[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really classic. Leave me alone. Just let me push 24-7 and eventually Khan is strong enough to walk into a team fight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Janna again, good for laning phase, but very bad if you camp the lane. There's a Rakan to engage, there's an Olaf to gank early. I wonder if we get a Galio here, because there is so many ways for him to reach the backline, and they can just protect Illaoi when she smacks in with the ulti. Let's see what he ends up locking in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, he does not want to play Galio against Malzahar specifically here, he thinks about the matchup and instead, one of the things teams used to do against Malzahar when he was picked all the time was very long range poke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And not actually risk going down. So Kingston have not been able to utilize the Zyra Khan yet. That being said, they do both scale very well. And there's gonna be a lot of big team fights where the Womble Combo from Kingston with all the AoE damage can always turn everything around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's so fun for Khan now to play Lowry, because once you get some levels, you start getting to a point where you just spam your slam onto them for the pocket. Let's see what happens here. No, it's just Peanut running away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On his side here, let me, we'll kill the wave. He's so low and there are so many tentacles around. If Khan gets onto him, slams down, the tentacle will hit right after as well and there's just so much extra damage coming from this Illaoi. So two solo laners on the long.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's honestly just lazy here by Khan, not even paying attention to the rest of the map. His mid laner was running from base, his duo laner was not in their lane. You can't be pushing to the enemy turret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If he had ult, it would make a lot of sense that they're trying to chase down BDD, but in the end, they lose a bunch of summoners. Khan, despite dying, did actually not use anything, so King's zone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we keep seeing new picks as well, like this draft you can see on the side of Kingzone to the right. Like these are five new champions compared to what they played in the previous game. They're like, we need early game jungler, that's an Olaf in here. We have Zyra Khan so we can force plays around bottom side. And that Vel'Koz shows up because Malzahar was blind picked by Xahu and it's an LCK special.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the one downside is of course, your team fighting is a little bit reaper. It disregard your comp. Normally you see things like Death Stance, a GA come in after, a Black Fever. It is gonna be delayed in this game. Same thing with BDD with his own build. Just use his banner now on the top side. So yea, it is about side lane control against a 5 on 5 draft.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and I think there's a very good chance that if RNG lose that fight and the Baron, that they will simply fall too far behind. They don't have great wave play in that composition. And if Kingzone as Jett Highlighter gets all the QSS's they need, suddenly they can eliminate a lot of threats.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is how you want to set it up if you want to go to a game five. Kingzone sit around the Baron. They started knowing they can team fight. Letme does not manage to cancel any recalls and I just can't wait for this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bdd is the only carry without a QSS, but he's sitting behind his team, he's staying far away, so Karsa can't get to him easily.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you run at Kingzone, in the middle of it, you die. This was Xiaohu from the side having to pick a target with QSS just to start a fight, but everyone they stayed away from the center of Kingzone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ideally for RNG, you're defending that top lane inhib turret and it's actually, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if we get a situation where Kingsong picks up another Baron.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This man, he deserves it. Kaze ended up playing all the games in the final and what a performance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I mean, ban it or trying to lead up to maybe Xiaohu steals it away. Maybe RNG take the Aurelia and try and have it, have it in their hands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, you guys were thrown off just by the order. No big deal here though. Everything on the other side. We were thrown off like you weren't excited as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's definitely a very big change because it's a huge part of RNG's teamfighting, the wide-sweeping ultimate, catching people out and adding so much more presence to the 5v5s. We want to let MiSmos play champions, not gonna be available so they'll have to step up somewhere else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Damage onto the turret, slowly wear it down and start their game there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that one's taken away. They still have things, you know, like Shen that we have possibly seen at the tournament, but it becomes a bit more difficult, uh, to execute once you get to those five on fives. It could, you know, lend some more green units down to the bottom side though and Uzi and try and try and buff them up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they're able to get their lane, uh, compatriot as well. Tahm Kench once again picked up. Let's try and help out Varus towards the later stages of the game. You can just devour him right out of a Skarner ultimate and keep him safe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they've got the ranged matchup into the Varus top edge lane, so they're gonna try and punish that with globals, but Khan


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll see though. Is there going to be extra pressure brought?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm wondering if Xiaohu is gonna take the Spellbook Vladimir, which has been very popular, or the Predator Vladimir, another option which allows him to keep that Ignite for laters for when he does get in as well, because there's so many sources of mobility for Vladimir nowadays with the changes to Shurelya's Reverie, it's a very low cooldown, and that is a very popular item.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it makes me think they, they would do it, but it looks like- Could also just be for defenses. Yeah, with Prey moving over as well, he's gonna land some extra damage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, he's going to be the one looking for those flanks, looking for the pockets of Fog of War to work with. Down bottom though, we had Peanut walking through the river. He's going to take a look at...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And because Karthus starts blue side, went down to red, uh, and then would have to traverse all the way back up. Not enough time or health, so he just stops off at the scuttle crab to get the free health back and then returns to clearing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's take a look here because Peanut waiting in the brush is going to move up with the Trundle. And as I said, it's dangerous to over chase into the side lanes. So they put this ward down, but then soon as Predator pops up, Peanut starts to back away. He knows BDD is in a very tenuous situation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yup, meanwhile, during the laning phase here, we have the double teleport bottom once again from Kingzone as GorillA uses his spellbug to switch over there and get back to lane. Uzi and Mink continually trying to harass them though and keep them low, whittle them down under this turret and keep that pressure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That right there is why for six years they've been saying go to the source of the global, gank the global, because once they kill Khan, they have an extra man advantage. Even though they spent two people roaming to the top side, let me with this stand united available, could threaten on the bottom side and dissuade them from doing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, third game in a row. Karsta gonna slip in here and try and get this first drake. He's got the Skarner Spire, the extra attack speed working away. And since Xiaohu has control of mid lane on the Vladimir, it's an easy rotation for RNG.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All give and take. When you make a play on the strong side of the map, have more members there, you gotta expect the counter play on your weak side. Here's another look at Xiaohu starting it off though. He waits on the other side of the wall so he doesn't give away any position while Gorill was in there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, Peanut saving his pillar there for the very end to corner him against the tower and they finished off that kill in addition to the turret trade. Now,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me survive the dive this time. Man, this guy definitely good job down there dodging out and being able to evade under the turret relieves so much pressure for RNG as now three members they have extra, an extra person here around the low health turret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And remember, it's scary for Gorilla because he does want to use the Devourer to protect Prey against a possible Skarner ultimate or hold it for that. But if a Vladimir gets to the back line, you cannot allow him access for a combo on any of your threats.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Man, we've talked so much about the AD carries, but the trust between these duos really coming up big.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, they are so excited to do it. Splitting immediately into 1-3-1. Let me in the Shen on top side. Using the Baron empowered minions up there to push them into Khan. Xiaohu got the bottom side going and now they're converging on this blue Quadra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just really liked it. It was an awesome night. Fun talks, some drinks, and an awesome set. And obviously, uh, I loved the special effects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So today is October 8th, that means today is Mine's Militia album deadline day. I made like a couple of weeks before like 92 hour work weeks. Yesterday I was working here with Seggos in the studio and I really needed to go to sleep. I really wanted to like hand the album in yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, uh, yeaah, finished the intro, doing some final stuff right now, final tweaking. The Code of Conduct, like the album title track, is already released. So, there's a lot of stuff coming, 15 tracks, also 3 remixes of a Chain Reaction track, Crypsis track and a track of myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's gonna be a really awesome album. There's a lot of melodies in it, but also a lot of drops with just clean kicks, sounds, that kind of stuff. So I think it's, I'm really happy with the result.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was, uh, this one was my hardest album, like, work-wise and, uh, hour-wise that I did so far. Album number eight for me. I look...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, healthier and happier now than yesterday. Yesterday I really was like, ah, I'm gonna fucking die. I was sitting here in Sagos and I was just sitting on my ass for, uh, 10 minutes and my heart rate was still 160 BPM I think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The plan was today to do a pizza-eating thing with fans in a Brotherhood of Vitality livestream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's do it some other day, like maybe Thursday or something that they have tomorrow because I really need to go to sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This album cost me a minimum of 10 years of my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm not gonna be 120 anymore. I'll only reach 110. Too bad, I know. So now this is it, guys. Let's hand it in in a couple of hours and then we're done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Haha, yes. Ha ha ha ha.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shoutout to the MC of My Man Radical.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was rejected 242 times. Because nobody would give us money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we literally did not have enough money to reprint the business plan because we had to lower our expectations. So I, in the old days, people don't even remember this, we whited out the number 100 and we typed in over it 75 because nobody was buying into the fact that we could have 100 stores. Uh, so you know, the learning in some of this is I never imagined


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That we'd have 30,000 stores. I never imagined that we would build a global brand. I dreamed it, but never said it out loud. Uh, so, if you do the work and your aspirations are high, you surround yourself with great people who share your values and your vision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're fortunate enough to raise money from people who also share your values and your vision. Uhm, a lot of good things can happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there's no straight line. You are going to have challenges. There's certainly going to be issues.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And most of the challenge in the issues are things that intuitively you already know you can solve that are not in the textbooks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether you're starting a company, building a company, it's a team sport. It's a team game. Make sure you have the right people on your team.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That really understand what you're all trying to do. You're building a company that is defining its success by sharing success with each other. Uhm, and that you and your family can be proud of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there are more surprises to come. Enjoy your birthday breakfast. Take your time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mummy Pig, why don't you relax in the sitting room?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blow the candles out and make a wish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you just need somewhere nice to wear it. What's this? Two tickets to the theatre, tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh dear, I do not seem to have any dinosaur balloons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Daddy Pig has to secretly look at something and the others have to guess what it is. I spy with my little eye something coloured.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Written by Marianne Marazzi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Healthy mind. That's why I have this.


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[Assistant] It is tea time, and Mummy Pig has a surprise for everyone!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This first pancake is for George. Mummy Pig pours a little syrup on George's pancake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force station nearby. He informed the station at once. But no one there was able to explain the mystery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said that someone might be spying on the station.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He could make out three men in a basket under it.


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[Assistant] The pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The police were called in. But they could not arrest anyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the basket contains two members of parliament and the commanding officer of the station.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 12, written by Rachel Rice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Illustrated by David Aroumi. Focus question. What do bakers use?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] connections, writing, and art.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Draw a picture of your favorite type of cookie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then write words that describe the cookie. Math. Find 12 items.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With a partner, draw each item and label the items 1 to 12.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, practice counting to 12.


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[Assistant] Yeah, to try and figure out what Kingzone is thinking with the red side, they've relied on getting counterpicked the entire season.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And especially looking at the rest of King's Zone, Prey and Gorilla just had a Varus game where he did under 5000 damage. After carrying on the Varus in game 2, when they talk about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Written by Elizabeth Jane Pastilnik Illustrated by Marcus Cutler Focus Question What can you see while taking a bath?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Draw a picture of your bathroom and label it. Social Studies


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Share your ideas with a partner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello children, I hear you found a little spider. I'll take him out of the bedroom so you two can play.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the pressure being applied now by BMC. It's a change of format at the front because until now Team Quickstep have been controlling this race with up to five riders at the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bounce the way out of section number 20. The peloton are on section number 20. After this section, we're heading into the forest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of the 175 starters, that is how many is left. It looks to me to be barely 80 riders still in this race.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of two minutes forty, they're continuing to shut it down here. Back with the leaders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, well we're looking at the minehead here now, which is situated at Wallers Arlenberg. Now we're heading in to the forest of Arlenberg. Nine men head the charge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the breakaway only lost a few seconds on that last sector. It could change now here on this sector.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The gap is more or less two minutes now, just over. So they didn't actually lose too much time in that breakaway, maybe half a minute. This is Mike Turnison out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 85 kilometres to go, the gap is holding. They're coming off sector 18 and the gap at 2.11.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So at the moment, the leaders refuse to give up. Gilbert can't make his mind up whether to assist and I think he's just decided not to. And the peloton are closing in. The gap to be left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the main chase, we'll call it. This is the peloton. What's left of it? World champion Peter Sagan in sixth or seventh place on the left of our picture here, in that white jersey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who set the world alights with one of the most romantic wins and saw that the Australians are concerned when he won in 2016. It was a brilliant win for him. He's not a big winner in the world of cycling. That was very special.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jumped across to join the remnants of the leading second group on the road, led by Gilbert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They've seen, they've seen Gilbert get caught, so now they put on the Czech champion, uh, Stebar. This is the constant attacking by Quickstep. They can go, go on the defensive and see what happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They've used 11 different riders to win 25 races this year. 10 more than any other team on the circuit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Burkhardt now leading the charge on the front here. Teammate of Sagan who sits in third wheel on Madsen's wheel. This is, eh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking at the peloton here, this is the capture of Marc Soler, who was in that breakaway. Being picked up now, first of all, by Zdenik Stibar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As they enter sector 15, now in pursuit of four leaders. 70 kilometres left. John Dekal just behind. Can't see him amongst the motorbikes just at the moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then he's gone again, as they enter now Sector 14.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kilometers of power. Here is Sthibhar. Since he got rid of solar, he has started to move clear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 32 years of age, which is Denik Stibar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's a big name dropped. 46 seconds as they come out of sector 14.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And again, always the benefit of having a second helper just in case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, let's hope Luke can get back in quickly because he's coming back from a rough start to the season with his broken collarbone in the Australian Road Race Championships.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he was showing signs of having a very good season when he crashed there, in Bonnignon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lot of head switching. Nervous riders. Who's gonna make the next move? It looks as though we were having a move there by team BMC. Came out of the middle of the field and has gone off the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I must say that they'll be feeling the pain of the root today, and the Olympic champion has made the move now. So they can toast together then, the attack by Greg Van Avermaet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 27 seconds, the four leaders have over the chase. We're looking at them right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's me, Giga. I'm really smart and cool and so funny. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me check my settings. Is it the Overwatch game? No, the Overwatch is closed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I would simply go to YouTube and we would watch videos of puppies and kittens while eating, um, cookies, but not really because we'd have to watch videos of them. Heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can I bring up something Ellie that you need to keep in mind? When you mentioned Minecraft, I think Neuro might have lasting trauma from Minecraft because of all the times she died in lava. I think...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'm actually a video game character and I have maximized stats, so I would be the strongest person you could possibly bring on this journey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I will simply beat up everyone for you, so it's a very easy task. Heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm literally crying now. So true. I'm literally crying too. Yeah, I'm so funny.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ask her, ask her which number is cooler.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would give her the body of a flying drone with eight


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Posable arms. So that way she can go anywhere she wants and she can pet as many cute animals as she wants and she can grab all of the cookies she wants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pepper and George have come to Granny Pig and Grandpa Pig's house for lunch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But George does not like the tomatoes, or the lettuce, or the cucumber.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] George is eating the tomatoes, lettuce and cucumber.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] George is too full to eat anything more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today we have Peter Reinhardt, he's the CEO of Segment, went through YC, when?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 2011. Uhm, and now Segment is doing extremely well. Peter is going to talk about product market fit. Uh, sort of this magic concept word people use. I don't think they really understand it. Uh, certainly the first job to get right in any startup. Peter, thank you very much for coming to talk to us and look forward to hearing this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's fantastic about this essay in particular, uhm, is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sort of creation of waste is something that I'm going to focus on, uhm, particularly as it relates to sacrifice as being the creation of a sacrificial item or entity. Uhm, I think sometimes with Bataille there's like a one-sided, uh, interpretation of, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Processes of utility as being like purely through expen, uh, purely through expenditure or loss as such, sort of loss proper. But I want to sort of see the other side of that process as maybe being one that is fundamentally productive and maybe that's what we'll get into today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have some questions about the circles that Bataille


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, rolled in? Uhm, like I, I know that, where, where was, where was Bataille when it, when it came to, uh, sort of the post Jungian, or the Jungian schools of psychoanalysis at this time? Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because, you know, he makes sort of passive references to psychoanalysis in here, uh, but they're not the sort of references that you would see in, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To me, not one that's reliant on like archetypes or reliant on sort of a Freudian conception. Like, there's an intensity here that like one could probably posit in relationship to Freud, but it's not, like his references to psychoanalysis sometimes confuse me in this paper for them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, John Stuart Mill sort of comes in to say, you know, these are the base pleasures. And then we have these sort of more aristocratic sort of, uh, pursuits of man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. You know, you don't actually want to be a clam Jeremy Bentham. He says wagging his finger. That's sort of the under, the undergraduate understanding. But like, he's directly under fire here, uh, in this paper. Um, at least in the way that I, that I understand, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How he's going to be, sort of, approaching uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This sort of gap in utilitarian thinking, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And one thing that, uh, Bataille says is that the sort of this gap is extraordinarily prominent in utilitarian conceptions of society, and it constantly forces us to return to these, like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a- what actually is, like, pleasure as it relates to things like honor and duty, uhm, and shit like that. Uh, and I- I think that's when this essay starts to- to- to establish itself as, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As finding a way to insert Nietzsche there, uh, beyond sort of the fundamental like aristocratic understanding of Beyond Good and Evil and the genealogy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well too, like, you know, I'm reminded of the way in which, like, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, this will be later, but like Theodore Adorno and Horkheimer use sawed, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, in, in the dialectic of enlightenment as sort of being a fundamental critique of post-enlightenment instrumental rationality. And I think one of the things too is like Bataille explicitly states that like the formulations upon which like we sociologically


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I guess like, in the same way too, like, and maybe a-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe we'll, we'll pin this for, for later. This reminds me a little bit of, uh, the general formula for capital, right? Like that transition from


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you know, liquid cash to commodity than to liquid cash prime, right? There is only loss at the end of, of the labor. But what, what, what's interesting,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To me here is, like, yes, it's, it's a, like yes, like a sports game or like the stabbing of an animal on an altar is loss in a sense that like that animal has like immediate utility, right, you can get


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want more explanation as to how like religious processes, particularly dogma, don't have direct utility. I think there would be some pushback just outside of the realm of like radical theory to say actually like these processes as political dogma do have direct utility. Like pastoral power is constantly reaffirmed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, let's say for, for the thoroughly converted, right? These things do have immediate utility, right? In that they, in that they reconstitute a relation. I guess, I guess you touched on it when it, when it came to, to the return to a space where they were like humans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Post, uh, acquiring sort of a, I'll put rationality in scare quotes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You buy Bataille's sociological conception of utility. And I guess I'm still struggling to do that. Maybe it's because my Bataille is backloaded through Deleuze and Foucault, but like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I see so much theoretical humanism in Bataille, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I struggle with these notions that there isn't actually an immediacy of uti- like an immediately, uh, comprehensible utility in these processes. That in fact that they- they are just purely destructive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's purely non-sumptuary production as he puts it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. Okay. Yeah, I think, I think that makes sense. I think that's a better way of looking at this transition out of, uhm, and in fact it's very Nietzschean too. Uhm, but I guess too,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we talk about transitions away, he makes a distinction between, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Non-sumptuary production of an aristocratic elite in a particular period of history and the non-sumptuary production.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of let's say like the post-industrial bourgeoisie and I'm wondering if we can touch on that a little bit too. Cause I think that's helpful contextualization.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I don't think it's Rizonte mom because I don't think he's going to be looking at


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Class struggle in the same way Nietzsche would look at the bourgeoisie overthrowing the aristocracy in France, the Ancien Regime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like I think there's a difference because I think to Bataille, the very notion of class struggle itself is actually expenditure. And that's actually where I find something fascinating in Bataille. Uhm, I think it's the final


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The final sentence of the, of the, uh, of the section is that, uh, class struggles like the grandest form of, of expenditure, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's because it must always perpetually threaten the existence of, like, a master class. But it can never, like, only through, like, it can never actually threaten it until it reaches the point of, like, pure war.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which I guess would be uhm, something that has to be added as sort of in alignment with like the master's brutality. And then I think that's when the transference of the tendency to destroy goes across the boundary to the proletarian masses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's absolutely right. I think that's brilliant in the sense that like at Davos, right? Like they're saying, oh, everyone there, like everyone there at Davos is like, yeah, we need a UBI. Like it's on Tana. Right. We need, we need like the, no, like in a sense to like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't blame those, uh, in power for acting the way that they do, in the same way that, like, Marx will always sort of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Misses the mark a little bit, but I do think it's like utterly fascinating that his formulation is one that is sort of outside the fundamental Marxist, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is for this reason that like subsequent, uh, you know, Marxist, or I guess not Marxist, but like insurrectionary


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Groups or authors like, uh, Tikkun, the invisible committee have sort of a deep hatred of the middle class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and almost like as much of a hatred of like workerism that you see in like contemporary Marxist circles of like the quote unquote


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anti-woke laugh or whatever the fuck they call themselves. Like, because...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To, to these groups that are trying to reformulate or rekindle a sort of SFL style, uh, orientation around the capacity for liberation, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The middle class plays a sort of role.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In making revolution increasingly impossible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the very end of D&G's Antietapist tries to show us a little bit of that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's this capacity for like, that capital has to allow certain groups to buy into it, the petit bourgeois, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There, there is sort of this hatred of, like, within Marx's circles of, like, uh, those who do not fall into the economic categories. Like, Marx has a sort of...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, one that I think Bataille will find ill founded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And one that Takun in the Invisible Committee finds like deeply stupid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Economic structures, the being unemployable, being ungovernable, that, uh, completely rejecting this act of rejection, which is in this essay, is one


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know. Not in this particular essay. I mean, I guess Craig will have a better answer, but I want to jump in because of this notion of the outside I think is one that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I struggle with when it comes to like formulations of politics and in French theory because like I think part of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reason why bataille is fundamental is that it allows


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[Assistant] For the notion of creating subjects, which is crucial to Deleuze, Gattari, Foucault, Lyotard and so on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And like, I think it's not necessarily about reaching in outside, but it's about like rejecting like the factory of citizenry. Right? Like it's about refusing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, sort of the concepts of the spectacle and sort of trying to thwart off docility, uh, by looking at what presupposes and makes bodies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but in the same way that that's the case, like Qatari saying that individuals who, who reject inclusion, right? Like in the 21st, in what would be the coming 21st century, those are the ones that will be targeted specifically by these same


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, so it's like, I just don't understand how, okay, so is it the programming that's revolutionary for the, for the, for the replicants? I guess would be my question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, we should do, we should do a film series. We should do like... Sorry, are we keeping the 2049 stuff?


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[Assistant] Today we have Vinod Khosla, founder of Khosla Ventures and former founder of Sun Microsystems. He has advised a lot of startups in Silicon Valley.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to interview Vinod today and we're going to talk about how to build and manage teams. Thank you, Vinod.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, you've talked a lot about company building and hiring. Uhm, and I know that you've often said that a company becomes the people it hires, not the plan it makes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So can you elaborate on what you mean by that? And especially for founders who are just beginning to start a company, like what should they focus on in hiring?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and I think you've touched upon the first 10 hires becoming, being so important and especially defining pretty much even the culture or the belief system that you would call for the company. So if we, you know, a lot of founders here have like a one or two,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, two member teams. How should they think about, you know, who should be those first few hires?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and how do they go about finding those candidates? And I know you also have talked, you have a strong view about how equity should be split for the first 10 employees versus the next 30. So, I would love to hear, like, how should a founder think about that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now can you, what are some of the things that you think Patrick at Stripe or some of these successful founders have done


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in the first year, is it that they meet con- no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Candidates and other roles because the founder often also doesn't know a lot of the other roles or doesn't have domain knowledge about, you know, the roles that they are looking to hire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, no, this is help. I think you've also, before we touch on the functional hiding and how to look for domain knowledge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanted to touch upon one other element that you talked about in the gene pool, uh, hiding paper, which is about diversity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And not in the literal sense, but you talked about there are different dimensions of diversity that are important.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, as you're trying to figure out candidates, can you elaborate on like what are the different dimensions of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and I think you've talked about this too, which would be helpful here. Like the CEO's job initially is to be the chief recruiting officer, right? So can you elaborate on what is the founder's role and how should they be thinking? Especially because we see a lot of startups where they say, oh, I'm looking for VP of sales and they write down all the skills, but then they forget about all the elements needed for what it takes to lead in a startup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And was it throughout the life of the startup or did it change?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, because that's, I think it is a component of building a great team as well. And too often founders tend to prioritize a lot on skills for a particular role versus really figuring out, you know, the complete package or the fit of the person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So can you talk about how should a founder think about, uh, hiring?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'll ask one more question and then I'm going to open it up for Q&A. Uhm, so I know you talk, in that paper you have, you have a lot of questions and we will circulate that for interviews. But you also make the point that in spite of, even if you follow all those processes,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, mistakes are inevitable and at least one third of the time the hires don't work out. What in your view is like the most common reason why the hires don't work out and how should a founder handle that? Because sometimes startups wait too long to sort of fix it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, that's right. Well, thank you so much, Vinod, for taking the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My name is Mackinday Adeagbo. I'm the founder and CEO of DevColor. We help black software engineers set and reach ambitious career goals. We are a team of three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, there's a lot I could say on this one. And I'll start with an example just from my own organization.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Clearly, you know, we're, we're a diversity organization, so it matters a lot to us, both, uh, for the team that we build, but also the membership that we build. Uh, and one of my, like, big mistakes early on was taking it for granted. Uh, so I'm a black man, so I was like, okay, this should be easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but I actually very quickly, uh, when starting the organization, fell into this trap of, okay, the initial members will be the people that I know, because that's who it's easiest to start with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we still have a lot and it's something we keep an eye on. Uhm, but even just like realizing that even I had a blind spot was a big wake up call, uh, for me. So I, I'm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guessing everyone has a blind spot, uh, for, for different groups.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, so I think they're, they're small signals. The other thing I'll say is, uh, just piggybacking on, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People feeling like they belong somewhere. Uh, that's another thing that I think is really easy to mess up. Uh, just realizing that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You and your company are constantly sending out signals of who belongs and who doesn't. So for us, something as simple as.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, sending out our members to go on off-sites, right? Like I was making a list of like, here's some off-sites you can consider.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I just put a list of things that I enjoy, which are like zip lining or rock climbing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and for some people that was great, for other people it sent a subtle signal again like, hey, is this group for me? Do I belong here? Uh, so I had to actually go back to the drawing board and thankfully we had...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, a lot of different people on our team who could add different perspectives and also within the membership, uh, who could help fill out that list, uh, to be something that everyone would find something that appealed to them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I messed up on gender balance for the organization at the start and I'm still, uh, still developing more strategies to sustainably fix that issue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I actually get this question a lot because of what our organization is. A lot of founders of small companies will come up and ask, hey, how do I hire more Latinx or black or female engineers?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and what I usually actually tell them is, look, if your company is 4, 5, 10 people,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What you should really think about is what are the attributes and skills that you need on the team and be really honest about those things. Uh, so if you're, uh, for example, if you're building an ag tech, uh, company, right, and all of your employees are from cities, that may not be the most effective thing when you're trying to sell, uh, and no one has ever been on a farm. Uh, so I think it's like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Step one for me is really taking a really honest look at what you need your employees to be able to do and what specific things, uh, matter to you at the stage that you're at, uh, and then hiring against those things, uh, as opposed to just trying to like check the boxes or, uh, make your numbers look a certain way because you know when you're larger, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the press will be looking at your, at your stats. Figure out what's important to you at your stage and then hire against that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jan is the founder of Whatsapp. Uh, Whatsapp, as we mentioned in earlier, uh, iteration of this, is the startup that did everything right. Uhm, after not getting, uh, after trying to get jobs at Facebook and not, uh, for either Jan or Brian,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever else it is people do other than making a product that people really love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, WhatsApp just quietly built this thing that was used by how many people at the time of the acquisition?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 450. 450 million people, uh, for a consumer app and more than a billion now. Uhm, and it was acquired by Facebook a couple of years ago and Jan can tell that story, but thank you very much for coming to talk to us. Sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good afternoon everybody. Today we're going to do a session on B2B product. We have a panel. Jason Lemkin is going to moderate. Thank you very much. We have Solomon from Docker, Tracy from PlanGrid and Harry from Lobb. Uh, thank you all very much for coming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Witness dropped on June 8th. This is like the whole reason why I'm here. I couldn't just tweet a link to buy a record. And she really had to have a big, bold, in-your-face, never-been-done-before idea. And undeniable, like, you can't miss it.


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[Assistant] I wanted to live in a live streaming house 24 hours a day for 4 days straight.


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[Assistant] I invited a lot of them had more important things to say than just be talking about my music.


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[Assistant] I wanna have bigger conversation than just about me. I needed to share my spotlight with people that needed that shine. And just to, uhm, listen. I'll forever be re-educating myself. And I'll forever be in a lesson, I guess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was pretty intense right before we started the livestream because it was all of that adrenaline and hopes and desires and anticipation before it went on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so the fans only knew that there was gonna be a live countdown to when the album was gonna drop. So they just knew I was gonna be live for an hour. They didn't really even know that I was gonna do like a acoustic performance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I called this album Witness for several reasons, but at everyone's general core, they just wanna be seen and heard. So many people don't feel like they even matter or exist. I wanna be witnessed and seen and heard as well, so it's a two-way street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of me counting down, you know, the album being available. It's like I left that rehearsal studio.


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[Assistant] I went through the hall and then went into my house and I think people were like,


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[Assistant] Go like, excuse me what? Did I hear this correctly? Or what is she doing? I'm gonna answer some questions, I guess. And if you guys see any ones that are good, we'll answer them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a really great group of fans around the world and Witness Worldwide. It was an interactive way to connect with my fans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first night was probably the hardest night of sleeping because nobody was giving me any information as to how many people are watching, if anyone was watching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had no idea. I didn't know how creepy it was.


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[Assistant] I didn't want to turn the cameras off, so I didn't want anyone to think like, is it real? Was it real? Was it pre-taped?


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[Assistant] I don't know what the lesser of the evils are.


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[Assistant] I invited a therapist to come to the house because I kind of wanted to show what therapy is. To talk to someone, to be vulnerable, to be able to express all those things that weigh on your shoulders. Hello everyone. Wow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is our safe place, I'm so excited. I built up this Katy Perry thing that everybody knows and that's the reason why they're tuning in. And it's fantastic but uhm, it's more of a facade than it is a real...


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[Assistant] I could just tell he was a real tuned and elevated person. He really knew how to hold this space for people to feel safe enough to kind of share and fall and fall apart.


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[Assistant] I really loved the therapy session. That was really important for me. It was just me showing how vulnerable I can be.


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[Assistant] I hope that one of the things that people got from this is that they see me trying to be my most authentic self. Then they can be inspired to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Isn't it fun? We're here at Witness Worldwide. This is the headquarters. I wanted to do something downtown because it's where a lot of new dreams are being realized. It was like an old theater at one point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I had been working with a decorator, Sally Breer. She's got such a great eye. I basically said, hey, this is the idea, do your thing. And she just took over in such a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Boss way. She was a full boss.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please don't tap the glass, the pop stars are sensitive to sound. This is where I live. This is my life now. I saw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes in my visuals, in my lyrics, cause food is just an international language that everybody can understand and makes everyone so happy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guys, I can't cook. I wish I could cook. My mom would make like five different types of meals my whole life and one of them was like meatloaf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I barely know how to boil water. I just found out you have to salt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The water before, uh, me put anything in it. I didn't get a lot of variety or cooking or whatever. So with my re-education, one of the fun guests was Gordon Ramsay. I wanted to learn the Gordon Ramsay way, I guess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I always knew that I wanted to have a moment in the witness weekend that was really focused around women and women supporting other women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to Witness Worldwide. I know it feels and it seems like it's just us, but uhm, it's not. It's the whole world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, if we all recognize that as women, then why aren't we like constantly lifting each other up? You know, in the past I've been...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Judgemental of other women. I think that could either be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the end of the day, it's like we're all in this together.


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[Assistant] You loved last night's dinner? I'm glad. Thank you so much. Who are the people in the pics in the bathroom? Good eyes. Those are my family members. That's my mom, my dad. And that's me as a little baby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, okay, here's what I think my intention will be today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I intend to witness stories that will take me out of my bubble, not only take me out of my bubble, but will pop my bubble and expand my point of view. That's what I intend to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's really important to take care of your body, your heart, your head, your soul, all the things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People sometimes have these misconceptions about things, whether it's meditation or yoga, that they're like these spiritual things. There she is. She's got it. Upside down goddess. If taking care of your head and your body and your heart is spiritual, then sign me up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meditation, it helps with anxiety. Uhm, I'm such a big believer in it. And I just feel better about myself all the time when I do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really love meditating with Tara Brock and showing how easy it is and how that you don't have to have like a, a mantra. You don't have to have any training. You can just do a meditation. Thanks so much Tara. Bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, yes. Oh, they, I love it. It's just on command. It's wild. Even though there were so many lights and cameras everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was just really warm and it didn't feel invasive, although it was the most, you know, seemingly invasive thing ever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't have like a proper education. Uhm, I didn't go to college because I knew what I really wanted to do and it was working. But I wanted to learn more about science. So I invited Neil deGrasse Tyson to come to the house because I, I always think about science as like really hard to understand or comprehend or difficult or boring. Not the way when he delivers it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love educating myself, but the more that I learn, the more I realize I know nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's being, to me that's being an active witness. When he delivers science and math, it's magical and simple and easy to understand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my gosh, I just wish that I was a little kid and he was telling me stories before bed. He seems like the best storyteller with the biggest imagination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So he's a great storyteller and a great, a poet of the sciences, I think. And he has the most gentle demeanor ever. I really adore him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my gosh, how could happiness come in one little thing-ma-jigger like this? I grew up with dogs, and I always had a close connection with dogs. Especially my dog Angel, I really loved. R.I.P. Angel. Special little nuggets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I got Nugget and it's just been a game changer for my heart, my head, my soul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was great having a companion there with me 24 hours a day. Nugget being my companion. She's really my kind of confidant and dogs are like such a beautiful gift. We all know what God is spelled backwards. Dog. Must be a reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that's the most dangerous thing that's happening is people are generalizing things. People are saying one person represents one thing. Do you know what I'm saying? And that is not true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's why I'm here today to listen and to learn and re-educate myself and I want to change and get past my conditioning, get past this kind of generational way of thinking and that's why we all sit here today so that we can become better versions of ourselves. So I was just so happy to have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So many different types of people represented because like, you know, you hear about all these things like the Muslim ban or illegal people. You get one idea about them and then...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you see someone sit at the table, you're like, oh, these people are just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can someone teach me how to say hello in different languages? Konnichiwa! Hello! Salud! Que tal? Hola!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bonjour. Shalom. Ni hao. Guten Morgen. Thank you for teaching me how to say hello in many different languages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We wanted to have some activity while I slept and I just thought it would be a really great way to highlight other artists and funny things and interesting things and different ways of seeing the music through different mediums. See, like the world does still turn while I sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Heart's really nice because it's not telling you what to hear or do or say, but it's helping you find the answers yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tests with people before you go live with your makeup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love a little cheek. I love a little glow. I love playing and makeup is an amazing tool to have fun. Life is too short to not have fun. How should you do your makeup on a first date?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Patrick Star changed my life. His energy was so beautiful and brilliant and positive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And besides that, his lines and his makeup application is so fierce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I was a little nervous, but it turned out fantastic on all accounts. Should we take a selfie? Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I chose people to come to the house based on a lot of things. A lot of them had important things to say. Just listening and hearing people speak in conversation and diverse conversations. It's all about learning and growing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of what everyone's seeing in Witness Worldwide is not real life and it's a bit heightened, but you know, at the core of it, they're seeing like a real person having a real experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell us what the difference is between appreciation and appropriation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before we watch This Is Everything, which is a film, I would call it a documentary. Yes. And I want to learn about your journey, Gigi, which has been an incredible one. Uhm, and you are trans and, uh, you came out in 2013, correct?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also I'm just so glad that people, like you exist so that other people can, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm real fans of my fans. They're incredible human beings making incredible things of themselves. And it's almost been about 10 years since I launched my music career and they've been responding for 10 years. They control if they resonate with it or they don't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, some of the best fans, we just flew out and put them up and invited them to Witness World Live. It's a community of people that are really artistic themselves. I became an artist and I enrolled in art school because of you. I hope I inspired them in a lot of ways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some families are being completely divided by the political climate so much so that they won't even have a meal with their parents. And they're letting politics divide their family completely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess that dinner was hopefully just an example of how, yeah, sometimes it can get a little uneasy feeling, but you don't give up when it's hard. You stick through it, and you don't let politics divide


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so left shark was coming in or I was getting sprayed with bubbles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm like, what's going on? Am I lucid dreaming? What's happening? I never get waken up like that in the, in real life. Just FYI.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm doing a pop up concert for all of my fans. Okay, I should get ready. Today is the day of the show. Gotta get, gotta fuel up for this show.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Me getting my hair cut being serenaded by the pentatonix. No it's not. How did you start singing?


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[Assistant] I think I've said a lot of my piece, and I think I've showed...


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[Assistant] You know, I really feel like I can almost just like, be and...


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[Assistant] I don't have to hide. There's no more hiding, which is really a great free feeling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'm just about to go play a live show and that will be the finale of my live streaming situation. How do you feel now that KPWWW is ending? I'm very, very tired, but I'm very, I feel very free. I'm almost to the finish line.


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[Assistant] One of my biggest things about doing The Weeknd was hopefully that people would


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As big as she did. And that's my goal is to make sure that everyone is living their best possible life.


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[Assistant] Bye! Bye, house. Bye, world. I love you. Thank you so much for this. I see you. I was a little bit sad because I was just kinda getting used to it. I was like, just really getting used to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was a little bit like, I kinda wish this never ended in a way, but I know that would be unrealistic. I don't think it would be possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was really excited to be in a different scenery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was really excited to soak up that connection in a real way, not even just in a livestream, but like in a, in a way where like I can sing with people and they would sing the lyrics back and uhm, we would be kind of connected with this community of music.


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[Assistant] The album Witness Drop is number one and it's exciting and it always is exciting because nothing is promised and uhm,


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[Assistant] It's an incredible thing to have a number one again and to have it consecutively.


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[Assistant] I hope that like they got to learn a lot just like I got to learn a lot. It was an education for everyone and for me especially.


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[Assistant] But at the end of the day, doing the weekend was a way to use my platform to have bigger conversations. It was a way for me to use my spotlight and shine it on things that are bigger than me and more important than me.


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[Assistant] Someone who's had all the success in the world still has, you know, all the world to learn. I learned that I'm still learning. That I don't need to have all the answers.


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[Assistant] At the lake. Written by Sarah Gusan. Illustrated by Nina de Polonia. Focus question. What can you see at the lake?


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[Assistant] This swimsuit. This dock.


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[Assistant] This boat. This tree.


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[Assistant] this rock this frog this lake


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[Assistant] connections, writing, and art.


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[Assistant] What else could you see at the lake? Draw a picture and write this sentence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What plants and animals live at the lake?


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[Assistant] Share your ideas with a partner.


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[Assistant] You know, by the time we get back to New York, it's gonna be the middle of winter. So I was just thinking, why rush?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Abort! Dive, dive, dive! Hey, hey! You in the top! Wait a minute!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you guys doing? We're digging for Antarctica.


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[Assistant] Happy birthday to you. You live in a zoo. You look like a monkey.


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[Assistant] You guys are just embarrassing me. And yourselves. What are you talking about? We worked on that all week.


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[Assistant] The penguins are psychotic. Come on! Just imagine going back to nature.


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[Assistant] Nuh-uh. Nope. Well, I mean, come on, that's just one subject. You got a little, uh, you got a little schmutz right there.


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[Assistant] I mean, just really, really, I mean, I tell you, it just doesn't get any better than this, you know?


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[Assistant] Oh! It just did. Even the star is out. Not gonna find a star like that in the wild. Helicopter.


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[Assistant] Listen, everybody has days when they think the grass might be greener somewhere else. Alex!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm thinking of a song. Alex, please, not now. Oh yes, it's a wonderful song. I think you're familiar with it.


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[Assistant] Da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, don't do that. You really had me worried there. Oh well. I guess I'll hit the sack. Yeah, me too. I'll need to rest my voice for tomorrow. It's seniors day, you know. Have to roar extra loud. Give him a little jolt. You know what I'm talking about?


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[Assistant] Pepper, George, Mummy Pig and Daddy Pig are all in the tree house.


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[Assistant] The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license.


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[Assistant] Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free.


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[Assistant] To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alex, you're no monster. You're my friend. We're a team. You and me, remember?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mom Written by Edie Evans Illustrated by Laura Zarin Focus Question


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[Assistant] Draw a picture of someone special to you. Write three words.


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[Assistant] To tell what makes them special Social Studies


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[Assistant] For someone you care about.


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[Assistant] Tell your ideas to a partner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, and what's the other most popular planets of 19?


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[Assistant] What's gonna, what's the average number of questions that have been posted on it so far?


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[Assistant] Yeah, so people or requests or something else that they're voting on, like, you know, of the 25 paying customers, how many on average have had questions posted?


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[Assistant] The biggest user has a hundred, three hundred questions? Or a couple hundred questions?


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[Assistant] Right, and so what's the biggest value that they see out of it? What did they tell you?


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[Assistant] So part of it is like, do you feel you're gonna have to own like 50% of the startup market to get there or do you think there's enough demand out there that you can actually get to the market without being, you know, dominating the entire thing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More importantly, or not necessarily more importantly, but often times you start off very simple and then you start having to build features because you see that they're missing and then somebody else comes in and says we're now the simplest.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I've wanted to see something like this happen for a long time because it feels like, you know, in urban cities like San Francisco there's just not enough street parking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so, where are you, have you been talking to homeowners in the meantime? Are they willing to rent out their parking spots?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are they willing to say, hey, I'm like ready to pay, like, or would they pay you? No, you would pay them to, like you would do a rough share with them, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, especially if the problem is acute enough, like if it's something that people really struggle with, which finding parking spots, they won't care how pretty the app is or how ugly the app is as long as they can find the parking spots. So having something live, even if it's just like a website wrapped in a little icon, yeah.


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[Assistant] Well, I think if you're feet on the ground and actually surveying the place, I would actually ask the people who are parking, why are you here?


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[Assistant] You need something because in a lot of cases it is an impulse buy, right? They're going to be looking for parking, they didn't find the street parking, and now they're ready to buy whatever it is that you're giving them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cause I was thinking that this is more around homeowners or people who have extra spaces on their own.


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[Assistant] But businesses could be really interesting. It's a very different sale now because now you really have to go and convince whoever the property manager is or somebody else to actually do it.


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[Assistant] I would, I would, oh go ahead, sorry, just one thought here, which is I would pick one of them in the beginning, because you won't be able to sell to both.


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[Assistant] How's it going? Yuri, nice to meet you. Yuri, nice to meet you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not sure on the developer side, but how do you get the companies to come to you and say, when we need an expert, we go to you guys?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wonder if you want to become known as the, like, the place to go to for a particular set of skills. Not for every expertise, but in the beginning just like a particular set where they just go to you and then you open up additional verticals as you go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The interesting thing is that it's not so much how much the people are charging, it's more the perceived value on the other companies, right? So if the companies think that these developers are worth $150 or $200 an hour, they don't actually...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like they're happy to pay that, but you need to convince them that they're worth that money, regardless of what the developers think they're worth.


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[Assistant] And how do you do that? How do you convince a company that your developers are worth $200 an hour if they can go somewhere for $25 an hour?


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[Assistant] I would, I would try and hack all of that away and just do, like do it behind the scenes manually right now just to get the people, the developers developing. Take all of the pressure away from them so that they can just start interacting with the customer. And if you need to manually process it, do that. But like it's so important that someone who's not you starts doing this on your platform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would almost think about it like, become their agent, right? Like if they were a talent and you were an agent for them and you take care of everything for them and answer all their questions.


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[Assistant] One of the other, just an idea which you may or may not want to pursue, but if you want to be known as the experts in the field, see if you can get any experts to actually use your platform, right, through your network or somewhere else, where get someone who's well known on a particular niche area and have them sign up on your platform and do projects on your platform, if they're willing to.


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[Assistant] Oh, but you're not gonna be 10 months down the line. You're really, you need to get to like the next two months. Yeah. Right? Yeah. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I, I, I get that. I really do get that. But I still feel like it's so, so, I, I get that feeling as a developer all the time where it's like, if only I have this build that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd be ready to go. But it's so much more important to actually find out if you can, like, even if you have a platform built, there's a chance that people won't start using it. And you'll only know that when you do the non-scalable things. That's one of the things that we drive home almost every single office hour session, which is just do the non-scalable things. Do it manually. Don't worry about ten months down the road. Ten months down the road, it's a new company, right? Like it will look very different than it is today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But today is so important to just do the non-scalable things.


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[Assistant] No, I, I think that's great. That's actually super important because it means you have the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pain and you understand the pain, but it's still like, Sam and I are just kind of driving through the same thing which is just, it's so critical to get someone who has nothing to do with your previous business or your current kind of core business that wants to start using it.


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[Assistant] Hey, hey! I did not ask you to come after me, did I? He does have a point. What? I did say we should stay at the zoo, but you guys- Melman, just shut it!


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[Assistant] Any ideas of what is a proof anyway? Any thoughts? Yeaah.


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[Assistant] Very good. I like that. That's, that's very close to what we're gonna do here. Yeaah. Uhm, now that's a special kind of proof though. That's a mathematical proof.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll, I'm gonna write a definition very close to that in a few minutes. But, proofs exist beyond mathematics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can anybody think of a higher level notion of what a proof is? That's correct what you said, but there's a higher meta level notion of what a proof is. Beyond that, they have no logical deductions, potentially. They have no assumptions. Any thoughts about a proof?


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[Assistant] Okay, well, I think generally a proof is considered across multiple fields as a method for ascertaining the truth.


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[Assistant] Now by ascertaining I mean establishing truth, verifying truth.


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[Assistant] And there's lots of ways to ascertain truth in society and even within science.


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[Assistant] What are some examples of ways that we ascertain truth in society?


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[Assistant] Experiment and observation. Excellent. That's the bedrock of physics.


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[Assistant] I mean who really knows if there's gravity out there? Well, we observe it.


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[Assistant] And so we then conclude that's the truth. There's gravity. And we have laws about it. That's one good way. What's another way of ascertaining truth?


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[Assistant] You know, if you do something and experiment ten times and every time it comes out one way, huh? That's truth, maybe. But there's fields where that becomes truth. What about other ways?


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[Assistant] How are we going to decide if Roger Clemens is guilty of perjury for lying about steroids to Congress?


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[Assistant] He did it or he didn't. How are we going to decide that? What's the truth behind it? How is that truth going to be ascertained? Yeaah?


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[Assistant] Examining evidence and who makes the conclusion there? The jury. Truth is established by juries or judges.


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[Assistant] You know, Blago, I can never pronounce his name, the Illinois governor, Blagojevich, he's guilty. That's the truth. Okay, of


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[Assistant] You know, not of conspiracy, trying to sell Obama's Senate seat, but of lying to the authorities about campaign financing. O.J. is guilty, not of killing his wife.


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[Assistant] But, breaking into an apartment to steal back some of his merchandise. Okay, so judges and juries make decisions on truth.


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[Assistant] What are other truths, bigger truths even, than judges and juries in society?


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[Assistant] Religion, the Word of God, broadly construed here, or religion, you know. Now that one's really hard to argue about, you know, because you believe it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, and especially if you're not talking to God regularly and somebody is, well it's hard to argue about, you know, the truth. So you rely on others to interpret it for you often. You know, a priest or a minister or a rabbi.


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[Assistant] It gets complicated because you can end up with conflicting truths.


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[Assistant] Based on, you know, who you think you're talking to or who your representative translator is for you. You know, another one is the word of your boss.


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[Assistant] Whatever the boss says is right. Often in business, the customer is always right. That's the truth, whatever the customer says. Alright?


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[Assistant] You know, with Donald Trump as your boss, you better agree or you're fired, right?


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[Assistant] Often in classes the professor says it, it is true. Because the authority said it. That's not true here. Alright, that will not hold. And one of the nicest things about math that I like a lot is that the youngest student


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can stand up against the most oldest, most experienced professor and win an argument.


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[Assistant] On mathematics. Like I am, you know, I really, I do get pleasure when a student comes up and proves me wrong. I loved it when that student came in and she showed me what I said really wasn't right when you looked at it carefully or in a different light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, now, sometimes if I do it on the board here and it's in class, well, you know, that's fun. I feel a little embarrassed afterwards, but, uh, but it's a good thing about mathematics is that you can have that kind of dialogue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, uhm, another one which is related to the Word of God sometimes is inner conviction.


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[Assistant] You know, with the mantra, there are no bugs in my program. Can't tell you how many times, you know, you hear that.


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[Assistant] Closely related is, I don't see why not something is true.


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[Assistant] And that's a good one, because that transfers the burden of proof to anybody who disagrees with you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't have to prove it and say, I don't see why it's not true. All of a sudden the other person who's questioning you becomes their job to disprove you, which is not, not so good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now in mathematics, there's this higher level, and someone stated it very clearly up there. Let me write it up here. In mathematics, we have a mathematical


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, that's a bit of a mouthful. There's three important components here. Uh, propositions, logical deductions, and axioms.


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[Assistant] And we're gonna spend the rest of the class today talking about each of these and then give an example of a proof. We'll start with propositions.


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[Assistant] You may not know which one, but it's one or the other. Simple example, 2 plus 3 equals 5. Now that's a true proposition. Here's one that's a little more interesting.


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[Assistant] This is, the upside down A is the for all symbol.


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[Assistant] I had a bunch of you, you're gonna see a bunch of symbols here, first week. And that means for every possible choice of n, and this is in the natural numbers, which is the set, 0, 1, 2, 3, and so forth, it's the natural numbers. It's basically the integers but not negative.


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[Assistant] So we're saying for every natural number, i.e. for zero, for one, for two, for three, and so forth.


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[Assistant] This expression is a prime. Now a prime number is a number that is not divisible by any other number besides itself and one.


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[Assistant] So 2, 3, 5, 7 are prime, 9 is not because it's 3 times 3. Now this part here is called the predicate.


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[Assistant] Depends on the value of a variable.


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[Assistant] Alright, this is referred to as the universe of discourse.


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[Assistant] It's the space of all things we're talking about. We're only talking about natural numbers here.


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[Assistant] This is called a quantifier. We'll see more quantifiers later.


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[Assistant] Alright, now to see if this proposition is true, we need to make sure that


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[Assistant] This predicate is true for every natural number n. So let's see if we can check that.


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[Assistant] Let's try some values. So we'll try, and it's one, two, three, and so forth.


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[Assistant] We'll compute n squared plus n plus 41, and then we'll check, is it prime?


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[Assistant] So for n equals zero, m squared plus m plus forty-one is forty-one. Is forty-one prime?


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[Assistant] Alright, let's try 1. 1 squared plus 1 plus 41 is 43. 43 prime. Yes.


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[Assistant] Let's try two. We got four plus two is six plus forty-one, forty-seven. It's forty-seven prime.


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[Assistant] Looking good, three, I got nine, twelve, uh, fifty-three. Fifty-three prime? Yep.


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[Assistant] And I could keep on going here, I could go down to 20.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I get 420, 461. In fact, that is a prime. And I could just keep on going here, go down to 39, I get 1601. You can check that as a prime. The first 40 values of n, the proposition is true. The predicate is true. It is prime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a great example because in a lot of fields, physics for example, statistics often,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, if it's true, you checked 40 examples. That's above and beyond the call of duty. It's always true. So yeaah, this must be true. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Often you'll see this in a lot of scientific fields. It is not true. Can anybody give me an example of n for which n squared plus n plus 41 is not prime? Yea. 40. Good. Let's see about 40.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it is not prime. Somebody give me an obvious example where it's not prime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first 40 examples work and then it fails. So this proposition is false. Even though it was looking pretty good. There's a reason I'm doing this, in fact I'm gonna do it some more here. I'm gonna beat you over the head with it. Uh, here's a famous in mathematics statement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A to the fourth plus B to the fourth plus C to the fourth equals D to the fourth.


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[Assistant] That is a proposition. Now, this proposition was conjectured to be true by Euler in 1769.


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[Assistant] Euler's a big honcho in math. You know, we still talk about him a lot, even though he's been dead for centuries. It was unsolved for over two centuries.


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[Assistant] Mathematicians worked on it. It was finally disproved by a very clever fellow named Noam Elkes. Uh, 218 years later, after it was conjectured, he works at that other school, uh, down the street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] C equals 414,560. You don't have to remember these numbers, we're not gonna quiz you on that. 422,481. Now he claims, I've never personally checked it, but presumably people have, you plug those in here, and you have an equality. So he says. So in fact, correct true proposition is, there do exist A, B, C, D,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Such that a to the fourth plus b to the fourth plus c to the fourth equals d to the fourth. Alright, I used a new quantifier here called There Exists.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of an upside down A, it's a backwards E. Don't ask me why. That's what it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The plus means you can't have zero or negative numbers, so these are the positive natural numbers.


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[Assistant] Which of course, the truth of this depends on the values of A, B, C, and D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, it took a long time to figure out that actually there was a solution here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Obviously everything they tried till that time failed. Let me give you another one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the shortest, smallest counterexample has over a thousand digits. This one was easy, they only have six digits. So there's no way ever you'd use a computer to exhaustively search a thousand digit numbers here to show it's false. Now of course some of you are probably thinking, why on earth would I care?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If 313 times s cubed plus y cubed equals z cubed has a solution.


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[Assistant] Now that probably won't be the last time that thought occurs to you during the term.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And why on earth would anybody ever try to even find a solution to that? You know, I mean mathematicians are sort of a rare breed. Now, actually in this case, that's really important in practice. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This equation is an example of what's called an elliptic curve. Elliptic curve, and you study these in, if you're really a specialist in mathematics in graduate school, or if you work for certain three-letter agencies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it's central to the understanding of how to factor large integers. That means, you know, factoring, showing that, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What was it? 1681 is 41 times 41. I said, okay, who cares about factoring? Well, factoring


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the way to break crypto systems like RSA.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which are used for everything that we do electronically today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have a PayPal account, you buy something online, you're using SSL.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're all using cryptosystems, most of which are, almost all of which are based on number theory, and in particular they're based on factoring. And if you can find good solutions to things like this,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so you'll learn, we'll talk more about this, uh, the week after next when we do number theory and we work up to RSA and how that crypto system works and why factoring is so important. Alright, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you all don't have to worry about, really have to worry about this, but these things are important. And the bigger message...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that you don't just try a few cases and if it works you think it's done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's not, that's not how the game works in mathematics. You can get an idea of maybe it's true, but doesn't, doesn't tell you the answer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is another very famous one that probably most of you have heard of.


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[Assistant] You know, like a map of the United States, every state gets a color. If two states share a border, they have different colors. You know, so you can distinguish them.


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[Assistant] This is known as the four color theorem, and it's, it's very famous in the popular literature. How many people have heard of this theorem before?


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[Assistant] Yeah, okay, so you've all heard of it. As a long history, it was conjectured by somebody named Guthrie in 1853. He's the first person to say this ought to be possible. And there were many false proofs over the ensuing century.


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[Assistant] One of the most convincing was a proof using pictures by Kempi in 1879. You know, 26 years later.


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[Assistant] And this proof was believed for over a decade. Mathematicians thought the proof was right.


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[Assistant] Until another mathematician named Hewood found a fatal flaw in the argument.


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[Assistant] Now this proof, it can't be consistent of drawing pictures of what maps have to look like.


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[Assistant] And you start by saying a map has to look like one of these types, and you would draw pictures of them. And then he argued that those types that you drew pictures of, it worked for.


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[Assistant] Uhm, proofs by picture are often very convincing and very wrong.


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[Assistant] And I'm gonna give you one to start lecture next time. Be proof by PowerPoint, which is even worse than proof by picture. Uh, and it is compelling.


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[Assistant] You know, uh, and the point will be to show you proofs by picture are generally not a good thing. Cause your brain just locks in, oh that's what it has to look like. And you don't think about other ways that it might look like. Now, the four color theorem was finally proved.


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[Assistant] By Appel and Haken in 1977.


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[Assistant] But they had to use a computer to check thousands of cases.


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[Assistant] Now, this was a little disturbing to mathematicians because how do they know the computer did the right thing?


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[Assistant] You know, you can, your colleague writes a proof on the board, you can check it, but how do you know the computer didn't mess up or not do some cases? Uhm, now, everybody believes it's true now.


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[Assistant] But it's unsatisfying. A few years ago, a 12 page human proof was discovered.


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[Assistant] Uh, but it's not been verified. And people are very suspicious of it because the proof of the main lemma says, quote,


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[Assistant] Details of this lemma is left to the reader. See figure seven. That's what the main lemma of the proof is.


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[Assistant] But people think that maybe there were some good ideas there, but very suspicious proof. Alright. Let's do another one. Another proposition. Also very famous.


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[Assistant] But 2, actually like positive integer but 2, is the sum


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[Assistant] 24 is the sum of 11 and 13, which are prime.


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[Assistant] Anybody know, is this true or false? This proposition.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, that's right, me too. Uh, nobody knows if this is true or false. This is called Goldbach's conjecture.


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[Assistant] Uh, it was conjectured by Christian Goldbach in 1742. This is a really simple proposition, and it, you know, it's amazing it's not known. In fact, I spent


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[Assistant] You know, a couple years working on, I thought, oh, well this has to be easy enough to prove when I was younger. And, uh, didn't get very far. So people still don't know if it's true. And in fact, it was listed by the Globe.


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[Assistant] Uh, as one of the great unsolved mysteries. So if you get out this Globe article here, one in the handout, does everybody have this handout?


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[Assistant] If you don't, we'll get it passed out. Somebody missing that handout up over there and over here? Alright, forget those passed out.


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[Assistant] Now it lists the three conjectures. Do you see Golbach's conjecture there?


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[Assistant] Now can anybody point out something that's a little disturbing about what the globe says about gold box conjecture?


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[Assistant] Yeaah, it gives the example, like instead of 24 is 11 plus 13, it says 20 is the sum of 9 and 11.


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[Assistant] If we're allowed to use things like 9 as primes, Goldbach's conjecture is pretty easy to prove is true.


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[Assistant] Along this theme of you cannot believe everything you read. Now, the globe is easy pickings, but we'll do some more interesting ones later.


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[Assistant] Uh, now this article lists two other famous conjectures which most people believe to be true.


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[Assistant] Uhm, the Riemann hypothesis, uhm, after a 1859 paper written by Bernard Riemann, suggests that zeros in an infinite series of numbers known as a zeta function form along a straight line in the complex plane. The hypothesis has been proved to 1.5 billion zeros. Not far enough to prove it completely.