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[Assistant] 13 soldiers in Mexico have been charged with drug trafficking after they were allegedly found in possession of almost a ton of the synthetic drug methamphetamine and 30 kilograms of cocaine.


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[Assistant] A local military commander said the men had been transporting the drug from the capital Mexico City to Tijuana on the US border.


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[Assistant] President Felipe Calderon has deployed about 50,000 soldiers to help fight the war on drugs. Since he came to power, more than 34,000 people have died in drug-related violence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The suspect in the shootings in Tucson, Arizona in January when US Congresswoman Gabriel Giffords was seriously wounded has been indicted on a number of new charges.


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[Assistant] Jared Loeffner now faces 49 counts, including the murder of six people and the attempted assassination of Miss Giffords.


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[Assistant] Oh my gosh! Your hair is amazing! So silky! So shiny! I am gonna work my magic on your hair!


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[Assistant] As we mentioned, the ATM, or automatic teller machine, is a machine where you get your money, right? Exactly. And also, well, some people are in different places, they may call it the bank machine.


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[Assistant] Atm. Atm. And now let's take a look at our next word. Local authorities. The local authorities. The local authorities. So what are the local authorities? Well basically it's the police. The police. Why do you say local authorities?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so it's not his day today. I think he was very unlucky and maybe he's gonna be in trouble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, yeaah, so, well, we saw some of the language that was related to an ATM money and banking, so why don't we take a look at that now in Language Takeaway.


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[Assistant] Alright, slut. And that is an opening, right? Or a type of hole, maybe.


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[Assistant] Alright, now we have two words here that are new. Digit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so any number between 0 and 9 is considered a digit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, why wouldn't we say password? Password is usually letters. Okay, and pin code is numbers. Exactly. Alright, he had to input his six digit pin code, and then after that he had to press the pound key. Pound key! Now this is strange, a pound key.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number signs, so kinda like two vertical lines and two horizontal lines.


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[Assistant] The star key. The star key, alright. So after the pin code, after the pound key, now he's ready to withdraw money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, a withdrawal. A withdrawal. Okay, and to withdraw. To withdraw is just the verb. To take out money, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and well, he wanted to withdraw money, but something happened with the ATM and it turned out that he was gonna transfer money. Uh oh. So transfer. Transfer. Transfer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and usually in banking when you transfer money, you don't really see it, right? Exactly. It's all electronic, so you just put it from one bank account to another, but you never actually see this money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same word. Yep, easy. Alright, so why don't we listen to our dialogue for the second time. It's gonna be slowed down a little bit, and then we'll come back and look at some phrases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To place inside. Exactly. So what else can we insert? Well, for example, commonly you insert a disc. Yea, in your computer. In your computer, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so to insert something to put inside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So he had to insert his card into the slot.


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[Assistant] So it's an order that says, well, select one of these choices that you have.


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[Assistant] Select an option. Alright, so two simple phrases, but very useful and also very high frequency, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so why don't we listen to our dialogue for the last time and then we'll come back and talk a little bit more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I think now the ATMs, because this is a common problem, uhm, now they have like a little alarm that when you take out your money and everything, it just starts beeping and beeping until you take out your card.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, no. Stupid machine, what are you doing? No!


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[Assistant] No, no. Stupid machine, what are you doing? No!


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[Assistant] Written by Sarah Guson.


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[Assistant] Illustrated by Laura Zarin. Focus Question.


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[Assistant] How does the main character solve the problem in the story?


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[Assistant] Picked me last on Monday.


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[Assistant] Picked me last on Tuesday.


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[Assistant] Picked me last on Saturday.


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[Assistant] Then, write the names in ABC order. Social studies and art.


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[Assistant] Draw a picture of a time you take turns. Write about your picture.


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[Assistant] I don't know. I'm just glad we made it out. Look, there's a police car. Help, help! Please stop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are telling the truth. She's in there. We suspected her of being a kidnapper or rapist, but it turns out she's an alien or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ugh, seriously, are you gonna help us or not?


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[Assistant] She's in there. We suspected her being a kidnapper or a rapist, but turns out she's an alien or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's gotta be in here somewhere. Bring her to me. Lord Hater, we have a survivor here. Where is she?


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[Assistant] Don't make me destroy you. Tell me where she is!


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[Assistant] Not so fast. She will no longer be a prisoner. It's time you and I settled this once and for all.


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[Assistant] You are unwise to think you can defeat me. You know nothing of the power of the obscure side.


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[Assistant] Or even if you're not looking for an apartment, this lesson will be useful because it can help you describe what your current apartment or house looks like.


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[Assistant] We're gonna hear these two words in the dialogue. The first one is landlord.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's pretty simple. A landlord is the person who owns the house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, uhm, and a landlord rents out the apartment to the tenants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So why don't we take a listen to the dialogue now and we'll hear as a couple is checking out a new apartment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're just going to look at a bunch of vocabulary items related to apartments and, um, house hunting. So we've got a lot to cover here, so let's get started with the first one. Renovated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so the verb to renovate, uh, great word and I think some examples will help us understand the meaning. Example one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, when you renovate a house or an apartment, uhm, you, you know, take everything down and build it back up again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, and also uhm, when you just do something really simple, like change the paint color, that's not a renovation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's redecoration. When you renovate, you have to like, you know, use a hammer and saw and lots of tools. Changes a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It has lots of space, lots of place to move around.


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[Assistant] Okay, so we know square foot, right? So feet like, uhm, a measure of, of space. Right? Uh, the square footage is just basically the area. How big?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So like your TV, uhm, an iron, uh, vacuum cleaner. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, this is a great phrase and I want to break it down. So, a gas range, now this is basically a stove, right? Okay. Uhm, that uses gas instead of electricity. So I can have an electric range. Exactly. Now, professional grades, this is something that's really high quality.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, of course not, you can have a professional grade anything, like a professional grade carpet, for example.


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[Assistant] Or you can even change this a little bit and say industrial grade.


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[Assistant] So an en suite bathroom is a bathroom inside the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, uhm, and actually this is very uncommon in America, isn't it?


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[Assistant] So after you've done your house hunting and found your apartment, uhm, you gotta set up the payment conditions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can also use some of the vocabulary in this dialogue to tell us about your apartment


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[Assistant] So, check out our website, EnglishPod.com. Alright, and we'll see you guys there. Thanks for listening and until next time, goodbye!


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[Assistant] Let's talk about a failure of intuition that many of us suffer from.


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[Assistant] It's really a failure to detect a certain kind of danger.


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[Assistant] I'm going to describe a scenario that I think is both terrifying and likely to occur. And that's not a good combination, as it turns out.


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[Assistant] And yet rather than be scared, most of you will feel that what I'm talking about is kind of cool.


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[Assistant] I'm going to describe how the gains we make in artificial intelligence could ultimately destroy us. In fact, I think it's very difficult to see how they won't destroy us or inspire us to destroy ourselves.


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[Assistant] And yet if you're anything like me, you'll find that it's fun to think about these things. And that response is part of the problem. That response should worry you. If I were to convince you in this talk,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That we were likely to suffer a global famine, either because of climate change or some other catastrophe. And that your grandchildren, or their grandchildren, are very likely to live like this. You wouldn't think, interesting. I like this TED Talk. Famine isn't fun. Death by science fiction, on the other hand, is fun.


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[Assistant] And one of the things that worries me most about the development of AI at this point is that we seem unable to marshal an appropriate emotional response to the dangers that lie ahead.


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[Assistant] I'm unable to marshal this response, and I'm giving this talk.


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[Assistant] Behind door number one, we stop making progress in building intelligent machines. Our computer hardware and software just stops getting better for some reason.


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[Assistant] Now take a moment to consider why this might happen.


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[Assistant] To prevent us from making improvements in our technology permanently, generation after generation. Almost by definition, this is the worst thing that's ever happened in human history.


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[Assistant] So the only alternative, and this is what lies behind door number two, is that we continue to improve our intelligent machines year after year after year.


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[Assistant] And then we risk what the mathematician I.J. Good called an intelligence explosion, that the process could get away from us.


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[Assistant] Now this is often caricatured, as I have here, as a fear that armies of malicious robots will attack us. But that isn't the most likely scenario. It's not that our machines will become spontaneously malevolent. The concern is really that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We will build machines that are so much more competent than we are that the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don't hate them.


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[Assistant] We don't go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them, we just step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence


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[Assistant] Seriously conflicts with one of our goals. Let's say when constructing a building like this one. We annihilate them without a qualm.


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[Assistant] The concern is that we will one day build machines that ...


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[Assistant] Whether they're conscious or not could treat us with similar disregard. Now, I suspect this seems far-fetched to many of you.


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[Assistant] I bet there are those of you who doubt that super-intelligent AI is possible, much less inevitable.


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[Assistant] But then you must find something wrong with one of the following assumptions. And there are only three of them.


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[Assistant] Intelligence is a matter of information processing in physical systems.


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[Assistant] Actually, this is a little bit more than an assumption. But we have already built narrow intelligence into our machines. And many of these machines perform at a level of superhuman intelligence already. And we know that mere matter


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[Assistant] Build systems of atoms that display more and more intelligent behavior


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[Assistant] We will eventually, unless we are interrupted, we will eventually


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[Assistant] Build general intelligence into our machines. It's crucial to realize that the rate of progress doesn't matter.


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[Assistant] Any progress is enough to get us into the end zone. We don't need Moore's law to continue. We don't need exponential progress. We just need to keep going.


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[Assistant] The second assumption is that we will keep going. We will continue to improve our intelligent machines. And ...


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[Assistant] Given the value of intelligence, intelligence is either the source of everything we value,


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[Assistant] Or we need it to safeguard everything we value. It is our most valuable resource.


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[Assistant] So we want to do this. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. We want to cure diseases like Alzheimer's and cancer.


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[Assistant] We wanna understand economic systems, we wanna improve our climate science.


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[Assistant] And this really is the crucial insight. This is what makes our situation so precarious. And this is what makes our intuitions about risk so unreliable. Now just consider the smartest person who has ever lived.


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[Assistant] And almost everyone's short list here is John von Neumann. The impression that von Neumann made on the people around him, and this included the greatest mathematicians and physicists of his time, is fairly well documented. If only half the stories about him are half true, there's no question he's one of the smartest people who's ever lived. So consider the spectrum of intelligence. Here we have John von Neumann.


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[Assistant] It seems overwhelmingly likely, however, that the spectrum of intelligence extends much further than we currently conceive. And if we build machines that are more intelligent than we are,


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[Assistant] And it's important to recognize that this is true by virtue of speed alone. Right, so imagine we just built


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[Assistant] A super-intelligent AI, right, that was no smarter than your average team of researchers at Stanford or at MIT.


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[Assistant] Well, electronic circuits function about a million times faster than biochemical ones. So this machine should think about a million times faster than the mines that built it.


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[Assistant] So you set it running for a week, and it will perform 20,000 years of human-level intellectual work, week after week after week.


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[Assistant] How could we even understand, much less constrain, a mind making this sort of progress? The other thing that's worrying, frankly, is that imagine


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Imagine the best-case scenario. So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. We have the perfect design the first time around.


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[Assistant] It's as though we've been handed an oracle that behaves exactly as intended. Well, this machine would be the perfect labor-saving device.


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[Assistant] It can design the machine that can build the machine that can do any physical work powered by sunlight more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we're talking about the end of human drudgery. We're also talking about the end of most intellectual work.


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[Assistant] So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance? Well, we'd be free to play frisbee and give each other massages.


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[Assistant] But ask yourself, what would happen under our current economic and political order? It seems likely that we would witness a level of wealth inequality.


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[Assistant] And unemployment that we have never seen before, absent a willingness to immediately put this new wealth to the service of all humanity.


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[Assistant] A few trillionaires could grace the covers of our business magazines, while the rest of the world would be free to starve.


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[Assistant] What would the Russians or the Chinese do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy a super-intelligent AI? This machine would be capable of waging war, right, whether terrestrial or cyber, with unprecedented power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a winner-take-all scenario. To be six months ahead of the competition here is to be 500,000 years ahead at a minimum. So it seems that even mere rumors


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[Assistant] of this kind of breakthrough could cause our species to go berserk. Now, one of the most frightening things in my view at this moment


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[Assistant] Are the kinds of things that AI researchers say when they want to be reassuring?


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[Assistant] And the most common reason we're told not to worry is time.


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[Assistant] This is all a long way off, don't you know? This is probably 50 or 100 years away.


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[Assistant] One researcher has said, worrying about AI safety is like worrying about overpopulation on Mars.


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[Assistant] Referencing the time horizon is a total non sequitur.


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[Assistant] If intelligence is just a matter of information processing, and we continue to improve our machines, we will produce some form of superintelligence.


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[Assistant] And we have no idea how long it will take us to create the conditions to do that safely.


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[Assistant] How long it will take us to create the conditions to do that safely?


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[Assistant] And if you haven't noticed, 50 years is not what it used to be. And this is 50 years in months. This is how long we've had the iPhone. This is how long The Simpsons has been on television.


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[Assistant] Fifty years is not that much time to meet one of the greatest challenges our species will ever face.


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[Assistant] Once again, we seem to be failing to have an appropriate emotional response to what we have every reason to believe is coming. The computer scientist Stuart Russell.


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[Assistant] Has a nice analogy here. He said, imagine that we received a message from an alien civilization, which read, people of Earth, we will arrive on your planet in 50 years. Get ready.


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[Assistant] Another reason we're told not to worry is that these machines can't help but share our values because they will be literally extensions of ourselves. They'll be grafted onto our brains and will essentially become their limbic systems.


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[Assistant] Take a moment to consider that the safest and only prudent path forward recommended is to implant this technology directly into our brains.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now this may in fact be the safest and only prudent path forward, but usually one's safety concerns about a technology have to be pretty much worked out before you stick it inside your head. The deeper problem is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Building superintelligent AI on its own seems likely to be easier than building superintelligent AI and having a completed neuroscience that allows us to seamlessly integrate our minds with it. And given that the companies and governments doing this work are likely to perceive themselves to be in a race against all others, given that to win this race is to win the world, provided you don't destroy it in the next moment,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first. Now unfortunately, I don't have a solution to this problem, apart from recommending that more of us think about it.


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[Assistant] I think we need something like a Manhattan Project on the topic of artificial intelligence.


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[Assistant] Not to build it, because I think we'll inevitably do that, but to, to understand how to avoid an arms race, and to build it in a way that is aligned with our interests.


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[Assistant] It seems that we only have one chance to get the initial conditions right. And even then, we will need to absorb the economic and political consequences of getting them right. But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, that some appropriate computational system is what the basis of intelligence is,


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[Assistant] And we admit that the horizon of cognition very likely far exceeds what we currently know.


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[Assistant] Now would be a good time to make sure it's a god we can live with. Thank you very much.


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[Assistant] Example two. Put some ice on your foot and the swelling will go down.


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[Assistant] Don't cry, Pam. Just cool it. You will be okay.


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[Assistant] And I believe that running can change the world. I know what I have just said is simply not obvious.


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[Assistant] You know, Lebanon as a country has been once destroyed by a long and bloody civil war. Honestly, I don't know why they call it civil war when there is nothing civil about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For years, the country has been divided between politics and religion. However,


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[Assistant] For one day a year, we truly stand united and that's when the marathon takes place. I used to be a marathon runner.


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[Assistant] Stayed at the hospital for two years and underwent 36 surgeries to be able to walk again.


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[Assistant] As soon as I came out of my coma, I realized that I was no longer the same runner I used to be. So I decided if I couldn't run myself, I wanted to make sure that others could.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So out of my hospital bed, I asked my husband to start taking notes and few months later, the marathon was born.


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[Assistant] Organizing a marathon as a reaction to an accident may sound strange.


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[Assistant] But at that time, even during my most vulnerable condition,


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[Assistant] I needed to dream big. I needed something to take me out of my pain and objective to look forward to. I didn't want to pity myself, nor to be pitied.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I thought by organizing such a marathon, I'll be able to pay back to my community, build bridges with the outside world, and invite runners to come to Lebanon and run under the umbrella of peace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Organizing a marathon in Lebanon is definitely not like organizing one in New York.


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[Assistant] How do you introduce the concept of running to a nation that is constantly at the brink of war?


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[Assistant] How do you ask those who were once fighting and killing each other to come together and run next to each other? More than that.


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[Assistant] How do you convince people to run a distance of 26.2 miles at a time they were not even familiar with the word marathon?


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[Assistant] So we had to start from scratch. For almost two years, we went all over the country and even visited remote villages.


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[Assistant] Mayors, NGOs, school children, politicians, militiamen,


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[Assistant] People from mosques, churches, the president of the country, even housewives. I learned one thing. When you walk the talk, people believe you. Many were touched by my personal story and they shared their stories in return. It was honesty and transparency that brought us together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We spoke one common language to each other, and that was from one human to another. Once that trust was built,


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[Assistant] Everybody wanted to be part of the marathon to show the world the true color of Lebanon and the Lebanese and their desire to live in peace and harmony.


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[Assistant] In October 2003, over 6,000 runners from 49 different nationalities came to the start line, all determined. And when the gunfire went off, this time it was a signal to run in harmony for a change. The marathon grew, so did our political problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 2005, our prime minister was assassinated and the country came to a complete standstill.


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[Assistant] That was a turning point for the marathon where people started looking at it as a platform for peace and unity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Between 2006 up to 2009, our country Lebanon went through unstable years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So through the marathon, we learned that political problems can be overcome.


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[Assistant] When the opposition party decided to shut down part of the city center, we negotiated alternative routes.


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[Assistant] You know, the marathon has really become


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They challenged a very stormy and rainy weather.


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[Assistant] People didn't want to miss on the opportunity of being part of such a national day.


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[Assistant] The first annual all women's and girls race for empowerment, which is one of its kind in the region, has just taken place only a few weeks ago with 4512 women, including the first lady. And this is only the beginning. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] BNA has supported charities and volunteers who have helped reshape Lebanon, raising funds for their causes and encouraging others to give.


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[Assistant] The culture of giving and doing good has become contagious. Stereotypes have been broken. Change makers and future leaders have been created.


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[Assistant] I believe these are the building blocks for future peace.


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[Assistant] BMA has become such a respected event in the region that government officials in the region like Iraq, Egypt, and Syria have asked the organization to help them structure a similar sporting event.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are now one of the largest running events in the Middle East, but most importantly it is a platform for hope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After 10 years in Lebanon, from national marathons or from national events to smaller regional races, we've seen that people want to run for a better future. After all, peacemaking is not a sprint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is more of a marathon. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Orange. Yellow. Green. Blue.


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[Assistant] So when you think about a child, a close friend or a romantic partner, the word love probably comes to mind, and instantly other emotions rush in. Joy and hope, excitement, trust and security, and yes, sometimes sadness and disappointment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yet given its central importance in our lives, isn't it interesting that we're never explicitly taught how to love?


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[Assistant] We build friendships, navigate early romantic relationships, get married and bring babies home from the hospital with the expectation that we'll figure it out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the truth is, we often harm and disrespect the ones we love.


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[Assistant] It can be subtle things like guilting a friend into spending time with you, or sneaking a peek at your partner's texts, or shaming a child for their lack of effort at school.


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[Assistant] 100 percent of us will be on the receiving end of unhealthy relationship behaviors, and 100 percent of us will do unhealthy things. It's part of being human.


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[Assistant] In its worst form, the harm we inflict on loved ones shows up as abuse and violence. And relationship abuse is something that one in three women and one in four men will experience in their lifetime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now if you're like most people, when you hear those stats, you'll go, oh no, no, no, that would never happen to me.


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[Assistant] It's instinctual to move away from the words abuse and violence, to think that they happen to someone else somewhere else.


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[Assistant] But the truth is, unhealthy relationships and abuse are all around us. We just call them different things and ignore the connection.


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[Assistant] Abuse sneaks up on us disguised in unhealthy love.


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[Assistant] I work for an organization called One Love, started by a family whose daughter, Yardley, was killed by her ex-boyfriend. This was a tragedy no one saw coming.


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[Assistant] But when they looked back, they realized the warning signs were there, just no one understood what they were seeing.


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[Assistant] Her family realized that if anyone had been educated about these signs, her death could have been prevented.


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[Assistant] We have three main goals. Give all of us a language for talking about a subject that's quite awkward and uncomfortable to discuss.


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[Assistant] Empower a whole front line, namely friends, to help.


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[Assistant] And in the process, improve all of our abilities to love better.


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[Assistant] To do this, it's always important to start by illuminating the unhealthy signs that we frequently miss. And our work really focuses on creating content to start conversations with young people.


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[Assistant] As you'd expect, most of our content's pretty serious, given the subject at hand.


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[Assistant] But today I'm going to use one of our more lighthearted yet still thought-provoking pieces, the couplets, to illuminate five markers of unhealthy love. The first is intensity.


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[Assistant] Anybody recognize that? I don't know, I do.


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[Assistant] Abusive relationships don't start out abusive, they start out exciting and exhilarating. There's an intensity of affection and emotion, a rush. It feels really good. You feel so lucky, like you've hit the jackpot.


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[Assistant] But in unhealthy love, these feelings shift over time, from exciting to overwhelming and maybe a little bit suffocating. You feel it in your gut.


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[Assistant] Maybe it's when your new boyfriend or girlfriend says, I love you faster than you were ready for. Or starts showing up everywhere, texting and calling a lot.


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[Assistant] Maybe they're impatient when you're slow to respond, even though they know you had other things going on that day.


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[Assistant] It's important to remember that it's not how a relationship starts that matters, it's how it evolves. It's important in the early days of a new relationship to pay attention to how you're feeling.


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[Assistant] Are you comfortable with the pace of intimacy? Do you feel like you have space and room to breathe?


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[Assistant] It's also really important to start practicing using your voice to talk about your own needs. Are your requests respected? A second marker.


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[Assistant] If you ask me, isolation is one of the most frequently missed and misunderstood signs of unhealthy love. Why? Well, because every new relationship starts out with this intense desire to spend time together. It's easy to miss when something shifts.


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[Assistant] Isolation creeps in when your new boyfriend or girlfriend starts pulling you away from your friends and family, your support system, and tethering you more tightly to them.


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[Assistant] They might say things like, why do you hang out with them? They're such losers about your best friends. Or they want us to break up. They're totally against us about your family.


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[Assistant] Isolation is about sowing seeds of doubt about everyone from your pre-relationship life.


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[Assistant] Healthy love includes independence, two people who love spending time together, but who stay connected to the people and activities they cared about before.


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[Assistant] While at first you might spend every waking minute together, over time, maintaining independence is key.


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[Assistant] You do this by making plans with friends and sticking to them, and encouraging your partner to do the same.


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[Assistant] As the honeymoon period begins to fade, extreme jealousy can creep in.


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[Assistant] Your partner might become more demanding, needing to know where you are and who you're with all the time. Or they might start following you everywhere, online and off.


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[Assistant] Extreme jealousy also brings with it possessiveness and mistrust.


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[Assistant] Frequent accusations of flirting with other people or cheating and refusal to listen to you when you tell them they have nothing to worry about and that you only love them.


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[Assistant] Jealousy is a part of any human relationship, but extreme jealousy is different. There's a threatening, desperate and angry edge to it. Love shouldn't feel like this. A fourth marker is belittling.


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[Assistant] In unhealthy love, words are used as weapons. Conversations that used to be fun and lighthearted turn mean and embarrassing. Maybe your partner makes fun of you in a way that hurts.


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[Assistant] Or maybe they tell stories and jokes for laughs at your expense. When you try to explain that your feelings have been hurt, they shut you down and accuse you of overreacting.


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[Assistant] Why are you so sensitive? What's your problem? Give me a break. You're silenced by these words.


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[Assistant] It seems pretty obvious, but your partner should have your back. Their words should build you up, not break you down. They should keep your secrets and be loyal. They should make you feel more confident, not less. Finally, a fifth marker, volatility.


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[Assistant] Frequent breakups and make-ups, high highs and low lows. As tension rises, so does volatility.


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[Assistant] Tearful, frustrated fights followed by emotional make-ups. Hateful and hurtful comments like, you're worthless, I'm not even sure why I'm with you.


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[Assistant] Followed quickly by apologies and promises it will never happen again.


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[Assistant] By this point, you've been so conditioned to this relationship rollercoaster that you may not realize how unhealthy and maybe even dangerous your relationship has become.


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[Assistant] It can be really hard to see when unhealthy love turns towards abuse. But it's fair to say that the more of these markers your relationship might have, the more unhealthy and maybe dangerous your relationship could be.


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[Assistant] And if your instinct is to break up and leave, which is advice so many of us give our friends when they're in unhealthy relationships, that's not always the best advice. Time of breakup can be a real trigger for violence. If you fear you might be headed towards abuse or in abuse, you need to consult with experts to get the advice on how to leave safely.


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[Assistant] But it's not just about romantic relationships and it's not just about violence. Understanding the signs of unhealthy love can help you audit and understand nearly every relationship in your life.


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[Assistant] For the first time, you might understand why you're disappointed in a friendship.


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[Assistant] Or why every interaction with a certain family member leaves you discouraged and anxious.


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[Assistant] You might even begin to see how your own intensity and jealousy is causing problems with colleagues at work. Understanding is the first step to improving.


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[Assistant] And while you can't make every unhealthy relationship healthy, some you're going to have to leave behind, you can do your part every day to do relationships better.


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[Assistant] And here's the exciting news. It's actually not rocket science. Open communication, mutual respect, kindness, patience, we can practice these things every day.


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[Assistant] And what practice will definitely make you better, I have to promise you it's also not going to make you perfect.


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[Assistant] I do this for a living. Every day I think and talk about healthy relationships, and still I do unhealthy things.


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[Assistant] Just the other day as I was trying to shuttle my four kids out the door amidst quarreling, squabbling and complaints about breakfast, I completely lost it.


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[Assistant] My oldest son turned around and looked at me and said, Mom, that's not love.


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[Assistant] But then I gathered myself and I thought, you know what, I'm actually proud.


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[Assistant] I'm proud that he has a language to make me pause.


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[Assistant] I want all of my kids to understand what the bar should be for how they're treated and to have a language and a voice to use when that bar is not met versus just accepting it.


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[Assistant] For too long, we've treated relationships as a soft topic when relationship skills are one of the most important and hard-to-build things in life.


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[Assistant] Not only can understanding unhealthy signs help you avoid the rabbit hole that leads to unhealthy love,


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[Assistant] But understanding and practicing the art of being healthy can improve nearly every aspect of your life.


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[Assistant] I'm completely convinced that while love is an instinct and an emotion, the ability to love better is a skill we can all build and improve on over time. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Hello English learners. Welcome back to English pod. My name is Marco. And I'm Erica.


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[Assistant] And today we have another romantic, uh, lesson. Kind of romantic.


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[Assistant] Okay, so it's a very common situation and we're gonna be talking about love. We're also gonna talk about different pet names that are commonly used in English.


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[Assistant] Okay, very good. So, let's listen to this dialogue for the first time and see what's happening with our couple.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, I think she really needed to hear that shh. Right, so I think she really wanted to hear, I love you.


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[Assistant] Okay, on Fluency Builder today, we are going to take a look at some of these phrases. And the first one is very important and very different.


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[Assistant] Okay, so, he said, I am in love with you.


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[Assistant] To be in love with someone means that you have these strong romantic feelings towards somebody.


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[Assistant] So you can love your parents, you can love your family, but you can't be in love with them. You can only be in love with your girlfriend, boyfriend, husband, wife.


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[Assistant] Can we talk? Can we talk? This is a very simple sentence.


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[Assistant] Okay, so, if you wanted to talk to me about my new shirt,


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[Assistant] It has to be serious. So usually, if somebody says, hey, can we talk? It means that there's gonna be a serious topic.


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[Assistant] So, can we talk? So if your boyfriend or girlfriend tells you this, well, it's not a good sign.


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[Assistant] Alright, and the last phrase we have on Fluency Builder. You know what I mean. You know what I mean.


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[Assistant] Alright, so, again, this phrase is very simple to understand, right?


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[Assistant] But the interesting thing is that we can also make it a question.


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[Assistant] Okay, so with this in mind, let's listen to two examples of the same phrase, but with different tones, and you try to see which one is the question.


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[Assistant] Alright, so we heard the examples and, well maybe you guessed it right, the second example was the question.


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[Assistant] Right. So basically you're asking the person if they understand your idea or they understand what you're talking about. So maybe you can say, so the professor wasn't very clear on his instructions, so how was I supposed to do the homework? You know what I mean?


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[Assistant] Right, so I perfectly understand or know the reasons why you don't like going to my mom's house.


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[Assistant] So you know what I mean. Great. So we've taken a look at these four phrases. They're very simple, but the way that you use them gives them different meanings. That's right. All right. So let's listen to our dialogue for the second time. Let's slow it down a little bit and then we'll come back and look at some more phrases.


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[Assistant] Okay, so now it's time for us to take a look at some more phrases, but this time we're going to look at them in putting it together.


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[Assistant] So, she wants to know what's going to happen or what-


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[Assistant] So why don't we listen to some examples with different nouns and how we can use this phrase.


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[Assistant] Okay, so, this phrase isn't complete yet. We need to finish it.


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[Assistant] Alright, or I can say, maybe it's time we have a baby.


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[Assistant] So this is how we can finish this phrase. And what about our last phrase?


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[Assistant] Right? So that means we've had our good moments and our bad moments.


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[Assistant] Okay, so that means we've had some problems, we've had some difficulties.


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[Assistant] So that means we've had our special times, special occasions that we will always remember.


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[Assistant] Okay, so it's time for us to listen to our dialogue for the last time. Now we're ready to understand everything. And then we'll come back and give you some examples of pet names in English.


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[Assistant] Alright, so pet names aren't names for your dogs or your cats, right?


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[Assistant] Right? But we also have other ones like sweetheart.


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[Assistant] So some of these phrases can be a little bit like cheesy, maybe like...


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[Assistant] And some, some of them will, will make some up, right? Maybe they'll call their, their boyfriend, uhm, Pooh Bear.


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[Assistant] I know that in Spanish, we sometimes call the, we can sometimes call our girlfriend


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[Assistant] Yeah, so some of them, if you translate, you wouldn't really use in English, but let us know. Translate from your language or other ones that you've heard maybe in movies or talk shows and come to our website, EnglishPod.com.


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[Assistant] However, this isn't a real photograph, but a computer graphic rendering, an artistic interpretation of what a black hole might look like.


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[Assistant] A hundred years ago, Albert Einstein first published his theory of general relativity.


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[Assistant] In the years since then, scientists have provided a lot of evidence in support of it. But one thing predicted from this theory? Black holes still have not been directly observed.


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[Assistant] Getting this first picture will come down to an international team of scientists, an earth-sized telescope, and an algorithm that puts together the final picture. Although I won't be able to show you a real picture of a black hole today, I'd like to give you a brief glimpse into the effort involved in getting that first picture.


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[Assistant] So my name is Katie Bauman and I'm a PhD student at MIT. I do research in a computer science lab that works on making computer see through images and video. But although I'm not an astronomer,


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[Assistant] Today I'd like to show you how I've been able to contribute to this exciting project. So if you go out past the bright city lights tonight, you may just be lucky enough to see a stunning view of the Milky Way galaxy. And if we could zoom past millions of stars, 26,000 light years towards the heart of the spiraling Milky Way, we'd eventually reach a cluster of stars right at the center.


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[Assistant] Peering past all the galactic dust with infrared telescopes, astronomers have watched these stars for over 16 years. But it is what they don't see that is the most spectacular. These stars seem to orbit an invisible object.


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[Assistant] In other words, the black hole casts a shadow on this backdrop of bright material, carving out a sphere of darkness.


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[Assistant] Due to a phenomenon called diffraction, there are fundamental limits to the smallest objects that we can possibly see.


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[Assistant] Although this picture wouldn't contain all the detail that we get to see in computer graphic renderings, it would allow us to safely get our first glimpse of the immediate environment around a black hole.


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[Assistant] But in the famous words of Mick Jagger, you can't always get what you want. But if you try sometimes, you might just find that you get what you need.


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[Assistant] And by connecting telescopes from around the world, an international collaboration called the Event Horizon Telescope is creating a computational telescope the size of the Earth capable of resolving structure on the scale of a black hole's event horizon. This network of telescopes is scheduled to take its very first picture of a black hole just next year.


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[Assistant] Each telescope in the worldwide network works together. Linked through the precise timing of atomic clocks, teams of researchers at each of the sites freeze light by collecting thousands of terabytes of data.


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[Assistant] We could still try to combine this information together, but now there are a lot of holes.


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[Assistant] This is an incredibly small number of measurements to make a picture from.


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[Assistant] The imaging algorithms we develop fill in the missing gaps of the disco ball in order to reconstruct the underlying black hole image. If we had telescopes located everywhere on the globe, in other words the entire disco ball, this would be trivial.


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[Assistant] Using these algorithms, we're able to pick- piece together pictures from this sparse noisy data.


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[Assistant] So here I show a sample reconstruction done using simulated data where we pretend to point our telescopes to the black hole in the center of our galaxy.


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[Assistant] We do this by ranking the images based upon how likely they are to be the black hole image and then choosing the one that's most likely. So what do I mean by this exactly?


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[Assistant] We'd probably want the model to say that it's pretty unlikely someone would post this noise image on the left, and it's pretty likely that someone would post a selfie like this one on the right.


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[Assistant] We've never seen a black hole before. In that case, what is a likely black hole image, and what should we assume about the structure of black holes? We could try to use images from simulations we've done, like the image of the black hole from Interstellar, but if we did this, it could cause some serious problems. What would happen if Einstein's theories didn't hold?


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[Assistant] Different types of images have very distinctive sets of puzzle pieces.


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[Assistant] Another thing we can do is take the same set of puzzle pieces, such as the ones derived from everyday images, and use it to reconstruct many different kinds of source images.


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[Assistant] So in our simulations, we pretend the black hole looks like astronomical non-black hole objects, as well as everyday images like the elephant in the center of our galaxy.


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[Assistant] But big projects like the Event Horizon Telescope are successful due to all the interdisciplinary expertise different people bring to the table. We're a melting pot of astronomers, physicists, mathematicians and engineers, and this is what will make it soon possible to achieve something once thought impossible.


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[Assistant] And so I'd like to encourage all of you to go out and help push the boundaries of science, even if it may at first seem as mysterious to you as a black hole. Thank you.


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[Assistant] That's right, and Anglo people, English people, all they ever do is talk about the weather.


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[Assistant] Okay, so we have two words we're gonna hear in the dialogue. Now the first one is forecast.


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[Assistant] No, of course you can use it in many other different situations, like in business for example, forecast sales.


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[Assistant] So when it, when it rains for a short time and it's not too heavy, that's a shower.


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[Assistant] No, it certainly doesn't. I don't think that I'd really like to live there.


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[Assistant] Alright, here we're gonna look at some words and phrases that you can use to describe the weather. Now, the first one, we heard in the weather forecast that they were calling for scattered showers.


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[Assistant] It's sort of like, uhm, it's a little bit of that thing everywhere.


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[Assistant] Right, so showers, a small bit of, a small amount of rain.


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[Assistant] So if we think that the city is a playground, uhm, maybe in one part of the city there's a little bit of rain, but not in the other parts.


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[Assistant] Yes. So if you think of hovering as floating.


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[Assistant] Okay, so pretty clear. Hovering is sort of floating around one area.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's break this one down. Uhm, let's start with downpour.


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[Assistant] And you hear this a lot with weather language. You hear isolated showers, isolated snowstorms.


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[Assistant] Alright, so along with the, these showers and rain, we also talked about wind and we heard that we will have gusts reaching 23 miles per hour.


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[Assistant] Alright, sleet is a terrible kind of weather. It's sort of a mixture between snow and rain.


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[Assistant] Alright, in Fluency Builder today, we're gonna look at three phrases that are really common when you're talking about the weather. Now, we heard in the dialogue that there was a cold front moving in.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and it, and it comes towards a place and then it changes the pressure in the atmosphere.


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[Assistant] So we always think of these cold fronts or warm fronts as moving. So you can either say they're moving in or you can say a cold front is coming in.


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[Assistant] You're talking about its origin, where it starts.


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[Assistant] Or you can also say the kids are coming in from outside.


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[Assistant] Great, now our final phrase, we heard the announcer say, it's gonna be a cold one.


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[Assistant] Okay, so the one represents the event, so the day, right?


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[Assistant] Now, we can obviously change the adjective, right? So it's gonna be a hot one, it's gonna be a long one, it's gonna be a long day.


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[Assistant] A project, so for example, if we're going to a meeting, I might say, hey Marco, this is going to be a hard one.


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[Assistant] Yep, and we actually have a phrase in this dialogue that'd be great for starting a conversation. Like for example, imagine if you lived here in Utah and you were, you know, wanting to start a conversation with someone, you could say, it sure is a cold one today, isn't it?


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[Assistant] That's right, so guys, if you have any questions about weather vocabulary or if you want to practice talking about the weather, come to our website at EnglishPod.com.


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[Assistant] Some kids eat eggs for breakfast.


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[Assistant] Some kids eat toast for breakfast.


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[Assistant] Oh dear. Can you fix it? Let's have a look. Hmm, that's very broken.


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[Assistant] Well done, Pepper. I'll glue those bits together.


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[Assistant] Oh, it's a wooden bridge. Brown must have missed it.


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[Assistant] You're the engine, Daddy Pig. You have to peddle.


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[Assistant] Certainly, I have canoes, sailing boats or pedalos.


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[Assistant] So as not to be noticed by my photographic subject and peek through the finder.


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[Assistant] When he gets up on stage to sing one of his out of tune solos,


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[Assistant] I get so nervous for him that I get sweaty palms.


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[Assistant] It's just if we have it every day, we're bound to get fed up with it. I must increase the variety of my cooking.


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[Assistant] So please use its file format when you send me the attachment.


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[Assistant] He would have been able to enter a good university easily if he had tried, but he entered a vocational school instead.


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[Assistant] The best way to know what a country is like is to go and see it with your own eyes.


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[Assistant] If you want to do eye grabbing work, you have to put out something punchy at the outset. Say what you mean directly.


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[Assistant] The statistical data presented in her paper is of great use for us in estimating the frequency of the movement.


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[Assistant] I was going to hand in my application form to the boss today, but he beat me to the punch.


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[Assistant] But to stretch it a little, you could say music appreciation is my hobby.


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[Assistant] I haven't heard anyone call him a late bloomer in a while, but I do wonder when he's going to grow up.


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[Assistant] I hope you're not trying to tell me you're not going to pay the money back.


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[Assistant] So if you're ever in dire straits, just let me know and I'll come running.


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[Assistant] I wonder if they don't have meetings anymore where strong words fly and everyone goes at each other tooth and nail.


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[Assistant] And even outside these nations, English is perhaps more widely used as a medium of international communication than any other language.


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[Assistant] Our teacher showed us different kinds of flowers and told us in passing that those flowers came from her garden.


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[Assistant] These children are born not of natural descent, nor the human decision or a husband's will, but born of God.


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[Assistant] So they reported it to the police, and the area was taped off to keep people out.


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[Assistant] You must put up with your new post for the present. I'll find you a better place one of these days.


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[Assistant] I haven't read both his novels, but judging from the one I have read, he seems to be a promising writer.


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[Assistant] The crowd may be on the side of Luciano, but the champ has got the skill to win, and that's what matters.


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[Assistant] The only useful knowledge is that which teaches us how to seek what is good and avoid what is evil.


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[Assistant] In the early part of my study, I allude to work that had already been done on the psychology of crowd control.


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[Assistant] When the flight crew has their aircraft under control, everything is working normally, and yet it still crashes into the ground. That's CFIT.


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[Assistant] She has been on a diet for the past two months because she put on too much weight during the winter.


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[Assistant] Even the tiresome work of adding and subtracting figures is interesting in its way.


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[Assistant] This skull and crossbones was named based on the world famous Captain Kidd, who was active in the late 17th century Britain.


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[Assistant] I don't expect him to understand my innermost thoughts, but I wonder what I can do to get him to hold an interest.


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[Assistant] But whoever does not believe, stands condemned already.


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[Assistant] Because he has not believed in the name of God's only Son.


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[Assistant] You kept putting off working on the fine details of this project. So it ended up lacking the finishing touches.


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[Assistant] I found the city different from what it had been ten years ago.


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[Assistant] Jack once gave a helping hand to Robert, who was in trouble.


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[Assistant] And now Robert, in turn, is of great help to Jack.


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[Assistant] The current imbalance between supply and demand.


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[Assistant] is considered to reflect structural changes on the demand side, rather than being a cyclical phenomenon.


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[Assistant] Not wanting to boast, but I've never gotten better than a 3 on my report card for home economics. Out of 10, that is.


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[Assistant] When a fire destroyed their archive of computer hard drives and optical disks.


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[Assistant] This is to confirm the appointment we made to meet at your office at 10am on Monday, February 27th.


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[Assistant] If you are a member of a primitive community and you wish to produce, say, food, there are two things that you must do.


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[Assistant] Let us students contribute to the welfare of the victims of the earthquake. Even loose change will go a long way.


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[Assistant] Off balance, he regained his posture to see a metal mesh rubbish bin flying towards him.


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[Assistant] The doctors say the dying man should have kicked the bucket hours ago. Were he an ordinary man? But he is still defying death.


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[Assistant] The economic strength of a country lies not alone in its ability to produce, but also in its capacity to consume.


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[Assistant] The cost of living has risen so quickly that it is almost impossible for us to make both ends meet.


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[Assistant] This airport doesn't have as many flights as Incheon Airport.


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[Assistant] And even looking from the observation deck at first, there were no planes.


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[Assistant] However, if you're going to read people's blogs in order to write an interesting blog, you can do that right away.


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[Assistant] Let us students contribute to the welfare of the victims of the earthquake. Even pin money will go a long way.


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[Assistant] I'd almost forgotten, but we've still got the problem of the club members, haven't we?


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[Assistant] is a nation's total output of goods and services during a given period of time as measured in monetary value.


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[Assistant] After being out in the wind and rain for years and years.


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[Assistant] The walls of this apartment building are weather beaten and brittle.


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[Assistant] I gave an answer that was way out in left field when the teacher caught me off guard and called on me.


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[Assistant] But no difference is seen in their internal morphology, so it seems that they are considered the same.


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[Assistant] Still, others simply travel around America in recreational vehicles.


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[Assistant] Seeing parts of the country they had been too busy to see before.


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[Assistant] When she saw the length he'd gone to get all dressed up, she couldn't help letting a brief chuckle escape.


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[Assistant] What with this and that, I haven't been able to sing. So today I sang like there's no tomorrow.


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[Assistant] Last night, John was completely drunk and she was walking along the lake and then she fell in the water.


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[Assistant] Why would you want to cherish a piece of junk like that? But this little beauty means the world to me.


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[Assistant] You're probably going to think this is a joke, but I was a punk rocker when I was a kid.


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[Assistant] The words Dr. Hawking was choosing this morning will be printed out and sent to the publisher of his book.


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[Assistant] You have our permission to include our software on condition that you send us a copy of the final product.


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[Assistant] There are often discussions that include the teacher as another member of the group.


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[Assistant] Stop trying to make us follow all these subtle cues.


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[Assistant] I wish you would say what you want to say more clearly.


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[Assistant] Just one part of what he said got picked up by the media and took on a life of its own.


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[Assistant] It's not as if an emissary from outer space will have slipped into school uniform and be loitering around seeking a partner.


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[Assistant] Though this is a bulky book with over 1,000 pages. I will have read it all by this time next week.


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[Assistant] She looked at her flight of cranes hanging from the ceiling, which her brother James had hung there for her.


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[Assistant] And a host of other areas which do not involve production of goods.


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[Assistant] Extra special treatment is imperative to get the vessel through government-read tape so that she can leave port on time.


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[Assistant] But when it rains cats and dogs, an umbrella is of little help.


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[Assistant] You could tell by the ear-to-ear grin that came to his face that he really had something to smile about.


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[Assistant] Among married couples, there has been an increase in divorce and separation.


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[Assistant] With the result that there are many more one-parent families.


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[Assistant] Let's have a drink or two and talk about the good old days.


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[Assistant] Attention is focused on the potential for growth of the personal and industrial use garbage compactor market in relations to trends in law.


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[Assistant] The trouble is that people do not want hard enough to not have an accident.


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[Assistant] I suppose that what we mean by beauty is that object, spiritual or material, more often material, which satisfies our aesthetic sense.


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[Assistant] That person has had an odd grin on his face for awhile. What do you suppose is behind it?


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[Assistant] He or she cannot be called a good person unless he or she has a sound mind.


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[Assistant] When the school had no books or paper or pencils, she wrote the alphabet on the ground with a stick.


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[Assistant] I put my foot in my mouth by asking Paul how she was.


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[Assistant] Many bathhouses added new facilities such as saunas and exercise equipment in an effort to attract customers.


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[Assistant] Therefore, I'm giving up for now. I'll still try to check out other possibilities, but I think hopes are slim.


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[Assistant] We're sitting at the top of a broad flight of stairs.


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[Assistant] He needs to do something with the line here at the back of the leg.


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[Assistant] I am a little bit afraid that he will not prepare anything.


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[Assistant] Because I have not seen a presentation of his with presentation material.


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[Assistant] It is foolish of you to build a castle in the air while forgetting to drive in pilings for its foundation.


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[Assistant] She handed me the basket and I suggested I wait until I got home to open it, in case anyone was watching.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I'd tell Tony I'm going back to cutting the grass myself again next year. Except for one thing.


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[Assistant] So a bear's chance of catching one at a breathing hole is greater after nightfall.


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[Assistant] No sooner had we finished working on one tough problem.


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[Assistant] Then the president sent us yet another straight from the top.


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[Assistant] But I wonder if he understands how hard it's going to be to actually carry out.


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[Assistant] If it hadn't been for Lindbergh's luck and his knowledge of flying, he could never have succeeded in crossing the Atlantic.


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[Assistant] Incidentally, that the gills of fish are bright red is because there are many capillary vessels collected there. The same is for lungs.


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[Assistant] His utter failure at the last Peace Conference has taught him to arm himself to the teeth with new tricks and tactics.


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[Assistant] I'd like to say a word of thanks to all those gentlemen and ladies whose care I have been in.


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[Assistant] If you are having temporary financial problems and it is the cause of your outstanding account, let us know about it.


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[Assistant] His untimely statement has not only let the cat out of the bag,


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[Assistant] But also upset the apple cart for the peace move.


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[Assistant] The fact becomes self-evident if you take a look at the relation between this theme and those leading research on it.


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[Assistant] So he hasn't been able to see any of his friends who work normal hours.


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[Assistant] But this did not stop him from using his mind and presenting his ideas at physics meetings around the world.


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[Assistant] So he made believe that he was sick and didn't go to school.


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[Assistant] In the U.S., it is common to give a present, such as glasses or a coffee maker, to the bride at weddings.


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[Assistant] Perception is based, to a very large extent, on conceptual models, which are always inadequate, often incomplete, and sometimes profoundly wrong.


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[Assistant] Working healthy people contribute to the reduction of medical expenses.


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[Assistant] The rise of the eligible age for benefits and the curtailment of their costs.


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[Assistant] The parties involved themselves or their attendants should look over the place for the MEI meeting in advance.


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[Assistant] Since her parents were busy at work all the time, she spent a lot of her time at her friend's house.


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[Assistant] I just got a great job because of an introduction from a friend. Sometimes things happen when you least expect it.


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[Assistant] However, as living standards gradually came to rise,


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[Assistant] More and more people began to have their own bathrooms at home.


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[Assistant] I would learn much later, when studying the philosophy of science.


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[Assistant] Had to arise from a real dissatisfaction with existing knowledge.


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[Assistant] This is the first time I've worked as a coordinator, so I may not have the hang of it yet.


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[Assistant] In Japan, you have the option when you enter a restaurant.


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[Assistant] To sit in the smoking or non-smoking section.


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[Assistant] Wood is a disappearing resource in much of Africa.


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[Assistant] And these stoves burn far less wood than the stoves currently in much use.


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[Assistant] Pet loss refers to the reactions of shock and anger that occurs in owners who have been bereaved of their pets.


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[Assistant] That is to say, a language is something that we learn and are taught, not something that we know by instinct.


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[Assistant] Time after time, I've invited them to come over and visit us. But time and time again, they never come.


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[Assistant] The dining hall is directly adjacent to the lobby.


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[Assistant] Or rather, from where you are, it's just three steps away.


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[Assistant] It was believed that the success of their crops depended on the way the players threw or kicked the ball during the game.


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[Assistant] The anxiety that comes from doing nothing is worse than any danger you might face.


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[Assistant] You'll never be able to lead if you don't set an example worth following.


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[Assistant] Although it is not a bad thing in itself, in a lot of cases, many people are watching too much television.


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[Assistant] I always buy the English language books I come across at bookstores, but since I never read them, all they do is pile up.


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[Assistant] If your license exceeds its validity period, then you can be issued a new license in the following way.


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[Assistant] Deal with some of the many problems which face young people.


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[Assistant] The three organizations are the International Monetary Fund,


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[Assistant] The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.


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[Assistant] A mail bag from a single sender addressed to one recipient, as the name suggests, is for delivering a bag of printed matter.


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[Assistant] There was, however, a need for food to be carried from the bowl to the mouth and chopsticks came along to meet that need.


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[Assistant] So I have to go and exchange some yen for dollars at the bank.


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[Assistant] I think that if we do that, we're making a big, big mistake.


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[Assistant] The command of communication skills in multiple languages is essential to any company providing goods and services on the world market.


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[Assistant] The spider fixes lines of silk across it, just like the spokes of a bicycle wheel.


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[Assistant] Of course you'll catch a cold if you fall asleep under the kotatsu. You have to learn to take care of yourself.


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[Assistant] To persuade somebody that your recommendation is reasonable and wise,


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[Assistant] You have to give reasons and quote known examples and authorities.


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[Assistant] Men have gathered information and have attempted to pass useful ideas to other men.


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[Assistant] In Olympic competitions, a gold medal is for first place, a silver medal for second, and a bronze medal is for third place.


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[Assistant] What I most noticed about my Canadian high school, however...


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[Assistant] Was the great respect shown by students toward their teachers.


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[Assistant] A man who angers easily should learn to count to ten.


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[Assistant] It calms trouble like pouring oil on troubled waters.


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[Assistant] But she had not expected to cross an ocean, enter a new and romantic sounding country, and find herself in exactly the same position.


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[Assistant] Dreams flew out of that box when it was opened. Dreams of secrets written in disappearing ink and of overwhelming odors.


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[Assistant] Several years ago, in the course of being interviewed for a job, I was introduced to a competitor for the position.


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[Assistant] Got more customers and did the job quicker and sloppier, he could make more money.


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[Assistant] When you start taking medicine, it begins working on symptoms, like pain, right away.


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[Assistant] But that doesn't mean that the ulcer heals right away.


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[Assistant] The greatest cause of stress for men is work, while for women, human relationships come at the top of the list.


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[Assistant] A European court has upheld the right of television viewers in the European Union to watch important sporting events such as the World Cup without having to pay.


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[Assistant] Football's world governing body, FIFA, and the European body, UEFA, want to broadcast World Cup and European Championship matches on pay TV.


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[Assistant] But the court ruled that these games are of national importance. It said wide public access to events deemed to be of major significance to society should be insured.


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[Assistant] An opposition activist in Belarus has been sentenced to four years in prison for taking part in a large protest in December against the disputed re-election of President Alexander Lukashenko.


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[Assistant] Vasily Parfenkov, who campaigned for an opposition candidate, had been charged with participating in mass disorder. He's the first of 30 opposition figures to be tried.


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[Assistant] Do you have a good relationship with your colleagues?


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[Assistant] Hi John, what lessons will you take this semester?


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[Assistant] Hi John, what lessons will you take this semester?


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[Assistant] Hi John, what lessons will you take this semester?


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[Assistant] Which do you like better, red wine or white wine?


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[Assistant] Which do you like better, red wine or white wine?


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[Assistant] Which do you like better, red wine or white wine?


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[Assistant] Would you be so kind as to lend me some money? No problem, how much?


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[Assistant] Would you be so kind as to lend me some money? No problem, how much?


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[Assistant] Would you be so kind as to lend me some money?


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[Assistant] Which do you prefer, fishing or mountain climbing?


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[Assistant] Which do you prefer, fishing or mountain climbing?


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[Assistant] Which do you prefer, fishing or mountain climbing?


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[Assistant] He was absent yesterday. Do you know why?


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[Assistant] He was absent yesterday. Do you know why?


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[Assistant] He was absent yesterday. Do you know why?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, where is number five street?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, where is number five street?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, where is number five street?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, madam. Could you tell me where the post office is?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, madam. Could you tell me where the post office is?


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[Assistant] Excuse me, madam. Could you tell me where the post office is?


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[Assistant] Our teacher speaks French as well as English.


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[Assistant] Our teacher speaks French as well as English.


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[Assistant] Circus Pepper? There's no circus here.


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[Assistant] This is for Granny Pig's garden party.


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[Assistant] It's where grown-ups stand around talking.


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[Assistant] You can be the ringmaster, Peppa. You've got the hat for it.


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[Assistant] You say, welcome to my suckers. See the impossible.


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[Assistant] Black and white have been helping me colour my collection of cool things. Now I have light blue things, bright blue things, and dark blue things. But they're all muddled up.


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[Assistant] Light blue. Bright blue. Dark blue. Let's get sorting!


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[Assistant] Huh, we've sorted everything into three types of blue.


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[Assistant] What little frog? More dark green? No, this is another green. A lighter paler green. A light green. You saw who did this?


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[Assistant] Yeah, well, that was some good advice.


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[Assistant] Okay, so first of all, uh, why don't we start with vocabulary preview? Cause I think we need to know this word, plumber. Vocabulary preview.


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[Assistant] Yep, and a plumber is the person who fixes, uhm, everything in your house that is related to water, right?


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[Assistant] Yep, and those are, uhm, a tube that carries water in and out of your house.


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[Assistant] Alright, well it sounds like she's having some big problems with her plumbing, but actually I'm really interested that the plumber makes so much money.


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[Assistant] So we have five words here, all to do with a plumber and water pipes. Now the first word, they talked about that there was water leaking everywhere.


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[Assistant] When something leaks, it lets liquid come out when it shouldn't.


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[Assistant] Alright, and so there was water everywhere, it was leaking, and maybe the reason was because the toilet is clogged.


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[Assistant] Well a blockage is something that stops water from flowing.


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[Assistant] Alright, so the faucet is the part of the sink that lets water come out.


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[Assistant] Well we've got three phrases that you can use when you need to describe, uhm, something not working with the pipes. So let's look at them now in Fluency Builder. Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] So when something is falling apart, it's old and it's breaking slowly.


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[Assistant] So it goes away. Alright, so flushing something down the toilet. Well, she also talked about the faucet, uhm, and it wasn't shutting off properly.


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[Assistant] When you shut something off, you turn it off.


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[Assistant] Right, so, hey Marco, can you shut off the computer?


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[Assistant] That's right, like, uh, for example, in Canada, uhm, uh, there is a shortage, there's not enough, uh, of these people like plumbers, uhm, who can do this type of work so they can charge a lot of money.


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[Assistant] Yeah, but the funny thing is, now if you're a plumber, uhm, and you, you get your first job as a, as a, you know, young person, uhm, you can make so much more money than a person with a history degree, for example.


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[Assistant] So visit us on our website, EnglishPod.com and tell us all about that. And remember, if you have any questions about the lesson, you can ask them there as well.


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[Assistant] Yes sir? What can I do for you? I've been sitting here for the past 20 minutes and no one has offered me a glass of water, brought any bread to the table, and our appetizer haven't been served yet. You know, in this kind of establishment, I'd expect much better service.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Take this foie gras back as well. It's rubbery and completely overcooked. And look at the portion size! How can you charge $25 for a sliver of duck liver?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Take this foie gras back as well. It's rubbery and completely overcooked. And look at that portion size! How can you charge $25 for a sliver of duck liver?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we've got some golf vocabulary for you in this lesson. Um, and I think we, we better actually look at a few vocabulary words in vocabulary preview before we start with the dialogue.


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[Assistant] No, but we're gonna use it when we explain some of these words, so you need to know it.


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[Assistant] Okay, so a golf club is the tool you use to hit the golf ball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so the announcers were talking about the game, and they, and they, they're talking about the course, and they, and they're here on the eighth hole, and they said that last time, Jack Nicklaus hit a hole in one.


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[Assistant] So this is when you hit the ball once and the ball goes in the hole.


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[Assistant] Yes, it's the person who carries your golf clubs.


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[Assistant] Yeah, he tells you which way you should hit the ball and maybe, you know, gives you a nice cold drink and...


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[Assistant] Okay, so the next thing they were talking about were some different types of scores that you could get on a whole. And the first one they mentioned was par.


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[Assistant] Right, so it's like, it's like the, the, right, so when the, the, when the, when a hole is par four, you should only hit the ball four times.


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[Assistant] Why don't we listen to the dialogue one more time to help us understand?


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[Assistant] Okay, well, one of the phrases I want to talk about is something that Bob Copeland said. He said, as you can see, ladies and gentlemen, we're here at beautiful Pebble Beach.


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[Assistant] As you can see here, the damage to the building is very serious.


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[Assistant] Alright, so when it's not your day, uhm, you're having a bad time or a bad day.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, so for example, today, uhm, I had a headache and I ripped my pants and I spilled coffee on myself, so it really wasn't my day.


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[Assistant] Now, the last phrase, similar to it's not your day, we also heard that Tiger was having a hard time.


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[Assistant] Of course, you can talk about anything like this. So, I'm having a hard time understanding what this word means.


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[Assistant] Alright, so Marco, I know that in uhm, the Western business world, golf is actually super important for your career, isn't it?


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[Assistant] So maybe you negotiate a deal out on the golf course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aha, okay. Well actually I know that it is so important for people who are wanting to do well in business and many people who don't speak English as their first language take golf English lessons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like how to talk about golf, how to, uhm, you know, talk to other people and make deals while you're on the golf course.


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[Assistant] That's right. So if you have any questions or comments about today's lesson, why don't you visit our website at EnglishPod.com.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A court in Rwanda has sentenced two journalists to long prison sentences after finding them guilty of disrupting state security and propagating ethnic divisions. Newspaper editor Agnes Uemana was sentenced to 17 years in jail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her colleague Saeedath Mukarkibibi was ordered to serve seven years. The judge said the two women wrote an article last year which claimed that Rwandans were unhappy with the government of Paul Kagame for president. News item 56.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The government of Brazil is to provide free medicine for everyone suffering from diabetes and high blood pressure.


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[Assistant] President Dilma Rousseff said the measure was part of her campaign to end extreme poverty. The health ministry says around 33 million Brazilians have high blood pressure and more than 7 million have diabetes.


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[Assistant] We were worried that we were going to get laid off, but our fears proved to be untrue.


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[Assistant] So today we're not only going to be looking at vocabulary used to explain why you are late, but also some typical excuses of why people are late.


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[Assistant] So, Joe called the office assistant and explained that she will be late because she got tied up with a client.


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[Assistant] Alright, now, the first person that arrived to the office will explain that there was a huge traffic jam on the highway.


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[Assistant] Alright, so many cars got into an accident.


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[Assistant] So this could be a reason of why there was a traffic jam.


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[Assistant] Very good. Five great words and well, I think it's time for us to listen to this dialogue and understand these words as they were used in the dialogue and then we'll come back and take a look at more phrases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A sec. Now it's an exaggeration obviously because you won't be there in, in one second, but you're just explaining that you'll be there very, very soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, if you say I'll be there in a sec, it means like I'll be there in one minute, right? But if you say, oh, I'll be there in a minute, it could be a minute or more like three or four or five minutes. Yeaah, I think that's true. Now again, going back to this traffic issue, we saw that somebody was stuck in traffic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now if I say the traffic is backed up for miles, it means that it's very long, or how, how does that work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, yeaah. Yeah, usually you'll be there only a couple of minutes, uh, after the time that was specified just to, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also I think it's about uhm, when people start work, right? How on time you have to begin work. Sometimes it's acceptable to be 10 or 15 minutes so called late, but in other places, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, see that in, in, in other countries, people get there at 9, get their coffee, maybe take a quick glance at their emails or the newspaper and then, you know, start working at around 9.30 or 10.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At least four people have died in the latest violence in the central Nigerian city of Joss. Churches, mosques and petrol stations were set on fire. Soldiers shot at students following protests which erupted on Friday about the stabbing of three classmates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Witnesses said they saw market stores and houses being set alight as rioting spread. News item 64.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Researchers in the United States said they're trying to use genes from ancient varieties of staple foods such as rice, maize and corn to develop hardier and more disease resistant crops in the future.