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[Assistant] Spraying and flowing out across the valley at around 5 cubic meters per second.


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[Assistant] The Geldinger-Daler eruption is located within a sheltered valley away from any settlements or infrastructure. But over the coming weeks, more fissures open up and the lava field begins to grow.


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[Assistant] As the eruptions continue, Sol Ron returns to the peninsula to assess the damage and get a glimpse of this rare event.


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[Assistant] While molten rock continues to erupt from the main fissure.


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[Assistant] The spreading lava turns black as it cools and stretches across the landscape.


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[Assistant] From above, it's possible to see the extent of the destructive flood of volcanic rock.


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[Assistant] Solrun maps the flow, anxious to see if her archaeological sites are safe.


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[Assistant] Experts don't know how long these eruptions will continue.


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[Assistant] The drone images of these ancient sites will be saved forever.


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[Assistant] Each year, more than 2 million people from across the world visit Iceland.


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[Assistant] In spring, they come to immerse themselves in Iceland's incredible natural beauty.


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[Assistant] And vast waterfalls, like Dettie Foss, in the Vat Nayakut National Park.


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[Assistant] But for some locals, simply gazing at Iceland's geological wonders isn't enough.


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[Assistant] In spring, an aerial view of Iceland's south coast shows fingers of ice.


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[Assistant] That snake downhill from the nation's biggest glacier A closer look


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[Assistant] Here, glacial meltwater fills vast lagoons.


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[Assistant] This otherworldly landscape provides the perfect training ground for champion ice swimmer, Birna Hrun.


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[Assistant] Before she can take a dip, Birna must check the temperature of the water.


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[Assistant] Professional ice swimming requires competitors to race in water cooler than five degrees. But if it's too cold, her body could go into shock.


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[Assistant] The outlet glaciers, trailing into these lakes, move up to one meter per day.


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[Assistant] And enormous glittering icebergs carve off the front. They eventually float out to sea, or end up stranded on the beaches.


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[Assistant] But ice swimming like this is extremely dangerous to the uninitiated. It takes expert tuition.


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[Assistant] Biena won the 1000m freestyle event for her age group at the Ice Swimming World Cup. But for her, the sport is about much more than winning medals.


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[Assistant] Birna heads back to the shoreline to warm up and take in the spectacular scenery.


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[Assistant] As temperatures rise and the ice continues to melt,


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[Assistant] Icelanders celebrate longer days with communal events.


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[Assistant] And they take to the streets of the nation's busy capital Reykjavik for the annual marathon. As summer arrives.


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[Assistant] Reykjavik is home to more than half of Iceland's 360,000 population.


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[Assistant] This historic trading town was established over a thousand years ago.


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[Assistant] And today is famous for its thriving cultural scene and its multicolored skyline.


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[Assistant] The introduction of corrugated iron in the 19th century made practical and colourful weatherproofing that transformed Icelandic architecture.


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[Assistant] There's one building though, that stands out in this kaleidoscopic city.


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[Assistant] Reykjavík's harbour sits on the edge of the modern city centre.


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[Assistant] It's packed with infrastructure that dates back a hundred years. But a closer look reveals something that glints in the light.


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[Assistant] And its color appears to transform throughout the day as the sun tracks across the sky.


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[Assistant] Its famous glass facade is the result of a collaboration with the world famous artist Oliver Eliasson, making the building as much a work of art as it is a functional concert hall.


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[Assistant] It rests on the shoulders of Frér Ingy Björnsson and his colleague Eithor to keep this enormous work of art shining.


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[Assistant] Today they're gearing up to clean the Hall's massive north wall that points out to the Atlantic Ocean.


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[Assistant] Soaring high above the Harper Concert Hall, our exclusive aerial view reveals the scale of the challenge to clean the windows.


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[Assistant] The north side of Harper is 43 meters tall and hangs directly over the water of the harbor. The team requires a daredevil approach.


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[Assistant] They work from top to bottom, but they're restricted by the reach of their long ropes. So each time they finish a vertical run,


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[Assistant] Freyr and Aethor must repel into a waiting boat.


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[Assistant] And then run back up to the roof to move their anchor points and start on the next strip of glass.


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[Assistant] The team needs to work quickly and make the most of a sunny day. Even in summer, the weather here can be unpredictable. If the wind picks up, they'll be forced to down tools.


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[Assistant] The glass exterior conceals an engineering secret.


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[Assistant] Inside stand four huge concrete concert halls.


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[Assistant] The glass exterior is entirely separate from its musical interior.


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[Assistant] It's effectively dropped over the top, like an upturned box.


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[Assistant] And locks into the thick concrete slab at ground level. To create a colourful reflective cover over the strong grey interior.


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[Assistant] This innovative design allows the maximum amount of sunlight into the building.


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[Assistant] After a hard day's work, Frère has completed cleaning this section of the north side of the concert hall.


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[Assistant] Thanks to Freyr, Iceland's modern marvel will shine brightly for another season.


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[Assistant] There's one tradition that's been practiced ever since the Vikings first arrived.


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[Assistant] The volcanic geology here creates natural hot springs right across the country.


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[Assistant] The first communal bathing pools were constructed in the 13th century.


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[Assistant] And today, thermal pools are important social hubs.


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[Assistant] Iceland is a world leader in the development and use of geothermal energy. Heating plants dot the country, warming nine out of every ten homes in the nation.


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[Assistant] From above, the western shore of Läugervaten Lake appears to be almost on fire.


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[Assistant] But this is rising steam produced by boiling hot black sands.


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[Assistant] And these chimneys are part of the pumping system for the hot baths on the edge of the lake.


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[Assistant] For traditional Icelandic baker Siggy Rapp Hilmarsson, this steaming hot beach is the key to creating his popular rye bread.


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[Assistant] He uses the geothermal heat produced by magma close to the Earth's surface to cook his loaves. Just as his grandmother did, and her grandmother before her.


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[Assistant] Sigi bakes around 70 loaves of the traditional Kwerabruth every week.


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[Assistant] The sands are almost a hundred degrees celsius and stay hot all year round.


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[Assistant] Sigi digs a hole for his fresh dough, which he seals in a metal pot.


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[Assistant] It's time for Sigi to dig up the loaves he buried yesterday. And check nature has done its work.


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[Assistant] It's a long tradition to share this tasty geothermal bread with visitors from afar. But the villagers of Leugewarten enjoy it too.


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[Assistant] As the long warm days of August slip away.


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[Assistant] Oranges and browns paint the fertile lowlands.


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[Assistant] Iceland's advanced modern economy has propelled it to become one of Europe's richest countries per capita.


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[Assistant] Tourism has boomed to become its largest sector. But abundant cheap energy means power hungry aluminium production is its largest goods export. The traditional fishing industry


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[Assistant] And it accounts for 40% of the nation's export revenue.


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[Assistant] Iceland's northern frontier is a landscape dominated by tall mountains. There are few towns in this inaccessible region.


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[Assistant] But a closer look reveals green finger-like valleys running out in all directions.


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[Assistant] These sheltered grassy rifts are an oasis for an animal that outnumbers the people living here.


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[Assistant] Our unique aerial perspective is the best way to track them in this vast landscape. The ancestors of these small resilient animals first arrived in Iceland with Viking settlers.


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[Assistant] They roam free over these remote rocky mountains all summer, breeding and growing strong.


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[Assistant] Although they appear to be wild for most of the year, each horse has an owner.


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[Assistant] And as summer draws to a close, the farmers must round up the horses they own and take them to the lowlands to shelter through the brutal winter.


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[Assistant] Haldor Stengrimsen and his family have farmed here for many generations.


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[Assistant] Haldor and the other farmers get together to round up all the horses.


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[Assistant] The horses Haldor and his colleagues are gathering today are grazing on the other side of the river.


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[Assistant] A few of the farmers ride in a wide arc to get behind the herd.


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[Assistant] It's delicate work. If the herd is spooked, it may bolt in the wrong direction.


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[Assistant] The herd of over 450 horses starts moving. Some try to break away. But the riders are ready.


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[Assistant] A few are stationed to flank the herd, driving them back across the river.


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[Assistant] After two hours of hard riding, the herders and horses near the holding pen.


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[Assistant] This round pen is called a corral, a fenced off field with a clever circular system used for separating the horses.


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[Assistant] A channel funnels the horses into the central arena.


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[Assistant] Where Haldor starts the tricky job of identifying and separating his animals.


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[Assistant] They easily recognize their own after a long summer.


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[Assistant] After two hours work, Haldor has identified all 50 horses in his herd, and is the last to lead them out of the corral.


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[Assistant] He'll keep them safe in the lowlands during the harsh winter. Until they return to the mountains next year.


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[Assistant] Flying high over Iceland reveals a landscape unlike anywhere else in Europe.


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[Assistant] Black volcanic sand covers the beaches at Vique in the south.


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[Assistant] Basalt column cliffs surround the beautiful Aldea Foss waterfall.


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[Assistant] And weird moss-covered lava fields extend from the larky fissure.


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[Assistant] These otherworldly landscapes are the inspiration for one of Iceland's most iconic works of architecture.


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[Assistant] The founders of Iceland's busy capital Reykjavik built it safe from the nation's geological hotspots. But a closer look at the city center...


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[Assistant] Reveals a hilltop structure that provides a constant reminder of the nation's volcanic heartlands.


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[Assistant] Perched on a hill, the church's iconic concrete steeple soars 74 meters above the city. It is one of Iceland's tallest buildings and looks like no other church on earth, thanks to its flowing volcanic features.


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[Assistant] Today, church director Sigridur Hjalmasdottir is organizing the repairs of two enormous windows.


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[Assistant] The hill that the church stands on is exposed to strong wind and rain that batters Reykjavik in the winter.


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[Assistant] Today, the repair team must fix the leaking seal between the windows and the wall before the winter rains hit.


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[Assistant] Sigridor ensures every detail matches the original design of this masterpiece perfectly.


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[Assistant] The design of the tall hexagonal pillars that frame the windows and church are inspired by volcanic rock formations found across the country.


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[Assistant] They form when thick lava slowly cools and then fractures in a repeating pattern.


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[Assistant] Our aerial cameras reveal the distinct hexagonal structure of the church's tall columns. Just as architect Gudjon Samuelsson planned.


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[Assistant] The repair team carefully remove the old damaged window seals. Repair the walls around them. Then reseal the edges.


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[Assistant] Sigridur's restoration team ensure this magnificent building's intended design is preserved.


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[Assistant] As daylight slips away, the church acts as a beacon, shining over the entire capital.


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[Assistant] Iceland is a land of drama and beauty.


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[Assistant] Shaped by explosive heat and flowing ice.


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[Assistant] Europe's land of fire and ice is a contrast of old traditions and striking modern wonders.


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[Assistant] Creating the great nation that we see today.


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[Assistant] Kvildal is such a beautiful scenery with the high mountains and the beautiful fjords. It really gives extra inspiration and energy to come here.


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[Assistant] It's really amazing that these bars can be built in such a short time.


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[Assistant] I'm really proud of being part of this iconic project where we help making a more climate friendly energy system.


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[Assistant] This was the only place in the world that they produced heavy water at an industrial scale.


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[Assistant] It's a story about how saboteurs risk their lives for other people and freedom and democracy. And, uh, that makes them heroes to me.


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[Assistant] I remember my grandmother baking here and also I especially remember how my grandfather was very happy when we had this bread. And he had this rule with it, this thickness of bread, same of butter.


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[Assistant] When the sugar and the rye caramelize together, it gives this unique flavor that makes this bread really special.


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[Assistant] It's really important to, to keep this tradition going on and, uh, generation from a generation, you know.


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[Assistant] Companions are causing trouble for me. Calm down, Master, said Wukong.


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[Assistant] But we must wait until the great immortal is asleep.


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[Assistant] I can sit on that frying pan all day and not get hurt at all. But the Tang monk is mortal. He'll be burned to a crisp!


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[Assistant] What I want to do in this video is explain what parallax, what parallax actually is and then


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[Assistant] We're going to think about how we can use the parallax of nearby stars to figure out how far they actually are away from us. So parallax really is just the apparent change in position of something based on a different line of sight.


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[Assistant] So when you see that, if you just look at, if you just, while you're looking at it at a car, you're gonna see that depending on how far different things are from you, it looks like they're moving relative to each other. Right now I'm looking at my computer monitor and if I move my head around or shake my head around,


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[Assistant] It looks like the wall behind the computer monitor is moving relative to the computer monitor. We've all experienced this.


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[Assistant] Means when looking at stars. So let me draw.


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[Assistant] Let me draw the sun here, and obviously none of this is drawn to scale.


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[Assistant] So let me draw the sun here. And let me draw the earth at some point in its orbit around the sun. And we're gonna pretend like we're looking from above the solar system. So the earth will be rotating, the earth will be rotating in this direction right over here.


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[Assistant] And let's say the star that we care about, the star that we care about is right over here.


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[Assistant] The star that we care about is right over here. Obviously, clearly not drawn to scale. And what we're gonna do


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[Assistant] Is we're going to wait to the point in the year, so the point in our orbit around the earth, so that right at dawn, so we're sitting right here on the surface of the earth, and just to simplify things, we're on the equator, and let's say that this is, this star is roughly in the plane of our solar system. So we're sitting right here.


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[Assistant] We're sitting right here on the equator. And then right at dawn, right when the first light of the sun


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[Assistant] Right when the first light of the sun begins to reach me, remember right now the sun is lighting up this side of the earth. So right when the first light of the sun is reaching me, I'm looking, I'm looking straight up.


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[Assistant] So if I look straight up right when the first light of the sun is reaching me, and I look straight up,


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[Assistant] I look straight up like that. I will be looking in that direction.


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[Assistant] Now, so let's say that that direction that I'm looking at is this direction right over here.


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[Assistant] And let me make it clear, this is a separate part of the diagram here. This isn't the diagram of the, maybe I should do it.


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[Assistant] Maybe I'll do it over here. So if I'm looking at, if the night sky looks like this.


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[Assistant] If I look straight up, I'm looking in this direction. So where would this star be relative to straight up? Well, straight up's going to be like that. The sun is right, the sun is right, the way I drew it right here, right to my left. Straight up is just like that. The sun is just coming over the horizon. This star right here, the apparent position of this star relative to straight up,


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[Assistant] Is going to be at some angle, at some angle to the left of straight up. It's going to be right over there. And obviously a star won't be that big relative to your entire field of vision, but you get the idea. Maybe I'll draw it a little bit smaller than like, just like that. So there's going to be some angle here. And this angle, whatever it is, I don't know, let's just call it


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[Assistant] Let's just call it theta. That's going to be the same angle as this. And when I talk about the angle, I'm talking about if you measure from one side of the horizon to the other side of the horizon, you're essentially looking around halfway around the earth, that would be 180 degrees. So you could literally measure what this angle is right over here.


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[Assistant] Now, let's say we waited six months. Six months, what's going to happen? Six months, we're going to be on this side of the


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[Assistant] We're going to be on this side of the sun. Our distance, we're assuming that our distance is relatively constant at one astronomical unit.


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[Assistant] Now what happens? If we wait, remember the sun, the earth is rotating, the earth is rotating like this. So if we wait right at sunset, right when the last glimpse of the sun has just gone away, because you can remember right now, right now the sun is illuminating this side of the earth.


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[Assistant] The sun is going to be illuminating that side of the earth. So if we're sitting right at the equator, right over there, right when the sun is just setting, we look straight up.


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[Assistant] Right when the sun is just setting, we look straight up. Let me do that in the same color. We look straight up.


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[Assistant] So six months later when we look straight up, where is the star relative to straight up? Well now, the star will be to the right.


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[Assistant] It'll be in the direction. So let me be, this is our field of vision. If this is our field of vision six months later, now the sun is setting.


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[Assistant] Now the sun is setting all the way to the right on the right horizon. And if we look straight up, this star now, this star now is going to be to the right, is going to be to the right of straight up.


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[Assistant] So what just happened here? Well it looks like relative to straight up, and we're looking at the exact kind of position of the earth looking, we're looking in the same straight, we're making sure that we're picking times of year and times of day where straight up is the same direction, we're looking in the same direction of the universe.


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[Assistant] It looks like the position of that star has actually shifted. And if this was, let's say that this is, let's say this is the middle of summer.


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[Assistant] And this is the middle of winter. Doesn't have to be. It could be any other two points in time, six months apart.


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[Assistant] Then, when we look at this star in the summer, it's going to be over here. Summer, it's going to be right over there. When we look at the star in the winter, it is going to be over here.


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[Assistant] And in general, for any star, especially stars that are in the same plane as the solar system, you can find two points in the year where that star is at a kind of a maximum distance from center. Those are the two distances, those are the two times of year that you'll want to care the most about because it'll be most interesting to measure this angle. And I want to be clear, this angle here is going to be the same thing


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[Assistant] Is going to be the same thing as this angle there. You can see it's, it's symmetric this way. I mean, this is a, whatever this angle is going to be, and you can look at this, this is kind of a, this is an equilateral triangle, no, sorry, this is, this is an isosceles triangle.


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[Assistant] Whatever this distance is from here to here is going to be the same as this distance from here to here. And so this angle is going to be equal to that angle and that angle is going to be equal to that angle.


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[Assistant] What I want to do in the next video is think about if we're able to precisely measure these angles, either one of them or both of them, and let me be clear, if this angle in the night sky is theta,


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[Assistant] And this angle right here is theta. The difference over here is 2 theta. So one option, if you want to kind of make sure that your number is reasonably good, you can measure just the total difference that it is around the center and then divide by 2. But in the next video what I do is


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[Assistant] If you are able to measure the change in apparent, or the apparent change in angle here, if you were to be able to measure that, how would you be able to use that information to actually figure out the distance to this star?


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 1, The Monkey.


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[Assistant] From the beginning of time, a rock had sat high on top of a mountain.


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[Assistant] The sun, the moon, heaven and earth all work their magic on the rock. One day the rock split open.


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[Assistant] For a moment, the light reached the cloud palace in heaven. The Jade Emperor, ruler of heaven, sat up.


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[Assistant] He turned to one of his captains who was standing nearby.


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[Assistant] He looked out the southern gate of heaven and saw the monkey on earth below. The light was gone, but the captain had magical sight. He could see everything that had just happened.


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[Assistant] As time passed, monkey learned to walk, run, and climb.


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[Assistant] He became friends with all the other monkeys and apes At night, he slept under a cliff


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[Assistant] They all looked at one another and shook their heads.


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[Assistant] Why don't we follow the stream to find its source? That sounds like fun, said another monkey. Let's go, said a third monkey. Everyone jumped out of the water.


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[Assistant] They ran alongside the stream and swung from tree to tree.


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[Assistant] All the monkeys and apes looked at one another They shook their heads.


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[Assistant] I'm not going to try, said a tall monkey.


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[Assistant] Me neither, said a short monkey. A voice called out. I'll do it.


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[Assistant] Everyone moved out of the way as the speaker stepped forward. It was monkey.


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 2, The Waterfall Cave.


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[Assistant] Monkeys flashed through the waterfall and landed in a large cave.


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[Assistant] The cave was filled with bamboo trees and beautiful flowers. Moss covered the walls.


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[Assistant] Monkey found a long table with bowls, cups and plates. A fireplace sat against one wall.


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[Assistant] Deeper in the cave, Monkey found bedrooms with cozy beds.


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[Assistant] Outside. The other monkeys and apes were looking at the waterfall.


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[Assistant] You're alive, said the monkey. Monkey laughed.


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[Assistant] Monkey jumped back through the water. Some of the monkeys scratched their heads.


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[Assistant] Soon all of the monkeys and apes were in the cave. Everyone ran around to see all the wonderful things.


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[Assistant] No! yelled another monkey. I did.


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[Assistant] Said the gibbon. He bowed to Monkey and said,


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[Assistant] During the day, the monkeys and apes played in the forest and the stream. And every night they slept safely in their cave.


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[Assistant] One night, the monkeys and apes had a huge feast. Fruits and nuts covered the table.


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[Assistant] Monkeys and apes danced and sang while music played. Monkey sat on his throne and smiled. But then his smile faded. Soon he was frowning. The gibbon saw monkey and rushed over.


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[Assistant] Monkey was quiet for a moment. Then he said,


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[Assistant] Said Monkey. The gibbon rubbed his chin.


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[Assistant] As the raft began to float away, Monkey waved to his friends


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 3, Sobodi.


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[Assistant] Monkey sailed over the ocean for a long time. Finally, he arrived at a new land.


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[Assistant] He walked for many years, visiting towns and meeting people. But he didn't find a sage anywhere.


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[Assistant] Eventually he came to mountains covered in thick forest.


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[Assistant] said the woodcutter. Thank you! said monkey.


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[Assistant] He waved goodbye to the woodcutter and ran up the trail.


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[Assistant] Soon he saw a temple built into the side of the mountain.


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[Assistant] Subodhi was sitting with his students in the main room of his temple. He looked at his oldest student.


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[Assistant] A moment later, Monkey was standing in front of the Sage.


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[Assistant] For the next seven years, Sun Wukong lived in Sabodi's temple.


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[Assistant] The monkey spent his days meditating, listening to his teacher's lessons, and doing chores. One day, while Saboti was giving a lesson, Wukong started to dance.


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[Assistant] Asked Saboti. Wukong shrugged.


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[Assistant] Said Wukong. Suboti became angry.


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[Assistant] He stood up and knocked Wukong on the head three times.


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[Assistant] None of the other students knew it, but Saboti had given him a secret message.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome back to another lesson here at EnglishPod. My name is Marco.


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[Assistant] Today we are taking a look at a guy who is, uhm, a little bit too afraid of people in general.


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[Assistant] Okay, so if you are paranoid, you think that everyone is, uh, wants to hurt you or that everyone is out to get you.


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[Assistant] Yeah, so a paranoid, somebody that is paranoid. Alright, so why don't we listen to this dialogue for the first time and see what this person is all paranoid about.


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[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so uhm, yeaah, I think this guy is a little bit too, uhm, cautious.


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[Assistant] Alright, the first word on Language Takeaway today is sicko.


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[Assistant] So if you tell somebody, you're sick, but like in that tone, right, you're saying, you're sick, you're a sick person.


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[Assistant] So it's not a nice way of calling someone crazy, right? If you say, oh he's a sicko, it's not really nice. Not at all.


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[Assistant] Alright, so sicko. Uh, moving on to our next word, we saw that the guy was afraid of... Telemarketers! Exactly, so what are these guys?


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[Assistant] So this is very common, you get a phone call on your cell phone and they ask you if you're happy with your long distance calling plan or if you need new TV cable or something like that.


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[Assistant] Very similar to these is uh, solicitors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they're also called door-to-door salesmen or saleswomen.


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[Assistant] Alright, very good, and moving on to our next word, we have a peeping tom.


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[Assistant] Okay, so a synonym of a peeping tom would be a voyeur.


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[Assistant] So a peeping Tom is just an informal way of saying a voyeur or somebody who is spying on people. So those are the words for today in Language Takeaway. Let's listen to our dialogue again and then we'll be right back.


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[Assistant] Now we're back and we had some interesting phrases in the dialogue. The first one being, you can never be too safe.


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[Assistant] So it's okay to be extra, extra safe or extra cautious, just in case.


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[Assistant] So it's the same thing. I can say, I caught you with your hand in the cookie jar. Alright, and our last phrase for today is, you are on a need to know basis.


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[Assistant] So you only have the information that is necessary. No more or less, right? You're on a need-to-know basis.


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[Assistant] Right, and I can say no, no. You're on a need-to-know basis and you don't need to know this.


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[Assistant] Alright, so a need to know basis, as you say, very popular among spy movies and government movies and stuff like that.


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[Assistant] Alright, so let's listen to this dialogue for the very last time and we'll be right back.


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[Assistant] Alright, so uhm, the guy's a little bit paranoid. There's another word for this as well. Similar, right? A schizo?


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[Assistant] So, if you guys remember this movie, A Beautiful Mind, it's all about, uh, this famous mathematician named John Nash. And, uh, well, he was a genius, he came up with game theory and, uh, a lot of subsequent, uh, usage of this for economy, for many things. But, uhm, it was proven that he was schizophrenic, correct?


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[Assistant] So, it's interesting. It's a great movie also, by the way, if you've never seen it or you get a chance to watch it. And that's all the time we have for today. So, if you have any questions, doubts, or comments, please come to our website, EnglishPod.com, and we're there to answer them.


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[Assistant] I know we counted the fruit correctly.


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[Assistant] I count one hundred paper clips. What can I make?


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[Assistant] I count one hundred gumdrops. What can I make?


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[Assistant] I count one hundred blocks. What can I make?


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[Assistant] I've been busy preparing for my exams, not to mention all the term papers I've had to write.


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[Assistant] I'm going to my anthro class. We've been focusing on Darwin all term since it's the 200th anniversary of his birth or whatever. I'm sick and tired of Darwin, Darwin, DARWIN!


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[Assistant] I don't like him. His theory of human evolution and natural selection is full of holes. It's not as solid as you make it out to be.


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[Assistant] Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is a classic logical problem, and I think it applies to Darwin's theory. How did the very first living organism come to be?


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[Assistant] I've been busy preparing for my exams, not to mention all the term papers I've had to write.


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[Assistant] I'm going to my anthro class. We've been focusing on Darwin all term, since it's the 200th anniversary of his birth or whatever. I'm sick and tired of Darwin, Darwin, DARWIN!


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[Assistant] I don't like him. His theory of human evolution and natural selection is full of holes. It's not as solid as you make it out to be.


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[Assistant] I'm not minimizing his huge contributions to science. It's just that his theory reminds me of the conundrum of the chicken and the egg.


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[Assistant] Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is a classic logical problem, and I think it applies to Darwin's theory. How did the very first living organism come to be?


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[Assistant] But we are just men. How can we defeat such a powerful monster?


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[Assistant] When they get to the part Where he's breaking her heart


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[Assistant] Over many videos now, we've been talking about how every interstellar object is moving away from Earth.


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[Assistant] And we've also been talking about how the further something is away from Earth, the faster it's moving. What I want to do in this video is to put a little bit of, a few numbers behind it or even better conceptualize what we've been talking about. So one way to think about it is that if at an early stage in the universe, I were to pick some points. So that's one point, another point, another point, another point. Let me just pick.


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[Assistant] Let me just pick 9 points so that I have a proper grid. So this is an early, at an early stage in the universe. If we fast forward a few billion years, and I'm clearly not drawing it to scale, all of these points have all moved away from each other.


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[Assistant] So this point is over here, and actually let me draw another row. Let me draw another row. Just to make it.


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[Assistant] Just, actually another column, just to make it clear. So if we fast forward a few billion years, the universe has expanded, and so everything has moved away from everything. And let me color code it a little bit. Let me make this point.


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[Assistant] So at this point, the magenta point is now here.


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[Assistant] This green point has now moved away from the magenta point. And now this blue point


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[Assistant] Has now moved away from the magenta point in that direction.


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[Assistant] And we could keep going. This yellow point is maybe over here now. I think you get the general idea. And I'll just draw the other yellow points.


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[Assistant] So there's no center here, everything is just expanding away from things next to it. And what you can see here is not only did this thing expand away from this, but this thing expanded away from this even further. Because it had this expansion, plus this expansion. Or another way to think about it is,


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[Assistant] The, the, the velocity with which, the apparent velocity with which something is expanding is going to be proportional to how far it is because every point in between is also expanding away.


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[Assistant] And just to review a little bit of the visualization of this, one way to think of this, if you think of the universe as an infinite flat sheet, you can imagine that we're just taking a sheet of, I don't know,


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[Assistant] Some type of sheet of stretching material and just stretching it out.


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[Assistant] We're just stretching it out. That's if we kind of imagine a more infinite universe that just goes off in every direction. We're just stretching that infinite sheet out so it has no boundaries, but we're still stretching it out.


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[Assistant] Another way to visualize it, and this is what we did earlier on, is you can imagine that the sphere, that the universe is the three dimensional surface of a four dimensional sphere or the three dimensional surface of a hypersphere.


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[Assistant] So at an early stage in the universe, the sphere looked like this. The sphere looked like this. And these points here, that magenta point is right over here. The green point is right over there. Then we had the blue point up here. And then let me just draw the rest of the yellow points. And the yellow points are here. They're all on the surface of this sphere.


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[Assistant] They're all on the surface of the sphere. Obviously, I'm only dealing with two dimensions right now. It's nearly impossible, or maybe impossible, to imagine a three-dimensional surface of a four-dimensional sphere. But the analogy holds. If this is the surface of a balloon, or the surface of a bubble, if the bubble were to expand,


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[Assistant] So if the bubble were to expand over a few billion years, and once again, not drawn to scale, so now we have a bigger bubble here.


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[Assistant] This part of the surface is all going to expand. So once again, you have your magenta, you have your blue dot, you have your green dot.


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[Assistant] Right over here, and then let me just draw the rest in yellow. So they will have all expanded.


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[Assistant] Away from each other on the surface of this sphere. And just to make it clear that this is a sphere, let me draw some contour lines.


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[Assistant] So this is a contour line just to make it clear that we are on the surface.


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[Assistant] We're on the surface of an actual sphere. Now with that out of the way,


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[Assistant] Let's think about how fast, or what is the apparent velocity with which things are moving away. And remember, we're gonna have to say not only how far things are moving away, but we're gonna say how far they're moving away from, if the observer is us, depending on how far they already are. So, what we're going to do,


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[Assistant] And the velocity, and the apparent velocity, the apparent


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[Assistant] The apparent relative velocity, relative velocity,


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[Assistant] Is proportional is proportional to distance. Proportional.


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[Assistant] To a distance. And what I've just written down here, and this is why I wrote it down, this is a rephrasing of essentially Hubble's Law. Hubble's...


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[Assistant] And he came up with this by just observing that when he looks, especially the further out he looks, the more redshifted objects are. And not only were they moving faster and faster away from Earth, but they were, they seemed to be moving faster and faster away from each other. So this is just a restating of Hubble's Law. Or another way to say it is,


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[Assistant] So from any point, let's say from the earth, the velocity that something appears to be moving is going to be some constant, is going to be some constant times the distance.


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[Assistant] times the distance that it is away from the observer. In this case, we are the observer. And we put this little zero, so this h here, this h here is called Hubble's constant. Hubble's...


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[Assistant] Bubbles constant. And it's a very non-constant constant because this constant will change depending on where we are in the evolution of the universe. So we put this little zero here.


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[Assistant] This little sub-zero right over here to show that this is Hubble's constant right now. And when we talk about distance, we're talking about the proper distance right now. Proper distance now.


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[Assistant] This has to be very important because that proper distance is constantly changing as the universe expands. So, you know, the now will actually change slightly from the beginning of this video to the end of this video. But we can roughly say in kind of our current period of time.


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[Assistant] And when we say proper distance, we're talking about if you actually had rulers and if you were to just lay them down instantaneously. Obviously we can't do something like that, but we can imagine doing something like that. So that's what we're talking about. So just, just to give a sense of, or do a little bit of math of how fast things are actually moving apart, the current Hubble constant


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[Assistant] The current Hubble constant is, let me actually write it someplace where I have more space.


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[Assistant] The current Hubble constant is 70.6 plus or minus, plus or minus 3.1. So we have observed some variation here. There is, I guess, some error to our actual measurements. Kilometers, kilometers per second per, per mega parksec, per mega


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[Assistant] And remember, a parsec is roughly 3.2, 3.3 light years. So another way to think about it is if


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[Assistant] This is where we are in the universe right now, and if this is...


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[Assistant] If this object right over here, if this distance right over here is 1 megaparsec, so 1 million parsecs or


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[Assistant] 3.26 million light years from Earth. So this is roughly, so just so we have a sense, this is 3.26, roughly, 3.26 million.


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[Assistant] kilometers per second away from us. So this is a huge velocity. 70.6 kilometers per second.


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[Assistant] So this is a pretty, this is a pretty fast


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[Assistant] But you have to remember, this is over 1 megaparsec. The Andromeda galaxy is not even, is not even a megaparsec away. It was about 2.5 million light years. So it's about, I don't know, .7 or .8.


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[Assistant] So if you look at a point in space a little bit further than the Andromeda Galaxy, it will look to be, right now, receding at about 70.6 kilometers per second.


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[Assistant] But what if you were to go twice that distance? If you were to look at something that's almost seven light years away, two megaparsecs away.


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[Assistant] So if you look at, if you were to look at this object over here.


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[Assistant] If you were to look at this object over here, how fast would that be receding? Well, if you just look at it over here, it's 2 megaparsecs away, so it's going to be twice this. You're just going to multiply its distance, 2 megaparsecs, times this. The megaparsecs cancel out. So 70.6 times 2 is, so it's going to be moving.


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[Assistant] It's going to look to be moving. It's not moving in space. Remember, space is just stretching. So its velocity, its apparent velocity, will be 70.6 times 2. So that's 141.2.


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[Assistant] And this is, you know, one question, you say, well, how did Hubble know, you know, it's easy to, you could observe the redshift of objects moving away from us, but how did he know that they were moving away from each other?


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[Assistant] Well, if you were to look at the redshift of this object and say, wow, that's moving away at 70.6 kilometers per second, and then you were to look at the redshift of this and say, wow, that's moving away from us at 141.2 kilometers per second, then you also know that these two objects are moving away from each other at 70.6 kilometers.


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[Assistant] And we could keep doing this over different distances, but hopefully this gives you a little bit more, a little bit bigger sense of things. And just remember, even though I said this is a huge distance, a megaparsec is


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[Assistant] And we also know that we're talking about hundreds of billions of galaxies in just the observable, just the observable universe. So very quickly, as you go near the edge of the observable universe, these


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[Assistant] These velocities, the apparent distance at which things are moving away from us, start to become pretty, pretty significant.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone, and welcome back to EnglishPod, my name is Marco.


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[Assistant] We are, we are actually having a small fight at the office. Somebody or a coworker is annoying us. So, you know, sometimes coworkers, you see them every day, they're doing something that's maybe getting on your nerves.


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[Assistant] Exactly. So that's what we're going to be looking at today. Some language related to this topic. So let's listen to the dialogue for the first time.


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[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so uhm, yeaah, I think this is a common situation, right?


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[Assistant] It is. You may not know, but Catherine and I get into fights all the time.


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[Assistant] Alright, so uhm, I think there was some interesting words here, but mostly phrases. So, let's start with the words first, language takeaway.


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[Assistant] Or sometimes when you have a drink and you're drinking it through a straw, towards the end, you're just like trying to get the very last part at the bottom. So yea, the straw slurps.


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[Assistant] Alright. Well, uh, towards the end they said, well, let's call a truce. So they wanna call a truce.


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[Assistant] We won't fight about it. Okay. Brothers and sisters often call truces. Ha, truce. And, uh, well if you're calling a truce, you're trying to be more considerate.


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[Assistant] Alright, so if you're considerate, then you are maybe more polite, you think about the other person's feelings before you do anything.


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[Assistant] Very good. Alright, so four great words on language takeaway. Uh, why don't we move on now to Fluency Builder?


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[Assistant] Alright, so as we mentioned, this dialogue is very, very rich in a lot of different phrases. So let's start with a couple of them. The very first one and the title of the lesson. Cut it out. Cut that out. Hey Mary, can you cut that out? Right. So you're not actually saying to cut something with scissors or something.


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[Assistant] But it can also be used like in a romantic sense, right? That girl drives me crazy.


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[Assistant] Yeah. So that drives me crazy. Alright, so uhm, moving on to our third phrase. This is a pretty big one, but take it as a whole. You've got to be kidding me.


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[Assistant] Right. So it is a sarcastic phrase, but use it as a whole. Usually you don't change the subject. You don't say, you've got to be kidding him.


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[Assistant] Okay, so not really do anything, just talk a little bit.


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[Assistant] Okay, so shooting the breeze. You can say, uh, we were just shooting the breeze.


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[Assistant] Okay. And, uh, our last phrase for today. Forgive and forget. Let's forgive and forget.


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[Assistant] Okay, forgive and forget. Very good, so very interesting phrases, I think, uhm, they're very useful and this is very colloquial English, right?


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[Assistant] That's very good, so let's listen to the dialogue for the last time and we'll be right back.


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[Assistant] Very early 90s. Uhm, well, this whole situation with The Office as well, I think there was a TV show called The Office, right?


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[Assistant] So this is an interesting topic we really want to hear from you guys. Uhm, many of you probably work at an office, so tell us. So come and tell us what drives you crazier. Maybe what colleague is driving you mad.


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[Assistant] Plus I kept telling Master to use the tight headband spell. I'll bet the monkey is really mad at me.


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[Assistant] Don't worry, said Wukong. We'll get rid of that fake king.


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[Assistant] The Daoist will deny everything, he thought. We need proof that he killed the real king. He poked Bajie.


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[Assistant] I see what you mean, but I'm still bummed out.


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[Assistant] I see what you mean, but I'm still bummed out.


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[Assistant] Badaingeran Desert is located in northern China's Inner Mongolia.


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[Assistant] The winds keep blowing the fine sand away, continually eroding them.


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[Assistant] The desert environment keeps most creatures away but is a perfect home for camels. After thousands of years of evolution, they are not only resistant to hunger and thirst, but also to high temperature and cold. In desert storms, they can even walk with their eyes closed.


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[Assistant] China is one of the main habitats for Bactrian camels in the world. But the ancestral home of camels is in North America, far away.


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[Assistant] They migrated all the way across the Bering Strait into Eurasia.


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[Assistant] And started to settle and thrive in their new home.


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[Assistant] Since then, becoming mankind's most loyal partners in the desert.


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[Assistant] In the east of China, near the Youxi in Jiangsu,


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[Assistant] There's a magical island situated a little way off the province's 765 kilometers of coastline.


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[Assistant] Covering an area of less than 0.2 square kilometers, Chinchan Island is 1,000 meters long from east to west and 200 meters in width.


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[Assistant] From the air, the island looks for all the world like a giant Chinese salamander with a huge bulbous head.


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[Assistant] Chinchan Island is about 15 kilometers off the coast and is one of the few coastal islands in Jiangsu province.


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[Assistant] In the past, the island has been ten times its size today.


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[Assistant] However, thousands of years of erosion have seen the rock consumed by the sea little by little.


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[Assistant] The long tail of this fish appears and disappears at regular intervals with the rise and fall of the tides.


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[Assistant] It is 2.6 kilometers long and has existed for at least 2,000 years.


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[Assistant] The divine path of Chinchun Island was formed by the action of the tides against this growl island.


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[Assistant] The shores were gradually worn away and eventually collapsed.


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[Assistant] The debris drifted in the currents round to the south side of the island and was gradually deposited under the waterline for a stretch of over 10 kilometers.


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[Assistant] The rise and fall of the sea level over time has helped form a mound composed of gravel and debris.


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[Assistant] This mound is 2.6 kilometers long and extends from the island towards the land.


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[Assistant] However, it is very rare for a small island with an area of less than 0.2 square kilometers to have such a feature several times longer and wider than the island itself.


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[Assistant] It is known as the longest natural avenue at sea in China.


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[Assistant] As the tide retreats, the divine path reappears in the sea.


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[Assistant] Those who tread this path seem to be walking on an infinity of water.


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[Assistant] Daocheng Yading is a magical and mysterious land.


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[Assistant] Located in the southwest of China's Sichuan province.


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[Assistant] This is a kingdom surrounded by breathtaking views.


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[Assistant] It's called the last pure land on this blue planet.


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[Assistant] It's like placing people into a colorful fairy tale world.


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[Assistant] The focal point is the three mountain peaks in Daocheng Yading.


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[Assistant] It is about 6,000 meters in height and has the shape of a perfect pyramid.


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[Assistant] The American explorer Joseph Rock first introduced it to the world with photos taken for the National Geographic Magazine.


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[Assistant] He wrote, She is the most beautiful snow peak my eyes have ever seen.


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[Assistant] The crest of the mountains is covered by snow most of the time.


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[Assistant] It is an irreplaceably sacred place in the hearts of the local people.


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[Assistant] The locals say that if one could walk round the holy mountains three times,


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[Assistant] Then your wishes for this life will be fulfilled.


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[Assistant] But it is such a great challenge to both one's physical ability and mind, because of its altitude.


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[Assistant] But also earth that can purify the soul.


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[Assistant] I don't, cried Wukong. I'll ask Laozi for help. He makes pills that can make people live forever. Maybe he makes pills that can bring people back to life.


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[Assistant] I'm still helping the Tang Monk, he said. We're helping a king right now, though. He poked a blue bottle filled with liquor.


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[Assistant] I need pills that will bring someone back to life, said Wukong. Give me one thousand of them.


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[Assistant] I'm kidding. I don't really need one thousand pills. Just give me one hundred and then I'll leave.


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[Assistant] Now that I think about it, I don't need 100 pills. Just give me 10. You are rude and disrespectful.


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[Assistant] I really just need one pill, said Wukong. Give me that. Get out! shouted Lausa.


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[Assistant] Hello again, said the monkey. I was just trying to decide what sort of trouble I could cause for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, so there are some really interesting phrases and we're gonna learn a little bit about how money and social security works in the United States. But before we get into that, why don't we look at vocabulary preview.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back from today's dialogue. Now, some really interesting words and phrases there. And as you said, this 401k, what is a 401k?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So every day they put a little bit of money towards this plan and in the end when they retire they will have a certain amount of money that they can use throughout their, their seniorhood.


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[Assistant] Alright, so this word jargon. Jargon, it's very similar to, uh, slang, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mhm, or a certain industry. For example, you hear a lot of business jargon, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, when people start talking about, uhm, you know, P.O.P.s and P.O.S and like all that jargon. I lost you. Sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, very good. And now uhm, when they were talking about the 401k, he explained how they deduct money to put into this plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very good. Alright. And as they kept talking about money issues, the woman said that people in her country distrust banks and financial institutions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so for example, a corrupt politician will support a law that's not really good, but maybe he's being paid by somebody else.


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[Assistant] Okay, very good. Alright, so why don't we listen to our dialogue again, and we'll be back soon with Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] Alright we're back so on Fluency Builder we're gonna look at three phrases, so let's look at them now.


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[Assistant] Very good. And well, why are we putting all this money away? We're trying to build a nest egg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so it's not only for retirement, you can build an estate to possibly invest it in the future into buying a house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and well, where can you save money for your nest egg? It's very popular to put it in a piggy bank.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so why don't we listen to this dialogue again. Let's keep a look out for all these words and phrases and we'll be back shortly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, right. And also, as you say, unexpected things happen, so something may happen, maybe you break your arm and you don't have any savings or maybe no insurance, so at least you have some money stashed away where you can use it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mmm, very good. Alright, wise financial advice from EnglishPod.com. Thank you. Alright, so if you have any questions, any doubts, or any more financial questions, please come to EnglishPod.com and we'll see you guys there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello everyone and welcome back to another lesson here at EnglishPod. My name is Marco.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today we're talking about a very interesting topic. You've probably seen it on every TV show or American movie. And, uh, it's a bachelor party.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've heard bad things. I've heard bad things about a bachelor party. Well, they can be fun, but at times they can be a little bit too excessive, too much. But before we get started on the dialogue, why don't we take a look at vocabulary preview.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. So a bachelor party is a party that the guy has the day before he's married or maybe two or three days before he actually gets married. So it's a night where all his friends get together, they go out, they have some drinks, they have some fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, just like the last extreme fun they will have, he will have before he gets married.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, exactly. So uhm, not only guys' parties can get a little bit crazy, but girls' bachelorette parties can also get kind of crazy, right? That's true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, great, so uh, apparently both of them have uh, parties to go to, but I don't think the guy was too happy about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's true, I guess, uh, but we can talk a little bit more about this towards the end. Before we start on this really interesting topic, why don't we take a look at some of the language on Language Takeaway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and uh, among those responsibilities, the best man is usually the one that has to organize the bachelor party, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, best man. And, well, the rest of the groom's friends are also present at the wedding, and they are called the groomsmen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and the groomsmen usually are also present at the bachelor party. Exactly. Alright. Now moving on to a bit more colorful language, uhm, we have a place here, a strip club.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so you have the verb to strip, right? A strip club. So the verb to strip means to take off or leave without something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's usually used with clothes, right, to take off clothes, to strip. So you have a strip club, and in the strip club, you have the, as you mentioned, the girls that are dancing and taking off their clothes, uhm, they are called strippers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so you have this club that's very common in many countries and well the strippers are dancing and now they also talked about getting a lap dance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or maybe, for example, if you have a child that's three or four years old, you would sit him on your lap, right, on your legs while you're sitting down, maybe in the subway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so those are gag gifs, anything that's kind of for, to joke around, it's not really useful, it's not like giving somebody a t-shirt, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so there are really, there are a lot of different types of gags, and actually some of them are pretty good and funny, like uh, you know, like spicy chewing gum, or, or the electric shocker. Oh yeaah. When you shake somebody's hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so now let's look at some of the phrases that were used in this dialogue on Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] Right, it's so amazing or it's so uncommon or unusual that you would probably never guess that person won the lottery.


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[Assistant] Alright, and our second phrase. You know how these things are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so this is what he meant, right? You know how these things are, it's like, I don't really have a choice, it's a tradition, this is what guys do when they're gonna get married, so uh, we have to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nothing to worry about. Alright. And our last phrase. And our last phrase is something that we never want to happen. Something to be over the top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. So it can be something bad, like for example, someone's behavior was over the top. It was too much. It was too intense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so it can be used in different ways, but it usually means it's excessive, it's too much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so some interesting phrases on this occasion as well. Let's listen to our dialogue for the last time and we'll be back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh really? Did they also go to Vegas and do some of these things that we saw in the dialogue?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think this is something that, uhm, most of our listeners probably have seen in TV shows or in movies or in different, uh, type of, uh, exposure of American culture, which is actually very, very common in Canada and the United States. I'm not really sure about Europe or... England it is too much. Really.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow. Well, I guess it's different in every country and this is the interesting part. We want to know how these things are in your country. Do you have any traditions or any fun stuff that you do before the wedding? Maybe after? I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just do what we do every night, just go out with friends, drink and dance, play the guitar, or uhm, yeaah, maybe some gag gifs or some prank that we would pull on the groom, but nothing too over the top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, we're really interested in knowing how it is in your country, so come to EnglishPod.com, leave your questions, comments, and uh, we'll see you guys next time. Until then, bye everyone. Bye bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dammit! How are you killing me with a single shot? It's not fair! I don't wanna play anymore! Let's go get something to eat.


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[Assistant] Dammit! How are you killing me with a single shot? It's not fair! I don't wanna play anymore! Let's go get something to eat.


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[Assistant] Dammit! How are you killing me with a single shot? It's not fair! I don't wanna play anymore! Let's go get something to eat.


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[Assistant] Don't believe him, Wukong. I am the real Tang Monk. Don't believe him!


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[Assistant] The king of the black rooster kingdom was cruel to someone many years ago. So my lion came to earth to punish him. The king's punishment is over now.


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[Assistant] Hold on there, Fittipaldi. First let's go over things one more time. Now before you even think of starting the car, make sure your seat is at a comfortable position and you can grip the steering wheel firmly. Next, check your rear view mirrors to make sure you can see properly.


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[Assistant] Okay, now gently step on the clutch and shift to first gear. Good.


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[Assistant] Keep your eyes on the road. No music. You're coming up to a red light. Step on the bricks. What are you doing? I said the bricks!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hold on there, Fittipaldi. First, let's go over things one more time. Now, before you even think of starting the car, make sure your seat is at a comfortable position and you can grip the steering wheel firmly. Next, check your rear view mirrors to make sure you can see properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now gently step on the clutch and shift to first gear. Good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now accelerate gently and let go of the clutch as you do it. There we go, good!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Keep your eyes on the road. No music. We are coming up to a red light. Step on the brakes. What are you doing? I said the brakes!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hold on there, Fittipaldi. First, let's go over things one more time. Now, before you even think of starting the car, make sure your seat is at a comfortable position and you can grip the steering wheel firmly. Next, check your rear view mirrors to make sure you can see properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, now gently step on the clutch and shift to first gear. Good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now accelerate gently, let go of the clutch as you do it. There we go, good!


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[Assistant] Keep your eyes on the road. No music. You're coming up to a red light. Step on the brakes. What are you doing? I said the brakes!


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 44, The King's Ghost.


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[Assistant] Said the Tang Monk with a smile, but then his smile faded.


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[Assistant] The Tang monk called to his companions, who rushed into the room.


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[Assistant] He saw a white rabbit and shot an arrow. He missed and the rabbit ran.


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[Assistant] Cried the prince. The monk stepped forward.


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[Assistant] Marigold, I'm interested in whether you can disarm Savola. The rest is witch's work.


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[Assistant] Don't panic, Marigold. We know you'd like to see our witch's secrets.


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[Assistant] Geralt, is something wrong? No time to talk. I need to make a potion for Triss.


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[Assistant] I'd go, but Marigold lies unconscious by the fire.


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[Assistant] I have the ingredients, and it's safe upstairs.


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[Assistant] I'm cold. We'll fetch you warm milk and honey. You'd like that. Very much. Thank you Caroline.


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[Assistant] Located in the northeast of China, the Changbai Mountains is named after its iconic scenery of being perpetually white almost all year long.


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[Assistant] These mountains were formed around 2.77 million years ago, after volcano eruptions due to the movement of the Earth crust.


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[Assistant] At the top of the main mountain, there is a crater lake with an altitude of 2,100 meters.


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[Assistant] It is called 天车 in Chinese, literally meaning heaven lake.


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[Assistant] Its latest eruption happened around 300 years ago.


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[Assistant] Tianqu is the largest crater lake in China, and it is the deepest mountain lake around the world as well.


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[Assistant] It has stored over 2 billion tons of fresh water, which is able to supply the population in Beijing downtown for 22 months.


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[Assistant] The winter lasts for nine months in the Changbai Mountains. Thus, the crest of the mountain is covered by snow most of the time.


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[Assistant] It is extremely difficult to visit the mountain during the winter.


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[Assistant] Lake Tienture only melts in mid-July due to the cold weather, and the water in the lake is flowing for only 30 days every year. It is always misty and cloudy.


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[Assistant] According to the locals, people could only see the most imposing scenery here if they have a special mysterious connection with this magical mountain.


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[Assistant] What caused the light? It was a monkey.


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[Assistant] He's on the fruit and flower mountain down on earth. There had been a rock on the mountain. The monkey came from the rock. The light shone from the monkey's eyes.


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[Assistant] I'm not afraid of anything. And when I come back, I will be king.


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[Assistant] Why would we do that? If he's here we can keep an eye on him.


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[Assistant] I have an invitation from the Jade Emperor. He would like you to come to live in Heaven.


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[Assistant] Yes, I assume you're not asking for curiosity's sake. I'm hoping someone will pay for their removal. I may. The dog by the swamp is crucial to my business. The creatures have caused me losses. What are the beasts like? Drowners. They emerge at night, destroying goods and murdering carriers. I'll pay 400 orns to be rid of them.


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[Assistant] Bring me three pins, then we'll talk.


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[Assistant] I normally pay twenty apiece, but I'll make an exception. I'll give you ten times that.


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[Assistant] Listen, there are forces beyond your imagination at work here. Be thankful you don't know the world for what it is.


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[Assistant] That I'd like to see. Should you succeed, find me, and I'll reward you handsomely. And if you destroy Salamandra as a whole, I will repay you for your efforts.


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[Assistant] I never saw a temple with a flag pole before. This must be Wukong. I'll kick in that door.


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[Assistant] Lovely flowers. You deserve several tulips.


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[Assistant] Wait, the flaming lizard folk asked after you. They mentioned lying in wait for you.


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[Assistant] That sounds like fun, said Wukong. I'm sure I'm invited, right?


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[Assistant] Wukong was furious. The queen did not invite me. I'm just as important as any other spirit or god.


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[Assistant] I ate every single one, and they were delicious.


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[Assistant] We need more soldiers, your majesty. What?!


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[Assistant] Ugh, how horrible. I've never been so scared.


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[Assistant] No need. There's unlikely to be many monsters after that massacre.


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[Assistant] Preparing medicines is apparently even more complicated than brewing potions.


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[Assistant] Many come to me with pitiful fantasies I disdain to fulfill. They take me for a whore, when I am but a witch.


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[Assistant] Don't worry, I'm not all bad. The sinner will recover.


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[Assistant] Yes, but this beast is beyond me. Although, I know someone else.


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[Assistant] The boy Alvin. He's a strong source and a diviner. What he knows we could not hope to imagine. However, if I were to give him a certain potion...


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[Assistant] Bring me the petals of five white myrtle and your questions will be answered. Myrtle grows outside the village. If you lack knowledge of herbs, I have this book. It's yours... for a price.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I knew you'd manage it. And take this Mandrake root. You might find it useful.


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[Assistant] Draw close and listen. Blend two ounces of cadaverin with the Myrtle petals.


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[Assistant] I knew witches' magic would be beyond the mind of a man. Grant me a moment to finish the potion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, Alvin, drink this. Tastes bitter. No complaining. Now, speak. Abigail, I'm afraid. Why'd they skin the puppy? Why'd they hurt him? He was gentle, he hurt no one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reverend sent me to this deserted house. He said someone would be waiting there for me.


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[Assistant] Mighty ingredients make mighty spells. Mighty enough for the whole village.


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[Assistant] The angry mob has come. Burn the witch, they cry. She has summoned the beast. I must defend myself.


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[Assistant] I'm not surprised. Honest Mikkel violated Ilsa. She took her own life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Reverend exiled his daughter when she became pregnant. Now she whores herself in Vizima. Heron sold a squirrel to the guards for gold.


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[Assistant] They trade their gold for poisons and other potions. No business of mine how they're used.


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[Assistant] Don't let them harm me. My sins are not as great as they say.


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[Assistant] Learn for yourself if you like. We're alone. We have some time.


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[Assistant] It's not about who's right. I want them to reconcile.


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[Assistant] They say I returned to life, but lost my memory. Can you help me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My beliefs defy easy classification. Let's discuss something else.


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[Assistant] At night, Griggs destroy the bridge Han must then repair in daytime.


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[Assistant] I know it's hard, but we can't leave this as it is.


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[Assistant] People will start dying in the fields if I don't do anything about this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why does the Lady of the Lake seem skeptical about the search for the Holy Grail?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anything a Witcher can do for you? I don't have a problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Destiny isn't everything. We are masters of our own fate.


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[Assistant] I've set my neighbors home ablaze and cut them to bits. I've decided to flee the city.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a lot of water in this vase. Enough for an ocean.


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[Assistant] I'm going to pour magic water around Red Boy's mountain, said Guan Yin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please make sure all the animals are far, far away from the mountain.


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[Assistant] Wukong, go down there and get the demon to come out, said Guanyin. Fight him, but don't defeat him.


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[Assistant] You hit me on the head three times. That meant you wanted me to visit you at three o'clock. Now, will you teach me how to live forever?


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[Assistant] He taught me how to live forever. He also taught me how to change into other things. Show us what you can do!


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[Assistant] Our life here is perfect. Yes, that's true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's make a bird feeder. Written by Rachel Rice. Focus question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Draw a picture and write about it. Science.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the Canon EOS. Yeah, it's okay, but I'm looking for something that performs better in low light, has a better display panel and longer battery life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but what kit lens does this camera come with? I don't want some bulky telephoto lens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can I take a look at the SLRs you carry? Sure thing, follow me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Canon EOS. Yeah, it's okay, but I'm looking for something that performs better in low light, has a better display panel and longer battery life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but what kit lens does this camera come with? I don't want some bulky telephoto lens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That fire is no ordinary fire. The water made it worse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But go straight to Guanyin. No, now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My fire was too powerful for Sun Wukong and his friends.


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[Assistant] And that is good because I am hungry. I'll go inside now and start cooking the Tang Monk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's heading south. I wonder why.


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[Assistant] The bodhisattva Guan Yin lives on Mount Podolaka in the South Sea. The pig must be going to ask her for help. I'll stop him.


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[Assistant] There's a small village nearby, he said. Maybe someone there has a boat.


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[Assistant] I'm laughing because today is the luckiest day of your life. How am I lucky?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I am Sun Wukong, the Monkey King. I once defeated the Jade Emperor's entire army. And tomorrow I will save your son's life. Are you a spirit? Ask Chen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 56, The Tiger Immortal.


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[Assistant] The monks told the Tang monk everything that they had told Wukong.


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[Assistant] They led the travelers there and everyone went to sleep for the night. The next morning, Wukong woke up early. Someone was pounding on the door of the building. A voice boomed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Tiger Immortal led everyone into town. In the center of town was a Daoist altar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A stone tablet, incense sticks, and papers with magic writing were on the altar. A crowd of people arrived to see what was going on.


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[Assistant] ...announced the tiger immortal. He walked toward the altar. The Tang monk shook his head.


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[Assistant] He muttered. Bajay glanced at him.


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[Assistant] Wukong stood by them smiling. From the altar, the tiger immortal called out.


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[Assistant] Wukong looked up at the sky, which was becoming dark.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Written by Karen Mokler Illustrated by Christopher Baldwin


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It feels great to keep my old bear.


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[Assistant] Alright, so we're gonna preview the word freezing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we'll talk about that a little bit later, but let's take a look at some, uh, four words on language takeaway today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. And, uh, well, very much related to a thermostat and what this device does is, uh, our next word, central heating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so your house or your apartment building will have central heating and then you can control how cold or warm the house is with thermostats. Exactly. Very good. And well, our next word is related to temperature and it's chilly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. So if it's a bit chilly, it's not very cold. And while moving on, the dad mentioned about him having a furnace when he was young.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, just consider it like a big oven, right? Maybe you've seen it in the old movies where you would have to throw firewood into the furnace to make it heat up the house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. And well, uhm, that's all the words we have for language takeaway today. Why don't we listen to this chili dialogue again?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so now we have prepared for you three key phrases on Fluency Builder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Louder. Alright, and if we wanted to decrease the temperature in the thermostat, you would say... Turn down. Turn down the heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, very good. And our next phrase is, uh, well, the dad was talking about the bills and how expensive it is to use a thermostat, and he said, I'm not going to let you run up my heating bill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mmhm. So maybe if you leave your television on all night, you're running up your electricity bill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. Alright, and well, the daughter was complaining about her catching a cold. Too catchy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so you catch a cold. What about the flu? Do you get the flu or catch the flu?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back and well you mentioned about, uh, thermostat and your dad actually controlling the heating at home. Was it, was this the case like this, in this scenario?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, I heard that because, you know, when you're burning wood, it causes some pollution. In some cities, it's banned, right, to actually turn on or, well, to have a fireplace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, well, very good. This is an interesting lesson, especially because, uh, the winter season is coming up, and, well, everyone is cold, so we hope you enjoyed it, and if you have any questions, any doubts, you can come to our website, EnglishPod.com.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Used to be Vivaldi, but now Declan Louvardin's your man. The guy shits gold.


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[Assistant] It warms the body, alleviates pain and overcomes weakness. Let's test it. Cheers!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shani's asleep. Let's have a drink then leave. To Shani.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 54, The River God.


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[Assistant] A sign on the gate read, Home of the Black River God. Wu Jing tapped on the door with his spear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The lizard spun around, blocking the spear with his tail. The force nearly knocked Wu Jing over. Right away, the lizard was on top of him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shouted Wu Jing. He shoved the lizard. The lizard attacked again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He splashed out of the river and landed next to Wukong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong put the iron bar back in his ear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Said the river god. He looked even more frightened now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A moment later, the monkey was at the Dragon King's palace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Demanded the monkey. The dragon's smile faded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong and the dragon flew back to the Black River. The dragon king shouted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His head hanging low, he followed his uncle up into the sky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The travelers walked across the muddy riverbed and continued west.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you talking about? It wasn't more than a month ago that you were rambling on about how you are tired of living the life of a bachelor and how you envy your friends that have a family. I know, I know. Let's think this through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First of all, you cannot leave Amy at the altar. Not only will she be humiliated and kill you, but she is the woman that you love and the woman of your dreams. Why would you want to end that or jeopardize it like this? Second of all, you are just getting cold feet. You know deep down inside that you want to marry her. So cut the crap and do it. You're right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was a close one. You had me going there for a minute. I thought I was gonna have to slap some sense into you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so almost, he almost didn't get married, but luckily you have a good friend to help you out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, now the opposite of this would be to be a bachelor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, very good. And now, as they were talking about not getting married, he said that you can't leave Amy at the altar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So usually two people will stand in front of an altar and get married, right, with the priest who is doing his thing there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so why don't we listen to our dialogue again. Let's keep a look out for all of these words, and we'll be back in a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Woah, woah, take it easy, relax. Geez, you're sweating like a pig. What's going on? I can't go through with this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you talking about? It wasn't more than a month ago that you were rambling on about how you are tired of living the life of a bachelor and how you envy your friends that have a family. I know, I know. Let's think this through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First of all, you cannot leave Amy at the altar. Not only will she be humiliated and kill you, but she is the woman that you love and the woman of your dreams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why would you want to end that or jeopardize it like this? Second of all, you were just getting cold feet. You know deep down inside that you'd want to marry her. So cut the crap and do it. You're right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm being crazy. Okay, I'm ready. Let's do this. Great. Whew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was a close one. You had me going there for a minute. I thought I was gonna have to slap some sense into you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're back, so now why don't we take a look at four key phrases that we found in this dialogue on Fluency Builder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and now the friend, he finally gets kind of angry and he says, cut the crap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So to cut the crap is no more complaints, no more excuses, or no more talking nonsense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whoa, whoa, take it easy, relax. Geez, you're sweating like a pig. What's going on? I can't go through with this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are you talking about? It wasn't more than a month ago that you were rambling on about how you are tired of living the life of a bachelor and how you envy your friends that have a family. I know, I know. Let's think this through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First of all, you cannot leave Amy at the altar. Not only will she be humiliated and kill you, but she is the woman that you love and the woman of your dreams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why would you want to end that or jeopardize it like this? Second of all, you were just getting cold feet. You know deep down inside that you want to marry her. So cut the crap and do it. You're right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was a close one. You had me going there for a minute. I thought I was gonna have to slap some sense into you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have you ever actually heard of or experienced or maybe known of somebody who actually left the bride at the altar or the groom at the altar?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think so. Everything's paid for, right? Exactly. Drink all the liquor. Alright. So that's all the time we have for today. If you have any questions, any comments, you can come to our website at EnglishPod.com and we'll see you guys there. Bye everyone. Bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Hierophant revealed the cure for lycanthropy, but I must know your beloved's name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I spoke to the Hierophant about your man's affliction.