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[Assistant] Guys, that's it for today's lesson. I hope it helped you. I hope you learnt something.


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[Assistant] Don't forget to check out the link on audible.com and get your free audiobook and connect with me on all of my social media. I've got my Instagram and my Facebook page. I'll see you soon for another lesson. Mwah!


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[Assistant] Ooh, but it might be a bit small for me.


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[Assistant] Besides, I already have a kind of nest that is just right. Because it fits both me and a little nut-brown hair perfectly.


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[Assistant] I think I know the perfect place for it.


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[Assistant] As much as only one nest.


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[Assistant] The best nest in the whole world, because it's got you in it.


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[Assistant] Can grow to heaven unless its roots reach down to hell.


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[Assistant] It is at least an increase in knowledge, if he knows what it is not.


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[Assistant] It is more polite to talk about sex than to be embarrassed to talk about God.


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[Assistant] The majority of my patients consisted not of believers, but of those who had lost their faith.


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[Assistant] Often, the hands will solve a mystery that the intellect has struggled with in vain.


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[Assistant] We cannot change anything unless we accept it. Condemnation does not liberate. It oppresses.


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[Assistant] Intuition does not denote something contrary to reason, but


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[Assistant] I hope I'm audible. So, uh, thanks very much, um, Luke and Guy for the report and Mary for the invitation to join you, um, uh, this afternoon.


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[Assistant] Uh, in pointing out, uh, the whole, uh, myology around Britain's own past, which, uh, is Britain's separate presentation today, which we see as being really radically questioned now by some of the, uh, vast history protests.


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[Assistant] But Nadine's done such a fantastic job of that, so I'm going to, uh, go, uh, forward to make two sets of comments and two questions. One, the virus of soft authoritarianism.


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[Assistant] Uh, because it keeps, uh, uh, modicum of democracy procedures intact.


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[Assistant] Without actually subscribing to any liberal institutional values and principles.


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[Assistant] There is a problem about how to detect it. What is the level at which we could really,


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[Assistant] Uh, find out, uh, the kinds of practices which go into the making of this new phenomenon, uh, however we want, may want to, uh, call it.


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[Assistant] So that I don't think there is much at stake for me, whether we want to call it soft authoritarianism or new despotism. But I think the question is methodologically, how do we research this phenomenon?


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[Assistant] And I think that's something we need to think about because what we need to do is to really do good ethnographies of the practices of these regimes to see what the similarities and differences are if we want to figure out a way of how we are going to be able to mobilize against them.


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[Assistant] But I think what makes it really difficult to come up with good strategies to deal with them are three features of these regimes, which I think we need to think about carefully together. One, I feel that


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[Assistant] Which have been actively supporting large state owned corporations in Turkey, in Saudi Arabia, in Russia, in China. And I think we need to really examine much much more carefully the nexus between corporations and these states.


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[Assistant] So chronic capitalism is one part of the story, but this is another part of the story that we, uh, really need to, uh, look at very carefully.


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[Assistant] About how to organize civil society in conditions where there has been so much of a clamp down on, uh, dissent and on, uh, autonomous, uh, media, uh, who are under threat in all kinds of ways.


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[Assistant] One of the findings that, uh, they have is that, uh,


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[Assistant] What is, uh, it's not as if public support for the state has been strengthened, uh, neither has support for expertise been strengthened because of corona.


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[Assistant] Interestingly, people see the state in a sense much more as an insurance mechanism, a stockpiling state, which should stockpile food and medicines.


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[Assistant] Otherwise, for example, the survey shows for France there's a 61% decrease in the confidence of people in the government on the whole across Europe.


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[Assistant] In fact, also, except for Denmark and Sweden and Germany in the other countries, uh, in Poland and Spain, um, etc.


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[Assistant] Uh, just distrust of experts. Experts seen as being, um, uh, instrumentalized by governments. Experts also being seen as being used by governments to justify policy rather than to inform them.


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[Assistant] But what they point out too is that it's in a very paradoxical fashion. Uhm, there is a lot of support for what they call strategic sovereignty for a new European project.


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[Assistant] Nevertheless, they feel given the choice, 42% of those surveyed say that given the choice between a world dominated either by the US or by China, the Europeans have no other choice but to form a stronger bloc.


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[Assistant] In the sense of progressive protectionism, because what seems to be the case is that both of the digital and the climate agenda, you seem to have a lot of support both for carbon taxes and digital taxes among all those surveyed.


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[Assistant] For a progressive agenda, not only on climate, on uhm, really in the power of monopolies, digital monopolies, but especially to tackle the questions of the fault lines of inequality which COVID has laid bare. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Okay, thank you very much. So let me pick up two of the questions, the one on India and the last one which you just talked about. I think the interesting thing is we do not see a uniformity of responses.


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[Assistant] Which we can categorize as responses of authoritarian governments versus those of democratic ones. So China, which was very successful at curbing,


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[Assistant] Uh, where I am at the moment, you know, uh, uh, democratic, uh, governments which were equally successful at it. And then you have,


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[Assistant] But as you see, Brazil is doing an equally poor job of it. So the authoritarian democracy, the regime divide, the regime type divide, to be more precise, doesn't seem to map on easily to which government succeeded well or not.


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[Assistant] One thing which seems to have played a role is, uh, populism.


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[Assistant] So right-wing populist leaders, whether authoritarian or democratic are all done badly. So Trump, Bolsonaro, Boris Johnson.


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[Assistant] Uhm, Denmark, uhm, Finland. No, not Denmark, Finland. Uh, Germany.


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[Assistant] So there seem to be some other kinds of patterns here that we need to look at, but obviously all governments were


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[Assistant] Citizens had trust have done well within India. Let me come to the Indian one. I think the interesting thing is the huge variance between Indian states. Kerala has done surprisingly well.


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[Assistant] Uh, with a death rate which is lower, uh, in fact, the infection rate which is very high to begin with because it is highly globally interconnected because of a very high, um, uh, number of immigrants, etc.


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[Assistant] Uh, but it flattened the curve faster than everybody else in India. It went into a lockdown sooner than in India. Extremely good public health infrastructure, extremely good press briefings, very, very, uh, responsive administration, uh, uh, population, which is, uh, educated, literate,


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[Assistant] Uhm, and a lot of, uhm, uh, political mobilization to make administration responsive over the years.


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[Assistant] So it's a public administration which has always dealt well with any kind of crises, be it the floods a couple of years ago or this public health crisis.


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[Assistant] So, uh, the discrepancies within India are really, really striking. Bombay doing it badly, Delhi doing it extremely badly, etc. So I won't go into that, but I think the interesting thing is to try and understand, and I think it's a bit too early.


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[Assistant] To, uhm, Mithili's question, I think two things very quickly to it. I think one of the really interesting observations in the Indian case is


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[Assistant] Uh, of the extent of, so it's 450 million workers that we are talking about who are in the informal sector in India without any social protection.


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[Assistant] This, I think the whole question of citizen rights versus migrant rights as we pose it in Europe must be posed very differently in a country like India because these are all Indian citizens.


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[Assistant] They are all politically disenfranchised. In India, you do not have voting rights as a migrant in the city in which you live because you only have voting rights related to residence, not to your place of origin. So they are basically not


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[Assistant] And their first instinct was not to say, let's use the money because it's all lying unused, which is a different story in these funds. But their first instinct was to say, let's not pay any more taxes because we haven't done any building construction. So they're trying to dilute all the tax laws which apply to them, all the building laws which apply to them. Will it lead to a post-capitalist world?


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[Assistant] I think the major reason why we need, uhm, responsive and as Mary rightly says, accountable


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[Assistant] For the poorer countries in the world, their infrastructures, especially the health infrastructure has been dismantled.


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[Assistant] Public health infrastructures everywhere again are well funded and I think the WHO will play an interesting role in the vaccine, uh, because


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[Assistant] There it's interesting, China agreed with the EU against the US, uh, that the vaccine, even if a Chinese company manufactures it, should be a public


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[Assistant] Do you want to follow up? Let me just answer two quick questions. Yours I think on China, Mary. I mean, I'm no China expert. I've been doing a lot of research on the use of unspent


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[Assistant] Crony capitalism, because I think you have a nexus between the party, uhm, uh, and corporations where it's very difficult to know, uh, whether something is a private or a public, uh, entity at all.


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[Assistant] So I think, uh, China, uh, fits the bill well. It may, uh, on the scale of things, it may be on one extreme, probably, of authoritarian rule, if you're thinking of what we are now seeing in Hong Kong about the suppression of dissent or what we know about the Uyghurs.


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[Assistant] I, sorry, I always come up with negative examples, but, you know, the, the, uhm, new solidarities which we are seeing in India are of a strange kind, I must admit.


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[Assistant] Uh, on the one hand, in the slums, you have the informal labor.


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[Assistant] Uh, so, uh, it's about if you do not earn, uh, there will be, uh, starvation. So the slums in Calcutta, I'm hearing, uh, uh, very interesting accounts that people have got together to support each other with water, with soap, everything which is a short supply.


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[Assistant] There's been more philanthropic support to feed the migrant workers than there was state support, although the state then started using up some of the accumulated funds to give out cash transfers.


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[Assistant] Uh, that they've made sure that nobody who is selling fruit, vegetable, uh, milk, et cetera is allowed to come in at all. So they are policing, uh, very much their own. So yes, there is mutual aid, but there is also mutual aid in keeping the poor out of their lives.


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[Assistant] We just learned about the innovations in the middle of the 20th century that resulted in the development of electron microscopy, which allowed us to visualize things much smaller than what had previously been seen with light microscopes.


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[Assistant] As we said, with electron microscopes, scientists could study biological systems in more detail, but it was still difficult to identify or distinguish between different structures with accuracy.


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[Assistant] Another innovation in microscopy called fluorescence microscopy answered this problem, providing the scientific community with another tool to visualize and study the microscopic world.


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[Assistant] Fluorescence microscopy functions, as one might imagine, on the principle of fluorescence. So let's first understand what this word means.


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[Assistant] Fluorescence occurs when a fluorescent molecule or protein absorbs a high-energy photon, which excites an electron within the molecule.


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[Assistant] When the electron returns to its lower energy state, this emits a photon of light that is at a lower energy than the photon that originally excited the electron.


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[Assistant] An example of this is certain kinds of fluorescent objects that absorb light in the UV range, which we can't see, and then emit visible light, a phenomenon responsible for a variety of glow in the dark commercial products.


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[Assistant] As we recall from our study of classical physics, the energies of photons are inversely proportional to their wavelength. If a photon has a long wavelength, it is lower in energy, compared to a photon with a shorter wavelength, which will be higher in energy.


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[Assistant] By filtering, exciting, and detecting these differences in photon wavelengths, fluorescence microscopes are able to visualize and differentiate between parts of the specimen that are labeled with different fluorescent molecules or proteins.


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[Assistant] To get more specific, in fluorescence microscopy, the wavelengths fall within the visual spectrum, which means the different wavelengths correspond with different colors. For example, a photon with a wavelength of 650 to 780 nanometers is seen by the human eye as red.


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[Assistant] Different parts of the specimen are labeled with fluorescent molecules called fluorophores.


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[Assistant] There are variations of fluorophores that are excited at different wavelengths and therefore emit photons of different wavelengths.


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[Assistant] This allows scientists to distinguish between different structures, as they can label structures with different fluorophores and excite the fluorophores with specific wavelengths of light to visualize different structures at a particular time.


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[Assistant] When using any form of fluorescence microscopy, it is important to avoid something called photobleaching, which means exciting the fluorophore too many times, which causes the photons the molecule emits to be too weak to be detected by the microscope.


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[Assistant] Photobleaching can be avoided by limiting the amount of images taken of the specimen, as well as limiting the exposure of the specimen to light after the fluorophores are added.


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[Assistant] The initial form of fluorescence microscopy that was developed, which is still used today, is called wide-field fluorescence microscopy.


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[Assistant] For wide-field microscopy, specimens are either fixed in place or left alive and functioning. The fluorophores are introduced to the specimen and can be modified in multiple ways so that they bind to certain structures.


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[Assistant] Most commonly, fluorophores are linked to antibodies that are made to detect and attach to certain cellular structures, like parts of the nucleus or cytoskeletal filaments.


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[Assistant] After the different fluorophores for the different structures in the specimen are added, the specimen is set up between a slide and cover slip, and secured onto the stage of the microscope.


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[Assistant] Next, the laser emits a photon of light, which passes through an excitation filter that only allows photons of a certain wavelength to pass through.


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[Assistant] Dichroic mirrors then angle the photon beam through the objective lens that focuses the photon onto the sample.


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[Assistant] The photon reaches the sample, which in turn emits a photon of lesser energy.


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[Assistant] The emitted photons create an image that is magnified by the objective lens as it passes through.


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[Assistant] The emitted photons then pass through the same dichroic mirror that reflects the excitation photon, which is possible because of its longer wavelength.


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[Assistant] The emission photons then pass through the emission filter that separates them from the surrounding radiation or background emissions.


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[Assistant] The detector then detects the wavelengths of the emission photons and tells the computer to pseudo color, or fake color, the image, with the color that was pre-assigned by the researcher to that wavelength. The image is then projected onto a computer screen.


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[Assistant] After images are taken with each excitation filter relevant to the labeled sample, one can save each image separately or overlay images on the computer to view the relative locations of the labeled structures.


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[Assistant] This technique is commonly used to explore the interactions of proteins with other proteins or structures in a cell.


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[Assistant] For example, a researcher looking at cell death could look at the positioning of two proteins, first in a cell going through cell death, and then a healthy cell.


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[Assistant] If in the dying cell the proteins co-localize, or their fluorescent images overlap, but in the healthy cell they do not co-localize, the data suggests that these proteins interacting have the potential to play a role in cell death.


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[Assistant] Although, it is important to note that these images cannot prove the interaction of proteins, but simply serve as a starting point for further research.


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[Assistant] Another type of fluorescence microscopy is confocal fluorescent microscopy, which is very similar to widefield.


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[Assistant] The specimens are prepared the same way, and the functionality of the microscope is the same as Widefield, except that before the emitted photon reaches the detector, it passes through a pinhole which only lets a very small part of the image through.


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[Assistant] This allows for better filtering of the photon emitted by the labeled structure from any background fluorescence.


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[Assistant] Because of the function of the pinhole, the excitation photon scans across the sample, meaning that you only get a small part of the image at a time through the pinhole.


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[Assistant] This allows for better resolution compared to the wide-field microscope, which allows scientists to look at thicker samples because of the low levels of background fluorescence.


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[Assistant] The precision of confocal microscopes are so advanced that scientists can even scan different depths of a sample and compile the images into a 3D image.


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[Assistant] Although, this precision does have its tradeoffs, as the creation of the image with the confocal microscope does take longer and is more likely to photobleach or destroy samples in the imaging process.


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[Assistant] Confocal microscopy can be used to visualize genetic material, structural components of cells, assess the colocalization of structures, and study the viability of cells.


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[Assistant] Although confocal microscopes do not have as high a resolution as electron microscopes, unlike electron microscopes, they are able to identify and distinguish between structures within a specimen.


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[Assistant] Again, we've covered quite a bit in this one tutorial, so let's quickly summarize. Fluorescence microscopy uses the principle of fluorescence to visualize a specimen. In short, the principle of fluorescence is that when a fluorescent molecule is excited by a high-energy photon, it will then emit a lower-energy photon.


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[Assistant] These emitted photons are detected by the microscope to create an image of the fluorescently labeled structure.


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[Assistant] In fluorescence microscopy, specific structures are labeled with certain fluorescent molecules called fluorophores, so that they can be differentiated in the imaging process.


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[Assistant] Wide-field fluorescence microscopy is a standard form of fluorescence microscopy that is used to visualize thin samples and structures that do not need to be viewed with high levels of resolution.


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[Assistant] Confocal fluorescence microscopy uses a pinhole to better filter the emitted photons from the target fluorophores in the specimen, so that it can construct 3D images at a high resolution and with little background fluorescence.


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[Assistant] And with that, over the past few tutorials we have gained a reasonable understanding of the history of microscopy, the various forms that are in use today, how they work, and what they are useful for.


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[Assistant] Thanks for watching, guys. Subscribe to my channel for more tutorials, support me on patreon so I can keep making content, and as always, feel free to email me at


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[Assistant] As the friends watched the food disappear, they knew the next day's Christmas celebration would be ruined because in the winter meadow


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[Assistant] Little nut brown hair had decided to do something. If they were going to stay in the forest all night, he remembered something big nut brown hair had done that could protect them from the cold. Doing something seemed to cheer them all up. At least a bit.


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[Assistant] The next day all the creatures of the meadow would work together to find more food for the bears to eat before they went to sleep for the rest of winter. But today...


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[Assistant] We're going to do a question and answer thing and there's going to be a microphone that's here, uh, in the middle. And so, uh,


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[Assistant] Yes, right, right. Do I have any opinion about Mary Magdalene and Thomas? Yes, opinions about both of them.


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[Assistant] Thomas is, uh, is known, outside of those interested in Gnosticism, Thomas is thought of as the first missionary to take the Gospel to India.


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[Assistant] We have several books that are connected with Thomas and in those books his name is given as Judas Didymus Thomas or Didymus Judas Thomas.


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[Assistant] So, as it turns out, uh, the name Thomas is, the word Thomas is an Aramaic word that means twin.


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[Assistant] And didymus is a Greek word that means twin, which means that his real name is Judas or Jude. Now in the New Testament, Jesus has a


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[Assistant] Uh, has four brothers, uh, James, Joseph, uh, Judas, and Simon. And so this person is named Jude or Judas


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[Assistant] More than that, he was Jesus' identical twin brother.


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[Assistant] Now you wonder, how can early Christians think that Jesus has a identical twin brother if his mother was a virgin?


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[Assistant] So, I don't know what the answer is, but I have a hunch. My hunch is this.


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[Assistant] We know from Greek and Roman mythology instances in which a woman gives birth to twins, one of whom


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[Assistant] Is son of a mortal and the other is the son of a god.


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[Assistant] The most famous instance of this is Hercules. Hercules, uh, mother, uh, Alcumena


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[Assistant] Uh, he came in, he disguised himself to look like her husband. She thought her husband had come back from war, uh, because Zeus looked just like her husband, but Zeus went back to heaven. Turned out the next day her husband did come home and wondered why his wife didn't welcome him with open arms. She just had a long night frolicking in those arms.


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[Assistant] But as a result, Zeus, uh, Zeus or Jupiter got her pregnant too, and so Hercules had a twin brother, Iphocles.


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[Assistant] Uh, in Greek, Heracles and Iphicles. One of them, Iphicles, was the son of the father, and the other was the son of Zeus, or Jupiter, depending whether you're doing it in Roman or Greek. Well, maybe that these people thought the same thing, that God had gotten Mary pregnant, but that Joseph also had gotten her pregnant, so they didn't believe in the virgin birth, these people.


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[Assistant] But, uh, but he was a twin brother, and it turns out in some of these stories told about Thomas, uh, they play on the idea that he's actually Jesus' twin. Uh, the most interesting story is in the acts of Thomas, which is the first account we have of Thomas going to India to be a missionary.


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[Assistant] Thomas lands on route to India. He lands at a city, uh, he's on a ship and they land and they go in the harbor and there's a, uhm, there's a couple getting married there. The daughter of the king is marrying a local aristocrat.


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[Assistant] This God, this Acts of Judas is a, is an ascetic text.


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[Assistant] It's a text that believes you should not indulge in the pleasures of the flesh. So you shouldn't eat good food, you shouldn't drink good wine, you shouldn't have sex, even if you're married.


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[Assistant] Well, so, uh, that's the point of view of this, of this text. Luckily, it did not make it into the New Testament. Uhm, so, uh,


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[Assistant] Thomas tries to discourage this married couple from having sex, even though they just got married.


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[Assistant] And he has no luck at all. He, they kick him out, he leaves, and then they go into their bridal chamber, and there he is sitting on the bed.


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[Assistant] They don't understand this because they just saw him late. Well actually, it's his twin brother, Jesus, who's come down from heaven in order to try to convince them not to have sex. And, you know, he's the son of God. He's more effective rhetorically.


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[Assistant] And so he actually convinces them not to have sex and they don't. And for this book, that's a good thing. But this is playing on the idea that they're identical twins. So we have these stories about Thomas.


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[Assistant] Uh, we have, we have books allegedly written by Thomas that are, uh,


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[Assistant] That are, uhm, interesting Gospels, not in the New Testament. The, the, the Gospel of Thomas is the most famous of the non-canonical Gospels, a collection of 114 sayings of Jesus, some of which Jesus may actually have said, uh, that was discovered in, in 1945. So that's Thomas.


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[Assistant] Mary Magdalene is another very important figure in some ways in early Christianity.


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[Assistant] In the Da Vinci Code, of course, Jesus and Mary are lovers, and they have a baby, and this baby is the founder of the Merovingian dynasty in France. Well, all of that's just completely, you know, completely made up.


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[Assistant] Mary Magdalene shows up only one time in all four gospels during Jesus' public ministry.


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[Assistant] In Luke chapter 8 verses 1 through 3, we're told that Joanna, Susanna, and Mary Magdalene


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[Assistant] And a group of other women supported Jesus and the disciples financially while they went around doing their preaching and teaching and such. That's all it says. That's it.


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[Assistant] In his entire ministry. So there's nothing about her being, you know, one of the inner disciples, being his lover, being anything like that.


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[Assistant] Where Mary Magdalene comes to be important in the New Testament Gospels is at the end.


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[Assistant] Because according to the Gospels, Jesus and the disciples went to Jerusalem his last week and a group of women went with them. Jesus got arrested. The men disciples fled, but the women stayed there. They had nothing to fear. They saw him get crucified, including Mary Magdalene.


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[Assistant] And then they saw where he got buried and on the third day they're the ones who went to the tomb and found that it was empty and realized he had been raised from the dead and Mary is the first to declare that Jesus was raised from the dead. That makes her highly significant.


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[Assistant] You could argue, if that's historically right, that Mary Magdalene is the first to say that Jesus got raised from the dead, you could make the plausible argument that Mary Magdalene started Christianity. That would be big.


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[Assistant] Right, okay, so, uh, the Gospel of Mary Magdalene is a little bit frustrating because, uh, these holes that I showed you in this thing, uh, Mary, the Gospel of Mary Magdalene is missing entire pages, right at the key point.


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[Assistant] And, and there's missing pages at the beginning, so it starts sort of in the middle of things. And Jesus is talking to his disciples and he's giving them a revelation of some kind, uh, about the, um,


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[Assistant] And then the disciples, then Jesus leaves, uh, tells them not to be afraid, uh, He needs to leave. He leaves, and the disciples start getting all upset because they're afraid now that what happened to Jesus is going to happen to them.


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[Assistant] And Mary Magdalene tells them they don't need to be afraid because Jesus has just said don't be afraid and she tries to comfort them.


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[Assistant] The disciples asked Mary if it's possible for her to give them the revelation that Jesus gave to her because they had heard that since she was the most beloved of women that Jesus had revealed something to her.


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[Assistant] And Mary Magdalene says that she will reveal this, that Jesus did give her a revelation, and she starts off by talking about how, uhm,


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[Assistant] She had asked Jesus a question and Jesus started responding and Jesus started explaining how the soul goes up to heaven and right at that point is where the pages are missing.


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[Assistant] So, we're not, so it kicks in after that though, and the soul is going through certain levels, the heavens have levels, and so,


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[Assistant] This material world is the bottom world and above this there are layers of heavens and the soul has to go through these layers and they're, they're layers like ignorance and darkness and they're, they're, they're layers that have to be conquered. So it's the soul has to conquer these things that are keeping it down here on earth.


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[Assistant] And these, the, the gods of these heavens don't want the soul to go up, and they're trying to restrict it, but the soul is more powerful and is able to go up. So Mary tells this, tells this revelation about how the soul then ascends, uh, by escaping the entrapments of this material world. She finishes this,


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[Assistant] And the male disciples start having an argument about whether this could actually be a revelation from Jesus or not, because after all it was given to a woman. And so, you know, would Jesus really tell her something that He didn't tell us?


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[Assistant] Probably not. And they start having this argument, and Peter makes Mary cry, but finally Levi says, Peter, you're a hothead, Jesus loves her more than he loves us, and he's revealed this to her. And so then they agree with that, and they go out and preach the gospel. So that's the gospel of Mary Magdalene.


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[Assistant] Understanding this divine realm in itself is a kind of act of salvation, where once you understand all of the complexities of the eons and the luminaries and the firmaments and the angels and all of that, if you can get your mind around that, then in a sense you have, you've acquired the mind of God. And it's that which can help bring salvation then.


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[Assistant] So that's, that's why they're so complex and they're not easy to understand. If they're easy to understand, they wouldn't be secret revelations.


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[Assistant] These are based on legends. So if you're asking me as a historian, are these legends based on history, I'm telling you no.


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[Assistant] Now if you're asking is it possible that there was a gospel that had that, that no longer survives, anything is possible. But historians have to go on the basis of what's probable. And, uh, the, the fact that you have later legends,


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[Assistant] I will say there is one gospel that is referred to by a fourth century church father named Epiphanius which does


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[Assistant] And in this book, he, he discusses 80 different heresies prior to his day, uh, in, uh,


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[Assistant] Uh, when the outsiders would leave, the insiders would have a big meal and stuff themselves and get drunk on wine. And then they would each pair off with somebody other than their own spouse and go off and have sex.


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[Assistant] No, and I'm not saying that history is the only thing that matters, but I thought that she was asking about whether


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[Assistant] Historically, Jesus really was married to Mary Magdalene.


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[Assistant] Which is a, uh, where we used to say Bible is our middle name. Uhm, and it's a, it's a fundamentalist, it's a fundamentalist Bible college.


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[Assistant] Let me just tell you what I mean. A fundamentalist is...


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[Assistant] I was a fundamentalist. I got interested in the study of the New Testament as a student at Moody Bible Institute when I was 17 years old. My first semester I was taking a class on the Gospel of John and, you know, I was committed to it as a sacred book.


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[Assistant] But I thought this, this guy teaching this class is teaching the Gospel of John and he's getting paid for that. This is amazing. I want to do that. And so I decided I wanted to become a Bible scholar when I was 17 and I'd never, never


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[Assistant] Uh, never left that path. I went through, uh, majored in Bible Theology at Moody Bible Institute. I went to Wheaton College, which is the alma mater of Billy Graham, which was a step towards liberalism for me.


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[Assistant] Bruce Metzger, who was a very famous scholar, a very pious, uh, Christian gentleman who was my mentor for seven years, uh, and was a very important figure in my life.


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[Assistant] While I was at Princeton Theological Seminary, I started realizing that my beliefs in the Bible really didn't make sense because there are in fact mistakes in the Bible and they're there for anybody to see and I started seeing them.


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[Assistant] Uh, my, my scholarship led me away from evangelical Christianity to become a liberal Christian. I was a liberal Christian for a number of years, still a believer. I still believed in God. I still thought Jesus was special and that, that the Bible was important, but I didn't think it was the inspired word of God or anything like that. But I, but I was a liberal Christian. Uhm, it was only about 15 years ago.


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[Assistant] That I decided I could no longer be a believer in any sense, uh, because, uhm, not because of my scholarship on the Bible, but because of the problem of suffering. I got to a point where I simply didn't believe that there's a God who's in control of this world.


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[Assistant] In fact, we live in a world where every 12 seconds some child dies of starvation.


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[Assistant] So I mean, it's nice that I prayed to God and he helped me find a parking place, but I mean, this kid just died of starvation. So, uh, you know, and every 12 seconds, and people, 300 people every hour die of malaria. And you know, you can, you've got your own list. So I came to a point where I simply didn't believe that God existed anymore.


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[Assistant] And at that point I became an agnostic. This is where the dinner conversation kicks in. I became an agnostic, uh,


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[Assistant] Because I thought that agnostics and atheists were two degrees of the same thing.


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[Assistant] And agnostics think that all atheists are simply arrogant agnostics.


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[Assistant] I mean, so the atheists say, well, you're just too chicken to say what you really think. And the agnostics say, yeah, well, you actually don't know anything either.


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[Assistant] Now today I actually consider myself to be both an agnostic and an atheist because I don't think they're two degrees of the same thing. I think they're two different things. Agnosticism has to do with what you know and atheism has to do with what you believe.


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[Assistant] So the word agnostic, I mean I've been throughout here talking about gnostics as people who know, and agnostic as somebody who doesn't know.


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[Assistant] And so if you ask me, is there some kind of divine superior force in the universe, I don't know.


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[Assistant] Uhm, well historically the answer is no. Jesus did not have a son named Marcus. Jesus was almost certainly not married. Uhm, and uhm, so, uh, Mark the evangelist is not, uh, even in the Christian tradition not related to Jesus.


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[Assistant] John Mark is a figure who appears in the book of Acts, uh, who is a, uh, a Christian in the book of Acts. Uh, he's not one of the twelve disciples.


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[Assistant] Coptic Christians today, they'll tell you that Mark is the one who originally started the church. That's a later legend. That's, that's almost certainly not historically, uh, historically accurate.


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[Assistant] He's, he is thought, uh, he was thought by some to have written the second gospel, the New Testament, the gospel of Mark.


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[Assistant] Who is thought to be a companion of Peter. So that the Gospel of Mark by that tradition then carries the power, the authority of Peter. But uhm, I think, I think Jesus was not married at all.


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[Assistant] Alright, so there's that. Some people, uh, basing their views again on Dan Brown say that Jewish men were always married in the ancient world.


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[Assistant] Well, it's not true. It can't be true. It's, we know it's not true. The reason it can't be true is because in the ancient world, except in times of real serious war,


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[Assistant] Men outnumbered women all the time.


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[Assistant] Men outnumbered women all the time because so many women died in childbirth. And so there were always more men than women.


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[Assistant] Which means every man could not be married. It's just a sociological fact.


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[Assistant] Apart from that, we know that there were Jewish men who were not married in the days of Jesus.


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[Assistant] This was a Jew, a group of Jews called the Essenes.


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[Assistant] And we know from a number of ancient sources that the Essenes who held these apocalyptic views did not get married. Why didn't they get married? Well, we don't know exactly, but there were people thinking that the end was coming very soon and they wanted to prepare for it and they probably thought that marriage would interfere with their preparations for the end of all time.


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[Assistant] Jesus also was an apocalyptic Jew who thought that the end was coming within his disciples lifetime. He told his disciples, some of you standing here will not taste death before they see that the kingdom of God has come in power.


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[Assistant] And he meant that not that, you know, you're going to die and go to heaven. He meant that the kingdom of God's coming here. The end of the age is imminent.


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[Assistant] Was Jewish and he told his followers in court that he wished they would be like him, namely, celibate.


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[Assistant] He also was an apocalyptic Jew. So the idea of an apocalyptic Jew like Jesus would be unmarried is not unprecedented. In fact, it seems to have been.


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[Assistant] Well, no, at the time. But there is a piece of evidence that Jesus absolutely was not married. It's a little bit complicated.


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[Assistant] Jesus had a controversy with another group of Jews who


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[Assistant] Oh god, I don't want to get into that. That would take five minutes.


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[Assistant] Jesus and other apocalypticists thought that, that when, when, when God destroys the forces of evil that are making this world such a wretched place, He's gonna bring in His kingdom and everybody's gonna be raised from the dead.


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[Assistant] Uh, and they're gonna, people who have been against God are gonna face eternal punishment.


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[Assistant] So, there's another group of, uhm, of Jews called the Sadducees.


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[Assistant] Who were, uh, very, uh, important in, uh, first century. They were the power players in first century Palestine. And the Sadducees did not believe in the future resurrection of the dead.


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[Assistant] The Sadducees believed that once you were dead, you stay dead, you cease to exist. That's why they were Sadducees.


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[Assistant] Yes, okay, that is what it said. Okay, so, there's a man who married this woman and he was one of seven brothers.


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[Assistant] And he died, and so his brother married her, but then no children, he died, then the third one married, he died, all seven married her. So in the resurrection, whose wife is she gonna be? Well, good question.


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[Assistant] Right, so they're setting a trap for Jesus. And if you've read the New Testament, you know Jesus can always get out of these traps. And what he does in this case is he says that they haven't read the Scriptures carefully because if they had, they would know that in heaven people will be like the angels who neither marry nor are given in marriage.


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[Assistant] Now, okay, so what does that have to do with Jesus being married? It's just this.


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[Assistant] There won't be any natural disasters. There'll be no oppression. There'll be no uh, no injustice. There'll be no hatred. It'll be a perfect place. And Jesus' ethics


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[Assistant] If there'll be no hatred in the kingdom, you should love everybody now. If there'll be no illness in the kingdom, you should heal the sick now. If there'll be no demons in the kingdom, you should cast out demons now. If there'll be no oppression in the kingdom, you should work for justice now. You should implement the ideals of the kingdom in the present.


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[Assistant] If in the kingdom there'll be no marriage or giving in marriage, then to implement that ideal in the present means not to get married. If that's what Jesus taught, he almost certainly wasn't married. That's the logic. So I think Jesus wasn't married.


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[Assistant] So when people say, rabbis got married, they're referring to texts that were written centuries after Jesus' day.


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[Assistant] There were no rabbis in the technical sense in Jesus' day. The rabbinic offices were later.


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[Assistant] The earliest rabbinic text we have is the Mishnah. The Mishnah was written around the year 200. Uh, Jesus died around the year 30.


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[Assistant] And the mistake that scholars made until like about 20 or 30 years ago, uhm, was to assume that what later rabbis said applied hundreds of years earlier.


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[Assistant] Scholars today don't think it worked that way any more than you would think that some, you know, whatever your traffic laws in Yelm are, that somehow that tells you about what traffic laws were in the year 1653. Right? I mean, you're living hundreds of years later.


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[Assistant] The rabbis were living hundreds of years later, and so, uh, whatever they said about marriage of rabbis later, uh, has no relevance to Jesus. So Jesus is called a rabbi in the New Testament, but at that point, it's not a technical term for an office. It'd be like today, uhm,


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[Assistant] So that's a kind of title. I'm also a teacher.


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[Assistant] But there are lots of people who are teachers who are not professors. So professor is like a title that tells you something about my status in the university, and teacher is just something I do that lots of, most of you do as well. So all of you could be called teachers, but you're not university professors.


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[Assistant] So, Rabbi is kinda like that. Later it came to be like university professor, but in the days of Jesus it just meant teacher. Literally meant teacher.


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[Assistant] Where I live, actually Christians, uh, many Christians where I live will say, if you don't believe in the Bible, you can't be a Christian.


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[Assistant] Maybe Christians say that here too, but they certainly say it where I live, which is historical nonsense.


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[Assistant] Because belief in the Bible has never been a criterion for being Christian, historically.


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[Assistant] So why is it now all of a sudden that the creed is you have to believe in the Bible? Well, it's a, it's a very modern cultural phenomenon that has hit, uh, principally hit America. It has not been the standard Christian belief.


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[Assistant] So who wrote the Bible? People wrote the Bible. I think the Bible is a great book. I mean, I love the Bible. I read the Bible all the time. I read the New Testament in Greek. I read the Old Testament in Hebrew. I study it. I think about it. This is very much a part of my life, but it's a human book. My wife is a scholar of Shakespeare.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, you know, it's actually very interesting teaching the book of Revelation in the south, because uhm, my students, like a lot of conservative Christians, they think the book of Revelation is giving a blueprint for what's going to happen in the future.


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[Assistant] And if you go to a Christian bookstore today, you go to the section of the bookstore that's on Christian prophecy, and it's all about the book Revelation, and about how the prophecies are coming to fulfillment today. And, uh, you know, this has always been going on.


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[Assistant] I need, I need to give background because we're not in the south. Uh, do you all know what the term rapture means?


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[Assistant] 88 reasons why the rapture will occur in 1988.


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[Assistant] And I had students whose parents believed, I had students whose parents literally sold the farm.


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[Assistant] Because they thought Jesus was coming back. So this book was written, the guy who wrote it wasn't an idiot, he had been a rocket engineer for NASA.


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[Assistant] Jesus is talking to his disciples and they say, when's the end going to come?


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[Assistant] So too, when all these things place, you know that the end is near.


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[Assistant] 24, excuse me, Matthew chapter 24. So, uh, Edgar Weissenant, this NASA scientist, rocket engineer who, who wrote this book.


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[Assistant] When the fig tree puts forth its leaves, you know that summer is near. So that's an image of the fig tree being dead through the winter, putting forth its leaves and coming back to life.


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[Assistant] This generation will not pass away before all things take place. In the Bible, a generation is 40 years.


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[Assistant] So, so Rosh Hashanah came and went, no Jesus, and you, you probably can predict what Edgar Weissman did. He wrote another book.


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[Assistant] And in this other book, he pointed out that he had forgotten that when they came up with the modern calendars, there was no year zero, that it went from 1 BC to 1 AD, and so his calculations were off by a year, so it's going to be 1989.


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[Assistant] And so it goes. So, uh, right, okay, so, so the thing is everybody in my world, and not everybody,


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[Assistant] Think that the book of Revelation especially is predicting what's going to happen in the future and the prophecies are being fulfilled.


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[Assistant] Uhm, in my book on the historical Jesus that I, uh, it was one of my earlier books. It's called Jesus the Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. I tried to show that Jesus was an apocalypticist.


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[Assistant] Who had this idea that the end was coming soon.


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[Assistant] Everybody who's, every Christian who's ever said that the world is gonna end within their own generation have had two things in common. One is, they base it on the book of Revelation. The second is, they have all been incontrovertibly wrong.


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[Assistant] What I do is I try to stress that the Book of Revelation in fact is not even intending to be a blueprint for the future.


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[Assistant] And we have other instances of apocalypses from the ancient world. Other Jewish and Christian writings that are in this form of book. It's a genre. So you have short story genre, you have lyric poems that are a genre, epic poems are a genre, novels are a genre, apocalypses are a genre.


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[Assistant] Uh, but if you don't understand how the genre works, then you assume it's talking about what's going to happen next week sometime. And so the key is to understand the genre. Once you understand the genre, you realize this is not predicting the future.


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[Assistant] He was writing to talk about how God is going to do something about the miserable condition of this place.


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[Assistant] You'll survive the suffering you're going through. Just hold on.


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[Assistant] Hold on to your hope and your faith. If you do that, you'll survive. That's what the book's about. The book is not about what's going to happen in Rosh Hashanah 2008 or whatever, yeaah. Okay, yes.


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[Assistant] Came into being by forces that we don't understand, but I don't think there was any divine creation behind it.


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[Assistant] And, uh, I did not think that was a pleasant prospect, and I, uh, was afraid of that. And emotionally, it was more of an emotional, it was emotionally,


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[Assistant] Uh, and so when I was in my 20s and 30s and moving away from the faith, this was a very troubling, uh, idea for me. I also thought that


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[Assistant] I have to say that for me personally, life is much more meaningful now that I think this life is all there is. Because I feel now that life, it's a gift without a giver in a sense. I feel life is a gift and I feel that


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[Assistant] Personal relationships. Grabbing for all of that that I can.


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[Assistant] Uh, so last year I raised, uh, my first year of my, my blog, I raised $37,000, uh, that I gave to charity, every cent, and this year I hope to do better, and I hope some of you would be willing to join this blog, because


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[Assistant] Uh, well, because I hope that you share the values I have. I know that we have different opinions about many things, especially spiritual realities, but I think we can all agree that we should live life to the fullest here and that we should help people in need because doing so is what, in part, makes us human. Thank you very much.


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[Assistant] Zack. It's good to finally meet face to face. Lazard, Director of Soldier.


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[Assistant] Soldier First Class Genesis. A month ago, he went missing during a mission in Wutai. Know anything about this?


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[Assistant] The mission is currently stuck in Limbo. That's why we've decided to send you. Uh, to Wutai? Yes. This war has gone on long enough. I've recommended you for first.


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[Assistant] Ah, good. Unattainable dreams of the best kind.


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[Assistant] I'm here. I must apologize. Being on site is taxing.


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[Assistant] And Geomonsters. Does that mean he's here?


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[Assistant] So you wanna be in Soldier? Hang in there.


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[Assistant] One piece of advice. No. An order.


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[Assistant] Embrace your dreams and whatever happens, protect your soldier honor. Got it? Sir. We're all coming back here alive. You hear me?


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[Assistant] Project G was Angel's mother's experiment. I apprehended Hollander and Modeoheim and turned him over to the company. After that, the company put me on standby. That was a while ago. Shinra is in disarray. The Turks are hanging around me every day.


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[Assistant] They say our vacations overlapped coincidentally. He outright. But none of them ever mention Angeal or Genesis. Not a whisper. Almost as if they never existed. Is that how little soldier is worth? What exactly do I have left to fight for? What is soldier honor?


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[Assistant] No. Never mind that. What is this? Are they putting me out to pasture?


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[Assistant] Cisne, go do something.


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[Assistant] How do you know that? Am I being watched?


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[Assistant] These guys are still around? But, Genesis...


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[Assistant] Mind securing, Hollander? Don't you need me on the battlefield?


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[Assistant] Making progress, huh? As for me, I still haven't secured Hollander. Gotta move.


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[Assistant] Zack, you remembered. Well of course. Good to be working with you again, man. Yea, although my job is kinda dull.


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[Assistant] Don't say that! Search and rescue is very important work. Hey, why don't we grab a bite to eat? After you're done. My treat. Really? That would be great. So, once I'm feeling better, I'll go. Because, right now, just thinking of food makes me- Sorry, Zach.


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[Assistant] Ah, damn it! He's destroying the gate to attack the


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[Assistant] Now we've got scorpion types? Hollander's too well connected.


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[Assistant] Uh, huh? Sephiroth? Long time no see.


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[Assistant] That can't be. We wiped out those Genesis copies.


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[Assistant] Uh, uh, yeaah. Take care. You too.


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[Assistant] Hmm? I thought I sensed something, but...


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[Assistant] Does this mean... Angeal is out there too?


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[Assistant] Can you hear me? Stay right where you are!


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[Assistant] I'll... I'll take care of things.


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[Assistant] Yeah. Hey, Aerith. When the wagon's done, will you go above the plate?


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[Assistant] Oh, come on. When you go above, I'll be with you. Don't be afraid.


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[Assistant] Right. Now that that's done, let's get this wagon built. I'll go gather the materials. Aerith, you wait here.


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[Assistant] Ugh, there's more of you. Well, what are you waiting for?


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[Assistant] But then why did they attack me? What? They can't tell the difference between me and a monster?


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[Assistant] You're annoying too. You were spying on Aerith, right?


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[Assistant] Hmm. Oh! That's a good find! It'll come in handy, I'm sure.


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[Assistant] Hey, hey, you! What are you doing there? Someone dropped this on the ground. Is it yours? It wasn't dropped there. It was


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[Assistant] Uuuh, what do you mean that car? Which car are you talking about?


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[Assistant] My mother could not continue to live, and neither can her son.


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[Assistant] Sir! As for Hollander, leave him to me.


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[Assistant] That way is the airbase. He's trying to get away by air? No way!


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[Assistant] Hollander, once I catch you, I'll deck you good!


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[Assistant] Alright, Hollander, you'll pay for this.


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[Assistant] Angeal. Angeal. The war is over. Everyone's real happy. As for me...


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[Assistant] Huh. I thought I'd be happier.


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[Assistant] If people had wings, they'd be monsters.


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[Assistant] When I was a kid, I always wanted to have wings. You know, like an angel.


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[Assistant] I want to start by thanking Nicole for that very kind introduction and for sharing her story, which is, uh, not too unfamiliar to me, because they told me I couldn't be where I am, too. So I want to thank Nicole. I'm proud of her.


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[Assistant] That was beautiful. Beautiful. Thank you so much.


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[Assistant] You all handled your business, right? Just because you were graduating didn't mean you... Come on now.


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[Assistant] So today is your day too, and you should be very proud. You really should.


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[Assistant] You all have come so far, I know to make it to this day.


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[Assistant] So all those tests you cram for.


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[Assistant] To the plans you're making now for your careers to go on to graduate school.


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[Assistant] But now she is your class president and she's headed off to Yale for her graduate degree. So there. That's it.


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[Assistant] And I know that some of you may come from tough neighborhoods.


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[Assistant] To being a real possibility for his kids and grandkids. So no wonder he was asking whether this was the same world he'd been born into.


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[Assistant] And that hunger for education lasted for generations in the African American community here in New Orleans.


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[Assistant] There lies in this Southland today buried in unmarked graves, many a black genius who would have blessed this city and this section of our country if only his parents could have had before them the Dillard University you are now building. And in the years since then, through segregation and depression,


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[Assistant] And to learn and to carry forward those hopes and dreams.


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[Assistant] I stand before a sea of young geniuses. Oh yeaah.


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[Assistant] We have to ask ourselves, what about all those geniuses who never get this chance?


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[Assistant] Kids know different from all of us. Kids who never made it out of high school. The fact is that today,


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[Assistant] See, and the thing is, when our young people fall behind like that in school, they fall behind in life.


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[Assistant] They were almost three times as likely to live in poverty, and they were far more likely to end up in prison or be the victims of violent crimes. Now, perhaps when you hear these statistics, you might think to yourself, well, those numbers are terrible, but I'm not part of the problem. And you might be thinking that


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[Assistant] Is by making those same kinds of sacrifices and investments for the next generation.


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[Assistant] Structural inequality, schools that lag behind, workplace and housing discrimination, those problems are too big for one person to fix on their own.


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[Assistant] Education is still the key to real and lasting freedom. It is still true today.


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[Assistant] So it is now up to us to cultivate that hunger for education in our own lives and in those around us. And we know that hunger is still out there. We know it.


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[Assistant] We see it in students like Deshawn and Nicole and all of you who scraped and clawed so you could make it to this day.


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[Assistant] And the more than 200 girls kidnapped from their own school in Nigeria for wanting an education.


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[Assistant] Your valedictorian, three salutatorians are all from Nigeria.


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[Assistant] Imagine how you can inspire those around you to reach higher and complete their own education. And you can start small. Start by volunteering at an after school program.


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[Assistant] Or helping some high school kids fill out their college applications. Show them the path that you took. Or you can think a little bigger. You can get your entire congregation or your community to start a mentoring program. Maybe convince your new employer to sponsor scholarships for underprivileged kids. Or maybe you could think a little higher.


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[Assistant] Maybe you could run for school board, or Congress, or yes, even President of the United States.


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[Assistant] And let me tell you something, I cannot wait to see the world that your children will be born into.


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[Assistant] Opens profile photo. Follow at you, Angela. Button.


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[Assistant] Yeaah. It'll be fine. I know that now.


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[Assistant] What up y'all, how's it going? Ben Dean here back with another mukbang video. Today I'm going to be eating this breakfast burrito and these tots that I just got delivered from a place called Left Coast. It came out to about 20 or $21 with delivery and with this Coke as well. So I'm just going to dive right into this.


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[Assistant] These are a couple of foods I haven't had in a long time, so I'm ready to get stuck in. I'm gonna actually cut this open and try to get a little cross section, so let's see what I can do here.


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[Assistant] Alright, so here's what we got going for us. So it looks like a pretty standard breakfast burrito. Looks like you got pretty much everything you want in there. I did also get extra of everything that you could get extra of. So I got extra bacon, extra eggs.


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[Assistant] Extra American cheese and also extra cheddar cheese. So that was a little bit extra, but still not a bad deal. Uhm, let's just try this thing out.


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[Assistant] Wow, there's nothing quite like a breakfast burrito. This is, and this is a really good one. Uhm, it's like having a good, everything you want in a breakfast in one little convenient wrap.


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[Assistant] Well, everything except the sweet stuff like pancakes, waffles, that kind of stuff.


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[Assistant] All the salty and good stuff. My favorite parts of breakfast is always eggs, you know, bacon, hash browns, or tots. You know, I haven't really seen these at all in Korea.


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[Assistant] This thing is killing it for sure, and I think this is actually chorizo too. Mmm, yeaah.


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[Assistant] Chorizo in here as well, which really kicks it up to the next level. It also looks like it has some onions and a bit of tomato.


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[Assistant] The cheese definitely comes through. It's very, very soft.


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[Assistant] Just like I think it should be, you're just, I dunno, it's like eating a cloud of breakfast goodness.


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[Assistant] Little bit of, not spice, but that kick from the chorizo too. I guess you could call it spice.


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[Assistant] Oh, one just fell on the ground. I'll have to let that one go. But.


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[Assistant] Better than I thought they would be for delivery. I thought they'd be a little bit soggy.


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[Assistant] But nah, actually pretty crispy, so. Yeah, great meal, I'm happy with everything. Uhm, breakfast burrito is something that you can probably make at home pretty easily.


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[Assistant] You know, I'm still on my diet, which I think I'm, you know, I'm making some progress.


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[Assistant] I believe I've lost a few pounds within the last month or two.


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[Assistant] The heaviest, or actually has a scale, the heaviest I've seen myself on that scale is like 145. Which I know isn't that heavy, that's pretty light, but still for me.


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[Assistant] And all that stuff. So when I was at my heaviest, I was after eating a meal, I believe.


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[Assistant] And when I was at my lightest, it was right when I woke up, but still, there was some kind of progress in there, at least I'd tell myself.


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[Assistant] Sorry if this looks like just a small amount of food here, but...


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[Assistant] One of these days, I'll get back into those big mukbangs, hopefully.


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[Assistant] Are also really good. Uhm, you know, a lot of times when you eat breakfast, you like to season the eggs and all that stuff with salt and pepper, but these seem to be seasoned really nicely already.


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[Assistant] I mean, this is one of those things that, you know, sometimes when you're eating food, like breakfast, you have eggs, bacon, you got your toast, maybe some hash browns, and sausage maybe, and you try to


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[Assistant] Well you're eating everything separately to look neat, like you don't want to look like a complete slob. But sometimes you just want to mix everything up like a casserole and just...


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[Assistant] And just slap it down like a pig. But it just looks kinda gross, like, maybe messy. People around you are like, man, this kid's crazy. This dude's like...


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[Assistant] What's he doing over there? So he tried to be neat, and eat like a bite of egg, and then a bite of toast, and then a strip of bacon. But this is like, an acceptable way of just eating that kind of like, breakfast, like every- all in one, you know what I'm saying?


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[Assistant] I'm really just kind of baffled by, and you guys might be too, you guys might have been wondering about it.


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[Assistant] So I'm going to stop talking about the food for now and hop right into something that's just weird. Alright, so if you watched my last video, it was a taquitos mukbang video, which was uploaded on Saturday. I filmed it on Friday, but uploaded it on Saturday.


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[Assistant] Filmed it and uploaded it and edited it just like any other video.


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[Assistant] And uhm, I uploaded, I actually didn't watch this one. Sometimes I'll upload my video and then watch it, sometimes I'll upload it and then not watch it, but this one I didn't watch it. And then yesterday, last night, Sunday night, my


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[Assistant] I was talking to my mom and she was like, yo, what was up with that last video you did? There's like three or four ads in the middle of it. I was like, what? I was like, hold up now. That's, that's insane. That's absurd. Cause I feel like, well, obviously my shorter videos that are under like, you know, five, six minutes or whatever.


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[Assistant] Shouldn't have any ads in the middle, that would just be, that would just be way too much. But maybe my longer videos too.


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[Assistant] I don't, I've never really seen a mid video ad in any of my longer like mukbang videos. So I was like, wait a second, you're telling me there's like three or four ads in this one video? So I checked it out and yeah, there's like four ads I think, three or four.


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[Assistant] And I was, like, really flustered by that. I was like, what the heck?


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[Assistant] Because I, I seriously, everything that's on YouTube, there's a, a button you can check, I believe, and it says like, just like, place my ads for me, or just like,


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[Assistant] Monetization. Enable monetization. Just like deal with the ads. I don't wanna like do anything. I'm just gonna wanna upload it and then have YouTube deal with it.


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[Assistant] And every time I do watch a longer video, I'm not sure if


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[Assistant] Like, YouTube is showing me if, like, the ads because I'm signed into my account watching my own video. I'm not sure if they show me the ads or if other people were watching it they would get the ads in the middle.


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[Assistant] I've never just been sure, but this is the first time my mom was like, I've never seen this before. Like, what's the deal? So I was like, man, that's weird. So, I don't know, I was kinda curious about that. If you guys got all those ads as well, uhm, and if you've seen it before,


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[Assistant] Like have you guys seen any mid video ads before? Like when you're watching the video and all of a sudden an ad pops up? Like I would be, I wouldn't be uhm, really worried if there's one ad in the middle of a video if it was like a decently long video but


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[Assistant] Four is just outrageous and I'm still baffled by that. I'm gonna have to like look into that. And the funny thing is, in that video, I talked about


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[Assistant] And ads and stuff like I talked about. Well, if you've seen it, you know, but I kind of just talked about YouTube and ads, but it's kind of ironic that I was kind of complaining about how my shorter videos didn't really seem to get much revenue. Especially if I'm just talking.


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[Assistant] About a certain topic, but then all of a sudden this video comes out, a video where I'm complaining about ads and it suddenly has like four ads, so I don't know. It's a weird thing.


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[Assistant] It's a mystery that may never be solved. Actually, I'll probably, I'm gonna have to look into it. I'm really curious about this video, what's gonna happen with it.


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[Assistant] That's just one thing about YouTube that I will never understand. I don't care too much about that either way, but anyway, I just want to apologize for that video though if you're in just clear up any kind of


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[Assistant] I-Ideas that you might have had, and you might have been thinking, man, this guy, he was complaining about not getting enough ads, and now he just puts in like, hella ads. Man, this dude is just like, I didn't do anything intentionally there, so, I don't know, it's weird. It's almost like someone at YouTube was like, alright, they watched the video like, aw, this guy, he's bashing us, let's make him look bad. But, anyway, I apologize, for that, for that mishap.


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[Assistant] I did, for sure. Didn't do anything, really. Or didn't do much. It was a pretty low-key weekend, actually.


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[Assistant] Well actually I did kind of, you know, a decent amount of things, but...


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[Assistant] What am I talking about? So I would say one of the highlights of my weekend though for sure was watching the movie Dunkirk.


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[Assistant] Which I told you guys in the last video that I wanted to see. If you don't know about it, it's the new Christopher Nolan movie. And, I would say, I really liked it. And, you should definitely check it out. In the theaters.


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[Assistant] And I would recommend IMAX, even though I didn't see the IMAX, from what I've heard, it's like, IMAX is way better, but still.


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[Assistant] If you don't have an IMAX around you, watching it in the theater is better than watching it, waiting until the DVD comes out or whatever.


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[Assistant] Do they still even have DVDs? I don't know. Anyway.


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[Assistant] I thought it was a really good movie. I might talk about, I kind of want to talk about it a little bit.


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[Assistant] Just in case any spoilers come out and you haven't seen the movie and you want to,


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[Assistant] That you can skip ahead to if you don't want to hear any spoilers, cause I'm just gonna talk about it, I don't have anything planned, but.


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[Assistant] A spoiler or two might come out, so if you don't wanna risk it, then just skip ahead to this time. Anyway.


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[Assistant] So yeaah, I loved it. I would give it uhm, I don't know what I would give it, but it's probably the-


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[Assistant] You know, it's really one of those things that


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[Assistant] Well, for one, I've heard that it's kind of like, kind of polarizing. Some people really like it, some people don't.


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[Assistant] And for a Christopher Nolan movie, I guess it's not that strange, but uhm, it's got a lot of negative feedback from what I've seen.


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[Assistant] And it's one of those movies that, for me, it what, like, if you're expecting Christopher Nolan, like, a mind F. Like, if you expect your mind to get blown at the end of it and be like, what the heck, and walk out of the movie just like, kind of,


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[Assistant] This is one of those movies per se. So if you're expecting that, you know, I, you might get disappointed. But.


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[Assistant] And I think for that reason, a lot of people weren't really into it. Or maybe various other reasons as well, but.


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[Assistant] It was one of those movies that, two days later, I'm still kind of thinking about and just,


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[Assistant] Really kind of appreciating the more time goes by, almost. So after I got done watching it, I was like, kind of...


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[Assistant] I was like, wow, that was a good movie, but I wasn't, my mind wasn't blown, and I wasn't, like...


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[Assistant] Right now, it's one of those like, after thinking about it, I would definitely recommend it to anybody out there. The way he filmed it.


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[Assistant] Was kind of, I was a little bit confused while watching it for some of the time. I was kind of just like, wait, what's going on here? Like, cause Nolan, he's all about time in his movies.


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[Assistant] You know, dealing with the concept of time, but I was a little bit confused.


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[Assistant] By that at some points and also my only other gripe would be that like.


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[Assistant] There were some parts that I couldn't understand. I was at a theater with bad sound though, so.


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[Assistant] That might have been something to do with it. So there's speaking parts that I didn't really understand, but. Those would be like my only gripes. And now looking back at it.


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[Assistant] The whole, the way he did shot it with like three different timelines. I thought, I think it's just like growing. It really just, for me, makes it very unique, I would say.


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[Assistant] That really shot it like that with three different timelines spanning different times, but ending up meeting at the same time. You know what I'm saying? If you've seen it, you probably know.


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[Assistant] Obviously the sound, soundtrack, the visuals were all on point. And, you know, there's some movies out there where


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[Assistant] It might have special, great special effects or a great soundtrack and for that reason it's kinda easy to pinpoint why you like the movie so much.


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[Assistant] And while this movie did have all those elements, and you could definitely tell, there's something about this one that was like, something that I can't put my finger on, why I liked it so much.


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[Assistant] I mean, I felt like I was there. And I was just like, I was in that movie, I got sucked into the screen, you know what I'm saying? So yeah, uhm, anyway.


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[Assistant] You know, he shoots on IMAX film, like on, with IMAX cameras, right? So I think to see it in the best possible way, you gotta check out the IMAX.


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[Assistant] Give it a watch if you haven't seen it. Uhm, also.


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[Assistant] Played some more basketball, played some more golf. I'm not going to bore you too much with those details because


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[Assistant] I'm pretty sure it would probably be pretty boring, but yeah, that was pretty much it. Uh, pretty low key weekend. I didn't have one sip of alcohol, I don't think. Which is kind of like a, I've done a complete 180 since when I first got to Korea. If it was a weekend, best believe I was gonna go out and have some drinks.


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[Assistant] But not this weekend, Friday night, Saturday night, Sunday. You had nothing, so that was kind of, that was kind of different.


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[Assistant] Maybe I'm turning old. I'm starting to like golf and not even going out on the weekend.


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[Assistant] Anyway, wow, what a great, what a great breakfast burrito and tots. Man, I have a whole new appreciation for chorizo now. You know, I've always liked it, I've always appreciated it, but I don't think I've ever had it in a breakfast burrito before.


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[Assistant] And it definitely kicks it up. Uhm, yeaah, great meal. Anyway, before I end this video, I wanna give a few shoutouts. Becky, Ellie, and Wendy.


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[Assistant] Three names that end in the E sound, so that's pretty unique, but thank you guys for supporting my Patreon. Really appreciate it, and appreciate you guys for watching this video. Hope you enjoyed it, and I'll catch you in the next video. Peace!


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[Assistant] Thank you very much for watching, everyone. This has been Elf Learning. Bye.


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[Assistant] You really think you can catch me? Think again!


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[Assistant] Adjectives 2 by L Learning. Here we go. Fast. Fast. Slow. Slow. Full. Full. Empty. Empty. Long. Long. Short.


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[Assistant] Let's try that one more time, no repeat. Here we go. Fast. Slow. Full. Empty. Long. Short. Wet. Dry. Big. Small. Clean.


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[Assistant] Good job everyone. Thank you very much for watching. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Welcome to Opposites 2 by Elf Learning. Listen and repeat.


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[Assistant] Fast, fast, the rabbit is fast Slow, slow, the turtle is slow Full, full, the glass is full


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[Assistant] Empty, empty. The glass is empty. Short, short. It's a short pencil. Long, long. It's a long pencil. Wet, wet.


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[Assistant] It's a wet shirt. Dry, dry. It's a dry shirt. Big, big. It's a big cup.


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[Assistant] Small, small. It's a small cup.


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[Assistant] Clean, clean, it's a clean car. Dirty, dirty, it's a dirty car.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's try that one more time with just the phrases.


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[Assistant] The rabbit is fast. The turtle is slow. The glass is full. The glass is empty. It's a short pencil. It's a long pencil. It's a wet shirt. It's a dry shirt. It's a big cup. It's a small cup. It's a clean car. It's a dirty car.


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[Assistant] Very good job. Thank you very much for watching.


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[Assistant] And hello everybody, we are not live again. I swear to god every other one of these, now we're doing not live.


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[Assistant] But welcome everybody, it has been a long time. Uh, I think two months. It's been a little fuckin' bit.


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[Assistant] We would've come back sooner, but there's been a lot going on, obviously, with sickness and other world events and Michael moving in. I don't think you had moved in yet the last time we spoke, had you?


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[Assistant] This is the first time we're doing this where you are living here now, officially. Dude, it kinda sucks.


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[Assistant] You move here and the end of the world starts. I- I choose to blame you. It's my fault, yeah. I think there's a correlation here. I think it's entirely your fault.


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[Assistant] Song that was created by one of my lovely moderators, Jupiter, uh, check out her music, it'll be linked down below. It sounds really, really amazing and none of the guests right now can hear it, but I'm gonna ask them to trust me when I say it sounds really good.


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[Assistant] And we also got a new logo with the help of Caitlin Vilbrandt, a friend of mine. You can also check a link down below to her stuff. But anyway, enough of all that. Uh, let's introduce who we have here with us today. We have the cast and crew.


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[Assistant] Of the Lackadaisy animated short film, which is currently being kickstarted on Kickstarter.com.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so do you guys wanna introduce yourselves?


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[Assistant] Talk about what you've done previously and what you're doing on Lackadaisy and all that stuff.


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[Assistant] Uh, alright, but for real, does everybody here want to introduce themselves and talk about what they're doing on Lackadaisy and stuff that people might know them for doing previously? Sure, let's start with Tracy, since she's the creator.


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[Assistant] The voice acting community seems huge, but at the same time, it's also very, very small.


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[Assistant] She is a border collie, uh, and I have her in a two-bedroom apartment.


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[Assistant] So you can imagine what that is like. A lot of walkies is what I imagine. Yeah. She's, I think.


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[Assistant] So she's an indoor dog, but I swear to God, I think she's getting stir crazy from the quarantine because she, she usually only ever wants out like once a day. Now she wants out like three times a day. And I'm like, are you saying that you're sick of us? Are you sick of us being here? Like, sorry.


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[Assistant] I'm very, I'm very hurt, but she gets treats and walkies and tons of love anyway, even if she breaks my heart.


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[Assistant] Maybe she wants all the walkies because she knows that you guys don't have anything better to do. That is true. She's trying to keep us active by exposing us to the plague.


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[Assistant] Alright, and Lisa, do you want to introduce yourself?


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[Assistant] Alright, and last but not least, well, I mean, last but not least should be Michael, but god knows when he'll get back. We'll just introduce him for him.


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[Assistant] If he's not back yet, but, uh, Sungwon, do you wanna introduce yourself?


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[Assistant] And last but not least, uh, is Michael. You all know who he is if you've been watching Honeycast for more than five seconds.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but he, in terms of lackadaisy, is the voice of Rocky.


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[Assistant] In Lackadaisy, uh, I remember when he was talking about it to me, he was like, yeah, there's like this cat comic thing.


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[Assistant] Well, I just introduced you and said that you are rocky and lackadaisy.


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[Assistant] Huh, alright. Well, Michael, you enjoy listening from your phone, I guess. Get back soon.


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[Assistant] Like, they've been out for weeks, and we had to go to the grocery store yesterday for something, I forget what it was. Oh, it was, um, trash bags, that's right, we were running low.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and they finally had toilet paper again, but before that, I had to go into like unopened boxes in the store and like break open boxes to fucking steal some, because everybody's just been hoarding it so hard.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I love the memes where it's like every other country with their bidets just laughing at us.


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[Assistant] Yeah, honestly, I'm seeing a lot that are really, really cheap. Oh my god.


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[Assistant] No, they can, you can get them as cheap as like 60, 40 dollars. Okay, that's fine.


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[Assistant] Oh, she probably feels like oily or something and wants to take a dust bath.


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[Assistant] Just like my chickens. Note to self, we're gonna take you to the groomers. And give you a bath.


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[Assistant] She used to back when, so I got her when I was like a freshman in high school, so I've had her for most of my life.


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[Assistant] And, uh, back when I- she was living with me at my parents' house.


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[Assistant] What she would do is she would go out into the orchards because we grew fruit trees. And she would go out into the orchards and roll in deer shit constantly.


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[Assistant] And so she would be really excited and run up to be pet and wanna snuggle all over me and I'm like, oh.


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[Assistant] I'm gonna wipe you down after we're done, I was about to say streaming, recording! Ashley, that sounded terrible.


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[Assistant] Yeah, you're gonna get a bath and it's gonna be terrible. She's staring at us with like these wild eyes. She's really excited.


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[Assistant] We had a discussion before we started streaming, like, alright, we're not gonna talk about coronavirus or like anything that'll like bring people down, they hear about that enough already, and now we've brought up the coronavirus, and fuck the stock, and-


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[Assistant] Wow, dang. What is the Kickstarter at now? Is anybody looking at it?


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[Assistant] And what does that stretch goal get you guys, or get us as supporters?


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[Assistant] Yeah, the, the moment I was, I remember, I think I was talking to you, Fable. You were like, oh, we'll, we'll see how it goes. Like you were kind of nervous and I'm like, oh honey, honey, that's going to get funded immediately. Like just instantaneously.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so if you, if you guys, the audience, wanna check out the Kickstarter, I am going to have a link to that as well, down below. Please definitely go check it out, you'll be able to see.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a lot of really, really good concept art and also an animatic that was completed that features the voices of


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[Assistant] What it sounds like and all that cool stuff, definitely check the link down below.


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[Assistant] Anyway, to my stock question that I have first that I am actually very interested to hear, uh, Tracy, I wanted to ask you, uhm, how did Lackadaisy all get started? Like, what motivated you to create it? Like, what were your inspirations?


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[Assistant] The way, the way I've been thinking about Midnight Gospel is it's the craziness of Adventure Time, but Pendleton Ward was given permission to say fuck. Yes. Yeah.


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[Assistant] It's just super adult crazy trippy adventure time.


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[Assistant] Yeah, there are still ones happening. I'm just kinda like, well...


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[Assistant] I can focus on other stuff, but god, someday I would love to do a reanimate. I think the one that I've always had in mind is a Danny Phantom reanimate.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I was thinking just the intro, but honestly doing a full episode would be crazy.


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[Assistant] Just, hell, why not go all out and just animate one of the, like, fucking TV movies?


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[Assistant] Like ultimate enemy. No, but if I was to do like an episode it would probably be an Ember McLean episode. Probably her first episode. Cause you got music, you got waifus, you got, you know, everything that you need.


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[Assistant] You have Danny making dumb faces. Exactly.


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[Assistant] Oh, that would also be cool. Ember is top waifu, and that song will stay stuck in my head for my entire life.


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[Assistant] Alright, so we should probably start getting into the user submitted questions. Um, which reminds me, I should probably talk about this. So we've had a lot of changes with the Honeycast lately. And the biggest one is that now you can make your requests and questions and all that via Twitter.


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[Assistant] Uhm, Twitter and Instagram, I do believe, uh, every time I announce a Honeycast, I will make a post saying, hey, respond to this if you have a question or comment and want it read, uhm, so check


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[Assistant] Make sure you're following me at Ash Nicholsart on Twitter or Ashley Nicholsart on Instagram to submit your questions there, but also so we can continue supporting ourselves and keeping these streams financially viable.