[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, just a few random things here too. It's quite common for older people to downsize. So we didn't talk about this, but one of the reasons people move is because they're in a big house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe they had four or five children and they needed a big house, but all of the kids are now older and have moved out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so the older couple might then downsize. When you downsize, it means you sell a big house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you don't need a big house anymore and you buy a smaller house or you move into an apartment. So I know that it's quite common. My mom years ago, uhm, she said, I think I'm going to downsize. All of you have moved out. I'm gonna sell my big house and buy a smaller house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So definitely a common reason to move as well for older people is they simply want to downsize. They want to live somewhere that's a little smaller because they don't need lots of rooms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we talked about this earlier as well. Uh, sometimes you need to relocate because of work. Uhm, as mentioned, someone mentioned that their bank manager or their dad was a bank manager and moved every four years. So in that situation, we would say he needs to relocate every four years because of work or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's say your dad or mom needed to relocate and you're starting at a new school, someone could say, why'd you move here? You would say, oh, my mom, we relocated here because of my mom's job or because of my mom's work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I'm not sure why this is the last slide. I guess because it has the word vital in it. I should have put this earlier in the lesson in terms of the theme of the lesson, but when you leave


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wherever you're leaving, once you load everything in the vehicle, you usually do a final walkthrough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you take everything out of your apartment and you load it into a truck or car or you take everything out of your house and then before you drive away, it's always a good idea to do a final walkthrough. This means you go back into the place you're moving out of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and you just walk and just check to make sure you didn't forget anything. So you kinda look around to see, oh, did we forget a box? Did we forget something somewhere? You do a final walk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I actually do this as well when Jen and I leave a hotel. If Jen and I stay in a hotel, when we are, the day we are leaving, we pack all our stuff up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then I usually just do a final walkthrough of the room. I just check to make sure that we haven't forgotten anything. Uhm, it's not nice to forget stuff, uh, when you are leaving a place for another place because then you have to go back and try to get it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm really glad to hear that that's something that concerns you because I think


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, there's been a lot written about people who feel they've been abused and harassed on Twitter, and I think no one more so than women and women of color and black women. And there's been data that's come out, you know, Amnesty International put out a report a few months ago where they showed that a subset of active black female Twitter users


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're receiving on average 1 in 10 of their tweets were some form of harassment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, when you think about health for the community on Twitter, I'm interested to hear specifically, you know, health for everyone, but specifically how are you looking to make Twitter a safe space for that subset, for women, for women of color and black women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think one that I saw that passed already quickly down here, what's Twitter's plan to combat foreign meddling in the 2020 US election? And I think that's something that's an issue we're seeing on the internet in general, that we have a lot of automated, malicious automated activity happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you think about that happening on Twitter, what are the things you're doing specifically to ensure that you don't have misinformation like this spreading in this way influencing people in ways that could affect democracy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But so there's not an amount of people that are scalable, but I mean, how many people do you currently have?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Displaying the top nest. We turn off our bitmap. We bring up the settings for the top nest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if the Fed, in trying to head off inflation, continues to raise interest rates as fast as it has, then the economy is going to go into recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if the Fed, in trying to head off inflation, continues to raise interest rates as fast as it has, then the economy is going to go into recession.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another type of variable that can be used in Petrel is a numeric variable or a numeric expression. So this is a demonstration of those. Let's insert a new workflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hit the apply button to put it down here at the bottom of our workflows pane. Start off again with a comment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, put an empty line to space it out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now one thing we're going to do is use the message log. And we're going to print things into the message log to show what our values are. So we need to clear the message log to start with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that is clear all messages here under information. Click that. Put it in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It highlights it, puts it down here. This will clear anything out of the message flow. Once again, for spacing purposes, I'm going to make a copy of my blank line and put it down. So now, to set a numeric variable, we use this numeric expression utility right here. So click highlight numeric expression, click on the blue arrow, it brings it in, puts it over here to the right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now all variables in Petrel Numeric and as we see string in another module.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We use message down here under the information again. Click on message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Use the blue arrow to put it in and we can say the elevation


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now it tells us the elevation is minus 2000. We can also put other things and redefine these, for example. So I'm going to highlight those three lines, copy and paste them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Change our message just a little bit so we know exactly where we are. The second elevation again is dollar elevation. Apply. Test. Run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again in our message log, elevation is minus 2000, second elevation is minus 1900.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can redefine them, we can set them explicitly like this or, and I'm going to bring up another workflow here, numeric expression. You can see quite a few things in this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Workflow. Setting it equal to the number equal to pi and minus pi. You can see you can get sines, tangents, rounding, absolute values, uh, exponential, powers, square roots, random numbers, normal numbers, things like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So once again we have a clear all messages up here at the top and if we run this, apply, test, run. When it's finished running, here bring out the message log again and now you can see all of the information


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is over there in the workflow has been printed out and you can see the different types of expressions that you can use for numeric variables.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where we're going to learn how to describe things, how to talk about things once again. This is part three. There are two other parts to this lesson that you can watch if you want to. This lesson in particular is all about verbs. I'm going to talk about verbs we use.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To basically talk about things, to describe what things are doing if you're a little bit confused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As soon as I get the lesson started, I think you'll understand what I'm talking about. So once again, welcome to this English lesson where I'm going to teach you a whole bunch of vocabulary words, a whole bunch of verbs actually that you can use when you're talking about things that you can use when you're describing things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first verb that I want to teach you is the verb to glow. When something glows, it means that some light is coming out of it. The best example I could come up with is when you heat metal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At a certain point when you heat different types of metal, it will get so hot that it starts to glow. So the metal glows. Let's do past tense. Yesterday the metal glowed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tomorrow the metal will glow, or the tomorrow the metal is going to glow. So when something glows, it means it's putting out


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit of light, usually kind of a dull light. I know that uhm, when I look in the distance and I see uhm, someone's Christmas lights at night, it kind of, you can see them glow. You can see a little bit of a glow coming off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to glow means to, uh, to put out a little bit of light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now to gleam is a little bit different. Uh, when something gleams, like this tray gleams, okay, this tray is gleaming. When you look at this tray, when light hits the tray, especially on the edges, you can see that the tray gleams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when something gleams, it's usually shiny and it's reflecting a little bit of light. Sometimes the river by my house can gleam as well. The sun hits the river.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, gleam is a verb used to describe a little bit of reflective light, uhm, or reflected light off of something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that is somewhat reflective. Something shiny like a silver tray. So this tray gleams. Yesterday the tray gleamed. Tomorrow the tray will gleam. Or tomorrow the tray is going to gleam when the light hits it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is something that I'm sure you're used to, something you're familiar with. When something vibrates, it means it moves back and forth really, really fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best example would be your phone. When you turn the volume down on your phone, your phone vibrates. So instead of making a sound, it kind of goes bzzz, bzzz.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have your phone in your pocket, you can feel it because the phone vibrates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Past tense, yesterday, the phone vibrated. Tomorrow, the phone is going to vibrate. Or tomorrow, the phone will vibrate. But in the present tense, you would say, the phone vibrates when someone calls me. So to vibrate, to move back and forth really, really quickly. So fast that you can hardly see it actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other day, the power went out here. Uh, the other day, uh, on Saturday, um, Saturday afternoon, uh, all of the sudden, the power went out. We had no electricity and so we got out some flashlights, but we also lit some candles. The flame of a candle will flicker. When something flickers, it means it gets


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, it gets brighter and then not as bright and it moves back and forth. Basically to flicker is the best way to describe a candle. A candle flickers, uh, last Saturday the candles flickered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if I was to light candles tomorrow, they will flicker or they are going to flicker. So when something flickers, this is my flickering hand motion. Uhm, but just picture a candle. A candle is probably the most common thing that you will see that flickers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's my flapping sound. I guess I'm doing sound effects this morning too. A flag flaps in the wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it is windy, a flag flops. Yesterday the flag flapped. Tomorrow the flag will flap. Tomorrow the flag is going to flap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But basically, to flap means to move back and forth, but also I think to make a little bit of a sound. When a bird flaps, you can hear them flap their wings as well. But to flap means to kind of move back and forth and make a little bit of a sound.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I made a video yesterday for my other channel and if you look in the background you can see the trees


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flay. Sway. Sorry, not flay. That's a different verb entirely. The tree, uh, is going to, uh, sway. Uh, so basically when something sways, it's usually something that is attached at one end


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then either because of the wind or for some other reason it moves back and forth like that. A tree in the wind is probably the best example. A tree in the wind will sway. It will sway back and forth. You can say it that way as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hopefully this has never happened to you. If you drive over the speed limit, you might see a light flashing behind you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the lights on police cars, the lights flash. Yesterday the light, sorry, the lights flash. Yesterday the lights flashed. Uh, tomorrow the lights are going to flash or the lights will flash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when something flashes, it means it's off and then on. Off and on, off and on. So when you see lights like this on a police car, they are bright and then they're off. They're bright and then they're off. They're on and off, on and off. Those lights flash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hopefully you've never seen lights flashing behind you, uhm, because it means you need to pull over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it means that the police officer is going to ask you some questions about what you're doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To blink. I think we've all seen this before. I know on my phone when I have a message, a little light blinks. Actually, that's not true. My last phone had that. My current phone


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actually a little icon appears on the top. But I did have a phone where the light would blink. Flash and blink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blink, I think we use for smaller lights like on a phone or on a microwave or on a television. Uh, you would say, uhm, the phone blinks or yesterday the phone blinked or tomorrow the phone will blink or the phone is going to blink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when something blinks, it's similar to flash. It turns on, and then it turns off again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, a person can blink as well, just so you know. But we're talking about verbs that you use to describe what things are doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a heater. I know some of you maybe live in countries where you don't need to heat your house, uh, but in this part of the world you do. And there are a number of different kinds of heaters. One of the cool things about a heater is a heater radiates heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That means that the inside of the heater is hot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That heat moves out, uhm, and it goes from the center to the rest of the room. It radiates. A heater radiates heat. Yesterday the heater radiated heat. Tomorrow the heater will radiate heat. Tomorrow the heater is going to radiate heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so basically it's when we use it a lot with heat, something can radiate light as well, but probably the most common example would be a heater. A heater radiates heat. The heat moves from the center out to the rest of the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to snag, if you're familiar with barbed wire, uh, we have barbed wire on our farm. When you climb over a barbed wire fence, the fence snags your pants sometimes. Yesterday the fence snagged my pants, tomorrow it will snag my pants, tomorrow it is going to snag my pants. But when the fence snags your pants, it means it catches on the fabric.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it can even make a little hole, but it means like this. If I was to climb over a barbed wire fence, and if it snagged my pants, it means to get hooked on the fence. It means that the fence has kind of, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has a lot of snow on it. The tent collapses when it has lots of snow on it. Or a tent collapses when it has a lot of snow on it. Yesterday the tent collapsed. Tomorrow the tent will collapse. Or tomorrow the tent is going to collapse. But certainly when you have a lot of snow on something,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It eventually might collapse. So the action I'm making with my hands is the act of collapsing. So when something is a certain size and then when something pushes down on it, it will collapse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eventually, if you don't turn the water off, the pail overflows. Yesterday the pail overflowed. Tomorrow it will overflow, or tomorrow it is going to overflow. When you put a lot of water in something, eventually it gets to the top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then it will overflow. So eventually it fills up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then when it gets to the top, when the water starts to go over the sides, it overflows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've had this problem in the flower area before where we are filling up a pail and we forget and then the pail overflows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a river definitely flows. The movement of water uhm, from one, usually from a small stream to the very end of the river, uhm, the water flows uhm, in that direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes you buy a shirt and you wash the shirt and the shirt shrinks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, last year I bought a shirt and last year I washed it and last year it shrank. Notice a little bit of difference there. No ED in the past tense. Uhm, if I wash my shirt tomorrow it will shrink or it is going to shrink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when something shrinks, it's a certain size, and then for some reason or another, it gets smaller. Okay? So all kinds of different things can shrink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me, the best example would be the shirt. When you have a shirt and you wash it for the first time in hot water, sometimes the shirt will shrink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not fun, because when you try it on, it's the right size, and then when you wash it, the shirt shrinks, and then it's not the right size anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you plant a tree, it is small, uh, but the tree grows, okay? Uhm, now notice the past tense, yesterday the tree grew, tomorrow the tree will grow, tomorrow the tree is going to grow, uh, but right now the tree grows. Uhm, when the sun shines on the tree, the tree grows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the summer when it has leaves. I don't think the tree grows in the winter. Uh, if you watch some of my other outdoor videos, you'll notice that the trees do not have very many leaves on them. So, it would be difficult to describe them as, uh, growing right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so we have expand. Let me just check here on my sheet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you have a balloon, if someone's having a party, when you blow air into the balloon, the balloon expands. Yesterday, I blew up some balloons, the balloons expanded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tomorrow I will blow up some balloons. The balloons will expand. The balloons are going to expand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you have something that's small and when you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fill it with air or water or something else. We would say that it expands. The balloons expand when you put air in them. They go from being small to being really, really large.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you let the air out, the balloon will contract. A balloon contracts when you let the air out. Yesterday the balloon contracted. Tomorrow the balloon is going to contract. Tomorrow the balloon will contract. When you let the air out of a balloon, it gets smaller. It contracts. Uhm, and if you do it right,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you, uh, pinch it a certain way, it makes a really funny sound like bzzz.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a really bad sound effect again. Uh, sorry for the bad sound effects today. But when you let the air out of a balloon, it contracts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you burn certain things, they emit things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you could also say that uhm, yeaah. You could say something emits radioactive waves. Uh, you could say the sun emits UV light. So when something


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Puts out something. I guess that's the best way to describe it. When something emits something, it means it is, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Either through a chemical reaction or some other function of the material, something else is, uhm, either coming out of smoke stack or coming out as light. Hopefully that made sense. I think that's my worst description so far. Yesterday the smoke stacks emitted


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, pollution. Today, the smokestack emits pollution. Tomorrow, the smokestack will emit pollution or the smokestack is going to emit pollution. By the way, uhm, I should have said yesterday the smokestack emitted pollution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and I actually have a fan blowing on me. The fan blows air on me during the lesson. Last week the fan blew air on me. Uh, next week when I do a lesson, the fan will blow air on me. The fan is going to blow air on me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but I use a fan and the fan blows air. The verb to blow means to move air from one place to another. And a fan is probably the best example of something that blows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, in English, you can also describe something that wasn't fun by saying it, it blows. You know, it blows when you have to go to a concert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can't see the band, but I know it's kind of informal. Stick with the formal definition, which means, uh, to move air in one direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the verb to sit, like right now I am sitting in a chair. Uhm, but you could also use the verb to sit to describe something that's in a cupboard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you come home from the grocery store you put your food in the cupboard and then the food sits in the cupboard


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically, the verb to sit just means to be in the same place and to not move. Uhm, so when you buy food, the food will sit in the cupboard until you eat the food. Kind of a funny way to describe it, isn't it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To hold. These are called clamps. I'm not a woodworker, but a woodworker tends to use clamps quite often. Clamps will hold things together. These two pieces of wood in the picture, uhm, are being held together with the clamp. A clamp holds the wood together. Yesterday the clamp held the wood together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tomorrow the clamp will hold the wood together. Tomorrow the clamp is going to hold the wood together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here's a phrase, uh, that we use to describe usually vehicles, but almost anything, and it's the phrase to make a funny noise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When my van makes a funny noise, I take it to the garage. And I would say to my mechanic, my van is making a funny noise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, tomorrow my van is going to make a funny noise or tomorrow my van will make a funny noise. When your van makes a funny noise, it's important to have a mechanic look at it and fix it for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And sometimes something will rattle. Usually it's the muffler.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes the muffler rattles on my van. Yesterday, the muffler rattled. Tomorrow, the muffler is going to rattle. Tomorrow, the muffler will rattle. When something rattles, it means it shakes and also makes a noise. So it would sound like this, like da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da-da.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's the best example I could come up with. But it means that something is shaking back and forth. It's moving back and forth and it's also making a noise. When something rattles, you should, on your vehicle, you should take it to a mechanic and you should definitely get it fixed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes a pail will overflow, but sometimes it has a hole in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pale leaks because it has a hole. Yesterday the pale leaked because it had a hole. Tomorrow the pale will leak because it has a hole. Tomorrow the pale is going to leak because it has a hole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, when something has a hole in it, it leaks. When you fill up a pail with water and there's a few holes, maybe you don't see the holes, they leak. The other day, I was talking to someone on Zoom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And my cup leaked. There was a small hole in my cup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when I looked over, I saw water sitting on my desk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have one tap in our house that I have to fix over the Christmas break because the tap drips.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When something drips, it means one small drop of water falls out of it every once in a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the kitchen sink drips in our house. Yesterday, the kitchen sink dripped. Tomorrow, the kitchen sink will drip. Tomorrow, the kitchen sink is going to drip. Uhm, and I think it's gonna keep happening until I fix it. So when something drips, you hear a little sound like, dink, dink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ning. That's the sound of wa- That's my sound effect for water falling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes, you, by the way, to pinch, you can pinch a person. It's when you take their skin with your fingers and you do this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you can also have articles of clothing that pinch. I bought a new pair of shoes a number of years ago and they pinched my feet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were too small. So that was the past tense. Uhm, last year I bought shoes and they pinched my feet. My shoes pinch my feet. Tomorrow my shoes will pinch my feet. Tomorrow my shoes are going to pinch my feet. But when something pinches you, uhm, it means it squeezes you and it hurts just a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it's really, really warm outside and you take something cold out of the fridge, sometimes water will form on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the water starts to run down the side of the bottle, we would say that it's dribbling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whenever something dribbles, it means a little bit of liquid is coming out of the bottom or is going down the side. So when something dribbles, the best example is if you take something cold out of the fridge on a really hot, humid day,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Water will form and it will dribble down the side of the bottle. Yesterday my bottle dribbled, today my bottle dribbles, tomorrow it will dribble, tomorrow it is going to dribble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To fade. Now you can buy jeans that are already faded. You can buy faded jeans. It means they're not as dark as normal blue jeans. But also when you buy blue jeans, over time the jeans fade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, uhm, you could say yesterday I hung my jeans in the sun and the jeans faded. That would be past tense. Tomorrow I will hang my jeans outside in the sun and the jeans will fade. The jeans are going to fade. Uhm, but definitely jeans fade over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you buy them in their dark blue and if you wear them for a couple of years,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The blue is less dark every few weeks. Every time you wash it, the jeans fade a little bit more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make a racket. So uh, what did I, what was the last one? To make...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make a funny noise, to make a racket is similar. When your car, let's say your muffler fell off and it was dragging along the ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That would be, you would say, uhm, my car makes a racket when I drive. Yesterday my car made a racket when I drove around. Tomorrow my car will make a racket. Tomorrow my car is going to make a racket. If your muffler falls off,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The power went out last week because it was very windy and power lines were knocked down. Uhm, but also, uh, things can tip over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have a bridge close to us and sometimes when it's windy, a truck will tip over.


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[Assistant] A truck tips over when it's windy. Yesterday, a truck tipped over. Next week, a truck will tip over or a truck is going to tip over. So this is a phrasal verb that means to go from being upright to being on your side when something tips over.


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[Assistant] When you knock a glass, the glass will tip over sometimes and then the water will spill out.


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[Assistant] To eject. We do not do this very often anymore, but a long time ago...


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[Assistant] We would put a tape in a VCR, and when you pushed a button, the VCR would eject the tape. The VCR ejects the tape when you push the eject button. Yesterday the VCR ejected the tape.


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[Assistant] Tomorrow the VCR will eject the tape. Tomorrow the VCR is going to eject the tape. When you put a DVD or a tape or a CD in a machine, when you push the eject button, the machine ejects that item.


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[Assistant] It goes from being inside the machine to being outside.


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[Assistant] Sometimes I go to the vending machine and normally I pay with my phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes I pay with a credit card or a debit card, but sometimes I have actual money. And when I put the money in, sometimes the machine rejects the money. I'll put in a $5 bill and it will take the bill in and then it will reject it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of rejects it too, but reject means to put it back out. Sometimes I put in a loony or a one dollar coin and instead of going in the machine, it goes through and comes out the bottom because the machine rejects it. Yesterday, the vending machine rejected my money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, right now, uhm, I don't actually use vending machines much. Uh, but the machine rejects my money. Tomorrow it will reject my money. Tomorrow it is going to reject my money. I probably shouldn't eat things from the vending machine anyways. It's probably a bad idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, interestingly enough, a light can light something, okay? So, when you have a light, the light lights the room. Sounds kind of funny. I'm using it as a noun and then as a verb. Uhm, but you can also say this. The sun lights the room. Yesterday, the sun lit the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tomorrow the sun is going to light the room. Tomorrow the sun will light the room. Uhm, but a light or something that emits light can light something else. Sounds kind of funny to use both at the same time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you close the room, the curtains darken the room. So when I close the curtains, the curtains darken the room. Yesterday, the curtains darken the room. Tomorrow, they will darken the room. Tomorrow, they are going to darken the room. Uhm, when something darkens an area, it makes it less well lit. If I turn off my light, it will darken the room. When I turn my light on, it will light the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To light means to make brighter or to have more light, and to darken means to make darker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think many people have a shower curtain or the door to their shower is made out of glass that you can't see through. Because when you're in the shower you don't have any clothes on. So the glass obscures your view.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can't see through the glass because the glass obscures your view. Yesterday it obscured my view. Tomorrow it will obscure my view. Tomorrow it is going to obscure my view. When something obscures your view, it means that you can't see through it. Uhm, and that's usually a good thing in bathrooms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are places where you can record music called music studios and they often have things on the wall to dampen the sound.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you dampen something, when you dampen sound, it means you make the sound less loud. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a music studio they put up sound dampening panels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The panels dampen the sound. Yesterday they dampened the sound. Tomorrow they will dampen the sound. Tomorrow they are going to dampen the sound. But panels, they, if you're outside the room,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if the sound has sound dampening panels, the panels will dampen the sound.


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[Assistant] And you won't hear the music very much. It will be much quieter. I think I should put up sound panels.


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[Assistant] In my studio because there's a little bit of an echo and I think I need to dampen the sound a little bit. The opposite is to amplify.


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[Assistant] This man has a megaphone. When he speaks, the megaphone will amplify the sound. Speaking into a megaphone amplifies the sound. Yesterday the megaphone amplified my sound. Tomorrow it will amplify my sound. Tomorrow it is going to amplify my sound. When something amplifies


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I don't know if you've ever had a magnifying glass, but a magnifying glass will magnify what you're looking at. The same way a megaphone amplifies sound,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A magnifying glass magnifies what you're looking at. Yesterday it magnified what I was reading. Tomorrow it will magnify. Tomorrow it is going to magnify.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a magnifying glass will make things bigger so that you can read them. Uhm, sometimes when you get old, it's hard to see things and it's nice to have a little magnifying glass so that you can make things bigger when you read them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, when a smoke alarm goes off, it alerts you. It lets you know that something is happening, usually a fire. When something alerts you of something, it makes you aware of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smoke alarm alerts you to fire. Yesterday the smoke alarm alerted us to a fire. Tomorrow it will alert us. Tomorrow it is going to alert us. Those are your past and futures. Uhm, but definitely if you have a fire in your house, you want to have a smoke alarm so that it will alert you that there is a problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have these switches at school and every few years a student will pull the fire alarm


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[Assistant] A lot of buildings have surveillance cameras and surveillance cameras record what people are doing. They kind of are like an electronic eye that can see what people are doing and it will record what they're doing and then later you can play back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can see that there are four different cameras that are recording.


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[Assistant] And this person can playback what those cameras have recorded. So the person who is observing what's happening can playback what they see. So yesterday, uhm, the camera recorded


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, yesterday we played back what was recorded. Notice it's a weird verb, right? The way it's conjugated in the past. Yesterday we played back what was recorded. Tomorrow we will play back or tomorrow we are going to play back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the grocery store, they have a little device called a scanner and the verb we use to describe what a scanner does is to scan. A scanner scans your QR code. Uhm, in Ontario, Canada,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're vaccinated, you have a QR code on your phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they will use a scanner. The scanner will scan the QR code.


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[Assistant] Uhm, yesterday the scanner scanned the QR code. Tomorrow it will scan. Tomorrow it is going to scan. But a scanner is a device that we use to scan things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As I go on a walk, what can I see? I see something yellow.


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[Assistant] Let's turn round and round when we see something red. Turn round and round, turn round and round. Turn, turn, turn around. Colors are a beautiful thing.


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[Assistant] Let's clap our hands when we see something green.


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[Assistant] Clap your hands, clap your hands. Clap? Clap?


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[Assistant] You can tell by, you know, this kid that broke the game that he went into an area of, of memory, of the computer memory that the programmer never envisioned they would end up in and that's why the program crashed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can tell by, you know, this kid that broke the game that he went into an area of memory, of the computer memory that the programmer never envisioned they would end up in and that's why the program crashed.


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[Assistant] I'm looking for something, uh, outrageous and exciting, uh, decadent, creamy. Something hot. I want something big.


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[Assistant] My three favorites would be Brian, Stephen, and Miguel. Stephen?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had a bunch of different experiences in my mouth, and I tasted his, the wonderful champagne, the pomegranates popping, and whatnot. Not to mention, he's very handsome.


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[Assistant] Brian. He was very, very sweet and accommodating. The reason I really liked his dish is because he had different textures within it. And he was very sexy himself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Steven and Brian just really didn't impress me a lot much. I thought Tiffany should have been there. Uhm, just based on her interaction with the party.


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[Assistant] The Very Lonely Firefly by Eric Carle.


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[Assistant] As the sun set, a little firefly was born.


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[Assistant] It stretched its wings and flew off into the darkening sky.


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[Assistant] And it flashed its light, searching for other fireflies.


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[Assistant] The firefly saw light and flew toward it, but it was not another firefly. It was a flashlight shining in the night. Fire out there. The firefly saw light and flew toward it, but it was not another firefly. It was a lantern glowing in the night. What is it? Hey, stop fighting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The firefly saw a light and flew toward it. But it was not another firefly.


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[Assistant] And all was quiet. The firefly flew through the night, flashing its light, looking and searching again.


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[Assistant] Now the Firefly wasn't lonely, anymore.


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[Assistant] Hey guys, thanks for watching The Very Lonely Firefly by Eric Karl. If you like this video, please click thumbs up. Subscribe to the channel. We'll see you again soon. Thanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we traveled back to the year 800 BC, in Greece we would see that merchants whose businesses failed were forced to sit in the marketplace with a basket over their heads.


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[Assistant] In pre-modern Italy, failed business owners who had outstanding debts were taken totally naked to the public square, where they had to bang their butts against a special stone while a crowd jeered at them.


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[Assistant] In the 17th century in France, failed business owners were taken to the center of the market, where the beginning of their bankruptcy was publicly announced. And in order to avoid immediate imprisonment, they had to wear a green bonnet, so that everyone knew they were a failure.


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[Assistant] Of course, these are extreme examples, but it is important to remember that when we excessively punish those who fail, we stifle innovation and business creation, the engines of economic growth in any country.


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[Assistant] Time has passed, and today we don't publicly humiliate failed entrepreneurs. And they don't broadcast their failures on social media.


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[Assistant] In fact, I think that all of us can relate with the pain of failure. But we don't share the details of those experiences. And I totally get it, my friends. I have also been there. I had a business that failed, and sharing that story was incredibly hard. In fact, it required


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Seven years, a good dose of vulnerability and the company of my friends. This is my failure story.


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[Assistant] When I was in college, studying business, I met a group of indigenous women. They lived in a poor rural community in the state of Puebla, in central Mexico. They made beautiful, handmade products. And when I met them and I saw their work, I decided I wanted to help.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With some friends, I co-founded a social enterprise with the mission to help the women create an income stream and improve their quality of life.


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[Assistant] We did everything by the book, as we had learned in business school. We got investors, we spent a lot of time building the business and training the women, but soon we realized we were novices. The handmade products were not selling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hoping that a miracle would happen, that magically a great buyer would arrive and she would make the business profitable. But that miracle never happened.


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[Assistant] In the end, we had to close the business, and that broke my heart.


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[Assistant] I started everything to create a positive impact on the life of the artisans, and I felt that I had done the opposite. I felt so guilty.


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[Assistant] I didn't know other failed entrepreneurs and I thought I was the only loser in the world.


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[Assistant] One night, seven years later, I was out with some friends, and we were talking about the life of the entrepreneur.


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[Assistant] I decided to confess to my friends the story of my failed business, and they shared similar stories.


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[Assistant] In that moment, a thought became really clear in my mind. All of my friends were failures.


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[Assistant] Being more serious, that night I realized that A, I wasn't the only loser in the world, and B, we all have hidden failures. Please tell me if that is not true.


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[Assistant] That night was like an exorcism for me. I realized that sharing your failures makes you stronger, not weaker.


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[Assistant] And being open to my vulnerability helped me connect with others in a deeper and more meaningful way and embrace life lessons I wouldn't have learned previously.


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[Assistant] As a consequence of this experience of sharing stories of businesses that didn't work, we decided to create a platform of events to help others share their failure stories. And we called it Fuck Up Nights.


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[Assistant] Years later, we also created a research center devoted to the study of failure and its implications on business, people and society. And as we love cool names, we called it the Failure Institute.


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[Assistant] It has been surprising to see that when an entrepreneur stands on a stage and shares a story of failure, she can actually enjoy that experience. It doesn't have to be a moment of shame and embarrassment as it used to be in the past.


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[Assistant] It is an opportunity to share lessons learned and build empathy.


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[Assistant] We have also discovered that when the members of a team share their failures, magic happens. Bonds grow stronger and collaboration becomes easier.


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[Assistant] Through our events and research projects, we have found some interesting facts. For instance, that men and women react in a different way after the failure of a business.


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[Assistant] The most common reaction among men is to start a new business within one year of failure but in a different sector. While women decide to look for a job and postpone the creation of a new business.


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[Assistant] Our hypothesis is that this happens because women tend to suffer more from the imposter syndrome. We feel that we need something else to be a good entrepreneur. But I have seen that in many, many cases, women have everything that's needed. We just need to take the step.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in the case of men, it is more common to see that they feel they have enough knowledge and just need to put it in practice in another place with better luck.


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[Assistant] For instance, the most common reaction after the failure of a business in the American continent is to go back to school.


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[Assistant] We're not sure which is a better reaction after the failure of a business, but this is something we will study in the future. Another interesting finding has been


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The profound impact that public policy has on failed entrepreneurs. For instance, in my country in Mexico, the regulatory environment is so hard that closing a business can take you a lot of time and a lot of money. Let's begin with the money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the best possible scenario, meaning you don't have problems with partners, providers, clients, employees, in the best possible scenario,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Closing officially a business will cost you $2,000, which is a lot of money in Mexico. Someone who earns the minimum wage would have to work for 15 months to save this amount.


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[Assistant] Now let's talk about the time. As you may know, in most of the developing world, the average life expectancy of a business is two years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Mexico, the process of officially closing a business takes two years. What happens when the average life expectancy of a business is so similar to the time it will take you to close it if it doesn't work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, this discourages business creation and promotes the informal economy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, econometric research has proved that if the process of declaring bankruptcy takes less time and less money, more new firms will enter the market.


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[Assistant] For this reason, in 2017, we proposed a series of public policy recommendations for the procedure of officially closing businesses in Mexico.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For a whole year, we worked with entrepreneurs from all over the country and with Congress. And the good news is that we managed to help change the law.


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[Assistant] The idea is that when the new regulation comes into force, entrepreneurs will be able to close their businesses in an online procedure that is faster and inexpensive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the night we invented fuck-up nights, we never imagined that the movement would grow this big. We are in 80 countries now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In that moment, our only intention was to put the topic of failure on the table, to help our friends see that failure is something we must talk about. It is not a cause of humiliation, as it used to be in the past, or a cause of celebration, as some people say. In fact, I want to confess something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every time I listen to Silicon Valley types or students bragging about failing fast and often like it's no big deal, I cringe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, failing fast is a great way to accelerate learning and avoid wasting time. But I fear that when we present rapid failure to entrepreneurs as their one and only option, we might be promoting laziness. We might be promoting that entrepreneurs give up too easily.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I also fear that the culture of rapid failure could be minimizing the devastating consequences of the failure of a business.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For instance, when my social enterprise died, the worst part was that I had to go back to the indigenous community and tell the women that the business had failed and it was my fault.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For some people, this could be seen like a great learning opportunity for me, but the truth is that the closure of this business represented much more than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It meant that women would stop receiving an income that they really needed. For this reason, I want to propose something. I want to propose that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as we put aside the idea of publicly humiliating failed entrepreneurs, we must put aside the idea that failing fast is always the best.


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[Assistant] We must remember that businesses are made of people. Businesses are not entities that appear and disappear magically without consequences.


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[Assistant] When a firm dies, some people will lose their jobs, and others will lose their money. And in the case of social and green enterprises, the death of this business can have a negative impact on the ecosystems or communities they were trying to serve.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means being aware of the impact of the consequences of the failure of that business. Being aware of the lessons learned.


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[Assistant] And being aware of their responsibility to share those learnings with the world. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well hello and welcome to this English lesson about confusing things or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Things that confuse people. Uh, wouldn't it be nice if life was just really, really easy? Wouldn't it be life if, life, wouldn't it be nice if you just understood everything when you first saw it or did it or learned how to do it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unfortunately, life doesn't work that way. Uhm, but maybe it's a good thing because it is always fun to figure things out, to learn how to do things, but sometimes as you go through life, you run into things that are a little bit confusing. So in this English lesson, I'll talk about those confusing things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I will, I'm not going to give you solutions. I'll probably just talk about the situations that are confusing. And if I have some wisdom to give, if I have some way to avoid being confused in those situations, I'll share that as well. But mostly we're going to have an English lesson about confusing things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be confused. So let's talk about the verb to be confused.


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[Assistant] When you are confused, it simply means that you don't understand something.


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[Assistant] The opposite. I like it when I know how to do something. I like it when I learn something and it's really easy to learn. But sometimes it's just, uh, something where you end up being a bit confused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of those things would be directions. I in particularly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I in particular love GPS because I never used to like getting directions from someone. When you get directions from someone, they tell you how to get somewhere. Like if I was driving and if I pulled over, I could say, hey, could you tell me how to get to the lake?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could you tell me how to get to the beach? Uh, and someone would say, you know, drive this way for an hour and then turn left on like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'm trying to think of a road name on Yonge Street and you will eventually get there. Uhm, but getting directions can be very, very confusing. Uhm, so my solution for this would be, uh, if you have a phone, use GPS. It simplifies things quite a bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The, uh, GPS app just tells you where to go and it's awesome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I find instructions can also be confusing. Uh, some of the furniture in my room, this desk, it's a little blurry, this little table, uhm, some of the furniture in my room came from a place called IKEA and it came with directions, it came with instructions, it came with, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, a sheet of paper that told you how to put it together and you have to follow the instructions. So notice I use the word directions there as well. We use directions and instructions interchangeably sometimes. Uhm, anyways, it came with instructions and, uh, those instructions told me


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How to put it together. So the solution I would give here, if you are confused when you're reading instructions, when you're putting together furniture, uh, read them step by step and follow them closely. I think that's the best way when you're building something with instructions to get it done properly. Recipes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I find these confusing sometimes because uhm, I don't always know


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I've bought the right ingredients, sometimes the recipe will have the measurements in ounces instead of cups or in milliliters instead of cups. We use cups here a lot. And so with the measuring cup, I sometimes find it a little bit confusing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't say that I find math confusing all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there was a time in my life when I was taking high level math at university and it was very confusing. When it's just numbers, I can do a pretty good job. When it's algebra, I can do a pretty good job. But when you get into calculus and linear algebra,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And all of those kinds of things, it's a little bit bewildering for me. So math is something that definitely people do sometimes find confusing. I don't have a solution for this one, but uh, just study math as hard as you can and do the best you can. If you don't have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A good mind for math, that's okay. You'll figure it out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sports rules. So this is something I find interesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know the rules for American football. I know the rules for baseball. I know the rules for hockey and basketball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But sometimes, uhm, when you watch the Olympics, they'll play rugby or they'll play Australian rules football or they'll play cricket. And some of you know those rules, but I find them confusing because when I watch the game, I don't know what's going on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's another way to describe confusion in English. When you don't know what's going on. Sometimes when I'm watching an unfamiliar sport, I don't know what's going on. And I think I just said, that's a phrase we use when we're confused. If you say, I don't know what's going on. I don't know the rules for this game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Filling out forms. This is something I do find confusing. I do not enjoy filling out forms. When you go to the bank or when you apply for insurance you have to fill out a lot of paperwork.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to fill out a lot of forms and it can be really confusing. Sometimes they ask for information and you don't know exactly what they're asking for


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes they ask for information from another piece of paper and you don't know where you put it. So filling out a form can certainly be something that's very, very challenging and very, very confusing. My advice for this would be if you're filling out forms at the bank, get someone at the bank to help you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or if you have someone in your family that's really knowledgeable about banking or insurance, have them help you fill out your forms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm always a little bit confused. I used to have a brother-in-law and a sister-in-law that lived in British Columbia and they were always three hours ahead of us. And then I know that people in France are six hours or five hours behind me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or is it the other way around? See, that's why time zones are confusing. I think I just got confused myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people are really good at understanding time zones. I'm not. So I think, like, uh, some of you who are viewing from Europe, if, uh, it's evening here, it's probably early in the morning there. But in British Columbia, it's probably only four o'clock in the afternoon. So time zones certainly can be confusing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then time change. So some countries observe time change. Some countries don't. We call it daylight savings time. In the spring, we move our clocks forward. And in the fall, we move our clocks backwards by one hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it can be a little bit confusing when that happens, especially if I'm doing live English lessons. Because for some people, all of the sudden, my lesson is at a different time of day by one hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So time change can certainly be a little bit confusing for some people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then technology. This is a general statement. I find setting the clock on my microwave confusing. Sometimes I find apps on my phone a little bit confusing. And I like technology. So I can't imagine how challenging it must be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For someone who doesn't really love it as much as I do. I love getting a new computer, but I still find it a little bit confusing sometimes to get it set up properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So whenever you sign a document or whenever you, uh, buy something, usually there's some fine print at the bottom. Uhm, sometimes like here we have a coupon for a store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then at the bottom, there's some fine print. So you might have like a coupon that says buy one, get one free. And then the fine print might say that you have to buy a drink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Piece of paper or document or coupon or form. There might be really small writing at the bottom called the small, the fine print and it might be confusing. We call it the small print as well, but I usually call it the fine print. Uh, foreign languages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Foreign languages could definitely be confusing. So if you are learning English, which almost all of you are, sometimes you probably find it confusing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know sometimes when I'm watching a French television show, I find it confusing. Uh, sometimes when I'm trying to read something in French, I find it confusing. Even though I'm a French speaker, uhm, sometimes I do find it confusing. Probably the most confusing thing for all of us is


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[Assistant] When someone speaks the language we're learning and they speak too quickly or they use a lot of slang, that's when foreign languages can get extremely


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[Assistant] Uh, difficult to understand and it can be confusing. My solution for this one would be do a lot of reading, speaking, listening, and writing. Do all four and things will be less confusing for you.


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[Assistant] Cryptocurrency, I do not know a lot about cryptocurrency. I don't know a lot about Bitcoin. I find the whole cryptocurrency world very confusing, so it's just not something I know a lot about. I think younger people probably understand this better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But certainly cryptocurrency is a new kind of digital money that some people use to buy and sell things. And, uh, I would just say this, that maybe it's the future.


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[Assistant] In English, when you say something's the future, uh, it means it's the next thing. Like, I think when people had horses,


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[Assistant] And they saw a car, they were like, oh, that's the future. The car is the future of transportation. Maybe this is the future of money. What would I say? Uh, just wait and see. That's my advice for if you are confused by cryptocurrency, just wait and see. Maybe it will become easier to use and easier to understand.


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[Assistant] Converting currencies. So this happens to me all the time because I talk to people who live in other countries and they'll say I get paid this many euros a year or I get paid uhm, when I buy a hamburger it costs, you know, this many US dollars and


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[Assistant] It's always hard. I'm glad we have the internet, and that's my advice here.


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[Assistant] If you are confused with currency exchanges or converting currencies to other countries currencies, just use the internet quickly. Uhm, I'm often converting, uhm, like I'll type in 70 euro in Canadian dollars and then the internet tells me what it is, but certainly, uh, trying to do it in your head is very, very confusing. Oops.


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[Assistant] Sorry, I just have a really itchy nose. Like, I don't know what's happening.


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[Assistant] It's kind of a weird thing. I'll try to stop doing this but I'll edit that out on the other video. Public transportation.


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[Assistant] When I lived in Quebec City, when I first moved there, this is a long time ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I was in my early twenties, I found public transportation confusing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have a really good bus system in Quebec City and I, it took a long time to learn how to use it.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a bus system and maybe there's trolley cars or street cars.


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[Assistant] Learning how it works can be very, very confusing. Once you know how to use it, it's very, very nice, but sometimes it can be confusing at first. My recommendation for this would be uhm, if you can find someone who lives in that city, uhm, they can probably help you learn how to navigate public transportation.


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[Assistant] Setting an alarm or clock. Now for this one, I will say this. This is confusing if it's a digital clock. The old fashioned round clock with the hand.


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[Assistant] Wasn't as confusing, but I know for myself, uhm, setting the clock on my stove, like we have an oven with a digital clock, setting the clock on the microwave after the power goes out, setting my own alarm clock. It took me a while to figure out what buttons to push.


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[Assistant] Uhm, in this case I would say if you are confused,


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[Assistant] And uh, it's hard for you to do that. I would say a good solution is re- read the manual or read the instructions.


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[Assistant] Historical sites. So an historical site.


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[Assistant] So this is one really good example. There are more examples around the world where we have historical sites and everyone's a little bit confused like how did they get these big rocks there? How did they set these big rocks up? They didn't have cranes.


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[Assistant] When they built it to lift and move the rocks. So sometimes an historical site can be very, very confusing.


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[Assistant] Taxes. This is the one where when I was making the lesson, I said to Jen, what else do you think is confusing? And Jen said taxes. So I'm sure this is the same in every country.


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[Assistant] It's always strange to figure out how much tax you owe, and I'm talking about income tax.


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[Assistant] In Canada, you need to file for taxes every year in April. You need to tell the government how much money you made and how much you donated and then they tell you how much tax you owe. And it's always a little bit confusing for me. The solution for me is I pay someone else.


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[Assistant] Are kind of both. They can be confusing, but they can also be very, very helpful. When you buy a camera, it comes with a user manual. When you buy a microwave, it comes with a user manual. And when you open the user manual, it tells you how to do certain things.


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[Assistant] What I find though is user manuals aren't always written very clearly. In fact, sometimes our user manuals are written by people who don't fully understand


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[Assistant] English. It's kind of interesting. So sometimes you will read things


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[Assistant] And you're like, oh, the person who wrote this is not a native English speaker or not a proficient English speaker. Uh, it depends on where it was made in the world, but yeah, it's certainly interesting. User manuals can both be confusing, but they can also be very, very helpful.


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[Assistant] Depending on uh, who wrote it and how logical they were.


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[Assistant] I hope when I teach that I'm not confusing people. I hope when I teach I'm helping people understand, but certainly I've had my fair share of classes that have actually been confusing.


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[Assistant] One of course would be my second calculus class in university. I found it very, very confusing. The solution, if you have a class that's confusing, uh, is that you should find classmates who you can study with, especially if you're in university or if you are an adult learner. Uh, if you can find people to help


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[Assistant] Not to help, but who you can study with, do homework with, uhm, especially if you're learning English, I think it can be very, very helpful.


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[Assistant] The opposite sex. So, I'm not sure if you're familiar with this term.


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[Assistant] It's kind of a funny thing. Sometimes people find the opposite sex confusing or hard to understand. What I mean by that is this.


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[Assistant] When I was a teenager and in my early twenties, I found it kind of challenging to understand women.


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[Assistant] I was very immature. Uhm, I think women when they're in their late teens and early twenties have trouble understanding men sometimes. And in English, we just say it's the opposite sex. I find the opposite sex kind of confusing. I don't know what makes women tick or a woman might say, I don't know what makes men tick. That means you don't understand exactly


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[Assistant] This is a lesson on confusing things, but I'm going to add people into the mix.


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[Assistant] So, I actually have a pretty good understanding of interest rates. Mostly because I had a lot of student loans. So I owed, uh, I had to repay my student loans and so I learned how interest rates work and that the faster you pay something back, the better it is for you.


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[Assistant] This would be another one where I would highly recommend, uh, in order to understand interest rates and to understand how that works. The banking system is to talk to an expert. It's always a good idea to talk to someone who really knows that area. It can be super helpful.


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[Assistant] This type of packaging. The really hard plastic packaging.


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[Assistant] That's really hard to open. I find it really confusing because I don't know, like you end up getting a knife or a scissors and it's dangerous when you're trying to get it open.


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[Assistant] That would be really, really cool and really, really handy. I know that I find uhm, that packaging not just confusing, I find it annoying actually.


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[Assistant] I almost break my scissors when I try to cut it open. You see how she looks confused and angry? That's how I look when I open packages like that. Politics. I will never


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[Assistant] Be mayor or prime minister or a premier. I find politics very, very confusing.


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[Assistant] I find the fact that they promise all kinds of things and then when you vote for them and they get in, sometimes they don't do them. Uhm, I'm not just talking about Justin by the way. I think Justin's great. He's our prime minister right now, but uhm, certainly the whole world of politics can be very confusing.


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[Assistant] So it can be very, very confusing. Politics for sure.


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[Assistant] Bosses and supervisors can be very confusing. I hope my boss isn't watching this, but sometimes your boss tells you to do things and it doesn't make sense. Sometimes your supervisor at work might tell you to do something and


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[Assistant] It doesn't make sense and you're like, okay, this is kind of confusing, but I'll do it anyways, but certainly bosses and supervisors can be very confusing. My recommendation is if you find your boss to be confusing, just be polite when you ask questions about what they are telling you to do.


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[Assistant] Buying a house. I don't know what this is like in your country, but in Canada, buying a house can be very confusing. It's different than buying a car or buying groceries. You have to go through a realtor and you have to have a lawyer and it's very, very


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[Assistant] Confusing. That's the word I would use for it. Uhm, when we bought our farm, we bought it from my mum and we needed a lawyer and we needed to sign all kinds of papers and we needed, uh, someone from the bank to get involved. So I would simply just say, do your research. If you're buying a house, try to make it less confusing and hopefully it goes well for you.


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[Assistant] Price of everything. This is something I find particularly confusing right now.


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[Assistant] I know that the world is coming out of a pandemic. I know that there are, that there is a war going on right now. I know that there are a lot of reasons why the price of everything is going higher, but it can be a little bit confusing for those of us that just want to live our lives.


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[Assistant] To understand what's happening. Uhm, in Canada the price of gas has certainly gone up.


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[Assistant] This is not a joke. Uh, this is actually low. The price of gas here is 202 a liter.


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[Assistant] Last week I paid 215 a liter and last week when I bought diesel fuel, I paid 229 a liter. So this is actually lower. They said the price of gas might go down. Um, but it's not just gas. The price of everything is going up and that can be really confusing because we don't always understand why the price is going up.


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[Assistant] Recycling can be confusing. I'm not sure what this is like in your country, but in Canada, we have a giant poster that tells you how to recycle everything and it takes a long time to understand.


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[Assistant] That you can recycle certain kinds of plastic, but not others. You have to do this with your glass. You have to do this with your paper, but your cardboard has to be separate from your paper. And it can be really, really confusing. And it worries me because I think people should recycle. Jen and I recycle, but I think if it's too confusing,


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[Assistant] People might be less likely to recycle. So I find the instructions a little challenging, a little bit confusing sometimes, but uhm, just work your way through it if you have the same problem. I think it's good to recycle.


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[Assistant] But when I travel, I like to travel with someone who knows where they're going or someone who's been there before. When I went to South Africa, I was able to travel with a teacher who had already made the trip once and that made it a lot less confusing. But travel can certainly be confusing. If you go to another country and you don't


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[Assistant] Uh, sorry, that's not what travel's about though. Travel's about having an enjoyable time and hopefully you can find a way to make it less confusing than I sometimes do. But travel certainly can be confusing.


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[Assistant] So this goes back to earlier in the lesson someone was asking about planets and orbits. The universe that we live in, uhm,


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[Assistant] I know, I'm pretty sure this is a galaxy by the way, or it might be a couple of small galaxies. I don't know a lot about space, but when I look up at the night sky, when I see the moon and I see stars, it's all very confusing. I feel very, very small when I do that and you wonder to yourself, what is


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[Assistant] What, what is the reason for me being here? Like what, what is being alive? What, sorry, I'm getting too philosophical now, but.


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[Assistant] Uh, the universe can be confusing. How do black holes work? Uhm, how do planets form and how do suns grow and die over millions of years? It's all very, very fascinating but it's also, uh, very, very confusing for someone like me who's not a scientist.


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[Assistant] And that brings us to this as well. Life can be confusing. This guy looks very confused and maybe a bit sad. Life can be very confusing. Uhm, if you remember when you were a kid, uhm, when you're a kid, things are a little more simple. Uhm, you don't have to worry about as many things, but when you are an adult,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You certainly can be very confused about life. Maybe you get a job and you get fired. Maybe you marry someone and you don't get along. Maybe other people make lots of money and you don't. Maybe you make lots of money, but you're sad. Life can be very, very confusing. It can be hard to figure out.


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[Assistant] Uh, what you should do to give life purpose. So I'll tell you what I think the secret is to having a better life and I'm 50 years old. I didn't know this when I was younger. I think you'll have a better life if you just help people.


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[Assistant] Uh, what the meaning of life is to help other people. So do that today if you can.


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[Assistant] Jokes can be confusing. Uhm, so here we have, uh, this is a character called Kermit the Frog. And it says when someone says a joke, but you don't get it. Sometimes people tell jokes.


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[Assistant] And instead of laughing, I'm just confused because everyone else is laughing.


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[Assistant] And I don't get the joke. In English, when you say you don't get the joke or you don't get a joke, it means you don't understand it. You don't know why it's funny and you don't know why everyone else is laughing.


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[Assistant] There have been many times in my life where someone has told a joke and I didn't get the joke. I didn't understand what the joke was about and I was just confused.


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[Assistant] Can be confusing. I don't know if my mom's watching this English lesson.


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[Assistant] But my mom is older and sometimes I find her to be a bit confusing. She does things in different ways because she's from an older generation. So you might say, ah, old people, they're kind of confusing. Why do they drive so slow? Why do they, uhm, let me see, what is something else that I'm not going to go into all the details, but old people,


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[Assistant] The behavior of old people can be a little bit confusing. Uhm, sometimes old people save food past its due date and they'll have food where you're like, oh, this food's gone bad. Oh, I'm saving that. And it's like, oh, you shouldn't do that.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and then we also have young people. I think because I'm 50, I find old people a little bit confusing sometimes. And I find young people a little bit confusing sometimes. Why are these guys just hanging out? Why, why don't they get a job?


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[Assistant] Why don't they do something productive? They look super happy, but I think sometimes I'm confused when I see young people, um, because I think, oh, when I was your age, I already had a part-time job or when I was your age, I didn't have money to buy really expensive shoes. Sometimes young people are kind of confusing.


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[Assistant] And then I think you'll like this last one here. Here we go.


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[Assistant] Driving on the opposite side of the road in another country. I know this is a long description.


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[Assistant] But when I was in South Africa, I found it very confusing. Uhm, I had to drive every day. Uhm, and I found it very confusing. I, I know it sounds really simple. Oh, the steering wheel's on the opposite side of the car and you need to drive on the opposite side of the road than you're used to.


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[Assistant] Uh, but it wasn't. So I think as I get older, if Jen and I travel more, when I visit countries where you need to drive on the opposite side of the road, uhm, I'll just get an Uber or something like that. I think it's just too confusing. And then when you forget, it gets dangerous, right? If you forget what side of the road you're supposed to be driving on.


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[Assistant] It's almost like a chem lab or something. America doesn't eat food like that.


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[Assistant] Is on flavor and functionality. The dish I've done is a dual-sauce lasagna that is finished by a colorful veggie medley. I've got an orange and purple cauliflower and a green organic broccoli. I want the adults to be able to eat it, I want the kids to be able to eat it. The dog can eat it if it's that bad. You know, you can put it out in the yard, but hopefully it won't be that bad. Try it, taste it, see what it, you know, see what you're getting from it. Enjoy!


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[Assistant] I definitely feel better because the women were responsive, they got it, I made my pitch. Instead of just doing a simple little fancy, brrr, you know, I did my thing.


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[Assistant] Steven was doing a fusion to Molly, blah, blah, blah. It's a TV dinner. These are working moms with kids. I just didn't see him focusing on the demographic.


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[Assistant] Andrea, like myself and others, we are staying true to who we are. So she does not deviate, and I'm really proud of her.


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[Assistant] Welcome to your first challenge. Chef Keller has given you an incredible opportunity to work in his kitchen. You'll have 30 minutes to hold down the line. This is going to be a tough one.


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[Assistant] If you can't cut it, Chef Keller will ask you to walk out of the kitchen. We're gonna find out very quickly who deserves to be here.


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[Assistant] There's no place for this. I guess we'll get to see what you're made of with the next challenge, I guess, right?


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[Assistant] Today you'll be cooking for a very discerning group of diners. I think you'll recognize all of their names, because this evening, you'll be cooking for each other.


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[Assistant] Everything is either overcooked, under-seasoned. She loves vegetables and organic foods, but it was just a big mesh of food. That's a mess. Yeaah. That's a mess. It was very disappointing.


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[Assistant] Ken, based on the dish you presented, we don't think you have what it takes to make it as a top chef. It was bland, and frankly, it just didn't taste good.


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[Assistant] This is a chicken shiitake roulade with an apple tonkatsu sauce. Just regular blanched asparagus and creamy wasabi mashed potatoes as my starch. And uhm, some soy ginger cashews as a garnish on the side.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Silence is one of the most precious conditions for humans, because it allows us to feel the depth of our presence.


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[Assistant] This is one of the reasons why the advent of electric cars has generated lots of enthusiasm among people. For the first time, we could associate the concept of cars with the experience of silence. Cars can finally be quiet.


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[Assistant] Peace in the streets, a silent revolution in the cities.


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[Assistant] Or think of everyone of us as we are walking around the city, we are absorbed in our thoughts, and we detach from the surroundings.


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[Assistant] Sound is one of the most wonderful gifts of our universe. Sound is emotion. And sound is sublime. And when it comes to car, sound is also information.


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[Assistant] These regulations have generated different reactions among those who favor sounds and those who fear the presence of too much noise in the city. However,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is one of my biggest challenge and privilege at the same time. I designed the voice of electric cards.


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[Assistant] We all know how a combustion engine sounds like. And we do actually also know how an electric engine sounds like. Think of the electric tramway.


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[Assistant] As soon as it moves, it creates this ascending, high-frequency pitched sound, which we call whistling sound.


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[Assistant] However, if we would just amplify this sound, we would still not be able to fulfill the legal requirements. That's also why we need to compose a new sound. So how do we go after it?


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[Assistant] Teaming with transients, cross-proposes and disarray. And this landscape


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[Assistant] Offers a great opportunity for developing new solutions on how to reduce this chaos.


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[Assistant] Since many people don't know how an electric car could sound like, I have to define first of all


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[Assistant] A new sound world. Something that doesn't belong to our previous experience, but it creates a reference for the future.


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[Assistant] Together with a small team, we create lots of sonic textures that are able to transmit emotion.


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[Assistant] The second one is a description of sonic variations. And the third one is the composition of sound genes.


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[Assistant] I transfer to a small sound entity, such as the sound of a car, the power of the emotion of music, so that sound can move so.


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[Assistant] Sound goes beyond the human condition because it allows us to transcend.


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[Assistant] Just like humans, where different bodies generate different voices, also different car shapes have a different acoustic behavior, which depends on the geometry and the materials.


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[Assistant] Propagate the sound outside by means of acoustic measurements.


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[Assistant] And just like a single voice is able to produce different tones and timbres, at the same time we produce different sonic variations within a space of eight words that I defined. And some of them are to me really important.


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[Assistant] And once we have defined these two aspects, we have what I call the identity prism, which is something like a sonic identity card of a car.


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[Assistant] And as a third step, we enter the world of the sound design.


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[Assistant] Where the sound genes are composed and a new archetype is conceived.


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[Assistant] And this is how it looked like. Sometimes the girl had captured several ways of sound to hit side walls.


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[Assistant] And last year I was asked from the Bavaria Radio Symphony Orchestra to compose ringtones that they were going to play.


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[Assistant] And now let's go back to electric cars. And let's listen to the first example that I had to show you.


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[Assistant] And now I would like to show you how a potential sound based on the sound genetics for electric cars could sound like.


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[Assistant] The sound that we envision through sound genetics allow us not only to celebrate this complexity,


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[Assistant] Well hello and welcome to this English lesson about cities. Now you might think, Bob, you live out in the country. What could you possibly know about cities?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I have not only been to some major cities, I actually lived in a big city when I was in university. So I do know a little bit about cities. I did a lesson


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think a year ago on the city versus the country, and I looked over that lesson and thought, I haven't done a lesson specifically about cities. So in this English lesson, we'll learn some words and phrases that you can use when talking about the city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure some of you or most of you live in cities. Not everyone lives out in the country. I know some of you do. But I think most of you will appreciate some of the words and phrases that I'll be talking about in this lesson about cities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Downtown. So when you have a city, it can sometimes be referred to as a town, although a town is smaller than a city, but sometimes a nickname for a city is to just call it a town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, and the oldest part of the city, usually the oldest part or the place where the city started many, many years ago is called downtown. So when you go to downtown Toronto,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like the oldest, busiest part of the city. Most cities will have what's called a downtown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, again, a downtown is the older part of the city where the city was founded, where the city was, uh, first came into existence. If you ever visit Canada and you're able to go to downtown Toronto, I think you will really enjoy it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some places also call it the city center. It depends on what country you're in and what city you're in. We generally in Canada use the word downtown, but I know there are a few cities that talk about the city center.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The city center, it's very similar to the word downtown. It is the central area of the city. It might have a town square, even though it's a city, it might have a town square. It might have a big open area where there's a market on Saturdays or something like that or festivals on the weekend, but downtown,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And city center are both very, very similar phrases and it will just depend on what city you are visiting. Depend, it'll, the city will determine what it is called.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many cities have a Main Street, so interestingly enough, listen carefully. Main Street might be called Main Street. The actual name of the most important street in the city might be Main Street. When you see the sign, it will say Main Street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you can also use this to describe a road that is the main street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But has a different name. In Toronto, the main street in Toronto.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, is actually called Young Street. It's one of the longest streets in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But most cities will have a main street, a main street where it's usually connected to the downtown. Not always, but it's usually part of the downtown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, Main Street is, uh, usually its name, but sometimes it has a different name. And I was gonna use another phrase there, the downtown core. Sometimes we add the word core when we're talking about the downtown area of a city. So in the downtown core, you will usually find Main Street in most cities. You might also live on the outskirts, the outskirts of town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right beside houses. So the outskirts are located right where the city ends. Sometimes you'll talk to someone and say, uhm, I'd like to visit you. Where do you live? And they'll say, oh, I live on the outskirts of the city. Take this road and you will eventually see my house. If you see fields, you've gone too far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, usually housing on the outskirts of the city, uh, is relatively new. So a lot of times newer houses will be found on the outskirts of the city. Because as the city grows, they expand into the surrounding countryside. And we also have something called the suburbs. The suburbs are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A residential area. I'll talk about the word residential in a bit. It's a place where people live. Cities have many different areas, many different zones or districts, but what we call the suburbs is the place where a lot of people live.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The place where most people live in a city, uh, is usually outside of the downtown area and we call it the suburbs. And the suburbs can be close to the outskirts of the city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might find a particular kind of neighborhood there which is called a subdivision. A subdivision is a place where they build roads and houses. Sometimes the houses, especially in Canadian subdivisions, look very, very similar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they try to build a lot of houses with a similar style to keep the costs down. When every house or every other house has the same design, it's a little cheaper to build those houses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you might find subdivisions. I'm sure, uh, a few of you live in a subdivision. I know many of you live in the city in an apartment building, but I imagine some of you live, uh, in a subdivision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm gonna talk a little bit about the different areas of the city. So you have a residential area, which I mentioned earlier. This will depend on how your city was designed. Some cities mix all of the areas together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in newer cities in North America, they were very deliberate about having residential areas where people live. So a residential area contains houses, apartment buildings, et cetera, and it's a place where people live.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A commercial area is a place where you'll find lots of stores.