[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can see that there's a double negative here, which is confusing.


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[Assistant] So how would we turn that one into a positive? You would just say, she wanted to perform the experiment correctly. That's obviously much clearer.


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[Assistant] Or how about they did not believe the drug was harmful. How would you turn that into a positive? You would say they believed the drug was safe.


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[Assistant] So there's almost always a way to turn a negative into a positive. Instead of not honest, you can say dishonest. Instead of not harmful, say safe. Not important, you can just say unimportant. Does not have, that's lax.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did not remember, you can say forgot, did not pay attention to, say ignored, did not succeed, failed, you get the idea.


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[Assistant] So pay attention to this in your writing. Sometimes you have to be a little clever about it, but if you think about it carefully, you can usually find a way to put it in the positive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also pay attention to superfluous uses of there are and there is. Here's a simple example. There are many ways in which we can arrange the pulleys.


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[Assistant] On first read, you may feel like the there are is needed, but it's really not. We can just say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can arrange the pulleys in many ways. You can drop the there are altogether. Here's another example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a long line of bacteria on the plate. How can we get rid of the there was here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How about if we just say, bacteria lined the plate. You can see by getting rid of the there was, we get a much more exciting verb lined rather than a to be verb was.


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[Assistant] Or try, there are many physicists who like to write. You can just cut the there are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Completely without rearranging the sentence at all. Instead of saying, there are many physicists who like to write, just say, many physicists like to write. The there are was completely unnecessary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or the data confirm that there is an association between vegetables and cancer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can change that to the data confirm and association between vegetables and cancer.


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[Assistant] So when you find yourself writing a there is or a there are or a there was, check and make sure that it's really necessary. A lot of times you can get rid of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, another thing that I want you to start paying attention to are needless prepositions. Often prepositions like that and on are completely unnecessary. And when you have to get your word count down, like in an abstract, this is a good place to strip some extra words. For example, the meeting happened on Monday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just say they agreed it was true. You don't need the that.


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[Assistant] So you can often get rid of extraneous prepositions. You might think you need them.


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[Assistant] But if you take them out, you realize that you actually don't.


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[Assistant] Then you get to call the whole ocean your home. Oh look, Ten! It's a baby!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right! They breathe air through something called a blowhole.


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[Assistant] How long till he's all grown up? At least two or three years. That's plenty of time to snuggle and learn from mom.


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[Assistant] Aww, he did it! Did you know he drinks about 150 liters every time he nurses? Wow! That's 150 bottles of milk!


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[Assistant] Yes, but this is serious. His mother is in the middle of teaching him a special whale trick. You'll see. Wow, a wall of bubbles. Oh, I know. They're fishing. The bubbles trap the fish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's so clever. If I was a humpback whale, I'd be the bubble trap fishing champ.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is she doing with the coral, Tem? She's snacking on seaweed and sea sponges.


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[Assistant] She's gotta find all the urchins, jellyfish, and sponges she can. She's been swimming hundreds of miles. And I know why. She's returning to the beach that she was born at so she can lay her eggs. Right, Ten?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, and it's hard work walking on land with such a heavy shell. Maybe so, but our Marina can do everything so gracefully. Swim, walk, and dig.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Back to sea! Her babies will hatch on their own in two months.


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[Assistant] Now if I were an animal, I'd want to be a tortoise. I'll call her Chloe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aww, it's a miniature Chloe. Go wash up now. She should also get a drink of water. And find some food.


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[Assistant] It's tough being the mother hyena. She never gets a break. That's gotta tickle.


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[Assistant] She's the future leader of the pack, so she's always had a bit of an attitude. Okay, I'll go, but I'll do it all on my own. Did you see that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No Emma, she's sharpening her teeth to make chomping and chewing easier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I were an animal, I'd want to be a Camargue horse.


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[Assistant] The horses are doing it too. They're helping each other out. They're like one big family where everyone takes care of each other.


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[Assistant] Banjo is much happier in the sun. But I thought horses slept standing up.


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[Assistant] They do, but fools don't. Banjo will learn how when he grows up, so he can quickly get away from danger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I were an animal, I could also be a pato course. Then you'd be a tough little two-colored pony, built for mountain life.


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[Assistant] I'm going to call him Paulie. Your friend Paulie looks like he has big plans for today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I were aquatic, I'd live free and climb the mountain at full speed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I work collaboratively on a number of documents. And in a perfect world, all of my colleagues would know how to use styles. But in fact, many of them don't. They'll simply go in and bold some text or add a color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps select some other text and make some other changes and I am supposed to be able to figure out what it means. What they are trying to tell us by the changes that they have made in the text.


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[Assistant] One section is different than another. Wouldn't it be great if I could just encourage them to use styles by making sure that they have to use the styles in the document? Yes, it would be great, and yes, I can do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's what the process looks like. First I need to determine what styles I'd like people to be able to use and what styles are already in use in the document.


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[Assistant] Then I'm going to remove the styles I don't want them to use.


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[Assistant] And protect the document by restricting formatting to the styles that I have allowed.


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[Assistant] I'm going to clear the formatting here so this document looks like it did at the start.


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[Assistant] I'm going to click the Developer tab and choose Restrict Editing and the Restrict Editing task pane opens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to limit formatting to a selection of styles. When I click settings here are the selection of styles that are available.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now there are several choices. One is all styles. This is a really big list. Recommended minimum styles. Many of them now are turned off.


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[Assistant] For example, what we have is we have comments allowed,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have no grid table styles. Well, that's gonna be a little bit of a problem, but all of the heading styles are allowed. And I get to make these choices. All of the table of contents styles are allowed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I wanted to make sure that I had a few table styles, for example, a colorful list in accent one and two and three.


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[Assistant] And a colorful shaded list, including accent 1, 2, and 3, and some grid tables.


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[Assistant] I don't have to allow all of them, but I do need to allow some tables.


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[Assistant] It says this document may contain formatting or styles that aren't allowed. Do I want to remove them? Yes. So now the only styles that remain in this document are the styles that I chose just a moment ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's good to review the document after you do that and make sure


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That you have all the styles that you want. If not, we could return to settings and add a couple more styles to the list.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we're ready, I'm going to start enforcing protection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Enter a password. This should be a password that you'll use for either all of the documents that you protect or many of the documents that you protect. For example, all the documents that are reports might have one set of passwords.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For myself in Microsoft Outlook because someone needs to be able to log in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As me to get to Outlook to look for example at my notes, which is where I keep them. You could also keep them in a password vault.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not going to enter a strong password, I'm just going to enter a sample password and click okay. Now, what have we done? Click on home. Here are the styles that are allowed. Notice that if I look at the font group.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the paragraph group I can show hide formatting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can clear all formatting, but I can't bold italics, modify fonts and so on. Let's make sure I did enough with the tables. I want to insert a table. I can.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with my table here, if I go to the table design, I have a few choices that I provided right here. If I wanted more choices, I would add them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in my original gallery, I can point to any of the tables and find out whether it's grid table one light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dark, shaded, and so on. But I like this. This works well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And my users can do all the formatting they want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Restrict editing. Stop protection. You'll be required to enter the password. All the formatting choices now are back on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Restricting editing is incredibly powerful because it protects your documents. It allows everyone to collaborate


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Folks, some information about styles so they know broadly how to use them and what they should use them for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can restrict editing not just on documents, but also on templates.


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[Assistant] It was nine o'clock at night upon the second of August, the most terrible August in the history of the world.


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[Assistant] One might have thought already that God's curse hung heavy over a degenerate world, for there was an awesome hush and a feeling of vague expectancy in the sultry and stagnant air. The sun had long set, but one blood-red gash, like an open wound, lay low in the distant west.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Above the stars were shining brightly, and below the lights of the shipping glimmered in the bay.


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[Assistant] The two famous Germans stood beside the stone parapet of the garden walk with a long, low, heavily gabled house behind them, and they looked down upon the broad sweep of the beach at the foot of the great chalk cliff in which von Bork, like some wandering eagle, had perched himself four years before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They stood with their heads close together, talking in low, confidential tones. From below the two glowing ends of their cigars might have been the smouldering eyes of some malignant fiend looking down in the darkness. A remarkable man, this von Bork.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A man who could hardly be matched among all the devoted agents of the Kaiser.


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[Assistant] It was his talents which had first recommended him for the English mission, the most important mission of all. But since he had taken it over those talents had become more and more manifest to the half-dozen people in the world who were really in touch with the truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of these was his present companion, Baron von Herrling.


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[Assistant] The Chief Secretary of the Legation, whose huge 100-horsepower Benz car, was blocking the country lane as it waited to waft its owner back to London.


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[Assistant] So far as I can judge the trend of events, you will probably be back in Berlin within the week," the secretary was saying. When you get there, my dear Van Bork, I think you will be surprised at the welcome you will receive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I happen to know what is thought in the highest quarters of your work in this country.


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[Assistant] He was a huge man, the secretary, deep, broad, and tall, with a slow, heavy fashion of speech which had been his main asset in his political career. Von Bork laughed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are not very hard to deceive," he remarked. A more docile, simple folk could not be imagined.


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[Assistant] I don't know about that," said the other thoughtfully. They have strange limits, and one must learn to observe them. It is that surfaced simplicity of theirs which makes a trap for the stranger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have, for example, their insular conventions, which simply must be observed. Meaning good form, and what sort of thing, von Bork sighed as one who had suffered much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meaning British prejudice in all its queer manifestations.


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[Assistant] As an example I may quote one of my own worst blunders.


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[Assistant] I can afford to talk of my blunders, for you know my work very well. To be aware of my successes. It was on my first arrival I was invited to a weekend gathering at the country house of a cabinet minister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly. Well, I naturally sent a resume of the information to Berlin. Unfortunately, our good Chancellor is a little heavy-handed in these matters, and he transmitted a remark which showed that he was aware of what had been said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This of course took the trail straight up to me. You've no idea the harm that it did me. There was nothing soft about our British hosts on that occasion, I can assure you. I was two years living it down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you with this sporting pose of yours.


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[Assistant] No, no, don't call it a pose. A pose is an artificial thing. This is quite natural. I am a born sportsman. I enjoy it.


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[Assistant] Well, that makes it more effective. You yacht against them, you hunt with them, you play polo. You match them in every game. Your four in hand takes a prize at Olympia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've even heard that you go the length of boxing with the young officers. What is the result?


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[Assistant] Nobody takes you seriously. You are a good old sport, quite a decent fellow for a German, a hard drinking, night club, knockabout town, devil-may-care young fellow.


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[Assistant] And all the time this quiet country house of yours is the centre of half the mischief in England, and the sporting squire the most astute secret serviceman in Europe. Genius, my dear von Bock, genius.


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[Assistant] You flatter me, Baron, but certainly I may claim for four years in this country they have not been unproductive. I've never shown you my little store. Would you mind stepping in for a moment?


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[Assistant] The door of the study opened straight onto the terrace. Von Bork pushed it back, and leading the way, he clicked the switch of the electric light.


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[Assistant] He then closed the door behind the bulky form which followed him, and carefully adjusted the heavy curtain over the lattice window.


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[Assistant] Only when all these precautions had been taken and tested did he turn his sunburned aquiline face to his guest.


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[Assistant] Some of my papers have gone, said he. When my wife and the household left yesterday for flushing, they took the less important with them.


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[Assistant] I must of course claim the protection of the Embassy for the others.


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[Assistant] Your name has already been filed as one of the personal suite. There will be no difficulties for you or your baggage. Of course, it is just possible that we may not have to go. England may leave France to her fate. We are sure that there is no binding treaty between them. And Belgium? Yes, and Belgium, too." Van Bork shook his head. I don't see how that could be. There is a definite treaty there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She could never recover from such a humiliation. She would at least have peace for the moment. But her honor! Tut, my dear sir. We live in a utilitarian age. Honor is a medieval conception.


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[Assistant] Besides, England is not ready. It is an inconceivable thing, but even our special war tax of fifteen million, which one would think made our purpose as clear as if we had advertised it on the front page of the Times, has not roused these people from their slumbers. Here and there one hears a question. It is my business to find an answer. Here and there also there is an irritation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I can assure you that so far as the essentials go, the storage of munitions, the preparation for submarine attack, the arrangements for making high explosives, nothing is prepared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How then can England come in, especially when we have stirred her up such a devil's brew of Irish civil war, window-breaking furies, and God knows what, to keep her thoughts at home? She must think of her future. Ah, that is another matter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I fancy that in the future we have our own very definite plans about England, and that your information will be very vital to us.


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[Assistant] It is today or tomorrow with Mr. John Bull. If he prefers today we are perfectly ready. If it is tomorrow we shall be more ready still.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I should think they would be wiser to fight with allies than without them, but that is their own affair. This week is their week of destiny, but you were speaking of your papers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He sat in the armchair with the light shining upon his broad bald head, while he puffed sedately at his cigar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The large oak-paneled book-lined room had a curtain hung in the further corner. When this was drawn, it disclosed a large brass-bound safe. Von Bork detached a small key from his watch-chain, and after some considerable manipulation of the lock, he swung open the heavy door. "'Look,' said he, standing clear with a wave of his hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The light shone vividly into the open safe, and the secretary of the Embassy gazed with an absorbed interest at the rows of stuffed pigeon-holes with which it was furnished.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each pigeon-hole had its label, and his eyes, as he glanced along them, read a long series of such titles as Fords, Harbour Defences, Aeroplanes, Ireland, Egypt, Portsmouth Forts, the Channel, Rosyth, and a score of others.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each compartment was bristling with papers and plans.


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[Assistant] Colossal! said the secretary, putting down his cigar. He softly clapped his fat hands.


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[Assistant] And in all four years, Baron, not such a bad show for the hard-drinking, hard-riding country squire, but the gem of my collection is coming, and there is the setting already for it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He pointed to a space over which naval signals was printed. But you have a good dossier there already. Out of date and waste paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Admiralty in some way got the alarm, and every code has been changed. It was a blow, Baron. The worst setback in my whole campaign. But thanks to my checkbook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the good Altamont, all will be well tonight.


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[Assistant] The Baron looked at his watch and gave a guttural exclamation of disappointment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can imagine that things are moving at present in Carlton Terrace and that we have all to be at our posts. I had hoped to be able to bring news of your great


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In our code everything likely to come up is named after some spare part. If he talks of a radiator, it is a battleship, of an oil pump, a cruiser, and so on, sparking plugs on naval signals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From Portsmouth at midday," said the secretary, examining the superscription, by the way, what do you give him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are useful, these traitors, but I grudge them their blood money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I grudge Altamont Nassing. He is a wonderful worker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you heard him talk, you would not doubt it.


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[Assistant] Sometimes, I assure you, I can hardly understand him. He seems to have declared war on the King's English as well as on the English King. Must you really go? He may be here any moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I am sorry, but I have already overstayed my time. We shall expect you early to-morrow, and when you get that signal-book through the little door on the Duke of York's steps, you can put a triumphant feeny to your record in England. What? To-kay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He indicated a heavily sealed dust-covered bottle which stood with two high glasses upon a salver. May I offer you a glass before your journey?


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[Assistant] No thanks, but it looks like reverie.


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[Assistant] Altamont has a nice taste in vines, and he took a fancy to my touquet.


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[Assistant] He is a touchy fellow and needs humouring and small things. I have to study him, I assure you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They had strolled out onto the terrace again, and along it to the further end, where, at a touch from the baron's chauffeur, the great car shivered and chuckled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those are the lights of Harwich, I suppose," said the secretary, pulling on his dustcoat. How still and peaceful it all seems! There may be other lights within the week, and the English coast a less tranquil place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The heavens, too, may not be quite so peaceful if all that the good zeppelin promises us comes true. By the way, who is that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only one window showed a light behind them. In it there stood a lamp, and beside it, seated at a table, was a dear old ruddy-faced woman in a country cap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was bending over her knitting and stopping occasionally to stroke a large black cat upon a stool beside her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is Marsa, as the only servant I have left. The secretary chuckled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She might almost personify Britannia, said he.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the final wave of his hand he sprang into the car, and a moment later the two golden cones from the headlights shot through the darkness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The secretary lay back in the cushions of the luxurious limousine with his thoughts so full of the impending European tragedy that he hardly observed that as his car swung round the village street it nearly passed over a little ford coming in the opposite direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] von Bock walked slowly back to the study, when the last gleams of the motor-lamps had faded into the distance. As he passed, he observed that his old housekeeper had put out her lamp and retired.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a new experience to him, the silence and darkness of his widespread house, for his family and household had been a large one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a relief to him, however, to think that they were all in safety, and that, but for that one old woman who had lingered in the kitchen, he had the whole place to himself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a good deal of tidying up to do inside his study, and he set himself to do it until his keen, handsome face was flushed with the heat of the burning papers. A leather valise stood beside his table, and into this he began to pack very neatly and systematically the precious contents of his safe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had hardly got started with the work, however, when his quick ears caught the sounds of a distant car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instantly he gave an exclamation of satisfaction, strapped up the valise, shut the safe, locked it, and hurried out onto the terrace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was just in time to see the lights of a small car come to a halt at the gate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A passenger sprang out of it and advanced swiftly toward him, while the chauffeur, a heavily built elderly man with a grey moustache, settled down like one who resigns himself to a long vigil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well? asked Von Bork eagerly, running forward to meet his visitor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For answer the man waved a small brown paper parcel triumphantly above his head.


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[Assistant] Same as I said in my cable. Every last one of them—semaphore, lamp, cold, marconi—a copy, mind you, not the original. That was too dangerous. But it's the real goods, and you can lay to that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He slapped the German upon the shoulder with a rough familiarity from which the other winced.


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[Assistant] Come in, he said. I'm all alone in the house. I was only waiting for this. Of course, a copy is better than the original.


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[Assistant] If an original were missing, they would change the whole thing. You think it's all safe about the copy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Irish American had entered the study and stretched his long limbs from the armchair.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was a tall, gaunt man of sixty, with clear-cut features and a small, goatee beard, which gave him a general resemblance to the caricatures of Uncle Sam. A half-smoked, sodden cigar hung from the corner of his mouth, and as he sat down he struck a match and relit it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Making ready for a move?" he remarked as he looked round him.


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[Assistant] Say, mister," he added, as his eyes fell upon the safe, from which the curtain was now removed, you don't tell me you keep your papers and that. Why not?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gosh, in a wide open contraption like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they reckon you to be some spy? Why, a Yankee crook would be into that with a can opener. If I'd known that any letter of mine was going to lie loose in a thing like that, I'd have been a mug to write to you at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would puzzle any crook to force that safe," Von Bork answered. You won't cut that metal with any tool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, it's a double combination lock. You know what that is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Search me," said the American. Well, you need a word as well as a set of figures before you can get the lock to work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's not quite as simple as you thought. It was four years ago that I had it made, and what do you think I chose for the word and figures? It's beyond me. Well, I chose August for the word and 1914 for the figures, and here we are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The American's face showed his surprise and admiration.


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[Assistant] My, but that was smart. You had it down to a fine thing.


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[Assistant] Yes, a few of us even then could have guessed the date.


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[Assistant] Here it is, and I'm shutting down tomorrow morning.


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[Assistant] Well, I guess you'll have to fix me up also. I'm not staying in this goddamn country all m'lonesome. In a week or less, from what I see, John Bull will be on his hind legs and fair ramping. I'd rather watch him from over the water. But you're an American citizen.


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[Assistant] Well, so was Jack James, an American citizen.


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[Assistant] But he's doing time in Portland all the same. It cuts no ice with a British copper to tell him you're an American citizen.


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[Assistant] It's British law and order over here," says he. By the way, mister, talking of Jack James, it seems to me you don't do much to cover your men. What do you mean?" Von Bork asked sharply. Well, you're their employer, ain't you?


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[Assistant] It's up to you to see they don't fall down. But they do fall down, and then when did you ever pick them up? There's James. It was James' own fault. You know that yourself. He was too self-willed for the job. James was a bonehead, I give you that. Then there was Hollis. Some man was mad. Well, he went a bit woozy toward the end.


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[Assistant] It's enough to make a man bughouse when he has to play a part from morning to night with a hundred guys, all ready to set the copper's wires to him. But now there's Steiner.


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[Assistant] Von Bork started violently, and his ruddy face turned a shade paler. What about Steiner?


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[Assistant] Well, they got him, that's all. They raided his store last night, and he and his papers are all in Portsmouth's jail.


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[Assistant] You'll go off, and he, poor devil, will have to stand the racket, and lucky if he gets off with his life. That's why I went to get over the water as soon as you do." Von Bork was a strong, self-contained man, but it was easy to see that the news had shaken him. "'How could they have got on to Steiner?' he muttered. "'That's the first blow yet.' "'Well, you nearly had a worse one, for I believe they're not far off me.' "'You don't mean that.'


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[Assistant] My landlady down Fratton Way had some inquiries, and when I heard of it I guessed it was time for me to hustle.


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[Assistant] But what I want to know, mister, is how the coppers knew these things.


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[Assistant] Steiner is the fifth man you've lost since I signed on with you, and I know the name of the sixth if I don't get a move on. How do you explain it? And ain't you ashamed to see your men go down like this?" Von Bork flushed crimson.


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[Assistant] If I didn't dare things, mister, I wouldn't be in your service. But I'll tell you straight what's in my mind.


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[Assistant] I've heard that with you German politicians, when an agent has done his work, you're not sorry to see him put away." Von Bork sprang to his feet.


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[Assistant] Do you dare to suggest that I have given away my own agents? I don't stand for that, mister, but there's a stool pigeon or a cross somewhere, and it's up to you to find out where it is.


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[Assistant] Anyhow, I'm taking no more chances. It's me for little Holland, and the sooner the better." Thunborg had mastered his anger.


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[Assistant] We have been allies too long to quarrel. Now at the very hour of victory," he said. You've done splendid work, and taken risks, and I can't forget it. By all means go to Holland, and you can get a boat from Rotterdam to New York.


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[Assistant] No other line will be safe for a week from now. I'll take that book and pack it with the rest.


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[Assistant] The gunner turned damn nasty at the last, and I had to square him with an extra hundred dollars, or it would have been nitsky for you and me.


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[Assistant] Nothing doing, says he, and he meant it.


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[Assistant] But the last hundred did it. It's cost me two hundred pound from first to last, so it isn't likely I'd give it up without getting my wad." Von Bork smiled with some bitterness.


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[Assistant] You don't seem to have a very high opinion of my honour," said he. You want the money before you give up the book. Well, mister, it is a business proposition.


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[Assistant] All right, half your way." He sat down at the table and scribbled a cheque, which he tore from the book, but he refrained from handing it to his companion.


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[Assistant] After all, since we are to be on such terms, Mr. Altamont," said he, "'I don't see why I should trust you any more than you trust me. Do you understand?' he added, looking back over his shoulder at the American. "'There's a check upon the table.'


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[Assistant] I claim the right to examine that parcel before you pick the money up. The American passed it over without a word.


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[Assistant] Von Bork undid a winding of string and two wrappers of paper. Then he sat gazing for a moment in silent amazement at a small blue book which lay before him.


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[Assistant] Across the cover was printed in golden letters, Practical Handbook of Bee Culture.


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[Assistant] Only for one instant did the Master Spy glare at this strangely irrelevant inscription.


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[Assistant] The next, he was gripped at the back of his neck by a grasp of iron, and a chloroform sponge was held in front of his writhing face.


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[Assistant] Another glass, Watson? said Mr. Sherlock Holmes, as he extended the bottle of Imperial to Kay.


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[Assistant] The thick-set chauffeur, who had seated himself by the table, pushed forward his glass with some eagerness. It is a good wine, Holmes. A remarkable wine, Watson. Our friend upon the sofa has assured me that it is from France, Youssef's special cellar at the Schoenbrunn Palace.


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[Assistant] Might I trouble you to open the window? For chloroform vapour does not help the pallet.


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[Assistant] The safe was ajar, and Holmes, standing in front of it, was removing dossier after dossier, swiftly examining each, and then packing it neatly in von Bork's valise. The German lay upon the sofa, sleeping stertoriously, with a strap round his upper arms and another round his legs.


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[Assistant] We need not hurry ourselves, Watson. We are safe from interruption. Would you mind touching the bell?


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[Assistant] There is no one in the house except old Martha, who has played her part to admiration.


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[Assistant] I got to the situation here when first I took the matter up.


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[Assistant] Ah, Martha. You'll be glad to hear that all is well.


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[Assistant] The pleasant old lady had appeared in the doorway. She curtsied with a smile to Mr. Holmes, but glanced with some apprehension at the figure upon the sofa.


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[Assistant] It is alright, Martha. He has not been hurt at all.


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[Assistant] I am glad of that, Mr. Holmes. According to his lights, he has been a kind master.


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[Assistant] He wanted me to go with his wife to Germany yesterday, but that would hardly have suited your plans, would it, sir? No, indeed, Martha. So long as you were here, I was easy in my mind. We waited some time for your signal tonight. It was the secretary, sir. I know. His car passed ours. I thought he would never go.


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[Assistant] I knew that it would not suit your plan, sir, to find him here.


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[Assistant] No, indeed. Well, it only meant that we waited half an hour or so until I saw your lamp go out and knew that the coast was clear. You can report to me tomorrow in London, Martha, at Claridge's Hotel. Very good, sir. I suppose you have everything ready to leave? Yes, sir.


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[Assistant] He posted seven letters today. I have the addresses as usual.


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[Assistant] Very good, Martha. I will look into them tomorrow. Good night. These papers


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[Assistant] He continued as the old lady vanished, are not of very great importance, for, of course, the information which they represent has been sent off long ago to the German government.


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[Assistant] These are the originals which could not safely be got out of the country. And they are of no use.


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[Assistant] I should not go so far as to say that, Watson. They will at least show our people what is known and what is not. I may say that a good many of these papers have come through me, and I need not add are thoroughly untrustworthy.


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[Assistant] It would brighten my declining years to see a German cruiser navigating the Solent according to the minefield plans which I have furnished. But you, Watson—he stopped his work and took his old friend by the shoulders—I've hardly seen you in the light yet. How have the years used you?


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[Assistant] You look the same blithe boy as ever.


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[Assistant] I feel twenty years younger, Holmes. I've seldom felt so happy as when I got your wire asking me to meet you at Harwich with the car.


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[Assistant] But you, Holmes, you have changed very little, save for that horrible goatee.


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[Assistant] These are the sacrifices one makes for one's country, Watson," said Holmes, pulling at his little tuft. Tomorrow it will be but a dreadful memory. With my hair cut and a few other superficial changes, I shall no doubt reappear at Claridge's tomorrow as I was before this American stunt


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[Assistant] I beg your pardon, Watson. My well of English seems to be permanently defiled. Before this American job came my way. But you've retired, Holmes.


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[Assistant] We heard of you as living the life of a hermit among your bees and your books in a small farm upon the South Downs. Exactly, Watson.


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[Assistant] Here is the fruit of my leisurely ease, the magnum opus of my latter years. He picked up the volume from the table and read out the whole title.


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[Assistant] Practical handbook of bee culture, with some observations upon the segregation of the queen. Alone I did it.


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[Assistant] Behold the fruit of pensive nights and laborious days when I watched the little working gangs as once I watched the criminal world of London. But how did you get to work again? Ah, I have often marvelled at it myself.


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[Assistant] The Foreign Minister alone I could have withstood, but when the Premier also deigned to visit my humble roof, the fact is, Watson, that this gentleman upon the sofa was a bit too good for our people. He was in a class by himself.


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[Assistant] Things were going wrong, and no one could understand why they were going wrong. Agents


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[Assistant] But there was evidence of some strong and secret central force. It was absolutely necessary


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[Assistant] Strong pressure was brought upon me to look into the matter. It has cost me two years, Watson, but they have not been devoid of excitement.


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[Assistant] When I say that I started my pilgrimage at Chicago, graduated in an Irish secret society at Buffalo, gave serious trouble to the constabulary at Skibarin


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[Assistant] And so eventually caught the eye of a subordinate agent of Von Bork, who recommended me as a likely man, you will realize that the matter was complex.


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[Assistant] Since then I have been honoured by his confidence, which has not prevented most of his plans going subtly wrong, and five of his best agents being in prison.


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[Assistant] Who, after much gasping and blinking, had lain quietly listening to Holmes's statement.


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[Assistant] He broke out now into a furious stream of German invective, his face convulsed with


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[Assistant] Holmes continued his swift investigation of documents while his prisoner cursed and swore.


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[Assistant] Though unmusical, and German is the most expressive of all languages, he observed when von Bork had stopped from pure exhaustion. Hello? Hello? he added as he looked hard at the corner of a tracing before putting it in the box.


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[Assistant] This should put another bird in the cage.


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[Assistant] I had no idea that the paymaster was such a rascal, though I have long had an eye upon him.


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[Assistant] Mr Von Bork, you have a great deal to answer for.


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[Assistant] The prisoner had raised himself with some difficulty upon the sofa, and was staring with a strange mixture of amazement and hatred at his captor.


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[Assistant] I shall get level with you, Altamonte," he said, speaking with slow deliberation. If it takes me all my life, I shall get level with you.


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[Assistant] The old sweet song," said Holmes, how often have I heard it in days gone by. It was a favourite ditty of the late lamented Professor Moriarty. Colonel Sebastian Moran has also been known to warble it. And yet I live and keep bees upon the South Downs.


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[Assistant] Curse you, you double traitor!" cried the German, straining against his bonds and glaring murder from his furious eyes.


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[Assistant] No, no, it is not so bad as that," said Holmes, smiling. As my speech surely shows you,


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[Assistant] Mr. Altamont of Chicago had no existence, in fact. I used him and he is gone. Zen, who are you? It is really immaterial who I am.


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[Assistant] But since the matter seems to interest you, Mr. Von Bork, I may say that this is not my first acquaintance with the members of your family.


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[Assistant] I have done a good deal of business in Germany in the past, and my name is probably familiar


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[Assistant] I would wish to know it," said the Prussian grimly.


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[Assistant] It was I who brought about the separation between Irene Adler and the late King of Bohemia when your cousin Heinrich was the imperial envoy.


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[Assistant] It was I, also, who saved from murder by the nihilist Klopman, Count von and Sufgrafenstein, who was your mother's elder brother. It was I, von Bork sat up in amazement. "'C'est une bonne manne,' he cried. "'Exactly,' said Holmes.


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[Assistant] Von Bork groaned and sank back on the sofa.


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[Assistant] And most of that information came through you," he cried. What is it worth? What have I done? It is my ruin forever. It is certainly a little untrustworthy," said Holmes.


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[Assistant] It will require some checking, and you have little time to check it.


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[Assistant] Your admiral may find the new guns rather larger than he expects, and the cruisers perhaps a trifle faster." Von Bork clutched at his own throat in despair.


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[Assistant] There are a good many other points of detail which will no doubt come to light in good time.


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[Assistant] But you have one quality which is very rare in a German, Mr von Bork.


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[Assistant] You are a sportsman, and you will bear me no ill will when you realize that you, who have outwitted so many other people, have at last been outwitted yourself.


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[Assistant] After all, you have done your best for your country, and I have done my best for mine, and what could be more natural?


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[Assistant] Besides," he added not unkindly, as he laid his hand upon the shoulder of the prostrate man, it is better than to fall before some ignoble foe. These papers are now ready, Watson.


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[Assistant] If you will help me with our prisoner, I think that we may get started for London at once.


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[Assistant] It was no easy task to move von Bork, for he was a strong and a desperate man.


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[Assistant] Finally, holding either arm, the two friends walked him very slowly down the garden walk, which he had trod with such proud confidence when he received the congratulations of the famous diplomatist only a few hours before.


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[Assistant] After a short, final struggle he was hoisted, still bound hand and foot, into the spare seat of the little car. His precious feliz was wedged in beside him.


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[Assistant] I trust that you are as comfortable as circumstances permit," said Holmes when the final arrangements were made.


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[Assistant] Should I be guilty of a liberty if I lit a cigar and placed it between your lips? But all amenities were wasted upon the angry German.


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[Assistant] I suppose you realize, Mr. Sherlock Holmes," said he, that if your government bears you out in this treatment, it becomes an act of war.


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[Assistant] What about your government and all this treatment? said Holmes, tapping the valise.


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[Assistant] You are a private individual. You have no warrant for my arrest.


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[Assistant] You realize your position. You and your accomplice here. If either to shout for help as we pass through the village.


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[Assistant] My dear sir, if you did anything so foolish, you would probably enlarge the two limited titles of our village inns by giving us the dangling Prussian as a signpost.


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[Assistant] The Englishman is a patient creature, but at present his temper is a little inflamed, and it would be as well not to try him too far.


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[Assistant] No, Mr. von Bork, you will go with us, in a quiet, sensible fashion, to Scotland Yard, whence you can send for your friend Baron von Herrling, and see if even now you may not fill that place which he has reserved for you in the ambassadorial suite.


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[Assistant] As to you, Watson, you are joining us with your old service, as I understand, so London won't be out of your way. Stand with me here upon the terrace, for it may be the last quiet talk that we shall ever have.


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[Assistant] The two friends chatted in intimate converse for a few minutes, recalling once again the days of the past while their prisoner vainly wriggled to undo the bonds that held him.


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[Assistant] As they turned to the car, Holmes pointed back to the moonlit sea and shook a thoughtful head. There's an east wind coming, Watson. I think not, Holmes. It is very warm. Good old Watson.


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[Assistant] You are the one fixed point in a changing age. There's an east wind coming all the same. Such a wind has never blew on England yet.


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[Assistant] It will be cold and bitter, Watson, and a good many of us may wither before its blast. But it's God's own wind nonetheless, and a cleaner, better, stronger land will lie in the sunshine when the storm has cleared. Start her up, Watson, for it's time that we were on our way.


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[Assistant] I have a cheque for five hundred pounds, which should be cussed early.


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[Assistant] For the drawer is quite capable of stopping it, if he can.


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[Assistant] End of Adventure 8 And the End of His Last Bow by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle This was read by David Clark


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[Assistant] In this part, there are three sections. You will hear two long conversations in section A, two passages in section B, and three lectures or talks in section C. At the end of each conversation, passage, and lecture or talk, there are a number of questions.


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[Assistant] All the listening materials and questions will be spoken only once.


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[Assistant] After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.


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[Assistant] Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.


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[Assistant] I think that's because of my message, which is making happiness a priority over money.


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[Assistant] So many of us in my generation have spent decades trying to earn more money just to consume more, but it made us more miserable.


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[Assistant] But by the time I quit my job four years ago to become a writer, I owed over $30,000.


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[Assistant] We need to emphasize things that actually make us happy, like relationships, the environment, or even our hobbies.


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[Assistant] Once we make the right things our priority, our goals will change, and so will our financial behavior.


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[Assistant] The major areas for action are usually housing, food, and transportation.


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[Assistant] So, people might share a home with friends instead of living on their own.


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[Assistant] Bring lunch from home instead of going to restaurants and use public transport instead of owning a car.


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[Assistant] But they aren't sacrifices. When people change their values, their desires change. So in the example of housing, if we value relationships, sharing a home isn't depriving ourselves of space, but giving us an opportunity to spend more time with our loved ones.


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[Assistant] Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 1. What message does the woman convey in her book?


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[Assistant] Question 2. What do we learn about the woman before she became a writer?


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[Assistant] Question 4. What does the man say about sharing


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[Assistant] Thank you for inviting me to the gallery, Christopher. I haven't visited here since your predecessor's retirement function.


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[Assistant] Are those the landscapes by Danielle Gregory? I absolutely adore her work.


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[Assistant] I love how she depicts the barren landscape. The colors complement each other perfectly.


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[Assistant] It must have cost that collector a small fortune to purchase this.


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[Assistant] There's so much detail in this painting. I feel like I can really immerse myself in the scene.


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[Assistant] I particularly like the symmetry created by the reflection of the mountain in the lake.


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[Assistant] So, you know her personally. I assume she's an eccentric artist.


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[Assistant] I'd love to be able to meet her. There are so many questions I'd like to ask.


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[Assistant] In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.


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[Assistant] Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.


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[Assistant] Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.


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[Assistant] Question 9. What does the passage say about forgiveness?


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[Assistant] Question 11. What should one do in order to forgive the offender?


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[Assistant] The Glasgow subway first opened in 1896 as a cable hauled system.


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[Assistant] It is generally recognized as the world's third underground railway, after London and Budapest.


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[Assistant] In its long history, it has never been expanded, remaining as a single loop line with a mere 15 stations.


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[Assistant] At its peak, it served the shipyard workers on the south side of the city.


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[Assistant] In the 1960s, there was a decline in the shipbuilding industry, and the popularity of private transport grew.


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[Assistant] As a result, the subway saw a rapid decline in ridership.


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[Assistant] It ran with little further change until 1977, when its new operators closed it for major modernization investment. Carriages were replaced, ventilation was improved,


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[Assistant] And the main depot was also renovated and fitted with connecting tracks to replace the outdated crane transfer mechanism. The subway in its present form


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[Assistant] Reopened for operation in April 1980.


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[Assistant] Since its relaunch, the subway has seen a revival in its fortunes.


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[Assistant] It serves as a viable alternative to other forms of transport.


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[Assistant] And has gone a long way to alleviate traffic jams in the city center.


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[Assistant] In 1996, the system reached an important milestone. 100 years. To commemorate this special event,


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[Assistant] The color scheme of the train carriages was updated.


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[Assistant] High tech systems such as smart card ticketing machines and smart gates are used across all subway stations.


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[Assistant] The SmartCard provides more convenient travel.


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[Assistant] And passengers simply top up their cards and tap them to get in and out the subway.


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[Assistant] Since its launch, the technology has been adopted by more than 100,000 subway customers.


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[Assistant] Section C, Directions. In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks.


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[Assistant] Followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. From the four choices, marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet one, with a single line through the center.


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[Assistant] Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. Question 16.


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[Assistant] What does the speaker say about the bears in national parks now?


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[Assistant] Question 17. What does the speaker say about visitors feeding bears in national parks?


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[Assistant] What is the speaker's advice to people who carry some food while hiking on a park trail?


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[Assistant] Why do we form opinions or attitudes about someone or something without really knowing much about them?


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[Assistant] Just hearing something good or bad about a person, a place or thing,


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[Assistant] But letting the opinions of another person determine what our opinions will be is dangerous.


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[Assistant] Forming opinions about someone or something before really knowing them well is called prejudice.


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[Assistant] Pre means before, and Judas refers to judgment. Hence, prejudice means to judge before having adequate knowledge.


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[Assistant] We can be prejudiced, toward, or against someone or something.


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[Assistant] In either case, we are only allowing ourselves to see half of the picture.


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[Assistant] Very few people or things in this world are all good or all bad.


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[Assistant] Prejudiced attitudes are usually based on myths, half-truths or incorrect information.


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[Assistant] And they are dangerous because they can keep us from learning the truth about someone or something.


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[Assistant] They keep us from really knowing and understanding each other.


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[Assistant] We should feel proud of who we are and the group of people we represent.


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[Assistant] If feelings of pride begin to turn to feelings of superiority,


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[Assistant] When we think that our group or our beliefs are better than those around us, however,


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[Assistant] Then we begin to develop prejudiced attitudes that can be harmful.


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[Assistant] For example, the prejudiced attitudes of one group may keep another group from attending certain schools, from living in any neighborhood they want, or from getting a job or a promotion.


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[Assistant] When we let someone else tell us what to think about someone or something, we are giving up some control of our own lives.


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[Assistant] Before you form an attitude or opinion, find out for yourself about the person or the thing in question.


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[Assistant] Sometimes, we don't realize that we hold prejudiced attitudes toward or against someone or something.


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[Assistant] We need to carefully examine our lives and our fears.


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[Assistant] And to ask ourselves whether our attitudes come from our personal knowledge and experience or from rumors and fear of the unknown.


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[Assistant] The good news about prejudice is that we are not born with it.


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[Assistant] Prejudiced attitudes and opinions develop over time.


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[Assistant] But with education and knowledge, we can replace our prejudices with cooperation and understanding.


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[Assistant] Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. Question 22. How did the speaker feel when he started high school?


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[Assistant] What did the speaker once think of teenage friendships?


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[Assistant] What do we learn about the speaker when he returned from the Vietnam War?


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[Assistant] What caused the light? It was a monkey.


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[Assistant] He's on the fruit and flower mountain down on earth. There had been a rock on the mountain. The monkey came from the rock. The light shone from the monkey's eyes.


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[Assistant] This time, we're here for Reception. That's it. And my drawing is...


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[Assistant] Oh, you need to retest it. Oh, no, no, no, no, no. Are you a student?


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[Assistant] Oh. Oh. Alright.


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[Assistant] Please register. Okay. And while you are registering, uh, I'll be shitschatting with you.


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[Assistant] And how's the weather today? Do you like it? Too hot? Too cold?


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[Assistant] Okay, let me guess, let me guess where you are going to sit.


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[Assistant] Okay, I'll let you go study.


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[Assistant] Okay, Grace, I'm so sorry, but, uh, because you get out, and if you wanna get in again, you need to pass this gate. Okay? I have my words in my hand.


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[Assistant] Won't take a while to guess. You can do it. You can do it. How else you cannot go back to studying, man. Come on.


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[Assistant] I don't think so. I've never been this scared before.


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[Assistant] You need to leave now.


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[Assistant] No? But you need to leave now because your time is over. If you don't wanna leave.


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[Assistant] You already used up all your time here. In learning space. Easily.


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[Assistant] Okay? This will be a tongue twister. I'll give you one chance. Only one shot. You can do it. Only one shot. And I'll give you some time to practice, which is 30 seconds. Okay?


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[Assistant] Every day.


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[Assistant] Thank you.


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[Assistant] This is certainly not a course that focuses on grammar, but there are a few little grammar tips that I want to point out to you because they are especially relevant to scientific manuscripts.


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[Assistant] You may not realize, but the word data is actually plural. You don't say the data is or the data shows. You say the data are or the data show.


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[Assistant] Most people get this wrong in speaking and in writing, so it's just something you have to teach yourself.


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[Assistant] After years of editing this, now only the plural form sounds right in my head. But it took me a while to get used to it.


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[Assistant] So you would say, these data show, the data support, the data are critical.


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[Assistant] You would only use the singular form if you were talking about one data point, a datum, which we hardly ever do.


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[Assistant] Be careful about the use of affect versus effect. It's very easy to mix these two up and it may not be caught by your grammar checker.


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[Assistant] Or you would say the class had an effect on her.


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[Assistant] Now, there are some exceptions. I just want to point out that in general, affect is the verb and effect is the noun. But there are a couple of exceptions. I'm going to point them out just for fun.


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[Assistant] Affect does have a noun form. It's hardly used outside of psychology, but in psychology, affect denotes a feeling or an emotion or an expression.


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[Assistant] There's also a verb form of effect. Again, it's only used in a very specific case, but you can say that someone effected a change. This means they brought about a change.


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[Assistant] Those are the exceptions, but in general, affect is the verb form and effect is the noun form.


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[Assistant] This error is common. Uh, this is actually a headline from a newspaper. Uh, I saw this a few years back. Some editor got it wrong. It says, Well, of course we want not effect there, but the verb form affect.


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[Assistant] Now, uh, your scientific manuscript is not going to be rejected just because you make a small grammar mistake like this. But it shows professionalism if you get these things right and it shows sloppiness if you don't.


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[Assistant] There's actually a difference between compared to and compared with.


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[Assistant] Compared to is used when you want to point out similarities between different things. And this is a less common use. You might use it when you're making metaphors. So the classic example is, shall I compare thee to a summer's day? You're comparing a person to a summer's day.


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[Assistant] Those things are very different and you're trying to find something similar between them.


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[Assistant] In the sciences, we almost always want to use compared with.


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[Assistant] Compare with means that you're pointing out differences between similar things, which is usually what we're doing in science. We might be comparing two groups of mice or two tumors.


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[Assistant] For example, if we say brain tumors are relatively rare compared with more common cancers such as those of the lung, breast, and prostate,


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[Assistant] Compared with is correct here because we're comparing things that are similar, different types of tumors and finding differences between them.


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[Assistant] Again, in science, you almost always want to use compared with and not compared to. So watch out for that one.


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[Assistant] The use of that and which often gets confused. So pay attention to this one. I edit this a lot.


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[Assistant] That is used when you have a restrictive or essential clause and which is used when you have a non-restrictive or non-essential clause.


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[Assistant] The easiest way to get this right is to recognize that clauses with which are set off with commas and clauses with that are not set off with commas.


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[Assistant] Let me give you an example. Here are two sentences. The vial that contained her RNA was lost.


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[Assistant] When you use that, the vial that container RNA was lost,


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[Assistant] You are saying that there is, you're implying that there is more than one vial.


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[Assistant] So the vial that contained her RNA was lost, but maybe the vial that contained her DNA wasn't.


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[Assistant] That descriptor that contained her RNA is essential because there are multiple vials and you have to tell me which one you're talking about. Compare that to the second sentence. The vial which contained her RNA was lost.


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[Assistant] In that sentence, there's only one violent question. Everybody knows what vile we're talking about. There's only one. Since there's only one violent question,


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[Assistant] The fact that it contains her RNA is not essential. That's extra information, so we can set it off with commas or even remove it entirely and it doesn't change the meaning.


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[Assistant] It says, other disorders which have been found to co-occur with diabetes include heart disease and foot problems.


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[Assistant] Have been found to co-occur with diabetes is an essential clause. So instead of which, we need a that there.


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[Assistant] And I think the authors realized that because they did not set the have been found to co-occur with diabetes off with commas, so they knew it was essential material.


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[Assistant] We're specifically talking about disorders that have been found to co-occur with diabetes, so that material is essential, so we have to use that.


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[Assistant] The key question to ask yourself in trying to get this right is, is your clause essential or non-essential?


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[Assistant] If it's essential, you can't eliminate the clause from the sentence without changing the meaning. In that case you use that.


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[Assistant] If it's non-essential information, it can be set off with commas and it can be eliminated from the sentence without altering the meaning and then you use which.


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[Assistant] One more example. Notice the difference between these two. The bike that is broken is in the garage. That implies that there is more than one bike.


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[Assistant] The bike that's broken is in the garage, but the one that's working, maybe that one, is in the driveway. It identifies one bike out of many. So the fact that it's broken?


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[Assistant] As opposed to not broken is essential information. It identifies which bike we're talking about. Compare that to the second sentence. The bike which is broken is in the garage.


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[Assistant] In this case, there's only one bike in question. And we are just adding an extra piece of information about that particular bike. It happens to be broken.


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[Assistant] It's not essential information because there's only one bike that we're talking about. So we can set it off with commas and we use which.


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[Assistant] I'll once again mention The Elements of Style by Strunk and White. That's a great book to pick up if you have time.


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[Assistant] They say, careful writers, watchful for small conveniences, go witch hunting, remove the defining witches, and by doing so improve their work.


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[Assistant] And just to show you that even some of the best writers get these little grammar things wrong.


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[Assistant] The late physicist Richard Feynman was a wonderful writer, also a wonderful researcher. I'll be using some examples from his writing in this course as examples of good writing. But here's something he had written


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[Assistant] When we say we are a pile of atoms, we do not mean we are merely a pile of atoms because a pile of atoms which is not repeated from one to the other might well have the possibilities which you see before you in the mirror. And notice that there are two witches in there.


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[Assistant] And notice they are not set off with commas. Those are actually essential causes. So both of those should have been that's. It should be that and that.


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[Assistant] So even the best of us get these things wrong occasionally, but pay attention and try to get them right when you can. One more example, something I was editing. Stroke incidents data are obtained from sources which use the ICD classification systems.


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[Assistant] The authors set off the which use the ICD classification systems with commas here, but actually you can see that that comma, that pause is kind of funny. There shouldn't be a pause. This is not extra information. We need to be told what sources we're talking about.


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[Assistant] And you can see that because if you just stopped the sentence that stroke incidents data are obtained from sources, it wouldn't make any sense. It leaves the reader hanging. The type of sources is essential.


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[Assistant] So we have an essential clause, we don't want to set it off with commas, and we want to use that.


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[Assistant] So we would say stroke incidence data are obtained from sources that use the ICD classification systems.


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[Assistant] Finally, one last thing to pay attention to is the use of the pronouns they or there when the subject of your sentence is singular. You want to have agreement here.


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[Assistant] So if you say each student worries about their grade, that's actually incorrect. It should be each student worries about her grade or each student worries about his grade.


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[Assistant] Do this right, you have to make a gender choice. So if you want to keep the whole thing singular, you're gonna have to choose he or she or him or her.


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[Assistant] And, uh, you could write his slash her, but that gets a little awkward. And so oftentimes that's why we end up choosing their or they instead.


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[Assistant] So my recommendation to get around this issue is just to avoid using the singular when you find yourself in this situation. Instead of saying each student worries about her grade or each student worries about his grade or each student worries about his her grade.


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[Assistant] Just turn it into the plural and say all students worry about their grades. That's a way to avoid having a disagreement here.


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[Assistant] There was no t, just a 1 over f of y, with g of t equal 1. Then, I bring the f of y up, I integrate the f, dy,


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[Assistant] And the left hand side is an interval we have to do. That's the minimum amount of work to solve a differential equation.


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[Assistant] Let, let me just emphasize what's happening here. The f of y, I'm moving up with the dy.


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[Assistant] And then, there's just one little catch at the end.


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[Assistant] But I usually like to have the solution to a differential equation. Just y equals something.


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[Assistant] Minus, at the bottom end, one half y of zero squared. Equaling the right hand side, one half t squared.


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[Assistant] So you see, we got a function of y, equal to a function of t, and the equation is solved, really.


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[Assistant] Singular points, where things are not quite right. Here, the dangerous point is clearly y equals zero. If I start at y of zero equals zero, then I'm not sure where, what, what's the solution to that equation if I start at y of zero equals zero?


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[Assistant] If y of zero is zero, I would get the square root of t squared, I would get t. I would get, so y of zero equals zero, allows the solution y equals t, and that is a solution.


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[Assistant] And we'll have to think, when can we guarantee there's just one solution which is of course what we want? Okay, I better do another example.


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[Assistant] Going beyond this and maybe the logistic equation is a good one. So that's separable.


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[Assistant] And it's gonna be a little harder, so let me do that one. dy dt is y minus y squared, let's say.


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[Assistant] The logistic equation. Linear term minus a quadratic term.


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[Assistant] Either know how or look up or figure out the integral of 1 over y minus y squared. So let me just...


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[Assistant] And the time that we'll really see this type of problem is when we discuss Laplace transforms. So I'm going to save the details of the method until then, but let me give the name of the method.


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[Assistant] The name is partial fractions, which is a method of integration. Partial fractions.


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[Assistant] So I factored the y minus y squared into these two terms. You see that if I come to a


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[Assistant] Common denominator, if I put these two fractions together, then the denominator is going to be that.


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[Assistant] Then you have separate integrations that you can do. That integral is just a times the log of y.


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[Assistant] Approach. Much quicker, much nicer. We just...


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[Assistant] Introduced z equal 1 over y. We looked at the unknown 1 over y, called it z. Found the equation for z, and it was linear.


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[Assistant] And we could write down its solution. So, when we can do that, it wins.


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[Assistant] But if we don't see how to do that, partial fractions is the systematic way, one fraction, another fraction, integrate those fractions, put the answer together, and then, and then at the end, this is the sum integral, depending on y, equal to t,


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[Assistant] And to finish the problem perfectly, I would have to solve for y as a function of t.


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[Assistant] At the start of the 20th century, sugar was still seen as a treat, something you would add to a cup of tea or a cup of coffee. But then in 1955, an event occurred that significantly influenced the amount of sugar we eat today.


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[Assistant] Sucrose is the table sugar we have in coffee or tea. She's the sugar family's sweet little daughter. Or not, apparently. Hmm.


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[Assistant] And you'll always know if you're eating fructose, cause it's the thing that makes food sweet. You see, people on this planet are growing sicker every day.


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[Assistant] I just noticed the attention is reduced and he's much more distracted.


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[Assistant] Shooting the Bride is a docu-style reality TV series about a team of three filmmakers as they shoot, edit, and show a same-day edit film all in one day.


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[Assistant] I've practiced that a bit. But this specific episode is the pilot, the first. Like, I've been working on this for two years, and uh, the last Indiegogo was successful, so I knew it was happening, I just had to get the right team. Uhm, and I did. And everything worked.


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[Assistant] Every time I run like that, I've got the awesome powers.


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[Assistant] We just loaded up all the gear, and we're gonna head to a diner halfway to the venue, which is like five minutes away. We're gonna eat all the bacon at the place.


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[Assistant] Hey guys, previously on Mike Junkies.


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[Assistant] Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to another episode of Crank on the Barrel!


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[Assistant] There's lots of animals here. We still have color. I need to remember not to yell. I yell a lot.


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[Assistant] So Mike, I've shot with tons of times before. He was my roommate, good friend from Rochester. Knows what he's doing. Uhm, we've kinda taught each other over the years, so we have very similar styles. We are on the same wave length.


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[Assistant] You shut up. Why is the car door open? It's not like there was expensive gear or anything in here. What's wrong with it?


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[Assistant] R.A.P. headphone user, so have fun with that! Lothlorian here. I feel good about this location so far.


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[Assistant] So yea, the girls are super chill. They're super excited to see me, that was good. Uhm, like I said, like Jade is like, knows all the right questions to ask and she's such a sweetheart, so this day will be easier because the bride is so like, on point. Let's do some drone stuff and check in with the rest of the team.


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[Assistant] I think this way, right? So drone wise...


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[Assistant] I'm on a rock. We got these pawns. They're not that biggest. They're not the biggest, but there might be just enough to get a drone inside the middle of it. Oh, hey girl. So we're gonna check out what the team has been up to this whole time. Where'd they go?


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[Assistant] Mysteries. Mike Tyson mystery, did we pass them? Fuck. Mike!


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[Assistant] So I'm sending, uhm, these two out to go do exteriors, and they're gonna do like a tripod and monopod, no, tripod and slider kinda mix duo-et thing.


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[Assistant] So this runs on magic. Magic is full. We're good to go.


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[Assistant] Best phone for this kind of thing, I'll tell you what. iPhone 6S Plus. Dude, those birds.


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[Assistant] Talking shit about me all day. I can hear you! Already calibrated it at the hotel, but I'm just gonna calibrate it again. Because I don't like to take any shortcuts when doing drone stuff.


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[Assistant] At all. So, I would rather be safe than sorry.


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[Assistant] So this is the DJI Phantom 3 Pro, shooting 4K. I'm shooting very flat, but uhm, it's always good to like plan out exactly what you want to shoot before you put it up into the sky, just because the less time you have it in the sky, honestly, the better, so.


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[Assistant] Alright, so I'm just gonna bring it to a spot where I know for a fact that it will not hit anything and then I'm gonna set my exposure and figure out my shot.


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[Assistant] And as you can see, it's hovering, it's got the satellites, it's good. So I wanna see the bridge, I wanna see the building, I wanna see the trees. Very subtle, slow push in and tilt down.


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[Assistant] That's alright. I would like it to be wider, but we don't have that much space, honestly.


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[Assistant] I give it a 5 out of 10. Oh hey Sayong, how's it going?


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[Assistant] And I definitely want to get this. I think this will be good like just an over the head. But I'm gonna do a bunch of different things here. It's just my satellites keep going in and out. I got 10, 9.


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[Assistant] Alright, let's see what it looks like. Oh, that's awesome. Alright, we're definitely gonna go back a bit. Now we're gonna get out of the way once I figure out what I want. Oh, that's so awesome. That's it right there. That's great.


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[Assistant] The signal keeps coming in and out, so I don't know exactly where it is.


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[Assistant] Oh, nailing the till. Yas. Yas, queen. Wind is blowing it a little bit, but. Yas. Yas. Yas. We're off center, but that's okay. I feel good. Not even thinking about a same day edit right now. Just trying to get my bearings. Alright, let's make the long walk. Cool.


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[Assistant] Alright, so it's like on the other side of all the buildings up here. Nice to see you.


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[Assistant] Yeah, so they're upstairs in, not that one, the one on the other side of the road, like behind it. Oh, okay. So it's like another house-y thing. Okay.


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[Assistant] Yeah, respond. Okay. So I'll probably be in there, uh, with the girls, so.


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[Assistant] Alright, so this little screw and this little knob comes off all the time. You son of a bitch. How do I make things work?


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[Assistant] I do know what I'm doing, I don't know, I know it doesn't look like it, but you're gonna go do exteriors and then be ready for the guys. Yes. Okay.


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[Assistant] Craig Ems here from William film school and today I'm gonna be whining about pretty much everything. So enjoy. Okay, so. This is it. This is like the beginning of shooting. Let's get in there.


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[Assistant] Cause I can't shoot dress stuff with this. I need to text her to just get here now. With a dress in my hand. This is how the day goes.


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[Assistant] So I'm just gonna try to shoot one or two details as she's getting her dress shots done.


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[Assistant] So we are on auto white balance. The white balance looks good. We're at F, F4 wide open for this lens. 1.200 and that's simple. Let's do two shots or three. Let's do


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[Assistant] Back slower. Let's do one more with a curve.


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[Assistant] So the thing about the shot is there's no depth in the background, so if I was like tilted up I could see the blown out depth, so.


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[Assistant] For something like this that's sparkly. This is perfume, this might make for a better...


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[Assistant] Let's just go super tight. So let's go 100 on this. The texture of what it's on won't be as important. We'll drop down low.


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[Assistant] The tighter the macro, like the tighter the slider shot, the slower your movements have to be. They don't have to be, but.


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[Assistant] Probably gonna have to stabilize that. So here guys, that might be the groomsmen. It looks like a whole party of them. They're doing pushups and stuff. That's gotta be the groomsmen.


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[Assistant] So the sign is like, blatant, but we'll make it work. That looks fine.


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[Assistant] Hey Mike, there's some details up there on the patio. Can you just knock some of them out with the tripod?


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[Assistant] Let's get some texture in this shot. Chill. Goosefraba. Goosefraba dress. Alright, let's get the shot and move on.


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[Assistant] Okay, I feel good. Alright, I'm gonna take it down to you. So I'm shooting wide open, 2.8.


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[Assistant] I made sure to get some kind of, I might be overexposed, but it kind of works for these shots. This looks pretty, I just like this texture.


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[Assistant] So, these shots have to be smooth. So the IS of the 70-200 really helps.


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[Assistant] Wrap up details, whatever, stuff here, like, if Carrie's got something cool going on over there. And then help, like, go do the ceremony stuff, make sure that's- I did that. Oh, you did? Alright.


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[Assistant] Please get 100 millimeter


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[Assistant] Like, tripod shots of florists setting up. So we're kind of just like right into the bulk of Bride Prep.


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[Assistant] I think she's taken a minute to go do some stuff, and then, like, the dress is gonna happen soon. We kinda just have to figure out as far as lighting, like, the room that they're getting ready in isn't the best. Uh, for space, light, and sound, which is like, the three things we need to be doing right now.


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[Assistant] It was too, it's too dark to turn off the lights, so there's nothing I can do. And the windows, you know, like I want all the light I can, so it's kind of a mix, so my Calvin isn't the greatest.


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[Assistant] Uh, cause details are like, alright, there's nothing too crazy. I don't know what those guys are shooting as far as exteriors, so that's a mystery to me. Got drone stuff. Uhm, Mike is shooting the guys right now.


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[Assistant] I don't even know what they're up to, so that's a mystery as well. I don't like mysteries. Mike Tyson. Sheen the Bride brought to you by Mike Tyson Mysteries. You can just like see Siyoung down there with her little trench coat.


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[Assistant] What if we go higher? We rack focus from these to the blue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Top-down doesn't look good. So now I'm just gonna shoot, uh, detail. Static. Because I feel like everything has been moving. It's good to mix it up with diversity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like five hops this time. Ain't nobody got time for hops right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Four seconds, just cause I'm there. Give me some kind of movement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That actually was perfect, so go back to how you were, and then put your hand there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the other side is what I would use. I would use that. That one. Okay. I can make that work. I'll just have to raise it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dude, I'm gonna be relying on your stuff. So we are at F3.2. Crazy amount of shutter speed. Oh no, we got ISO. Derp. Bring it back down to 160 and then expose from there. Stupid. I'm gonna delete that clip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This kind of looks interesting at 70 mil. Let's do one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I just did like a whole sequence of, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sign, welcoming people to the ceremony. And like, uhm, for the same day at it, I think it'd be cool if I had one of the bridesmaids like, just read the sign as I animated it with all the motion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we got three tripods for the ceremony, you got a monopod, three 6Ds, can 6Ds, and then we're gonna have two 7200s and then probably a 24-105 for the ceremony. So, so Josai is doing things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So audio is really easy. These guys are awesome. So we have power. This thing is powered, otherwise I would have used the external battery. Uh, Tascam DR60 is running two


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We tested it, the audios are good, and we actually, cause we have two, and they're split, dual.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We actually have four different levels for whatever feed they're giving us. So the top one is like pretty close to peaking and then the bottom one is nowhere close to it. So within those four different levels, like there's a very, very slim chance of ever getting all four channels peaking. So we're set.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as far as a computer, I'm just transcoding the three cards from the 360s that we've had.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that should all be done by the time the ceremony starts, but I've got new cards going out fresh. We're going to have, we're still kind of figuring it out, but we've got one unmanned cam low on like a 50 mil at the base of the ceremony. I'm going to be up there, but moving around a little bit for the procession on a monopod with a 70 to 200.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Mike is going to be probably somewhere here, but might be moving around to get the groom reaction shot. We don't know how he's going to get that because people stand and he's going to have to try to find a good angle for that. Uhm, but yeaah, he's just going to get a supplementary shot as people do the march. Uh, something different than what I have so that I can cut to it. And then Sayong's going to swoop in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just grab that unmanned cam as soon as the brad and groom reach the top of the aisle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yea, that was like the first time that I saw the groom today, which is kinda odd, but it works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a dance. So what's the thought here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything sets. It's easy. It's almost too easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is what it looks like post-wedding. We kinda just shot the same day at it, we put our stuff in a random bag, and then we got out of there. Uhm, so yea, we, we did the, we scheduled the same day at it for 9, we showed at 9.15, and we were out by 9.30.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, this is most of the gear. Uhm, I'm gonna have a full spec list of all the gear that we used with Lynx in the video somehow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but as far as cameras, we had three 6Ds DSLRs, so it was super nice having three of the same camera.