[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and there's a big split in that field, right, between, uh, in the English world anyway, between on one side we have people like, uh, John Bellamy Foster and Andreas Malm, and they think that for Marx there's, you know, this very traditional, okay, man in nature, right? That's what we have.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you know, of course he, you know, the idea being that he portrays the history of, of capitalism or economic exploitation within that context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then on the other side there's Jason Moore, right, and Moore has a more radical and perhaps constructivist notion, uhm, which is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the sort of modern rationalist division between man and nature itself reflects the structure of the commodity form or the value form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the idea that, uhm, you know, for marks, of course, we have exchange values, uh, which are marketized, right? Uhm, you know, values for exchange, uhm, and we have use values which refer to, uh, uh, these values which are not explicitly marketized, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you know, if I cook food for personal consumption, for example. And of course, there is a relationship between these two things that's much more complex than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you, do you think that there's the possibility? Now, now you were talking about linking up Marx with Kant. That sounds like maybe more of a constructivist reading. I know you're familiar with Alfred Sahn-Rethel, who's a great...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, hero for me, uh, personally, uh, as a theorist. Do you think there's a way of reading Marx, uh, beyond, uh, these sort of, uh, enlightenment assumptions? And I just gave man and nature, you know, this kind of hard binary as one example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, it's interesting you, uh, it's interesting you use the phrase state of emergency when you say that, because uhm, when you say it, uh, I'm reminded, uh, a little bit of, of Georgiak and then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, now, uh, we know Agamben, uh, has written some, some articles about COVID-19 that have proven, uh, quite controversial, uhm, because he has, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rather than recognizing, uh, the legitimacy of it, uh, you know, as a bona fide health crisis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the same time, you know, Slavoj Žižek has said that Covid-19 could enact a rupture that would allow us to establish communism, and I think he's thinking in particular


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] About, you know, the forms of global cooperation that could be necessary to address the issues connected to the pandemic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What, what is, is your take? I don't know if you're familiar with these opinions given by G Jack or Agamben.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is your opinion on those and what's your opinion about COVID-19?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to, uhm, move on to a question here now. It's very interesting to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, oh, here we go. We have another one from Levon Amid. Uh, could you please tell us about the relationship between knowledge and cybernetics?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you talk about the, um, the addressal of, uh, or the lack of addressal of cybernetics by, uh, left-wing thinkers in France, for example. Uhm, but I, I do think it's interesting to note that, uhm, you know, your, uh, Technics in Time arrives, I believe, it's first published in France, when is it? 91? Or what year? 88? Or what year is that? Technics in Time, the first volume.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 1994. Okay, pardon me, I confused the date there. But this is, in any case, you know, I think that in the English world,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that resistance, uh, to taking on, uhm, these more, uh, materialist subjects, if you will, uh, by, uh, you know, left-wing theorists or, or post-structurally influenced theorists, uh, actually continues longer. So I think you, in a French context, your work, for example, already signals a kind of shift.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but in the English world, I think, uh, it wasn't until, uh, speculative realism happened, uh, in 2007 or 2008, uhm, that people, I think, rejected, uh, aspects of this linguistic turn, uh, that had taken place, uh, with post-structuralism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and then I think that, uh, sort of, you know, finds a Marxist and political expression, uhm, within the context of left-wing accelerationism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, which is, is developed a few years later and, you know, uh, Nick Sernicek and Alex Williams write the Accelerate Manifesto in 2014. And I say left-wing accelerationism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, deliberately, uh, because we should differentiate here between, uh, the right accelerationism associated with Nick Land, in which hypercapitalism is identified as the sole means of achieving Deleuzian intensification,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and a more Marxian left accelerationism of Cernicek and Williams, uh, that seeks to repurpose capitalist technology to further a left agenda. And I know, for example, uh, that in the Accelerate Manifesto, uh, uh, they speak, uh, positively of Allende's, uh, use of cyberten- cybernetics in a Chilean context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so what, so again, we see slightly different temporalities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uh, you know, in an English and French context. Uhm, what is your position on, uh, accelerationism, uh, this accelerationist movement that's developed?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so hopefully, hopefully it works. Uhm, so uhm, Bernard, uh, we see some appreciation in the audience, people, people, very generous discourse, but you were talking about accelerationism and you were in the middle of describing your, your opinions about it. Uhm, talking about how you had, uh, Cernacek to your home and yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and it seems to me also that, you know, I think, I think something to be said in favor of what you're saying, uhm, is that I think,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, within, um, you know, certainly the reading of, uh, Deleuze, Pursued by Nick Land, uh, I think carried over into left accelerationism, uh, to some extent. Um, it's a little bit, uh, reductionist in terms of, uh, the need to accelerate purely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so of course we know in A Thousand Plateaus that, uh, Dula's offered, for example, a lot of revisions, uhm, to some of his early endorsements of acceleration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, you know, saying, well, you shouldn't go so fast that the body with an organs dissolves itself. And he was also, you know, responding to the experiences with students, right? You know, many of them had kind of taken, uh, anti-adip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? As a kind of, you know, injunction to, uh, behave as, uh, you know, cavalierly and adventurously as possible and to damage their lives, uhm, in turn. So, so for Deliz, that's more nuanced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's interesting here because it seems to me that, uh, what we see is that in a way, so your critique of, I think, accelerationism is that there's too much of a complicity with capitalist organization, too much of a complicity with consumerism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so that would be, you know, your position, uh, you know, your sort of left critique.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, you know, but of course there's also maybe a critique running the other way, right, that's been leveled at some of your own work. Uhm, and this is, you know, not explicitly an accelerationist, but I'm thinking about, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, Christopher Johnson, uh, and there's, there's a collection of essays, uh, that, uh, I believe Gerald Moore, uh, co-edited, uh, about your work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and one thing that he, he, he, you know, takes issue with, uh, is he, in a reading of Technics in Time, the first volume, uh, he claims that you kind of flatten the process of harmonization that's described by Larry Gorham.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uhm, so in other words that where for Lurigorohan, harmonization occurs gradually through chordal changes and things like this. Uhm, for, for you it occurs, uh, sort of dunku.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uhm, with the technical constitution of intelligence of the, uh, Zingentropis-Neanderthal transition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and specifically with the advent of, of bipedalism, so that anticipation derives from the, uh, chaîne operatoire, or the process of forethought, uh, required to extract tools or weapons from raw materials.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And looking at this, you know, and so this is sort of a critique of your work as uhm, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, under, understating the complexity of evolutionary transition, uhm, you know, and maybe trying to, uh, freeze a certain image of the human that can be deployed for a humanist philosophical end. And he looks at this and he, he describes and, you know, you're, you'll have the opportunity to respond to this, but he says,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a way, Stiegler is more interested with the essential and the originary, uh, than with the developmental, uh, and the emergent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, what, what do you think of that, that kind of critique? And I, I actually, I just raised Johnson's points because I know in sort of accelerationist circles often, uh, the negative characterization of your work that's sometimes put forth is that it's, it's humanist, right, or crypto-humanist. Uhm, so how would you respond to that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the context of Paul Virilio's theories of speed and technological transformation of the gays, to what extent do you think the forms of new capitalism and new form of state could emerge today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so what occurs to me, and I think this is all so fascinating, and what occurs to me is that, now you talked before about the need to activate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, different uh, philosophers, right? A philosophy is always a question of activation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and maybe Marx is a bit unique this way, or Marxism, uhm, and these sort of, uh, projects, uhm, because the materialist analysis means that its activation is not, uh, you know, an entirely intellectual matter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, now of course you yourself have made some remarkable practical interventions, uhm, you know, to try to, uh, you know, proposing the, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the territoire contributif, uh, and plain commune, uh, you work with, with Erie, uh, and so on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but I guess the question I'm asking, you talk about this distinction between reason and understanding, uhm, you know, in Kant and the need for, uh, uh, you know, forms of social deliberation, uh, in order to overcome this sort of totalizing analytic tendency.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, now one thing we know in Marx's work, of course, is that, very important to him, and, you know, in a certain way for Hagel as well, is the idea that, uh, there are, uh, social agents


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Who are capable, uh, of expressing, uh, the need, you know, the, the need for change. Right? So of course we know famously in Hagel's dialectic, we have Napoleon, who's the world spirit on horseback. Uh, later in Philosophy of Right, we have the bureaucrats. For Marx, the proletariat is a kind of universal class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and I guess more specifically what I would ask you is, where do you view the energy and, you know, the energy for change at a mass level as coming from? In which part of society?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to ask you, you're talking about generations, I want to ask you, uhm, we don't have so much time left, but I'd like to ask you, uh, one last question, uhm, about, uh, the generations of French philosophy. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, you know, in the post-World War II era, France has obviously played a very dominant role, uh, in this discourse. So much so that Alain Bidieu has classified the era that spawned the likes of Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Derrida as being similar in importance to the movement of German idealism, if you can believe that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but in terms of the present, right, not that, you know, sort of structuralist post-structuralist era existentialism, in terms of the present in France,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you know, Zizek has said that the philosophical environment in France is described as not very good, uhm, though not as bad as Germany apparently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but then, you know, so you have this opinion, right, that what's happening in France isn't very interesting, but then you have other contrasting opinions too. I know Ian Hamilton Grant, for example, uh, and he was part of the Speculative Realist, uh, uh, the Quartet of Thinkers, uh, in 2007, uh, who were at Goldsmiths. He writes on a lot on shelling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, in his book, Philosophies of Nature, after Schelling, he says that, and he talks a lot about Deleuze, but he talks about French philosophies being unique, uh, in that it's only within French philosophy that we can see that there's sort of a rapprochement with nature philosophies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uhm, now keep in mind he was writing this, you know, in 2007. But what he was saying was that prior to that, right, that in the English and German worlds, philosophy, uh, you know, in the 80s and 90s had become completely idealist, uh, in character. Uhm, but that, you know, if France in a certain way was responsible for instigating that development, that in a way France also offered the solution. Right? Uhm, you know. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, you know, I would, I would add further that, uhm, today, again, whatever criticisms one, one can say, or however negatively one might compare the environment in France, uh, to the, the post-war era, there's still a number of people, uh, working in a French context who are very, very well known. Uhm, I'm thinking of, of yourself, uhm, you know, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Catherine Malibu, uh, Frederick Lordand, uh, Quentin Mansou, uh, Bruno Latour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, what then is, is your opinion of, of the state of philosophy in France? And, and moreover, this claim by Grant that, uh, you know, French philosophy, while perhaps responsible for this kind of post-structuralist linguistic turn, uh, was maybe the first region in which, uh, a solution or a counter movement, uh, began to be conceptualized.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, that's a wonderful, wonderful interview. Yeah, very good, yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, I talk about that interview in the, in the Jordan Peterson book that I co-wrote, uh, myth and mayhem. So if you're interested, you can look at that. I quote the interview and discuss it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, okay, so uhm, uh, I think we're, our time's up. Uh, now I hope that's okay for you, Bernard. Do you feel like you've said everything that you wanted to say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Inevitable, right? Uhm, but uh, thank you, you so much Bernard, uh, for coming out. Uhm, you know, one thing that I hope, uh, that this...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, interview illustrates is that uhm, you know, you may agree with some of Bernard's positions, you may agree with all of them, you may agree with none of them, but I think if we're talking about the development of philosophy, uh, you know, he has been and continues to be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, a very, very important figure. And that's why also I drew special attention, I think, to the notion that some of the approaches to philosophy that were later popularized in the English world were things he was already thinking about, you know, 15, 20 years earlier, perhaps even earlier than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so, uh, thank you so much Bernard, uh, and, uh, thank you to, uh, Zero Books Readers, uh, for tuning in, uh, and, uhm, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe, eh, at some date in the future, we'll have another conversation. Thanks, Burda.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're audible, right? We're adequately audible?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uuuh, alright. Now, hang on, I'm gonna turn on the game audio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you hear the game audio? Is that balance acceptable for people?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, and just a note for tonight's stream in particular, any donations will be forwarded in support of Ukraine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well, uh, we'll keep this brief and then we'll end the stream and then go play Elden Ring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I'm gonna incorporate the rest of...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I play, uh, as in who do I main or who do I voice?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, tap. Okay, here we go. Well, there's a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's usually whoever hangs back that's the, that's the-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, that's why I'm evoking it. But usually the person who hangs back is the sussy bobini. Like, uh, oh, there they are. There are the two imposters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's, uh, Stephanie and, uh, Core. Easy. We're so good at this. Uh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this stream. Usually it's Zach or, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that's really upsetting. Yeah, I'm not gonna- I don't feel like contributing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would hate to go so early in the game. Alright, core's gone, which means we can do whatever this is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, if you were the one- Alright, well, I'll make sure that it's just me, and uh, someone else- Oh, I didn't have a taffy in here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'm making sure that there is someone present. I got my eyes on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, there- we are running out of chicken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why does, why does everybody have the angry eyebrows thing? That's horseshit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm watching you, General Isimo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What am I supposed to do? Oh, it's a-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I did one task, now I get to goof off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's see, I think we can rule out, uh, Steph as, uh, the killer because she had multiple chances. Oh look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, there we go. Now to the important things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With, with, with Erica? Yeaah. Well, I don't, I don't wanna be a third wheel. Except I feel safer as a third wheel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's too- there's too many people. Aw, how are the crewmates again? This is dumb. I wanna go so Discord.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh oh, I don't trust any of these people. Alright, everybody stay away from me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know his name. And it's Christy. It's Britton Christy. Alright. Uuuuh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So a whopper flower, the reason why, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not at home though. You get to see me in my flower farm at home. But when, but when I'm ordering a sandwich at Subway,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anyway, uh, technically speaking, the Impostors have done us no harm. Whereas our fellow crewmates...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna bring it down to one task exactly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, which is the last task that we should leave electrical?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cause he's, he's nice and innocent and I really should stop picking on him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I understand we're treading on very thin ice. I'll do a task, how about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. Ah, the consequences of my actions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because communications are sabotaged, I can't use the vents?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I don't even have to make up any of the things I'm saying. I just read off the page. Like, am I supposed to sound smart when I'm saying this? Okay, sure. You carry the order of the stars. What does that mean, carrying the order of the stars? Oh, wait.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you're right. Alright, well, who do you think it is? Pretty sure it's Sara.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh no, I was, I was trying to, I was trying to catch Cory in the act, so I hid in the vents, but I forgot that I was doing it right in front of him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, she stole, she stole my next pun. What did you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, it's fine. He's probably a murderer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. I actually am. I'm typically not very good at this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, then the dropship test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my goodness, electrical. Aww, only...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If only... Oh wait, no, it's the specimen room. Okay. There's still that one. The one in the specimen room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you? Hey look, the last task. This is so hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could end this right now. I could, look, look, I could just end the game right now. Do it. Do it. Do it. You sure this one goes in there? Oh, I accidentally did it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second, the second that Erika gets the role of killer, she's gonna go so apeshit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I, I don't, I do not feel safe. I can, I can see the contemplation and breeze.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, okay, someone find a dead body, oh my god. Uh oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, I just wanna stay within, within, uh, visual range. Within, uh, StoveGod's visual range. And they can keep me safe. Look at me, playing this like actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nah, still got that several chances. There we go, and see? Cory, the other killer, will, uh, protect me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I don't like how isolated we are. I'mma take refuge somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. I just feel very unsafe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if I get killed, there's only one person who could kill me right now, so at least, uh, ooh, we'll be vindicated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or I'll, uh, I'll have confirmed my hypothesis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen, I know that Brie is dead and that's sad, but what's also dead is my theory that it was Brie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, wait, actually, actually, Cory had several chances to kill me because I was following him around saying, ah, look at that. Killer, non-killer. And we were alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi. You are the prettiest Among Us player I've ever seen. Oh yea, you have to click the game window again. Oh look, there, there, there, uh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's fine, you're safe around Cory. He wouldn't hurt you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, definitely, uh, a sussy bunny.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hit tab. There you go. Electrical's got some stuff for you to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If Spark Knight kills us right now, that would be just the ultimate betrayal. Oh there, there's a thingy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. You did the tasks in Electrical. Let's see what else you got left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen, I've been waiting. I got so many of these saved up except-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Except for the vent bag. People who speak Japanese will get it. Oh, what are people talking about?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, uh, I have several social medias, but I'm really just only on Twitter. Uh, it's at Khoi Dao, K-H-O-I-D-A-O-O-O, with three O's.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go ahead and follow me there, uh, I will say that my faith in my species has deteriorated over the course of the game, so if my more recent tweets reflect that, there's your context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You did so good. Until, until Poonam... betrayed us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks much for your fascinating talk. Uhm, my question is in a way a follow up of the previous one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People become increasingly obsolete, um, surrounded by, uh, overwhelming distractions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so it seems to me that one has to elaborate, one has to develop strategies or rituals for paying attention. Sometimes defensive ones, sometimes generative ones. Perhaps we can even talk of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw Rie and Still got in the bottom left corner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Correct. We drove two and a half hours and arrived at the largest and best outlet shopping center in the western United States. Desert Hills Premium Outlets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So not even the remote location and hot weather can prevent the enthusiastic crowds of shoppers from coming here. You think we're going shopping today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you want to shop at the outlets without any problems, what will you need to know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't worry, during this trip to the outlet, we're going to learn it all. So what are you waiting for? Let's jump right in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't want to be lost and confused over clothing sizes, pay special attention to the following part.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Knowing the name of each type of clothing is a basic requirement of a shopaholic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, take a look at these. Do you know the names for all of them?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I remember Claudia once said that she had only visited this outlet once. Seeing her so happy while shopping here, I'm going to guess that she'll become a frequent visitor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My name's Mark Fennell and thank you so much for coming out tonight. Give yourselves a round of applause for being here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bojack Horseman is one of the most unique comedies that have been made anywhere in the world and the man behind it... Actually, let's just bring him out on the stage. Will you please welcome Raphael Bob-Waksberg!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Speaking about nitpicky things, you do have a world where humans and animals seem to coexist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanna know, what the fuck did Maggie Gyllenhaal do to piss you off that she became a maggot Gyllenhaal?


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[Assistant] Manage the tone around that because when you are in an environment where like even when BoJack has a huge success is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way the show rolls out, there's such a huge gap between when you're making it


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[Assistant] And when people watch it and the way people watch it is time shifted to such a degree that they're watching it months and years after.


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[Assistant] Have you ever thought, I should sit back and binge my own show before I go out and do press?


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[Assistant] Did you pitch it as an animation? Cause I wanna know where the image, cause it starts with a picture that a friend of yours drew of a horse, is that right? Yeah. So take me back to that image, where did that image come from?


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[Assistant] How long did it take you to learn that lesson that you had power in saying no?


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[Assistant] In the position that you're in as a guy that runs a TV show, what do you do? What can you do?


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[Assistant] Some challenges I guess in terms of how you, when you started to cast characters as humans or animals as well, you were very careful that that didn't necessarily cross into racial lines as well.


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[Assistant] I should let you know, the first ten people that ask a question...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, uhm, you have the tallest hands, so you're going first. Wait for the microphone to come to you though.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I should say that at the end of this we will have a snakepeak at the new season.


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[Assistant] Great, uhm, alright, there is that woman over there with the orange cardigan. No, it's an overalls, it's fine.


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[Assistant] I love that success is gradually beating the nihilism out of you. Who else has a question? Uh, there is, yeah, oh, there you go. Dude already with a microphone. Take them. Get away from me. Hey there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In my mind you're like toddlers when you do that. Yeah, we were. Who else has a question? We had a few from the front. Let's maybe get somebody, that gentleman there with the scarf and the lanyard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, uh, this woman down here who I meant to point to before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In terms, it's hard because you're obviously doing all the episodes at once, but is there a rough, can you give a rough timeline of how long it goes from a script to a delivery?


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[Assistant] Who else has this gentleman here with the blue shirt? I don't know why I'm singing these things, sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're doing great on the colors by the way, I never would know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so obscure. Alright, uh, this gentleman here, this one down the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I reckon we've got time for two questions and then we are going to roll the special preview exclusive. A special clip. Of uh, of season four. Uh, dude with the ponytail and the white shirt.


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[Assistant] Alright, ah, one last question. Is going to that girl there, right behind the microphone. Yes, you.


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[Assistant] The Singing Sands Mountain is located in Dunhuang in Western China.


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[Assistant] Nestling between the tall sand dunes, there is a little miracle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The formation and continuous existence of the crescent spring are all related to its topography.


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[Assistant] And overflows through a porous geological layer to form the crescent spring.


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[Assistant] Although it's extremely dry here, with the annual evaporation being more than 60 times that of the annual precipitation,


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[Assistant] The stable water source ensures a sustainable water supply to the spring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whenever there's a sandstorm, it forms an upward spiral airflow between the surrounding sand mountains.


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[Assistant] Sending the sand at the foot back to the top of the sand mountain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ancient Silk Road once passed by the Crescent Spring.


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[Assistant] In the last couple of days, we were awestruck by the dazzling wealth of capitalism in West London.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, we were going to East London to see another side of the city.


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[Assistant] How do they differ? For starters, the architecture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello, welcome back, okay. We're continuing on the story with Jill at the eye doctor. She's getting a new pair of glasses. Now, this is interesting. We talked about this before. You should already know this. Did you know? You should already know. It's talking about lenses, and I told you about this already.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Inside the eye, okay? So that's something else. I told you that a lens is the glass part, right? But you also have a lens in your body.


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[Assistant] It's made of your eye. The lens is on your eye and it's curved and you can see through it. You know, your skin, you can't see through it. But on your eye, it doesn't have skin. It has a special substance. There's a lens there. Okay? It helps us see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But sometimes, for some people, like me, the lens is not perfect. There's, it's not the perfect shape. So it's hard to see. So what happens is we use another lens, like the one in this glass. It's also see-through. I can see through it.


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[Assistant] And if I put it in front of my eyes, wow, I can see, right? It helps me to see.


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[Assistant] The lenses and glasses help us see too, just like these glasses here. Okay? So let's continue with Jill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then I put on special glasses. These are the special glasses. They're not normal glasses. If you wear these glasses, your friends will say, whoa, are you in a science fiction movie? Right? They're very special glasses, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I looked at letters and pictures on a sheet of paper. Okay? So now she's going to look at, through these special glasses, at letters and figures on a sheet of paper.


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[Assistant] Here are the glasses here. They look cool, don't they? If you had these glasses, maybe your friends will say, wow, those are really cool glasses. Right? But they're very expensive and they're not very comfortable. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The eye doctor tested my 3D vision next. 3D vision. You know you have different kinds of vision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have vision to see if something is clear or blurry.


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[Assistant] Well you probably know 3D from your computer or video games, right? 3D is, is not just long and tall, but also deep, right? So 3D is three dimensions, right? Long, tall, and deep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, those are the three dimensions. And every object that we look at has those three dimensions. So the doctor tests her 3D vision next.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wore different glasses. I looked at circles. I looked at animal pictures, right? I told the eye doctor which pictures looked 3D.


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[Assistant] You can see these pictures here. Some of these pictures, like these circles will seem to be closer and some circles will seem to be farther. That measures 3D, right? The depth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How deep something is and so she can see that and the doctor can test how well she can see in 3D with special glasses.


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[Assistant] Some pictures appeared flat. And these are the 3D glasses that she's wearing, right?


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[Assistant] Did you ever go see a movie, maybe a Disney movie or animation movie, where you wear special 3D glasses? Then you can see the movie. It looks like things are coming out of the movie towards you, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's like these glasses here. And these glasses help her see those things that look like it's coming off the page. They're pretty cool too. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So some pictures looked 3D, some pictures seemed flat, no depth.


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[Assistant] Okay, so she's testing 3D vision here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She also tested, what's this, color. She tests for color. Some people have a hard time, very few people have a hard time, they cannot see the different colors, right? Can you see the five here?


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[Assistant] Some people can't see the five. All they see is all orange, right? And here, what letter is, uh, what number? What number is this? This, of course I'm making the shape too, it's a three. Some people can't see that. It looks like all one color. So we call that color vision. Let's read.


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[Assistant] The next test was fun. The eye doctor checked my color vision. So she checked the color vision. And you don't need glasses for that. It's just your eyes, right? There's no special glasses that you need to check the color vision.


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[Assistant] She gave me a book. She gave me a book. This is the book here.


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[Assistant] It had lots of colored dots. Just like here, lots of colored dots. And you can see there's many pages in the book.


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[Assistant] I could see numbers among the dots. You can see the number three among the dots. Among means inside of, surrounded by, right? There are dots all around. So there are numbers among the dots.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That meant I was not colorblind.


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[Assistant] If you cannot see the numbers, then we say that person is colorblind.


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[Assistant] So the eye doctor needs to know all of this information. The eye doctor needs to know can your eyes see clear or blurry? Can your eyes see 3D or not? And can you see the different colors or not? So the doctor is getting all of this information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, the eye doctor tested me for eye diseases. Now you can have a disease in your eye, a disease or infection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Myung, right? Infection. It's possible. So the doctor wants to make sure you have no disease, no infection.


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[Assistant] She used another machine. This is the machine that she used.


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[Assistant] I remembered this machine. I don't like this machine. It always...


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[Assistant] I don't like it because my eyes are very sensitive. But you push your forehead on this


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[Assistant] First, she checked the front surface of my eyes. The front surface of my eyes. Just the lens, right? And we can see the different parts of the eyes. Remember, before I taught you guys about pupils.


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[Assistant] The pupil is the black circle. We can see the black circle here.


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[Assistant] Now I didn't talk about the color around the black circle.


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[Assistant] What is the color around the black circle? We call that the iris. And you know, different people have different colors of the iris. When you say what color are your eyes, you're talking about the iris. What color is it?


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[Assistant] Many, for many people it's brown, it can be black, some people it can be blue, right? It can be green. What color are your eyes? So that, when they talk about that, they're talking about the color of the iris. It's the colored circle around the pupil. Okay?


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[Assistant] And the doctor can see very clearly those things. So first the doctor check the front surface.


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[Assistant] Then she used a different machine and we can see that machine is here, right? That's a little bit more, uh, it's a little smaller and she's looking at one eye at a time. With this machine, she could see the back of my eyes. She could see


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Through my eye to the back of the eye. What is she looking for?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She checked the blood vessels. Blood vessels. Blood vessels, you know, your body is full of blood. If, don't cut yourself, but if you cut yourself or you fall down and you scrape, their blood comes out. Blood is everywhere in your body.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, blood goes through these vessels, right? Blood travels through your body through blood vessels. And you have blood vessels at the back of your eye, right? So she wants to check those to see if they look good.


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[Assistant] She said that my eyes were healthy. No problem, no disease, no infection. The blood vessels look good.


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[Assistant] So Jill has some problem with her eyes. Her mother thinks, mmm, I think you might need to go get glasses. So she goes to the eye doctor and she has many, many different tests and the doctor uses many, many different machines. But in the end, after everything,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jill's eyes are okay, they're healthy, but she just needs glasses. Only needs glasses. Nothing else. She needs glasses to see well. She just needs glasses.


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[Assistant] Now there are two types of problems that many people have who wear glasses, right? I wear glasses, right? Why do I wear glasses? Why do you wear glasses if you wear glasses? There's two reasons. One reason,


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[Assistant] Is because people have nearsighted vision.


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[Assistant] Nearsighted vision. The other one is farsighted vision.


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[Assistant] Well look at these pictures here. They're the same picture, but you can see different things. In the case of nearsighted vision, you can see the dog very well. The dog is very clear, but the background is blurry. It's hard to see.


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[Assistant] So nearsighted vision, trouble seeing things that are far away.


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[Assistant] If you take your glasses off, right, you look around, where, where, where is everybody? Where's the camera? Where's, oh, oh, there, there.


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[Assistant] Ah, there's the camera. Okay. See, I have a hard time seeing the camera, right? But,


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[Assistant] I can read this paper no problem. I can see the paper. I can read it. It's very easy to read the paper. So I am nearsighted. Okay?


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[Assistant] That's my problem. I'm nearsighted. I can see the dog, but things far away, I can't see too well. Now some people are farsighted. That means that when they don't have glasses, they can see things that are far away. Oh, it's very clear. But they can't read. They can't see things that are close by.


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[Assistant] Far-sighted vision troubles seeing things that are close. Usually older people have this problem. They have the far-sighted problem. They can, they can see things that are far away, but they can't read things like a book or medicine, uh, label, something like that. It's hard for them to see that. And that's far-sighted vision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you wear glasses, which one are you? Are you nearsighted or are you farsighted? This helps you know that if you're nearsighted, you can see things that are near. If you're farsighted, you can see things that are far away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, very interesting. We're learning a lot about our eyes in this lesson. Let's take a short break here and then we'll come back and we'll finish it up because Jill still has to do one more thing. She has to pick out what fashionable frames there are. We'll learn about that in the next lesson.


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[Assistant] Uhm, Sarah Lynn is one of the best characters we get the pleasure of seeing on television. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Let's see, what about the, uh, what about the blue


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[Assistant] Yeaah, alright, I'm gonna keep listening to this song too.


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[Assistant] Oh man, I gotta take the earphones off for that.


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[Assistant] Alright, we're here on the beach. I've got the blue Hawaii in my hand.


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[Assistant] You've absolutely got to try a blue Hawaii. Dip your feet in the water.


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[Assistant] If you come to Hawaii, you've absolutely got to try a blue Hawaii.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Written by Lorena F. DiBello Illustrated by Angela Kamstra Jacobson


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[Assistant] Okay, welcome back. We're learning how maple syrup is made. And we learned that sugar makers, which are a special type of farmer, use maple trees, sugar maple trees, to get the sap and they collect the sap in big tanks. Now it's an interesting fact over here. Did you know?


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[Assistant] Forests of sugar maple trees are called sugar bushes. That's interesting. And we gotta be careful there. First of all, we have this word forests. A forest is


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[Assistant] A group of many, many, many trees. A forest is a large area and there's many trees growing in that area. So that is a forest.


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[Assistant] Then we have this word over here, bush. Now, normally, usually, most of the time, a bush is a small plant. It's not a tree, it's very, it's smaller and it has lots of leaves, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are many bushes in the park, probably near your house. If you live in an apartment complex, in front of your apartment complex, you probably have lots of bushes. They're small plants. They're for decoration. They look good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the normal use for bush. But in this case, forests of sugar maple trees are called sugar bushes.


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[Assistant] So the whole forest, if there are many maple trees, sugar maple trees, only sugar maple trees, then you can call that whole area a sugar


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[Assistant] People use in their job and sometimes we find words like this.


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[Assistant] Some certain jobs, people who do those jobs, they'll use special words that are not normal words that most people don't use and most people don't know. I didn't know that.


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[Assistant] I didn't know that you call a forest of sugar maple trees a bush.


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[Assistant] If I hear bush, I think it's a small tree. Right? I'm a small plant. Like, like a tree, but it's a small, uh, small plant. Not a whole forest. Okay? So this is a special word that some people use in their jobs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So sometimes you hear these types of words and you learn them. Interesting.


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[Assistant] Let's continue with how to make syrup. Okay, so we talked about sugar makers, now we have a sugar house. A house made of sugar? Mmm, sounds great. No, it's not a house made of sugar, I'm sorry. It's a house where the sugar is made, or the syrup is made. Let's read.


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[Assistant] The family. Remember the family in Canada went to a maple farm to see how maple syrup is made. Well the family's not just looking, they're helping, right? They're doing some work also. Good family, right? The family help the sugar makers.


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[Assistant] They collect the full buckets, right?


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[Assistant] So in this case, they're still using the buckets. They're not using the big tank, they're using the buckets. And like I said before, taking each one of those buckets, that's a lot of hard work. They're heavy.


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[Assistant] So with many people, you can do the job quickly, work as a team. Everybody takes the bucket, right? They collect the full buckets.


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[Assistant] They take them to the sugar house. And this is the sugar house here. And this man looks like he is the sugar maker. Right?


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[Assistant] Where do sugar makers come from? Right? It's kind of a special job. It's an interesting job. Where do they come from? How does this job get started? Well,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first sugar makers were Native Americans.


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[Assistant] Native Americans are also called Indians, right? They are the people who lived in America, North America, Central America, and South America before the Europeans, Christopher Columbus,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They came over and found the New World, the Americas, right? They are the Native Americans. They lived there before the Europeans came. They are the Native Americans. And they lived in Canada and America and Central America and South America for a very long time. They knew


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their world, they knew what trees were good to use. They knew how to farm plants in their home, in their area.


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[Assistant] So they were the first people to make syrup from maple trees. They found out how to make syrup. They were the first sugar makers.


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[Assistant] I don't know if my pronunciation is good, because I don't speak this type of language, but they called it, okay? These are the first sugar makers, and look what they're doing. They have the tree here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looks like the maple tree and they're cooking the sap and they're making maple syrup from it.


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[Assistant] So it's an interesting idea. It's an interesting way to make sugar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Trees don't seem very sweet, right? Especially, I wouldn't recommend it, but if you lick a piece of wood,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not sweet. Sometimes it's blech. And sometimes it can be dangerous, so be careful. But, uh, but I wouldn't expect it to be sugar or sweet. But the Native Americans found out how to get sugar from these trees. So they were the first sugar makers. Very interesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so making maple syrup. So how do they make something sweet from this tree? Well, it's very simple really. Making maple syrup. The sap is boiled in the sugar house. That's it. Boiled. They boil the sap. So they get the juice from the trees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they put it in a pot and they have a fire underneath or some heat and it gets so hot that the liquid starts to bubble and that's boiling. Your mother probably boils water every day to make food. When you make ramyeon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You boil the water first. You put the water over heat. It bubbles. Then you put the noodles and the spices in. So boiling is very easy to do. It's very common. The sap is boiled in the sugar house. It gets sweeter. It gets thicker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After a while, it turns into syrup. And that's it. Just boiling the sap makes it sweeter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Makes it thicker, right? Thicker means, you know, water is very thin. But syrup has some, uh, weight. It seems heavier. It's, uh, it's harder to, to, uh, to flow, right? It's thicker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After a while, right? It turns into, it changes, turns into something, means it changes from one thing into another, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A caterpillar turns into a butterfly. A baby turns into a child. A child turns into a teenager. A teenager turns into an adult. So when something changes from one thing to another, we say it turns into that thing. So the sap, the sap


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's how syrup is made. It's pretty amazing, huh?


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[Assistant] Here they're looking at all the big tanks where it's being boiled. Here's the mom and the daughter. And they're looking at the sap as it's boiling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And after it's boiled, right, they get little cups. And look at their tongue. Look at her tongue, right? She's going, mmmm, because it's very sweet, right? It's also a little sticky. So if you get it on your, on your mouth, you have to lick it off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sweet and sticky, right? And they have it in their cups.


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[Assistant] They look very happy because it's very sweet. It's almost like sugar, really. Okay? And that is how maple syrup is made.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, let's take a break here. We'll come back and we'll learn how to use maple syrup, right? We already know you pour it on pancakes, but is there anything else we can do with it? Well, we'll learn about that in the next part of the lesson. See you then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, you must find three specific pieces of modern art. Here are your clues to find them. Number one, the hidden goat.


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[Assistant] That must be really easy because most of the art there is probably on the wall.


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[Assistant] Because this is a urinal, tilted sideways. Ladies room. Am I right?


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[Assistant] Failure means that you will need to search for a drop bear. So I'm assuming that means find five animals that are indigenous to this country, right? Okay.


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[Assistant] Oh my gosh. And the fur is kind of like a stormy gray color.


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[Assistant] Okay, well, I really have no idea what animal poops in cubes, but since we're here with the kangaroos...


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[Assistant] I'm so happy to be here and to be seeing kangaroos and wallabies up close. I'm trying to sort through all my feelings because this is a really exciting moment for me. I guess...


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[Assistant] But they also just seem pretty calm. I think when you see kangaroos, you know, in videos out in the wild, they're like bouncing everywhere and you think they're just, you know, running crazy. But I think maybe because these ones are used to people walking around, they're more docile and that's


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we were just in an enclosure with emus and I didn't see any moving backwards. Also,


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[Assistant] I thought the emos looked a whole lot like ostriches, so I'm guessing that this clue refers to the emu? Yea, you wanna see the idea? Let's go back so I can grab that picture with it, okay? Sounds good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eemoo really does look very similar to an ostrich. You know, they have those long feathers and they're much bigger than your average bird, but


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess they're different because ostriches have, you know, like a really long neck and their head is all the way up here, whereas emus seem perhaps a little bit more compact and they have these black fuzzy, fuzzy heads. Emus look really serious.


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[Assistant] Like they're always calculating and trying to scratch their butt.


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[Assistant] But alas, this is not the animal I should be looking for. What's over here?


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[Assistant] I'm guessing this is the one, but I'm not sure the creature's name, and I don't really see a name placard. It's a quokka.


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[Assistant] Every time I say his name, the ear twitches. Or maybe I'm just imagining it. Andy? Yea? Check out your back. My back? Over here? Yea. Okay, let's go this way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So right now they're in their burrow, or I guess we're in their burrow. And it also says here, they emerge in the early evening to feed on grass. So I guess we shouldn't expect to see them up and being active anytime soon. But just to see them asleep is still pretty cool. I've never ever seen a wombat before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw so many different types of animals. But one thing that I was reminded of when I came to this zoo is if an animal is not right out in front of you and you can't really see it, that's okay because they're napping and they have their own plan for the day. We're just visitors and we eventually did get to see some wombats even though they were sleeping.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but just something that I'm glad I was reminded of that we're just visiting and to let the animals do their thing. But right now we're standing in front of some giraffes and they're having their lunch I think. So what a fitting way to end this episode. Thank you for joining me and maybe I'll go have my lunch now with them. See you later. Bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They look like they're in great shape. They're just calm creatures going about their day to day life. You're too much.


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[Assistant] If the emos looked a whole lot like ostriches, I would run for my life. That one kind of kept to itself in the shade.


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[Assistant] I rake the orange leaf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. Makes me an official participant in the Aloha Festival.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright folks, we're about to enter the Aloha Festival. I'm really excited because this only happens once per year here in Hawaii. So...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's go explore and see what kind of mischief we can get into.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's here now, finally. The mission card in the Aloha Festival. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my goodness. Alright, well. I do. Let's find some souvenirs. Come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, pretty cool stuff. On to the next one. We're looking for something that starts with the letter H. I think I see something up here that might qualify as a hat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wouldn't call that a hat? Okay, I guess it's like a laurel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think, okay, how about this, we'll count this for the L. It's a laurel, right? It's like leaves that you wear on your head. That's a laurel, right? Come on, agree with me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uuuh. Alright, I'm gonna ask her opinion. If she says it's a hat, then it's a hat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, I have a very important question. Would you call this a hat?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think she's only saying that to spite me, because she knows I'm not buying anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, this is for an educational program that will air in China.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One more item, come on, I can smell victory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright folks, I think we found the last letter that we're looking for today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really? She makes all of this? Yea. Wow. It's beautiful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And your mom is ducking down, she doesn't want to be interviewed right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's, let's do the dare first, and then we'll see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you girls just sit around and think of the worst things you could make me do?


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[Assistant] You know what? Okay, that's fine. Give me, give me the truth then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is true. But, you know what? I think I've made my decision. In the last few days...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of like there's wind on the surface of the water, there's a lot of little white caps. As we fall asleep,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and as we lose consciousness, it's like the wind is quieted down and you see the undulating waves beneath it. Activity all across the brain decreases dramatically. If you wake people up out of this state and ask them what they were thinking, they'll say, nothing, you know, let me go back to sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our brain waves look exactly like we're awake. Neurons are talking to each other, sending out signals to move and speak and jump.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But for most people, only the eyes act out their dreams. They were dreaming that they were watching a tennis game, their eyes will go back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One area of the brain that's off is the logical judgment filter. So that's probably why our dreams are so bizarre and don't make any sense.


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[Assistant] Forgetting is really an important part of learning, and it seems like REM sleep is really important for erasing things that our brain needs to erase, that it doesn't need to store, so you can incorporate new pieces of information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This selective forgetfulness might help people work through emotional memories. If you've been through a traumatic experience, you're fighting in Afghanistan and you hear the sound of a helicopter and you need to get out of its way or you'll be in trouble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you come back home after a tour of duty and you see and hear a helicopter approaching, you don't want all of the same fear signals to be going off in your body. Instead, you want to incorporate the context of safety. That was then, that was there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In order to incorporate that new piece of information, like I'm home now, into that old memory,


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[Assistant] We can test out new ideas, put things together without the constraints of logic.


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[Assistant] We dress up on game day.


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[Assistant] We see friends on game day.


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[Assistant] We paint faces on game day.


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[Assistant] We eat snacks on game day.


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[Assistant] We play football on game day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this video, we're going to have a look at how cues are used to do a breadth first search. And then we're going to look at the actual implementation details of how enqueuing and dequeuing elements works. Okay, onto the breadth first search example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So a breath first search is an operation we can do on the graph to do a graph traversal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But first I should explain the breadth first search in the breadth first search. The objective is to start a node and traverse the entire graph. First by visiting all the neighbors of the starting node, and then visiting all the neighbors of the first node you visited and then


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the neighbors of the second node you visited and so on and so forth.


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[Assistant] So you can think of each iteration of the breadth first search as expanding the frontier from one node outwards at each iteration as you go on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's begin our breadth first search at node zero. So I'm going to label node zero as yellow and put it in the frontier or the visiting group.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now I'm going to visit all the neighbors of zero being one and nine and add those to the frontier. And then I'm going to visit all the neighbors of one and nine being only eight


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Similarly, for eight, so seven, then visit all the neighbors of seven. So I added a bunch of elements to my frontier. And now visit all the neighbors of the yellow nodes. And


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we're done our breath first search because we no longer have any elements on frontier. Notice that there's 12


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is still unvisited because 12 is a loner node on an island all by itself. So we're not able to reach it via breadth first search, which is fine. Suppose you want to actually code a breadth first search, how would that be done? Well, the idea is to use a queue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then for every neighbor of this node, we just dequeued.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the neighbor has not been visited yet, mark the neighbors visited and add it to the queue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really, really useful, very, very popular graph traversal algorithm. So now let's look at implementation of cues. So let's begin with enqueuing. So it turns out that you can implement


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Q abstract data type in multiple different ways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the most popular methods are to either use arrays, singly linked lists or doubly linked lists.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, big enough. If it's a static array, if it's a dynamic array, then you'll be fine. But here I'm going to show you how to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now de queuing is a bit of the opposite. Instead of pushing the tail forward, we're going to be pushing the head forward. So push the head forward one and then


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The element that was left over was the one we want to DQ and return to the user.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when we push the head pointer forward, we set the last note to null so that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It can be picked up by the garbage collector if you're in Java.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And forward again, and at the very end, if we add a bunch of elements and remove them all, then the head and the tail again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we can look at that in some details. Also, if you want the queue source code, that's in the next video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There should also be a link in the description. So guys, thanks for watching and see you in the next video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, the situation is taking place in a hotel and someone is checking in and is obtaining an upgrade.


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[Assistant] There's some interesting phrases and vocabulary items here, and I know, Marco, you want to talk about some of them.


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[Assistant] I'm sorry sir, I don't have a reservation under that name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes. Well, I have chosen another useful phrase for you and it is mix up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There seems to be a mix up. Before we talk about this phrase, let's listen to some examples of how it is used.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well guys, so a mix-up is a confusion or a misunderstanding.


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[Assistant] Right, so they cannot accept any more people.


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[Assistant] There's so many other situations where you can use this word or hear it from other native English speakers. Uhm, for example, a bus or a train can be overbooked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a similar story but I'm not gonna tell you about it now. For now, let's go and listen to the dialogue one more time and when we come back we'll talk some more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love listening to this dialogue. It just, uh, it's just so nice to see that someone is enjoying his upgrade so much, huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had a similar experience as well. I was flying from Shanghai to Qatar and, uh, I actually had an economy seat but for some reason they just upgraded me and I was so happy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, and we would also appreciate your suggestions. And uhm, I hope you enjoyed the lesson today and Marco and I will be back tomorrow with another great lesson for you. But for now, it's bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. So, I think Marco, you have chosen some interesting expressions for us here. What is the first one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll go with. I'll go with. So basically it's another way of saying I'm choosing.


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[Assistant] Marco, why did this waiter get angry at the customer?


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[Assistant] Hey man, the end of the line is over there. Yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hate it when people cut in line at the bank. It's so rude.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey man, the end of the line is over there. Yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, queuing. It's very important in England. We're very proud of our queues. It's true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, we would, uh, you know, perhaps say something, and we have systems, you know, in London, on the, on the metro.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, on the underground. You have to stand on the escalators on the right and queue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh gosh, uhm, things like in the supermarket when you're trying to find some vegetables or something, I'd never push, I'd never sort of reach round or anything. I'd just wait until that person had finished picking up their stuff and then, and then go in. So just, just try and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is common to you, to you, and to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that means you can gently get accustomed to it so you can kind of build up the technique and then by the time you get to the bigger one you should hopefully be a bit more used to it.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome to EnglishPod, my name is Marco.


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[Assistant] I'm doing pretty good. I'm excited about this lesson that you have for us today.


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[Assistant] Great. So, let's listen to this dialogue and when we come back we'll take a look at all the interesting and useful vocabulary that you'll find.


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[Assistant] Yeah, he's uh, I don't know why though he's surprised. I think we should talk about that a little bit later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, the first one that I want to take a look at is resources.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Resources. Resources. Resources. And that means, in this text, basically money. Right. So the office doesn't have enough money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perfect, okay. Uhm, the next one is timing is just not right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let's listen to how we can use this entire phrase in a different situation so then we can understand what it means. Let's listen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, great, I guess that makes it, uh, clear.


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[Assistant] If you have a lot of things to do and I come and help you, that means that I took some of the weight off your shoulders. Yes. Let's look at the next phrase that we have here and it's give me a hand. Give me a hand. Give me a hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now this is not literal, it's not that I'm gonna give you somebody's hand, right? Let's listen to some examples and then we can come back and explain what it means.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, many companies for example now, uh, control how much printing you do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perfect. Okay, I think it's time for us to listen to this dialogue one more time, but I want everyone to listen and see why Tony is surprised at the end when he meets his intern, when he meets his assistant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I think that's exactly what he was expecting. Maybe this guy is a little bit sexist. He thought that an intern should be a girl, but instead he was surprised.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, and it looks like Adam is really big and really tall because he's got that deep voice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, I mean, even if you don't get paid, the experience that you get is really good and uhm, that just opens doors for maybe getting another job or sometimes the interns get hired by the company to stay because they do such a good job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that happened to me once. I started working as an intern and, uh, after three months, I was hired by the company. So, it does happen, believe me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, we'll be back tomorrow with another really cool and really interesting lesson from EnglishPod. Don't forget to come to our website at EnglishPod.com where you'll find some really great and interesting resources to help you learn and improve your English even more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So an outline of things we'll be covering about the union find. First, I'll be going over a motivating example magnets, just to illustrate how useful the union find can be. Then we'll go over a classic example of an algorithm which uses the union find.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Specifically, Kruskal's minimum spanning tree algorithm, which is very elegant and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'll see why it needs the union find to get the complexity it has.


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[Assistant] Then we're going to go into some detail concerning the find and the union operations, the two core operations, the union find uses. And finally, we'll have a look at path compression.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's dive into some discussion examples concerning the union find


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[Assistant] So what what is a union find? So the union finds the data structure that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tracks elements which are split into one or more disjoint sets.


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[Assistant] And the union find has two primary operations, find and union.


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[Assistant] What find does is given an element, the union find will tell you what group that element belongs to. And union


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Merges two groups together.


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[Assistant] So if we have this example with magnets, suppose all these gray rectangles you see on the screen are magnets. And also suppose that the magnets have a very high attraction to each other, meaning they want to merge together to form some sort of configuration. So


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I label all the magnets and give them numbers, and we start merging the magnets of the highest attraction, first we're going to merge six and eight together since they're the closest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in our union find, we would say union six and eight.


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[Assistant] And when we do a lookup on to find out which groups six and eight belong to, they would belong to the blue group.


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[Assistant] Now perhaps two, three and three and four are highly attractive to each other. So they would form a group. So they would form the yellow group. And perhaps 1013 and 14 would also form a group. And this keeps on going and we unify magnets into groups.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And perhaps we merge some magnets onto already existing groups. So we unify a gray


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Magnets, which is just a magnet in its own group to an already existing group. But also we can unify


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Groups of madness which are different colors. And then we assign it an arbitrary color. So


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, blue, so suddenly everything in the yellow group went into the blue group.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now when we would do a lookup in our union find to determine which group


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Say two, three or four are now would say, oh, you're in the blue group. And the unit fine does all this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Merging and finding in a very efficient manner which is why it's so handy to have around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not explaining currently how that works. We'll get into that in the later video. This is just a motivating example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So where are other places that the union find is used? Well, we, we


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we see the unifying again in kusus minimum spanning tree algorithm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In another problem called grid percolation, where there's a bunch of dots on a grid, and we're trying to see if there's a path from the bottom of the grid to the top of the grid, or vice versa, then the union find lets us do that efficiently by merging together paths


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, similar kind of problem in network connectivity are two vertices in the graph connected to each other through a series of edges. And also perhaps in some more advanced examples, like the least common ancestor in a tree, and also an image processing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what kind of complexity can we attribute to the union find?


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[Assistant] The complexity is excellent. So its construction is linear time, which isn't actually bad at all.


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[Assistant] Then the union find get component and check if connected operations all happened in what's called amortized constant time. So almost constant time, although not quite constant time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And finally, count components, or we can determine how many components or in our magnet examples, how many different groups of magnets we have. And we can do that in constant time, which is really, really great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the next video, we're going to have a look at Kruskal's minimum spanning tree algorithm and how it uses the union find.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So guys, thank you for watching, and I will catch you then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome back to EnglishPod. My name is Marco. And I'm Erica. And today with Erica we have an upper intermediate lesson. That's right, an upper intermediate lesson that's a little bit strange. It's a little bit strange but it's a real English lesson because that's what we give you here at EnglishPod.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'll never guess what I saw. Exactly. That's gossip. And we also have language today to describe things. To describe strange things. Strange things. Alright, so let's take a look at our vocabulary preview. Vocabulary preview.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, and the first word is weird. Weird. Weird. Weird. Now this is a common word you probably hear all the time and in a lot of different situations, so we wanted to explain it today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just such a good sounding word. Weird. It is. Okay, but the thing is that even though it's probably more commonly used in American English, it's still widely used for British English as well. Yeah, that's true. So, but maybe in British English you would say something like... Odd. It's odd. Yeah. That's more common. Okay, let's look at our second word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Housewarming gift. Housewarming gift. Housewarming gift. Housewarming gift. Now this is a cultural thing, it's really common in North America to give a housewarming gift to someone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, let's take a look at our language takeaway and look at some of these great words.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, and we have four of them for you today. Why don't we look at the first one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, that makes sense. I have a bad feeling about something. Exactly. Okay, let's look at our second word now. So when someone kicks you out, it's they force you to leave. You don't want to leave, but they force you to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll have to ask him, I'm sure he has. Alright, so that's what it means. You force someone to leave the house, leave the class, leave the bed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly. Great. Let's look at our third word now. Creept me out. Creept me out. Creept me out. Creept me out. Now this is a really common phrase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, well I have a confession to make. I'm kinda creeped out by clowns.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I don't know, they're just creepy, they're, they scare me. Really? What is it about clowns that scare you so much? I don't know, they're just white faces and weird paint, I don't know, it's just creepy, the way they laugh, I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Probably, I watched a scary movie about clowns or something. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we're ready to listen to our dialogue again. Now, try and see if you can catch all these phrases that we just talked about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a good observation, so I think it's time for Fluency Builder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's a really good phrase. You're saying exactly the same thing, but in a really natural way. It's a great one for God.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] See, that's exactly how you would use that phrase. So now let's take a look at our second item. Now, when you're gossiping, you want information.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or something like, give me the details.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fill me in, yeaah, that's, that's what I would say. Fill me in, you know, give me the details. Fill me in. Fill me in on today's gossip. Okay, so let's take a look at our third item. Now, if you have some juicy, gossipy news...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a really good phrase. You can change it a little bit. You can say, you'll never guess who I saw. Or you'll never guess what I heard. Exactly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, that's a true story, real English, real story, there you go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we want to hear your comments and suggestions about this topic. I bet a lot of our listeners also have creepy stories, maybe ghost stories, maybe, I don't know, different types of weird stories. So you guys should definitely log on to EnglishPod and share them with us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, so we want to hear all your juicy stories. And gossip maybe as well. Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, well it's time for us to go, so be sure to listen to us next time, but until then, it's... Bye bye! Bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey Kevin, today's mission will get your heart racing. You should ride as many rides as possible at Universal Studios and determine which one gets your blood flowing the most.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you know what? This sounds like a lot of fun. I think this mission should be a walk in the park for me. There's two different parts here. There's the upper lot and the lower lot. And I think that the best way to start your day is to head to the lower lot first. Come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think the first ride we're gonna ride today is the Transformers ride up ahead. Transformers the ride, 3D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whoo, man, that was awesome. Holy cow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Check it out, my heartbeat was measured at 74 beats per minute. That's not bad. But uh, you know what?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but, here's my two cents. If you do ride that ride, I suggest sitting in the front row, right? The front row is always better than the back row for a ride like that where you're looking a lot at a screen in front of you. So, try to get in the front row if possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we just finished the tour and it was actually really exciting. I was expecting it to be a little bit boring because it lasted about an hour, but I actually learned a lot about how they produce the movies here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's really not that scary, so. Even if you get easily scared by rides.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's no big deal here at Universal Studios, but there's still so much more to explore and I'm really excited, so let's keep exploring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This mission should be a walk in the park for me. You're gonna like this ride all the more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's my two cents. The Mummy was hands down my favorite movie. I've got butterflies in my stomach right now. He just came out of nowhere. There really is more than meets the eye. It's no big deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pepper has drawn a swing to go outside the house. Perfect. Would you like to visit the new house?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dealing with hairdressers is messy business at home. They never seem to understand what you want and are always pushing membership cards. So, what are hairdressers like here abroad?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am really excited at the prospect that Schmidt Ocean Institute can continue to and maybe even to a greater degree play a role in pushing the envelope on the technologies that we need to better understand our deep ocean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unlike space, we can't just look into this deep ocean and see the sea floor. And so we have to come up with new and exciting ways to have eyes and ears in the deep sea that really allow us to figure out what's going on down there and what's happening that helps keep our planet running.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let's talk about a really neat application of the union find


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you might be asking yourself, what is a minimum spanning tree? So if we're given some graph with some vertices and some edges,


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[Assistant] The minimum spanning tree is a subset of the edges, which connects to all the vertices and does so at a minimal cost.


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[Assistant] So if this is our graph, with some edges and some vertices, then a possible minimum spanning tree is the following and has edge weight 14 or total edge weight 14. Note that the minimum spanning tree is not necessarily unique


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[Assistant] So if there is another minimum spanning tree, it will also have a total weight of 14. So how does it work? So we can break it up into three steps essentially


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[Assistant] So the first step is easy. Just take all our edges and sort them by ascending edge edge weight.


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[Assistant] Next thing we want to do is we want to walk through the sorted edges and compare the two nodes that the edge belongs to.


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[Assistant] And if the nodes already belong to the same group, then we want to ignore it because it'll create a cycle in our minimum span, which we don't want. Otherwise, we want to unify the


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[Assistant] The two groups those nodes belong to and keep going.


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[Assistant] And we keep doing this process until either we run out of edges or all the vertices have been unified into one big group. And you'll soon see what I mean by a group.


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[Assistant] So if this is our graph, then to run Kruskal's algorithm on it, first, let's scale the edges and sort them. So on the left side, you see I have all the edges and their edge weights sorted and ascending


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[Assistant] So next we're going to start processing the edges one at a time, starting with the top. So I to J.


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[Assistant] So I've highlighted the edge i to j and orange. And you can see that it connects nodes i and j, i and j currently don't belong to any group. So I'm going to unify them together into group orange.


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[Assistant] Next is edge 8e. So 8e don't belong to any group. So I'm going to unify them together into group purple.


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[Assistant] Next is C to I. So I belongs to group orange, but C doesn't have a group yet. So seeking going to group orange.


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[Assistant] Alright, uh, e to f, f doesn't belong to a group, so f can go to group purple.


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[Assistant] They also don't belong to a group, so give them their own group. Let's say, uh, group green.


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[Assistant] Alright, and now I believe this is when things start to get interesting.


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[Assistant] But notice that C and J already both belong to


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[Assistant] So we don't want to include that edge because it's going to create a cycle. So ignore it. And to check that they belong to the same group


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[Assistant] We would use the find operation in our union find to check where group they belong to. So this one, the unit find really comes into play.


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[Assistant] Next is edge D to E. So note that E belongs to group purple and D belongs to group green.


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[Assistant] So now we want to merge them together because they don't belong to the same group.


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[Assistant] So now we would merge them. And this is when the union operation in our union find becomes useful, it allows us to merge groups of colors together very efficiently. And that's the important note. Next edge would be D to H, H belongs to group red.


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[Assistant] The groups together, let's say they both become group purple. Uh, next up, we want to add edge


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[Assistant] A to D, but A to D already belong to the same group. So that would create a cycle. So we don't want to include that edge. So skip


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[Assistant] Next, we want to include edge B to C. B to C belong to different groups. So merge the two groups into one larger group. So we have found the minimum spanning tree using Kruskal's minimum spanning tree algorithm. Pretty neat, right?


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[Assistant] So the underlying data structure which allows us to do this is the union find. It allows us to merge groups


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[Assistant] of colors together efficiently, but also to find out which groups nodes belong to so that we don't create a cycle.


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[Assistant] So so that's crystal's algorithm. It's super simple.


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[Assistant] Given that you know how the union find works. So I'm going to go into some detail in next video explaining how the find and the union operations work internally and how we can actually implement it in some useful way.


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[Assistant] Alright, I will see you guys then. But thank you so much for watching and I will catch you next time.


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[Assistant] Where the magic of vegetables never ends.


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[Assistant] Are you sure this is the right place, Daddy Pig? It just looks like a farmer's field to me. Excuse me, is this Potato City? No, that's Potato City.


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[Assistant] We've traveled around and seen so many different cities in Australia, but today we're doing something a little bit different. I'm right here in front of the Dubkai Aboriginal Park and I'm really excited to see a different side of Australia. So will you join me? Let's go.


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[Assistant] Hi Andy, your mission today is to use three clues through sight, sound, and touch to unlock information about Aboriginal Australians.


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[Assistant] Very cool. If you fail, the only things you can take home are your wonderful memories. Heartbreaking. Okay, so, let's get started then. Oh, wait.


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[Assistant] Oh yeah! I need to find the meaning of black, white, red, and yellow. So, sounds like we're on the right track already.


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[Assistant] Wow. Okay, so I guess correctly with the object that goes, doesn't actually go. With my clue, basically. So, can I hold one?


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[Assistant] Okay, it's not like a hunting call, it's not meant to call the kangaroo.


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[Assistant] Oh wow. And is that the kangaroo sound that it can make?


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[Assistant] That's pretty precious. And then how did this come about that kangaroo sounds were made with the didgeridoo?


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[Assistant] And thank you so much for sharing your time and your culture with me today. I really enjoyed it.