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[Assistant] So you make that current in such a way. Now, how do we actually do this? Well, of course, this will be a current source. It can be a single or cascode current source. Well, we can make it a single.


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[Assistant] Right? And then, this is a tail cardinal source that can be a single.


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[Assistant] And by choosing this W over property, you can set this voltage to be right, so that when it's fed with like 1 one hundredth of that current, it would set this voltage the right way.


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[Assistant] You put a gain of, you put a load of 50 ohm there, what's the gain? Again, 0.2.


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[Assistant] Right? So, you, you wanna definitely make sure that the load, there's some, if, if you apply resistive load, there's something in between. Otherwise, you've wasted all the effort that you put into making something like that. Now, so, we'll continue this discussion.


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[Assistant] We'll build more sophisticated algorithms, both MOSFET and bipolar. And see why the topological choices are made. The key here, the most important thing is not the specific examples. These are good, these are examples. The key is to understand the thought process.


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[Assistant] Because when you do that, then you can construct new designs. Yes.


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[Assistant] Don't listen to Zippy, said Poppy. You'll make the team. Eddy sighed.


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[Assistant] Well, for one thing, you're supposed to take notes.


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[Assistant] We're supposed to write down the names of all the different trees we see.


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[Assistant] Say, Eudora, speaking of my blank...


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[Assistant] 1 a.m. Saw a kite on a fence. 2 a.m. Heard an' wowl.


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[Assistant] 3 15 a.m. South, I heard a braggler? What's a braggler?


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[Assistant] Well that's better, but just in case one of your baragulars comes up, I suggest you get yourself a weapon.


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[Assistant] What's this about Miss Othmar coming back? I thought her name was Mrs. Haggemeier now.


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[Assistant] I haven't had a bath in months! Wukong laughed. Now we won't have to cover our noses when you're near!


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[Assistant] I knew it must be suppertime. I could hear you staring.


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[Assistant] It's all settled then, Snoopy. You can stay here with Linus and Lucy. I'll only be gone for a few days. They'll take good care of you, okay? So long, old friend. We'll be back in a few days.


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[Assistant] Alright, it's true. Thanksgiving is a bad time to be a bird.


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[Assistant] You can be sure that dressed like that, no one is going to confuse Woodstock with a turkey.


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[Assistant] Tire Town School. Episode 54. The Dirt Pile.


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[Assistant] Gasser is a monster truck, Dipper said. But he's really nice.


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[Assistant] I'm Carlin, said an old van. What do monster trucks do? I drive on dirt, Gasser said. I also jump over stuff.


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[Assistant] I see dirt, Jeb said. That's a big pile, Eddie said. Workers left it, Grandma said. They dug out the pond.


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[Assistant] You were pretty fast. But you didn't make the team.


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[Assistant] Well hello and welcome to this English lesson about describing things you buy. You can't really go through life without buying things. So there's probably things that you've bought that you already own.


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[Assistant] Or things that you want to buy or are going to buy. And it's nice to be able to describe those things. There's a variety of words in English that we use to describe the things we buy. Uhm, sometimes used to express what we think about it.


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[Assistant] Before we buy it, the reason we want to buy it, or to describe it after we bought it. Some of these words will be very positive, some will be a little bit negative. But once again, welcome to this English lesson where we're going to learn to describe the things that we've bought or the things that we're going to buy.


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[Assistant] So, when I buy gas, I buy regular gas. So if you look here, there are three different types of gas. There's regular, and there's plus, and there's premium.


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[Assistant] Premium is a word we use to describe something that we buy that's of very high quality.


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[Assistant] If you buy cheese, you can buy premium cheese. It's the best cheese. Maybe it's been aged for three years instead of one year. When you buy gas in Canada, you can buy premium. There's other words too. When you buy gas, you can buy plus and super and super plus. We have a lot of different words.


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[Assistant] A one in front, like a dollar fifty-four a liter would be right. I think this might be American pricing, I'm not sure. But premium, a way to describe something that is very high quality.


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[Assistant] Which is the next word? When you buy something that's high quality, it's made really well.


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[Assistant] They've used the best materials when they've made it. And they've really made sure when they make it that they take their time and do it properly. If you've ever bought a high quality belt, it lasts for years.


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[Assistant] When you buy a high quality belt, the buckle on the belt is very, very well made.


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[Assistant] When you buy a high quality belt, they use the best materials, the best leather or any other material that they're using. So high quality simply means the best material and they were very careful and worked


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[Assistant] Cautiously? No, not cautiously. They worked carefully and with a lot of care when they put it together.


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[Assistant] Which is the opposite of low quality. I'm sure you've bought something before that's low quality. If you buy low quality jewelry, sometimes it breaks really easily. Sometimes the clasp on the necklace will stop working. The clasp is where it connects together on the back.


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[Assistant] If you buy a low quality belt, sometimes the buckle breaks or maybe some of the thread starts to come out.


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[Assistant] High quality, well made, good materials, low quality.


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[Assistant] Just not made well at all, and very low quality materials as well.


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[Assistant] We also use the phrase well made. In Canada, it's well known that Japanese cars are well made.


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[Assistant] A lot of the cars in Canada that are imports, the cars that come from other countries, are very well made. American cars are well made as well, but there was a time when people really liked to buy Honda cars in particular, they still do by the way, or Toyota cars because they're very well made.


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[Assistant] At the factory, the people who are building the car have very high standards. They always do a good job when they're building the car.


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[Assistant] Put together with care, when the people are building it at the factory, they do a really good job and they always use parts when they build the car that are well made as well.


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[Assistant] Poorly made. So I apologize to anyone who is from America. This is an American car.


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[Assistant] This is a poorly made car, or was known to be poorly made.


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[Assistant] It had some design flaws. One of the problems with this car is that it very easily, if it got in an accident, bad things could happen. It wasn't very well made. So we would say it was poorly made. I believe this is a pinto, but I'm not 100% sure. So a poorly made car


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[Assistant] The design itself is bad. Perhaps the way it was put together is bad and the materials that were used were bad as well. Poorly made.


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[Assistant] And then sometimes we just, in English, say something as junk.


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[Assistant] So, junk is usually used to refer to things you don't want anymore. Uhm, so you throw, so trash, garbage, junk. We use those words somewhat interchangeably.


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[Assistant] But we also sometimes will just say, oh, I bought a new purse and the strap is already getting frayed. You see how it's getting frayed? Someone might say, ah, it's just junk. Or they might say it's a piece of junk.


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[Assistant] So it's another way to describe something that's poorly made. You might just call it junk, or you might call it a piece of junk.


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[Assistant] I in the past have bought many things where I'm like, ah, this bike is just junk, or I did have a belt once that was just junk, a piece of junk.


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[Assistant] So art is something beautiful that people make. A painting or a sculpture. A work of art can be a painting or sculpture as well, but sometimes you will want to buy something like an iMac.


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[Assistant] Uh, which is just so well designed and looks so nice that you would say it's a work of art. Have you seen the new iMac? Oh, it's a work of art. It means that you like the way it's designed. You like the curves and the edges and how it looks and the metal and plastic that they use to build it.


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[Assistant] If you ever buy something that's just beautiful as well as functional, you would maybe describe it as a work of art.


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[Assistant] So flawless is often used to describe something like a pearl or a diamond, but it can be used to describe many things. It means that it has no flaws.


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[Assistant] So there's no imperfections. So a flawless pearl. There's no, like it's perfectly round. It doesn't have any marks on it. There's no small


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[Assistant] But when something is flawless, it means there's no mistakes, there's no flaws, uhm, there's no blemishes. There's another word for you. And often used to describe something like, you know, if a diamond is cut perfectly, it's a flawless diamond. Or if you buy a perfectly spherical pearl, you might say that it is flawless.


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[Assistant] And then we have handcrafted. So handcrafted is used to refer to anything that is made by hand.


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[Assistant] That is made with someone's hands instead of a machine.


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[Assistant] So when something is handcrafted, someone took the time.


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[Assistant] So perfect is used to describe again something that has no flaws or even that looks beautiful. Often a bride will describe their wedding dress by saying it's perfect or someone will say, did you see her dress? It was perfect.


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[Assistant] So it just means something that's really well made, something that was made with great care, uhm, something that's


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[Assistant] Good for the situation as well. So if I bought a bike because I was going on a long bike ride, someone could say, how was the bike? And I could say, oh, it was perfect. It was exactly the right bike for the trip that I went on. So when something's perfect, it's just awesome in every way.


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[Assistant] So there's three words I'm going to teach together here. Inferior, superior, and extraordinary. And I'm going to use my,


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[Assistant] The three kinds of ice cream we buy, you'll notice there's French on some of these, because in Canada sometimes both languages, or both languages are always on everything, but when I buy this brand of ice cream, hopefully the company that makes it doesn't watch this video, I feel like it's inferior.


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[Assistant] I'm comparing it to this kind of ice cream, which is better. It's superior. And this kind of ice cream, which is extraordinary.


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[Assistant] So, inferior means low quality. The ingredients aren't the best ingredients. In fact, this ice cream has fewer ingredients. The extraordinary. Uhm, it just has cream and sugar and a couple other things in it. But this one has a lot of ingredients. It tastes okay. It's not amazing.


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[Assistant] Uhm, in English we might say, uhm, it hits the spot. Like if it's a hot day and you want ice cream, I will eat this kind with some chocolate sauce on it. But it's not as good as the other two, it's an inferior product.


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[Assistant] This is a superior product to this. Definitely. This is really good ice cream. In fact, yesterday at the market, there's a shop, an ice cream shop that sells this ice cream and I had two scoops of mint chocolate chip. It was tasty.


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[Assistant] This ice cream though is amazing. It's the best ice cream that I can buy.


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[Assistant] It's also a little bit expensive, but it is made with the best ingredients. It's made with high quality cream. It's made with a recipe from


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[Assistant] 50 years ago, where it's just a simple, awesome


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[Assistant] Uh, ice cream. So, three different words, inferior, not as good.


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[Assistant] Superior, better, and extraordinary, like the best. This is an extraordinary ice cream.


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[Assistant] You know, sometimes in English we will overpronounce this word. We'll say something like, oh, it's extraordinary. But the fast way to say it is extraordinary. It's extraordinary. But sometimes just to be fun, we will say extraordinary. Maybe just Bob says that.


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[Assistant] Run of the mill. So when something is run of the mill, it's just normal.


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[Assistant] Maybe you went to a restaurant and you had green beans and someone says, oh, did you have those new green beans, those new amazing ones, the new variety? You can say, no, it was just a run of the mill green bean. So it just means you had an ordinary bean. There was nothing special about it.


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[Assistant] Um, when we buy strawberries, we just buy run of the mill strawberries. When I buy, um,


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[Assistant] Let me see, I'm trying to think of another example. I'll leave it with those. But basically, run of the mill simply means ordinary. Nothing special about it.


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[Assistant] And then we just have the word ordinary. So when you buy a car, if you buy, you know, just a simple four door car with nothing extra, it doesn't have a bigger engine. It doesn't have.


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[Assistant] than what I would own. But when I go for a walk, there's a lot of very ordinary cars on the road. Just simple


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[Assistant] So I just realized this is a lesson where I'm trying to talk about things you buy and nobody buys standing light. So this is a bad...


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[Assistant] Picture, but it is good for the word commonplace. If someone said, do you have dandelions? That's what this type of flower or it's actually a weed. If someone said, do you have dandelions in Canada? I would say, oh, they're commonplace.


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[Assistant] This simply means they're everywhere. When I look out the window, I can see dandelions. When I drive to work, I see dandelions. When I get to work, the lawn has dandelions in it, so they are commonplace. If you were to ask something, I'm trying to think of something you buy.


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[Assistant] Oh, if someone said, are, do people eat breakfast cereal in Canada? You would say, oh yea, breakfast cereals are commonplace. There's a whole aisle of breakfast cereal in the grocery store, in my grocery store. So, when something is commonplace, it means it is everywhere.


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[Assistant] Grade A. So there's a number of different ways


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[Assistant] To specify quality, sometimes things are rated grade A, sometimes they're graded triple A. Uhm, when you buy things like vegetables, you can buy grade A vegetables. That means when they harvested the vegetables,


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[Assistant] In one spot. And then there's less good vegetables that go in other spots. So grade A simply means the best. So in any kind of sorting process, we often use this for meat as well. Grade A or triple A grade meat. So.


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[Assistant] Lackluster. So this is now more negative. When something is lackluster, it's less than ordinary.


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[Assistant] Uhm, there's nothing really that exciting about it. So you might buy a watch, and this watch has a simple black band, a simple white face, and it tells the time, but it doesn't tell you the month, it doesn't tell you anything else. It's a very, uhm, trying to think of another word for it.


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[Assistant] Like it's a, the base model. There's nothing.


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[Assistant] Exceptional about it. So we would say it's lackluster. So my son bought a watch. I'll show you what watch he bought in a little bit. And it's kind of fancier. So this would be just a plain watch. Uhm, a normal watch. And then not, nothing exciting about it. You wouldn't


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[Assistant] See someone wearing this watch and then go home and tell someone, oh, you should have seen my boss's new watch. If your boss bought this watch, you probably wouldn't even notice it.


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[Assistant] Garden variety. So this is another phrase we use to describe something that's ordinary or normal. So if you get the flu, or if you get COVID, if you have the flu, let me back up. If you were sick,


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[Assistant] And someone said, oh, you have the flu. Do you have COVID? You might say, no, I just have a garden variety flu.


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[Assistant] Garden variety means like just the normal flu. Oh, do you have pneumonia? No, I just have a garden variety cold. So I have the normal cold. So it just refers to something that is ordinary or normal.


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[Assistant] So, what's kind of funny because I made this lesson.


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[Assistant] And then last night at market I was talking to the vendor beside me.


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[Assistant] And he said, well, you know, you get what you pay for. And I thought, oh, I, I should go home and put that phrase in this lesson. In English, when someone says you get what you pay for, they usually mean that you have something that isn't working right.


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[Assistant] But you bought something cheap. So if I was to buy a really cheap car, and it broke a day later, my brother might say, well, you get what you pay for.


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[Assistant] If I was to buy cookies, and those cookies were


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[Assistant] Half the price of all the other cookies in the store. And if I took a bite and I was like, oh, this does not taste good. Jen can say, well, you get what you pay for.


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[Assistant] Basically, it's kind of a saying saying, well, you didn't pay enough for that. So why are you surprised that it broke or doesn't taste good or whatever? So you get what you pay for.


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[Assistant] So we have a couple phrases to talk about things that are kind of ordinary. I've gone over a few already, but one would be plain vanilla or even just vanilla. Vanilla is a flavor.


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[Assistant] But we also use it to describe the ordinary version of something.


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[Assistant] If I bought a new minivan, there are three different options. The bottom option, the cheapest option, I might just call it plain vanilla. It doesn't mean the van is white.


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[Assistant] All it means is that if I was to buy the $30,000 van or the $40,000 van or the $50,000 van, I would describe the cheapest option as plain vanilla. It doesn't have any of the extras. It's just the normal version.


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[Assistant] I bought a new phone. There are three versions of this phone, a Pixel 7a, a Pixel 7, and a Pixel 7 Pro. I just bought the plain vanilla Pixel 7a. I didn't spend extra money for the Pixel 7 or the Pixel 7 Pro. Okay, so it's just another way to describe


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[Assistant] Usually if there's more than one option, the lowest option available to you.


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[Assistant] My mother in law makes really good pie. It's top notch. That means that when I think about all of the different pie I've eaten in my life, hers is really, really well made. I really like it. It is top notch. When I talked about ice cream,


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[Assistant] The ice cream that I described as extraordinary, I could also say is top notch. Oh, that ice cream is top notch. I love it. It is some of the best ice cream. Professional. So sometimes we say professional grade. Sometimes we say it's the professional series.


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[Assistant] When they make certain things, they make it, they make certain things for normal people?


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[Assistant] And then for people who do that as a job. So something like tools. This is a great example. You can go and buy ordinary tools. But you can also buy professional grade tools. They're more expensive.


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[Assistant] I usually spend a little more money to buy professional grade tools or professional tools because they last longer on the farm. They work better.


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[Assistant] Cream of the crop. So cream of the crop is used to describe


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[Assistant] The best of anything. It doesn't have to be fruit.


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[Assistant] It can be almost anything, but when you buy apples, if you buy the cream of the crop, it means you're buying the best apples. No bruises, no blemishes, uhm, perfectly ripe, the cream of the crop.


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[Assistant] So if they harvest 100 apples and 10 apples are perfect, we would call those 10 apples the cream of the crop.


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[Assistant] Best seller. Sometimes you go and you buy a book and you buy a best seller.


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[Assistant] Sometimes an author is referred to as a bestselling author. So if you buy a new book and someone says, hey,


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[Assistant] Is it a good book? You could say yeaah, did you know it's a best seller? Uhm, which basically means they sold a lot of copies of that book. Award winning. So in Canada, I'm sure in many other places in the world,


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[Assistant] There are cooking competitions. Two that come to mind are sometimes there's a chili cook-off where people go and make chili. Chili is something that's made with beans and hamburger and vegetables. If it's vegetarian chili, it obviously doesn't have hamburger in it. But sometimes, uhm,


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[Assistant] You go to a restaurant and they serve an award-winning chili.


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[Assistant] Or an award winning soup, or an award winning bread. It means that they won an award somewhere.


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[Assistant] It means that you can buy award winning wine in my area. Wine that's really good and it won an award from some sort of award giving organization. But if something is award winning it means that at some point in time


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[Assistant] They won an award, a medal or a trophy because it was so good.


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[Assistant] Top of the line. I don't always buy top of the line computers. My computer over there. Where do I click here?


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[Assistant] My computer right here, oh it's kind of hard to see. It's, it was a top of the line computer four years ago.


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[Assistant] And I probably should replace it next year. But top of the line means the best. So if there were 10 different computers that I could buy, if you buy the one that's the most expensive, you would say it's top of the line. I didn't actually buy the most expensive computer though. But anyways, it still was a really good computer.


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[Assistant] In my mind, it was top of the line. It was the best computer. It's getting a little old now.


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[Assistant] Lit. So this is a newer word. Uh, this is the watch that my son bought. Uhm, which is definitely not ordinary. It's pretty cool looking. It's white. It has a really cool face. It has a neat name. G-Shock. And a word that has begun


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[Assistant] I think I started hearing it three years ago is lit. Younger people use this word like, oh, that watch is lit. It means cool. It means awesome. It means amazing. Um, let's get the official definition of lit. Meaning of lit. I wonder if it's even in the dictionary yet. We'll find out in a sec. Meaning of lit. Is my internet not working? Hmm. I should check to make sure the live stream is still working.


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[Assistant] A couple weeks ago I was wearing jeans and I said I like wearing jeans because they're tough, they're durable. They don't rip easily. It's a good thing to wear on a farm. I don't roll up my, uhm,


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[Assistant] Pant legs like that though. And I don't have nice shoes like that. This guy is stylish. Anyways, jeans are very durable. It's a very tough material. It doesn't get wrecked easily. It doesn't rip easily. So, jeans, very, very nice. High end.


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[Assistant] I cannot afford this, but this is high end sound equipment. So high end refers to very expensive, very well made.


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[Assistant] All the best materials and components. Some people love sound equipment and they buy high end speakers, loud speakers. They buy high end sound equipment. So it means of the best quality, like super, super high quality, high end.


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[Assistant] Four things to end. Brand new, like new, used, and refurbished.


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[Assistant] So this is how we describe things that we buy. I bought a brand new phone. It simply means that no one owned this phone before me.


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[Assistant] They made this phone at the phone factory and they put it in a box.


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[Assistant] And then eventually I bought it and they sent it to me. It is brand new.


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[Assistant] No previous owner. No one owned this before me.


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[Assistant] Like new means that someone owned it before you, but they took really good care of it, and you're buying it used.


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[Assistant] There's no scratches. You wouldn't even know it was used. It was so well taken care of. So it's like new. Sometimes when you buy a phone, you don't want to buy a brand new phone.


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[Assistant] So you go to a store and you buy one that's like new. So it is used, but it's so.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it was so well taken care of, you think it's new still.


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[Assistant] And used is just simply a general term for anything that was owned before. You can buy used clothing. You can buy a used car. Uh, you can buy a used bike. Um, if someone was to buy a motorcycle, you could say, oh, did you buy it new or used? Oh, I bought it used. I can't afford a new one. So used simply means that someone owned it before you. Refurbished refers to something that was previously owned


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[Assistant] And it's used, but someone made sure it's working well. We usually use this to talk about computers and phones or printers, usually electronics, like, oh, did you buy a new printer? Uh, no, I bought a refurbished printer. That means it was used.


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[Assistant] But someone who is an expert at printer maintenance, hello fly, made sure that it's working well. They cleaned it, they replaced the toner, uhm, it looks new almost. Uhm, a refurbished computer is a computer where maybe they clean the screen, replace the battery,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They made sure it's working and in proper order, so it is refurbished. So it's used


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[Assistant] But an expert has made sure that it's working properly again.


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[Assistant] I know where to dig, Jeb said, at the construction site.


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[Assistant] Well, hello there everyone and welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to teach you how to describe things. Now, I know you already know how to describe lots of things in English. You probably know how to describe something that's big or small, tall or short.


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[Assistant] Maybe aren't the most common or most popular, uhm, but they're definitely still used. So, one of the first words I want to talk about is the word pungent. And if you look on this slide here, you'll see that I put garlic. A fairly universal vegetable.


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[Assistant] Or spice. Vegetable or spice? I'm not sure. I think it's a vegetable. Uhm, but most places in the world will recognize garlic. Now you can say that garlic has a very pungent smell. It has a very pungent odor. When I walk in the house, and if Jen is cooking something that has garlic in it,


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[Assistant] It is very easy to identify because of its pungent odor. Okay, let me say pungent one more time. It is a bit of a challenging word to say, but things like onions and garlic where they have a very strong odor, that might be another word you would use or a strong smell. You can also use the word pungent. So garlic.


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[Assistant] I do really like garlic. I like garlic bread, actually. I don't know if you've ever had garlic bread with cheese. It's very very very tasty.


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[Assistant] Uhm, the next one that I want to talk about is the adjective earthy.


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[Assistant] When something has earthy colors, it usually means they have colors that are from the brown, uh, part of the color spectrum. So when you look at this slide here, you will see a painting that uses a lot of earthy tones. It uses a lot of earthy colors.


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[Assistant] Who spends a lot of time outdoors. Someone who maybe doesn't cut their hair a lot. You could describe them as being very earthy. Someone who likes to camp.


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[Assistant] And spend a lot of time outside. But anyways, this lesson isn't about describing people. I did a whole bunch of lessons about describing people earlier this year.


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[Assistant] So let's stick with describing things. So you can describe a color as being earthy, different tones of brown. You can also describe something as tasting a little bit earthy or even smelling earthy. When you, uhm, plant


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[Assistant] Plants in a pot, and you use potting soil, you could say that the soil smells very earthy.


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[Assistant] Uhm, then we have the word rotten. This is probably familiar to you. When something is rotten, it means that it has gone bad. You can see this lemon here is rotten. You can see that this lemon has been out for too long, sitting on the counter in someone's kitchen.


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[Assistant] And it has started to, started to rot. So we would say that this lemon is rotten.


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[Assistant] Uhm, you could also say that something smells rotten. So you could say, that banana is rotten.


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[Assistant] But you could also use it to describe the smell. Uhm, I'm sure you could say something tastes rotten, although at that point, uhm, that would be a little bit gross, wouldn't it? If something tasted rotten.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and then you can also say people are rotten. Uhm, if someone is a rotten person, it means they do bad things. Uhm, I try really hard to be a good person, but there are certainly people in the world who are rotten.


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[Assistant] Uh, the next one. Sharp. So sharp has a lot of different meanings. Uhm, you could say that cheese smells sharp.


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[Assistant] You could say that cheese tastes sharp. So if you have ever eaten mozzarella cheese, it's a very mild cheese. Mozzarella cheese doesn't have a strong flavor. But if you have ever eaten cheddar cheese, in particular, well-aged cheddar or old cheddar, it has a sharp smell.


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[Assistant] And when your knife isn't sharp, it's hard to cut things.


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[Assistant] You can use sharp to describe a smell. You can use sharp to describe a taste.


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[Assistant] You can use sharp to describe something that's actually sharp. Why am I cutting my hand? I shouldn't do that. You can describe it for something that is actually sharp like a knife. Uh, and you can also use sharp to describe people. If you say that someone is sharp, it means they're very, very smart.


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[Assistant] Uhm, you can also talk about pencils as being sharp as well. When you use a pencil, you like to have a sharp pencil. So sharp, many, many uses. Hopefully, uh, I just gave you several examples there.


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[Assistant] Let me see where I am here. Of course the opposite of sharp is dull. So a knife can become dull.


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[Assistant] But when you're talking about flavors and you're talking about smells, we don't use the word dull. You would say that it smells mild or that it has no smell or is odorless. But if a knife no longer cuts, we would say the knife is dull.


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[Assistant] If a pencil, uhm, if the end of the pencil starts to get worn down, we would say, oh, this pencil's dull. And then you would sharpen the pencil to make it sharp again.


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[Assistant] You can also describe people as being dull. It's not a nice thing to say, but a dull person is a boring person.


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[Assistant] So you might have a friend who, when you invite them to a party, they don't talk a lot. They just kind of stand in the corner. They don't dance. They, they, they're just kind of dull. So it's not a nice way to describe a person. It's a little bit insulting.


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[Assistant] But if you say that someone is dull, it means that they are boring.


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[Assistant] Uhm, we have the word fluffy. This chick right here is fluffy. When chicks hatch out of the egg, they are very, very fluffy. Kids often have stuffed animals, which are very fluffy. When something's fluffy, it has a lot of soft, really nice hair.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but definitely a small chicken or a chick as we call it is very fluffy. I don't know why I'm laughing at fluffy. Uhm, I'm not sure. But anyways, there's a chick and it's fluffy.


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[Assistant] Uh, we have the word sticky. So honey is sticky. I tried to pick as many things to describe uhm,


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[Assistant] As would, that would be universally known around the world. So honey comes from bees and if you have ever eaten honey, you'll know that it's very sticky. I get a little annoyed sometimes when there's honey on the counter in the kitchen. Sometimes my kids will put honey in their tea


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[Assistant] That is sticky. So you can be in a sticky situation. Uhm, what that means is let's say uhm, someone at work.


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[Assistant] They say what are you doing? In that situation, we would say you are in a sticky situation because you just got caught stealing something. So sticky can be used


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[Assistant] To describe many, many things, uhm, definitely if you get caught stealing something, you would be in a sticky situation.


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[Assistant] So, juicy. Uhm, when you make orange juice from oranges, we do that because oranges are juicy. There is a lot of juice in an orange. When you eat something like a carrot, it's not very juicy. When you eat something like a watermelon, it is very juicy.


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[Assistant] Often when you eat something that's juicy, it will drip while you're eating it. And if it, wherever it lands will become sticky. So juicy and sticky are definitely related to each other. Okay. Uhm, so yes, oranges are definitely juicy.


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[Assistant] It can be juicy. Some apples are really juicy, some aren't. Uhm, but oranges and watermelons are definitely juicy for sure.


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[Assistant] Uhm, we're gonna talk a little bit about, uhm, adjectives that have to do with temperature. And instead of just talking about hot and cold, I wanted to talk about some


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[Assistant] I would call them the second tier adjectives. So we use the word freezing a lot. We could say, uh, it was a freezing cold day. It's freezing outside. Uh, what's it like outside today? It's freezing. It doesn't actually need to be below zero for you to say it's freezing outside because it's all relative.


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[Assistant] At this time of the year, a normal daytime temperature is about 15 degrees Celsius.


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[Assistant] If it was four degrees celsius today, I could go outside and say, oh, it's freezing out here. Even though it's not below zero.


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[Assistant] It's still an accurate way to describe the temperature. You can use this literally. You can say it's minus one. It's freezing outside. But if you go into someone's house and they keep the temperature in their house lower than your house,


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[Assistant] You can say, oh, it's freezing in here. It might actually be 19 degrees Celsius, but when you are cold as a human being, you can use the word freezing. Okay. So right now it's actually freezing in here because we don't have our furnace on yet.


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[Assistant] And it's a fairly cold day outside, so our house is cold. So again, even though it's not below zero in here, I can still say it's freezing. Uhm, lukewarm. So sometimes you wanna have a hot bath and you put hot water in the bathtub, but then maybe someone phones you and you talk on the phone for a while.


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[Assistant] Which phone should I use? This phone or the real phone? And then when you go back to get into the tub, it's Lukewarm. So Lukewarm means


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[Assistant] It's not as hot as you wanted it to be. We have the same thing happen when you have a cup of tea or coffee. Sometimes you pour yourself a cup of tea and it's the right temperature but then you get busy and when you come back the tea is lukewarm. So when something is lukewarm, it's not as hot as you wanted it to be. Uhm,


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[Assistant] Frigid. I should make this picture a little bit bigger so you can see what's happening here. When something is frigid, it is cold. Uhm, sometimes in the winter, uh, people do this in Canada. Usually on January 1st.


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[Assistant] And they smash the ice and they go for a swim. And it's usually really cold. The water is frigid.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it's just a crazy thing to do. I've never done it. I have friends who have done the polar bear swim. Uh, but when you do it, the water is frigid. People go in the water, they stay in the water for just a few seconds, and then they come out again because the water is frigid. It is extremely cold.


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[Assistant] Uhm, we use the word boiling to describe something that is really hot.


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[Assistant] It doesn't have to actually be boiling. It can be. So when you have water on the stove or in the kettle, you can listen until you hear the water boiling. So then you have water that has the bubbles of steam coming out. But we also use boiling just to describe things that are hot. So you could take a bite of soup and say, oh, this is boiling. Technically, it's not actually boiling.


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[Assistant] The same is true when you visit someone's house. If they keep their house really warm in the winter,


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[Assistant] And it's higher than the temperature you're used to. You could say, oh, it's boiling in here.


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[Assistant] Oh, I'm going to keep going. Sorry. Toasty. Uhm, we use the word toasty. You know, toast, like you put bread in the toaster and then it pops up and then it's toasted. But we also use toasty to just describe.


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[Assistant] A warm and pleasant place. Okay, so if you're outside in the winter,


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[Assistant] Yes, we're doing well, no problem. So old fashioned is another word that we use. Uhm, people can be old fashioned too, by the way. But if something is old fashioned, uhm, it means that it is, I put old fashioned, but I meant to put old fashioned.


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[Assistant] Let me just check that for a sec. Well, let's not worry about it. Let me just say it. It's an old fashioned phone or an old fashioned phone. I have to check.


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[Assistant] Bob the Canadian doesn't know the answer. Old-fashioned or old-fashioned? I think I say it wrong. What's the difference? Ah, yes. Old-fashioned. There we go. I did it right.


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[Assistant] I know I must have checked it. This is an old fashioned phone. Whenever something is really old, eventually we say it's old fashioned. Okay. And you can also say that people are old fashioned because


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[Assistant] Uh, basically what you're saying is that they wear clothes that are really old. Maybe they have a really old car. Maybe their phone looks like this instead of like this. And you would say that they are an old fashioned person. Uhm, let me see here. Crooked.


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[Assistant] So we're looking at a few, uh, descriptions of shape now. So this nail is crooked. Normally a nail is straight, but it looks like this one got hit a few too many times in the wrong direction, and so now it is crooked. You could also say that it is bent, okay?


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[Assistant] Sometimes when you drive down a country lane, it's very crooked, okay? So anytime something is not straight, you can say it's crooked.


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[Assistant] You can also use this to describe people. If you say that someone is crooked, if you say that a person is crooked, it means that they are not honest.


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[Assistant] And they are probably someone who doesn't mind committing crimes. Okay. So sometimes what we do in English is we'll say, oh, don't deal with that business. That person is crooked.


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[Assistant] That means that even though they have a business, they don't do things properly and they like to cheat people out of money. So crooked people are not nice people. Uhm, crooked nails can be fixed. It's harder to fix someone who is crooked. Uhm,


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[Assistant] Yes, Claudia in the chat is saying, does old fashioned mean like vintage? Absolutely. Yes.


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[Assistant] Uhm, now let's talk a little bit about, uh, money. Couple slides here about money. This car is an affordable car. This is just a normal Nissan four-door sedan.


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[Assistant] We would say that this is an affordable car. It doesn't cost a lot of money. You can buy this car quite easily if you have a good job. It is affordable.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so maybe it was wrong to say expensive is the opposite. An affordable car is a car that you have enough money to buy and you don't go into a lot of debt in order to buy it. An expensive car simply costs a lot of money.


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[Assistant] Uhm, menial. So when we talk about jobs, there are certain jobs or tasks that we would say are menial. A menial job. Let me get a little drink here for a sec.


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[Assistant] A menial job is a job that requires you to do physical labor that doesn't require a lot of thinking, okay? So if your job is to shovel dirt, we would say that that is a menial job or a menial task. If your job is to, uhm,


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[Assistant] Let's see, let's say your job is that you are inventing a vaccine for COVID.


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[Assistant] That is not a menial job. That is a very high end job. But if you have a menial job, it usually means you are doing, uh, physical work and labor intensive tasks.


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[Assistant] Now we get to colors. So you can use the word vibrant to describe colors. When colors are vibrant, it means that they're very bright. They're very, uhm, let's see, how would I describe this? Uh, like, not like my shirts. My shirts are very plain. This picture is very vibrant.


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[Assistant] In the spring, when everything starts to turn green, the colors outside are very, very vibrant. Vibrant colors are just awesome. Uhm, people don't tend to dress in vibrant colors. They usually dress in colors that are a little more moderate.


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[Assistant] So when something is translucent, it means you can sort of see through it.


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[Assistant] But you can't totally see through it, okay? So when something is translucent, it's like this piece of tape this person is holding or this piece of paper.


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[Assistant] Uhm, basically, you can kind of see their fingers behind it. You can't see through it completely, but something that is translucent will let some things through, okay? So if you have translucent glass, it means that you can sort of see through it. We often have translucent glass.


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[Assistant] Cheesy is an interesting word. Obviously if you buy a pizza with a lot of cheese on it, you can say that the pizza is cheesy, okay? But we use this also to describe things that are not in fashion.


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[Assistant] Or when someone wears something that's very interesting like this jacket and this tie, you could say that this person is wearing a very cheesy tie and a very cheesy jacket.


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[Assistant] Basically, it means not in fashion. Uhm, usually when someone wears something that's cheesy, it might have colors that don't match. You can also use cheesy to describe other things. You might go to a party


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[Assistant] And they might, it might, the party just might be really cheesy. Like, maybe it was an 80s themed party where everyone was supposed to dress up like it was the 80s, but people didn't do it well. You could describe it as cheesy. So basically cheesy means not cool. There you go. Uhm, so if something's cheesy, it is not cool.


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[Assistant] Ish. So you've probably heard this added to a lot of words in English. We say things like, oh, I saw a car that I liked the other day. It was bluish.


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[Assistant] Just to kind of make a general statement. So we don't know exactly what color brown


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[Assistant] What we would say, what we would say, the dog had brownish ears or he had a brownish face. So it's not completely brown, but it's a little bit brown. So ish is kind of, uhm, you'll hear me say it sometimes at the beginning of the live stream in the chat. I'll say we're starting in about five ish minutes.


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[Assistant] So basically ish means that it's not precise. So let's say the live stream was starting in six minutes. Six minutes. I could say we're starting in about five ish.


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[Assistant] And it just means close to five minutes. So ish is an interesting little thing we add. It's very informal. Um, but, uh, you could say to someone, do you want to meet around 10 ish?


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[Assistant] And it means not exactly at 10 o'clock, maybe at 5 to 10 or 10 after 10, but definitely we add ish to colors and time quite regularly and size as well, like smallish, you know, large ish. That sounds a little funny, but ish is added to words a lot.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I don't know why. I hope Coke doesn't get mad at me.


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[Assistant] By the way, this is the Canadian spelling of flavor. If you are learning American English, you would take out the U.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but if something is flavorless, it means that it has no flavor. Okay? So often in the world, you will buy things to drink or you will buy something to eat and it will just be a bit flavorless. It just doesn't have very good flavor.


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[Assistant] Uhm, hey, I wanna say hi to, uh, thank you to Sylvia Liang for joining and becoming a member of the channel. Thank you so much for supporting me. That's often, that's awesome of you. Uh, and uh, thanks for doing that.


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[Assistant] Uh, the opposite of flavorless would be flavorful. Again, pay attention. There is a U in flavor in Canada, but there is no U in America. So flavorful. If something has a lot of spices in it, we would say that it is flavorful.


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[Assistant] In the winter in Canada, the roads are often very slippery. The sidewalks are often very slippery because there's lots of ice and it's easy to slip. So you could say, oh, it's very slippery out there today. The roads are very slippery. It's a slippery sidewalk today. Be careful out there.


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[Assistant] You can also use slippery to talk about people. If a person is slippery, it means that they are a little bit dishonest. Okay. So you again could say, you know, don't buy things at that business because the owner, he's a very slippery person. Um, that means that they are a dishonest person.


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[Assistant] Rod says, diet coke tastes like medicine. Yeah, I don't drink diet pop. I don't drink a lot of pop or soda anyways. Uh, but, uh, I'm that I'm not a big fan of it either. Sylvia says, so happy to be a member and join the live chat. Thanks for being here, Sylvia. That's awesome. Um, sleek.


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[Assistant] When something is described as sleek it means it's very polished and glossy.


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[Assistant] It's a very sleek looking motorcycle. You know, it just has really cool design features. The blue paint looks, the light reflects off it in a really cool way. It's a very sleek looking vehicle. Sports cars and high-end motorcycles are often described as being very sleek.


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[Assistant] Uhm, rough. So rough is an interesting word because it has to do with the surface. When I work on the farm in the summer, my hands become rough from the hard work. I do a lot of menial jobs on the farm and my hands become rough.


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[Assistant] Uhm, the wall that you see in the far side of the slide


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[Assistant] Is made out of stone, so it would be very rough. I mean, the opposite of rough is smooth.


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[Assistant] And it's definitely not smooth. We also can use rough to describe things that are difficult. So climbing a mountain is a very rough thing to do. It's a very rough job. You could say it was really rough yesterday climbing the mountain. You could use rough to describe a relationship. Things are really rough right now.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so rough simply means not smooth, either in texture or situation.


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[Assistant] Scrumptious. So uhm, I don't eat a lot of cupcakes, but cupcakes are scrumptious. When something is incredibly tasty, when it is super yummy, I'm using a lot of other words here as well, you would say that it is scrumptious.


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[Assistant] It's almost always used to describe food. I can't think of an example where you would use it to describe a drink. You could say, you know, this, um, cafe mocha latte is delicious.


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[Assistant] But you would probably say this cupcake is scrumptious. This cake is scrumptious. This food is scrumptious. It's just really, really tasty and really, really yummy.


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[Assistant] Sorry, the last few here, it's kind of random, but that's okay.


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[Assistant] Learning a bunch of random adjectives I think is still helpful.


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[Assistant] Microscopic. So when something is really, really small, we say that it is microscopic. Snowflakes are microscopic. It's hard to see them with the naked eye. Okay, so I know I used the word naked there. When you say that something's hard to see with the naked eye, it means that you need to use a telescope


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[Assistant] Like if it was far away in space. Or a microscope. So a microscope is for looking at really small things. Or binoculars.


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[Assistant] So when you, when it's hard to see something with the naked eye, you need to use something with lenses in it.


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[Assistant] But when something's really small, you can say it's microscopic. Okay. So the COVID virus is microscopic. We can't see it. It is extremely small. So we would describe it as being microscopic.


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[Assistant] Uhm, when something's gigantic, we say it is mammoth. Uhm, so this is a mammoth wave, okay? We don't use the word mammoth a lot. It actually comes from the really big, woolly,


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[Assistant] Uhm, but we use the word mammoth to describe large things. You could say, oh, SpaceX fired off this mammoth rocket into space. Or I was out surfing and there was this mammoth wave that I caught and I surfed on.


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[Assistant] So mammoth is used to describe something that is really, really big.


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[Assistant] So when something is steep, it means that it is hard to climb. Usually used to describe a mountain or hill. You could say, oh, I was out hiking and I had to go up a really steep hill. I climbed a really steep mountain the other day. Uhm, or something like a cliff. The cliff was very steep.


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[Assistant] I think all cliffs are steep, but anyways, steep is something that is very hard to climb. In fact, last weekend, uh, my family and I went hiking and we had to climb a very steep hill at the end of the day and I was quite tired actually after we climbed that steep hill.


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[Assistant] Uhm, water can be shallow. Uhm, let me just check something here. Yeaah, we're good. So, water can be shallow. When water is shallow, it only comes up maybe to your knees. When you are at the beach, when you first walk into the ocean or into a lake, it's usually quite shallow.


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[Assistant] Uhm, when you walk further out it gets deep, but it's usually quite shallow.


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[Assistant] You can also describe a person as being shallow. A person who is shallow is just kind of uhm, yeaah, they're not a kind person, they're not a caring person, uhm, they kind of do things


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[Assistant] A shallow person cares only about their own looks and how much money they have. Yeaah. So a shallow person is just someone more interested in themselves than other people.


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[Assistant] Narrow, so this is a very narrow street. Uhm, when something is narrow, it's the opposite of wide. Okay, so I'm getting a little bit wide down here.


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[Assistant] You can describe an alleyway or a street as being very narrow. So it just means that it would be hard to drive a car down this street. Certainly if two cars were coming,


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[Assistant] The street is too narrow. It's a narrow street one would have to back out. Uhm, let's see here.


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[Assistant] Yes, Panthera says shallow is the opposite of deep, and if we use it for people, then they are not sophisticated. Definitely. In fact, I think I'm going to talk about deep next. You can also say a person is deep. But anyways, if you go far out in the ocean or a lake, the water might be quite deep.


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[Assistant] We also use this to talk about space. Something can be out in deep space. Uhm, so deep simply means really far down in the ocean or really far out


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[Assistant] Uh, in space. Uhm, when you're baking, sometimes you wanna use a deep pan. So you want, uh, if you wanna make deep dish pizza, you need a pan that's really deep in order to bake it. You can describe a person as being deep as well. If someone is very deep, they like to have


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[Assistant] Intellectual smart conversations about things. So a deep person, uh, is just someone who's very intelligent and likes to, uh, have great conversations about really cool and interesting things. Um, and if they, you know, they're philosophical, you would say they are very deep.


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[Assistant] So when we are done eating in the kitchen we often wipe off the table with a damp cloth. A damp cloth means that it is a little bit wet.


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[Assistant] When a cloth is put in water and you take it out, it's dripping wet, and so you wring the cloth so that it doesn't drip water, but the cloth is still a little bit damp.


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[Assistant] So in our kitchen after supper, we usually get a soap, soapy water and a cloth and we wring it out, but we still have a damp cloth and then we wipe off the table and we wipe off the counter. So that is damp. So damp means just a little bit wet.


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[Assistant] Sometimes when you go outside, uhm, yesterday.


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[Assistant] Yesterday in my short video, it started raining and I said, I said S-H-I-T. I don't want to say it out loud because the video gets demonetized, but if you want to go to my other channel, uh, and watch that video, let me see if I can find a link for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll put it in the chat. Uhm, I was shooting a video and it started raining, uhm, and I said kind of a bad word, but then after that my jacket was damp.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't stay out in the rain and get soaking wet?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead, my jacket was just damp. So when something's damp, it's just a little bit wet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Greasy. Uhm, when you cook something that has a lot of oil in it, or a lot of grease in it,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pan becomes greasy. So you could say that this is, this is a greasy pan, okay? So when you do the dishes, it's sometimes hard to clean a greasy pan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We sometimes describe food as being greasy, okay? So sometimes when you eat food that has been deep fried, when you eat deep fried fish or french fries, uhm, the food has a lot of grease or oil in it and we would say that it is greasy. Sometimes we order pizza and the pepperoni


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, makes the pizza really greasy. You can see oil on top of the pizza, and we would say that it's greasy. So when something is greasy, it just means it has a lot of oil in it. Uhm, generally when we are done frying things, using a frying pan, the pan is usually greasy. So this is definitely a greasy pan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Master was still mortal before we reached the western paradise. He couldn't be carried then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I know why he dropped us, Master. You must face 100 challenges in order to become a Buddha.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So other bad things must happen now?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong nodded. I hope there won't be too many more problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the west side of the freeway and Palo Alto are the haves. On just about any dimension you think of education, income, access to water. On the east side of the freeway are the have-nots.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And even if you don't know East Palo Alto, you might know this story of Eastside disparity, whether it's the separation of the railroad tracks in East Pittsburgh or the Grosse Pointe Gate in East Detroit or East St. Louis or East Oakland, East Philly. Why is it that communities on the social, economic and environmental margin, they tend to be on the east sides of places? Turns out, it's the wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you look at the Earth from the North Pole, you'd see that it rotates counterclockwise. The impact of this is that the wind in the northern and the southern hemispheres blow in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth to the east. So the way to think about this is, imagine you're sitting around a campfire. You've got to seat 10 people, you've got to keep everyone warm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The question is, who sits with the smoky wind blowing in their face? And the answer is, people with less power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This campfire dynamic is what's playing out in cities, not just in the US, but all around the world. East London, the east side of Paris is this way. East Jerusalem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is about disparity. It's about haves and have-nots. And that's become part of our culture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not saying every single community in the East is on the margin, or every community on the margin is in the East, but I'm trying to make a bigger point about disparity by design.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you find yourself talking about any cardinal direction or a freeway, a river, some train tracks, you're talking about an Eastside community. Now the wind is obviously a natural phenomenon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Consider the fact that every Eastside community in the United States was built during the era of legal segregation. We clearly weren't even trying to design for the benefit of everyone. So we ended up dealing with issues like redlining. So this is where the government literally created maps to tell bankers where they shouldn't lend. These are some of those actual maps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those financial design decisions became a self-fulfilling prophecy. So no loans turned into low property tax base, and that bled into worse schools and a less well-prepared workforce, and lo and behold, lower incomes, it means you can't qualify for a loan. It's just a vicious downward spiral. And that's just the case with lending. We've made similarly sinister design decisions on any number of issues, from water infrastructure


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't think this is how we'd want to be remembered, but this is basically what we've been doing to Eastside communities for the last century. The good news is, it doesn't have to be this way. We got ourselves into this Eastside dilemma through bad design, and so we can get out of it with good design. And I believe the first principle of good design is actually really simple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have to start with the commitment to design for the benefit of everyone. So remember the campfire metaphor.


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[Assistant] I gotta make a note to the gentrifiers, because the point of this image is not to say you get to roll into Eastside communities and just move people out of the way. Because you don't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you start with this first principle of benefiting everyone ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are the elegant solutions to close this gap between Palo Alto and East Palo Alto in Silicon Valley? I've got to like the odds of starting with EPA.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if we can solve the problems for EPA, we could apply those solutions to other Eastside communities. If you think about it, it's actually a massive investment opportunity and an opportunity to drive policy change and philanthropy. But at the core, it's this fundamental design principle, this choice of whether we're going to decide to take care of everyone. And it's a choice we can make, loved ones. We've got the capital.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've got technology on our side, and it keeps getting better. We've got some of the best entrepreneurs in the world in this building and in these communities right now. But the fundamental question is, what are we designing for? More haves and have-nots? More disparity? Or parity? The choice to come together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this English lesson, we're going to show you some sentence patterns that you can use in everyday life. Let's get started. If you don't mind me asking.


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how old are you?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how old are you?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how old are you?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you married?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you married?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you married?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, do you want to have kids someday?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, do you want to have kids someday?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, do you want to have kids someday?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how much do you make at your job?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how much do you make at your job?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, how much do you make at your job?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, where do you live?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, where do you live?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you dating anybody?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you dating anybody?


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[Assistant] If you don't mind me asking, are you dating anybody?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you please pass me a washcloth and a towel?


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[Assistant] Can you please pass me a washcloth and a towel?


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[Assistant] Can you please pass me a washcloth and a towel?


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[Assistant] Can you please pass me a glass of orange juice?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you please pass me a glass of orange juice?


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[Assistant] I am a teacher at Sunshine Elementary School.


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[Assistant] I am a teacher at Sunshine Elementary School.


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[Assistant] I am a teacher at Sunshine Elementary School.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am a lawyer at Redford and Partners.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am a software engineer at Harper Tech Services.


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[Assistant] I am a software engineer at Harper Tech Services.


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[Assistant] I am a software engineer at Harper Tech Services.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am an editor at Red Lily Publishing.


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[Assistant] I am an editor at Red Lily Publishing.


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[Assistant] I am a carpenter at Willowbrook Company.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The capital of India is New Delhi.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The capital of India is New Delhi.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The capital of India is New Delhi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. They were married in 1945.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. They were married in 1945.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. They were married in 1945.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Jim's favorite snack is pistachios.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Jim's favorite snack is pistachios.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Jim's favorite snack is pistachios.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. The gym is closed on Mondays.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The gym is closed on Mondays.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The gym is closed on Mondays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. The first Olympic Games were in 1896.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The first Olympic Games were in 1896.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. The first Olympic Games were in 1896.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Chamomile tea doesn't have caffeine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Chamomile tea doesn't have caffeine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. Chamomile tea doesn't have caffeine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount Everest.


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[Assistant] You are wrong. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount Everest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are wrong. The tallest mountain in the world is Mount Everest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I already told you I don't want to see that movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I already told you I don't want to see that movie.


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[Assistant] I already told you I don't want to see that movie.


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[Assistant] I already told you the car needs an oil change.


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[Assistant] I already told you the car needs an oil change.


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[Assistant] I already told you the car needs an oil change.


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[Assistant] I already told you I have a doctor's appointment today.


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[Assistant] I already told you I have a doctor's appointment today.


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[Assistant] I already told you I have a doctor's appointment today.


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[Assistant] I already told you I can't make it to volleyball practice tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I already told you I can't make it to volleyball practice tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I already told you I can't make it to volleyball practice tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I already told you I'm allergic to shellfish and peanuts.


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[Assistant] I already told you I'm allergic to shellfish and peanuts.


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[Assistant] I already told you I'm allergic to shellfish and peanuts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a woman who grew up in a traveling circus.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about a woman who grew up in a traveling circus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a woman who grew up in a traveling circus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about the beginning of World War I.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about the beginning of World War I.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about the beginning of World War I.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a girl who goes to boarding school in England.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about a girl who goes to boarding school in England.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a girl who goes to boarding school in England.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about aliens coming to Earth.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about aliens coming to Earth.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about aliens coming to Earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a princess that trains an angry dragon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a princess that trains an angry dragon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a princess that trains an angry dragon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just read a book about a boy who can talk to animals.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about a boy who can talk to animals.


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[Assistant] I just read a book about a boy who can talk to animals.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a famous tennis player.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a famous tennis player.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a famous tennis player.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a comic book illustrator.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I secretly want to be a YouTube beauty blogger.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a YouTube beauty blogger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I secretly want to be a YouTube beauty blogger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I secretly want to be a stand-up comedian.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a stand-up comedian.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I secretly want to be a wrestler in the WWE.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a wrestler in the WWE.


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[Assistant] I secretly want to be a wrestler in the WWE.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You will probably like the science fiction film I just watched.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the science fiction film I just watched.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the science fiction film I just watched.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the blueberry waffles with whipped cream.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the blueberry waffles with whipped cream.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the blueberry waffles with whipped cream.


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[Assistant] You will probably like staying in the deluxe hotel suite.


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[Assistant] You will probably like staying in the deluxe hotel suite.


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[Assistant] You will probably like staying in the deluxe hotel suite.


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[Assistant] You will probably like my friend Angelina.


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[Assistant] You will probably like driving in my convertible.


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[Assistant] You will probably like driving in my convertible.


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[Assistant] You will probably like driving in my convertible.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the resort in Belize.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the resort in Belize.


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[Assistant] You will probably like the resort in Belize.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as extraverted and talkative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as extraverted and talkative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as extroverted and talkative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as introverted and creative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as introverted and creative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as introverted and creative.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as shy and socially awkward.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as shy and socially awkward.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as shy and socially awkward.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as direct and honest.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as direct and honest.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as intelligent and hard to please.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as intelligent and hard to please.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as intelligent and hard to please.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as thoughtful and easygoing.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as thoughtful and easygoing.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as thoughtful and easygoing.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as hardworking and organized.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as hardworking and organized.


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[Assistant] I would describe myself as hardworking and organized.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for egg fried rice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for macaroni and cheese.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for macaroni and cheese.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for macaroni and cheese.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for deep fried tofu with spicy ketchup.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for deep fried tofu with spicy ketchup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for deep fried tofu with spicy ketchup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for pistachio ice cream in a waffle cone.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for pistachio ice cream in a waffle cone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for pistachio ice cream in a waffle cone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for mushroom tacos with lots of green salsa.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for mushroom tacos with lots of green salsa.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for mushroom tacos with lots of green salsa.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a craving for stir-fried noodles with plum sauce.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for stir-fried noodles with plum sauce.


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[Assistant] I've got a craving for stir-fried noodles with plum sauce.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done writing my thesis.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done writing my thesis.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done writing my thesis.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done redecorating my office.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done redecorating my office.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done redecorating my office.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done grading the homework.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done applying for jobs.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done applying for jobs.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done applying for jobs.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done with work for the day.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am done with work for the day.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am restoring my vintage Cadillac.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am restoring my vintage Cadillac.


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[Assistant] Finally, I am restoring my vintage Cadillac.


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[Assistant] You must promise to not drink and drive ever again.


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[Assistant] You must promise to not drink and drive ever again.


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[Assistant] You must promise to not drink and drive ever again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to investigate this further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to investigate this further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to investigate this further.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to give me your grandmother's recipe.


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[Assistant] You must promise to give me your grandmother's recipe.


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[Assistant] You must promise to give me your grandmother's recipe.


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[Assistant] You must promise to help me look after the puppies.


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[Assistant] You must promise to help me look after the puppies.


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[Assistant] You must promise to help me look after the puppies.


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[Assistant] You must promise to be my best friend forever.


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[Assistant] You must promise to be my best friend forever.


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[Assistant] You must promise to be my best friend forever.


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[Assistant] You must promise to stay in touch while you are in Australia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to stay in touch while you are in Australia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to stay in touch while you are in Australia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to give me my diamond earrings back after the event.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to give me my diamond earrings back after the event.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must promise to give me my diamond earrings back after the event.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always watch TV while I eat.


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[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always watch TV while I eat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always watch TV while I eat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I chew my nails when I'm nervous.


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[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I chew my nails when I'm nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I chew my nails when I'm nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always eat candy after lunch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always eat candy after lunch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I always eat candy after lunch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I never clean up after myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I never clean up after myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I never clean up after myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I grind my teeth at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I grind my teeth at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I grind my teeth at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I spend too much time on social media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I spend too much time on social media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I spend too much time on social media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I put too much salt on all my food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I put too much salt on all my food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of my bad habits is I put too much salt on all my food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I care a lot about what other people think of me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I care a lot about what other people think of me.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about making my parents proud of me.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about making my parents proud of me.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about making my parents proud of me.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the wellbeing of my friends.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the wellbeing of my friends.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the wellbeing of my friends.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about what happens in local politics.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about what happens in local politics.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about what happens in local politics.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the safety of my neighborhood.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the safety of my neighborhood.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about the safety of my neighborhood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I care a lot about taking care of the environment.


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[Assistant] I care a lot about taking care of the environment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I care a lot about taking care of the environment.


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[Assistant] Visible from space, the Okavango Delta is Africa's largest remaining intact wetland wilderness. This shining delta in landlocked Botswana is the jewel of the Kalahari.


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[Assistant] More valuable than diamonds to the world's largest diamond producer.


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[Assistant] And celebrated in 2014 as our planet's 1,000th UNESCO World Heritage Site. Now what you see here are the two major tributaries, the Quito and the Kubangu, disappearing up north into the little-known Angolan highlands. This is the largest undeveloped river basin on the planet, spanning an area larger than California.


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[Assistant] These vast, undeveloped Angolan watersheds were frozen in time by 27 years of civil war. In fact, Africa's largest tank battle


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[Assistant] Since World War II, was fought over a bridge crossing the Ocovango's Quito River, there on the right, disappearing off into the unknown, into the terra da fim do mundo, the land at the end of the earth, as it was known by the first Portuguese explorers. In 2001,


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[Assistant] At the age of 22, I took a job as head of housekeeping at Bundumtiki camp in the Okavango Delta.


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[Assistant] A patchwork mosaic of channels, floodplains, lagoons and thousands upon thousands of islands to explore.


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[Assistant] Ancient baobab trees that stand like cathedrals under the Milky Way. Here, I discovered something obvious. Wildness is our natural habitat, too.


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[Assistant] We need these last wild places to reconnect with who we really are.


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[Assistant] We, all seven billion of us, must never forget


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[Assistant] We are a biological species, forever bound to this particular biological world. Like the waves connected to the ocean, we cannot exist apart from it. A constant flow of atoms and energy between individuals and species around the world in a day and out into the cosmos.


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[Assistant] Our fates are forever connected to the millions of species we rely on directly and indirectly every day. Four years ago,


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[Assistant] It was declared that 50 percent of all wildlife around the world had disappeared in just 40 years.


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[Assistant] This is a mass drowning of 15,000 wildebeests that I witnessed in the Maasai Mara two years ago. This is definitely our fault.


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[Assistant] By 2020, global wildlife populations are projected to have fallen by a staggering two-thirds. We are the sixth extinction because we left no safe space for millions of species to sustainably coexist. Now, since 2010,


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[Assistant] I have polled myself eight times across the Okavango Delta to conduct detailed scientific surveys.


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[Assistant] Along a 200-mile, 18-day research transect. Now, why am I doing this? Why am I risking my life each year? I'm doing this because we need this information to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness before upstream development happens. These are the Waieyi River Bushmen, the people of the Ocovango Delta.


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[Assistant] They have taught me all I know about the mother Okavango, about presence in the wild. Our shared pilgrimage across the Okavango Delta each year


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[Assistant] And our Makoros, or dugout canoes, remembers millennia living in the wild. Ten thousand years ago, our entire world was wilderness. Today, wilderness is all that remains of that world now gone.


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[Assistant] Ten thousand years ago, we were as we are today, a modern, dreaming intelligence unlike anything seen before. Living in the wildernesses that taught us to speak, to seek technologies like fire and stone, bow and arrow, medicine and poison, to domesticate, plant and animal and rely on each other.


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[Assistant] And all living things around us, we are these last wildernesses, every one of us.


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[Assistant] Over 80 percent of our planet's land surface is now experiencing measurable human impacts. Habitat destruction and illegal wildlife trade are decimating global wildlife populations. We urgently need to create safe space for these wild animals.


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[Assistant] So in late 2014, we launched an ambitious project to do just that, explore and protect.


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[Assistant] By mid-May 2015, we had pioneered access through active minefields to the undocumented source lake of the Cuito River, this otherworldly place, an ancient, untouched wilderness.


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[Assistant] By the 21st of May, we had launched the Okavango Megatron Sector.


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[Assistant] In seven dugout canoes, 1,500 miles, 121 days later,


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[Assistant] of polling, paddling and intensive research got us across the entire river basin to Lake Kao in the Kalahari Desert, 480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.


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[Assistant] My entire world became the water. Every ripple, eddy, lily pad and current. Any sign of danger. Every sign of life.


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[Assistant] Now imagine millions of sweat bees choking the air around you, flesh-eating bacteria, the constant threat of a landmine going off.


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[Assistant] Or an unseen hippo capsizing your mackerel. These are the scenes moments after a hippo did just that, thrusting its tusks through the hull of my boat. You can see the two holes punctuating the base of the hull. Absolutely terrifying and completely my fault.


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[Assistant] Many, many portages, tree blockages and capsizers in rocky rapids. You're living on rice and beans, bathing in a bucket of cold water.


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[Assistant] And paddling a marathon six to eight hours every single day. After 121 days of this, I had forgotten the PIN numbers to my bank accounts and logins for social media. A complete systems reboot.


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[Assistant] You ask me now if I miss it, and I will tell you, I am still there.


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[Assistant] Now, why do we need to save places we hardly ever go? Why do we need to save places where you have to risk your life to be there? Now, I'm not a religious or particularly spiritual person, but in the wild, I believe I've experienced the birthplace of religion.


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[Assistant] Standing in front of an elephant, far away from anywhere, is the closest I will ever get to God.