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[Assistant] We need you to make a colorful mural for our company.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a fish pond in the middle of the garden.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a fish pond in the middle of the garden.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a fish pond in the middle of the garden.


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[Assistant] We need you to make ten copies of the last meeting's notes.


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[Assistant] We need you to make ten copies of the last meeting's notes.


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[Assistant] We need you to make ten copies of the last meeting's notes.


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[Assistant] We need you to make enough appetizers for a party of 25.


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[Assistant] We need you to make enough appetizers for a party of 25.


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[Assistant] We need you to make enough appetizers for a party of 25.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a design unlike anything you have ever made before.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a design unlike anything you have ever made before.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a design unlike anything you have ever made before.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a three-tiered chocolate cake with white and pink frosting.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a three-tiered chocolate cake with white and pink frosting.


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[Assistant] We need you to make a three-tiered chocolate cake with white and pink frosting.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of going against his beliefs.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of going against his beliefs.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of going against his beliefs.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of showing any bit of kindness.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of showing any bit of kindness.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of showing any bit of kindness.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of being mean to the people he loves.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of being mean to the people he loves.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of being mean to the people he loves.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of doing even the simplest thing on his own.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of doing even the simplest thing on his own.


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[Assistant] He is incapable of doing even the simplest thing on his own.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, none of us like you at all.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I quit my job a few months ago.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I quit my job a few months ago.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I quit my job a few months ago.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always had a bit of a crush on her.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always had a bit of a crush on her.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always had a bit of a crush on her.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I was the one who broke off the engagement.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I was the one who broke off the engagement.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I was the one who broke off the engagement.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always thought it was too good to be true.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always thought it was too good to be true.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I always thought it was too good to be true.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I'm the one who stole $20 from your wallet.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I'm the one who stole $20 from your wallet.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I'm the one who stole $20 from your wallet.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is dumb, but she is really intelligent.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is dumb, but she is really intelligent.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is dumb, but she is really intelligent.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is mad at us, but she is really mad at herself.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is mad at us, but she is really mad at herself.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is mad at us, but she is really mad at herself.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is happy he's moved on, but she is really heartbroken inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is happy he's moved on, but she is really heartbroken inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is happy he's moved on, but she is really heartbroken inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is super confident, but she is really insecure on the inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is super confident, but she is really insecure on the inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is super confident, but she is really insecure on the inside.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is not scared, but she is really afraid of what might happen.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is not scared, but she is really afraid of what might happen.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is not scared, but she is really afraid of what might happen.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is better than the rest of us, but she is really struggling at her job.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is better than the rest of us, but she is really struggling at her job.


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[Assistant] She acts like she is better than the rest of us, but she is really struggling at her job.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to stay home and read a book.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to stay home and read a book.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to stay home and read a book.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to go to the gym and work out.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to go to the gym and work out.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to go to the gym and work out.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to fall in love and get married.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to fall in love and get married.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to fall in love and get married.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to listen to the advice of my parents.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to listen to the advice of my parents.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to listen to the advice of my parents.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to be spontaneous and go on an adventure.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to be spontaneous and go on an adventure.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to be spontaneous and go on an adventure.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take my time before I make any decisions.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take my time before I make any decisions.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take my time before I make any decisions.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take responsibility for the things that I've done.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take responsibility for the things that I've done.


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[Assistant] For the first time in my life, I want to take responsibility for the things that I've done.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the men's shoe department.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the lockers and water fountain.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the lockers and water fountain.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the lockers and water fountain.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the entrance to our rotating exhibit.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the entrance to our rotating exhibit.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the entrance to our rotating exhibit.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the check-in counters and bag drop-off.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the check-in counters and bag drop-off.


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[Assistant] To the left you will find the check-in counters and bag drop-off.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why he's upset with you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why he's upset with you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why I won't be coming back.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why I won't be coming back.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why I'm disappointed in you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why I'm disappointed in you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why I'm disappointed in you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why she cut off contact with you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why she cut off contact with you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why she cut off contact with you.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why we made such a sudden change to the schedule.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why we made such a sudden change to the schedule.


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[Assistant] I'm glad you understand why we made such a sudden change to the schedule.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was kicking the dog.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was kicking the dog.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was kicking the dog.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was falsifying the report.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was falsifying the report.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was falsifying the report.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was selling the contraband.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was selling the contraband.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was selling the contraband.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was contaminating the food.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was contaminating the food.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was contaminating the food.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was breaking into the house.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was breaking into the house.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was breaking into the house.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was stealing money from the till.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was stealing money from the till.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was stealing money from the till.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was running away with the stolen goods.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was running away with the stolen goods.


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[Assistant] They caught him red-handed as he was running away with the stolen goods.


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[Assistant] We all have dreams. We all want to reach for the stars.


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 108. Rewards.


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[Assistant] The travelers flew through the sky over the Tang Empire.


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[Assistant] Tears of happiness rolled down the Tang Monk's cheeks.


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[Assistant] The Tang monk and his companions went down to earth and entered the palace.


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[Assistant] Said the emperor. Then he noticed the monk's companions.


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[Assistant] The emperor asked the monk many questions about the journey. He listened in amazement to the monk's stories.


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[Assistant] After the food was eaten, the emperor asked the monk to read from the scriptures. The Tang monk smiled.


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[Assistant] The monk sat on a platform where the scriptures had been placed in baskets. He unrolled a scroll.


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[Assistant] The Tang monk and his companions rose into the sky.


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[Assistant] The travelers were soon bowing before Buddha again.


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[Assistant] Wu Jing's body turned gold. The spirit bowed.


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[Assistant] said the monk. Finally, Buddha turned to the monkey.


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[Assistant] Wukong and the Tang Monk, join the other Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.


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[Assistant] They have been in the western paradise ever since.


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[Assistant] Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson on confusing word pairs. Now, this is a lesson where I will talk about some homophones, words that are spelled differently but sound the same. Sometimes they're even spelled the same but they have different meanings.


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[Assistant] But mostly this will be a lesson about words I've collected over the last couple of years where people have asked me either what the difference is in how they sound


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[Assistant] Uh, or in pronunciation or meaning or maybe they just get them confused with each other easily.


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[Assistant] Are very similar in spelling, but usually different in a little bit different in pronunciation.


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[Assistant] And in usage. Uhm, so I will look at words for sure like can and can't. Uhm, I'm over pronouncing it right now, but that was a word pair on my list that people often have trouble understanding when they hear someone speaking English quickly. They're not sure if the person has said can or can't.


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[Assistant] Once again, welcome to this English lesson about confusing word pairs. So I'm going to show you two words at a time.


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[Assistant] And I'm going to talk about how each word is pronounced if they have different pronunciation. And then I'll talk a little bit about the meaning of each. So the first word pair we're going to look at is the word pair shade and shadow. So obviously these words are completely different in spelling.


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[Assistant] But what makes this word pair confusing for people is often in your own language. You don't have two words for shade.


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[Assistant] And shadow. So in English, if you stand under a tree, you are in the shade. Sometimes when you're talking to someone and you're in the sun, you might say, let's go stand in the shade over there and you might walk and stand in the shade under a tree or beside a building.


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[Assistant] The key with the word shade is to know that you are usually in it, okay? You can be in the shade or you can go in the shade. The shade is falling on you from something large, usually like a tree.


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[Assistant] Your shadow, on the other hand, is made by your body or by your hands. Have you ever made, uhm,


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[Assistant] I was gonna try to do shadow puppets. Have you ever done shadow puppets? You can see there's a shadow on my shirt a little bit from the butterfly I'm trying to make. But your shadow...


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[Assistant] Is on the ground. When a person walks along, you can see that there's a shadow beside them. Uhm, so again, probably the best way to remember it is this. You can stand in the shade and your body casts a shadow. Uhm, hopefully that helps you understand the difference. The next two word pairs are listen


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[Assistant] And here. So again, these are not, uhm, related in the sense of how they are spelled or their pronunciation. They're quite different words, but we have listen and we have hear.


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[Assistant] Listening is something you choose to do. You can listen to some music. You can listen for the sound of your alarm clock in the morning. When you listen, you are deciding to use your ears


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[Assistant] Okay, so sometimes in the morning if I listen, uh, really carefully, I can hear the rain. So notice I used both words differently there.


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[Assistant] When you hear something, the sound comes to you, okay? Right now I can hear the rain outside. Right now I can hear the wind outside.


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[Assistant] But notice I can change it if I decide that I like the sound that the rain makes. I can say, Jen and I might sit outside later and listen to the rain.


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[Assistant] So there's an element in the word listen where the person is deciding to do it. You decide to listen to music. You decide to listen to the rain. Sometimes it's nice to just listen to the sound of waves. But if I was walking along the beach,


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[Assistant] And then all of the sudden, the waves got really big. I could say, oh, all of the sudden I heard the waves. I was able to hear the waves.


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[Assistant] Hopefully that was a good explanation. We'll see. Uhm, let me see here.


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[Assistant] So the next two are suit and suite.


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[Assistant] So suit and suite. They are very close in spelling. They are very different in pronunciation. So when I go somewhere formal, I often wear a suit.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a suit is a really nice outfit. You have a suit jacket. You have pants. You wear a nice dress shirt and a tie. When you go somewhere formal, like a wedding, you usually will wear a suit.


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[Assistant] When you go to a hotel, you might stay in a suite. So this is actually pronounced the same way as, you know, sugar is sweet. That's S-W-E-E-T.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but a suite is, uh, a small room or collections, uh, collection of rooms in a place like a hotel. So, if I wanna look good, I wear a suit.


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[Assistant] Uhm, if I want to stay somewhere nice, I might rent a suite at a hotel. Uhm, sometimes people even build what's called an in-law suite on their house.


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[Assistant] So they'll add, uhm, like a small kitchen and a bathroom and a bedroom. And they will have their, uhm, father, their elderly father or mother live in the in-law suite.


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[Assistant] We sometimes call it a granny flat as well. So, you wanna look nice? You wear a suit. If you go somewhere, you might rent a suite.


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[Assistant] And then I see Key Park in the chat say, listen is active, hear is passive. Exactly. Yes. Hearing is something that happens to you. Listening is something you choose to do.


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[Assistant] So here's the classic one and some of you were puzzling over the thumbnail of this video because it has a picture of the desert and it has a dessert as well. This has a very subtle difference in spelling and pronunciation.


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[Assistant] Uh, the desert of course is a very hot, dry place with lots of sand. Uhm, it gets very hot during the day and it can get very cold at night.


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[Assistant] I've never been to the desert, uhm, apparently it's a very cool thing to see. I did fly over the desert once from, uh, on my way from Paris to South Africa to Johannesburg.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there was just miles and miles of sand in the desert below us. But sometimes after supper we might have dessert. Uhm, it's nice to have a little bit of dessert. Sometimes we'll have something called jello. I'm not sure if you've ever had that.


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[Assistant] Or pudding, or maybe Jen will bake a pie. We'll have some dessert after we eat.


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[Assistant] This one, uh, made my list because it came up a couple of times during my live lessons. The difference between accept and accept. So there is, in my opinion, a slight difference in pronunciation when you have accept. So if someone gives me a gift, I will accept the gift.


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[Assistant] Uhm, politicians do not accept gifts, uhm, because it's not good, because they might be, uhm, people might be trying to bribe them, so they usually don't accept gifts.


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[Assistant] But if you look at this picture, all of the circles are orange, except one.


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[Assistant] So notice I, I pronounced that with a softened E sound, a little bit of an E instead of an A. So you accept gifts, I'm over pronouncing it, and everything in this picture, all the circles, uhm, most of the circles are orange except


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[Assistant] If you ac- accidentally pronounce these the same,


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[Assistant] I guarantee you no one will notice, okay? Uhm, it's a very subtle difference, and I wouldn't get too worried about it, but for those of you who want to, uh, speak perfect English, certainly work on saying politicians do not accept gifts.


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[Assistant] Uh, most of the circles are orange except one is red. So there's a couple examples again for you.


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[Assistant] Let's talk a little bit about borrow and lend. This can kind of, um, trip people up when something trips you up. It's an English phrase that means it


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[Assistant] Causes you confusion or you're not sure which one to use. When you borrow money it means that you are receiving money from someone.


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[Assistant] Kids often borrow money from their parents. Sometimes people will have someone in their family who likes to borrow money all the time. It means they're always asking for money. They're always wanting money and they're always saying, hey, can you lend me some money?


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[Assistant] So when you lend money, you are the person giving the money?


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[Assistant] When you borrow money, you are the person taking the money.


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[Assistant] Oftentimes people will go to the bank because they want the bank to lend them money.


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[Assistant] They go to the bank because they want to borrow money from the bank.


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[Assistant] So again, when you are borrowing money, you are, you are the person taking the money, okay? Uhm, when I was a kid, I borrowed money from my parents. They gave me money to pay for college, but I had to pay them back later. So, they


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[Assistant] So when you lend, you are the person giving the money. When you borrow, you are the person taking the money.


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[Assistant] Uhm, this one came up a few times, and I think I talked about this in another lesson once, but collar and color. So people ask about the difference in pronunciation between collar


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[Assistant] And color. So a collar is something a dog wears or a pet oftentimes.


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[Assistant] Oscar has a collar and it gets a little bit loose and sometimes it falls off and then we can't find it on the farm. That happened once or twice when he was younger. Uhm, because you don't want the collar too tight. Uhm, so we left it a little loose and then we had to buy another one.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but color is just red, white, blue, purple, green, yellow. I don't know if I've said all the colors. I think there's 8 or 15 distinct colors depending on how you define them. Uhm, but color


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[Assistant] And caller. Notice the caller sounds a lot like the verb to call. You know, I'm going to call my brother. My dog wears a collar.


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[Assistant] A hundred, uhm, flower, a hundred plants and three aren't doing well, so we'll call them. That's, it's a very unique verb. You might not know that verb, but caller is something a dog wears and color is something that refers to all of the shades and tones that we see.


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[Assistant] So this came up in a previous lesson where I talked about breath and breathe. So breath refers to the actual air that's coming out of your mouth. They have very similar spellings. Breathe has an E on the end. Breath does not.


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[Assistant] In Canada when it's really cold out in the winter, you can see your breath.


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[Assistant] In this picture, you can see this person's breath. It's so cold that the moisture in your breath can be vis, can be seen in the air. So that's one of the good ways to remember the difference that in cold weather, you can see your breath.


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[Assistant] To breathe or breathe is the verb. When you breathe, it means you take air into your lungs, you inhale, and then you exhale when you breathe. So, when someone is in an accident, they always check to see if the person is breathing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They want to make sure the person is breathing. They'll check their pulse to make sure their heart is beating and they might listen to see if they can hear the person breathing. Okay. So once again, breath, no E on the end and it's just pronounced breath. In the winter, you can see your breath.


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[Assistant] And when you inhale and exhale, that's what we say when someone is breathing. So to breathe means to inhale and then exhale.


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[Assistant] There, you learned three words on one slide. Good job, good job Bob the Canadian. Uhm, so emigrate and immigrate are our next two.


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[Assistant] These two words to me sound very different, but to some people they can sound similar. Emigrate starts with kind of a hard E. Emigrate. And immigrate starts with an I. And this is how it works.


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[Assistant] Having is, if a country's having a lot of political unrest or if there is war, people are eager to emigrate. They're eager to move away from that country.


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[Assistant] When you immigrate though, it means you come to a country.


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[Assistant] When someone moves to Canada from another country, we are saying that they immigrated to Canada.


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[Assistant] Uhm, my grandparents immigrated to Canada. So let me give you, uhm, the formal definition, uhm, of each of these. So, meaning of immigrate. So let me make sure I'm on the right slide here.


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[Assistant] So immigrate. To leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another. So emigrate.


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[Assistant] When you move to another country, when you arrive there, they will call you an immigrant.


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[Assistant] Principle and principle. So here we have true homophones. These words sound exactly the same. They have slightly different spellings.


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[Assistant] A principal is someone who is in charge of a school. So my boss is the principal of our school. He is the person who runs the show. He is the boss. He is the principal of a school.


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[Assistant] But a principle is like a concept or a truth, you know. I have certain principles I live by. I live by the principle that


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[Assistant] But I work for my principal. When I go to work I say hi to the principal every morning. Children in school are always worried that if they do something bad, they'll have to go to the principal's office.


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[Assistant] Uh, you need to go to the principal's office. Uh, I'm tired of dealing with you. You're gonna have to talk to the principal. And then a principal is simply...


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[Assistant] Yeah, an idea or rule or code of conduct. Some people are very principled. They have certain principles that they live by. Uhm, let's see here.


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[Assistant] And sensitive. This came up in a lesson a few months ago, uh, on describing people. Uhm, and I have to admit, I do get these wrong in French all the time as well. But a sensible person is a practical person.


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[Assistant] They, they look at the weather forecast and they make a decision, uhm, based on that. They are sensible, they are practical.


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[Assistant] A sensitive person on the other hand, and this can have two meanings, a sensitive person can themselves be very emotional. So if you were a sensitive child, it might mean that you cried very easily. Okay. You were very sensitive. If someone said something mean, you would cry. You were able to, uhm,


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[Assistant] As you went through life, you were, you expressed emotions quickly. Okay. You were very sensitive, but a sensitive person can also be a person.


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[Assistant] We even have the, uhm, we even say sensible shoes. Uhm, a sensible person wears sensible shoes. They wear the right footwear for the right weather. They buy the right vehicle. Uhm, if you were a farmer and you bought a Ferrari, that's not very sensible.


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[Assistant] If you were a farmer and you had a pickup truck, that would be very sensible. And again, a sensible person is very emotional.


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[Assistant] So adverse means not favorable, not nice. We use this word a lot when we are talking about the weather in the winter. Sometimes there are adverse weather conditions. So notice there's just one letter difference. Averse.


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[Assistant] Adverse. So often on the news in January or February, they will say, it's going to be a slow drive to work this morning. It will be a slow commute. There is a snowstorm. There are adverse weather conditions. So again, adverse means not favorable, not nice, not good. Averse, we almost always use this.


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[Assistant] In the negative, with the word not in front of it. At least I do. So, I don't smoke.


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[Assistant] But when I go to an outdoor social gathering, I'm not averse to other people smoking.


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[Assistant] When you are averse to something, it means you're against it. When you're not averse to something, it means you're, it doesn't bother you, okay? Uhm, so I'm not averse to getting gifts from students at the end of the year. Uhm, but I am averse to getting gifts from students before the school year is over. What that means is that when I am done grading,


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[Assistant] And the student has gotten their final grade and if they want to give me a gift a week later, that's fine with me.


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[Assistant] What I'm averse to is sometimes students want to give teachers gifts.


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[Assistant] Before they've graded everything, before they've marked everything, and that feels a little bit like bribery. So, a verse means to be against and not a verse means, uh, to be in favor of. So, I'm not a verse to students giving me gifts after I've given them their final grade for the semester. Uh, I'll and I'll


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[Assistant] So, aisle is spelled with an A at the beginning, and aisle is not. They are pronounced by me exactly the same way.


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[Assistant] Isle, on the other hand, is just a small island. Okay, so I'm not sure if that's an island and it has a few aisles around it, but an isle is simply a small island. Uh, let's see.


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[Assistant] Just looking at the question from Adverse is don't like something and don't agree. Yes. Well, no. Adverse means unfavorable. Okay. So don't get them too confused, Jake. Uhm, you might have to listen to my explanation one more time. That might


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[Assistant] Um, but yes, there is an aisle. There are many aisles in the grocery store. In fact, a common question in a grocery store is, can you tell me what aisle the butter is in? Can you tell me what aisle the cereal is in? And they'll say, oh, it's in aisle six or aisle seven.


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[Assistant] And then if you're really rich, you might have, uh, you might have purchased an aisle, a small island somewhere. I don't know, maybe. I don't think any of us are doing that anytime soon. Uhm, loose and lose.


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[Assistant] So when something is loose, it needs to be tightened. The nut on this bolt, maybe it's loose, so this person has a wrench and they are going to tighten it. When you lose weight, sometimes your pants become loose. Sorry, I just used both words there. When you lose weight, sometimes your pants become loose. Uhm, so that's when something is not tight.


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[Assistant] My jeans got a little bit loose a few months ago, but now they fit again. So I think I've put weight back on.


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[Assistant] Uhm, when you lose, it means that you don't win. If a soccer team or football team plays another football team and they don't win, we would say that they, uh, they have lost. So to lose is the opposite of to win. Uhm, but it can also mean, uhm, like when you're talking about weight, you can lose weight. So loose,


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[Assistant] And lose. Can and can't. So these are opposites of each other. This person can ski. This person can't ski. I'm probably over pronouncing a little bit. When we speak very quickly in English, we say things like, uhm, can you ski? Yeaah, I can ski.


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[Assistant] And then, can you ski? No, I can't ski. So, you see how can't


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[Assistant] T at the end is sometimes under pronounced. We don't enunciate it very well. I can ski.


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[Assistant] I can't ski. I can ski. I can ski. I can ski. Can you ski? I can ski. He can ski. She can ski. We can all ski. Can you ski? No, I can't ski. So when I say can't,


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[Assistant] When I speak quickly and when I speak in my normal, informal Bob the Canadian, uh, English, uh, speed and pronunciation, it's hard to hear the T. The best way to practice this is to say it yourself a lot. I can walk.


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[Assistant] I can't walk. Sorry. I can run. I can't run. Uhm, and then listen to, try to listen actively. There's a, there's a website called Youglish. I don't know if you've ever used it, but Youglish is a great website because it lets you type in a word and then it will find


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[Assistant] YouTube videos, and it will let you listen to a bunch of YouTube videos where someone's using that word. Uhm, it's called Youglish. Maybe I should put that in the chat. Uhm, so it's called Youglish.


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[Assistant] I think I spelled it right. Youglish.com. It's a cool website. So you can type in the word can't and then it will find like 500 YouTube videos and then it will actually be at the spot where a person is using can't in a sentence. And then you can just click forward, forward, forward and listen to a bunch of it.


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[Assistant] Word and world. This is another classic word pair. This is one of the first word pairs that someone asked me about when I started teaching English online. Word. This is the word. Hello. Word.


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[Assistant] Add an L and we have world. World is a challenging word to say for people who are learning English. Word is not. It's usually fairly easy to say word. I've learned five words today. How many words have you learned? I've learned over a thousand words in English.


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[Assistant] The world though has a weird ending to it. The R-L-D is very challenging to pronounce. You're making two different sounds.


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[Assistant] So, on a car, you have brakes. When you hit the brakes, the brake lights come on at the back of your car. Sometimes you go to the mechanic and the mechanic needs to fix your brakes. So, spelled differently, exactly the same pronunciation as brake.


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[Assistant] These people are on a break. Sometimes, uhm, you might have an accident and you might break your arm, okay? That means that you have to get a cast. Not a very nice thing.


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[Assistant] It's better, you're better off having to get your brakes fixed than breaking your arm. Okay. So again, brakes are what make a vehicle stop. Okay, you have to hit the brakes. B-R-A-K-E.


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[Assistant] And break is a word that has many meanings, but the two main ones would be to take a break. Uhm, after I'm done this lesson, I have to teach a class and then I'm going to take a break. Jen will come in in about two hours and we'll have a coffee break.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and then sometimes, uh, things break. Sometimes your computer will break. That's never fun. I never enjoy it when my computer is broken.


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[Assistant] Uhm, give and take. This is similar to lend and borrow. So in this picture,


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[Assistant] The person on, I don't want to say left or right, the person on this side of the picture,


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[Assistant] The person on this side is giving the flowers. Okay? Uhm, so hopefully that made some sense. I'm not sure I put the arrows in the best place when I made the pictures. Uhm, but when you give something, you have it and you are handing it to someone else.


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[Assistant] When you take something, someone is handing it to you and you take it from them.


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[Assistant] Let's see here. This one, uhm, I chose different and difference because this comes up a lot in how people ask their questions when they're watching my live streams.


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[Assistant] Many of you who have been around for a while will say, what is the difference between this word and this word? But some people will use the word different, which is incorrect. So if you look at this picture, I'll give you some example sentences. Uhm, the red


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[Assistant] Uhm, what are those? Game pieces are different than the black game piece, okay? There's something different about them. So you might ask this question, what is the difference? Okay, so notice something is different.


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[Assistant] When you look outside, you'll notice that there are different kinds of trees. You might see two trees that are different. And you might ask yourself, what is the difference? The difference is one is an evergreen tree and one has leaves that fall off every year. So notice a subtle


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[Assistant] I didn't mean to use the word to define the word, but if you look at this, something is different. Okay, so you might look at two words and think something is different about this word.


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[Assistant] And then you might ask, what is the difference? So when you, the difference is when you define what is different between the two. Hopefully that made some sense.


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[Assistant] Uhm, thank you Stuhl for the super chat. Very awesome of you. Thank you very much for supporting me and the work that I do.


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[Assistant] Past and past, these are said exactly the same way. Technically, past ends in a T, a hard T, and past ends in a hard D, but


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[Assistant] When I am talking, and I'll just talk about me, I say these exactly the same way. He passed the ball to the other player, uhm, he passed and then he passed to someone else and then they scored. In the past, I've done a lot of different types of jobs. So the past is time that is behind me.


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[Assistant] And passed is the past tense of to pass. So he passed the ball, uhm, and then in the past, people, uhm,


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[Assistant] Man and men. There is one man at the store. There were many men at the store. This is one where the difference in meaning is very clear. Man is singular. Men is plural.


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[Assistant] Uhm, when you have one single man, you say man. And when there's many of them, you say men. But it can sound very similar when an English speaker speaks very quickly.


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[Assistant] And so I think you have to listen to the other words in the sentence, okay? There was a man at the store the other day. There was a man. There was a man at the store the other day. Uhm, there were many men at the store the other day. So notice you might have to look at the words around it and as I say them quickly, they do start to


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[Assistant] It was, uh, the more I say these words, the more they sound strange to me. Do you ever have that where the more you pronounce something, the stranger it sounds? That's what can happen sometimes.


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[Assistant] It's this website with these two guys and they go to Auburn and they're like, uhm, they made this entire website. And they post video blogs almost every day.


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[Assistant] My family is the most ancient royal family in Egypt. We understand why you are eager to make an alliance.


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[Assistant] If all these conditions are met, then I will marry you.


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[Assistant] He pretended to be a member of your family, then ran off and married a slave. I was never a slave.


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[Assistant] My little boy. He was born a living god. How can he be dead?


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[Assistant] The stab when I felt my heart breaking, shattered into shards.


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[Assistant] So I can't be heartless for him.


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[Assistant] Things I could never even have imagined. So I like to in turn surprise them from time to time. I'll like, either send them presents or whether it's...


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[Assistant] No ancient laws to show the way.


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[Assistant] Let's go. What is adaptive about it? What is specialized about it?


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[Assistant] Bring it on. If you gaze into the abyss long enough you see the light, not the darkness.


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[Assistant] I guess it's the divine that saves the world, let's say. You could say that by definition. And then you might say, well,


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[Assistant] The classical virtues, beauty, perhaps in some sense foremost among them. It's a, that's a difficult case to make, but definitely a pointer.


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[Assistant] Well, the arrow's pointing up. No, I think that that which it points to is what beauty points to. It transcends beauty. It's more than beauty.


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[Assistant] And I would say again, by definition, because we could define the divine in some real sense. So one way of defining the divine is,


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[Assistant] What is divine to you is your most fundamental axiom.


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[Assistant] And you might say, well, I don't have a fundamental axiom. And I would say, that's fine, but then you're just confused.


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[Assistant] Cause you have a bunch of contradictory axioms. And you might say, well, I have no axioms at all. And then I'd say, well, you're just epistemologically ignorant beyond comprehension if you think that. Cause that's just not true at all.


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[Assistant] When the contradictions make themselves manifest, say in confusion with regard to direction, then the consequence of that technically is anxiety.


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[Assistant] And frustration and disappointment and all sorts of other negative emotions, but the cardinal negative emotion signifying multiple pathways forward is anxiety. It's an entropy signal.


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[Assistant] Well, I would say it probably doesn't have to be, it can't be reduced to clarity and simplicity.


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[Assistant] Because when it's optimally structured, it's a balance between order and chaos, not order itself. If it's too ordered, if music is too ordered, it's not.


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[Assistant] It's not acceptable. It sounds like a drum machine. It's too repetitive. It's too predictable. It has to have, well, it has to have some fire in it.


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[Assistant] Yes. Along with the structure. I was in Miami doing a seminar on Exodus with a number of scholars and this is a beauty discussion. When Moses first encounters the burning bush, it's not a conflagration that demands attention. It's something that catches his attention. Um, it's a phenomena and that means to shine forth and Moses has to stop and attend to it and he does and he sees this


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[Assistant] Tree is a structure, right? It's a tree-like structure. It's a branching structure. It's a hierarchical structure.


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[Assistant] It's a self similar structure. It's a fractal structure.


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[Assistant] And it's the tree of life and it's the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. And the fire in it is the transformation that's always occurring within every structure.


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[Assistant] The fact that the fire doesn't consume the bush in that representation is a, an indication of the balance of transformation with structure. And that balance is presented as God and what attracts Moses to it in some sense is the beauty. Now it's the novelty and all that, but like a painting is like a burning bush. That's a good way of thinking about it. A great painting. It's too much for people often. You know, I, my house was


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we'll soon be again completely covered with paintings inside.


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[Assistant] It was hard on people to come in there because...


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[Assistant] Well, my mother, for example, say, well, why would you want to live in a museum?


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[Assistant] And I think, well, I would rather live in a museum than anywhere else in some real sense, but beauty is daunting. It scares people.


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[Assistant] They're terrified of buying art, for example, because their taste is on display and they should be terrified because generally people have terrible taste. Now that doesn't mean they shouldn't foster it and develop it, but, and you know, when you put your taste on display, it's a real, really exposes you.


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[Assistant] Religious images in particular, so we could call them deep images that people have been unpacking for.


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[Assistant] Four thousand years and still haven't, I'll give you an example. This is a terrible example.


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[Assistant] So I did a lecture series on Genesis and I got a lot of it unpacked, but by no means all of it.


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[Assistant] When God kicks Adam and Eve out of the Garden of Eden, He puts cherubim with flaming swords at the gate to stop human beings from re-entering paradise.


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[Assistant] And then I found out from Matthew Pagel, who wrote a great book on symbolism in Genesis.


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[Assistant] That cherubim are the supporting monsters of God. It's a very complicated idea.


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[Assistant] And that they're partly a representation of that which is difficult to fit into conceptual systems.


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[Assistant] Why do they have flaming swords? Well, a sword is a symbol of judgment and


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[Assistant] And, and the separation of the wheat from the chaff, use a sword to cut away, to cut away and to carve.


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[Assistant] And a flaming sword is not only that which carves, it's that which burns. And what is it carve away and burn? Well, you want to get into paradise?


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[Assistant] And so what does that mean? Okay, well, here's part of what it means. This is a terrible thing. So.


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[Assistant] You could say that the entire Christian narrative is embedded in that image.


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[Assistant] Not only do you have to face death, you have to face death and hell before you can get to paradise. Hellish judgment and all that's embedded in that image. And a piece of art with an image like that has all that information in it.


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[Assistant] And it shines forth in some fundamental sense.


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[Assistant] It reaches into the back tendrils of your mind at levels you can't even comprehend and grips you. I mean, that's why people go to museums and gaze at paintings they don't understand. And that's why they'll pay. What's the most expensive objects in the world? If it's not carbon fiber racing yachts, it's definitely classic paintings, right? It's high level technological implements.


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[Assistant] Or it's classic art. Well, why are those things so expensive? Why do we build temples to house the images? Even secular people go to museums.


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[Assistant] I'm secular. Well, are you in a museum? Yes. Are you looking at art? Yes. Well, what makes you think you're secular then?


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[Assistant] Well, you know, a book has remained a very long time, right? The biblical ...


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[Assistant] Yeah. Well, we have images that are, we have artistic images that are at least 50,000 years old, right, that have survived. And some of those are, they're already profound in their symbolism. Well, we do need humans. Yeah, we found them. And, and, and they've lasted, they've lasted that long. And so, and then think about Europe. Secular people all over the world make pilgrimages to Europe. Well, why?


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[Assistant] Because of the beauty. Obviously. I mean, that's self-evident.


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[Assistant] And it's partly because there are things in Europe that are so beautiful. They take your breath away, right? They make your hair stand on end. They fill you with a sense of awe. And, and.


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[Assistant] We need to see those things. It's not optional. We need to see those things. The cathedrals. I was in a cathedral in Vienna and it was terribly beautiful, you know.


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[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, I got a good analysis of the statue of David, Michelangelo's statue says, you could be far more than you are. That's what that statue says. And this cathedral, you know, down, we went down into the, into the under structure of it and there were three floors of bones from the plague. And there they all are. And then that cathedral's on top of it. It's no joke to go visit a place like that. No, it's, it, it rattles you to the core.


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[Assistant] Our religious systems have become propositionally dubious, but there's no arguing with the architecture, although modern architects like to, with their sterility and their giant middle fingers erected everywhere.


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[Assistant] But beauty is a terrible pointer to God. And you know, a secular person will say, well, I don't believe in God. It's like, have it your way.


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[Assistant] You cannot move forward into the unforeseen horizon of the future, except on faith.


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[Assistant] And you might say, well, I have no faith. It's like, well, good luck with the future then, because


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[Assistant] What are you then nihilistic and hopeless and anxiety ridden?


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[Assistant] And if not, well, something's guiding you forward. It's faith in something or multiple things, which just makes you a polytheist, which I wouldn't recommend.


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[Assistant] Well, it better be because otherwise there's no communicating about it, right? It has to be something that can be brought down to earth.


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[Assistant] Of, of the natural reality. And I would say, well,


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[Assistant] In a sense, there's some truth in that, but, but not exactly because


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[Assistant] God in the highest sense is the spirit that you must emulate in order to thrive. How's that for a biological definition? Spirit is a pattern. The spirit that you must emulate in order to thrive.


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[Assistant] It's an animating principle. Yeaah. It's a meta. It's a pattern.


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[Assistant] And you might say, well, what's the pattern? Okay, well, I can tell you that to some degree. Imagine that like you're gripped by beauty, you're gripped by admiration. So, and you can just notice this. This isn't propositional. You have to notice it. It's like, oh, turns out I admire that person. Hmm. So what does that mean? Well, it means I would like to be like him or her.


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[Assistant] That's what admiration means. It means there's something about the way they are that compels imitation, another instinct, or inspires respect or awe even. Okay, what is that that grips you? Well, I don't know. Well, let's say, okay, fine.


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[Assistant] Yes, well there you go. And there's no, that worship, that celebration and proclivity to imitate is worship. That's what worship means most fundamentally. Now imagine you took the set of all admirable people and you extracted out AI learning.


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[Assistant] You extracted out the central features of what constitutes admirable.


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[Assistant] And then you did that repeatedly until you purified it to what was most admirable. That's as good as you're going to get in terms of a representation of God. And you might say, well, I don't believe in that. It's like, well, what do you mean?


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[Assistant] It's not a scientific theory about the structure of the objective world.


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[Assistant] And then I could say something about that too, because I've been thinking about this a lot, especially since talking to Richard Dawkins. It's like, okay, the postmodernist types.


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[Assistant] And so then you think, okay, well we killed the transcendent. Well.


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[Assistant] What does that mean for science? Well, it frees it up because all that nonsense about a deity is just the idiot superstition that stops the scientific, uhm, process from moving forward. That's basically the new atheist claim, something like that. It's like, wait a second. Do you believe in the transcendent if you're a scientist? And the answer is,


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[Assistant] Well, not only do you believe in it, you believe in it more than anything else, because if you're a scientist, you believe in


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[Assistant] Now, we gotta think that through very carefully. So your theory describes the world, and as far as you're concerned, your description of the world is the world. But, because you're a scientist, you think, well, even though that's my description of the world and that's what I believe, there's something beyond what I believe.


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[Assistant] And that's the object. And so I'm going to throw my theory against the object and see where it'll break.


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[Assistant] And then I'm going to use the evidence of the break as a source of new information to revitalize my theory. So as a scientist, you have to posit the existence of the ontological transcendent before you can move forward at all. But more.


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[Assistant] You have deposit that contact with the ontological transcendent.


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[Assistant] Annoying though it is, because it upsets your apple cart, is exactly what will in fact set you free.


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[Assistant] That contact with that transcendent reality is redemptive in the most fundamental sense, because if it wasn't, well why would you bother making contact with it? You gonna make everything worse or better?


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[Assistant] Cause you assume that, you assume, I mean, freedom in the most fundamental sense, it's like, well, freedom from want, freedom from disease, freedom from ignorance, right? That it informs you, the logos in it. It is definitely that.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it's, it's, it's the direction, let's say the directionality of science. That's a narrative direction, not a scientific direction. And then the question is, what is the narrative? Well, it posits a transcendent reality.


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[Assistant] It posits that the transcendent reality is corrective. It posits that our knowledge structure should be regarded with humility. It posits that you should bow down in the face of


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[Assistant] Of the transcendent evidence, and you have to take a vow, you know this as a scientist, you have to take a vow to follow that path if you're gonna be a real scientist. It's like the truth, no matter what, and that means you posit the truth as a redemptive force.


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[Assistant] Well, what does redemptive mean? Well, why bother with science? Well, so people don't starve, so people can move about more effectively, so life can be more abundant, right? So it's all ensconced within an underlying ethic.


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[Assistant] So the re- the reason I was saying that while we were talking about belief in God, it's like, this is a very complicated topic, right?


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[Assistant] Do you believe in a transcendent reality?


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[Assistant] You buy the argument I just made on the natural front, you say, yeah, yeah, that's just nature. That's not God. And then I'd say, well, what makes you think you know what nature is?


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[Assistant] Like, see, the problem with that argument is that it already presumes a materialist, a reductionist, materialist, objective view of what constitutes nature. But if you're a scientist, you're gonna think,


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[Assistant] Well in the final analysis, I don't know what nature is. I certainly don't know its origin or destination point.


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[Assistant] I don't know, it's teleology. I'm really ignorant about nature. And so when I say it's nothing but nature,


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[Assistant] I shouldn't mean it's nothing but what I understand nature to be.


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[Assistant] So I could say, will we have a fully reductionist account of cognitive processes? And the answer to that is yes, but by the time we do that,


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[Assistant] Our understanding of matter will have transformed so much that what we think of as reductionists now won't look anything like what we think of reductionism now. Matter isn't dead dust. I don't know what it is.


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[Assistant] I have no idea what it is. Matter is what matters. There's a definition. That's a very weird definition, but the notion that we have


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[Assistant] You know that if you're reductionist materialist reductionist that you can reduce.


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[Assistant] The complexity of what is to your assumptions about the nature of matter. That's not a scientific.


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[Assistant] Yeah, well then, and we know, you know, the Frankenstein story comes out of that instantly. And that's a good story for the current times. It's like, you, you're playing around with making new life.


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[Assistant] You bloody well better sh- make sure you have your arrows pointed up.


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[Assistant] Yeah, or birth control pill cool. It's like, or, or transistor cool. Yeah. Well, the other thing too, and this is a weird problem in some sense, robotics engineer types, they're thing people, right? I mean, the big classes of interest are interest in things versus interest in people.


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[Assistant] Yeah, right. And I think people are very, very clear, logical thinkers and they're very outcome oriented and practical. Now, and that's all good. That makes the machinery and keeps it functioning, but there's a human side of the equation and


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[Assistant] And you get the extreme thing, people, and you think, yeah, well, what about the human here?


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[Assistant] When we're talking about, we've been talking about the necessity of having a technological enterprise embedded in an ethic and you can ignore that like most of the time.


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[Assistant] Right? You can ignore the overall ethic in some sense when you're toying around with your toys.


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[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, yes, yes. And this is a whole new kind of monster. And maybe it's already here.


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[Assistant] Yes, and you notice how many of those things you can no longer turn off.


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[Assistant] And what is it with you engineers and your inability to put off switches on things now?


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[Assistant] It's like, I have to hold this for five seconds for it to shut off. Or I can't figure- I just wanna shut it off. CLICK. OFF.


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[Assistant] Well, it depends on how much of the thing is cha. You know, this is why you can't touch the Ark of the Covenant.


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[Assistant] You bet, you bet, you bet. It's like inviting the judgment, inviting the judgment because maybe you can die a little bit instead of dying completely. You know, and that's, I think it's Alfred North Whitehead. We can let our ideas die instead of us.


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[Assistant] Right? We can have these partial personalities that we can burn off. And we can let them go before they become tyrannical pharaohs and everything, and we lose everything. And so yeaah, there's this optimal bite of death.


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[Assistant] Who knows what it would mean to optimize that? Like what if it was possible that if you died enough all the time that you could continue to live?


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[Assistant] And the thing is we already know that biologically because if you don't die properly all the time, well, it's cancerous outgrowths and, and like, it's a very fine balance between


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[Assistant] Productivity on the biological front and the culling of that, right? Life is a real balance between growth and death. And so what would happen if you got that balance right? Well, we kind of know, right? Because if you live your life properly, so to speak.


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[Assistant] Yeah, well, Elvis became an Elvis impersonator by the time he died.


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[Assistant] I think I worry about it more than anything else. I hope. I hope I do. I better.


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[Assistant] No doubt, in some regard, I mean it's a very difficult thing to avoid, you know, because


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[Assistant] Things change around you. People are much more likely to do what you ask, for example, right?


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[Assistant] And so that's a danger because one of the things that keeps you dying properly is that people push back against you optimally. This is why so many celebrities spiral out of control, especially the tyrannical types that say run countries. Everyone around them stops saying,


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[Assistant] Yeah, you're, you're, you're deviating a little bit there. They laugh at all their jokes. They open all their doors. They, they always want something from them. The red carpet's always rolled out. It's like, well, you think would not be lovely. It's well, not if the red carpet is rolled out to you while you're on your way to perdition.


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[Assistant] That's not a good deal. You just get there more efficiently.


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[Assistant] And so one of the things that I've tried to learn to manage is to get, have people around me all the time who are critics who are saying, yeah, I could have done that better.


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[Assistant] You're a little too harsh there and you're alienating people unnecessarily there and you should have done some more background work there. And, and I think the responsibility attendant upon that increases as your influence increases. And that's, that's as your influence increases, then that becomes a lot of responsibility.


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[Assistant] So, you know, and then maybe have an off day and well, one, here's an example. I've been writing some columns lately about things that perturbed me. Like the forthcoming famine, for example, and it's hard to take those problems on.


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[Assistant] And it would be easier just to go up to the cottage with my wife and go out on the lake and watch the sunset.


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[Assistant] And so I'm tempted to draw on anger as a motivating energy to help me overcome the resistance to doing this.


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[Assistant] But then that makes me more harsh and judgmental in my tone when I'm reading such things, for example, on YouTube, then might be optimal. Now, I've had debates about, with people about that because I have friends who say,


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[Assistant] No, if you're calling out the environmental, environmentalist globalists who are harassing the Dutch farmers, then a little anger is just the ticket. But then others say, well, you know, you don't want to be too harsh because you alienate people who would otherwise listen to you. It's like, that's a hard balance to get right.


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[Assistant] You know, that's back to the swords, the flaming swords. It's like, so I said the whole story of Christ was prefigured in that image. It's like, the story of Christ, psychologically, is radical acceptance of the worst possible tragedy.


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[Assistant] That's what it means. That's what the crucifix means. Psychologically, it's like, gaze upon that which you are most afraid of. But that story doesn't end there. Because in the story, Christ goes through death into hell. So death isn't enough.


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[Assistant] The abyss, the abyss of innocent death is not sufficient to produce redemption. It has to be a voluntary journey to hell. And maybe that's true for everyone.


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[Assistant] And that's like, there is no more terrifying idea than that, by definition. And so then, well, do you gaze upon that? Well...


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[Assistant] The angel of death sits on every word. How's that?


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[Assistant] I think it's one of the things that made me peculiar. When I was in graduate school, you know, I thought about, I was, I had the thought of death in my mind all the time.


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[Assistant] And I noticed that many of the people that I was with, these were people I admired fine. That wasn't part of their character, but it was definitely part of mine. I'd wake up every morning. This happened for years, think. Time's short, get at it. Time's short, get at it. There's things to do.


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[Assistant] And so that was always, it's still there and it's still there with, I would say, and it's unbearable in some sense.


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[Assistant] And not casually. I had people I loved, you know.


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[Assistant] So no, I'm not very worried about me, but I'm very worried about making a mistake.


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[Assistant] I heard Elon Musk talk about that a couple of months ago. It was really a striking moment.


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[Assistant] Someone asked him about death and he said, just offhand, eh, and then went on with the conversation. He said, that'd be a relief. And then he went on with the conversation. And I thought, well, you know, he's got a lot of weight on his shoulders. I'm sure that part of them thinks, I'd be easier just if this wasn't here at all.


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[Assistant] You're more likely to die terribly if you live in a manner that brings you to hell. That's one connection.


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[Assistant] That's what I make of him. And I always think of that as a primary, well, it's like, do you find this comedian funny? It's like, well, I laugh at him. You know what I mean? It's not propositional again. And so I would, there are things I would like to ask Mr. Musk about.


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[Assistant] The Mars venture, I don't know what he's up to there. It strikes me as absurd in the most fundamental sense. Cause I think, well, it'd be easier just to build an outpost in the Antarctica or in the desert.


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[Assistant] Who am I to say? He's building the rockets, man, but I'd like to ask him about it.


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[Assistant] Yeah, well, it isn't obvious to me that I'm in any position to evaluate Elon Musk. Like, I would like to talk to him and find out what he's up to and why, but I mean, he's an impossible person. What he's done is impossible. All of it.


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[Assistant] It's like, he built an electric car that works. Now, does it work completely and will it replace gas cars or should it? I don't know.


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[Assistant] If we're going to build electric cars, he seems to be the best at that. Buy a lot.


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[Assistant] And he more or less did that, people carp about him, but he more or less did that by himself.


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[Assistant] I know he's very good at distributing responsibility and all of that, but he's the spearhead. And then that was pretty hard. And then he built a rocket at like one 10th the price of NASA rockets. And then he shot his car out into space. That's pretty hard. And then he's building this boring company more or less as a, what would you call it? It's sort of.


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[Assistant] It's this whimsical joke in some sense, but it's not a joke. He's amazing.


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[Assistant] Go Elon, as far as I'm concerned. And then, you know, he puts his finger on things so oddly.


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[Assistant] The problem is underpopulation. It's like, I think so too. I think it's a terrible problem that we're, the West, for example, is no longer at


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[Assistant] Replacement with regard to birth rate, it means we've abandoned the virgin and the child.


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[Assistant] In the most fundamental sense, it's a bloody catastrophe and Musk, he sees it clear as can be.


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[Assistant] Well, and where everyone else is running around going, oh, there's too many people. It's like, nope.


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[Assistant] Got that, not only, see I've learned that there are falsehoods and lies and there are anti-truths.


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[Assistant] And an anti-truth is something that's so preposterous that you couldn't


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[Assistant] You couldn't make a claim that's more opposite to the truth.


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[Assistant] And the claim that there are too many people on the planet is an anti-truth.


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[Assistant] I have to accept the limits that you're going to impose on me, because you're frightened of the future. That's your theory, isn't it? Okay.


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[Assistant] So imagine that there's an emergency, dragon. There's a dragon. Someone comes and says, there's a dragon. I'm the guy to deal with it. That's what the environmentalists say, the radical types who push limits to growth. Then I look at them and I think, okay, is that dragon real or not? That's one question. Well, I asked that.


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[Assistant] Is the apocalypse looming on the environmental front?


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[Assistant] Yes or no? I'll just leave that aside for the time being. I think you can make a case both ways for a bunch of different reasons. And it's not a trivial concern. And we've overfished the oceans terribly. And there are environmental issues that are looming large.


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[Assistant] Whether climate change is the cardinal one or not is a whole different question, but we won't get into that. That's not the issue. You're clamoring about a dragon. Okay. Why should I listen to you? Well, let's see how you're reacting to the dragon. First of all, you're scared stiff and in a state of panic. That might indicate you're not the man for the job. Second,


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[Assistant] You're willing to use compulsion to harness other people to fight the dragon for you. So now not only are you terrified, you're a terrified tyrant.


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[Assistant] So then I would say, well, then you're not the Moses that we need to lead us out of this particular Exodus. And maybe that's a neurological explanation. It's like, if you're so afraid of what you're facing, that you're terrified into paralysis and nihilism.


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[Assistant] And that you're willing to use tyrannical compulsion to get your way, you are not the right leader for the time. So then I like someone like Bjorn Lomborg or Matt Ridley or Marion Toopey.


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[Assistant] And they say, well, look, we've got our environmental problems.


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[Assistant] And uh, maybe there's a, there, you could make a case that there's a Malthusian element in some situations.


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[Assistant] But fundamentally the track record of the human race is that we learn very fast and faster all the time to do more with less. And we've got this. And I think, yes, to that idea. And I think about it in a, in a fundamental way. It's like, I trust Lomborg, trust Tupi, trust Matt Ridley.


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[Assistant] They've thought about these things deeply. They're not just saying, oh, the environment doesn't matter, whatever the environment is.


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[Assistant] You know, the environment. I don't even know what that is. That's everything. The environment. I'm concerned about the environment.


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[Assistant] Which is, how is that different than saying I'm worried about everything? How are those statements different semantically?


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[Assistant] Cause people have gone after me cause I don't buy the climate models.


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[Assistant] I think about the climate models as extended into the economic models because the climate model is


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[Assistant] Some of that might be human generated, some of it's a consequence of warming after the ice age. This has happened before, but fair enough. Let's take your presumption.


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[Assistant] Although there are multiple presumptions and any error in your model multiplies as time extends. Let's have it your way.


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[Assistant] Okay, now we're going to extend the climate model, so to speak, into the economic model. So I just did an analysis of a paper by Deloitte. Third biggest company in the US.


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[Assistant] 300,000 employees, major league consultants. They just produced a report in May. I wrote an article for it in the Telegraph, which I'm going to release this week on my YouTube channel. Said, well, if we get the climate problem under control,


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[Assistant] Economically, because that's where the models are now being generated on the economic front. So now we have to model the environment.


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[Assistant] That's climate. And we have to model the economy.


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[Assistant] And then we have to model their joint interaction, and then we have to predict a hundred years into the future, and then we have to put a dollar value on that, and then we have to claim that we can do that, which we can't, and then this is our conclusion. We're going to go through a difficult period of privation.


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[Assistant] Because if we don't accept limits to growth, there's going to be a catastrophe, 50 years in the future, thereabouts. And so to avert that catastrophe, we are going to make people poorer, now.


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[Assistant] How much poorer? Well, not a lot compared to how much richer they're going to be. But definitely, and they say this in their own models, definitely poorer, definitely poorer than they would be if we just left them the hell alone. And so then I think, okay, poorer, eh? Who? Well, let's look at it biologically. Got a hierarchy, right, of stability and security. That's a hierarchy, or one type.


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[Assistant] You stress a hierarchy like that, a social hierarchy. So there's birds in a environment and an avian flu comes in. And then you look at the birds in the social hierarchy and the low ranking birds have the worst nests. So they're most exposed to wind and rain and sun and farthest from


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[Assistant] Food supplies and most exposed to predators. And so those birds are stressed, which is what happens to you at the bottom of a hierarchy. You're more stressed because your life is more uncertain.


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[Assistant] You're more stressed. Your immunological function is compromised because of that. You're sacrificing the future for the present. An avian flu comes in and the birds die from the bottom up. That happens in every epidemic. You die from the bottom up. Okay, so they say when the aristocracy catches a cold, the working class dies of pneumonia. Alright, so now we're going to make people poorer. Okay, who?


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[Assistant] Well, we know who we make poorer when we make people poorer. We make those who are barely hanging on poorer. And what does that mean? It means they die. And so what the...


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[Assistant] Deloitte consultants are basically saying is, well, you know, it's kind of unfortunate, but according to our models, a lot of poor people are going to have to die.


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[Assistant] So that a lot more poor people don't die in the future. It's like, okay, hold on a sec. Which of those two things am I supposed to regard with certainty?


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[Assistant] The hypothetical poor people that you're going to hypothetically save 100 years from now, or the actual poor people that you are actually going to kill in the next 10 years.


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[Assistant] Well, I'm gonna cast my lot with the actual poor people that you're actually going to kill.


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[Assistant] And so, and then I think further, it's like, well, okay, the Deloitte consultants.


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[Assistant] Have you actually modeled the world or is this a big advertising schtick designed to attract your corporate clients with demonstration that you're so intelligent that you can actually model the entire ecosystem of the world?


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[Assistant] Including the economic system and predicted a hundred years forward.


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[Assistant] And isn't there a bit of a moral hazard in making a claim like that? Just like just a trifle? Especially when...


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[Assistant] So I talked to Bjorn Lomborg and Michael Jahn last week. I accepted the UN, uh, estimates of starvation this coming year. 150 million people will suffer food insecurity. Food insecurity.


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[Assistant] Yeah, food insecurity. That's the bloody buzzword. Famine. Well, Michael Jan thought 1.2 billion and then that it'll spiral because he said,


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[Assistant] What happens in a famine is that the governments go nuts, crazy. The governments destabilize. And then they appropriate the food from the farmers. Then the farmers don't have any money.


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[Assistant] Then they can't grow crops and I think, yeah, that's exactly what they do. That's exactly what would happen. And so.


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[Assistant] Jan told me 1.2 billion and then Bjorn Lomborg said the same thing. I didn't even ask him. He just made it as an offhand comment.


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[Assistant] In some sense, they had a famine at the end of World War II and part of the reason that Dutch farmers are so unbelievably efficient and productive.


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[Assistant] Is that the Dutch swore at the end of World War II that that was not going to happen again. And then they had to scrape land out of the ocean.


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[Assistant] Because Holland, that's quite a country. It shouldn't even exist. The fact that it's the world's number two exporter. You know that it's the world's number two exporter of agricultural products. Holland. It's like...


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[Assistant] Agricultural production in Holland is 6% of their GDP. Now these centralizing politicians think, tell me if I'm stupid about this. Take an industry, you knock it back by fiat by 30%.


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[Assistant] Now it runs on like a 3% profit margin. Now you're gonna kill 30% of it.


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[Assistant] How are you not gonna bring the whole thing down, the whole farming ecosystem down? How are you not gonna impoverish the transport systems? How are you not gonna demolish the grocery stores?


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[Assistant] You can't take something like that and pair it back by fiat by 30%.


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[Assistant] And not kill it. I, I can't see how you can do that. I mean, look what we did with the COVID lockdowns. We broke the supply chains. Tried buying something lately. You can't, and wait, and aren't the Chinese


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[Assistant] Threatening Taiwan at the moment? What are we gonna do without chips? So...


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[Assistant] I don't know what these people are thinking. And then I think, okay, what are they thinking? Well, the Deloitte people are thinking, aren't we smart? And shouldn't we be hired by our corporate employers? It's like, okay, too bad about the poor. Um, what are the, uh, environmentalists thinking? We love the planet. It's like, do you? We love the poor.


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[Assistant] Do you? Okay. Let's pit the planet against the poor. Who wins? The planet. Okay. You don't love the poor that much. Do you love the planet? Or do you hate capitalism? Let's pit those two things against each other. Oh, well it turns out we actually hate capitalism. How can we tell? Because you're willing to break it.


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[Assistant] And you know what's gonna happen. So what's gonna happen in Sri Lanka with these 20 million people who now have nothing to eat? Are they gonna eat all the animals?


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[Assistant] Are they gonna burn all the firewood? They're stockpiling firewood in Germany. It's like, so is your environmental globalist utopia gonna kill the poor and destroy the planet?


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[Assistant] Now what do you think of that theory about, about trustworthiness?


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[Assistant] If the dragon that you're facing turns you into a terrified tyrant, you're not the man for the job.


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[Assistant] I don't, I'm trying to get that right. So, we've kind of come to a cultural conclusion about the Nazis. Do you get to be angry about the Nazis? Seems the answer to that is yes.


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[Assistant] He's a Nazi, or magical super Nazi as it turns out.


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[Assistant] So, this is a very complicated problem, right? So, René Girard believed that


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[Assistant] It was a human proclivity to demonize the scapegoat and then drive it out of the village. And I've thought about that a lot. We need a place to put Satan. Seriously, this is a serious issue.


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[Assistant] Right? That's, that's the fundamental essence of the Christian doctrine. It's like Satan is best fought on the battleground of your soul. And that's, that's right. It's right.


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[Assistant] After Adam and Eve are thrown out of paradise for becoming self-conscious, or when they become self-conscious, they're destined to work. And the reason for that as far as I can tell is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To become self-conscious is to become aware of the future. That's to become aware of death. That certainly happens in the Adam and Eve story. To have the scales fall from your eyes. And then the consequence of that is that you now have to labour to prevent the catastrophes of the future. That's work. Work is sacrifice. Sacrifice of the present to the future. It's delay of gratification. It's maturity.


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[Assistant] It's sacrifice to something as well and in the spirit of something. Okay, so now Adam and Eve have two children, Cain and Abel. So those are the first two people in history because the Garden of Eden doesn't count.


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[Assistant] And they're the first two people who are born rather than created. So they're the first two people. And that's a hell of a story because.


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[Assistant] It's a story of fratricidal murder that degenerates into genocide, flood and tyranny. So.


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[Assistant] That's fun for the opening salvo of the story, let's say. And Abel and Cain both make sacrifices. And for some reason, Abel's sacrifices please God. It's not exactly clear why. And Cain's don't. Now, there's an


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[Assistant] Implication in the text that it's because Cain's sacrifices are true, are second rate.


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[Assistant] God says that Abel brings the finest to the sacrificial altar. He doesn't say that about Cain. So you can imagine that Cain is sacrificing away, but he's holding something in reserve.


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[Assistant] He's not all in. He's not bringing his best to the table. He's not offering his best to God. And so, Abel thrives like Matt.


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[Assistant] And everyone loves him and he gets exactly what he needs and wants exactly when he needs and wants it. He's favorite of God and Cain.


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[Assistant] Is bearing this terrible burden forward and working and his sacrifices are rejected. So, he gets resentful. Really resentful. Enough, resentful enough to call God out and say something like, this is quite the creation you've got going here.


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[Assistant] I'm breaking myself in half and nothing good's coming my way.


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[Assistant] What the hell's up with that? And then there's Abel, the sun's shining on him every day. How dare you? Okay. But this is God that Cain's talking to. And so God says what Cain least wants to hear, which is what God usually says to people. He says, look to your own devices. You're not making the sacrifices you should.


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[Assistant] And you know it. And then he says something even worse. He says,


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[Assistant] And that's why you're in the miserable state you're in. So then Cain leaves, his countenance falls, as you might expect, and Cain leaves, and he's so incensed by this because God has said,


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[Assistant] Your problems are of your own making. And not only that, you invited them in. And not only that, you engaged in this creatively. And not only that, you're blaming it on me. And not only that, that's making you jealous of Abel, who's your actual idol and goal. And Cain, instead of changing, kills Abel.


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[Assistant] Yeah, well, I've talked, I talked to a good friend of mine last week about that, publicly, we'll, we'll release it. So I said, well, do I have a particular animus against the left? Let's say. It's like, well, probably. Okay, why? Well, first of all, I'm a university professor. It's not like the universities are threatened by the right. They're threatened by the left.


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[Assistant] 100%. And they're not just threatened a little bit, they're threatened a lot.


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[Assistant] And that threat made it impossible for me to continue in my profession the way I was. And it cost me my clinical practice too. And that's not over yet because I have 10 lawsuits against me out right now from the College of Psychologists because they've allowed anyone to complain about me anywhere in the world for any reason.


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[Assistant] And have the choice to follow that up with an investigation, which is a punishment in and of itself, and are doing so.


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[Assistant] And then I've been tortured nearly to death multiple times by bad actors on the left. Now I've had my fair share of radical right-wingers being unhappy with what I've said, but personally, that's been the left the whole time.


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[Assistant] Not only me, but my family put it, put my family at risk in a big way and constantly, like not once or twice, because many people get canceled once or twice, but I've been canceled like 40 times and I know like 200 people now who've been canceled and I can tell you without doubt that it is one of the worst experiences of their life and that's if it only happens once. And so, and then I also know that


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[Assistant] 100 million people in the 20th century that the intellectuals excused them for it non-stop and still haven't quit that almost no one knows about it and that the specter of resentful Marxism is back in full force. And so do I have a bit of an animus against that? Yes. Does it go too far?


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[Assistant] Sure, uhm, he seems to get along well with his wife. He has some kids.


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[Assistant] There's no sexual scandals and he's in a position where that could easily be the case.


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[Assistant] He seems to have done some good things on the oceanic management front. He's put a fair bit of Canada's oceans into marine protected areas and that might be his most fundamental legacy, if it's real.


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[Assistant] I've been trying to get information about the actual reality of the protection and I haven't been able to do that, but that's a good thing.


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[Assistant] Well, I mean, there's the evidence there, you know, I mean, he's not a Jeffrey Epstein profligate on the sexual front, so that's something, and his wife,


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[Assistant] They seem to have a real marriage and he has kids, so, you know, good for him.


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[Assistant] Yeah, right. To be a good man. Well, then I also thought, okay, well, after the liberals had brought in a Harvard intellectual who was a Canadian to be their last leader, he didn't work out. And then they're flailing about for a leader and the liberals in Canada are pretty good at maintaining power and leadership.