[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I have a little phrase, uhm, I think my mom used to say this, five minutes early is on time. Either my mom or dad would say that. Uhm, so I believe that when you arrive somewhere a couple minutes early, you're actually on time. So when I'm sitting in a meeting and there's supposed to be ten people in the meeting and only three people are there, that annoys me a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a new one. People who forget to mute their mic during a Zoom meeting. So if you've been in a Zoom meeting or any kind of meeting like this, maybe with Microsoft Teams or any other Skype, any other meeting product, sometimes


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To hit mute on your microphone when you are in a meeting, uh, and some people forget to do that and that can be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That could be a little annoying. Uhm, some people do it repeatedly. Some people, I won't mention any names because that would be rude, but I go to meetings like this sometimes and there are one or two people who almost always forget to turn their mic off. Uh, people who don't use their turn signal,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So notice I'm saying I'm annoyed with the person because most of these things are actions that people do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But sometimes people drive in front of you and they have their turn signal on, uh, and they don't ever turn. That, that's a little annoying. Sometimes people just turn without using their turn signal and that can be frustrating as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you could say it's annoying, it's frustrating, it drives you crazy when people do those kinds of things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who use their phone when you are talking to them or when you're trying to talk to them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes we're driving along and I'll be talking to Jen and then after a few minutes I'll notice she's not responding and I'll look over and realize that she's on her phone. This does not happen very often but when people use their phone when you're trying to talk to them or when you are talking to them


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It can be frustrating. I know in particular when you go to a restaurant


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're there to enjoy each other's company. So you're there to have conversation. Uh, it can be aggravating when someone is using their phone because you've decided to go out and spend money to spend time together. It can be a little bit annoying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People, there's a bit of a delay so they might not see it, but that would be considered yelling. Uhm, so for me when I type


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'm just gonna put a smiley face there. When I type on my phone or when I text or when I send an email, I don't ever use all caps because it feels like the person is yelling at you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something that can be a little bit annoying or aggravating is when people type using all caps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who drive with their windows down and play music really loud. So there's a few ways to say this. You could say people who play loud music while driving with their windows down. I'm sure you have heard this before. Sometimes when you're at the mall or maybe even in your own neighborhood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You hear this thumping sound, like boom, boom, boom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a car comes down the street with the windows down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And really loud blaring music playing. This can be, uh, uh, yeah, it can be, uh, uh, it can be really bothersome if you're sleeping and you hear this. Maybe you're trying to have a nap in the afternoon or it's evening and you're trying to sleep and all of the sudden you hear loud music. Very, very annoying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who don't return their shopping cart. So it's considered polite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not a very nice thing to do, uhm, because then the next person who wants to park there can't and might need to get out of their vehicle in order to park.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We actually have a grocery store where you put a dollar coin in to get a cart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you return your cart you get your dollar back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To encourage people to return their shopping carts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who always have the same problem as you. Have you ever had a headache?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then maybe you have a friend where when you say, oh, I have a bad headache, they say, oh, I have a bad headache too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or maybe you've been in a small car accident and you say, Oh, I, I got in a car accident. My car is a dent. And then they tell a story about how their car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never starts. So sometimes people don't listen. Sometimes when you tell them one of the problems you're having in life,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They just share their problem instead. When all you wanted was to have someone listen to you. I sometimes do this when I reply to comments, by the way. Someone will say something and I'll just talk about myself in my reply. I'll try not to do that as much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who can't park correctly. So this is something that does, uh, drive me bonkers, does drive me nuts. When I go to the grocery store and sometimes there aren't enough parking spots and I find one but the person has parked like this person and I can't fit my vehicle in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or when I park and then someone parks really close beside me and I can't get my door open when I come back from the store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that would, that would drive me crazy. So if you're someone who drives, please, uh, please park correctly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who slurp when they drink. So when I first started doing live streams,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I took a sip of water, I would slurp. Sorry about that. That was just an example. And very quickly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the comments, a lot of people would mention, please stop drinking while doing your live lesson. Please stop slurping your water when you're doing your live lesson. So now when I take a sip I try not to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, uh, for some people, this doesn't bother me too much. But for some people, the slurping sound, isn't that a fun word? The slurping sound is annoying for them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who smoke in a non-smoking area. So in Canada, there are very few places you can smoke now. You cannot smoke inside any public building. You can smoke in your home if you want. Uh, but sometimes people will smoke


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can smoke outside the market, but inside the market, you're not supposed to, and people still do. So it's a little bit, uhm, yeaah. I wish someone would just tell them to stop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I mentioned this one, the sound of chalk squeaking on a chalkboard or nails on a chalkboard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This can really set people off. Uhm, when you say something sets someone off, it makes them have a negative emotional reaction. This can even make people angry. The sound of nails on a chalkboard. It goes screech. I don't know if you've ever heard it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who use both armrests. Have you ever been on an airplane or in a movie theater and there's only one armrest between the seats and immediately the person beside you uses both of them?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, sometimes on an airplane as well, this will happen. Someone will use the entire armrest, uhm, when they should be sharing a little piece of it. Uhm, it's best just to decide early on how you're gonna share the armrest, I think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who cough without covering their mouth. Now this picture is old. You're supposed to cough into your elbow now. I think there were new pet peeves that people developed during the pandemic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But certainly, uhm, when you cough without covering your mouth, you can see in the person's mouth and you can, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, they're expelling, uhm, I'm trying to think, I'm gonna say molecules, vapor, they're expelling vapor, uhm, and it's just not a nice thing. So please, if you don't want to annoy people, cover your mouth when you cough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was walking the other day, uhm, on the sidewalk and the person in front of me was on their phone and they did this. All of a sudden they just stopped walking and I almost bumped into them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, maybe a new pet peeve for me. Uhm, I walk a lot more now, and sometimes I walk in town, so, uh, people who stop suddenly in front of me, uhm, are very, very frustrating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who cut in line or jumped the queue. So yes, in North America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is considered polite to wait in line. It is considered polite to not jump the queue. I know this is different in different countries, but certainly if you are in North America, if there is a line, you join the line at the end


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you wait your turn. That's how things work. If you try to join the line further up, people are going to get very, very angry with you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So don't cut in line, uhm, and don't, uh, don't try to get ahead of other people. Not very nice thing to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who misspell your name. So this is kind of a joke. No one has ever spelt Bob with two B's. But, uh, sometimes you have a complicated name. Uhm, so for instance, Bob is an easy name. It's not, uh, misspelt very often. But let's say your name was, I'm trying to think of a name. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kristen. There's a number of different ways to spell Kristen. It's very important for me as a teacher to learn how to spell my student's names so that I don't make a mistake but it can be annoying when someone misspells your name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who stand too close. So this is another thing that's new-ish. Uhm, by the way, we add ish to words sometimes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like it's new, but not really, but sort of new, new-ish. Uhm, this was a pet peeve before the pandemic, but now it's even more of a pet peeve. The other day I was at a store and I stood about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A meter and a half behind the person in front of me, but then behind me, a man stood right behind me, which in my opinion is still too close. I actually like standing two meters apart from people. That's, I'm comfortable standing that far apart. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but people who stand too close and also people who talk too close, sometimes a person will come and talk to me and they'll stand too close to me and it is uncomfortable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who interrupt you while you are talking. I...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do this to other people. So, I'm guilty of this. I'm sure for someone else, uhm, I'm annoying. I'm sure that they're like, whenever I talk to Bob, he's always interrupting me. But uh, yes, people who interrupt you while you are talking can be frustrating and annoying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bad wifi in a public place. Bad wifi anywhere. I think in this day and age.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You just expect to be connected. So when my phone doesn't work somewhere, it's frustrating. I was at market the other day and I wanted to upload a picture of the market and my wifi or my internet was bad at the market. So that was a little bit annoying. At school, if the wifi


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is flaky one day, when you say flaky, that means it's, it works and stops and works and stops. So it was flaky, uh, students, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Get, get, almost get angry. They're so upset when the wifi doesn't work. So wifi is an important thing to keep people happy now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who sing along to songs, whether you're driving or at home, sometimes you just want to listen to the song. But your friend or your sibling, your brother or sister might just love singing out loud. So people who sing along to songs can be, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annoying when you just want to listen to it. I don't do this. I do not sing along to songs, but uhm, yeaah. If you're a good singer, I guess it would be nice, but uhm, yeaah. I, I, I do not enjoy this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who talk in the theater during a movie. Now, one of the things that I find is when I go to see a movie, I pay a lot of money to see the movie and to hear the movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't pay a lot of money to listen to someone behind me talk during the movie. So sometimes people ask questions during the movie. Sometimes people just talk about other things


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I actually prefer to watch movies at home now. I just find it a lot more relaxing because people tend to talk in the theater.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a phone rings during a movie, so this is very, very similar. There's warnings at the beginning of a movie in the theater. Please turn off your cell phones. Uhm, I'll be honest, I don't turn off my cell phone. I just turn the ringer off. Uhm, but uh, when a phone rings during a movie,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you go, it's, it's annoying. When you go to a movie, you want to forget about life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just enjoy the movie. And when a phone rings, it can take away that enjoyment. So not, not a nice thing to have happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who take too many selfies. So I have one friend who I think every picture they take is a selfie. And uh, even if you're somewhere really nice, they take a selfie. And uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes I think, well, why don't you just take a picture of the beautiful waterfall? Why don't you just take a picture of the city you're in? Why, why are you always, why are you always doing this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's always like the phone. It's always like that. But I do it myself as well. I do take selfies sometimes. Uhm, mostly if I'm posting for all of you, I will take a selfie so that people can see where I am in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, PDA, public display of affection. I actually got this wrong in a lesson a few months ago and then mode eggs corrected me. Uh, but a PDA is a public display of affection. That means hugging or kissing in public.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Generally in North America, if you are walking around, uhm, with someone who you like, romantically, holding hands is usually fine. Uhm, walking with your arm around someone is fairly common. Uh, but hugging and kissing in public is considered, uh, a public display of affection. Uhm, so, yeaah, it's not, it's not, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it's not considered polite. You will see it sometimes, especially in a touristy area. You will see people, um, showing, uh, affection in public, but generally not something you see a lot of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who eat your food from the fridge at work. So, we have a fridge at work. I don't know if you have a fridge at work. A refrigerator. When I bring my lunch to school, I put it in the fridge. Sometimes other people will eat other people's food. I hope I explained that correctly. Sometimes people will put food in the fridge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And other people will eat it. It doesn't happen very often, but it can be annoying. When I was in college, I had a roommate who often ate my food. That was eventually I had to talk to him about it because it was very, very, very annoying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's see here. People who put gum under a table or bench when they are done chewing it, it grosses me out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that means it makes me like, like, I almost feel sick when I sit on a park bench and I put my hands on the edge and I feel gum underneath.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gross. That's the word we would use in English. It's very gross. Bad drivers. Bad drivers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think this is everyone's pet peeve. I think everyone in the world thinks they're a good driver.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they think everyone else is a bad driver and bad drivers annoy them. So, uh, definitely for me, uh, I don't like bad drivers. I am when I'm going somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, especially when I had little kids in the van with me, when my kids were little, uhm, bad drivers would really, really bother me and make me angry actually when I would get cut off or when someone was driving way over the speed limit that would always really, really annoy me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we mentioned this a little bit. People who don't actually listen when you are talking to them. Uh, I have this, there's a couple people I know who do this where when I'm talking to them, when I'm done saying what I'm saying, they just talk about something else or they talk about themselves. It's kinda strange actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A person who is always the expert on any topic. You know this is such a funny annoyance in life that a lot of television shows will have a character


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who plays this role? I think Dwight on The Office was kind of this way. He always knew everything. Uhm, and there's a few other shows where they'll, they'll have someone who's always the expert and, and it's,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They put a person in the show like that because it's funny, but in real life, it's not as funny. Uhm, at a previous job, I worked with someone who was like this. No matter what we talked about, they thought they knew more than everyone else and it was a little bit aggravating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spam email, telemarketers, spam email, uh, phishing scams, anything where people are trying to take advantage of you, uh, can just be, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, too much sometimes. Uh, I get a lot of spam email. Thankfully my spam filter catches most of it, so I don't have to worry about it. But yes, spam email. You know, a long time ago, before spam filters worked well, it was really annoying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who walk their dog and don't clean up after it. So dogs poop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you should clean up your poop. You should have a pooper scooper when you take your dog for a walk. You should have little bags to put the poop in because you shouldn't leave it at the park. You shouldn't leave it on the sidewalk. So you can see this, scoop your pet's poop. Someone has put a sign up because obviously someone is not doing that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So please, if you are a pet owner, clean up after your pet. It's, everyone will be happy if you do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, people who flick their cigarette butts on the ground. So smoking is already a little bit annoying. But people who smoke and when they're done they flick their cigarette. Can you tell I used to smoke? So you smoke and then you flick your cigarette.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe I did that when I was younger. We'll see. Uhm, but people who flick their cigarette butts on the ground. This is also dangerous in some parts of the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It rained here recently, but before Monday, if you flicked your cigarette butt here, you might have started a grass fire because things were starting to get very, very dry in this part. But thankfully it rained on Monday and it rained on Wednesday. We got two nice rain showers, so everything's growing really well again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People who litter, so this is related to flicking a cigarette butt, but uhm, sometimes you'll go to a public park, you'll go to a public place, and there will be garbage on the ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, there will be litter everywhere. And there might even be garbage cans and recycling, uh, and recycle bins, but people don't use them. So it's annoying when people do this. Uhm, we have taught our children not to do this. I hope when they are adults and live out of our house that they don't start littering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I walk along the road, the ditch is filled with litter. I know you think Canada is a beautiful country and it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When when people show you 5000 pictures of their vacation. So yes, sometimes people go on vacation. Sometimes when they come back, they show you some pictures and it's nice but there are certain people who like to show you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every picture. Like, and then we visited this house, and this was their living room, and this was their kitchen, and this is their backyard, and this is where they sit at night. Oh, and this is funny, this is a little lawn ornament they had, a little small gnome in their yard. You're gonna have to look up yard ornament and gnome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes people go on vacation and they simply show you way too many pictures when they get back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then perfume or cologne, that is too strong. This is one of my bigger pet peeves. I have a very good sense of smell. Uhm, probably because my nose is bigger than other people. I'm just kidding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when people wear a lot of perfume or cologne,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't mind a little bit of perfume or cologne. Sometimes when you go somewhere, uhm, it's pleasant. But sometimes people, you know, they squirt a whole bunch on themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or they're wearing too much and it's overwhelming. So that is definitely a pet peeve of mine. Too much perfume or too much cologne. By the way, women wear perfume and men wear cologne. And I'll pronounce that one more time. Cologne. I don't wear cologne by the way. I think when I was younger I did for a bit. But wearing cologne myself was


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Was too smelly. Smelly is the wrong word. The smell was too strong for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This has to stop. How are we going to correct these wrongs? How are we going to choose the right course? It's not going to be easy. For years I've worked with talented teams


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they've chosen the right objectives and the wrong objectives. Many have succeeded. Others of them have failed. And today I'm going to share with you what really makes a difference. That's what's crucial.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How and why they said meaningful and audacious goals. The right goals for the right reasons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's go back to 1975. Yep, this is me. I got a lot to learn, I'm a computer engineer, I got long hair, but I'm working under Andy Grove.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who's been called the greatest manager of his or any other era. Andy was a superb leader and also a teacher. And he said to me, John, it almost doesn't matter what you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Execution is what matters the most. And so Andy invented a system called Objectives and Key Results. Kind of rolls off the tongue, doesn't it? And it's all about excellent execution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here's a classic video from the 1970s of Professor Andy Grove.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Objectives and key results, or OKRs, are a simple goal-setting system. And they work for organizations, they work for teams, they even work for individuals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The objectives are what you want to have accomplished. The key results are how I'm going to get that done. Objectives, key results, what and how. But here's the truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many of us are setting goals wrong, and most of us are not setting goals at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of organizations set objectives and meet them. They ship their sales, they introduce their new products, they make their numbers. But they lack a sense of purpose to inspire their teams. So how do you set these goals the right way? First, you must answer the question, why? Why? Because truly transformational teams


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Combined their ambitions to their passion and to their purpose. And they develop a clear and compelling sense of why. I want to tell you a story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I work with a remarkable entrepreneur. Her name is Jeannie Kim. She runs a company called Nuna. Nuna is a healthcare data company.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when Nuna was founded, they used data to serve the health needs of lots of workers at large companies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then two years into the company's life, the federal government issued a proposal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To build the first ever cloud database for Medicaid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you'll remember that Medicaid is that program that serves 70 million Americans, our poor, our children, and people with disabilities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nuna, at the time, was just 15 people, and this database had to be built in one year. And they had a whole set of commitments that they had to honor. And frankly, they weren't going to make very much money on the project. This was a bet-your-company moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Jeannie seized it. She jumped at the opportunity she did not flinch. Why? Well, it's a personal why. Jeannie's younger brother, Gee Mong, has autism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when he was seven, he had his first ground mal seizure at Disneyland. He fell to the ground. He stopped breathing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jeannie's parents are Korean immigrants. They came to the country with limited resources, speaking little English.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it was up to Jeannie to enroll her family in Medicaid. She was nine years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To find her mission. And that mission became her company.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that company bid on one and delivered on that contract. Here's Jeannie to tell you why.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Genie's story tells us that a compelling sense of why can be the launch pad for our objectives. Remember that's what we want to have accomplished. And objectives are significant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're action-oriented. They are inspiring. And they're a kind of vaccine against fuzzy thinking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'd think a rock star would be an unlikely user of objectives and key results. But for years, Bono has used OKRs to wage a global war against poverty and disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And his one organization has focused on two really gorgeous, audacious objectives. The first is debt relief for the poorest countries in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next is universal access to anti-HIV drugs. Now why are these good objectives? Let's go back to our checklist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Significant? Check. Concrete? Yes. Action-oriented? Yes. Inspirational? Well, let's just listen to Bono.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love that. OKRs cultivate the madness. And magic is right around the corner. This is perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So with Jeannie, we've covered the whys. With Bono, the whats of goal setting. Let's turn our attention to the hows. Remember the hows are the key results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's how we meet our objectives and good results are specific and time bound. They're aggressive, but realistic. They're measurable and they're verifiable. Those are good key results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1999, I introduced OKRs to Google's co-founders, Larry and Sergey. Here they are, 24 years old, in their garage. And Sergey enthusiastically said he'd adopt them. Well, not quite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What he really said was, we don't have any other way to manage this company, so we'll give it a go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I took that as a kind of endorsement. But every quarter since then, every Googler has written down her objectives and her key results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They've graded them and they've published them for everyone to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And these are not used for bonuses or for promotions. They're set aside. They're used for a higher purpose, and that's to get collective commitment to truly stretch goals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 2008, a Googler, Sundar Pichai, took on an objective, which was to build the next generation client platform for the future of web applications. In other words, build the best browser.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was very thoughtful about how he chose his key results. How do you measure the best browser? It could be ad clicks or engagement or Repnog. He said, numbers of users.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because users are going to decide if Chrome is a great browser or not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So he had this one three-year-long objective, build the best browser, and then every year, he stuck to the same key results, numbers of users, but he upped the ante, and the first year, his goal was 20 million users, and he missed it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Got less than 10. Second year, he raised the bar to 50 million. He got to 37 million users. Somewhat better. In the third year,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He upped the ante once more to 100 million. He launched an aggressive marketing campaign, broader distribution, improved the technology, and kaboom! He got 111 million users. Here's why I like this story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not so much for the happy ending, but it shows someone carefully choosing the right objective and then sticking to it year after year after year. It's a perfect story for a nerd like me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What really matters is the why that we pour into those vessels. That's why we do our work. OKRs are not a silver bullet. They're not going to be a substitute for a strong culture or for stronger leadership.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But when those fundamentals are in place, they can take you to the mountaintop. I want you to think about your life for a moment. Do you have the right metrics?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you'd like some feedback on them, you can send them to me. I'm John at WhatMatters.com. If we think of the world-changing goals of an Intel, of a Nuna, of Bano, of Google, they're remarkable. Ubiquitous computing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Affordable healthcare, high quality for everyone. Ending global poverty. Access to all the world's information. Here's the deal.


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[Assistant] Every one of those goals is powered today by OKRs.


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[Assistant] I've been called the Johnny Appleseed of OKRs for spreading the good gospel according to Andy Grove.


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[Assistant] But I want you to join me in this movement. Let's fight for what it is that really matters. Because we can take OKRs beyond our businesses. We can take them to our families, to our schools, even to our governments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can hold those governments accountable. We can transform those informations. We can get back on the right track.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to talk about hobbies and pastimes. I should tell you that I did do a lesson on hobbies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think two years ago almost, but I only talked about seventeen or eighteen different hobbies. In this English lesson today, I'll talk about, I think about forty hobbies, something like that. If you're wondering what hobbies and pastimes are, they are things that you do for fun,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you're not working and when you're not at school, so they're the things that you do in life that you enjoy and you'll get an understanding in a in a bit about what they are. We use the word pastime sometimes. It means the same thing as hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but it's kind of an older word. I'm talking about things that people do for fun. So one of the things that people do for fun is maybe they like photography.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Photography is when you go outside and take pictures of nature. Maybe you take pictures of people. Maybe you take pictures of buildings or the city, but if you like photography and you do it as a hobby, we call you an amateur photographer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's different than a professional photographer. A professional photographer takes pictures for money. It's their job to take pictures. But if your hobby is photography, we would say that you're an amateur photographer.


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[Assistant] So an amateur photographer spends a little bit of money, buys really good cameras, they buy what they can afford,


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[Assistant] And they spend a lot of time taking pictures and then now they might spend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of you might be actors, so you can work as an actor, but some people also perform in plays every once in a while because they enjoy acting. So in my area of Ontario, there are some


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Local acting groups. So you can join a group and every year that group meets and they put on a play. Again, they are amateur actors. They have a job during the day. Maybe they work at the grocery store. Maybe they're a car mechanic. But at night or on the weekends,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But at night you're part of an acting group. So acting can be a hobby. Uhm, you might memorize your lines. So actors memorize their lines and then they will go to a practice and then eventually they will put on a performance or a show.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Crafting. So, I think this is bricolage en français. Some of my French, uh, viewers can let me know. But crafting is any time you make things out of paper, um, out of small items. You might make something out of cardboard and then paint it. You might create things out of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like used bottles anytime you make things out of different materials.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We would say that you are crafting. So maybe you have a photograph and you want to make a frame for it. So maybe you craft something out of old wood or some plastic or some paper.


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[Assistant] Just simply making things. Kids do a lot of crafting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, my kids do a lot of crafting. So when you craft, you have scissors and paper and cardboard and construction paper. Construction paper is a hard kind of paper and it comes in different colors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have glue, you have paper clips, uh, you might have a little bit of paint, I might have mentioned that already. Uh, but crafting is another hobby that some people have, and it's not just for children, okay? Some adults will actually do some crafting as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, knitting and sewing, uh, these two areas, there's actually, um, I could do a whole lesson on things that you can make out of yarn or thread or fabric, okay? So, knitting is when you have two needles and you knit yarn together to make a sweater or a winter hat or mittens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sewing is any time you sew fabric together, maybe with a sewing machine. What you see in the picture here is someone using a sewing machine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But besides knitting and sewing, there's crocheting, there's needle point, there are all kinds of hobbies involving, uh, fabric,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, buys all of their clothes or all of their fabric items in a store. Some people enjoy sewing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or knitting. Uhm, I don't do either of these, although when I was a child, I did a little bit of needle point, or what we also call cross stitching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, it was a lot of fun. My mom taught me how to make a little cat on a piece of fabric. I really enjoyed it. I also poked my finger with the needle by accident and it bled a little bit. That was not an enjoyable experience. Uhm, woodworking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So woodworking is a hobby that sometimes older people do when they're retired. Uhm, I know that I know a couple older gentlemen who are retired and they really enjoy woodworking. Uhm, so woodworking is when people buy wood


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They cut the wood and they either build furniture or other small items. Uhm, the men I know build wooden children's toys. So they have a little shop in their garage. They have a little woodworking shop. That's the area or the building where you do woodworking.


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[Assistant] And they have all different tools. They have a saw.


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[Assistant] This man is sanding the wood so it's nice and smooth. Uhm, but they just have a really nice area where they can do woodworking. So they go and they buy some wood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you talk about hobbies, you also, you often mention that people take up a hobby. So, you'll say things like this. Did you hear Joe took up woodworking? Yeaah, he's doing woodworking now. Or did you hear that Jane has taken up photography? She's bought a really nice camera and she's doing some photography just for fun. So, woodworking is another


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another, sorry, we don't say another. It's another. Another hobby or pastime.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I do think I might do this. I live on the farm. I might make a nice little woodworking shop someday. When I was younger, I learned woodworking in high school. There was actually a class and I really enjoyed it. So, I think that might be a peaceful hobby for me to do someday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, painting. So, this is not something I enjoy but some people love painting. Uh, so they love, uh, I'll do paint by numbers. I don't know if you know what that is but paint by numbers is when you buy, uhm, a little painting kit and then there's, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The painting is ready to go, it's just not painted and then there's all different areas and it, and they'll have a small number in it. So the number one and then you look and then you put that color in that spot. That's the kind of painting I would do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you paint as a hobby, it probably means that you like going outside to different places and you set up your easel.


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[Assistant] And your canvas and you have your paint brushes and your paint and then you paint a landscape or maybe you have a studio and you have someone come over and sit for you and then you paint a portrait of them. Uhm, so I'm using a lot of words in there and phrases related to painting as a hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A very interesting hobby though, uhm, I know a few former students of mine who do painting, uhm, as a hobby and they're really good at it. I think if they could sell their paintings, they could be professionals, but that just takes a little bit of time. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So coloring, so coloring used to be for children.


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[Assistant] But adults more and more are doing this as a hobby. This picture is, I think, an adult doing coloring. Notice also that I added a U to the word coloring because I'm Canadian.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you were learning American English, there's no letter U in the word color or coloring. Uhm, but coloring has become quite popular for adults as well as children. As a child, I did a lot of coloring. I really liked coloring. It was a lot of fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but, uh, as an adult, I haven't done a lot of it, but I do know I have a friend who likes to do coloring. Uh, she likes to buy coloring books, adult coloring books, which have very complex things that you need to color. Uhm, adult coloring books are not very easy. So, your hobby might be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Astronomy. So if you want to uh have astronomy as your hobby, you'll need to buy a telescope because astronomy is a hobby where you go out at night when it's very very dark with your telescope and you look at the night sky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we often refer to, uhm, the stars and the moon and the Milky Way as the night sky. So astronomers, so people who do astronomy,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, astronomers go out in the middle of the night when it's very, very dark, uh, and they look at the night sky, they look at stars, they look at planets, uh, they look at the moon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and they just enjoy being outside. There's two reasons why I am not an astronomer or why astronomy is not my hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't like getting up in the middle of the night or I don't like being up late and if you want to look at the stars or the moon, you have to stay up late. Uh and the second reason is because there's lots of mosquitoes in Canada and when you go out at night, they they bite you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I know that sounds kind of silly, but those are the reasons why I am not an astronomer. But I do have some interest in the night sky. Uh, you might enjoy writing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps you like writing little stories, perhaps you like writing poems, but writing is certainly a hobby that some people have.


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[Assistant] You might also enjoy journaling or keeping a diary. So journaling or keeping a diary is when at the end of every day, uhm, you write down your thoughts about the day and you write down what you did. My mother-in-law loves journaling so she


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the end of every day, she sits down and she writes down what happened that day. It's very very cool. I look forward to reading parts of that someday. I'm curious to read about the days when I started dating Jen


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wonder what that, what she wrote in her diary.


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[Assistant] Uh, some people enjoy winemaking or beer making. So in Canada, you are allowed to make wine at home. You are allowed to make beer at home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And some people do this as a hobby. So they'll go and they'll buy grapes, they'll go and buy everything they need to make wine, and they will make wine at home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can also make beer at home. Uhm, in small quantities. You're not allowed to make wine or make beer and sell it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you are allowed to make wine or beer at home and just enjoy, uhm, it as a hobby. Uhm, I had a friend who used to do this, uhm, but the wine, it wasn't very good. It wasn't very good. Why? It tasted pretty bad. It's kind of awkward when your friend makes wine and you go and you taste it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then they say, so do you like it? And it's like, no.


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[Assistant] This is a hobby for wealthier people, uhm, for rich people. Where I live in Ontario, there are many vineyards close to me. There are a lot of wineries. A vineyard is where they grow grapes and a winery is where they make wine. And a lot of wealthy people from Toronto, from the city of Toronto,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Puzzles. So I mentioned the last time I did this lesson that my mom really enjoys puzzles. We also usually have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A puzzle on the go in our house during the winter. We have a table in our back room where usually there's a puzzle in the winter months slowly getting finished. But a puzzle is when you have a box and it's a beautiful picture on the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's filled with all the puzzle pieces and then you try to put all the puzzle pieces together. Um, we don't actually have a puzzle out right now, but normally we do in January and February have a puzzle and you can buy puzzles that have different amounts of pieces. The more pieces the puzzle has, the harder it is. Uh, where am I here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Juggling. I put this one in. I don't know anyone who does juggling as a hobby. Uhm, but there are some people who really enjoy juggling or other activities like juggling. I know you might like, uh, there's something called a yo-yo that goes up and down. I know we have something


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With two sticks and a string and there's a part that spins, I think it's called a Diablo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We got it as a gift from my friend from China when he came to visit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but you might just have something, maybe you juggle with bowling pins, maybe you just juggle with small, uh, juggling small balls, but, uh, juggling might be a hobby. It's not my hobby. I can juggle a little bit. I can juggle three things, but it's very, very difficult.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, cooking. So definitely cooking might be your hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe you enjoy cooking meals, but you could also enjoy baking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, when you cook, you're preparing a meal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you bake, you're usually making something like bread or sweet baked goods. Okay. So we have something in English called baked goods and that involves cookies or muffins, all of the sweet things that you can bake. So again,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cooking might be your hobby. You might enjoy going to the grocery store and buying all the ingredients.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you might have a recipe that tells you how to prepare a certain meal. So again, ingredients are what you put in when you're making something or when you're cooking something. The recipe, that is the instructions that tell you how to make the dish or how to make the item that you are cooking. So maybe you enjoy cooking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, there are some people who play video games professionally. You can actually get paid to play video games, but the vast majority of the people in the world who play video games do it as a hobby. It's something they do to enjoy, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spending some time playing a game, maybe doing a quest in the game, maybe they like racing, maybe they like fighting games, maybe they like games where they can pretend they're a soldier, but video games have definitely become very popular.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or you might play a video game on your computer using your keyboard and your mouse. Uhm, either way, there are many people in the world that like playing video games. A lot of fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, there are board games. So I kind of mentioned board games earlier. I mentioned the game of chess. But board games are games you play at a table with other people. Some people even have a special table for playing board games. We have a table that we set up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A small table that fits four people nicely when we play video, uh, board games. Hey, I do wanna stop and thank Vasilisa for the super chat. Thank you so much. That is awesome of you. Thanks for doing that. I appreciate the support.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but there are many kinds of board games. In English we have games like Monopoly, uh, Checkers and Chess would be considered board games.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In addition to board games, people might play card games. So you might have a deck of cards. You might shuffle the cards and deal the cards to other people and play a game like Rummy or Bridge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or if you're playing with little kids, you might play a game called Go Fish. So board games and card games are definitely another thing that people do as a hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, this again is a hobby that I don't do. This person is sculpting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A sculptor is someone who sculpts, okay? Uhm, that's when you take clay or other things and you create something out of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Canada, we have people who do ice sculpting and they might do ice sculpting in the middle of the winter. Uh, they might get paid to do it, but some people do it just for fun, but you can sculpt things out of wood. You can sculpt them at things out of ice. You can sculpt things out of clay, but it's simply the act of creating something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three-dimensional. So it's different than painting, which is flat and two-dimensional.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, when you sculpt, you make something that's three-dimensional. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is actually somewhat popular in Canada. A lot of people will carve things out of wood. In particular, they'll carve things like ducks. You can see a wooden duck here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the far picture, you can see that person carved a wooden spoon, but wood carving is definitely a hobby that some people do, especially in the winter months, but also in Canada, many people will go up north in the summer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you are doing pottery, you have a pottery wheel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's a flat thing that spins, and you control the speed with your foot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you would put clay on the pottery wheel and then you would form it with your hands. The person who does pottery is called a potter. So if you said, oh, I, you know, I've taken up pottery in my spare time, someone might say, oh, so you're a potter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so pottery is another hobby. I have a couple friends actually that do pottery. Notice how I talk about hobbies, right? Like you take up pottery, they do pottery, that's the English, those are the English phrases you would use to talk about pottery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I say this word wrong sometimes, but there are...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three things or more that people do as a hobby that you can find in the newspaper or that you can buy little books that contain them. One is sudokus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I'm saying that right. Uh, a sudoku is, uhm, uhm, basically a math slash number puzzle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, where you have to figure out which number is missing from all of the blanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, hey, I do want to say thanks to Kenneth for the super chat. He says, Good morning, Bob. I'm from Dominican Republic. I don't speak English yet, but I try with your help. Can you recommend any series on Netflix to help me learn? So, I can't right now. I haven't looked at Netflix for a while, Kenneth. Uhm, but certainly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fine, I know Netflix added the ability to slow the videos down recently, so you can play them back at a slower speed every once in a while if you have trouble understanding part of it. Uhm, but definitely, uh, Kenneth


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A puzzle where they give you little hints and you have to figure out what word goes horizontally or vertically. Did you get that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Horizontally is this way and vertically is this way. Uhm, you can remember horizontal goes this way because horizon when you look really far you see the horizon is almost the same word as horizontal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then a word search is where there's a list of words and then you need to find those words in the big box that has all the letters in it. So another very common thing, some people will do a crossword puzzle every Saturday. They might get a newspaper and it might have a Saturday crossword puzzle in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We definitely, uh, definitely fought a lot about who got to do the word search. My mom had to make a list and say whose turn it was to do the word search every week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, of course we have reading. I think I mentioned this earlier a few times. I might have even had a slide on this. No, I didn't. Uhm, so reading is a very, very popular hobby. A very popular thing to do to relax. Uhm, we always say, uh, reading for pleasure. So you read just to enjoy the story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, calligraphy. So this is not something I'm super familiar with, but I do know someone who does calligraphy. We live in a world where


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone prints everything out from a computer, but people have started to really learn again how to write with a pen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And how to write scripts and beautiful, uh, artistic writing. And we call it calligraphy. It's very, very popular in some cultures. Uhm, but in North America, there are people who have started to do calligraphy, uhm, as a hobby. And they really enjoy it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Collecting. Okay, so collecting takes many many forms. You can collect stamps. You can collect hockey cards or baseball cards or football cards. Uhm, you can have a rock collection but there are just many many types of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I have a friend, I do have a friend who has a hockey card collection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and then I think of American English with this guy, Brent was here. He probably knows people that have baseball card collections. Some people collect t-shirts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If people really like a sports team, they might collect what we would call a sports paraphernalia. That's a big word, but they might have a hat, a t-shirt, all from that sports team. So collecting is a very, very popular hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I think probably around the world. I'm thinking of starting a stamp collection because I have a lot of stamps from people who have sent me postcards. Uhm, so we'll see. Maybe someday I'll start to put those all into a stamp collection book.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I will see. Uhm, Samara in the chat says that they used to collect different objects before. I had a rock collection when I was a kid. I had a special place where I had all different rocks in my room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So maybe one of your hobbies is magic. So if you like magic, maybe you've learned a few tricks. Maybe you can do some simple magic tricks. So maybe you know a few card tricks where you can pretend


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That you actually know real magic but magic is something that you learn to do different tricks and illusions so that people think uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So people can't figure out how you did it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A couple of my kids tried to do some magic tricks at one point. Uhm, and I think if they worked at it, they could get really good at it. Uhm, but magic might be another thing that you do as a hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welding. So, this is an interesting one because welding can be a job. If you weld things, you are a welder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A welder makes it so two pieces of metal or steel get fused together or welded together. This man is welding. He is a welder. But some people do welding as a hobby. I have a friend who makes things


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Out of metal. He makes art out of metal. And he does a lot of welding. So this is kind of a funny one as a hobby, but some people do enjoy making things out of wood. And if you enjoy making things out of metal, you might do a little bit of welding when you do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, welding is when you use really high voltage electricity to make it so two pieces of metal become welded together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Drawing, so drawing or sketching are all different ways


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So maybe you like, uhm, sitting outside at the park with a pad of paper and you like just doing some sketching or drawing. Maybe you see a nice tree.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you just sit down and you draw or sketch the tree. By the way, I'm using the verb to draw and to sketch interchangeably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when you draw or sketch, it simply means you're using a pencil to kind of outline and shade something in real life on a piece of paper. Uhm, let me see here. I'm just gonna check where I'm at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, we are almost, there we go. Uhm, gardening, maybe you really enjoy growing flowers, maybe you enjoy growing vegetables. Gardening is something that you do outside in the warmer months if you have a spot where you can do it. You obviously need to have a place where you can have a garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that you can grow things. You might have a vegetable garden where you grow vegetables, or you might have what we call flower beds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flower beds are small gardens where you grow flowers. So you might have a garden where you grow vegetables or you might have a flower bed where you grow some flowers. You can also have a flower garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But generally, along the sides of people's houses, they have what we call flower beds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is kind of a strange hobby, and it's not really a hobby, but I think some people like shopping as a hobby. They just like going and buying things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, this is one of the reasons why shopping is not one of my hobbies. Uhm, I like going to the mall, but I don't like buying things, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess you could say going to the mall is my hobby, but buying things at the mall is not my hobby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, geocaching. So this is an interesting hobby. I've done it a couple times. And it's where you take your phone


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And on your phone you have GPS, so you can see where you are in the world. And if you do geocaching, you can find places where people have hidden small things.


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[Assistant] And then you can go and find that thing. And usually there's a little piece of paper that you can write your name on. You know, Bob the Canadian was here February.


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[Assistant] I've done it twice. It's kind of interesting because you have to find the hidden object. Maybe it's in a tree or under a bridge, but geocaching certainly is a


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[Assistant] A cool hobby. You should try it someday if you're bored. Uhm, I might do a little more of it in the spring when I'm hiking with my kids.


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[Assistant] Uh, metal detecting. So you can see this gentleman is at the beach, and he has a metal detector, and he is looking for metal objects under the sand.


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[Assistant] He's probably looking for coins like money or rings. He's looking for things that people have lost and he's using a metal detector to find it. Uhm, I, my brother-in-law had a metal detector once and it was kind of fun but


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We never found anything cool. We just found, uh, old rusty nails. Um, we didn't find anything cool, but metal detecting is something that you might do, um, at a beach or somewhere where it's easy to dig because you are looking for things that people have found.


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[Assistant] So this is popular in a lot of places. Uhm, you might have a kite and you might enjoy flying your kite outside. You need a windy day to fly your kite.


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[Assistant] Would not be a good day to fly a kite here because the wind is 80 to 100 kilometers an hour today. Uh, that's a little bit, uh, that's too much wind, but you might enjoy going outside. You might enjoy flying your kite. Um, when I was a kid, I had a kite and my friend had a kite


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[Assistant] We had the kinds of, kind of kite with two strings so you could steer it.


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[Assistant] That was a lot of fun. Uhm, I really enjoyed that type of kite. In fact, I should get a kite like that again. Uhm, that was a fun kite to have.


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[Assistant] You might enjoy horseback riding. Uh, I say that because horses are kind of expensive. They eat a lot of hay. They eat a lot of food. Uhm, but if you, uh, like horses, you might have a horse.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I think I would be afraid of falling off if I went on a horse.


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[Assistant] My grandfather had horses though. My grandfather was a farmer in Holland and he grew up, uhm, before everyone had tractors. So he always


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[Assistant] I see in the chat, Mahdi says that he used to ride horses. Very cool. Uhm, maybe I should try that someday. I should maybe try being, uh, doing some horseback riding. It might be fun. Uh, model railroading. So this is where you buy really small trains and really small tracks.


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[Assistant] And you build on a, on a big piece of wood or on a table, you build a model railroad. Maybe you have little houses or like in this picture, a little train station. But model railroading is something that some people do as a hobby. They buy.


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[Assistant] So they buy the train, the engine, and they buy little train cars and little people, and they kind of create a miniature, uhm, railway station or a miniature railroad.


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[Assistant] So this is something my brother did when I was a kid. He would build model rockets. So you can also call this model rocketry. So he would build small rockets and then he would launch the rocket, uh, up in the air. And one time he built a really nice rocket and we launched it and we watched it come down.


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[Assistant] And then we couldn't find it back. It kind of fell, uhm, along the river in the deep grass, so we lost his model rocket. But, uh, rocketry is something else that people might do as a hobby. They might really enjoy building small rockets, uhm, and then going on a Saturday or on the weekend


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[Assistant] To launch their rocket, they probably count down like 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, and then everyone yells blast off.


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[Assistant] And the rocket goes up in the air. When it gets to the top, a parachute comes out.


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[Assistant] And then it comes down again. So rocketry, super fun.


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[Assistant] So birdwatching is something, I was going to say this is something older people do, but not necessarily. You can be any age. You need a pair of binoculars and you'll go out when you have spare time and you'll look for different birds.


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[Assistant] Uhm, you might even keep a list of all the different types of birds that you have seen.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but bird watching is something I have not done.


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[Assistant] But I think I could do this someday. I think I might actually enjoy bird watching because I do like hiking.


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[Assistant] And it would be fun when I'm hiking if I had a small pair of binoculars with me to just look for different birds and then kind of keep a list of what birds I have seen.


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[Assistant] You're tired of traveling too? No.


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[Assistant] I know why you're here, Wukong.


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[Assistant] And I know that you are a fay.


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[Assistant] I've trapped the fake Wukong under this bowl.


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[Assistant] He wanted to be you because you're so powerful.


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[Assistant] Well hello everyone and welcome once again to an English lesson with me, Bob the Canadian. This morning we're going to be talking about gifts.


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[Assistant] In North America and in many parts of the world, we celebrate Christmas, which made me think I should do a lesson about gifts.


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[Assistant] This lesson won't be just about Christmas. We give gifts at many different times of the year. It is customary to give gifts for certain things. So in this English lesson, we'll learn about gifts,


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[Assistant] I'll teach you, uh, some of the words and phrases we use when we talk about giving gifts or what we sometimes call gift giving.


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[Assistant] Uh, and hopefully at the end of this lesson you'll know how to have a good conversation about gifts, uh, with someone in the future. In English, of course.


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[Assistant] So again, welcome to this English lesson about gifts.


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[Assistant] So the verbs that we use when we talk about gifts, when you want someone to know that you, uhm, appreciate them, you might give them a gift. We use the verb to give.


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[Assistant] Uh, in a few weeks I'm going to give gifts to my kids at Christmas. Uhm, uh, one of my kids had a birthday a few weeks ago, so we gave gifts to that kid.


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[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes it's nice to give gifts. It's nice to give someone a gift because it just makes them happier and it makes them feel better. If you don't believe me, a few weeks ago, uhm, sorry, a few months ago, Mode Eggs actually gave membership gifts to people. That was really cool.


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[Assistant] And then if you're on the other end, you're on the receiving end. It's nice to receive gifts. It's nice to receive gifts from people. But I'll just say this, the verb to receive, when you're, when you say that you are going to receive gifts, it's a very formal way of saying it. In fact, we usually just use the verb to get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to get gifts at Christmas. I hope I get a lot of gifts at Christmas. I hope I get what I want for my birthday. Uhm, I hope that when I get gifts on my birthday they are things that I think are cool.


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[Assistant] But be careful here. You could actually use this verb, uhm,


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[Assistant] Uh, you could actually use this, uh, verb in two ways. So I could say this. I'm going, I hope I'm going to get a gift for my birthday.


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[Assistant] Or I could say I'm going to get Jen a gift for her birthday. The verb to get in English is extremely useful. So it can mean that someone will give me gifts. I hope I get a gift for my birthday. Or I'm going to get Jen a gift for her birthday. That simply means that I'm going to buy Jen a gift.


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[Assistant] So I'm using it in that sense. So when you get a gift for someone, it means you're going to give it to them. If someone gets a gift for you, it means you're going to get it. Hopefully I'm not confusing you.


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[Assistant] To buy is a simpler way to talk about it. I'm going to buy a gift for my friend because it is his birthday next week. I'm going to buy a gift. I'm going to go to a store.


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[Assistant] I'm going to spend money. I'm going to buy gifts for that person. By the way, today in North America and I think in other parts of the world, it's Black Friday. It's actually the second day of American Thanksgiving. Yesterday was American Thanksgiving and this is like a bonus day.


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[Assistant] Get two days for Thanksgiving. And this day is one of the biggest, if not the biggest shopping days, um, in America. So I'm sure Brent is out at a store lined up early to buy something new, uh, that's on sale for Black Friday.


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[Assistant] And then, of course, there are two words for gift. One word is present, one word is gift.


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[Assistant] I'm going to give Jen a present for her birthday. I'm going to give Jen a gift for her birthday. At Christmas, many people will put presents under the tree. People will put gifts under the tree. Completely interchangeable. You can use either. Uh, they mean exactly the same.


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[Assistant] And then of course, along with a gift, you might get a greeting card. So if it's your birthday or your anniversary, or if you have graduated from school, someone might give you a card.


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[Assistant] With the gift. The card is not considered a gift. The card is considered something that you give with the gift. And then often, when my kids get a gift, if there's a card with it, we have to remind them to open the card first because that's polite.


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[Assistant] If my mom gives one of my children a gift and gives them a card with it, sometimes our kids want to open the gift first because that's more exciting, but it's polite. It shows respect if you open the card first and you read the card to everyone who is there.


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[Assistant] A greeting card is something you will often give with a gift.


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[Assistant] And then just so there's some clarification, a gift card is not the same as a greeting card. A gift card is a card that you would give. Let me see if I have one in my wallet. I don't actually have a gift card in my wallet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I don't. But a card would be something like this, for instance. Uh, and it has money.


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[Assistant] Loaded onto it. I know the amount is stored in the cloud on a computer somewhere. But when you buy a gift card, it's like giving a person money for that thing. You could buy them a gift card to go to a certain restaurant. You could buy a gift card for their gaming console.


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[Assistant] But a gift card is a way to give someone money, but the money is actually in the form of a card.


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[Assistant] And then, a long time ago, and maybe still today, uhm, you might get a gift certificate from someone. Someone might give you a gift certificate for a local restaurant. And it will say something like this, this gift certificate is worth $100, uhm,


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[Assistant] And you can use it to buy a meal at this restaurant or this gift certificate is for this certain store.


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[Assistant] And you can go to that store and you can buy whatever you want. I used to get gift certificates, uh, as a Christmas bonus at work. Now we get gift cards. So gift cards have replaced gift certificates a little bit. So gift cards are more common now than gift certificates.


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[Assistant] And then of course, there's always just cash. Cash is always a nice way. Let me just open my, uhm, sorry, I didn't have my...


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[Assistant] Second monitor open. There we go. Cash is something that if you don't know what to get someone, cash is a good thing to get people. So cash is simply just money. When you give someone cash, you're giving them money. I put American money here.


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[Assistant] Because everyone recognizes American money. If you don't know what to get someone, if you don't have an idea for what gift they might like, you can always get them, uh, just give them some cash. Everyone loves cash.


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[Assistant] When you give someone a gift, you will most likely wrap the gift.


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[Assistant] The gift might already be in a box. If not, you might put it in a cardboard box and then you'll wrap it with wrapping paper. You want the gift to look good.


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[Assistant] You can buy wrapping paper for Christmas, like this wrapping paper. You can buy wrapping paper for a birthday. You can buy wrapping paper if you're giving a gift because someone just had a child. So if you're celebrating the birth of a child, you could buy special wrapping paper.


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[Assistant] But yes, you want the gift to look fun. You want the gift to, uh, have a cool look to it. So you will wrap it with wrapping paper. And the verb is to wrap.


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[Assistant] Or to gift wrap. So you could say, I'm going to gift wrap all of the presents. You could say, I'm going to wrap all of the presents. You could say, are you going to gift wrap the presents or just hand them to people? And you could say, oh, I'm going to gift, I'm going to gift wrap them. Um, we probably say to wrap more often, I'm going to wrap the gifts.


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[Assistant] And you might even put a bow or a ribbon on the gift. So after you wrap it with wrapping paper, you might put a bow on the gift. And if you want to make it look even snazzier, I don't know if snazzy's here today, but snazzier, like look even cooler, you might put some ribbon on it.


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[Assistant] So gifts don't always come in a box. Gifts aren't always wrapped up with wrapping paper in a box with a ribbon and a bow. Sometimes, uh, it's easier just to put it in a gift bag. Uhm, you put the gift in the bag and then you put some tissue paper on top and you're done. So if you ever are in a hurry,


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[Assistant] Uhm, but it's just a quicker and handier way to give someone a gift. You don't need to wrap it. It's not as fun to open a gift bag, but it's certainly quick.


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[Assistant] A gift basket is something that sometimes you would give to, uhm,


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[Assistant] Let's say you are a boss and you own a business. You might give all of your employees a gift basket if you sold a lot of stuff one month. You might give them a gift basket at Christmas. A gift basket is a basket filled with all little, uhm, gifts.


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[Assistant] It might have chocolate in it. Sometimes it has dried meat or crackers or cheese. It might have different kinds of jam or jelly. A gift basket is a fun thing to get.


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[Assistant] Uhm, the neighbor who does some of my field work on the farm, sometimes he gives all of his customers a gift basket to thank them each year. And there's usually lots of chocolate in it. I really like that gift basket.


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[Assistant] Sometimes you get a gift and maybe you already have that thing.


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[Assistant] Or maybe you get a gift and you don't actually like it. You can then return the gift. You can take the gift back to the store where the person bought it. And this is actually quite common and it's not considered rude. In fact, sometimes people will get a gift receipt.


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[Assistant] So when they give you the gift, you can take it back to the store if you don't like it.


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[Assistant] Let's say I buy my brother-in-law a gift for his birthday, and I buy him a really nice sweatshirt. I would probably give him a gift receipt


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[Assistant] Okay, sometimes it's rude. It depends what the giver of the gift says to you. Uhm, and by the way, a gift receipt is a receipt that doesn't say how much money a person spent. So you notice it doesn't have a total here and it doesn't say, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, how much money the person spent on the gift. But sometimes you'll get something and the person will say, I don't mind if you return this, here's a gift receipt.


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[Assistant] And I said this wasn't rude, but there are times though when someone will give you a gift and it would be rude. You would need to kind of understand the situation to decide whether it's rude or not.


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[Assistant] It can be really hard, uh, to know what to buy someone. So there are a few things that you can do. One is you can go on the internet and search for gift ideas. Gift ideas for a teenager. Gift ideas for my wife. Gift ideas for a grandparent. Gift ideas for a friend.


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[Assistant] Birthday gift ideas for a friend. Those are all things you could search and you would then find some information that another person has put together.


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[Assistant] To help you decide what to buy. Uhm, sometimes, uh, before Christmas, Jen and I will go on the internet. We'll, uh, open up a web browser and start to search for gift ideas for kids. And we might even put the age in. Gift ideas for a 12 year old or gift ideas for a 20 year old.


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[Assistant] Especially around Christmas, people might say, let's buy each other gifts, but everyone should make a list or make a wish list.


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[Assistant] And binoculars. My current binoculars are 30 years old and they've been dropped a few times. So they don't work perfectly anymore. But as you know, on my property, binoculars are very cool. It's nice to be able to see things. So I have made a list and made sure that, uh, Jen and the kids all have it so they can decide what I want.


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[Assistant] By the way, don't send me binoculars. One of my kids will probably buy me binoculars. So uhm, if you want to send me a gift, you'll have to think of something else.


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[Assistant] If Jen and I were going to get married, we would list all of the things we need on a gift registry or on a wedding registry or on a registry.


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[Assistant] And then people can visit that and see what you need and when they buy it they can check off that someone has bought it. They won't put their name. But this is very, very common.


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[Assistant] When people are having, uh, when people are getting married, uh, it's not as common for a birthday, but it might be common if you're celebrating the birth of a child. They might have a gift registry. Just a place where they list what they need.


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[Assistant] At Christmas, in particular, sometimes we have what's called a gift exchange.


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[Assistant] Sometimes it's hard to buy gifts for everyone that's coming to a party.


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[Assistant] Uhm, because there's too many people and not everyone has enough money to do that. So instead of buying a gift for everyone, you might have a gift exchange where you simply need to buy a gift for one other person.


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[Assistant] A gift exchange makes things a little simpler if you have 30 or 40 people coming to a Christmas party.


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[Assistant] We did what you would call to draw names. So sometimes a family will put everyone's name in a hat.


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[Assistant] I only need to buy one gift because I can't afford to buy 17 gifts.


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[Assistant] So, when you regift something, it means that you received it as a gift, you got it as a gift, and then a little while later you give it to someone else as a gift.


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[Assistant] So you can buy someone a gift. You can make something and give it to someone as a gift. You can also take a gift that you got from someone else and give it to another person. This can be considered rude.


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[Assistant] Instead of buying each other gifts, you needed to re-gift something. You needed to find something that you had gotten as a gift in the past, and you needed to give it to a different person. When you re-gift, you can see the line here, it says recycling at its finest.


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[Assistant] So re-gifting is very nice for the planet. It's nice for the environment because you're not


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[Assistant] Sometimes at work we have a gift exchange and then a year later people will re-gift some of the same gifts if it's something that doesn't go bad over time.


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[Assistant] So when you say someone has a gift, you mean they are talented. You mean they are really good at something. You might hear your niece play guitar or your nephew play drums and you might say, wow, they really have a gift. What you're saying is that


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[Assistant] Their ability to play that instrument is very natural and they're just really really good at it. You might say, there's another phrase too, to have the gift of gab. The gift of gab means that you're good at talking to people.


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[Assistant] We also use gift as a verb. This is a little more formal. You could say that someone is, someone is going to gift you something. And we often use this when we talk about someone's will. A will is where you say what happens to your things after you die.


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[Assistant] So you could say something like this. When he died, he gifted


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[Assistant] On my son's birthday, I'm going to gift him a new car. We wouldn't say that. It's correct, but it's very formal sounding. Um, but when someone, when you're talking about a will or someone, um, expressing their wishes for what will happen with their things after they pass away, we often use the word gift as a verb.


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[Assistant] Uh, you might be giving someone a housewarming gift at a certain point in life. When someone moves into a new apartment, or when they move into a new house, they might have a party. They might have a housewarming party. I think I talked about this in my lesson about celebrations.


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[Assistant] When you go to a housewarming party, it's a good idea to bring a housewarming gift. You might bring them a picture. You might bring them, I'm not sure what these two things are here. This looks like something you put the tea bag in after you make tea or a candle or a houseplant or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Probably these are towels, like dishcloths or something like that. When someone moves into a new apartment or a new house, they might not have everything they need. So when they have a housewarming party, uhm, or just because you want to help them celebrate the first time when you visit, you might give them a housewarming


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[Assistant] Aren't tourists where we go to Niagara Falls because it's just 45 minutes down the road from my house. So when we visit Niagara Falls, we avoid the gift shops because they're expensive and we don't need any more t-shirts that say Niagara Falls, uh, Canada. We have enough of those.


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[Assistant] I use this word earlier in the lesson, and that word is customary. And people are often curious about when is it customary to give gifts? Well in North America, you can give gifts at any time, but it is customary, that is,


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[Assistant] It is our custom to give gifts on these days. There's probably more, but this is what I think is a good list to start with.


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[Assistant] We usually give gifts when it's someone's birthday, so on a birthday. When you go to a wedding, you are expected to give a gift, usually. When someone has a child, when there is a birth in the family, you usually give a gift, sometimes before the kid is born and after.


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[Assistant] Uhm, many people will give a gift for a graduation if you finish school and you graduate. And then Christmas and Valentine's Day are very common as well. And this isn't the whole slide. There's Mother's Day and Father's Day as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can give gifts at other times of the year, but I would say this is an appropriate list to know when it's customary.


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[Assistant] To give gifts in Canada and in the United States and many other countries. Uhm, it's just customary to give gifts at those times.


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[Assistant] Well, hello and welcome to this English lesson about kids toys. I thought that since Christmas was coming up in a number of countries around the world that it might be a good time to talk a little bit about kids toys. This will be a lesson about toys that I had as a kid.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I do have to, uh, uh, say one thing though. The slides for this lesson are very colorful. I think kids toys are often, uh, painted or the colors are usually very vibrant and bright. So, uh, welcome once again to this very colorful lesson about kids toys.


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[Assistant] So blocks, probably one of the first toys that every child has.


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[Assistant] Is a set of blocks. Sometimes the blocks have the letters of the alphabet on the side. Sometimes they're just plain blocks like this. And they're the first toy you can play with where you can hold them, you can stack them, uh, you can roll them, you can throw them, just don't throw them too hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But blocks are a very, very common toy for a very, very young child. Often the block is made out of wood, so we would call them wooden blocks. When a toy is made out of wood, we use the word wooden to describe it. So, some kids have plastic blocks, some of them have wooden blocks, one of the first toys that you have as a child.


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[Assistant] And then another very common toy is a toy called Lego. I put this as the second slide because this was my favorite toy when I was a kid. When I was a kid, I can't remember when I got my first Lego set.


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[Assistant] But I do remember quite often playing with Lego. Lego are a collection of bricks.


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[Assistant] Click together and then they stick together so you can build things out of them. You can build houses. You can build little cars because you can get wheels for them.


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[Assistant] Uh, Lego is just a very, very fun toy. In fact, I think my mom still has my box of Lego from when I was a kid. I should go pick that up because maybe I should reminisce and build something.


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[Assistant] We also have what are called action figures. An action figure is a small figurine.


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[Assistant] That's made similar to look like something, uh, someone in a movie or a cartoon. So here you see the Incredible Hulk. This is an action figure of the Incredible Hulk.


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[Assistant] I didn't have a lot of action figures when I was a kid. Uhm, I did have toy soldiers when I was a kid. Uhm, but some people had action figures from GI Joe.


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[Assistant] Uh, when I was a kid and I didn't have one. I don't know if you know what GI Joe is. Uh, Brent from, uh, Speak English with this guy would know what that is. But yes, an action figure. So, uh, in this current modern era,


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[Assistant] Uh, you could, uh, have an action figure from the Marvel movies. You could have an action figure of Iron Man or Captain America if that was something you enjoyed watching.


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[Assistant] A puzzle. This is what I would call a classic toy. A puzzle is simply a picture that's cut into pieces and you need to figure out how to put it back together. When I was a kid, I had a lot of puzzles. Now, when you have puzzles as a kid, they have less pieces than a puzzle would have for an adult.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My mom loves to do puzzles, but they have a thousand or two thousand pieces. When I was a kid, I had puzzles like this. This puzzle has, let's see here, I think about 35 pieces if I'm counting correctly. That would be a normal puzzle for a small child.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I loved doing puzzles as a kid. They were a lot of fun.


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[Assistant] This I would say is one of the most common kinds of kids toy. And this is a stuffed animal. We also in our house sometimes just call them stuffies.


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[Assistant] And when I got older, my sister and I started to fight because we both thought the stuffed animal belonged to us. But I was pretty sure it belonged to me. It was a small red and white dog.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and still to this day, I believe that the stuffed animal that I had as a kid was mine. But my sister still thinks it was hers. Anyways, once again, a stuffed animal is a very soft toy. Uhm, almost, uh, has the same stuffing as a pillow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and a teddy bear is one of the most common kinds.


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[Assistant] And then we have of course all kinds of toy cars, toy vehicles. When I was a child, I had toy tractors. But I think most kids will have a toy car or toy truck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, sometimes they're big, sometimes they're small. I'll talk about smaller ones in just a moment. Uh, but definitely when I was a kid, I did have toy cars, but because we lived on a farm, I had toy tractors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As well. So just a car, but made really small for a kid or a tractor or truck, but made really small for a child.


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[Assistant] And we had a specific kind of toy car and toy truck when I was a kid. We would call them either dinky cars, hot wheels, or matchbox cars.


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[Assistant] So here you can see them. They were about this big. They were very tiny. I had a small collection of Hot Wheels cars when I was a kid. By the way, we have different names because I think Hot Wheels and Matchbox are the name of the company.


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[Assistant] And I'm not sure about dinky car. I think it's an older way to talk about it. Uhm, to talk about tiny little cars. They're all...


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[Assistant] The same scale. I'm not sure what the scale is but uhm, they were all about this big. They were a lot of fun to play with and you could get a track


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[Assistant] To drive them down and you could hook the track up to a table and drive, let your cars drive down the track. That was a lot of fun.


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[Assistant] When I was a bit older as a child, I had a yo-yo. Again, this is a bit of a mixture of uh, this lesson is a mixture of older types of toys and newer types of toys. We would say the yo-yo has stood the test of time. The yo-yo is still a very common gift


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[Assistant] Today, uhm, we have a couple yo-yos in our house. I do like doing a yo-yo. I should make a video someday of me yo-yoing. I think that's the word for it. But the yo-yo is a spinning


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[Assistant] Top basically with a string that you can throw down and then pull back up again. It's a lot of fun.


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[Assistant] I actually learned how to do the yo-yo when I was in university, not when I was a child. When I was a child, I had one, but I didn't really know how to use it.


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[Assistant] This is a toy that I never had. This is what we would call an old fashioned toy. This is a toy that people had many, many years ago, before my time.


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[Assistant] Like in the 50s and 60s, I'm not sure. I think my mom had a rocking horse when she was a kid, but I did not have a rocking horse. But certainly, uh, you'll s- if you watch an old TV show or an old movie, and if there's children in it, they might have a rocking horse.


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[Assistant] One of the other toys you get very early on in life is called a rattle. So this is anything that you shake that makes noise.


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[Assistant] This is a very common toy for babies. When a baby is able to sit up and hold things, one of the first things you might give the baby is a rattle, and that's why we sometimes call it a baby rattle. We actually just say baby rattle, but a baby rattle is