[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no hits allowed in the qualifying round. It's purely about speed. Each car's best lap determines whether they'll move on in the competition. And the fastest overall car wins the coveted trophy dash award.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The front wheels are losing traction in the corners. Bigger tires in the back might transfer more weight forward and give them better grip on the turns.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But hey, we're not the slowest car. It's okay, we're still competing. But Connor's first few laps should be enough for him to stay in the competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as JF heads to the podium, Connor spots something inside his car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a hidden nitrous oxide system. A race car trick that injects the engine with liquid gas and boosts horsepower.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Avery's volunteered to be part of the entertainment. A junkyard rallycross.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Connor Chafin and the Hell Camino need to survive two rounds of hit-to-pass racing tonight to move on to the semi-finals tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only major rule in this race is that in order to pass a car, you have to hit them first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The crash brings a temporary halt to the race.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The damage to the rad will take them out of the competition. Unless they can fix it in time for tomorrow's race.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With less than an hour till the race begins, the crew rushes to reinforce the car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The hit tore open the radiator where it was damaged earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't drop that starter! Don't drop that puck!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at that, fits right in the saddles. A piece of tin goes across the top of your girdle so it will strengthen it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, he is awake over there. No regrets. Hey, get up so we can do this. If we're allowed a passenger, I am more than willing and glad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the treasures we have found.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You okay? Ohhhh. Should I down the door?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Earth like it. I say let's get her on the trailer and get down there. It's three o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I come from a family of gearheads. I've been working on cars since I was just a little girl, so this was like a great job to get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kinda hard driving a big truck like that, so it didn't really go all that well. I got a little flustered. I hope I can figure this thing out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The attacking infantry advances steadily, their elephants already having broken the defensive line. The king tries to retreat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But enemy cavalry flanks him from the rear. Escape is impossible. But this isn't a real war. Nor is it just a game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the roughly one and a half millennia of its existence, chess has been known as a tool of military strategy, a metaphor for human affairs, and a benchmark of genius.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While our earliest records of chess are in the 7th century, legend tells that the game's origins lie a century earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Supposedly, when the youngest prince of the Gupta Empire was killed in battle, his brother devised a way of representing the scene to their grieving mother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Different rules for moving different types of pieces and a single king piece whose fate determined the outcome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The game was originally known as Chaturanga, a Sanskrit word for four divisions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But with its spread to Sassanid Persia, it acquired its current name and terminology. Chess, derived from Shah, meaning king, and checkmate, from Shamot, or the king is helpless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the 7th century Islamic conquest of Persia, chess was introduced to the Arab world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Transcending its role as a tactical simulation, it eventually became a rich source of poetic imagery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Diplomats and courtiers used chess terms to describe political power. Ruling caliphs became avid players themselves. And historian Al Massoudi considered the game a testament to human free will compared to games of chance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Medieval trade along the Silk Road carried the game to East and Southeast Asia, where many local variants developed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In China, chess pieces were placed at intersections of board squares rather than inside them as in the native strategy game Go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reign of Mongol leader Tamerlane saw an 11 by 10 board with safe squares called citadels. And in Japanese shogi, captured pieces could be used by the opposing player.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it was in Europe that chess began to take on its modern form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By 1000 AD, the game had become part of courtly education.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chess was used as an allegory for different social classes performing their proper roles, and the pieces were reinterpreted in their new context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the same time, the church remains suspicious of games.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Moralists cautioned against devoting too much time to them, with chess even being briefly banned in France.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yet the game proliferated, and the 15th century saw it cohering into the form we know today. The relatively weak piece of advisor was recast as a more powerful queen, perhaps inspired by the recent surge of strong female leaders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This change accelerated the game's pace, and as other rules were popularized, treatises analyzing common openings and end games appeared. Chess Theory was born.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the Enlightenment era, the game moved from royal courts to coffee houses. Chess was now seen as an expression of creativity, encouraging bold moves and dramatic plays. This romantic style reached its peak in the immortal game of 1851.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where Adolf Andersen managed a checkmate after sacrificing his queen and both rooks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the emergence of formal competitive play in the late 19th century meant that strategic calculation would eventually trump dramatic flair. And with the rise of international competition, chess took on a new geopolitical importance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During the Cold War, the Soviet Union devoted great resources to cultivating chess talent, dominating the championships for the rest of the century.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the player who would truly upset Russian dominance was not a citizen of another country, but an IBM computer called Deep Blue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chess-playing computers have been developed for decades, but Deep Blue's triumph over Garry Kasparov in 1997 was the first time a machine had defeated a sitting champion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, chess software is capable of consistently defeating the best human players. But just like the game they've mastered, these machines are products of human ingenuity. And perhaps that same ingenuity will guide us out of this apparent checkmate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The attacking infantry advances steadily, their elephants already having broken defensive line. The king tries to retreat


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But enemy cavalry flanks him from the rear. Escape is impossible. But this isn't a real war. Nor is it just a game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the roughly one and a half millennia of its existence, chess has been known as a tool of military strategy, a metaphor for human affairs, and a benchmark of genius.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While our earliest records of chess are in the 7th century, legend tells that the game's origins lie a century earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Supposedly, when the youngest prince of the Gupta Empire was killed in battle, his brother devised a way of representing the scene to their grieving mother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Different rules for moving different types of pieces and a single king piece whose fate determined the outcome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The game was originally known as Chaturanga, a Sanskrit word for four divisions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But with its spread to Sassanid Persia, it acquired its current name and terminology. Chess, derived from Shah, meaning king, and checkmate, from Shamot, or the king is helpless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the 7th century Islamic conquest of Persia, chess was introduced to the Arab world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Transcending its role as a tactical simulation, it eventually became a rich source of poetic imagery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Diplomats and courtiers used chess terms to describe political power. Ruling caliphs became avid players themselves. And historian Al Massoudi considered the game a testament to human free will compared to games of chance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Medieval trade along the Silk Road carried the game to East and Southeast Asia, where many local variants developed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reign of Mongol leader Tamerlane saw an 11 by 10 board with safe squares called citadels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in Japanese shogi, captured pieces could be used by the opposing player.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it was in Europe that chess began to take on its modern form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By 1000 AD, the game had become part of courtly education.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chess was used as an allegory for different social classes performing their proper roles, and the pieces were reinterpreted in their new context.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the same time, the church remains suspicious of games.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Moralists cautioned against devoting too much time to them, with chess even being briefly banned in France.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yet the game proliferated, and the 15th century saw it cohering into the form we know today. The relatively weak piece of advisor was recast as a more powerful queen, perhaps inspired by the recent surge of strong female leaders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This change accelerated the game's pace, and as other rules were popularized, treatises analyzing common openings and end games appeared. Chess Theory was born.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the Enlightenment era, the game moved from royal courts to coffee houses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chess was now seen as an expression of creativity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Encouraging bold moves and dramatic plays, this romantic style reached its peak in the immortal game of 1851.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where Adolf Andersson managed a checkmate after sacrificing his queen and both rooks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the emergence of formal competitive play in the late 19th century meant that strategic calculation would eventually trump dramatic flair. And with the rise of international competition, chess took on a new geopolitical importance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During the Cold War, the Soviet Union devoted great resources to cultivating chess talent, dominating the championships for the rest of the century.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the player who would truly upset Russian dominance was not a citizen of another country, but an IBM computer called Deep Blue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chess playing computers have been developed for decades, but Deep Blue's triumph over Garry Kasparov in 1997 was the first time a machine had defeated a sitting champion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, chess software is capable of consistently defeating the best human players. But just like the game they've mastered, these machines are products of human ingenuity. And perhaps that same ingenuity will guide us out of this apparent checkmate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what? There are three apples. Ha! Big deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, it's in the junk pile. You think you got her back here, Jimmy? Well...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We wrapped it probably a year now. One, two, three. Oh, look at that. You got it? Yeah. You got her? 120 pounds, that little sucker. The numbers were readable. Everything looked good at it when we found it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you know what it is? It is actually a pretty good motor. Why do you say that? Well, I mean, nothing's broken. Nothing's been welded up on it. That looks like a pretty good core actually, doesn't it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 65 plus tax. I need a little room there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they're hard to come by. They're good engines. What can you say? $6,500. And the tax man. I got no control over that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On August the 14th, 1947, a woman in Bombay goes into labor as the clock ticks towards midnight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Across India, people hold their breath for the Declaration of Independence after nearly two centuries of British occupation and rule.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And at the stroke of midnight, a squirming infant and two new nations are born in perfect synchronicity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These events form the foundation of Midnight's Children, a dazzling novel by the British-Indian author Salman Rushdie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The baby, who is the exact same age as the nation, is Salim Sayani, the novel's protagonist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His narrative stretches over 30 years of his life, jumping backwards and forwards in time to speculate on family secrets and deep-seated mysteries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These include the greatest enigma of all. Salim has magic powers, and they're somehow related to the time of his birth. And he's not the only one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All children born in and around the stroke of midnight are imbued with extraordinary powers, like Parvati, the witch, a spectacular conjurer, and Salim's nemesis, Shiva, a gifted warrior.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With his powers of telepathy, Saleem forges connections with a vast network of the Children of Midnight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Including a figure who can step through time and mirrors, a child who changes their gender when immersed in water, and multilingual conjoined twins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim acts as a delightful guide to magical happenings and historical context alike.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although his birthday is a day of celebration, it also marks a turbulent period in Indian history.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1948, the leader of the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated. Independence also coincided with partition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which divided British controlled India into the two nations of India and Pakistan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This contributed to the outbreak of the Indo-Pakistani Wars


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tracing the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971 and the emergency rule of Indira Gandhi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This vast historical frame is one reason why Midnight's Children is considered one of the most illuminating works of post-colonial literature ever written.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This genre typically addresses the experience of people living in colonized and formerly colonized countries and explores the fallout through themes like revolution, migration, and identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rushdie, who like Saleem was born in 1947, was educated in India and Britain, and is renowned for his cross-continental histories, political commentary, and magical realism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He enriches Midnight's Children with a plethora of Indian and Pakistani cultural references, from family traditions to food, religion, and folk tales.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim's frame narrative echoes that of 1001 Nights, where a woman named Shahrazad tells her king a series of stories to keep herself alive. And as Salim sees it, 1001 is the number of night of magic, of alternative realities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the course of the novel, Rushdie dazzles us with multiple versions of reality. Sometimes, this is like reading a roller coaster. Salim narrates, Who what am I? My answer, I am everyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything who's being in the world affected was affected by mine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am anything that happens after I've gone, which would not have happened if I had not come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nor am I particularly exceptional in this matter. Each eye, every one of the now 600 million plus of us, contains a similar multitude. I repeat, for the last time, to understand me, you'll have to swallow a world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim's narrative often has a breathless quality, and even as Rushdie depicts the cosmological consequences of a life, he questions the idea that we can ever condense history into a single narrative.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His mind-bending plot and shapeshifting characters have garnered continuing fascination and praise. Not only did Midnight's Children


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Win the prestigious Mann Booker Prize in its year of publication, but in a 2008 competition that pitted all 39 winners against each other, it was named the best of all the winners.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a masterpiece of epic proportions, Rushdie reveals that there are no singular truths. Rather, it's wiser to believe in several versions of reality at once, hold many lives in the palms of our hands, and experience multiple moments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a single stroke of the clock. It begins with a countdown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On August the 14th, 1947, a woman in Bombay goes into labor as the clock ticks towards midnight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Across India, people hold their breath for the Declaration of Independence after nearly two centuries of British occupation and rule. And at the stroke of midnight, a squirming infant and two new nations are born in perfect synchronicity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These events form the foundation of Midnight's Children, a dazzling novel by the British-Indian author Salman Rushdie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The baby, who is the exact same age as the nation, is Salim Sayani, the novel's protagonist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His narrative stretches over 30 years of his life, jumping backwards and forwards in time to speculate on family secrets and deep-seated mysteries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These include the greatest enigma of all. Salim has magic powers, and they're somehow related to the time of his birth. And he's not the only one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All children born in and around the stroke of midnight are imbued with extraordinary powers, like Parvati, the witch, a spectacular conjurer, and Salim's nemesis, Shiva, a gifted warrior.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With his powers of telepathy, Saleem forges connections with a vast network of the Children of Midnight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Including a figure who can step through time and mirrors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A child who changes their gender when immersed in water. A multilingual conjoined twins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim acts as a delightful guide to magical happenings and historical context alike.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although his birthday is a day of celebration, it also marks a turbulent period in Indian history.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1948, the leader of the Indian independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi, was assassinated. Independence also coincided with Partition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which divided British controlled India into the two nations of India and Pakistan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This contributed to the outbreak of the Indo-Pakistani Wars in 1965 and 1971. Saleem touches on all this and more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tracing the establishment of Bangladesh in 1971 and the emergency rule of Indira Gandhi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This vast historical frame is one reason why Midnight's Children is considered one of the most illuminating works of post-colonial literature ever written.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This genre typically addresses the experience of people living in colonized and formerly colonized countries and explores the fallout through themes like revolution, migration, and identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rushdie, who like Saleem was born in 1947, was educated in India and Britain, and is renowned for his cross-continental histories, political commentary, and magical realism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He enriches Midnight's Children with a plethora of Indian and Pakistani cultural references, from family traditions to food, religion, and folk tales.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim's frame narrative echoes that of a thousand and one nights, where a woman named Shahrazad tells her king a series of stories to keep herself alive. And as Salim sees it, a thousand and one is the number of night of magic, of alternative realities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the course of the novel, Rushdie dazzles us with multiple versions of reality. Sometimes, this is like reading a roller coaster. Salim narrates, Who what am I? My answer, I am everyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything who's being in the world affected was affected by mine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am anything that happens after I've gone, which would not have happened if I had not come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nor am I particularly exceptional in this matter. Each eye, every one of the now 600 million plus of us, contains a similar multitude. I repeat, for the last time, to understand me, you'll have to swallow a world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Salim's narrative often has a breathless quality, and even as Rushdie depicts the cosmological consequences of a life, he questions the idea that we can ever condense history into a single narrative.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His mind-bending plot and shapeshifting characters have garnered continuing fascination and praise. Not only did Midnight's Children


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Win the prestigious Mann Booker Prize in its year of publication, but in a 2008 competition that pitted all 39 winners against each other, it was named the best of all the winners.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a masterpiece of epic proportions, Rushdie reveals that there are no singular truths. Rather, it's wiser to believe in several versions of reality at once, hold many lives in the palms of our hands, and experience multiple moments in a single stroke of the clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do you explain when things don't go as we assume? Or better, how do you explain when others are able to achieve things that seem to defy all of the assumptions?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Year after year after year after year, they're more innovative than all their competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And yet, they're just a computer company. They're just like everyone else. They have the same access to the same talent, the same agencies, the same consultants, the same media. Then why is it that they seem to have something different?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And why is it that the Wright brothers were able to figure out controlled powered man flight when there were certainly other teams who were better qualified, better funded, and they didn't achieve powered man flight and the Wright brothers beat them to it? There's something else at play here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] About three and a half years ago, I made a discovery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this discovery profoundly changed my view on how I thought the world worked and it even profoundly changed the way in which I operate in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some know how they do it. Whether you call it your differentiating value proposition or your proprietary process or your USP. But very, very few people or organizations know why they do what they do. And by why I don't mean to make a profit. That's a result. It's always a result. By why I mean what's your purpose? What's your cause? What's your belief?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, as a result, the way we think, the way we act, the way we communicate is from the outside in. It's obvious. We go from the clearest thing to the fuzziest thing. But the inspired leaders and the inspired, inspired organizations, regardless of their size, regardless of their industry, all think, act, and communicate from the inside out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me give you an example. I use Apple because they're easy to understand and everybody gets it. If Apple were like everyone else, a marketing message from them might sound like this. We make great computers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We believe in challenging the status quo. We believe in thinking differently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way we challenge the status quo is by making our products beautifully designed, simple to use, and user friendly. We just happen to make great computers. Wanna buy one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they make great quality products, and they can make perfectly well designed products, and nobody bought one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, talking about it now, we can't even imagine buying an mp3 player from Dell. Why would you buy an mp3 player from a computer company? But we do it every day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it. The goal is not to do business with anybody, with everybody who needs what you have. The goal is to do business with people who believe what you believe. Here's the best part. None of what I'm telling you is my opinion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's all grounded in the tenets of biology, not psychology, biology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Corresponds with the what level. The neocortex is responsible for all of our rational and analytical thought and language.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The middle two sections make up our limbic brains, and our limbic brains are responsible for all of our feelings, like trust and loyalty. It's also responsible for all human behavior, all decision making, and it has no capacity for language.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In other words, when we communicate from the outside in, yes, people can understand vast amounts of complicated information like features and benefits and facts and figures. It just doesn't drive behavior.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we communicate from the inside out, we're talking directly to the part of the brain that controls behavior, and then we allow people to rationalize it with the tangible things we say and do. This is where gut decisions come from.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why would we use that verb? It doesn't feel right. Because the part of the brain that controls decision making


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you don't know why you do what you do, and people


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Respond to why you do what you do, then how will anybody, how will you ever get people to, to, to, to vote for you, or buy something from you, or more importantly, be loyal, and want to be a part of what it is that you do?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, the goal is not just to sell people who need what you have. The goal is to sell to people who believe what you believe. The goal is not just to hire people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hire people just because they can do a job, they'll work for your money. But if you hire people who believe what you believe, they'll work for you with blood and sweat and tears. And nowhere else is there a better example of this than with the Wright Brothers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most people don't know about Samuel Pierpont Langley. And back in the early 20th century, the pursuit of powered man flight was like the dot com of the day. Everybody was trying it. And Samuel Pierpont Langley had what we assume to be the recipe for success.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, even now, you ask people, why did your product or why did your company fail? And people always give you the same permutation of the same three things. Undercapitalized, the wrong people, bad market conditions, it's always the same three things. So let's explore that. Samuel Pierpont Langley.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Was given $50,000 by the War Department to figure out this flying machine. Money was no problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He held a seat at Harvard and worked at the Smithsonian and was extremely well connected. He knew all the big minds of the day. He hired the best minds money could find and the market conditions were fantastic. The New York Times followed him around everywhere and everyone was rooting for Langley. And how come we've never heard of Samuel Pierpont Langley? A few hundred miles away in Dayton, Ohio, Orville and Wilbur Wright, they had none.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The difference was Orville and Wilbur were driven by a cause, by a purpose, by a belief. They believed that if they could figure out this flying machine, it'll change the course of the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Samuel Pierpont Langley was different. He wanted to be rich and he wanted to be famous. He was in pursuit of the result. He was in pursuit of the riches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And lo and behold, look what happened. The people who believed


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the Wright Brothers' dream, worked with them with blood and sweat and tears. The others just worked for the paycheck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they tell stories of how every time the Wright brothers went out, they would have to take five sets of parts because that's how many times they would crash before they came in for supper. And eventually on December 17th, 1903, the Wright brothers took flight.


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[Assistant] And no one was there to even experience it. We found out about it a few days later.


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[Assistant] And further proof that Langley was motivated by the wrong thing, the day the Wright brothers took flight, he quit.


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[Assistant] He could have said, that's an amazing discovery, guys, and I will improve upon your technology. But he didn't. He wasn't first, he didn't get rich, he didn't get famous, so he quit.


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[Assistant] People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it. And if you talk about what you believe, you will attract those who believe what you believe.


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[Assistant] Well, why is it important to attract those who believe what you believe?


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[Assistant] We all sit at various places at various times on this scale, but what the law of diffusion of innovation tells us is that if you want mass market success or mass market acceptance of an idea, you cannot have it until you achieve this tipping point between 15 and 18 percent market penetration and then the system tips.


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[Assistant] And I love asking businesses, what's your conversion on new business? And they love to tell you, oh, it's about 10% proudly. Well, you can trip over 10% of the customers. We all have about 10% who just get it. That's how we describe them, right? That's like that gut feeling. Oh, they just get it. The problem is how do you find the ones that just get it before you're doing business with them versus the ones who don't get it. So it's this here, this little gap.


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[Assistant] That you have to close, as Geoffrey Moore calls it, crossing the chasm. Because you see, the early majority will not try something until someone else...


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[Assistant] And by the way, they didn't do it because the technology was so great. They did it for themselves. It's because they wanted to be first.


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[Assistant] People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it. And what you do simply proves what you believe.


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[Assistant] In fact, people will do the things that prove what they believe.


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[Assistant] Was because of what they believed about the world and how they wanted everybody to see them. They were first. People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it. So let me give you a famous example, a famous failure and a famous success of the law of diffusion of innovation. First the famous failure. It's a commercial example.


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[Assistant] As we said before a second ago, the recipe for success is money and the right people and the right marketing conditions, right? You should have success then. Look at TiVo.


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[Assistant] Bativo's a commercial failure. They've never made money.


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[Assistant] People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it, and what you do simply serves as the proof of what you believe.


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[Assistant] Now let me give you a successful example of the law of diffusion of innovation. In the summer of 1963,


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[Assistant] It just so happens that the civil rights movement was the perfect thing to help him bring his cause to life.


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[Assistant] Listen to politicians now with their comprehensive 12-point plans. They're not inspiring anybody. Because there are leaders and there are those who lead.


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[Assistant] Whether they're individuals or organizations, we follow those who lead not because we have to, but because we want to. We follow those who lead not for them, but for ourselves. And it's those who start with why that have the ability to inspire those around them or find others who inspire them. Thank you very much.


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[Assistant] I don't know what's going through Mike's mind. I think he's absolutely insane.


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[Assistant] You got some nice rock here, man. You need to build yourself a good fireplace or something out of it.


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[Assistant] This year, I'm supposed to be the new shop manager. It's not that I'm a professional at doing it.


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[Assistant] There. How does that tell ya? Okay, needs an exhaust.


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[Assistant] My new role this year is to keep things under control a little bit. And it's uh, it's off to a bad start already.


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[Assistant] The transmission case is broken! We dropped it on the floor!


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[Assistant] The roof of the trailer, all the rust and shit in the ceilings falling out onto the car. Look at the dirt. Yea, there's shit all over this thing.


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[Assistant] When I look at this car, you know what I see? A sheet of plywood on the back with a bunch of tools on it.


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[Assistant] What the hell happened there? Don't know. Okay. There's some unknown reason. I just broke the end of the shaft. Shit!


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[Assistant] Well, I wonder if anybody's gonna come pulver to any of your parts. We're down here far enough that we can see somebody coming over the hill.


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[Assistant] Vale. Si si, ya voy. Hasta luego.


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[Assistant] Michelle and I have government together and we have become friends.


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[Assistant] She usually has a very loud, rambunctious personality.


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[Assistant] Since meeting Michelle, she has told me that she's worried about going into the army and that she feels like it might not be the right choice for her.


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[Assistant] I'm not sure what happened. It's a possibility she could be upset about the shooting, but I do hope Michelle knows that she can talk to me about what she's going through.


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[Assistant] As adults who are educators, it is hard to be aware of everything high schoolers are going through. What happens at home affects them in the classroom.


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[Assistant] I made plans with Michelle to go out to eat. We've been hanging out outside of school, going to lunch together.


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[Assistant] I wanted to talk to Michelle about what's been going on, why she's upset, and hopefully she's willing to open up about what's bothering her.


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[Assistant] A lot of students are in Michelle's position, not only at Highland Park, but all over the country, not knowing what to do or what to choose for their next step after high school.


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[Assistant] In the last week, Michelle lost her friend, Kiana, and she's having a really hard time with it.


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[Assistant] Michelle seems to have a few really close friends. To lose one of them is really hard.


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[Assistant] So being able to celebrate her birthday was just a really great way to get her mind off of just all the negative things going on around her.


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[Assistant] There's a guy named Adam and he started an anti-bullying group.


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[Assistant] Perfect plan. Let's do it! Yes! Oh, and Bridget has met a new man. Fantastic! Even Charlie is not impressed. That's right Charlie, he's a bad man.


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[Assistant] I already knew people when I went to my high school. So it wasn't that hard for me to try to be popular.


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[Assistant] My first day I really didn't talk to anyone, but today I'm trying to meet some new people.


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[Assistant] But here, nobody paid attention to me.


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[Assistant] Like I wanted to meet people, but not just anybody, you know?


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[Assistant] Sitting by myself at the basketball game, it just felt like I was an outsider. I didn't feel like I fit in with the kids there.


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[Assistant] With a bang. You know, going, meet friends, and girl time, and stuff like that. But it was the total opposite.


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[Assistant] To the kids, also try to be their friend at the same time.


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[Assistant] I just wanted to come in and you know, enlighten the kids that were just like me in high school, just to take it seriously. But it just wasn't my cup of tea.


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[Assistant] Bag is a general term for different types of containers you use to transport your clothes or other belongings.


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[Assistant] All of these bags we mentioned would be called your luggage or baggage, which have virtually the same meaning.


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[Assistant] And to pack your bag means to fill your bag with clothes and other items you need for traveling.


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[Assistant] Also, sometimes we say pack your bags as an expression to say we're leaving a place, especially after an argument or disagreement. This is why Phoebe here jokes...


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[Assistant] In the northeast of the United States, the borders on New York.


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[Assistant] Practice your English by writing it in the comments below and look what other viewers have said. So what do you say? Can you get out of work?


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[Assistant] Saying these without connected speech would result in unnatural sounding utterances. What do you say? And get out of work.


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[Assistant] To schedule means to plan that something will happen at a particular time. Example.


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[Assistant] I've scheduled a meeting for tomorrow. To reschedule is to change the time of what you previously scheduled


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[Assistant] Restaurant, plane, etc. is kept for you at a particular time in the future.


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[Assistant] Booking is another word that we can use instead of reservation. You make a booking for a hotel or a flight. Example, I made a booking for two double rooms. Now as a verb, we can say to book a room, to book a flight, or to book a reservation. Example, we just booked our flights to Paris.


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[Assistant] You do this at the reception, which we also call the front desk.


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[Assistant] The main room of the hotel where we find the front desk is called the lobby.


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[Assistant] A couple questions that could be useful for you at a hotel are Do you allow early check-in?


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[Assistant] for when you arrive earlier than the hotel's stated check-in time.


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[Assistant] Especially when they're not satisfied with the service or product that they've paid for.


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[Assistant] In this case, Chandler's reservation is non-refundable.


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[Assistant] Although the standard pronunciation of this would be can't you, it's very common to hear can't you. In the following examples, you'll hear can't you.


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[Assistant] Sometimes though, people pronounce can't you like this.


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[Assistant] When we say ridiculous as an exclamation, we generally mean that something is unreasonable.


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[Assistant] Insurance is a policy that you buy from a company that guarantees compensation in case of loss or damage.


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[Assistant] Common types of insurance are car insurance, homeowners insurance, health insurance, and life insurance. If you go on a trip, you might get travel insurance in case you need to, for example, cancel your hotel or change the date of a flight.


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[Assistant] If you live on the edge, you have a life with many dangers and risks, especially because you like to behave in an extreme and unusual way.


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[Assistant] A lot of times, however, we like to joke by using this expression when we say that we do something that's actually innocent or not very dangerous.


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[Assistant] The humor here, as Friends fans will know, is that Ross is very cautious, so although for most people it would be normal to not get travel insurance, for Ross it seems reckless. I guess.


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[Assistant] This candy has a lot of sugar, so that's why Ross is hyperactive.


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[Assistant] Chandler talks about the maple candy stands. A stand is a temporary structure used for selling things like food or drinks. For example, a hot dog stand.


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[Assistant] A record in this case is information stored on a computer or paper with the purpose of being looked at in the future. If you make a reservation at a hotel, there should be a record of it containing information such as your name, check-in date, etc.


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[Assistant] We usually say, let me get this straight when we want to make sure we understood something clearly.


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[Assistant] We often write this as, I dunno, in text messages, but obviously you should not use it in formal writing.


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[Assistant] Rate is an amount that is paid. Example. She's paid an hourly rate of $750.


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[Assistant] In this sense, you could say that a five-star hotel is a deluxe hotel.


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[Assistant] And a deluxe edition that includes extra features and thus costs more. For example, a deluxe DVD collection or a deluxe book edition.


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[Assistant] The meaning of hit is used as an informal alternative to go or to arrive at a place. Common examples are


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[Assistant] To lock someone or something in a place means to put or keep someone or something in a locked box, room, etc. If a place is locked, the person who's locked inside can't get out. Then Chandler says we'll take it. We say this when we accept an offer. We normally say this with will.


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[Assistant] We explained all about the use of will and how to master the future tense in this lesson.


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[Assistant] Some common amenities you might want to find in a hotel are wi-fi, room service, a kids park, swimming pool, etc.


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[Assistant] A common collocation is basic amenities, which refers to the basic things people need, such as running water or gas. Example.


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[Assistant] To get a lot of something so that you're sure you will have enough.


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[Assistant] For example, if you're going on a long hike, you might want to load up on snacks for when you start to get hungry.


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[Assistant] It's only been a week with this project and I already know what it feels like to be disrespected.


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[Assistant] Within this group chat, they were talking about they'll rape me. They'll do this. They were throwing rape around like it was nothing.


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[Assistant] I feel like if I was 15 years old and I would have gotten these messages, I would be crushed. I would feel like an object.


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[Assistant] It was one of my goals to be able to come here and make friends with a whole bunch of Hispanics.


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[Assistant] But unfortunately right now I have a lot going through my head considering that rape thread.


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[Assistant] I want to figure out who these guys are within this group chat.


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[Assistant] He planned, like, cause if you read all of it, they planned it out. They were like, yeah, so I'll invite her over so we can match or like let's bet on it and stuff like that. So I was like, uhm.


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[Assistant] I have to keep a really good look at- they were talking about putting drugs in my stuff. So it's like-


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[Assistant] Dr. New took this seriously and it made me feel really comfortable to know. But unfortunately, this is not something that's easy to stop.


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[Assistant] With the cyberbullying, it's a big deal. I'm cautious. But at the same time, I'm not gonna let them bring me down.


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[Assistant] I'm one strong ass individual and I'm gonna keep on being that strong ass individual. No matter what.


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[Assistant] Vanessa is a Hispanic student, very first one I spoke to at Highland Park.


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[Assistant] In this project, one of my goals was to get to know Hispanics, what they're going through, you know, see their struggles through high school.


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[Assistant] Apparently the Hispanics at HP feel overshadowed, and I definitely do feel like it is a problem.


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[Assistant] A lot of these Hispanic students do feel like they are less than the other students, so this is a huge thing.


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[Assistant] It would have been nice if I would have been able to root for someone Hispanic like Emily. Alright, so are we good? It looks really pretty.


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[Assistant] If Emily does win Winter Royalty, I feel like it will give all the Hispanics at school a little uplift.


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[Assistant] But if Emily doesn't win, it can be the opposite.


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[Assistant] My mom raised six of us on our own, working two jobs, always all by ourselves, took care of me and my sisters.


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[Assistant] It is now time to honor our scholar athlete of the week, DeAndre Phillips from Highland Park High School. He plays football, he wrestles, and he's a member of the track and field team. DeAndre has a 4.0 GPA, he's the president of student council, and he's enlisted in the Army National Guard.


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[Assistant] All over this country, there's uncertainty and fear for Hispanic people based around the topic of immigration.


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[Assistant] They do have to deal with a certain amount of bullying.


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[Assistant] I'm definitely anxious to walk into that front door and start finding my first class.


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[Assistant] It doesn't matter how much you prepare, there's no way to really plan.


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[Assistant] Really had a hard time finding my place and fitting in. But then I got involved in clubs and councils and that was what changed everything for me through this project.


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[Assistant] I'm eager to find out what the public school landscape is like today in the country and what the biggest changes are.


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[Assistant] I feel like I'm the only person in this class not on their phone right now. You know, there are students that are video chatting in class. There are students that are snapchatting during a lesson.


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[Assistant] If you're on your phone, you're not doing the work, you're not paying attention, you're not present, and that's just the way it is right now.


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[Assistant] This is like an intense room filled with teen testosterone.


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[Assistant] Back in high school, I would encourage people to choose me last for their team.


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[Assistant] I was in plays and musicals.


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[Assistant] I was the guy that could act on stage like a jock, but that was about as far as my athletics went.


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[Assistant] So I just want to get through this and get out of here because I'm definitely not that kid.


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[Assistant] High school was definitely an awkward time when I was there, and clearly some things never change.


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[Assistant] Homework and tests and all that stuff aside, just socially, it's gonna be tough.


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[Assistant] They talk on Facebook and when it builds up to one of them wanting to fight, there's a fight at school.


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[Assistant] They'll say things over the internet that they would never say in person because they just don't have the balls.


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[Assistant] Bienvenidos amigos. Welcome to the Butterfly Ball. Now it's time for everyone to choose what kind of wings they want.


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[Assistant] I really do understand how hard it's gotta be to leave your child with another person. I mean, it's like leaving behind a piece of your heart.


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[Assistant] Alls I know is that the film crew is trying to see how the Topeka public education system works compared to other schools.


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[Assistant] I went to school here. It's part of my heritage. My grandfather built this place. It is everything. It's everything to me.


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[Assistant] If you're a fan of Friends, you know that Joey is an actor, and that he has experience working in soap operas. Do you know what a soap opera is?


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[Assistant] Well, we'll learn that and so much more in today's scene where Joey goes to an adult school to teach other actors all about how to work in this type of TV show. Let's check it out!


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[Assistant] Guess what? Isn't a formal expression used before you give someone very good news or tell them something that they will be very excited about?


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[Assistant] In the entertainment industry, a gig normally refers to an opportunity to work and perform in a live production or in a movie. For example, if you're an actor or musician.


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[Assistant] In this case, Joey is actually referring to a temporary job opportunity as a gig.


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[Assistant] Did you notice how Joy pronounces the word got and a together?


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[Assistant] In American English, when we have a T sound between two valves, it becomes a tap T sound, which sounds similar to a D or the R sound in Latin languages like Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. For example, I will say each of these twice, once with a normal T sound and once with the American tap T sound. Matter, matter. Cottage, cottage. Community, community.


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[Assistant] Also, this can happen if a word ends in a T sound and the falling word begins with a vowel sound because of connected speech.


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[Assistant] A soap opera is a drama series that is shown on TV every day and that covers the events of the same group of characters, typically with an overly dramatic or sentimental tone.


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[Assistant] In the case of this scene, Joey is not just teaching acting in general, but specifically acting for soap operas, which is a very specific type of work inside the acting industry.


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[Assistant] Here, he's talking about figuratively giving something back to the acting community.


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[Assistant] That is to do something in return for all the favors and things he has received until now as an actor. Although Joey is probably getting paid for this work


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[Assistant] I like to give back to my community by working with other volunteers to clean up our local parks.


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[Assistant] The humor in what Ross says is that he knows that Joey does not care very much about doing charitable work, and therefore probably has other intentions.


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[Assistant] As Joey said, if you get to do something, you have the right to do something.


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[Assistant] He means that, as a teacher, he has the opportunity to say a phrase like,


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[Assistant] For example, if you are at a meeting and the boss dismisses somebody, that means they should now leave that meeting.


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[Assistant] Or in a more extreme interpretation, if somebody is dismissed from their job, that means they were ordered to leave it. They were fired.


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[Assistant] So the teacher would go on and order the students to stay seated as the bell does not dismiss them, the teacher dismisses them.


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[Assistant] An audition is like an interview for a particular job, typically done by actors, dancers and musicians, consisting of a practical demonstration of the candidate's ability to perform.


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[Assistant] Actors normally have to act a short scene of the movie or show they are auditioning for, so they can be judged and selected by the producers of the show.


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[Assistant] Joey says that he's so right for it, so he believes that he is the ideal actor to play this character. He's the right person for the job.


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[Assistant] Twins refer to two people who are born to the same mother on the same occasion. That is the same birth.


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[Assistant] Joey is saying that the character Nick the Boxer has a twin who is evil, which is a stereotypical role in soap operas.


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[Assistant] Magazines often improve photographs before they print them. It's one of the tricks of the trade to sell more.


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[Assistant] Joey will now teach his students a few smart tricks or methods for acting in soap operas.


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[Assistant] Joey is teaching his students a technique for crying, where you would cut a hole in your pocket like this, take a pair of tweezers, and start pulling out hairs. That would probably cause a lot of pain, and you would immediately start crying.


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[Assistant] So Joey here will teach how to act and express the idea that you have done something bad to other people.


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[Assistant] A fish hook is a piece of metal or other material curved back at an angle like in the picture, normally used for catching fish.


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[Assistant] Eyebrows are the curved areas of hair on your face above each of your eyes.


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[Assistant] And he uses it for conveying that he has done something evil.


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[Assistant] He is named it like that because the facial expression he makes consists of raising one eyebrow as if it was being pulled up by a fishhook while smiling at the same time.


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[Assistant] By doing so, your face would probably express confusion and displeasure.


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[Assistant] In a professional context, to coach somebody is to provide training for a person or small group of people and helping to prepare them for something.


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[Assistant] We live in a vast universe on a small wet planet where billions of years ago single-celled life forms evolved from the same elements as all non-living material around them.


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[Assistant] Proliferating and radiating into an incredible array of complex life forms.


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[Assistant] Is governed by mathematical laws with apparently arbitrary constants. And this opens up a question. If the universe is completely governed by these laws,


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[Assistant] These scientists have started thinking about experimental tests to find out whether our universe is a simulation.


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[Assistant] And how those constraints could lead to detectable signs in the world. So where might we look for those glitches?


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[Assistant] One idea is that as a simulation runs, it might accumulate errors over time.


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[Assistant] To correct for these errors, the simulators could adjust the constants in the laws of nature. These shifts could be tiny.


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[Assistant] So any drift would have to be on an even smaller scale. But as we gain more precision in our measurements of these constants, we might detect slight changes over time.


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[Assistant] Another possible place to look comes from the concept that finite computing power, no matter how huge, can't simulate infinities.


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[Assistant] If space and time are continuous, then even a tiny piece of the universe has infinite points and becomes impossible to simulate with finite computing power.


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[Assistant] So a simulation would have to represent space and time in very small pieces. These would be almost incomprehensibly tiny.


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[Assistant] But we might be able to search for them by using certain subatomic particles as probes. The basic principle is this.


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[Assistant] The smaller something is, the more sensitive it will be to disruption. Think of hitting a pothole on a skateboard versus in a truck.


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[Assistant] Any unit in space-time would be so small that most things would travel through it without disruption. Not just objects large enough to be visible to the naked eye, but also molecules.


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[Assistant] Atoms, and even electrons, and most of the other subatomic particles we've discovered.


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[Assistant] No, it would only be the first of many steps. There could be other explanations for each of those findings, and a lot more evidence would be needed to establish the simulation hypothesis as a working theory of nature.


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[Assistant] However many tests we design, we're limited by some assumptions they all share.


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[Assistant] Our current understanding of the natural world on the quantum level breaks down at what's known as the Planck scale. If the unit of spacetime is on the scale,


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[Assistant] Shifts in the constants of natural laws could occur so slowly that they would only be observable over the lifetime of the universe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they could exist even if we don't detect them over centuries or millennia of measurements.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're also biased towards thinking that our universe is simulator, if it exists.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Makes calculations the same way we do, with similar computational limitations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really, we have no way of knowing what an alien civilization's constraints and methods would be, but we have to start somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It may never be possible to prove conclusively that the universe either is or isn't a simulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we'll always be pushing science and technology forward in pursuit of the question, what is the nature of reality?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We live in a vast universe on a small wet planet where billions of years ago single-celled life forms evolved from the same elements as all non-living material around them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Proliferating and radiating into an incredible array of complex life forms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of this, living and inanimate, microscopic and cosmic, is governed by mathematical laws with apparently arbitrary constants. And this opens up a question. If the universe is completely governed by these laws,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These scientists have started thinking about experimental tests to find out whether our universe is a simulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And how those constraints could lead to detectable signs in the world. So where might we look for those glitches?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One idea is that as a simulation runs, it might accumulate errors over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To correct for these errors, the simulators could adjust the constants in the laws of nature. These shifts could be tiny.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For instance, certain constants we've measured with accuracies of parts per million have stayed steady for decades, so any drift would have to be on an even smaller scale. But as we gain more precision in our measurements of these constants, we might detect slight changes over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another possible place to look comes from the concept that finite computing power, no matter how huge, can't simulate infinities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If space and time are continuous, then even a tiny piece of the universe has infinite points and becomes impossible to simulate with finite computing power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So a simulation would have to represent space and time in very small pieces. These would be almost incomprehensibly tiny.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we might be able to search for them by using certain subatomic particles as probes. The basic principle is this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The smaller something is, the more sensitive it will be to disruption. Think of hitting a pothole on a skateboard versus in a truck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Any unit in space-time would be so small that most things would travel through it without disruption. Not just objects large enough to be visible to the naked eye, but also molecules.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Atoms, and even electrons, and most of the other subatomic particles we've discovered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However many tests we design, we're limited by some assumptions they all share.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our current understanding of the natural world on the quantum level breaks down at what's known as the Planck scale. If the unit of space-time is on the scale,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's still a wide range of things that are smaller than what's currently observable, but larger than the Planck scale to investigate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shifts in the constants of natural laws could occur so slowly that they would only be observable over the lifetime of the universe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they could exist even if we don't detect them over centuries or millennia of measurements.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're also biased towards thinking that our universe's simulator, if it exists, makes calculations the same way we do, with similar computational limitations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really, we have no way of knowing what an alien civilization's constraints and methods would be, but we have to start somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It may never be possible to prove conclusively that the universe either is or isn't a simulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we'll always be pushing science and technology forward in pursuit of the question, what is the nature of reality?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're all ready to go! And Danielle is waiting for us at the art studio! Come on, come on! Uh...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mara brought her special paintbrush! Maravilloso!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the final


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 10 push-ups! I don't- I don't- I can't even do one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, too. Confused Quildren. Uh, Chan Chan for the five gifted. Bisk, thank you for PMLST.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Laila Katsuki, thank you so much for the super. Xing, thank you so much. Uh, uh, Shiny Light, thank you. Aroha, thank you so much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Su-Seng, thank you. Natin, thank you. Fanzo, thank you for the red super. Uh, Youngju, thank you so much. Elgeteng, thank you. Arashi, thank you so much. Saria, thank you so much. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Matan, thank you so much. Linlin, thank you. Rika, thank you. Raeru, thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] W-wha-wha-whiny, thank you. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, Christie, thank you so much. Tony, thank you as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, happy birthday Remy, happy birthday. Uh, Lee Jane, thank you. Peach Peach, thank you. Uh, Suzu Me-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mercury, and thank you Han Han. Thank you guys, and thank you GY. Thank you. Alright, goodbye everyone! Thank you! Bye chat! Thanks everyone! Byeeeeee! Uh, bye! Uh, bye! Uh, bye! Uh, bye! Uh, bye! Uh, bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I blast things. I've done this since I was a kid. That's exactly what I'm doing now. I'm a grown up and I still play in the sandbox. I get to throw things at very high velocity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was made in the 60s. So this is, this is at the birth of Apollo. This is one, this is the type of gun that they made to try to understand the moon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, Ben. I'm Santa's representative for all the southern states. And Mexico!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're welcome, Ben! Merry Christmas! Ooh! And... Happy Hanukkah!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, Ben. I'm Santa's representative for all the southern states.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because if Santa and the holiday... are modillo...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fine, I give up. Santa, Santa can stay!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I'll stay, but only because I want to hear about Hanukkah. Ben?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because if Santa and the holiday... are modillo...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're welcome, Ben! Merry Christmas! Ooh! And... Happy Hanukkah!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I'm here to see my old buddy Ben. What are you doing here? Weird... turtle man?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because if Santa and the holiday... are modillo...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are ever in the same room for too long, the universe will implode!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'll stay, but only because I want to hear about Hanukkah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ben? Will you sit here with Santa and learn about Hanukkah?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright! It's time for the story of Hanukkah!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Frankie and I can go. Great. Uhm, or like, anybody else can go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if I was wearing your underwear, then, uh, what would you be wearing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if I was wearing your underwear, then uh, what would you be wearing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the first 15 years is retreating at about 6 meters per year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the last 15 years, it's been over 60 meters per year. So that's a ten-fold increase in the rate at which the ice is being lost in this valley.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After everything Tone shared, it kinda got me worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These next few months are very crucial. He could possibly end up going down a hard path.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm meeting Tony in the library. He's hosting the talent show in about a week and I want to see how he's doing with the court day hanging over him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I first got to this school, you was the talk of course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Despite Tone feeling like everyone is judging him in school, I'm glad that he's trying to stay engaged. Kids shouldn't isolate themselves when they need support the most. So who's your biggest supporter then? My mom?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She goes a little overboard, but she's my biggest supporter. I would have to say. I learned that Ton's mother is very supportive. I wonder whether she's trying to hold him accountable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tone's busy practicing the Hosted Talent Show. With his court date coming up soon. It's great that he still does have a few good friends that he can trust. It's very important that Tone has a positive outlet in his life in this moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I asked to meet with Dr. New, because I really wanted to help Tone. Despite of everything that Tone has done, I think that we should rally behind him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It sounds like Tone's mother is very supportive of Tone. And I want to see what I can do at school that can keep him focused on making better decisions. Tone, he surprised me a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I got to know a little bit about a story, you know, when his hands were busted up. So what do you think, how could I help tone in your lens?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything that he's going through that I know of reminds me that if someone stumbles, it doesn't mean they're lost.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Dr. New told me that Tony needs someone in his life that really just believes in him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who believes this one decision doesn't determine his future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tony's about to take the stage as the co-host. He's nervous but I hope he comes out with a boost of confidence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, it was, it was good. His hosting skills was pretty good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'll be honest with you, no matter what anyone says, I think I reach out to him because he has a great spirit. And even though someone stumbles...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very hard to watch another African American parent try to keep their child from going to prison. After seeing Tone's mother's desperation, I finally realized how I can help Tone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know this past week must have been tough on you. I barely slept.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to try to influence my friends before I go forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dr. Anderson is holding a Know Your Rights Assembly, and knowing that Tone has felonies and charges, I think we're at a very pivotal moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tone's core date is right after graduation. So I'm desperate to figure out how I can help Tone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm realizing that when a kid is hit with some serious charges, sometimes it just destroys the kid. I don't want that to happen to him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Honestly, I'm very worried right now. I wanna do whatever it takes to help this kid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This kid really kind of like grew on me as a student pastor. I'm like, there's certain kids that you just know has potential.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they're trying to find it. Attempt to, uh, sell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything that he's done in that, man, he's just been stepping up. It just feels like he's driven for greatness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, but uhm, he has a court date coming up at the end of this month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prom basically never changes. People were dancing, very similar to the prom I went to. But I'm not a good dancer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is kinda scary that I'm gonna have to reveal who I really am to this school.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It did make me wonder why. I remember when my mom asked me, you know, when I came out to her, she was like, are you really bi? And I'm like, yeah. And she was like, why would you be bi, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I still get afraid, like whenever I'm around my other friends, being myself. But I mean, I started to act more like myself, like talk about my guy relationships. I even took a step taking down the wall in college. I filled out my housing application. It was like, use words that would describe you. And I'm surprised, I'm proud of myself. I put, I'm bisexual. So in college, that's when I'm going to be the real me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As long as we're able to defend Area 11, all the Imperial armies led by Prince Odysseus and the other royal family members can rush into the UFN territories. The remaining Knights of the Round are deployed on the front line as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This will hardly do for me. Why such meager offerings?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said he was helping new players around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sorry, whenever I see someone playing a piano, you know, it should be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1943, Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany, raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below. Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urged readers to renounce Hitler, to fight furiously for the future, and to never give up hope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses, and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons. It was only after the war had ended that the author's identities, stories, and tragic fate would come to light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Hitler seized power ten years earlier, Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Falkenburg. At that time, fear, propaganda and surveillance kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans under Nazi control.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The government specifically targeted young people, setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts. As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth, and Sophie joined the League of German Girls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hans rose through the ranks and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people. In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally. But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric, he began to question it for the first time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed. Their parents, Robert and Magdalena, who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology, encouraged these misgivings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations that the government first discouraged and later banned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities, the Shoals learned shocking truths. And yet they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler's Germany.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the outbreak of war, Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort, and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was where Hans met Christoph Proffst, Willi Graf, and Alexander Schmorell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology. They longed to share their views, but how could they spread them when it was impossible to know who to trust?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, the friends decided to rebel anonymously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They pulled their money and bought printing materials. An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio. In secret, they began drafting their message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich. They were signed the White Rose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first leaflet denounced Hitler and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort. Adopt passive resistance. Block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late. Before the last city is a heap of rubble. Before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't forget that each people gets the government it deserves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason, this language was unprecedented. It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother's activities. She soon encountered the leaflets at school, but it was not until she discovered evidence in Hans' room that she realized who'd written them. Her shock soon gave way to resolve. She wanted in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For both siblings it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While the Gestapo searched for leads, the White Rose were constantly on guard. The war raged on. Regulations tightened and Munich suffered air raids, but the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy. They graffitied buildings and brave trains swarming with Gestapo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the winter of 1942, Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border to meet anti-Nazi rebels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On February 18th, 1943, Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university. A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Hans and Sophie confessed, they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine. Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refused to betray their co-conspirators.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country, but she also spoke to a more hopeful future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If through us, thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action. In 1943, Allied aircraft swooped over Nazi Germany, raining tens of thousands of leaflets on people below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Written by anonymous Germans, the leaflets urge readers to renounce Hitler, to fight furiously for the future, and to never give up hope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their call to action rippled through homes and businesses, and news of their message even reached concentration camps and prisons. It was only after the war had ended that the author's identities, stories, and tragic fate would come to light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Hitler seized power ten years earlier, Hans and Sophie Scholl were teenagers in the town of Falkenburg. At that time, fear, propaganda and surveillance kept all aspects of life for the Scholl family and millions of other Germans under Nazi control.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The government specifically targeted young people, setting up institutions to regulate their behavior and police their thoughts. As teenagers, Hans was a member of the Hitler Youth, and Sophie joined the League of German Girls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hans rose through the ranks and oversaw the training and indoctrination of other young people. In 1936, he was chosen to carry the flag at a national rally. But when he witnessed the zeal of Nazi rhetoric, he began to question it for the first time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, Sophie was also starting to doubt the information she was being fed. Their parents, Robert and Magdalena, who had feared they were losing their children to Nazi ideology, encouraged these misgivings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At home, Robert and Magdalena listened to foreign radio stations that the government first discouraged and later banned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While the government churned out national broadcasts which denied Nazi atrocities, the Shoals learned shocking truths. And yet they were still subject to the rules of life in Hitler's Germany.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the outbreak of war, Sophie reluctantly worked for the national effort, and Hans had to take on army duties while attending medical school in Munich.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was where Hans met Christoph Proffst, Willy Graf, and Alexander Schmorell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Day by day, each grew more sickened by Nazi ideology. They longed to share their views, but how could they spread them when it was impossible to know who to trust?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, the friend decided to rebel anonymously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They pulled their money and bought printing materials. An acquaintance let them use a cellar under his studio. In secret, they began drafting their message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In June 1942, mysterious anti-Nazi leaflets began appearing all over Munich. They were signed the White Rose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first leaflet denounced Hitler and called for Germans to sabotage the war effort. Adopt passive resistance. Block the functioning of this atheistic war machine before it is too late. Before the last city is a heap of rubble. Before the last youth of our nation bleeds to death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't forget that each people gets the government it deserves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At a time when a sarcastic remark could constitute treason this language was unprecedented. It was written mostly by Hans Scholl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1942, Sophie came to Munich knowing nothing of her brother's activities. She soon encountered the leaflets at school, but it was not until she discovered evidence in Hans' room that she realized who'd written them. Her shock soon gave way to resolve. She wanted in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For both siblings it was time to escalate the fury that had been brewing for years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While the Gestapo searched for leaves, the white rose were constantly on guard. The war raged on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regulations tightened and Munich suffered air raids, but the White Rose ventured deeper into conspiracy. They graffitied buildings and brave trains swarming with Gestapo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the winter of 1942, Hans made a treacherous journey to the Czechoslovakian border to meet anti-Nazi rebels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On February 18th, 1943, Sophie and Hans brought a suitcase of leaflets to their university. A custodian noticed what they were doing and reported them to the Gestapo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Both calmly denied any involvement until the police gathered all the leaflets and placed them back in the empty case where they fit perfectly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Hans and Sophie confessed, they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Despite a grueling interrogation, the two refuse to betray their co-conspirators.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before her execution, Sophie declared her fury at the state of her country, but she also spoke to a more hopeful future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone willing to give himself up individually to a righteous cause?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If through us, thousands of people are awakened and stirred to action.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The majority of our kids are coming from very tough situations. Violence. Addiction or crime. Poverty kind of creeps in. It's very difficult to escape that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm hoping that I can use it to make a difference in her life. Have a good afternoon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Me and Michelle go out to lunch, off campus, pretty much every day. Uuuh, I thunk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hopefully I can play out the advice Dr. New gave me and just try and encourage and uplift her. Has your mom been like, uh, lightened up on you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just really confused and disappointed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Michelle can finally choose something else. The right path for herself. And still she doesn't have any motivation. I feel like if it was me though, like if I don't go to college, then I'll regret it. I feel like you'd be the same.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I fear that Michelle's gonna get sucked into a minimum wage job and just barely survive because that's what she sees around her. You should probably take at least like an introductory course somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have no reason to believe any of your promises at this point. Then explain to me, why did you come here alone as well, after what you did? You wanna know? I'm fed up with lying. I've had to lie to Nanalee, just the way you have. That's the worst thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm fat and ugly. Fat and ugly are not interchangeable. You can still be fat and still be beautiful. Fat just describes the stuff that's on your body.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the Black Knights found out their leader were an enemy prince, I'd lose that too!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She offers a prayer to Matrona, mother goddess of the earth, and Lugas, chief of the gods. Then she rings the birds' necks and cuts them open to examine their entrails for divine messages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She began her studies as a child, memorizing the countless details necessary to perform her many roles, since the druid's knowledge is considered too sacred to record in writing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although the druids are forbidden from recording their knowledge, she and many other young druids can read Latin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unlike the other Celtic tribes, Roman legions have no regard for the druid's sacred role as peacemakers. Before going to bed, she observes the course of the planets and consults her charts, trying to make sense of the meteor she saw earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This means she conducts religious rites, but she also serves as a judge, healer, and scholar teaching children and mediating conflict between Celtic tribes. She began her studies as a child.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Memorizing the countless details necessary to perform her many roles, since the druid's knowledge is considered too sacred to record in writing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unlike the other Celtic tribes, Roman legions have no regard for the Druid's sacred role as peacemakers. Before going to bed, she observes the course of the planets and consults her charts, trying to make sense of the meteor she saw earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The signs are converging on a larger threat than their neighbors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wired Sea response confirmed. Synchronization achieved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I understand. We have just cleared all interferences up to the 13th floor. Don't worry. I promise I'll find Nanalee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once you bring back Nanali, I'll have no further need for you, Rolo. Big brother, I promised you I'd find Nanali, and I will. And when I do, I'll kill her with my own hands. I'm the only family you need.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am famished. What do I want? Please God don't let it become power chicken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the 16th century, Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius described how a suffocating animal could be kept alive by inserting a tube into its trachea and blowing air to inflate its lungs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1555, this procedure didn't warrant much acclaim. But today, Vesalius' treatise is recognized as the first description of mechanical ventilation, a crucial practice in modern medicine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To appreciate the value of ventilation, we need to understand how the respiratory system works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each of these tiny balloons is surrounded by a mesh of blood-filled capillaries. This blood absorbs oxygen from the inflated alveoli and leaves behind carbon dioxide.


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[Assistant] When the diaphragm is relaxed, the CO2 is exhaled alongside a mix of oxygen and other gases.


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[Assistant] When our respiratory systems are working correctly, this process happens automatically.


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[Assistant] But the respiratory system can be interrupted by a variety of conditions. Sleep apnea stops diaphragm muscles from contracting.


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[Assistant] Asthma can lead to inflamed airways, which obstruct oxygen.


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[Assistant] And pneumonia, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections, attacks the alveoli themselves. Invading pathogens kill lung cells, triggering an immune response that can cause lethal inflammation and fluid buildup.