, uhm, on track for the last, like, ever since Satya's, like, two years now, we've been, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Keeping his shutter on track and, uh, helping his shutter all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before we started to act, we would do a truss exercise. It's like fall down in each other's arms and stuff like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For Grammy, I don't know. To tell the truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But uhm, for my YouTube channel, I just contacted Frank to uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actually yeaah, most of them stay up til like 1am, 2am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeah, I'm actually still in bed podcasting right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you can see that there's uhm, subtitles for you guys that uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, and I'm planning to make like English video every month, once a month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, because uhm, to tell you the truth, uh, putting subtitles in is really...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It took me, it took me three days to do 15 minutes, and one hour is gonna take like a month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, it's pretty good. There's like French and uh, Russian.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what games do you like, actually?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To everyone who's listening to this podcast right now, load in sweet home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's actually a horror game that takes Thai culture into it a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and uh, they take that culture and then scare the crap out of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, I totally like it, but uh, I like watching it, but I don't play it myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It took me a year to build up the courage to play Resident Evil 5


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I actually want to go to Alaska for once.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just wanna, wanna see it for once before, uh, once in my life. That's my life goal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the nature there, the view, the view there is pretty awesome. I've seen a lot of pictures on the internet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like nature a lot, to tell you the truth. I like uhm, trees, I like anything that has to do with nature.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't quite know, like you did reverse culture shock, I didn't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was living in Chiang Mai, right, and it has a lot of nature and I was living up on the mountains and stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't quite notice that yet until I moved to Bangkok and Bangkok doesn't have nature


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I, uh, went back to see my family in Chiang Mai, I was like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This place is really green. This is like really good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, some people don't know it until they uhm, you know, they lose it or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would recommend Phuket, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These three, these three places. I've only been there, been to these three. If you go to Phuket, bring a lot of money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I remember right, for like uhm, in Thai they call it Roti in English.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know what they call it, it's like this flat piece of tortilla where they put sugar and stuff on it and they roll it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like 60 bond over there and in Chiang Mai it's only like 20 bond.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mostly uhm, international people go there. Hardly any Thai people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last time I went there, I wasted like, a lot of money. A lot, and I barely got to do anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I do travel in Thailand a lot. I drive from Bangkok to Chiang Mai.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good for you, right now I'm in the middle of Bangkok, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had to change a lot of my lifestyle a lot because I was living out in the country a lot and uhm, you could travel like


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From outside the city to the shopping mall within like 10 minutes or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But here in Bangkok it takes us like an hour just to travel like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know that there was this one time where uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was going to this cafe, right, to meet up with my friends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, I missed the cafe so I had to take a U-turn. And it took me, the U-turn was like 100 meters in front of me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it took me an hour and a half to make that due turn and get back to the cafe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like walking a lot, I like to bicycle too, I like motorcycles, but uhm, I mostly do that stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know that what you just said was like my dream butter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like rain a lot, like snow a lot. Most of my friends don't like it, but I like it a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, do you know Montana? Do you know that, that state?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it's pretty much like that. It snows a lot. You know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, I have a question about Norway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I tried, tried lamb once and uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But most restaurants don't make it that good. Only one so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were talking about food and they had food from Norway or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They talked about it for a while. That's what kinda got me interested in going to Norway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'm here in Thailand not a lot and I'm kinda used to it now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you to the Patreons, I'm Chloe, Satcha.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eyelid and Sanja for your support. I really appreciate it and good luck to you guys too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the time they got there, it was already getting quite late in the day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle, and its life will not get any shorter. Happiness doesn't diminish when you share it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Conquer anger with non anger. Conquer badness with goodness. Conquer meanness with generosity. Conquer dishonesty with truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Likewise, the wise men gathering it little by little fills himself with good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The world is afflicted by death and decay. But the wise do not grieve.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To support mother and father. To cherish wife and children.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as a solid rock is not shaken by the storm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever is not yours, let go of it. Your letting go of it will be for your long-term happiness and benefit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your own self is your master. Who else could be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do not dwell in the past. Do not dream of the future. Concentrate the mind on the present moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Be truthful. Do not yield to anger. Give freely, even if you have but little. The gods will bless you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And not power make a slave out of a person, but only his attachment to life, wealth, and power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The act of dying is not of importance. It lasts so short a time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is ELF Learning with My Town Phrases 1 What do you do in town? Here we go. Bakery. Bakery. Buy bread. Buy bread. I buy bread at the bakery. I buy bread at the bakery. Bank. Bank. Keep my money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I keep my money. I keep my money in the bank. I keep my money in the bank. Bookstore. Bookstore. Buy books. Buy books. I buy books at the bookstore. I buy books at the bookstore. Bus stop. Bus stop. Catch a bus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I catch a bus at the bus stop. I catch a bus at the bus stop. cake shop. cake shop. buy cake. buy cake. I buy cake at the cake shop. I buy cake at the cake shop. coffee shop. coffee shop. drinks coffee. drinks coffee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Daddy drinks coffee at the coffee shop. Dentist. Have a toothache. I go to the dentist when I have a toothache. Doctor's office.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go when I'm sick. I go to the doctor's office when I'm sick. Drugstore. Buy medicine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I buy medicine at the drugstore. Flower shop


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Buy flowers. Buy flowers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I buy flowers at the flower shop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Buys gasoline. Buys gasoline. Mommy buys gasoline at the gas station.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] hospital go when I'm sick I go to the hospital when I'm sick


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was My Town Phrases 1 by Elf Learning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll see you next time. Bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like kiss!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I knew it, you don't know. Well, you don't look like you're a loner. Here, let me sleep here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I see. You're not a big girl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Omaera mitai no ga kita no wa hajimete datta kara na.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I don't really care. It's an exception.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oira wa ningensei wo nokoshita mama, Rokusou kara kikan dekiru kanousei sono mono da.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Omae, maji de ponkotsu ni natchatta?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Iroiro attashi na. Genki daseyo. Ato, tsude ni kore mo arattoite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, thank you everybody. Please be seated. I love you back. That is why I am here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Men who can be trusted in public and private life. Men who are sensitive to the wrongs, the sufferings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was here at Morehouse, as Dr. King later wrote, where I realized that nobody was afraid, not even of some bad weather. I added on that part.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And laws and hearts and minds have been changed to the point where someone who looks just like you can somehow come to serve as president of these United States of America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But along with collective responsibilities, we have individual responsibilities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had a tendency sometimes to make excuses for me not doing the right thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they knew full well the role that racism played in their lives. But when it came to their own accomplishments and sense of purpose, they had no time for excuses. Every one of you have a grandma.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So after getting his degree from that technical school, this father of three decided to come back to Morehouse for a third time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And today Frederick is a family man, and a working man, and a Morehouse man. And that's what I'm asking all of you to do. Keep setting an example for what it means to be a man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll be thinking about sitting around the dinner table and seeing them happy and healthy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And knowing that they were loved, and I'll be thinking about whether I did right by all of them. So be a good role model. Set a good example for that young brother coming up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those who've been left behind, who haven't had the same opportunities we have, they need to hear from you. You've got to be engaged on the barbershop, on the basketball court, at church.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It should give you a sense of compassion and what it means to overcome barriers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I might have been unemployed. I might not have been able to support a family. And that motivates me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's up, it's up to you to widen your circle of concern. To care about justice for everybody.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everybody, not just in your own community, but all across this country and around the world, to make sure everyone has a voice and everybody gets the seat at the table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Leland Schell was four years old, social services took him away from his mama. Put him in the care of his grandparents.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Men who refuse to be afraid. Members of the class of 2013, you are heirs to a great legacy. You have within you that same courage and that same strength, the same resolve as the men who came before you. That's what being a Morehouse man is all about. That's what being an American is all about. Success may not come quickly or easily, but if you strive to do what's right,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] God bless Morehouse and God bless the United States of America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tonight we celebrate artists whose music and message help shape our culture. And together we can change our culture for the better by ending violence against women and girls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now, nearly one in five women in America has been a victim of rape or attempted rape.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Artists have a unique power to change minds and attitudes, and get us thinking and talking about what matters. And all of us, in our own lives, have the power to set an example. Join our campaign to stop this violence. Go to itsonus.org and take the pledge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the artists of the Grammys tonight, I ask you to ask your fans to do it too. It's on us, all of us, to create a culture where violence isn't tolerated, where survivors are supported, and where all our young people, men and women,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ebola virus disease, or EVD, is one of the deadliest viral diseases out there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ebola was first discovered in 1976, when two back-to-back outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever appeared in Central Africa.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In case you need a quick refresher, hemorrhagic fever illnesses usually damage blood vessels, affect multiple organs in the body, and affect the body's ability to regulate itself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some can cause mild disease, but Ebola and Marburg viruses are notorious for causing severe disease and high mortality rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first outbreak was in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, though it was called Zaire back then, and that's where the virus got its name. The second outbreak was in a remote village about 500 miles away in what is now South Sudan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It turns out that two genetically distinct viruses caused these two outbreaks, and scientists later discovered that Ebola virus has actually likely existed long before these outbreaks occurred.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since then, most of the cases and outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have been somewhere in Africa, and most of us have probably heard about the major outbreak in West Africa that lasted from 2014 to 2016.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The outbreak began in a rural area of southeastern Guinea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It then spread to more urban areas and became an epidemic in just a few months.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The effects were devastating, with over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths.


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[Assistant] All in all, the 2014 to 2016 Ebola epidemic is considered to be the longest-lasting, most fatal, and most geographically extensive epidemic in Ebola's history.


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[Assistant] Let's dig into what makes this virus so deadly. Ebola virus belongs to the phylloviridae family, which is a family of filamentous, enveloped negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses.


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[Assistant] Philoviruses encode just seven proteins in their genome, and under an electron microscope the viral particles look like long, stretched filaments. They can take different forms, either straightened out or curved, and some particles tend to bend into the shape of the number 6.


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[Assistant] Ebola viruses are relatively large, and they're impressively efficient in the way they replicate.


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[Assistant] Even with just seven genes, filoviruses are able to make large amounts of virus and cause extensive tissue necrosis, meaning cell death, in cells of the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs.


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[Assistant] Their nucleocapsid is helical, enclosed in an envelope with a single glycoprotein, and that glycoprotein plays an important role in the infection cycle as well as all the destruction that the virus is capable of.


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[Assistant] First, Ebola virus enters a patient through either a break in the skin or through mucous membranes.


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[Assistant] Depending on the method of entry, the incubation period can last for 6 to 10 days, and the first symptoms that appear are usually flu-like, although nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are also common within the first few days.


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[Assistant] From there, the virus migrates from the original site of infection to the lymph nodes, then gets disseminated to the adrenal gland, liver, and spleen.


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[Assistant] As it works its way through the body, Ebola virus destroys a large number and variety of cells, basically exploding the tissues it comes into contact with.


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[Assistant] The virus causes such extreme damage, especially to the gastrointestinal tract, that all body systems get severely disrupted. It can also trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause further blood vessel leakage, along with impaired clotting abilities.


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[Assistant] In many cases, this sequence of events results in devastating multi-organ failure and death.


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[Assistant] When it comes to diagnosing a case of Ebola virus disease, it can be tricky at first, since the symptoms can't necessarily be distinguished from malaria, meningitis, or typhoid fever in the early stages.


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[Assistant] There are multiple lab-based tests that can be employed to get an official diagnosis, but the samples collected from a patient have to be handled with extraordinary care and are considered to be extreme biohazard risks.


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[Assistant] Essentially, it takes a lot of effort to safely collect and test a suspected Ebola sample.


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[Assistant] As far as treatment, supportive care such as intravenous fluids, oxygen therapy, or medication to stabilize blood pressure or reduce vomiting can improve a patient's chances of survival.


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[Assistant] Even though there are several experimental treatments that have helped patients with confirmed Ebola in the past, there are currently no antiviral drugs licensed by the FDA to treat Ebola virus disease.


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[Assistant] There are some drugs being developed to stop the virus from making copies of itself, and multiple potential treatments being tested, but we don't yet have a catchall treatment.


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[Assistant] The best way to protect oneself from Ebola is to be aware of how it's spread, which is through bodily fluids of people who are ill, either through direct contact or through items that might have come into contact with an infected person.


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[Assistant] And for the record, a person can only spread Ebola to other people once they start to show signs and symptoms.


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[Assistant] This means that healthcare professionals are at an incredibly high risk of exposure, and they typically have to take extreme measures of protection.


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[Assistant] Funeral or burial rituals can be particularly dangerous for those who are burying a previously infected loved one as well.


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[Assistant] In certain parts of the world, Ebola virus may also be spread through the handling and consumption of wild animal meat.


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[Assistant] As of now, there is an FDA-approved Ebola vaccine available that protects against one species of Ebola virus, while several more vaccines are being developed and tested. So although this remains a significant threat, it is hoped that this may change in the coming decades.


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[Assistant] Thanks for watching, guys. Subscribe to my channel for more tutorials, support me on patreon so I can keep making content, and as always, feel free to email me.


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[Assistant] We'll start with the smallest and move up from there. This one-year-old alligator will eat anything he can catch and fit in his mouth. And here's a favorite first food of an alligator hatchling. Dragonflies. Hungry? Who knew dragonflies were so good?


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[Assistant] This is a three-year-old alligator. She's definitely ready for fish and mammals and a much bigger food. You got some, Chris? Easy, easy, girl. There you go. How about that?