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[Assistant] Who came out in the sample, what they are really like.


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[Assistant] So that's where we're going. I'm going to give you some stories of each of these types. Let me stop there so far and see whether you're with me on how these data were generated or whether you have any other questions about that. Feel free, sooner or later you're going to have to talk or somebody has to break the ice. Yeah.


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[Assistant] You're going to tell me that. I'll tell you what I know, but I haven't repeated the study today, so that's going to be a very good question, is whether the kinds of things I'm describing


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[Assistant] Which were not only 60s by the way. We then subsequently did a lot of further research with other samples. But not into the 2000s. So probably.


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[Assistant] There may be some significant changes that you will want to be aware of. Yeah.


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[Assistant] Would I have gotten the same results with any old 44?


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[Assistant] The frequencies might be different, but I think the types, and again you'll, you'll help me judge this, the types tend


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[Assistant] To, to repeat themselves as when we went to other samples, we found people falling into one of these buckets.


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[Assistant] And the ones that were added were pure challenge, service, and lifestyle. And I'll explain how that happened. So are you ready for some of the categories?


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[Assistant] What I want to do is, is just give you the essence of each type so you can sort of ask yourself,


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[Assistant] I would suggest that you give yourself a 1 to 10 rating.


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[Assistant] One is, I'm not that way at all. Zero, nothing.


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[Assistant] And they might have been salesmen, they might have been computer programmers, they might have been, uh, technical managers, but they said,


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[Assistant] What is me is my level of competence in a particular set of skills.


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[Assistant] What I want out of life is to get better and better and better at that. So this would be the engineer who is in your dual ladder in the company who wants to get to be the, uh, the consulting engineer.


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[Assistant] But you try to move him into marketing or finance or management, right away he's saying, no, no, no, no, no. You know, that's not me.


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[Assistant] And most companies, when you think about it, mismanage this group horribly.


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[Assistant] Because they take their best salesman and make them sales managers or their best engineers and make them engineering managers and this type would fail as a manager and would either leave the company


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[Assistant] What drives them, and now, remember these are now people in their thirties.


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[Assistant] This is not the college graduate saying, I wanna be an engineer.


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[Assistant] This is someone with 10, 12 years of experience discovering that that's what he or she really wants to be.


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[Assistant] So any, any questions about what I'm trying to, what the DNA of this type of person is?


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[Assistant] Because they're very different from the next type, which are the types who said at the time they graduated, I want to climb that corporate ladder. And when they got into companies,


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[Assistant] That's what they really liked and wanted to do more of. And they had a very interesting sideline to their story. They said that I didn't know


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[Assistant] That I could or wanted to be a general manager.


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[Assistant] Until I had had a supervisory experience.


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[Assistant] Because I knew that that meant working with people.


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[Assistant] Then I suddenly realized that's it for me, I want more responsibility, I want to be the CEO eventually, etc., etc. They were the classical


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[Assistant] People who are described in the Horatio Alger myth, who sort of are working their way up to being the president. But in my sample and subsequent sample, that's 25% of the population.


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[Assistant] So not everyone comes out of a business school necessarily ends up realizing that they want to be general managers. They didn't know that at the time. And what did they say they needed?


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[Assistant] To be successful, they needed that interpersonal competence I just described.


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[Assistant] But they needed three other things, and I think this was very significant because it was what they said to me, not my developing a leadership model. They said, one, you've got to be analytically competent.


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[Assistant] You have to be able to process uncertain


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[Assistant] That you mostly learn in business school. So that's okay.


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[Assistant] Interpersonal competence, you have to learn that on the job. Thirdly, motivation. It's hell to climb the ladder. And if you don't really want to do that,


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[Assistant] And the fourth thing, which was most interesting, remember this is 1973 data.


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[Assistant] Well, before emotional intelligence got to be a byword, they all said to be able to be a general manager, you've got to have emotional competence. And they meant particularly three particular competencies.


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[Assistant] It was not all over the map. It was three things you had to be able to do. One, you had to be able to fire an old subordinate when you know that you're destroying that person's life.


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[Assistant] Every general manager sooner or later faces a situation where someone is redundant and they're 55 years old and you've got to force them out and you know it's going to be horrible.


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[Assistant] And the people in my sample said, you know, that's tough. It takes a certain kind of a gut. But if you can't do that, don't be a general manager. Secondly, you have to be able to choose between two projects that your two subordinates bring to you that are equally good. And you like both subordinates.


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[Assistant] That's tough. And you have to have a certain kind of a gut to do it. And thirdly, you've got to be able to manage very large amounts of responsibility.


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[Assistant] You, by the time you're up there in a general manager job, you not only are managing a ton of money, but


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[Assistant] You're responsible for the careers and livelihoods of a ton of people.


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[Assistant] And you know that if you really make a stupid decision and your division goes out of business, not just you lose your job, but you're destroying the careers of all the people under you.


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[Assistant] Now, isn't that an interesting way to think about emotional competence? It's not just any old thing. It's a particular type of decision that managers face that if you're not able to do that,


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[Assistant] The way they put it, you gotta be able to do it and not get drunk at night. You gotta still function.


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[Assistant] And that responsibility is, is all day, every day, all year. You're the general manager of something fairly high.


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[Assistant] If there's any problem anywhere in your organization, you're gonna get called and you have to do something then. You can't delegate that responsibility.


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[Assistant] Those are two of the critical anchors. Any questions about the contrast? Because these are not the same at all.


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[Assistant] You see the contrast. I wanna see some head nodding that you see that these are different types of people.


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[Assistant] Anything. You've got technical functional sales people, you've got technical functional marketers, finance types. Probably one of the clearest places is in finance where you know you've got people who are very good at managing money who are climbing that ladder.


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[Assistant] He had come through the accounting finance major here, had had a finance job in his company, was the treasurer and then VP of finance, and one of the things I do in the interview


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[Assistant] Is to ask, what's your, your ultimate ideal gold job? And his ideal gold job was, well, treasure of the U.S.


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[Assistant] Or VP of Finance for General Motors at the time when General Motors was still a hero.


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[Assistant] And so, he had, I had said to him, wouldn't you like to be the president of a company or something? He said, no, no, no, no. That's politics, interpersonal stuff.


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[Assistant] If you're the Vice President of Finance, General Motors, you've got hundreds and hundreds of people under you, right? I thought I had them. He said, no, no, no, Ed, you don't understand. Those are people just like me.


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[Assistant] The technical functional type is perfectly willing to manage others like himself and therefore you will find very high level


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[Assistant] Science managers, engineering managers, sales managers, and they're happy so long as they're not general managers. So long as they're able to work with people like themselves. Okay?


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[Assistant] Third type, autonomy. These next two are a little easier. The first two are the toughest to describe.


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[Assistant] The autonomy types are the ones who got into companies and said this is all bullshit. Rules, you gotta dress right, you gotta do this, you gotta do that. Not for me. I'm going into consulting or teaching.


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[Assistant] Now, again, they didn't know this when they were graduating from management school.


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[Assistant] They learned it from getting out into companies and realizing life is very different out there and it's not for me. My classic story about that is a guy who had


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[Assistant] Gone to work for at that time Western Electric and their personnel, hated it, dropped out, lived as a, as a hippie on Fire Island.


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[Assistant] He supported himself by writing, uh, uh, ghost writing chapters on human resource stuff for, for textbooks.


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[Assistant] He saw himself now as an eccentric. Now remember this is an MA from Sloan. We're not talking about somebody we found out. It's an MA from Sloan who's saying this. And so I said, well, what would you do there? He said, well,


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[Assistant] I'd probably open up a little antique shop somewhere in the countryside, maybe outside of Oxford, outside of Oxford. And believe it or not,


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[Assistant] So that's sort of the ultimate autonomy story. There's a person who knew what he wanted and knew how to get it. The security types


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[Assistant] They wanted a company that would take care of them, where they could stabilize, where they knew who they were.


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[Assistant] And the best example was one person who came into my office and handed me three pictures. One was a picture of his family.


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[Assistant] One was a picture of his house, and one was a picture of his boat.


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[Assistant] And it was like, he said, this is me. This is what I've accomplished. I've, I've stabilized my life. I'm happy. And I would ask him the, the question of, well, what if, what if your company lets you go?


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[Assistant] He said, I've thought of that. I know of three other companies that have very good benefits.


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[Assistant] I might have to take a lower position, but that's alright.


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[Assistant] Not to judge that as unmotivated because this particular person


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[Assistant] Had come from a rural Massachusetts truck farm.


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[Assistant] Was the first kid in his family ever to go to MIT at all. And then to get through a master's degree and end up being a middle manager in a major US corporation was way beyond anything he or his family had ever imagined. So he was very happy to be there.


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[Assistant] And you could imagine one of the general manager types next to him.


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[Assistant] Whose father was the vice president of a corporation might have been very unhappy in that same job. So when we judge ambition,


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[Assistant] Alright, before we now talk about the entrepreneurs, any questions about those four?


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[Assistant] Are you beginning to see that they're different, these types? Yeah.


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[Assistant] The anchor is what you would not give up if you had to make a choice. And I think the people who, who look like security anchors


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[Assistant] But my sense is, they don't give up the anchor. They just say, right now I can't do that. As once I've defined myself in a certain way,


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[Assistant] That part of me stays stable even though I say right now circumstances don't permit me.


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[Assistant] Vice President of Marketing of, at that time, Maxwell House Division of General Foods.


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[Assistant] He was, when I interviewed him, the corporate vice president of marketing.


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[Assistant] And his previous job had been president of the Maxwell House Division. Huge general management job.


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[Assistant] You know, how does it feel to be up here in corporate with a couple secretaries and a big portfolio, but you know,


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[Assistant] You've been a general manager and now you're just a staff of marketing VP. And he says, I'm finally where I want to be.


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[Assistant] All along he had defined himself as a marketing person, but because he was pretty good at general management, the career kind of drove him into that, and he could do it.


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[Assistant] But he admitted that he was never 100% comfortable in it.


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[Assistant] And when he was finally doing strategic marketing and had, you know, the intellectual power to influence the organization, that's what really turned him on.


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[Assistant] And so, at age 55, he's saying, I'm finally doing what I want to do. So you get those kinds of anomalies.


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[Assistant] have the anchor but they're not necessarily always exercising it and what's important about that is


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[Assistant] To know your anchor because sometimes the concerns push you in a direction that you shouldn't be going in. And if you have a choice, you need to know what your anchor is. Now, the entrepreneurs. In the original sample, there were six people who clearly


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[Assistant] decided after graduation that the only thing meaningful to them was to build something of their own. And I saw several versions of it. One was financial.


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[Assistant] New York real estate market and having all kinds of ideas of how to do the


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[Assistant] To wheel and deal in terms of the financial stuff.


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[Assistant] That there were financial instruments that had been built, particularly in the insurance area. He was from Colorado.


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[Assistant] And he saw that in Colorado they weren't doing that stuff. They weren't as sophisticated. And so he built an organization that introduced


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[Assistant] Financial products into the insurance and banking industry in the Denver and surrounding areas. But whereas this guy stuck with it forever, this guy, the minute he had built something, he decided, I'll call him a serial entrepreneur, he decided, hey, that's good, I'm going to take my profits out of it,


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[Assistant] Uh, and move on and build something new. So from, from that he went into the, the gold mining in Colorado and he eventually became a, a dean of a, of a business school out there.


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[Assistant] Where he's being sort of more of an intellectual entrepreneur, which is the third type.


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[Assistant] You know, where you're not necessarily building something that's concrete, bricks, mortar, stones, products, but you're constantly inventing new ideas. So some people who publish a lot would be thought of as intellectual entrepreneurs.


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[Assistant] And then there's finally the technical entrepreneur, which is really another version of the product. But I put this up here to illustrate that


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[Assistant] They all wanted to be entrepreneurs, but they were all in some way very different from each other. So what did they have in common? What they had in common was, I'll put it in a very uncomplimentary way, they were driven


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[Assistant] They were narcissistic. Was all about themselves.


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[Assistant] A lot of people say, why isn't creativity in all the anchors? Well it is.


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[Assistant] But as I saw it with the entrepreneurs, it was the obsession. They had to create something new.


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[Assistant] They had to invent something. They had to develop a new, uh, idea, a product or something. And it was around self-enlargement. It wasn't just, here's a nice idea for you. Go play with it. If this is a nice idea, I want to build it. I want to put my name on the company. In the case of, we talked about this at lunch,


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[Assistant] What about the, the entrepreneur like Ken Olson of digital?


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[Assistant] Who, who seemed in public to be very humble. And all the strength was in his various engineering managers. But when you talk to him privately, he says, I take credit for all those people. I'm the one who hired them. I'm the one who gave them responsibility. I'm the one who made them what they are. So I can afford to be humble, but privately I know that I'm the true architect.


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[Assistant] Narcissistic, creative, innovative engineers, then to be dumb guys building PCs. So they were prepared to let the company go in order to preserve the ideology, the innovation. That's not so uncommon.


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[Assistant] That this is a different kind of career orientation if you will. And if this is your anchor, you've got to understand what you're getting yourself into.


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[Assistant] Show of hands, how many of you gave yourself a seven or above on that career anchor?


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[Assistant] On autonomy, how many of you gave yourselves a seven or above?


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[Assistant] Okay, a little bit more. On security, how many


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[Assistant] It's okay to admit it, by the way. Even in the US, it's okay to admit that you're security oriented. Though it's difficult for people because it's not supposed to be good. How many of you gave yourself a security orientation? Seven or above.


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[Assistant] How many of you gave yourself a seven or above on this entrepreneurial picture?


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[Assistant] Okay, that's the one that got the most votes, but I want you to be aware that the other, the others got some votes too. So there is variability.


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[Assistant] And for many of you, it's probably still a process of searching it out.


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[Assistant] Let's look at the last three and then we'll have a general discussion.


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[Assistant] He was a marine pilot who screwed up his family and his life because the only thing he cared about.


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[Assistant] Was being absolutely world's best naval fighter pilot. Why?


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[Assistant] Because someday there would be a confrontation, a Cold War confrontation with the Russians, and at that point, he would win. Because he was the best.


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[Assistant] So it was all around the challenge of the ultimate win. Then we discovered there are people like that in sports.


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[Assistant] Whoa, suddenly their eyes light up and they get excited.


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[Assistant] Because they then realize that what's really driving them is something that hasn't been done. That's...


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[Assistant] So, I don't know how big that population is, but there are people out there, some people in management are like that.


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[Assistant] The reason they like general management is because it's endlessly challenging. You never get it just right. And that's what motivates them.


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[Assistant] The service types are in it because they're


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[Assistant] Trying to engage in some larger social value. So you would find the engineer who's trying to solve the solar panel problem because that's what the world needs.


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[Assistant] Breaking into two kinds of things. One was geographic stability.


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[Assistant] So as, as we did samples in the 80s and 90s, we discovered that there were some people who still fitted the old security anchor by wanting financial stability. But two things had happened in the meantime. Women entered the workforce and the managerial workforce, which meant that a lot of careerists now


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[Assistant] We're married to careerists. So you now had two primary careers to manage, which was very different in the fifties and before you had a career and a spouse that supported, usually the wife. But in the sixties, seventies and eighties, we found there are more dual career couples and they needed geographic stability.


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[Assistant] Has risen a lot over the last 10, 20 years. That would be the biggest effect I saw, Mike, of the changing times. If we did a sample back in the 60s, you would find some financial stability security types. And this other issue might not even come up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we do senior executives, well why don't you tell us what happened in the Sloan class? Were there a lot of, did you do sort of a poll?


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[Assistant] Was about to be promoted to a much bigger job in New York. Chose to turn it down and go back to Germany because his kids were sort of 6, 7, and 9 and he wanted them to grow up German.


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[Assistant] They will become completely Americanized and that was not something he wanted in terms of his family tradition. So he gave up a major career move to go back to Germany. Did his anchor change? No. He still had a general management anchor and he was looking for some place to play it out.


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[Assistant] You want to get rotational assignments, right? And the boss may be dead wrong about what it is you actually see yourself. There's this very important concept of the inner career.


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[Assistant] Externally, we know what the steps are. You have to, you have to do this and this. You have to rotate. You, you know how to get to be a general manager or how to climb a technical ladder.


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[Assistant] But all the time that you're having this external stuff, inside yourself, you're building a self-image. And that self-image is invisible to others. Until you talk to them about it.


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[Assistant] Other thoughts. You're a very pensive group.


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[Assistant] But there is a way to think about it.


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[Assistant] Uh, which, which anchors are in direct conflict with each other?


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[Assistant] And which ones kind of work together. So if you're an entrepreneur


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[Assistant] And you get control of the situation that you're in. I, I didn't see for example that


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[Assistant] That Ken Olson had a lot of problems managing his family. That's one case, you know. But he was a particular kind of person. He valued family life very much.


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[Assistant] And he was able, partly because he had such an extraordinary


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[Assistant] Tendency to delegate out and to give people a lot of autonomy and responsibility that he could do something which was probably most unusual. I think he went off every summer into the Canadian North woods where he was truly incommunicado. He flew in and went fishing with people for two, three weeks, which we say in principle, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're the guy who built the company, you ought to always be available. He said, no, no. You know, I can get away for three, four weeks and do that. So it may be, Thomas, a matter of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you know you'll be putting in a lot of time and energy. So you have to have a spouse and a family.


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[Assistant] If you are the kind of person who really loves security and stability and want to be an entrepreneur,


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[Assistant] In the end, the typology is only the first step in figuring out who you are. Beyond it, there are all kinds of combinations. There are people, for example,


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[Assistant] There's a researcher in Germany that I just learned about who is treating the anchors as triads.


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[Assistant] She says there are certain groups that really seem to go together well.


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[Assistant] I think for me the issue is the concern versus the anchor. There are all kinds of things that concern us.


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[Assistant] So long as we know when we're deviating from the anchor.


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[Assistant] Maybe the people in most jeopardy are the autonomy types.


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[Assistant] Because they will go for something big and rewarding not realizing that in that process they lose their autonomy. I had to make that choice at one point because I'm like Matt, a very high autonomy anchor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For a more senior position like an associate dean or a deputy dean or even dean of a business school.


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[Assistant] And that sounds great, you know, I'm moving up. Great. But then I thought about what do deans do relative to what professors do.


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[Assistant] And I realized immediately that would have been, for me, a disaster. It means you're now part of a political system. It's the university. You now have all kinds of responsibility with types of people other than the types that you are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I, I don't want to be considered for that. And without feeling unambitious. Or if somebody said to me, how come you didn't take this great offer? I could then say with some conviction, because for me that would be a big mistake. That's not me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that's a very important point, that the commonality is stuff like this, the inner core


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[Assistant] Lots of ways of doing this, but in my observation some of these are the common elements.


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[Assistant] First of all, about having women in the workforce at all. During World War II, when there was a labor shortage, women were all over the place in the labor force, doing all kinds of jobs. And then it seems to me post-war, it got to be a male world for a while. And then in the last 25 years, we've seen in all occupations, women entering in force,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're having to invent a lot of the ancillary services that maybe are not yet fully mature in the U.S., maybe not as mature as in Israel. For example, in digital, I remember there was a big discussion in the 70s


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] About whether digital should have a daycare facility that they themselves ran or should they just outsource it. And one point of view was


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[Assistant] Oh, we, we don't really want to get into that all that messy taking care of children and so on. Let's outsource it, you know, let's...


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[Assistant] Where one of the personnel managers for one of the divisions said, by the way,


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[Assistant] It's our engineers who have the kids, not the secretaries. You know there had been a stereotype.


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[Assistant] That the women in the organization who are also the less important people are the ones who have the kids for whom we have daycare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once somebody pointed out, no, no, no, there are single parent male engineers who need the daycare, then suddenly it became very easy. Oh, of course we have to have daycare. So that, that was in the 70s, I suspect today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That issue would be more quickly and easily resolved, but I think the US is still going through the growing pains of if we want competent women with children in the labor force,


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[Assistant] We have to invent more support services or social services


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[Assistant] Because there's also the stereotype that cultures vary hugely on the relative


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[Assistant] Clarity and importance of career versus family. That is, it's alleged, for example, that in some Asian cultures, the distinction between work and family is more blurred.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That at least at some point in Japan, it was perceived that the family integrates into the career of the male because the family is virtually considered to be part of the career structure. Whereas in the U.S., the notion of individual having a career identity and a family identity are very separated in some cultures


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[Assistant] Comment on this. How does this work family thing play together with what we've said here about lifestyle? Could we hear some other comments from other cultures?


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[Assistant] Which de facto meant women literally couldn't really have a full-time job because unless they hired a full-time housekeeper,


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[Assistant] Of the Economic Development Board, not all of Singapore, that would have been too big a job.


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[Assistant] I did study the Economic Development Board intensely and they were sort of the engine of Singapore's great success. And in the last chapter they insisted that even though it was dangerous to face, to


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[Assistant] It was very easy to do that because everyone complained about the fact


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[Assistant] The economic development board for two reasons was negative to entrepreneurship. The two reasons were one, cultural. The Chinese culture is very unforgiving to failure. And since entrepreneurship often involves early failure, they found that the young people


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[Assistant] And I have no idea how this works out in the larger Chinese culture, but it was a real problem in Singapore. The other course was kind of strangely structural that Singapore had decided to go for stable investors.


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[Assistant] Stable investors would be big companies, research and development, marketing, stuff that would stay around for a long time because Singapore's stability depended upon it.


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[Assistant] So all the activity in the Economic Development Board was geared to working with the big companies and dealing with huge investments. It was discovered that if a young Singaporean had a $50,000 a year idea, they literally didn't have any vehicle


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[Assistant] The culture is the same, but the structure is enough different that it overrides the culture.


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[Assistant] Now we'll talk more about this when you come back and culture becomes our focus, but I think it would be good to take a break now. We've been at it for an hour and a half.


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[Assistant] Way ahead of you. Anything else happens here, I'll let you know.


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[Assistant] I would agree and let me say that uhm, where this came up to me was


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[Assistant] We are looking at Gazelle companies. Gazelle are the high octane, high ambition entrepreneurship. And there was a lack of representation of females in that.


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[Assistant] I'm not saying that's right or wrong, I'm just saying that's what, that's what


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[Assistant] However, in talking to Jean Hammond, she said, no, you're not looking at the right data. Females have a high level of entrepreneurship from another look at it.


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[Assistant] And what they were not doing is they weren't looking at the gazelle companies they were looking.


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[Assistant] At all entrepreneurship, and there's a lot of entrepreneurship for


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[Assistant] For women who wanted to kind of create an autonomous situation.


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[Assistant] If you look at Sloan right now I think you see that this is fundamentally changing.


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[Assistant] Uh, with, with our sample size of the classes, we're seeing a significant increase in women who are getting into the gazelle, gazelle companies. If you look at Vanessa Green, if you look at


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[Assistant] Uh, Julia Hu, if you look at Amanda Payton, you're seeing almost


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[Assistant] Not just a 50%, but even higher right now.


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[Assistant] So I think that this is going to the point is that Ed, you brought Mike is there is things are changing. I think some of these things of predisposed biases are starting to be chipped away at and there might be something else, but the.


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[Assistant] This will be easier for everyone if you remain calm and do as I say.


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[Assistant] We've had some dramatic entrances and exits upon our small stage at Baker Street, but I cannot recollect anything more sudden and startling than the first appearance of Thornycroft Huxtable, MA, PhD, etc.


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[Assistant] His card, which seemed too small to carry the weight of his academic distinctions, preceded him by a few seconds, and then he entered himself, so large, so pompous, and so dignified, that he was the very embodiment of self-possession and solidity.


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[Assistant] And yet his first action, when the door had closed behind him, was to stagger against a table, whence he slipped down upon the floor, and there was that majestic figure prostrate and insensible upon our bearskin hearth-rug.


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[Assistant] We had sprung to our feet, and for a few moments we stared in silent amazement at this ponderous piece of wreckage which told of some sudden and fatal storm far out on the ocean of life.


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[Assistant] Then Holmes hurried with a cushion for his head, and I with brandy for his lips.


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[Assistant] The heavy white face was seamed with lines of trouble. The hanging pouches under the closed eyes were leaden in colour. The loose mouth drooped dolorously at the corners. The rolling chins were unshaven.


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[Assistant] Collar and shirt bore the grime of a long journey, and the hair bristled unkempt from the well-shaped head.


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[Assistant] Absolute exhaustion, possibly mere hunger and fatigue, said I, with my finger on the thready pulse, where the stream of life trickled thin and small.


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[Assistant] Return ticket from Mackleton in the north of England, said Holmes, drawing it from the watch pocket.


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[Assistant] It is not twelve o'clock yet. He has certainly been an early starter.


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[Assistant] The puckered eyelids had begun to quiver, and now a pair of vacant grey eyes looked up at us.


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[Assistant] An instant later the man had scrambled on to his feet, his face crimson with shame.


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[Assistant] Forgive this weakness, Mr. Holmes. I have been a little overwrought. Thank you. If I might have a glass of milk and a biscuit, I have no doubt that I should be better.


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[Assistant] I came personally, Mr. Holmes, in order to ensure that you would return with me.


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[Assistant] I feared that no telegram would convince you of the absolute urgency of the case. When you are quite restored,


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[Assistant] I am quite well again. I cannot imagine how I came to be so weak.


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[Assistant] I wish you, Mr. Holmes, to come to Mackelton with me by the next train." My friend shook his head.


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[Assistant] My colleague Dr. Watson could tell you that we are very busy at present. I am retained in this case of the Ferrer's documents, and the abogavany murder is coming up for trial.


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[Assistant] Have you heard nothing of the abduction of the only son of the Duke of Holderness? What, the late cabinet minister?


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[Assistant] Exactly. We had tried to keep it out of the papers, but there was some rumour in the Globe last night. I thought it might have reached your ears.


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[Assistant] Holmes shot out his long thin arm and picked out volume H in his encyclopedia of reference.


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[Assistant] Baron Beverly Earle of Carston, dear me! What a list! Lord Lieutenant of Hallamshire since 1900. Married Edith, daughter of Sir Charles Appledore, 1888.


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[Assistant] Heir and only child, Lord Saltyer, owns about 250,000 acres, minerals in Lancashire and Wales, address Carlton House Terrace, Holderness Hall, Hallamshire.


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[Assistant] Carston Castle, Bangor, Wales. Lord of the Admiralty, 1872. Chief Secretary of State for—well, this man is certainly one of the greatest subjects of the Crown.


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[Assistant] The greatest and perhaps the wealthiest. I am aware, Mr. Holmes, that you take a very high line in professional matters and that you are prepared to work for the work's sake. I may tell you, however,


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[Assistant] That is, Grace has already intimated that a cheque for five thousand pounds will be handed over to the person who can tell him where his son is, and another thousand to him who can name the man or men who have taken him. It is a princely offer," said Holmes.


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[Assistant] Watson, I think we shall accompany Dr. Huxtable back to the north of England. And now, Dr. Huxtable,


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[Assistant] When you have consumed that milk you will kindly tell me what has happened.


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[Assistant] When it happened, how it happened, and finally what Dr. Thornycroft Huxtable of the Priory School near Mackelton has to do with the matter, and why he comes three days after an event—the state of your chin gives the date—to ask for my humble services.


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[Assistant] Our visitor had consumed his milk and biscuits. The light had come back to his eyes and the colour to his cheeks as he set himself with great vigour and lucidity to explain the situation.


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[Assistant] I must inform you, gentlemen, that the priory is a preparatory school, of which I am the founder and principal.


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[Assistant] Huxtable's Sidelights on Horus may possibly recall my name to your memories.


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[Assistant] The Priory is, without exception, the best and most select preparatory school in England.


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[Assistant] Lord Leverstoke, the Earl of Blackwater, Sir Cathcart Soames, they all have entrusted their sons to me.


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[Assistant] But I felt that my school had reached its zenith when weeks ago the Duke of Holderness sent Mr. James Wilder, his secretary, with intimation that young Lord Saltire, ten years old, his only son and heir, was about to be committed to my charge.


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[Assistant] Little did I think that this would be the prelude to the most crushing misfortune of my life.


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[Assistant] On May 1st the boy arrived, that being from the beginning of the summer term. He was a charming youth, and he soon fell into our ways.


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[Assistant] I may tell you, I trust that I am not indiscreet, but half-confidence are absurd in such a case.


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[Assistant] This had occurred very shortly before, and the boy's sympathies are known to have been strongly with his mother.


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[Assistant] He moped after her departure from Holderness Hall, and it was for this reason that the duke desired to send him to my establishment.


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[Assistant] In a fortnight, the boy was quite at home with us, and was apparently absolutely happy.


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[Assistant] He was last seen on the night of May 13th. That is, the night of last Monday.


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[Assistant] His room was on the second floor and was approached through another large room in which two boys were sleeping.


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[Assistant] These boys saw and heard nothing, so that it is certain that young Saltaire did not pass out that way.


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[Assistant] His window was open, and there is a stout ivy plant leading to the ground.


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[Assistant] We could trace no footmarks below, but it is sure that this is the only possible exit.


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[Assistant] His absence was discovered at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning.


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[Assistant] His bed had been slept in. He had dressed himself fully before going off in his usual school-suit of black-eaten jacket and dark grey trousers.


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[Assistant] There were no signs that anyone had entered the room, and it is quite certain that anything in the nature of cries or a struggle would have been heard, since Caunter, the elder boy in the inner room, is a very light sleeper.


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[Assistant] When Lord Saltier's disappearance was discovered, I at once called a role of the whole establishment, boys, masters, and servants.


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[Assistant] It was then that we ascertained that Lord Saltea had not been alone in his flight.


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[Assistant] Heidegger, the German master, was missing.


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[Assistant] His room was on the second floor, at the farther end of the building, facing the same way as Lord Salty's.


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[Assistant] His bed had also been slept in, but he had apparently gone away partly dressed, since his shirt and socks were lying on the floor.


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[Assistant] He had undoubtedly let himself down by the ivy, for we could see the marks of his feet where he had landed on the lawn. His bicycle was kept in a small shed beside his lawn, and it also was gone.


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[Assistant] He had been with me for two years, and came with the best references, but he was a silent morose man, not very popular either with masters or boys.


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[Assistant] No trace could be found of the fugitives, and now, on Thursday morning, we are as ignorant as we were on Tuesday.


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[Assistant] Inquiry was of course made at once at Holderness Hall, which is only a few miles away, and we imagine that in some sudden attack of homesickness he had gone back to his father, but nothing had been heard of him. The Duke is greatly agitated,


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[Assistant] And as to me, you have seen yourselves the state of nervous prostration to which the suspense and the responsibility have reduced me. Mr. Holmes, if ever you put forward your full powers,


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[Assistant] I implore you to do so now for never in your life could you have a case which is more worthy of them.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes had listened with the utmost intentness to the statement of the unhappy schoolmaster.


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[Assistant] His drawn brows and the deep furrow between them showed that he needed no exhortation to concentrate all his attention upon a problem which, apart from the tremendous interests involved, must appeal so directly to his love of the complex and the unusual.


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[Assistant] He now drew out his notebook, and jotted down one or two memoranda.


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[Assistant] You have been very remiss in not coming to me sooner," said he severely.


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[Assistant] You start me on my investigation with a very serious handicap.


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[Assistant] It is conceivable, for example, that this ivy and this lawn would have yielded nothing to an expert observer.


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[Assistant] I am not to blame, Mr. Holmes. His grace was extremely desirous to avoid all public scandal.


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[Assistant] He was afraid of his family unhappiness being dragged before the world. He has a deep horror of anything of the kind.


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[Assistant] But there has been some official investigation? Yes, sir, and it has proved most disappointing.


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[Assistant] An apparent clue was at once obtained, since a boy and a young man were reported to have been seen leaving a neighbouring station by an early train.


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[Assistant] Only last night we had news that the couple had been hunted down in Liverpool.


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[Assistant] And they prove to have no connection whatever with the matter in hand.


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[Assistant] Then it was that in my despair and disappointment, after a sleepless night, I came straight to you by the early train.


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[Assistant] I suppose the local investigation was relaxed while this false clue was being followed up? It was entirely dropped.


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[Assistant] So that three days have been wasted, the affair has been most deplorably handled. I feel it and admit it.


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[Assistant] And yet the problem should be capable of ultimate solution.


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[Assistant] I shall be very happy to look into it. Have you been able to trace any connection between the missing boy and his German master? Not at all. Was he in the master's class?


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[Assistant] Well now, you do not mean to seriously suggest that this German rode off upon a bicycle in the dead of the night, bearing the boy in his arms? Certainly not. Then what is the theory in your mind?


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[Assistant] The bicycle may have been a blind, it may have been hidden somewhere, and the pair gone off on foot. Quite so.


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[Assistant] Would he not have hidden a couple had he desired to give the idea that they had gone off upon them? I suppose he would. Of course he would. The blind theory won't do.


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[Assistant] but the incident is an admirable starting point for an investigation


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[Assistant] The coat of arms was on the envelope, and it was addressed in the duke's peculiarly stiff hand, besides the duke remembers having written. When had he a letter before that? Not for several days. Had he ever one from France? No, never. You see the point of my questions, of course.


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[Assistant] Either the boy was carried off by force, or he went of his own free will. In the latter case you would expect that some prompting from outside would be needed to make so young a lad do such a thing.


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[Assistant] His only correspondent, so far as I know, was his own father.


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[Assistant] Who wrote to him on the very day of his disappearance


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[Assistant] Were the relations between father and son very friendly?


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[Assistant] His grace is never very friendly with anyone.


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[Assistant] He is completely immersed in large public questions, and is rather inaccessible to all ordinary emotions, but he was always kind to the boy in his own way. But the sympathies of the latter were with the mother. Yes. Did he say so? No. The duke, then? Good heaven, no. Then how could you know


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[Assistant] I have had some confidential talks with Mr. James Wilder, his Grace's secretary. It was he who gave me the information about Lord Saltire's feelings.


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[Assistant] I see. By the way, that last letter of the dukes, was it found in the boy's room after he was gone? No, he had taken it with him.


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[Assistant] I think Mr. Holmes, it is time that we were leaving for Euston.


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[Assistant] I will order a full wheeler. In a quarter of an hour we shall be at your service. If you are telegraphing home, Mr. Huxtable, it would be well to allow the people in your neighbourhood to imagine that the inquiry is still going on in Liverpool, or wherever else that red herring led your pack.


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[Assistant] In the meantime, I will do a little quiet work at your own doors, and perhaps the scent is not so cold, but that two old hounds like Watson and myself may get a sniff of it.


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[Assistant] That evening found us in the cold, bracing atmosphere of the peak country, in which Dr. Huxtable's famous school is situated. It was already dark when we reached it.


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[Assistant] A card was lying on the hall table, and the butler whispered something to his master, who turned to us with agitation in every heavy feature. The duke is here, said he. The duke and Mr. Wilder are in the study. Come, gentlemen, and I will introduce you.


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[Assistant] I was of course familiar with the pictures of the famous statesman.


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[Assistant] But the man himself was very different from his representation.


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[Assistant] He was a tall and stately person, scrupulously dressed, with a drawn thin face, and a nose which was grotesquely curved and long.


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[Assistant] His complexion was of a dead pallor, which was more startling by contrast, with a long dwindling beard of vivid red, which flowed down over his white waistcoat, with his watch-chain gleaming through its fringe.


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[Assistant] Such was the stately presence who looked stonely at us from the centre of Dr. Huxtable's hearth-rug. Beside him stood a very young man, whom I understood to be Wilder, the private secretary. He was small, nervous, alert, with intelligent light-blue eyes and mobile features.


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[Assistant] It was he who at once in an incisive and positive tone opened the conversation.


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[Assistant] I called this morning, Dr. Huxtable, too late to prevent you from starting to London. I learned that your object was to invite Mr. Sherlock Holmes to undertake the conduct of this case.


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[Assistant] His Grace is surprised, Dr. Huxtable, that you should have taken such a step without consulting him. When I learned that the police had failed


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[Assistant] You are well aware, Doctor Huxtable, that His Grace is particularly anxious to avoid all public scandal.


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[Assistant] Hardly that, Doctor, hardly that, said Holmes in his blandest voice.


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[Assistant] This northern air is invigorating and pleasant. So I propose to spend a few days upon your moors, and to occupy my mind as best I may. Whether I have the shelter of your roof or the village inn is, of course, for you to decide.


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[Assistant] I could see that the unfortunate doctor was in the last stage of indecision, from which he was rescued by the deep, sonorous voice of the red-bearded duke, which boomed out like a dinner-gong.


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[Assistant] I agree with Mr. Wilder, Doctor Huxtable, that you have done wisely to consult me.


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[Assistant] But since Mr. Holmes has already been taken into your confidence, it would indeed be absurd that we should not avail ourselves of his services.


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[Assistant] Far from going to the inn, Mr. Holmes. I should be pleased if you would come and stay with me at Holderness Hall.


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[Assistant] I thank your grace. For the purposes of my investigation, I think that it would be wiser for me to remain at the scene of the mystery.


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[Assistant] Just as you like, Mr. Holmes. Any information which Mr. Wilder or I can give you is of course at your disposal.


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[Assistant] It will probably be necessary for me to see you at the hall," said Holmes. I would only ask you now, sir, whether you have formed any explanation in your own mind as to the mysterious disappearance of your son. No, sir, I have not.


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[Assistant] Excuse me if I allude to that which is painful to you, but I have no alternative.


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[Assistant] The other most obvious explanation is that the child has been kidnapped for the purpose of levying ransom. You have not had any demand of the sort. No, sir. One more question, your grace.


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[Assistant] I understand that you wrote to your son upon the day when this incident occurred.


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[Assistant] Was there anything in your letter which might have unbalanced him or induced him to take such a step? No, sir, certainly not. Did you post that letter yourself?


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[Assistant] The nobleman's reply was interrupted by his secretary, who broke in with some heat.


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[Assistant] His grace is not in the habit of posting letters himself, said he.


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[Assistant] This letter was laid with others upon the study table, and I myself put them in the post-bag.


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[Assistant] You are sure this one was among them? Yes, I observed it. How many letters did your Grace write that day?


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[Assistant] Twenty or thirty, I have a large correspondence, but surely this is somewhat irrelevant." Not entirely, said Holmes. For my own part, the duke continued.


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[Assistant] I have advised the police to turn their attention to the south of France. I have already said that I do not believe that the duchess would encourage so monstrous an action.


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[Assistant] I think, Dr. Huxtable, that we will now return to the hall.


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[Assistant] I could see that there were other questions which Holmes would have wished to put, but the nobleman's abrupt manner showed that the interview was at an end.


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[Assistant] It was evident that to his intensely aristocratic nature this discussion of his intimate family affairs with a stranger was most abhorrent, and that he feared lest every fresh question would throw a fiercer light into the discreetly shadowed corners of his ducal history.


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[Assistant] When the nobleman and his secretary had left, my friend flung himself at once with characteristic eagerness into the investigation.


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[Assistant] The boy's chamber was carefully examined, and yielded nothing save the absolute conviction that it was only through the window that he could have escaped. The German master's room and effects gave no further clue.


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[Assistant] In his case a trailer of ivy had given way under his weight, and we saw by the light of a lantern the mark on the lawn where his heels had come down.


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[Assistant] That one dint in the short green grass was the only material witness left of this inexplicable nocturnal flight.


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[Assistant] Sherlock Holmes left the house alone, and only returned after eleven.


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[Assistant] He had obtained a large ordnance map of the neighbourhood, and this he brought into my room, where he laid it out on the bed, and having balanced the lamp in the middle of it, he began to smoke over it, and occasionally to point out objects of interest with the reeking amber of his pipe.


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[Assistant] This case grows upon me, Watson, said he.


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[Assistant] There are decidedly some points of interest in connection with it.


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[Assistant] In this early stage I want you to realise those geographical features which may have a good deal to do with our investigation.


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[Assistant] Look at this map. This dark square is the Priory School. I'll put a pin in it. Now, this line is the main road. You see that it runs east and west past the school, and you see also that there is no side road for a mile either way.


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[Assistant] By a singular and happy chance we are able to some extent to check what passed along this road during the night in question.


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[Assistant] At this point, where my pipe is now resting, a county constable was on duty from twelve to six. It is, as you perceive, the first cross-road on the east side.


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[Assistant] This man declares that he was not absent from his post for an instant, and he is positive that neither boy nor man could have gone that way unseen.


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[Assistant] I have spoken with this policeman tonight and he appears to me to be a perfectly reliable person. That blocks this end. We have now to deal with the other.


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[Assistant] There is an inn here, the Red Bull, the landlady of which was ill. She had sent to Mackelton for a doctor.


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[Assistant] But he did not arrive until morning being absent at another case.


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[Assistant] The people at the inn were alert all night, awaiting his coming, and one or other of them seems to have continually had an eye upon the road. They declare that no one passed.


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[Assistant] If their evidence is good, then we are fortunate enough to be able to block the West, and also to be able to say that the fugitives did not use the road at all. But the bicycle, I objected. Quite so. We will come to the bicycle presently.


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[Assistant] To continue our reasoning, if these people did not go by the road, they must have traversed the country to the north of the house or to the south of the house. That is certain. Let us weigh the one against the other.


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[Assistant] On the south of the house is, as you perceive, a large district of arable land cut up into small fields with stone walls between them. There, I admit, that a bicycle is impossible. We can dismiss the idea. We turn to the country on the north.


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[Assistant] Here there lies a grove of trees marked as the Ragged Shore, and on the farther side stretches a great rolling moor, Lower Gilmoor, extending for ten miles and sloping gradually upward.


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[Assistant] Here, at one side of this wilderness, is Holderness Hall, ten miles by road, but only six across the moor. It is a peculiarly desolate plain,


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[Assistant] A few more farmers of small holdings where they rear sheep and cattle, except these the plover and the curlew are the only inhabitants until you come to the Chesterfield High Road.


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[Assistant] There is a church there, you see, a few cottages, and an inn. Beyond that the hills become precipitous.


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[Assistant] Surely it is here to the north that our quest must lie. But the bicycle, I persisted.


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[Assistant] Well, well, said Holmes impatiently, a good cyclist does not need a high road.


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[Assistant] The moor is intersected with paths, and the moon was at the full. Hello, what's this?


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[Assistant] There was an agitated knock at the door, and an instant afterwards Dr Huxtable was in the room.


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[Assistant] In his hand he held a blue cricket cap with a white chevron on the peak.


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[Assistant] In the van of the gypsies who camped on the moor. They left on Tuesday.


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[Assistant] Today the police traced them down and examined their caravan. This was found. How do they account for it?


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[Assistant] They shuffled and lied, said that they found it on the moor on Tuesday morning.


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[Assistant] They know where he is, the rascals. Thank goodness. They're all safe under lock and key.


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[Assistant] Either the fear of the law or the duke's purse will certainly get out of them all that they know.


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[Assistant] So far so good," said Holmes, when the doctor had at last left the room. It at least bears out the theory that it is on the side of the Lower Gilmore that we must hope for results.


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[Assistant] The police have really done nothing locally, save the arrest of those gypsies.


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[Assistant] Look here, Watson. There's a water course across the moor. You see it marked here in the map. In some parts it widens into a morass.


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[Assistant] This is particularly so in the region between Holderness Hall and the school.


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[Assistant] It is vain to look elsewhere for tracks in this dry weather, but at that point there is certainly a chance of some record being left.


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[Assistant] I will call you early tomorrow morning and you and I will try if we can throw some light upon the mystery.


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[Assistant] The day was just breaking when I woke to find the long, thin form of Holmes by my bedside. He was fully dressed, and had apparently already been out.


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[Assistant] I have done the lawn and the bicycle shed," said he. I have also had a rumble through the ragged shore. Now, Watson, there is cocoa ready in the next room. I must beg you to hurry, for we have a great day before us.


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[Assistant] His eyes shone and his cheek was flushed with the exhilaration of the master workman who sees his work lie ready before him.


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[Assistant] A very different Holmes, this active, alert man, from the introspective and pallid dreamer of Baker Street.


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[Assistant] I felt as I looked upon that supple figure, alive with nervous energy, that it was indeed a strenuous day that awaited us.


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[Assistant] And yet it opened in the blackest disappointment. With high hopes we struck across the peaty russet moor, intersected with a thousand sheep-paths, until we came to the broad light-green belt which marked the morass between us and Holderness.


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[Assistant] Certainly if the lad had gone homeward he must have passed this, and he could not pass it without leaving his traces. But no sign of him or the German could be seen.


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[Assistant] With a darkening face my friends strode along the margin, eagerly observant of every muddy stain upon the mossy surface. Sheep-marks there were in profusion, and at one place, some miles down, cows had left their tracks. Nothing more.


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[Assistant] Check number one," said Holmes, looking gloomily over the rolling expanse of the moor.


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[Assistant] There is another morass down yonder, and a narrow neck between—Hello? Hello? Hello? What have we here? We had come on a small black ribbon of pathway


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[Assistant] But Holmes was shaking his head, and his face was puzzled and expectant rather than joyous.


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[Assistant] A bicycle certainly, but not THE bicycle, said he. I am familiar with forty-two different impressions left by tyres. This, as you perceive, is a Dunlop, with a patch upon the outer cover.


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[Assistant] Heidegger's tyres were Palmer's, leaving longitudinal stripes. Aveling, the mathematical master, was sure upon the point. Therefore it is not Heidegger's track. The boys, then?


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[Assistant] Possibly, if we could prove a bicycle to have been in his possession, but this we have utterly failed to do. This track, as you perceive, was made by a rider who was going from the direction of the school—or towards it.


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[Assistant] No, no, my dear Watson. The more deeply sunk impression is, of course, the hind-wheel upon which the weight rests.


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[Assistant] You perceive several places where it has passed across and obliterated the more shallow mark of the front one.


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[Assistant] It was undoubtedly heading away from the school.


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[Assistant] It may or may not be connected with our inquiry, but we will follow it backwards before we get any further.


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[Assistant] We did so, and at the end of a few hundred yards lost the tracks as we emerged from the boggy portion of the moor.


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[Assistant] Following the path backwards we picked out another spot where a spring trickled across it.


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[Assistant] Here, once again, was the mark of the bicycle, though nearly obliterated by the hooves of cows.


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[Assistant] After that there was no sign, but the path ran right on into Ragged Shore, the wood which backed on to the school. From this wood the cycle must have emerged.


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[Assistant] Holmes sat down on a boulder and rested his chin in his hands. I had smoked two cigarettes before he moved.


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[Assistant] Well, well," said he at last, it is of course possible that a cunning man might change the tyres of his bicycle in order to leave the unfamiliar tracks.


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[Assistant] A criminal who was capable of such a thought is a man whom I should be proud to do business with.


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[Assistant] We will leave this question undecided, and hark back to our morass again, for we have left a good deal unexplored.


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[Assistant] We continued our systematic survey of the edge of the sudden portion of the moor.


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[Assistant] And soon our perseverance was gloriously rewarded.


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[Assistant] Right across the lower part of the bog lay a miry path.


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[Assistant] Holmes gave a cry of delight as he approached it. An impression like a fine bundle of telegraph wires ran down the centre of it. It was the Palmer tyres.


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[Assistant] Here is Herr Heidegger, sure enough," cried Holmes exultantly. My reasoning seems to have been pretty sound, Watson. I congratulate you.


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[Assistant] But we have a long way still to go. Kindly walk clear of the path. Now let us follow the trail. I fear that it will not lead very far.


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[Assistant] We found, however, as we advanced, that this portion of the moor is intersected with soft patches, and though we frequently lost sight of the track, we always succeeded in picking it up once more.


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[Assistant] Do you observe," said Holmes, that the rider is now undoubtedly forcing the pace? There can be no doubt of it. Look at this impression where you get both tyres clear. The one is as deep as the other.


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[Assistant] That can only mean that the rider is throwing his weight on to the handlebar, as a man does when he is sprinting. By Jove! He's had a fall!


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[Assistant] There was a broad irregular smudge covering some yards of the track. Then there were a few footmarks, and the tyre reappeared once more. A side-slip, I suggested.


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[Assistant] Holmes held up a crumpled branch of flowering gorse. To my horror I perceived that the yellow blossoms were all dabbed with crimson.


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[Assistant] On the path too, and among the heather, Were dark stains of clotted blood.


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[Assistant] He was surely not gored by a bull. Impossible.


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[Assistant] But I see no traces of anyone else. We must push on, Watson. Surely with stains as well as the track to guide us he cannot escape us now.


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[Assistant] Our search was not a very long one. The tracks of the tyre began to curve fantastically upon the wet and shining paths


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[Assistant] Suddenly, as I looked ahead, the gleam of metal caught my eye from amid the thick gorse bushes. Out of them we dragged a bicycle. Palmer tired, one pedal bent, and the whole front of it horribly smeared and slobbered with blood.


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[Assistant] On the other side of the bushes a shoe was projecting.


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[Assistant] We ran round, and there lay the unfortunate rider.


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[Assistant] He was a tall man, full-bearded with spectacles, one glass of which had been knocked out.


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[Assistant] The cause of his death was a frightful blow upon the head, which had crushed in part of his skull.


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[Assistant] But he could have gone on after receiving such an injury, said much for the vitality and courage of the man.


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[Assistant] He wore shoes but no socks, and his open coat disclosed a night-shirt beneath it. It was undoubtedly the German master.


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[Assistant] Holmes turned the body over reverently and examined it with great attention.


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[Assistant] He then sat in deep thought for a time, and I could see by his ruffled brow that this grim discovery had not, in his opinion, advanced as much in our inquiry.


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[Assistant] It is a little difficult to know what to do, Watson," said he at last. My own inclinations are to push this inquiry on, for we have already lost so much time that we cannot afford to waste another hour.


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[Assistant] On the other hand, we are bound to inform the police of the discovery, and to see that this poor fellow's body is looked after. I could take a note back. But I need your company and assistance. Wait a bit. There is a fellow cutting Pete up yonder.


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[Assistant] Bring him over here, and he will guide the police.


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[Assistant] Oh, you lose, dolphin.


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[Assistant] Oh, it skips! I can skip too!


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[Assistant] Welcome to this session about the habit of complaining.


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[Assistant] Start by sitting upright and getting comfortable.


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[Assistant] Just rest the hands gently, so they feel relaxed.


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[Assistant] Fuck your chin slightly. Soften your neck.


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[Assistant] And when you're ready, close your eyes.


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[Assistant] Take a few moments to simply be here now, noticing whatever's in your experience.


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[Assistant] Notice where the start of the inhalation is and where it connects to the exhalation.


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[Assistant] If you're having a difficult time anchoring your attention, feel free to begin the practice of counting.


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[Assistant] At the very end of your out breath, mentally count one.


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[Assistant] And inhale again, and at the end of your next out breath, mentally count two.


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[Assistant] Keep counting in this way until you reach ten. Then start counting backwards until you reach one again.


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[Assistant] Inhaling and exhaling, counting one.


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[Assistant] Return to the graph, over and over.


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[Assistant] Now relax your attention. Relax the body.


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[Assistant] Today I thought I'd talk about one of the bad habits many of us fall into, complaining. We all do it, myself included. We complain about the humid weather, an incessant headache, an annoying co-worker, a corrupt government.


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[Assistant] And it's amazing how imperceptibly complaints can slip into our thoughts and conversations. It doesn't feel like complaining.


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[Assistant] It feels like we're just observing the unfortunate truths about the world and our lives. There are several reasons we complain. Sometimes we're venting unpleasant emotions.


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[Assistant] Sometimes we're hoping that whoever we're complaining to will solve our problem. But there's one motivation behind complaining that we're often unaware of.


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[Assistant] Sometimes we complain because we just want a fellow human being to acknowledge our suffering. It feels like complaining is cleansing and cathartic.


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[Assistant] But the truth is that complaining rarely relieves us of suffering. In fact, in a sense, complaining is suffering.


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[Assistant] When we complain about difficult people or unwanted circumstances.


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[Assistant] So to change the habit of complaining, I have two suggestions you can try.


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[Assistant] I work on both in my own life with varying success depending on the day.


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[Assistant] We can see the problems behind our complaints as passing circumstances that will ebb and flow, rise and fall.


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[Assistant] The reality of impermanence also helps remind us that nothing lasts forever, making it easier to prioritize our challenges and put small grievances in a larger perspective.


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[Assistant] The second suggestion is every time we become aware that we're complaining,


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[Assistant] But now we're discussing the problem constructively. As William Arthur Ward said, the pessimist complains about the wind. The optimist expects it to change. The realist adjusts the sails.


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[Assistant] And as we end our session, gently awaken the senses.


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[Assistant] I read this interview with Fisk where he said he loved art with a purpose.


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[Assistant] But they also found a bunch of secret passages in his house hidden behind art, so...


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[Assistant] They're so... callous about it.


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[Assistant] Off my bucket list! A theater, huh? That's...


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[Assistant] Dramatic. You said it. That'd be the Gem Theater.


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[Assistant] Hey man, I'm thinking. What if you told Finn you're Spider-Man?


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[Assistant] Bro, talking to her is easier than sneaking around behind her back.


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[Assistant] City on my back, I'm committed. This is where we come from. Yeah, we made it.


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[Assistant] Maybe Mei had a point. Can't take too much on. Something's gotta give. I should go check on MJ.


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[Assistant] Just substitute teaching in between getting fired. I've also been tutoring a high school kid. He's... special. Reminds me a little of me, actually.


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[Assistant] That's one way to put it, yeaah. I wish you'd been around. Harry, why didn't you tell me you were sick? I'd have been there in a shock.


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[Assistant] Wait, we're at Midtown High. Is that actually where we're going?


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[Assistant] Nothing yet. I've been busy and, I don't know, feels weird to change it.


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[Assistant] They are very far. What can I do?


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[Assistant] Adventure 7 The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton


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[Assistant] It is years since the incidents of which I speak took place, and yet it is with diffidence that I allude to them.


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[Assistant] For a long time, even with the utmost discretion and reticence, it would have been impossible to make the facts public.


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[Assistant] But now the principal person concerned is beyond the reach of human law, and with due suppression the story may be told in such fashion as to injure no one.


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[Assistant] It records an absolutely unique experience in the career both of Mr Sherlock Holmes and of myself.


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[Assistant] The reader will excuse me if I conceal the date or any other fact by which he might trace the actual occurrence.


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[Assistant] We have been out for one of our evening rambles, Holmes and I, and had returned about six o'clock on a cold, frosty winter's evening.


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[Assistant] As Holmes turned up the lamp, the light fell upon a card on the table.


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[Assistant] He glanced at it, and then with an ejaculation of disgust threw it on the floor.


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[Assistant] The worst man in London, Holmes answered, as he sat down and stretched his legs before the fire. Is anything on the back of the card? I turned it over.


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[Assistant] Hmm, he's about you. Do you feel a creeping, shrinking sensation, Watson, when you stand before the serpents in the zoo and see the slithery, gliding, venomous creatures with their deadly eyes and wicked, flattened faces?


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[Assistant] Well, that's how Milverton impresses me. I've had to do with fifty murderers in my career, but the worst of them never gave me the repulsion which I have for this fellow. And yet I can't get out of doing business with him. Indeed, he's here at my invitation. But who is he?


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[Assistant] I'll tell you, Watson, he is the king of all the blackmailers.


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[Assistant] Heaven help the man, and still more the woman, whose secret and reputation come into the power of Milverton.


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[Assistant] With a smiling face and a heart of marble he will squeeze and squeeze until he has drained them dry. The fellow is a genius in his way, and would have made his mark in some more savoury trade. His method is as follows.


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[Assistant] He allows it to be known that he is prepared to pay very high sums for letters which compromise people of wealth and position. He receives these wares, not only from treacherous valets or maids, but frequently from genteel ruffians who have gained the confidence and affection of trusting women.


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[Assistant] He deals with no niggard hand. I happen to know that he paid £700 to a footman for a note two lines in length, and that the ruin of a noble family was the result.


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[Assistant] Everything which is in the market goes to Milverton, and there are hundreds in this great city who turn white at his name.


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[Assistant] No one knows where his grip may fall, for he is far too rich and far too cunning to work from hand to mouth. He will hold a card back for years in order to play it at the moment when the stake is best worth winning.


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[Assistant] I said that he is the worst man in London, and I would ask you how could one compare the ruffian who in hot blood bludgeons his mate with this man who methodically, and at his leisure, tortures the soul and rings the nerves in order to add to his already swollen money-bags.


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[Assistant] I have seldom heard my friends speak with such intensity of feeling. But surely, said I, the fellow must be within the grasp of the law.


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[Assistant] What would it profit a woman, for example, to get him a few months imprisonment, if her own ruin must immediately follow? His victims dare not hit back.


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[Assistant] If ever he blackmailed an innocent person, then indeed we should have him, but he is as cunning as the evil one.


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[Assistant] Because an illustrious client has placed her piteous case in my hands. It is the Lady Eva Blackwell, the most beautiful debutante of last season. She is to be married in a fortnight to the Earl of Dovercourt.


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[Assistant] This fiend has several imprudent letters. Imprudent, Watson, nothing worse, which were written to an impecunious young squire in the country. They would suffice to break off the match.


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[Assistant] Milburton will send the letters to the Earl, unless a large sum of money is paid him. I have been commissioned to meet him, and to make the best terms I can.


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[Assistant] At that instant there was a clatter and a rattle in the street below. Looking down I saw a stately carriage and pear, the brilliant lamps gleaming on the glossy haunches of the noble chestnuts. A footman opened the door, and a small stout man in a shaggy Astrakhan overcoat descended. A minute later he was in the room.


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[Assistant] Charles Augustus Milverton was a man of fifty, with a large intellectual head, round plump hairless face, a perpetual frozen smile, and two keen grey eyes which gleamed brightly from behind broad gold-rimmed glasses.


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[Assistant] There was something of Mr Pickwick's benevolence in his appearance, marred only by the insincerity of the fixed smile, and by the hard glitter of those restless and penetrating eyes.


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[Assistant] His voice was as smooth and suave as his countenance, as he advanced with a plump little hand extended, murmuring his regret for having missed us at his first visit.


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[Assistant] Holmes disregarded the outstretched hand and looked at him with a face of granite.


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[Assistant] Milverton's smile broadened. He shrugged his shoulders, removed his overcoat, folded it with great deliberation over the back of a chair, and then took a seat.


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[Assistant] This gentleman," said he, with a wave in my direction,—is it discreet? Is it right? Dr. Watson is my friend and partner.


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[Assistant] Very good, Mr. Holmes. It is only in your client's interests that I protested. The matter is so very delicate. Dr. Watson has already heard of it. Then we can proceed to business.


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[Assistant] You say that you're acting for Lady Eva. Has she empowered you to accept my terms? What are your terms? Seven thousand pounds. And the alternative?


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[Assistant] My dear sir, it is painful for me to discuss it, but if the money is not paid on the fourteenth, there certainly will be no marriage on the eighteenth.


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[Assistant] His insufferable smile was more complacent than ever. Holmes thought for a while.


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[Assistant] You appear to me, he said at last, to be taking matters too much for granted.


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[Assistant] I am of course familiar with the contents of these letters. My client will certainly do what I may advise.


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[Assistant] I shall counsel her to tell her future husband the whole story, and to trust to his generosity."


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[Assistant] From the baffled look upon Holmes's face I could see clearly that he did. What harm is there in the letters? he asked.


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[Assistant] They are sprightly, very sprightly," Milverton answered.


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[Assistant] The lady was a charming correspondent, but I can assure you that the Earl of Dover Court would fail to appreciate them.


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[Assistant] However, since you think otherwise, we'll let it rest at that.


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[Assistant] It is purely a matter of business. If you think that it is in the best interests of your client that these letters should be placed in the hands of the Earl, then you would indeed be foolish to pay so large a sum of money to regain them." He rose and seized his Astrakhan coat.


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[Assistant] Holmes was grey with anger and mortification.


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[Assistant] Wait a little," he said. You go too fast. We should certainly make every effort to avoid scandal in so delicate a matter. Milverton relapsed into his chair.


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[Assistant] I was sure that you would see it in that light," he purred. At the same time, Holmes continued, Lady Eva is not a wealthy woman.


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[Assistant] I assure you that two thousand pounds would be a drain upon her resources.


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[Assistant] And that the sum you name is utterly beyond her power.


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[Assistant] I beg therefore that you will moderate your demands and that you will return the letters at the price I indicate, which is, I assure you, the highest that you can get.


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[Assistant] Milverton's smile broadened and his eyes twinkled humorously.


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[Assistant] I am aware that what you say is true about the lady's resources," said he.


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[Assistant] They may hesitate as to an acceptable wedding present.


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[Assistant] Let me assure them that this little bundle of letters would give more joy than all the candelabra and butter dishes in London. It is impossible, said Holmes.


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[Assistant] Dear me, dear me, how unfortunate, cried Milverton, taking out a bulky pocketbook.


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[Assistant] I cannot help thinking that ladies are ill advised in not making an effort. Look at this.


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[Assistant] He held up a little note with a coat of arms upon the envelope.


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[Assistant] That belongs to, well, perhaps it is hardly fair to tell the name until tomorrow morning.


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[Assistant] But at that time it will be in the hands of the lady's husband.


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[Assistant] And all because she will not find a beggarly sum which she could get by turning her diamonds into paste.


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[Assistant] Now you remember the sudden end of the engagement between the Honourable Miss Miles and Colonel Dawking? Only two days before the wedding there was a paragraph in the morning post to say that it was all off, and why?


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[Assistant] It is almost incredible, but the absurd sum of twelve hundred pounds would have settled the whole question. Is it not pitiful?


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[Assistant] The money cannot be found. Surely it is better for you to take the substantial sum which I offer, and to ruin this woman's career which can profit you in no way.


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[Assistant] There you make a mistake, Mr. Holmes. An exposure would profit me indirectly to a considerable extent.


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[Assistant] I have eight or ten similar cases maturing. If it was circulated among them that I had made a severe example of the Lady Eva, I should find all of them much more open to reason. You see my point." Holmes sprang from his chair. Get behind him, Watson. Don't let him out.


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[Assistant] Now sir, let us see the contents of that notebook.


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[Assistant] He said, turning the front of his coat and exhibiting the butt of a large revolver, which projected from the inside pocket.


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[Assistant] I have been expecting you to do something original. This has been done so often, and what good has ever come from it?


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[Assistant] I assure you that I am armed to the teeth, and I am perfectly prepared to use my weapons, knowing that the law will support me.


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[Assistant] Besides, your supposition that I would bring the letters here in a notebook is entirely mistaken. I would do nothing so foolish.


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[Assistant] And now, gentlemen, I have one or two little interviews this evening and it is a long drive to Hampstead.


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[Assistant] He stepped forward, took up his coat, laid his hand on his revolver, and turned to the door. I picked up a chair, but Holmes shook his head, and I laid it down again. With bow, a smile, and twinkle, Milverton was out of the room.


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[Assistant] And a few moments after we heard the slam of the carriage door and the rattle of the wheels as he drove away.


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[Assistant] Home sat motionless by the fire, his hands buried deep in his trouser pockets, his chin sunk upon his breast, his eyes fixed upon the glowing embers.


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[Assistant] For half an hour he was silent and still. Then, with the gesture of a man who has taken his decision, he sprang to his feet and passed into his bedroom.


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[Assistant] A little later, a rakish young workman with a goatee beard and a swagger lit his clay pipe at the lamp before descending into the street.


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[Assistant] I'll be back some time, Watson," said he, and vanished into the night.


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[Assistant] I understood that he had opened his campaign against Charles Augustus Milverton, but I little dreamed the strange shape which that campaign was destined to take.


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[Assistant] For some days Holmes came and went at all hours in this attire, but beyond the remark that his time was spent at Hampstead, and that it was not wasted, I knew nothing of what he was doing.


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[Assistant] At last, however, on a wild tempestuous evening, when the wind screamed and rattled against the windows, he returned from his last expedition, and, having removed his disguise, he sat before the fire and laughed heartily in his silent inward fashion. You would not call me a marrying man, Watson? No, indeed. You will be interested to hear that I am engaged. My dear fellow, I congr—


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[Assistant] I am a plumber with a rising business, Escott by name. I have walked out with her each evening, and I have talked with her. Good heavens, those talks! However, I have got all I wanted. I know Milverton's house as I know the palm of my hand. But the girl, Holmes—he shrugged his shoulders—you can't help it, my dear Watson.


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[Assistant] You must play your cards as best you can when such a steak is on the table.


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[Assistant] However, I rejoice to say that I have a hated rival who will certainly cut me out the instant that my back is turned. What a splendid night it is. You like this weather?


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[Assistant] It suits my purpose, Watson. I mean to burgle Milverton's house tonight.


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[Assistant] I had a catching of the breath, and my skin went cold at the words which were slowly uttered in a tone of concentrated resolution.