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[Assistant] And uhm, got some like, instantaneous advice to make, make our own proof of concept of this thing. Like, that's how you sell an idea to risk-averse Hollywood, so uhm, okay.


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[Assistant] And if you're not a New York Times bestseller list thing or, you know, if you're not that prominent or you don't know the right people, you aren't a celebrity's child or something, then you really have no inroads unless you go out on the internet and go and make a bunch of noise and then get that attention and, um, you know, so, uh.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it's like the biggest gallery you have to just like, I mean, any artist, I would say, just take advantage of the internet. That's like the, I mean, people ask me all the time like, oh, is it, isn't it dangerous to put your ideas out there because of copyright? I'm like, no, it, like, there's risks, but they, like, the benefits far, far outweigh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like the potential, the potential for finding jobs, for getting freelance gigs, for just launching your own thing. Uhm, just do it. Just get on the, you know, put your work out there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A long time, uhm, like, 13 years? Holy cow. Almost, yeaah, I went to school, I went to college only for a year, uhm, and then just went, kind of,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Directly right into the game industry from there, uhm, for better or worse. But I did learn a heck of a lot. I managed to avoid the, you know, I missed out on the college experience, but I...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, so that, that helped. Uhm, that, I mean, when it came time to like, do, try doing the comic full-time, if I had been saddled with like, all the student debt, I wouldn't have been able to do it, so.


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[Assistant] Thing for me, just to have put my work online, but, uh.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I mean, but they're always polite, so you never can tell if it's genuine or not, but I will give them the benefit of the doubt and hope that it was, but that's okay too. I'm not going to take it personally. I mean, I know lots of people are trying to do a thing. They're getting pitches, probably even more so than ever before because of platforms like Netflix and stuff, but.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I couldn't see any downside to doing it, like even if as a pilot or as a pitch it failed completely to be picked up, it would still just be a worthwhile thing to do because here we can bring all these artists together to do this thing, we can all be proud of, hopefully. In the end, it's work for all of us in the meantime.


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[Assistant] People who have experience, but also people who are maybe who haven't had a studio job before and who just have a nice looking portfolio and real and stuff and, uh, and, and we feel.


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[Assistant] Like, you know, they can do the work then they have something they can put in their, uh, put on their resume and maybe get their foot in the door somewhere else.


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[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, we don't wanna overlook anybody who might be like the perfect fit for the job, so, uh, wait until we announce and we'll do that on Twitter, and I probably will also repost on Tumblr since, uh, I have...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Me! Okay, uh, hi! I am Lisa Rymold. I am the voice of Ivy in the Lackadaisy Project. Uhm, I voice in a few visual novels and stuff like that.


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[Assistant] But, uh, people probably know me as the voice of Judy in the English dub of Ascendance of a Bookworm, and Ui Tamaki in, or Tamaki, I guess, in the English dub of Magia Record. That's it.


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[Assistant] It depends what the french fries are like. Are they like waffle fries? Cause those are really good. Uhm.


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[Assistant] If that's the case then french fries definitely. But if they're like onion rings that I made homemade, then probably because I'm biased.


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[Assistant] And, I've already got a book with instructions on me.


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[Assistant] Now, it looks like we've got everything we need. Aerith might start getting impatient, mister.


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[Assistant] I know when to give people privacy.


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[Assistant] So you are alive. I suppose I am if you can call this living.


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[Assistant] The Genova Project was the term used for all experiments.


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[Assistant] Relating to the use of Jenova cells. My mother's cells? Poor little Sephiroth. You've never actually met your mother. You've only been told her name, no?


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[Assistant] I don't know what images you've conjured up in your head, but...


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[Assistant] Jenova was excavated from a two thousand year old rock layer.


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[Assistant] Soldier First Class, Sephiroth.


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[Assistant] Genova Project G gave birth to Angeal and monsters like myself. Genova Project S S?


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[Assistant] Used the remains of countless failed experiments to create a perfect monster. What do you want of me? Your traits cannot be copied onto others. Your genes can't be diffused. Therefore, your body cannot degrade.


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[Assistant] My friend. Your desire.


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[Assistant] Is the bringer of life, the gift of the goddess.


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[Assistant] I see. Perfect monster indeed.


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[Assistant] When the war of the beasts brings about the world's end, the goddess descends from the sky.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome back to English with Lucy. Today I'm going to be answering your questions I haven't done. I haven't done a Q&A video in ages.


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[Assistant] So I'm really, really excited to answer all the new Lucifers. There are slightly more Lucifers now than there were last time.


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[Assistant] Thank you guys. It honestly means so much to me that you subscribe to my channel.


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[Assistant] Also, quick justification of my outfit today. It's 27 degrees outside. It's bloody.


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[Assistant] 50 million inside today. My flat is a beautiful little greenhouse. It's covered in windows which is amazing for sunlight but terrible for temperature and I don't have any air conditioning.


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[Assistant] Right, so I asked you on Instagram and Facebook. I told you you had 30 minutes to ask me anything. It can be personal and it can be English related. So, let's get started.


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[Assistant] I also asked you to say where you're from, uhm, and I'd like you in the comments to show support for anyone from your country, okay?


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[Assistant] And if your country isn't included in the video, then write a little comment below and we will support you too! So make sure you like your country. I think that would be really fun. Hopefully it doesn't get nasty or anything. We're all here for the same reason. We learn languages, so love each other. Right. Let's begin.


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[Assistant] Okay, we have Andrea Flores. Hi, Andrea. I see you commenting on a lot of my Instagram stuff. I really appreciate that. Uhm, she says,


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[Assistant] She's from Spain and she wants to know what my favourite thing about Spain is. The people.


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[Assistant] The people, the Spanish people are amazing. They are so much fun, they are so friendly, they are incredibly hardworking even though they get quite a bad reputation but...


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[Assistant] Damn, those Spaniards know how to work, but they also know how to enjoy life as well. There's no party quite like a Spanish party. So yea, the people are what I like most about Spain.


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[Assistant] No, I never ever ever thought that I would be teaching so many people. I used to think a classroom of six people was pretty scary. So my classroom of 440,000 people


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[Assistant] But it's amazing to feel like you have a voice and to be able to help loads of people and provide education to those who may not necessarily have access to it otherwise or who may not find the English language interesting otherwise. I try to make...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] English more accessible. You guys can be the judge of whether I'm achieving that or not.


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[Assistant] Some think I am, some think I don't, and that's okay. I'm on the internet, you're free to judge. My life has changed drastically. English with Lucy is my full-time profession.


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[Assistant] I now get recognised a little bit, which is so weird. I will never ever get used to that, and my mum will never get used to that.


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[Assistant] But I love meeting subscribers or people that have seen my videos out, uhm, out and about. The last person who recognised me was Robert, a lovely Hungarian who I met on the train from Cambridge to London. Uhm, so hi Robert if you're watching.


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[Assistant] If you ever do see me, always say hello. I'm definitely more excited and more nervous than you are.


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[Assistant] Well, my number one recommendation is the Harry Potter series because it's so much fun to read and also I think the difficulty of the language kind of develops throughout the course of the series, which is interesting. Uhm, so yeaah.


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[Assistant] Read that in English because it's really, really fun. I also always recommend the curious incident of the dog in the night time because it's written from the point of view of an autistic boy, of a boy with Asperger's Syndrome, and he speaks in the first person and with quite a simple level of English.


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[Assistant] So I think that's a really good book for anyone who wants to improve their vocabulary but doesn't feel comfortable reading fully adult novels. Okay, Yasmina from Spain. Ooh, we've got a lot of Spanish today. It must be...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he wants to know if he, if there's a way to sound more British. Yes, use the word bloody for emphasis, okay? So like, I don't, so like,


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[Assistant] I don't bloody know, that's bloody marvellous. It's a little bit rude, and it is slang, so only use it in informal situations, but it's a very British saying, and Americans, when they try to imitate British people, they always say bloody.


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[Assistant] Sorry for mispronouncing your name. From Algeria?


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[Assistant] Their question is, have you ever felt down and that you don't want to do anything anymore and how did you deal with it because I feel the same? Oh, love you too. I'm sorry you're feeling down. Yes, I have felt really really down in the past.


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[Assistant] And you need to find something that consistently works for you to bring you back up again. So when I'm feeling short term sad, something that I really like doing is gardening because


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[Assistant] If I can't make myself happy, at least I can make my plants happy.


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[Assistant] And if it's a little bit more long term, take some time to think about what is lacking in your life and try to fill those holes. Uhm, it's not always easy, uhm, but also no.


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[Assistant] That feeling sad and feeling depressed is temporary.


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[Assistant] And she says, what's one thing that most people don't know about you? Okay. That's difficult because I do share quite a lot.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I guess one thing that people might not know about me is I have an incredibly short attention span.


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[Assistant] I have to really, really enjoy something if I'm to continue doing it for a long period of time.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I've never been diagnosed but there have been talks of ADHD, but I didn't really, I don't really want to get diagnosed because I can manage it. I managed to do my studies and I managed to run a business so


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, yeaah. I don't need a diag- I don't need a diagnosis. Uh, you shouldn't fix what isn't broken. Or don't fix what ain't broke.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but yeaah. That's, uh, one thing that people might not know about me. You might see me as very focused and, you know, very, very hardworking. Which I am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I'm passionate about something. And luckily, I'm really really passionate about English with Lucy. And we have Marta from Italy, and she says, Great question, Marta. Uhm, I think I've got two. Well, one's a Scottish accent, which is Glaswegian.


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[Assistant] And also I think that Geordie, the accent from Newcastle, is incredibly difficult to understand.


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[Assistant] Lots of people are asking me how, where I found my boyfriend.


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[Assistant] Julia says, where have you found Will? He's really handsome. And Cristiana says, where and how did you meet your boyfriend? I'm from Italy. Oh, and Julia's from, uhm, Brazil. Where did I find him? I found him on a farm.


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[Assistant] I think that's a story for another time, because it's a pretty long one.


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[Assistant] Claire from France says, what's your biggest dream? My biggest dream is to have a happy family.


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[Assistant] I want a happy husband and happy children and just to be really, really happy. It's quite a simple dream.


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[Assistant] Not really, no, uhm, I imagine, you know, some people do, you know, meet that person by chance and like really, really like them, but I think you fall in love as you get to know a person and you get to know their imperfections and their perfections as well, uhm,


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[Assistant] And I think the whole process of getting to know somebody that's compatible for you is the process of falling in love.


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[Assistant] Diego from Chile but living in Germany says, what are the things that make you the happiest? Ah, so many things make me happy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let me list off a few. Posting a video that I'm really proud of and having a really good reaction, that makes me happy.


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[Assistant] And laughing and laughing and laughing because when we get together, we have such a laugh.


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[Assistant] Gardening makes me really, really happy. I love seeing a garden develop and bloom over time. Art makes me really, really happy. Buying furniture, that makes me really happy. I really like furniture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, pub gardens, they make me happy, because that means summer's arrived. Meeting subscribers, that makes me happy. I wish one day I could meet a big group of you. That would be the, I think that would probably be the happiest day of my life. Ah, we've got Buzra, I hope I said that right, from Turkey.


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[Assistant] It's a really, really good movie. It takes you on a rollercoaster of emotions and I really recommend watching it.


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[Assistant] If you want to watch something with a British English accent, I love the Bridget Jones movies. They're all set in London. And Renee Zellweger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Renee Zellweger? Zellweger? Whatever. Renee, uh, the main actress who plays Bridget, Bridget, is actually American, but she does an awesome British accent. I think it would be very interesting for you to watch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we've got another person called Bursra as well. Maybe from Turkey too? Not sure. They're asking. You're a really successful woman. Not necessarily. Depends, well it's all relative, isn't it? I appreciate this. I don't know whether they asked it before.


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[Assistant] The most difficult thing about my job is that I'm out there on the internet.


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[Assistant] Anyone can see me and anyone can criticise me. And I 100% accept that not everybody is going to like what I do. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people think my classes are too difficult. Some people think they're too easy. Some people don't agree with what I say. Some people think I'm too commercial. Some people think I'm too relaxed.


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[Assistant] Some- there are a lot of people who have a lot to say that's negative about my channel. Uhm, I don't mind criticism, but I do mind hate comments. They're just rude.


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[Assistant] So yeaah, the most difficult thing for me is that anyone can say anything about me without really knowing me. Uhm.


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[Assistant] I'm pretty sure if you talk to anyone who's met me in real life, they would say that I'm pretty normal. And...


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[Assistant] If your country didn't get mentioned and your question didn't get answered, I'm so sorry.


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[Assistant] Mention your country in the comments and we'll try and support you and give you some likes. Don't forget to connect with me on all of my social media. I've got my Facebook, my Instagram, and my Twitter. And I will see you soon for another lesson. Muah.


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[Assistant] Fertilization is the epic story of a single sperm facing incredible odds to unite with an egg and form a new human life. It is the story of all of us.


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[Assistant] During sexual intercourse, about 300 million sperm enter the vagina.


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[Assistant] Soon afterward, millions of them will either flow out of the vagina or die in its acidic environment.


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[Assistant] However, many survive because of the protective elements provided in the fluid surrounding them.


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[Assistant] Next, the sperm must pass through the cervix and opening into the uterus.


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[Assistant] Usually it remains tightly closed, but here the cervix is open for a few days while the woman ovulates.


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[Assistant] The sperm swim through the cervical mucus, which is thinned to a more watery consistency for easier passage.


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[Assistant] Once inside the cervix, the sperm continues swimming toward the uterus.


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[Assistant] Though millions will die trying to make it through the mucus.


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[Assistant] Some sperm remain behind, caught in the folds of the cervix, but they may later continue the journey as a backup to the first group.


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[Assistant] Inside the uterus, muscular uterine contractions assist the sperm on their journey toward the egg.


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[Assistant] However, resident cells from the woman's immune system, mistaking the sperm for foreign invaders, destroy thousands more.


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[Assistant] Next, half the sperm head for the empty fallopian tube, while the other half swim toward the tube containing the unfertilized egg. Now, only a few thousand remain.


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[Assistant] Inside the fallopian tube, tiny cilia push the egg toward the uterus.


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[Assistant] To continue, the sperm must surge against this motion to reach the egg. Some sperm get trapped in the cilia and die.


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[Assistant] During this part of the journey, chemicals in the reproductive tract cause the membranes covering the heads of the sperm to change.


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[Assistant] As a result, the sperm become hyperactive, swimming harder and faster toward their destination.


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[Assistant] Only a few dozen of the original 300 million sperm remain.


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[Assistant] The egg is covered with a layer of cells called the corona radiata.


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[Assistant] The sperm must push through this layer to reach the outer layer of the egg, the zona pellucida.


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[Assistant] When sperm reach the zona pellucida, they attach to specialized sperm receptors on the surface.


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[Assistant] Which triggers their acrosomes to release digestive enzymes, enabling the sperm to burrow into the layer.


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[Assistant] Inside the zona pellucida is a narrow fluid-filled space just outside the egg cell membrane.


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[Assistant] The first sperm to make contact will fertilize the egg.


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[Assistant] After a perilous journey and against incredible odds, a single sperm attaches to the egg cell membrane.


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[Assistant] Within a few minutes, the outer membranes fuse and the egg pulls the sperm inside.


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[Assistant] This event causes changes in the egg membrane that prevent other sperm from attaching to it.


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[Assistant] Next, the egg releases chemicals that push other sperm away from the egg and create an impenetrable fertilization membrane.


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[Assistant] As the reaction spreads outward, the zona pellucida hardens, trapping any sperm unlucky enough to be caught inside.


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[Assistant] Meanwhile, inside the egg the tightly packed male genetic material spreads out.


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[Assistant] A new membrane forms around the genetic material, creating the male pronucleus.


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[Assistant] Inside, the genetic material reforms into 23 chromosomes.


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[Assistant] The female genetic material awakened by the fusion of the sperm with the egg finishes dividing.


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[Assistant] Resulting in the female pronucleus which also contains 23 chromosomes.


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[Assistant] As the male and female pronuclei form, spiderweb-like threads called microtubules pull them toward each other.


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[Assistant] The two sets of chromosomes join together, completing the process of fertilization.


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[Assistant] At this moment, a unique genetic code arises, instantly determining gender, hair colour, eye colour, and hundreds of other characteristics.


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[Assistant] This new single cell, the zygote, is the beginning of a new human being.


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[Assistant] And now the cilia and the fallopian tube gently sweep the zygote toward the uterus, where he or she will implant in the rich uterine lining, growing and maturing for the next nine months until ready for birth.


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[Assistant] If you have HIV, you have an infection that damages your immune system over time and causes AIDS.


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[Assistant] AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.


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[Assistant] It is the final stage of an HIV infection when your immune system is damaged and too weak to fight off ordinary infections.


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[Assistant] When foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses get into your body, they can cause infections.


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[Assistant] these events, activate your body's defenses.


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[Assistant] The white blood cells of your immune system are part of your body's defenses.


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[Assistant] One type of white blood cell called helper T lymphocytes or helper T cells strengthen your immune system's response to infection in two ways.


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[Assistant] First, helper T cells release chemicals that attract other white blood cells to the site of the infection.


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[Assistant] These additional white blood cells attack the invading bacteria or virus.


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[Assistant] Second, helper T cells release chemicals that cause other white blood cells to multiply.


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[Assistant] These new white blood cells create markers, called antibodies, which can identify the same foreign invader throughout your body.


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[Assistant] Antibodies attached to the bacteria or virus, marking them as targets for your immune system to destroy them.


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[Assistant] If you have HIV, it travels through your blood and other body fluids to infect and kill certain white blood cells.


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[Assistant] The virus enters helper T cells, which are the primary target.


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[Assistant] As these virus particles are made they leave the damaged helper T cell to infect other cells.


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[Assistant] The T cell loses its ability to protect the body from the ongoing infection and dies.


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[Assistant] In this way, HIV spreads and kills more of your helper T cells, weakening your immune system.


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[Assistant] As a result, other types of infections are able to take advantage of your body's inability to defend itself.


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[Assistant] These infections are called opportunistic infections.


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[Assistant] If you have an HIV infection and one or more opportunistic infections, you have AIDS.


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[Assistant] Some of the common AIDS-related opportunistic infections are


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[Assistant] Inflammation of the tissues covering your brain and spinal cord called meningitis.


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[Assistant] Inflammation of your brain, called encephalitis.


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[Assistant] Respiratory illnesses such as pneumonia and tuberculosis.


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[Assistant] Intestinal illnesses such as chronic diarrhea caused by infectious parasites.


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[Assistant] And cancers such as Kaposi's Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.


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[Assistant] HIV passes from person to person through infected body fluids.


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[Assistant] HIV can enter your body during unprotected sex.


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[Assistant] While sharing drug injection needles during your own childbirth,


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[Assistant] While breastfeeding from your mother or from contaminated blood or blood products.


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[Assistant] Although there is no cure for HIV, drugs called antiretroviral medications can reduce the amount of HIV in your body.


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[Assistant] One class of antiretroviral medication called entry or fusion inhibitors disrupts the HIV infection process by preventing the virus from attaching to your cells.


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[Assistant] Other classes of antiretroviral medications include Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Protease inhibitors


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[Assistant] And integrase inhibitors. These drugs prevent the creation, assembly, and spread of new viruses.


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[Assistant] Your doctor may prescribe a combination of these drug classes known as highly active antiretroviral therapy or HART.


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[Assistant] Anti-retroviral medication doesn't completely remove HIV from your body.


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[Assistant] Regular blood tests will let your doctor know how effective your antiretroviral medication is in controlling HIV.


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[Assistant] If the number of helper T cells is high enough in your blood sample, your medication is working.


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[Assistant] Treatments for the opportunistic infections of AIDS are medications specific for each type of infection.


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[Assistant] For example, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics if you have pneumonia or tuberculosis.


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[Assistant] To avoid getting or spreading an HIV infection, know your HIV status and your partner's status by getting tested regularly.


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[Assistant] The most effective way to prevent HIV infection is to avoid vaginal and anal sex.


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[Assistant] Avoid using injectable illegal drugs or sharing drug needles because the needles may have the virus on them.


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[Assistant] Avoid intoxication from drugs or alcohol because you will be more likely to engage in unsafe sexual behavior.


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[Assistant] Chapter 4. What John Rance had to tell.


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[Assistant] It was one o'clock when we left number three Lauriston Gardens. Sherlock Holmes led me to the nearest telegraph office, whence he dispatched a long telegram.


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[Assistant] He then hailed a cab, and ordered the driver to take us to the address given us by Lestrade. There's nothing like first-hand evidence, he remarked.


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[Assistant] As a matter of fact, my mind is entirely made up upon the case, but still we may as well learn all that is to be learned.


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[Assistant] Surely you're not as sure as you pretend to be of all these particulars which you gave? There's no room for a mistake," he answered.


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[Assistant] The very first thing which I observed on arriving there was that a cab had made two ruts with its wheels close to the kerb.


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[Assistant] Now, up to last night, we have had no rain for a week, so that those wheels which left such a deep impression must have been there during the night.


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[Assistant] There were the marks of the horse's hooves, the outline of one which was far more clearly cut than that of the other three, showing that there was a new shoe.


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[Assistant] Since the cat was there after the rain began, and was not there at any time during the morning,


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[Assistant] I have Gregson's word for that. It follows that it must have been there during the night, and therefore that it brought those two individuals to the house. That seems simple enough, said I. But how about the other man's height?


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[Assistant] Why the height of a man, in nine cases out of ten, can be told from the length of his stride.


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[Assistant] It is a simple calculation enough, though there is no use my boring you with figures. I had this fellow stride both on the clay outside and on the dust within. Then I had a way of checking my calculation.


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[Assistant] When a man writes on a wall his instinct leads him to write about the level of his own eyes.


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[Assistant] If a man can stride four and a half feet without the smallest effort, he can't be quite in the seer and yellow.


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[Assistant] That was the breadth of a puddle on the garden walk which he had evidently walked across.


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[Assistant] Patent leather boots had gone round and square toes had hopped over.


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[Assistant] There is no mystery about it at all. I am simply applying to ordinary life a few of those precepts of observation and deduction which I advocated in that article. Is there anything else that puzzles you?


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[Assistant] The fingernails and the trichinopoly, I suggested.


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[Assistant] The writing on the wall was done with a man's forefinger dipped in blood.


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[Assistant] My glass allowed me to observe that the plaster was slightly scratched in doing it, which would not have been the case if the man's nail had been trimmed.


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[Assistant] I gathered up some scattered ash from the floor. It was dark in colour and flaky. Such an ash is only made by a trigonopoly. I have made a special study of cigar ashes. In fact, I have written a monograph upon the subject


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[Assistant] I flatter myself that I can distinguish at a glance the ash of any known brand, either of cigar or of tobacco.


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[Assistant] It is just in such details that the skilled detective differs from the Gregson and Lestrade type.


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[Assistant] Ah, that was a more daring shot, though I have no doubt that I was right.


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[Assistant] You must not ask me that at the present state of the affair." I passed my hand over my brow. My head is in a whirl, I remarked. The more one thinks of it, the more mysterious it grows. How came these two men—if there were two men—into an empty house? What has become of the cabman who drove them? How could one man compel another to take poison? Where did the blood come from?


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[Assistant] What was the object of the murderer since robbery had no part in it? How came the woman's ring there?


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[Assistant] Above all, why should the second man write up the German word Rache before decamping?


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[Assistant] I confess that I cannot see any possible way of reconciling all these facts. My companion smiled approvingly.


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[Assistant] You sum up the difficulties of the situation succinctly and well," he said.


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[Assistant] There is much that is still obscure, though I have quite made up my mind on the main facts.


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[Assistant] As to Paul Lestrade's discovery, it was simply a blind intended to put the police upon a wrong track, by suggesting socialism and secret societies. It was not done by a German.


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[Assistant] The A, if you noticed, was printed somewhat after the German fashion.


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[Assistant] Now, a real German invariably prints in the Latin character, so that we may safely say that this was not written by one, but by a clumsy imitator who overdid his part. It was simply a ruse to divert inquiry into a wrong channel. I am not going to tell you much more of the case, doctor.


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[Assistant] You know, a conjurer gets no credit when once he has explained his trick. And if I show you too much of my method of working, you will come to the conclusion that I am a very ordinary individual after all.


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[Assistant] I shall never do that," I answered. You've brought detection as near an exact science as it ever will be brought in this world.


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[Assistant] My companion flushed up with pleasure at my words, and the earnest way in which I uttered them.


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[Assistant] I had already observed that he was as sensitive to flattery on the score of his art as any girl could be of her beauty.


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[Assistant] Patent leathers and square toes came in the same cab, and they walked down the pathway together as friendly as possible, arm in arm, in all probability.


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[Assistant] When they got inside they walked up and down the room, or rather patent leathers stood still while square toes walked up and down.


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[Assistant] I could read all that in the dust, and I could read that as he walked he grew more and more excited. That is shown by the increased length of his strides.


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[Assistant] He was talking all the while and working himself up no doubt into a fury. Then the tragedy occurred.


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[Assistant] I've told you all I know myself now, for the rest is mere surmise and conjecture.


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[Assistant] We have a good working basis however, on which to start.


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[Assistant] We must hurry up, for I want to go to Halley's concert to hear Norman Neruda this afternoon.


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[Assistant] This conversation had occurred while our cab had been threading its way through a long succession of dingy streets and dreary byways.


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[Assistant] In the dingiest and dreariest of them our driver suddenly came to a stand.


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[Assistant] That's Audley Court in there," he said, pointing to a narrow slit in the line of dead-colored brick. You'll find me here when you come back. Audley Court was not an attractive locality.


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[Assistant] The narrow passage led us into a quadrangle, paved with flags, and lined by sordid dwellings.


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[Assistant] We picked our way among groups of dirty children and through lines of discoloured linen until we came to number forty-six, the door of which was decorated with a small slip of brass on which the name Rance was engraved.


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[Assistant] On enquiry we found that the constable was in bed, and we were shown into a little front parlour to await his coming.


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[Assistant] He appeared presently, looking a little irritable at being disturbed in his slumbers.


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[Assistant] Holmes took a half sovereign from his pocket and played with it pensively.


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[Assistant] We thought that we should like to hear it all from your own lips, he said.


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[Assistant] I shall be most happy to tell you anything I can," the constable answered, with his eyes upon the little golden disk.


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[Assistant] Just let us hear it all in your own way, as it occurred.


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[Assistant] At 11 there was a fight at the White Art. But bar that, all was quiet enough on the beat.


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[Assistant] At one o'clock it began to rain, and I met Ari Murcher, him who has the Ollon Grove beat, and we stood together at the corner of Henrietta Street a-talking. Presently, maybe about two or a little after,


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[Assistant] I thought we'd take a look around and see that all was right down the Brixton Road. It was precious dirty and lonely. Not a soul did I meet all the way down.


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[Assistant] Though a cab or two went past me, I was strolling down, thinking between ourselves how uncommon handy a four of gin-hot would be, when suddenly the glint of a light caught my eye in the window of that same house.


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[Assistant] Now I knew then that two houses in Lauriston Gardens was empty on account of him that owns them, who won't have the drains cede to, though the very last tenant what lived in one of them died of typhoid fever.


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[Assistant] I was knocked all in a heap, therefore at seeing a light in the window, and I suspected that something was wrong. When I got to the door


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[Assistant] You stopped, and then walked back to the garden gate, my companion interrupted. What did you do that for?


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[Assistant] Rance gave a violent jump and stared at Sherlock Holmes with the utmost amazement upon his features.


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[Assistant] How come you to know it? Heaven only knows. You see, when I got up to the door it was so still and so lonesome that I thought I'd been on the worse for someone with me.


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[Assistant] I ain't afraid of anything on this side of the grave, but I thought that maybe it was him that died of the typhoid inspecting the drains what killed him.


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[Assistant] The sort gave me a kind of turn, and I walked back to the gate to see if I could see Murch's lantern, but I want no sign of him nor of anyone else. There was no one in the street. Not a living soul, sir, nor as much as a dog.


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[Assistant] Then I pulled myself together and went back and pushed the door open.


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[Assistant] All was quiet inside, so I went into the room where the light was a-burning.


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[Assistant] There was a candle flickering in the mantelpiece, a red wax one, and by its light I saw


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[Assistant] Yes, I know all that you saw. You walked round the room several times and you knelt down by the body, and then you walked through and tried the kitchen door, and then—


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[Assistant] Holmes laughed and threw his card across the table to the constable. "'Don't get arresting me for the murder,' he said. "'I am one of the hounds and not the wolf. Mr. Gregson or Mr. Lestrade will answer for that. Go on, though. What did you do next?' Rance resumed his seat, without however losing his mystified expression. "'I went back to the gate and sounded my whistle. That brought Mercher and two more to the


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[Assistant] Well it was, as far as anybody that could be of any good goes. What do you mean?


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[Assistant] He was at the gate when I came out, a-leaning up agin the railings, and a-singing at the pitch o' his lungs about Columbine's newfangled banner or some such stuff. He couldn't stand far less help. What sort of man was he? asked Sherlock Holmes.


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[Assistant] John Rance appeared to be somewhat irritated at this digression.


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[Assistant] He was an uncommon drunk sort of man, he said.


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[Assistant] He'd have found himself in the station if we hadn't been so took up. His face, his dress—didn't you notice them? Holmes broke in impatiently. I should think I did notice them.


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[Assistant] Seeing that I had to prop him up, me and Murcher between us,


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[Assistant] Weed enough to do without looking after him," the policeman said in an aggrieved voice. Oh, wager, he found his way. I'm all right. How was he dressed? A brown overcoat. Had he a whip in his hand? A whip? No. He must have left it behind, muttered my companion. You didn't happen to see or hear a cab after that?


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[Assistant] There's a half sovereign for you," my companion said, standing up and taking his hat.


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[Assistant] That you will never rise in the force. That head of yours should be for use as well as ornament. You might have gained your sergeant's stripes last night.


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[Assistant] The man whom you held in your hands is the man who holds the clue of this mystery and whom we are seeking.


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[Assistant] We started off with a cab together, leaving our informant incredulous, but obviously uncomfortable.


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[Assistant] The blundering fool, Holmes said, bitterly as we drove back to our lodgings.


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[Assistant] Just to think of his having such an incomparable bit of good luck and not taking advantage of it.


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[Assistant] I'm rather in the dark still. It's true that the description of this man tallies with your idea of the second party in this mystery. But why should he come back to the house after leaving it? That is not the way of criminals. The ring, man, the ring! That was what he came back for.


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[Assistant] If we have no other way of catching him, we can always bait our line with the ring.


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[Assistant] I shall have him, doctor. I'll lay you two to one that I have him. I must thank you for it all. I might not have gone but for you, and so have missed the finest study I have ever come across. A study in scarlet, eh? Why shouldn't we use a little art jargon?


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[Assistant] There's the scarlet thread of murder running through the colourless skein of life, and our duty is to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it.


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[Assistant] And now for lunch, and then for Norman Neruda. Her attack and her bowing are splendid.


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[Assistant] What's that little thing of Chopin she plays so magnificently?


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[Assistant] Leaning back in the cab, this amateur bloodhound caroled away like a lark while I meditated upon the many-sidedness of the human mind. End of chapter 4


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[Assistant] We had all been warned to appear before the magistrates upon the Thursday.


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[Assistant] But when the Thursday came there was no occasion for our testimony. A higher judge had taken the matter in hand, and Jefferson Hope had been summoned before a tribunal where strict justice would be meted out to him.


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[Assistant] Gregson and Lestrade will be wild about his death," Holmes remarked, as we chatted it over next evening. Where will their grand advertisement be now?


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[Assistant] I don't see that they had very much to do with this capture, I answered.


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[Assistant] What you do in this world is a matter of no consequence, returned my companion bitterly.


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[Assistant] Never mind. He continued more brightly after a pause.


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[Assistant] I would not have missed the investigation for anything. There has been no better case within my recollection. Simple as it was, there were several most instructive points about it. Simple, I ejaculated.


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[Assistant] Well, really, it can hardly be described as otherwise," said Sherlock Holmes, smiling at my surprise.


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[Assistant] The proof of its intrinsic simplicity is that without any help save a few very ordinary deductions, I was able to lay my hand upon the criminal within three days. That is true, said I.


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[Assistant] I have already explained to you that what is out of the common is usually a guide rather than a hindrance. In solving a problem of this sort the grand thing is to be able to reason backwards. That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practice it much.


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[Assistant] In the everyday affairs of life it is more useful to reason forwards, and so the other comes to be neglected. There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can reason analytically.


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[Assistant] I confess, said I, that I do not quite follow you.


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[Assistant] I hardly expected that you would. Let me see if I can make it clearer. Most people, if you describe a train of events to them, will tell you what the result would be


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[Assistant] They can put those events together in their minds and argue from them that something will come to pass.


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[Assistant] There are few people, however, who, if you told them a result, would be able to evolve from their own inner consciousness what the steps were which led up to that result.


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[Assistant] This power is what I mean when I talk of reasoning backwards or analytically. I understand," said I.


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[Assistant] Now, this was a case in which you were given the result and had to find everything else for yourself.


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[Assistant] Now let me endeavor to show you the different steps in my reasoning.


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[Assistant] To begin at the beginning, I approach the house, as you know, on foot, and with my mind entirely free from all impressions.


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[Assistant] I naturally began by examining the roadway, and there, as I have already explained to you, I saw clearly the marks of a cab, which I ascertained by inquiry must have been there during the night.


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[Assistant] I satisfied myself that it was a cab, and not a private carriage, by the narrow gauge of the wheels. The ordinary London growler is considerably less wide than a gentleman's brothon. This was the first point gained.


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[Assistant] I then walked slowly down the garden path which happened to be composed of a clay soil, peculiarly suitable for taking impressions.


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[Assistant] No doubt it appeared to you to be a mere trampled line of slush


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[Assistant] But to my trained eyes every mark upon its surface had a meaning.


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[Assistant] There is no branch of detective science which is so important and so much neglected as the art of tracing footsteps.


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[Assistant] Happily, I have always laid great stress upon it.


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[Assistant] But I saw also the track of the two men who had first passed through the garden.


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[Assistant] It was easy to tell that they had been before the others, because in places their marks had been entirely obliterated by the others coming upon the top of them.


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[Assistant] In this way my second link was formed.


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[Assistant] Which told me that the nocturnal visitors were two in number.


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[Assistant] One remarkable for his height, as I calculated from the length of his stride, and the other fashionably dressed, to judge from the small and elegant impression left by his boots.


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[Assistant] On entering the house this last inference was confirmed.


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[Assistant] My well-booted man lay before me. The tall one, then, had done the murder. If murder there was,


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[Assistant] There was no wound upon the dead man's person, but the agitated expression upon his face assured me that he had foreseen his fate before it came upon him.


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[Assistant] Men who die from heart disease or any sudden natural cause never by any chance exhibit agitation upon their features.


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[Assistant] Having sniffed the dead man's lips, I detected a slightly sour smell, and I came to the conclusion that he had had poison forced upon him.


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[Assistant] Again I argued that it had been forced upon him from the hatred and fear expressed upon his face.


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[Assistant] By the method of exclusion I had arrived at this result, for no other hypothesis would meet the facts.


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[Assistant] Do not imagine that it was a very unheard of idea.


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[Assistant] The forcible administration of poison is by no means a new thing in criminal annals.


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[Assistant] The cases of Dolsky in Odessa and of Leturier in Montpellier will occur once to any toxicologist.


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[Assistant] And now came the great question as to the reason why.


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[Assistant] Robbery had not been the object of the murder, for nothing was taken. Was it politics, then? Or was it a woman? That was the question which confronted me.


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[Assistant] I was inclined from the first to the latter supposition.


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[Assistant] Political assassins are only too glad to do their work and to fly.


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[Assistant] This murder had, on the contrary, been done most deliberately.


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[Assistant] And the perpetrator had left his tracks all over the room, showing that he had been there


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[Assistant] It must have been a private wrong and not a political one, which called for such a methodical revenge.


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[Assistant] When the inscription was discovered upon the wall, I was more inclined than ever to my opinion.


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[Assistant] When the ring was found, however, it settled the question.


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[Assistant] Clearly the murderer had used it to remind his victim of some dead or absent woman.


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[Assistant] It was at this point that I asked Gregson whether he had inquired in his telegram to Cleveland as to any particular point in Mr Drebber's former career. He answered, you remember, in the negative.


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[Assistant] I then proceeded to make a careful examination of the room, which confirmed me in my opinion as to the murderer's height, and furnished me with the additional details as to the Trichinopoly cigar and the length of his nails.


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[Assistant] I had already come to the conclusion, since there were no signs of a struggle, that the blood which covered the floor had bursts from the murderer's nose in his excitement.


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[Assistant] I could perceive that the track of blood coincided with the track of his feet.


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[Assistant] It is seldom that any man, unless he is very full-blooded, breaks out in this way through emotion, so I hazarded the opinion that the criminal was probably a robust and ruddy-faced man. Events proved that I had judged correctly.


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[Assistant] Having left the house, I proceeded to do what Gregson had neglected.


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[Assistant] I telegraphed to the head of the people at Cleveland, limiting my inquiry to the circumstances connected with the marriage of Enoch Drebber. The answer was conclusive.


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[Assistant] It told me that Drebber had already applied for the protection of the law against an old rival in love named Jefferson Hope, and that this same hope was at present in Europe.


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[Assistant] I knew now that I held the clue to the mystery in my hand, and all that remained was to secure the murderer.


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[Assistant] I had already determined in my own mind that the man who had walked into the house with Drebber was none other than the man who had driven the cab.


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[Assistant] The marks in the road showed me that the horse had wandered on in a way which had been impossible had there been anyone in charge of it. Where, then, could the driver be, unless he were inside the house?


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[Assistant] Again it is absurd to suppose that any sane man would carry out a deliberate crime under the very eyes, as it were, of a third person who was sure to betray him.


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[Assistant] Lastly, supposing one man wished to dog another through London, what better means could he adopt than to turn cab-driver?


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[Assistant] All these considerations led me to the irresistible conclusion that Jefferson hope was to be found among the Jarvis of the Metropolis.


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[Assistant] If he had been one there was no reason to believe that he had ceased to be.


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[Assistant] On the contrary, from his point of view any sudden change would be likely to draw attention to himself.


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[Assistant] He would probably for a time at least continue to perform his duties.


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[Assistant] There was no reason to suppose he was going under an assumed name.


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[Assistant] Why should he change his name in a country where no one knew his original one?


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[Assistant] I therefore organised my Street Arab Detective Corps, and sent them systematically to every cab proprietor in London, until they ferreted out the man that I wanted.


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[Assistant] How well they succeeded, and how quickly I took advantage of it, are still fresh in your recollection. The murder of Stangerson was an incident which was entirely unexpected, but which could hardly in any case have been prevented.


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[Assistant] Through it, as you know, I came into possession of the pills, the existence of which I had already surmised.


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[Assistant] You see, the whole thing is a chain of logical sequences without a break or flaw.


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[Assistant] It is wonderful, I cried. Your merits should be publicly recognised. You should publish an account of the case. If you won't, I will for you.


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[Assistant] You may do what you like, Doctor, he answered.


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[Assistant] See here, he continued, handing a paper over to me. Look at this.


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[Assistant] It was the echo for the day, and the paragraph to which he pointed was devoted to the case in question.


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[Assistant] The public, it said, have lost a sensational treat through the sudden death of the man Hope, who is suspected of the murder of Mr Enoch Dreber and of Mr Joseph Stangerson.


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[Assistant] The details of the case will probably be never known now, though we are informed upon good authority, that the crime was the result of an old-standing and romantic feud in which love and Mormonism bore apart.


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[Assistant] It seems that both the victims belonged, in their younger days, to the latter-day saints.


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[Assistant] And Hope, the deceased prisoner, hails also from Salt Lake City.


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[Assistant] If the case had had no other effect, it at least brings out in the most striking manner the efficiency of our detective police force, and will serve as a lesson to all foreigners that they will do wisely to settle their feuds at home and not to carry them on to British soil.


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[Assistant] It is an open secret that the credit of this smart capture belongs entirely to the well-known Scotland Yard officials, Messrs Lestrade and Gregson.


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[Assistant] The man was apprehended, it appears, in the rooms of a certain Mr. Sherlock Holmes, who has himself, as an amateur, shown some talent in the detective line, and who with such instructors may hope in time to attain to some degree of their skill.


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[Assistant] It is expected that a testimonial of some sort will be presented to the two officers as a fitting recognition of their services.


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[Assistant] Didn't I tell you so when we started?" cried Sherlock Holmes with a laugh. That's the result of all our study in Scarlet—to get them a testimonial


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[Assistant] Never mind, I answered. I have all the facts in my journal, and the public shall know them.


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[Assistant] In the meantime, you must make yourself contented by the consciousness of success, like the Roman miser.


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[Assistant] Shouldn't I? Yeah, most definitely. What's this money? Did you rob your own club?


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[Assistant] Sometimes I wonder if you brought me on as a partner just to shed a blame when the IRS comes not.


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[Assistant] I took a bid for you once, man. I ain't goin' back there. You think I put in all this work to go back inside?


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[Assistant] I'll always be the king of this town. You are this town.


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[Assistant] I sold a business to two different people and they each think they own the lot. Man, we're fucked! So I'll go tell them they gave you the money.


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[Assistant] Come on. Alright, who's the girl? There wasn't a girl, man. There's always a girl.


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[Assistant] Rocco struck me as an insecure prick, but I didn't think he rode like that.


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[Assistant] Yeah, sure. You could call crazy coke addict moron a type. You've been reading my


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[Assistant] I don't appreciate it until it's over. Oh yeaah. I'll look back on these years of getting shot at and helping you clean up puke as the best times of my life.


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[Assistant] You're not gonna win any tour championships, that's for sure. How am I supposed to hit it with you in my ear?


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[Assistant] Bend the knees, it's all in the knees. You wanna step up? Be my guest.


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[Assistant] I'm taking you for granted. I'll change. I'll be better. Yeah, thank you, but I don't believe it.


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[Assistant] I guess she doesn't have any up. Now you mentionin'. I guess much shots don't sit along too well with graduation.


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[Assistant] Oh, I'm real scared of you, motherfucker. Huh? How do you sleep at night, man? Loads talking to all women. Hey, hey, hey. She called me, okay? It's business. We run a service. She knew the rules. She should've read the small print.


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[Assistant] I've been taking care of things for you, ma. That guy ain't coming around no more. Don't worry about it.


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[Assistant] This is your forte. Okay, okay, enough of the flattery. I'll help you guys.


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[Assistant] Luis, I love you bro, but you part-time. Life up here keeps going when you off with them rich people.


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[Assistant] Who's game now, bitches? See you later, babe. Couldn't have happened to a nicer person.


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[Assistant] Okay, the guy threatens to shoot me because I can't arrange a liquor license for him. Please, give me a break, T. Oh, God.


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[Assistant] Fuck! When I get a hold of him? You won't do anything, Lou. You'll play it nice. We can use this if we're smart. We were dumb enough to walk into the death trap for the kid. I doubt we're gonna pull brains out of our asses now. Leave it to me. You just cause the traitor looking pretty.


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[Assistant] Yeah, absolutely, T. You've done such a great job so far.


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[Assistant] God, I need my pills! Don't take that shit, T. I'm serious.


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[Assistant] You serious, man? I've been running around this city getting shot at by assholes, doing hits for assholes, and hanging out with assholes so we can keep these places running. What else do you expect me to be doing?


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[Assistant] Oh, exactly, whatever. Whatever you say, daddy. Excuse me? What is wrong with you? The British, they give you this beautiful little awkward language, and you just debase it with whatever or like or fuck you or get over yourself. In that case, fuck you. Oh, who am I to complain? My country is


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[Assistant] Well, I do not come to Liberty City to watch TV.


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[Assistant] I like you. You find things as- as ridiculous as me. Only sorry you will not join me in this adventure. Don't catch nothing, bro.


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[Assistant] I'm gonna get your ass handed to you, ya bitch! I don't like your chances, big man!


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[Assistant] Yeah, good for you, Tiny. So uhm, do we gotta see each other again?


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[Assistant] Ah! Hey, Tony, get up. Ah, piss off! Come on, get up, man. Let's go. Ah! Piss off, I wanna die.


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[Assistant] Yeah, he's going crazy and you're running around with some bumps, okay? What kind of drugs do you want? I hope they're strong.


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[Assistant] Hey, you'll probably blow yourself up as soon as you walk out the door. You ain't doing this!


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[Assistant] Shit. After that thing with her roommate, I don't think that's gonna fly.


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[Assistant] What they want me hitting on girls for? They want you to get at her boyfriend. He owns the place, but he's inventurist now. So I'm some fucking gigolo now? Perfect.


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[Assistant] Well I didn't like- He's dead, and he's still pissing me off. We just lost 2 million on those diamonds.


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[Assistant] I already got one employer. Like I said, he's been good to me. Of course!


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[Assistant] I bet he'll bring us up over the Humble. Otherwise we ain't gonna get the-


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[Assistant] Are you watching too much television? Ha, ha, ha, ha. Somehow, uh.


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[Assistant] This is where I'm leaving you. You still might get robbed around here, but they won't kill you. Adieu, dear boy. It's been fun.


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[Assistant] Hey Lou, you're riding in style. Yea man, I learnt the ancient art of understatement from you. Here are those rocks, try to hold on to them this time. Thanks, they'll go straight to safe. Yea sure, right next to the emergency aid pole.


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[Assistant] Listen, Tony, I got something to talk to you about. Remember that Ray Bogarding guy?


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[Assistant] Where have you been? I got here as soon as I could, bro. Oh man, Louise Gracie! Louise Gracie! What about Gracie? They got Gracie! She's gone! Evan's dead! Hell Gracie! Fuck Evan, who's got Gracie? I-I don't know!


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[Assistant] What are you talking about, bro? Where is she? I-I, some guys at war with her father, I guess? I don't know! Hey, Gracie's pretty tough. She's a princess! She's a tough princess. They fucking hurt her!


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[Assistant] Fuck you, Luis! Come on, Tony! Chill out! No, you're right. You're right. You're not the one with the problem. I am!


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[Assistant] Hello. Hola, burrito. Rocco, how'd you get my fucking number? I don't wanna talk to you.


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[Assistant] Then you're a dead man.


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[Assistant] Tony bro, I love you. And I still handle this alone. I don't want you getting yourself killed.


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[Assistant] We have so many of those people that say no and you can't do it and it's impossible. But when you start doubting yourself, that's very dangerous.


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[Assistant] Then I fall and I get picked up and I have something else there that will, that will protect me. And that's not good. Because people perform better when there's no safety net. People perform better in sports and everything else if you don't have a Plan B.


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[Assistant] But it says for me to become the greatest basketball player, I missed 9,000 shots when I was playing basketball at the NBA games.


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[Assistant] So relax. It's okay to fail. Let's just go all out and give it everything that you got. That's what it is all about. So don't be afraid to fail.


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[Assistant] is performed to improve circulation to the heart muscle in people with severe coronary artery disease.


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[Assistant] In this procedure, a healthy artery or vein from another part of the body is connected or grafted to the blocked coronary artery.


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[Assistant] The grafted artery or vein bypasses the blocked portion of the coronary artery carrying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.


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[Assistant] One or more coronary arteries may be bypassed during a single operation.


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[Assistant] Before the surgery, an intravenous line will be started and you may be given a medication to help you relax.


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[Assistant] Cabbage procedures are done under general anesthesia.


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[Assistant] Which will put you to sleep for the duration of the operation. A breathing tube will be inserted through your mouth and into your throat to help you breathe.


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[Assistant] A catheter will be placed in your bladder to drain your urine.


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[Assistant] Coronary artery bypass surgery generally takes three to six hours.


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[Assistant] During a conventional bypass surgery, your surgeon begins by making an incision in the skin over your breastbone or sternum.


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[Assistant] He or she will then cut the sternum and move your rib cage in order to get to your heart.


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[Assistant] Throughout the procedure, your circulatory system will be connected to a cardiopulmonary bypass pump or heart-lung machine.


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[Assistant] This machine temporarily performs the functions of your heart and lungs during the surgery, allowing your heart to be stopped while the surgeon sews the grafts into place.


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[Assistant] One of two blood vessels is typically used for the grafts.


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[Assistant] Your surgeon will leave the upper end attached to the subclavian artery and divert the lower end from your chest wall to your coronary artery just beyond the blockage.


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[Assistant] For the saphenous vein graft, your surgeon will suture one end to the aorta and the other end to the narrowed artery just beyond the blockage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the grafts securely in place, your surgeon will use electrical signals to restore the heartbeat and attach a temporary pacemaker to the heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once your heart is again beating normally, the heart-lung machine will be disconnected.


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[Assistant] Your surgeon will wire the breast bone back together and suture the skin incision closed.


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[Assistant] A temporary drainage tube will be placed through the skin beneath the incision.


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[Assistant] Two other types of cabbage procedures have recently been developed.


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[Assistant] Off pump and minimally invasive bypass surgery.


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[Assistant] Off pump cabbage is also called beating heart bypass grafting because the heart isn't stopped and a heart lung machine isn't used.


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[Assistant] Instead, a mechanical device is used to steady the part of the heart where grafting is being done.


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[Assistant] Surgeons perform minimally invasive bypass procedures using specially designed instruments inserted through small incisions or ports in the chest.


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[Assistant] These procedures sometimes require a heart-lung machine.


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[Assistant] After surgery, you will be taken to the intensive care unit. The activity of your heart will be carefully monitored.


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[Assistant] The pacing wires will be used to temporarily control your heart rate.


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[Assistant] The chest tube will remain in place to drain excess blood and air from the chest cavity.


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[Assistant] Once you can breathe on your own, your breathing tube will be removed and replaced with an oxygen mask. The bladder catheter will remain in place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you recover over the next three to four days, all of these devices will be gradually removed.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes took his bottle from the corner of the mantelpiece and his hypodermic syringe from its neat Morocco case. With his long, white, nervous fingers he adjusted the delicate needle and rolled back his left-shirt cuff.


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[Assistant] For some little time his eyes rested thoughtfully upon the sinewy forearm and wrists all dotted and scarred with innumerable puncture marks.


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[Assistant] And sank back into the velvet-lined armchair with a long sigh of satisfaction.


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[Assistant] Three times a day for many months I had witnessed his performance, but custom had not reconciled my mind to it.


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[Assistant] On the contrary, from day to day I had become more irritable at the sight, and my conscience swelled nightly within me at the thought that I had lacked the courage to protest.


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[Assistant] Again and again I had registered a vow that I should deliver my soul upon the subject.


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[Assistant] But there was that in the cool, nonchalant air of my companion which made him the last man with whom one would care to take anything approaching to a liberty.


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[Assistant] His great powers, his masterly manner, and the experience which I had of his many extraordinary qualities, all made me diffident and backward in crossing him.


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[Assistant] Whether it was the bone which I had taken with my lunch, or the additional exasperation produced by the extreme deliberation of his manner, I suddenly felt that I could hold out no longer.


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[Assistant] Which is it today? I asked. Morphine or cocaine?


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[Assistant] He raised his eyes languidly from the old black-letter volume which he had opened.


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[Assistant] A 7% solution. Would you care to try it?


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[Assistant] "'No, indeed,' I answered brusquely. "'My constitution has not got over the Afghan campaign yet. I cannot afford to throw any extra strain upon it.' He smiled at my vehemence.


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[Assistant] Perhaps you are right, Watson," he said. I suppose that its influence is physically a bad one.


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[Assistant] I find it, however, so transcendently stimulating and clarifying to the mind that its secondary action is a matter of small moment. But consider, I said earnestly, count the cost.


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[Assistant] Your brain may, as you say, be roused and excited, but it is a pathological and morbid process which involves increased tissue change,


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[Assistant] And may at last leave a permanent weakness. You know too what a black reaction comes upon you. Surely the game is hardly worth the candle.


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[Assistant] Why should you, for a mere passing pleasure, risk the loss of those great powers with which you have been endowed?


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[Assistant] But as a medical man to one for whose constitution he is to some extent answerable. He did not seem offended.


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[Assistant] On the contrary, he put his fingertips together and leaned his elbows on the arms of his chair like one who has a relish for conversation. My mind, he says, rebels at stagnation.


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[Assistant] Give me the problems, give me work, give me the most abstruse cryptogram or the most intricate analysis, and I am in my own proper atmosphere.


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[Assistant] I can dispense then with artificial stimulants, but I abhor the dull routine of existence.


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[Assistant] I crave for mental exultation. That is why I have chosen my own particular profession, or rather created it, for I am the only one in the world.


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[Assistant] The only unofficial detective, I said, raising my eyebrows.


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[Assistant] The only unofficial consulting detective, he answered.


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[Assistant] I am the last and highest court of appeal in detection.


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[Assistant] When Gregson or Lestrade or Athelney Jones are out of their debts, which, by the way, is their normal state, the matter is laid before me. I examine the data, as an expert, and pronounce a specialist's opinion.


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[Assistant] I claim no credit in such cases. My name figures in no newspaper. The work itself, the pleasure of finding a field for my peculiar powers is my highest reward.


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[Assistant] But you have yourself had some experience of my methods of work in the Jefferson Hope case.


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[Assistant] Yes, indeed," said I cordially. I was never so struck by anything in my life. I even embodied it in a small brochure with the somewhat fantastic title of A Study in Scarlet. He shook his head sadly. I glanced over it, said he.


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[Assistant] Honestly, I cannot congratulate you upon it.


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[Assistant] Detection is or ought to be an exact science, and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner.


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[Assistant] You have attempted to tinge it with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of Euclid.


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[Assistant] But the romance was there, I remonstrated. I could not tamper with the facts.


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[Assistant] Some facts should be suppressed, or at least a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes by which I succeeded in unravelling it


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[Assistant] I was annoyed at his criticism of a work which had been especially designed to please him.


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[Assistant] I confess too that I was irritated by the egotism which seemed to demand that every line of my pamphlet should be devoted to his own special doings.


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[Assistant] More than once during the years that I had lived with him in Baker Street, I had observed that a small vanity underlay my companion's quiet and didactic manner.


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[Assistant] I make no remark, however, but sat nursing my wounded leg. I had a Gisale bullet through it some time before, and though it did not prevent me from walking, it ached wearily at every change of the weather.


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[Assistant] My practice has extended recently to the continent," said Holmes after a while, filling up his old briar-root pipe.


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[Assistant] I was consulted last week by Francois Leviard, who, as you probably know, has come rather to the front lately in the French detective service.


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[Assistant] He has all the Celtic power of quick intuition, but he is deficient in the wide range of exact knowledge which is essential to the higher developments of his art.


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[Assistant] The case was concerned with a will, and possessed some features of interest.


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[Assistant] Which have suggested to him the true solution.


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[Assistant] Here is the letter which I had this morning, acknowledging my assistance.


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[Assistant] He tossed over as he spoke a crumpled sheet of foreign note-paper. I glanced my eyes down it, catching a profusion of notes of admiration, with stray, magnifique coup de maître and tour de force, all testifying to the ardent admiration of the Frenchman. He speaks as a pupil to his master, said I.


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[Assistant] Oh, he rates my assistance too highly," said Sherlock Holmes lightly. He has considerable gifts himself.


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[Assistant] He possesses two of the three qualities necessary for the ideal detective. He has the power of observation and that of deduction. He is only wanting in knowledge, and that may come in time.


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[Assistant] He is now translating my small works into French. Your works?


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[Assistant] Oh, didn't you know? he cried, laughing.


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[Assistant] Yes, I have been guilty of several monographs. They are all upon technical subjects. Here, for example, is one upon the distinction between the ashes of the various tobaccos.


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[Assistant] In it I enumerate 140 forms of cigar, cigarette, and pipe tobacco, with coloured plates illustrating the difference in the ash.


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[Assistant] It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials, and which is sometimes of supreme importance as a clue.


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[Assistant] If you can say definitely, for example, that some murder has been done by a man who was smoking an Indian lunka, it obviously narrows your field of search.


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[Assistant] To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a trichinopoly and the white fluff of bird's eye as there is between a cabbage and a potato.


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[Assistant] You have an extraordinary genius for minutiae, I remarked. I appreciate their importance.


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[Assistant] Here is my monograph upon the tracing of footsteps, with some remarks upon the uses of plaster of Paris as a preserver of impresses


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here too is a curious little work upon the influence of a trade upon the form of the hand, with lithotypes of the hands of slaters, sailors, cork-cutters, compositors, weavers, and diamond-polishers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is a matter of great practical interest to the scientific detective.


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[Assistant] Especially in cases of unclaimed bodies or in discovering the antecedents of criminals. But I weary you with my hobby. Not at all, I answered earnestly. It is of the greatest interest to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Especially since I've had the opportunity of observing your practical application of it.


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[Assistant] But you spoke just now of observation and deduction. Surely the one to some extent implies the other.


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[Assistant] Why hardly? he answered, leaning back luxuriously in his armchair, and sending up thick blue wreaths from his pipe. For example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Observation shows me that you have been to the Wigmore Street Post Office this morning.


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[Assistant] But deduction lets me know that when there you dispatched a telegram. Right, said I, right on both points. But I confess that I don't see how you arrived at it.


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[Assistant] It was a sudden impulse on my part, and I have mentioned it to no one.


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[Assistant] It is simplicity itself," he remarked, chuckling at my surprise. So absurdly simple that an explanation is superfluous.


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[Assistant] And yet it may serve to define the limits of observation and of deduction.


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[Assistant] Observation tells me that you have a little reddish mould adhering to your instep. Just opposite the Seymour Street office.


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[Assistant] They have taken up the pavement and thrown up some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid treading in it in entering.


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[Assistant] The earth is of this peculiar reddish tint which is found, as far as I know, nowhere else in the neighbourhood. So much is observation. The rest is deduction. How then did you deduce the telegram?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why, of course I knew that you had not written a letter, since I sat opposite to you all morning.


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[Assistant] I see also in your open desk there that you have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of postcards.


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[Assistant] What could you go into the post office for then, but to send a wire?


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[Assistant] Eliminate all other factors, and the one which remains must be the truth.


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[Assistant] In this case it certainly is so, I replied after a little thought.


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[Assistant] The thing, however, is, as you say, of the simplest.


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[Assistant] It would prevent me from taking a second dose of cocaine.


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[Assistant] I should be delighted to look into any problem which you might submit to me.


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[Assistant] I've heard you say that it's difficult for a man to have any object in daily use without leaving the impress of his individuality upon it, in such a way that a trained observer might read it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, I have here a watch, which has recently come into my possession.


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[Assistant] Would you have the kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or habits of the late owner?


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[Assistant] I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in my heart.


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[Assistant] For the test was, as I thought, an impossible one.


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[Assistant] And I intended it as a lesson against a somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally assumed. He balanced the watch in his hand, gazed hard at the dial,


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[Assistant] Open the back and examine the works, first with his naked eyes and then with a powerful convex lens.


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[Assistant] I could hardly keep from smiling at his crestfallen face when he finally snapped the case to and handed it back.


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[Assistant] The watch has been recently cleaned, which robs me of my most suggestive facts.


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[Assistant] You're right," I answered. It was clean before being sent to me.


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[Assistant] In my heart I accused my companion of putting forward a most lame and impotent excuse to cover his failure.


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[Assistant] My research has not been entirely barren," he observed, staring up at the ceiling with dreamy, lacklustre eyes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I should judge that the watch belonged to your elder brother, who inherited it from your father. That you gather, no doubt, from the H. W. on the back. Quite so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The W suggests your own name. The date of the watch is nearly fifty years back, and the initials are as old as the watch. So it was made for the last generation. Jewelry usually descends to the eldest son


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he is most likely to have the same name as the father.


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[Assistant] Your father has, if I remember right, been dead many years.


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[Assistant] It has therefore been in the hands of your eldest brother. Right so far, said I. Anything


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[Assistant] He was a man of untidy habits. Very untidy and careless.


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[Assistant] He was left with good prospects, but he threw away his chances, lived for some time in poverty, with occasional short intervals of prosperity, and finally, taking to drink, he died. That is all I can gather.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have made inquiries into the history of my unhappy brother.


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[Assistant] And you now pretend to deduce this knowledge in some fanciful way.


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[Assistant] You cannot expect me to believe that you've read all this from his old watch.


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[Assistant] Viewing the matter as an abstract problem, I had forgotten how personal and painful a thing it might be to you.


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[Assistant] I assure you, however, as I never even knew that you had a brother until you handed me the watch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then how in the name of all that is wonderful did you get these facts? They are absolutely correct in every particular. Ah, that is good luck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could only say what was the balance of probability I did not at all expect to be so accurate. But it was not mere guesswork. No, no, I never guess. It is a shocking habit, destructive to the logical faculty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What seems strange to you is only so because you do not follow my train of thought or observe the small facts upon which large inferences may depend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] for example I began by stating that your brother was careless


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[Assistant] When you observe the lower part of that watch case, you notice that it is not only dinted in two places, but it is cut and marked all over from the habit of keeping other hard objects, such as keys or coins in the same pocket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surely it is no great feat to assume that a man who treats a fifty-guinea watch so cavalierly must be a careless man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Neither is it a very far-fetched inference that a man who inherits one article of such value is pretty well provided for in other respects. I nodded to show that I followed his reasoning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is very customary for pawnbrokers in England when they take a watch to scratch the number of the ticket with a pinpoint upon the inside of the case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is more handy than a label, as there is no risk of the number being lost or transposed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are no less than four such numbers visible to my lens on the inside of this case. Inference, that your brother was often at low water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Secondary inference, that he had occasional bursts of prosperity, or he could not have redeemed the pledge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, I ask you to look at the inner plate, which contains the keyhole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at the thousands of scratches all round the hole, marks where the key has slipped.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What sober man's key could have scored those grooves?


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[Assistant] But you will never see a drunkard's watch without them. He winds it at night, and he leaves these traces of his unsteady hand. Where is the mystery in all this?


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[Assistant] It is clear as daylight," I answered. I regret the injustice which I did you.


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[Assistant] I should have had more faith in your marvelous faculty.


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[Assistant] May I ask whether you have any professional inquiry on foot at present? None, hence the cocaine. I cannot live without brain work. What else is there to live for? Stand at the window here,


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[Assistant] Was ever such a dreary, dismal, unprofitable world. See how the yellow fog swirls down the street and drifts across the dun-colored houses. What could be more hopelessly prosaic and material?


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[Assistant] What is the use of having powers, Doctor, when one has no field upon which to exert them?


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[Assistant] Crime is commonplace, existence is commonplace, and no qualities say those which are commonplace have any function upon earth.


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[Assistant] I had opened my mouth to reply to this tirade, when with a crisp knock our landlady entered bearing a card upon the brass salver.


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[Assistant] A young lady for you, sir," she said, addressing my companion. Miss Mary Morstan, he read. Hmm. I have no recollection of the name. Ask the young lady to step up, Mrs. Hudson. Don't go, doctor. I shall prefer that you remain.


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[Assistant] But I didn't realize quite how shameful you were. I think that's not how they look.


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[Assistant] Chapter 4 The Story of the Bald-Headed Man


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[Assistant] We followed the Indian down a sordid and common passage, ill-lit and worse furnished.


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[Assistant] Until he came to a door upon the right which he threw open


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[Assistant] A blaze of yellow light streamed out upon us, and in the centre of the glare there stood a small man with a very high head, a bristle of red hair all round the fringe of it, and a bald shining scalp which shot out from among it like a mountain peak from fir trees.


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[Assistant] He writhed his hands together as he stood, and his features were in a perpetual jerk, now smiling, now scowling, but never for an instant in repose.


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[Assistant] Nature had given him a pendulous lip and a too visible line of yellow and irregular teeth, which he strove feebly to conceal by constantly passing his hand over the lower part of his face.


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[Assistant] In spite of his obtrusive baldness, he gave the impression of youth.


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[Assistant] An oasis of art in the howling desert of South London.


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[Assistant] We were all astonished by the appearance of the apartment into which he invited us.


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[Assistant] In that sorry house it looked as out of place as a diamond of the first water in a setting of brass.