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[Assistant] Oh, I don't wanna be a pop star, I wanna be a famous film star. Film stars often go to parties. Okay, he doesn't wanna be a pop star, he wants to be a


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[Assistant] Film star. A film star is a dian ying ming xing. And he wants to be a famous film star. Famous dí shí shí yǒu míng.


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[Assistant] If a lot of people know your name, know you, you are famous. AJ is famous.


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[Assistant] I'm a famous teacher! Yay! Do you want to be famous? What do you want to be famous for?


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[Assistant] Why? What do you want to be famous for? Four. I'm a nurse. I help people. Hmm, we need a doctor.


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[Assistant] She likes studying. She can be a doctor.


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[Assistant] Are you calling me? What do you want? Put these on, Gracie.


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[Assistant] Put 什么 on 意思是穿上 什么. So dress up 意思是穿上.


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[Assistant] They are mean. They are bad. Bad animals. Bad Gracie.


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[Assistant] If somebody hit me in the eye, I would be sad. I would not laugh at other people too. All right. Uhm, what does, oh, why is Gracie a doctor?


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[Assistant] Why can Gracie be a doctor?


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[Assistant] Because she likes studying.


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[Assistant] You have to be smart to be a doctor. Why does the sheep


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[Assistant] Want to be a film star. Why does she want to be a film star?


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[Assistant] Yes, because she wants to go to parties. She says film stars often go to parties.


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[Assistant] Why is Gracie looking at Harry's eye? Why is she looking at Harry's eye? Yeah, because she is a doctor. Gracie.


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[Assistant] Oops, hold on. Cameron, what are you, right? I didn't hear that.


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[Assistant] Cameron, what are you-shama?


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[Assistant] He didn't say the last word.


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[Assistant] Woah, that's too big. What are you wearing? What are you wearing? Ready for number two?


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[Assistant] We never dress Shema. Oh, we never dress Shema.


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[Assistant] 我们一直不穿搞笑的衣服第一次


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[Assistant] Oh, we never dress up.


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[Assistant] Dress up. Put on your clothes or get dressed. Dress up. Dress up.


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[Assistant] He is outside feeding the...


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[Assistant] Feeding the cows. Moo.


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[Assistant] Star. I want to be a famous film star.


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[Assistant] Just kidding. I'm calling Gracie. She likes studying.


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[Assistant] I'm a doctor. I must look at your eye. And then slam your eye.


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[Assistant] Alright guys, pretty easy, isn't it? Let's go on to the next page and do some Gracie's Grammar. Thanks for the grammar, Gracie. Alright.


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[Assistant] He never works at the weekend. I don't often listen to the radio. Do you eat meatballs? Hmm. Uh, it's Friday. He's working today. I'm not listening to it now. What are you eating at the moment?


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[Assistant] Okay, so these are telling and asking about what you do.


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[Assistant] Do you eat meatballs?


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[Assistant] I don't often listen to the radio. I don't often listen to the radio. And this one, he never works at the weekend.


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[Assistant] This is the, uh,


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[Assistant] What are these people doing?


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[Assistant] We already talked about this before.


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[Assistant] Today, he is working. So simple.


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[Assistant] I'm not listening to it now. And what about this one?


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[Assistant] What are you eating at the moment? At the moment.


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[Assistant] What are you eating at the moment?


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[Assistant] Let's go here.


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[Assistant] Alright. What is Jenny doing?


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[Assistant] Jenny is shemmaing TV now. Jenny is watching TV. That's easy.


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[Assistant] Number two. Grandpa Shema every day. He's a farmer. What does he do every day?


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[Assistant] He looks like he is in a tractor.


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[Assistant] Hmm, he is driving.


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[Assistant] But we can't say grandpa is driving every day. We can only say he drives every day. He's a farmer.


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[Assistant] Now, why isn't he driving every day?


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[Assistant] Okay, no, stop it, stop being so big. No, I don't want you to be big. Okay, alright, so.


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[Assistant] Uh, Jenny is watching TV. Grandpa is driving. Dasha.


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[Assistant] Now, if we want to say grandpa works every day, what can we write? Grandpa.


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[Assistant] Working every day, right?


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[Assistant] No, because working is, uh, uh, uh, uh, right now.


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[Assistant] Grandpa work.


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[Assistant] Now, let's go to Jim. Jim's


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[Assistant] Do you remember what at the moment means? At the moment means 目前. Okay?


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[Assistant] Making a cake? Or gyms make a cake?


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[Assistant] Jim is make a cake or Jim is making a cake.


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[Assistant] Jim Jungzai make a cake, so it's for sure, making a cake. Does she always, does she always the, show me a piano?


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[Assistant] This book is wrong. Because it should be here.


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[Assistant] What do you do with a piano? You play it, of course. Play or playing? Should we do play or playing? Does she always playing the piano?


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[Assistant] Zheng zai tan gangqin.


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[Assistant] That is the rule. That's how you do it.


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[Assistant] So, does she always play the piano?


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[Assistant] Now we know these rules. So what I want us to do is take a look.


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[Assistant] I don't often listen to the radio.


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[Assistant] Do you eat meatballs? Do you eat meatballs? Is he eating meatballs now?


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[Assistant] It's Friday. He is working today.


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[Assistant] What are you eating at the moment? Do you remember what at the moment means?


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[Assistant] Alright, now let's, uh, do a fun activity. Choose a job. Draw your character.


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[Assistant] We are going to choose a job.


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[Assistant] I want you to choose the job you like. Do you want to be a doctor?


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[Assistant] Do you want to be a dentist? Do you want to be a cook? Do you want to be a cat? Do you want to be a race car driver? What do you want to be? Draw yourself as that character.


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[Assistant] You draw yourself as what you want to be and then talk about your character. What does she do? What does she like? What does she wear? Alright? That's gonna be your homework.


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[Assistant] In this video, I will show you a cool trick.


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[Assistant] A smooth surface. Not a rough surface. A smooth surface.


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[Assistant] A towel. The more the better. Because you might get water on the floor.


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[Assistant] Anything that's ying. Anything that's rigid.


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[Assistant] Lift the cup and twist. Lift and twist.


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[Assistant] If at first you don't succeed, then try, try again.


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[Assistant] Alright guys, bye bye. Try it at home. Tell me how it works.


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[Assistant] Listen and colour. Then sing the song.


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[Assistant] Listen and say the number. Then play the game.


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[Assistant] Listen and say the number. Then play the game.


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[Assistant] I don't know why it takes so long to get ready.


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[Assistant] Oh Meg, all the men at the party will want to dance with you.


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[Assistant] I thought tonight would be a proper occasion for you to wear this.


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[Assistant] It'll be fun, and you'll look even prettier.


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[Assistant] We're all wearing some. Don't you think we look nice?


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[Assistant] Your hair was lovely, but a little old fashioned. I think this style will suit you even better.


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[Assistant] Meg, look at how your hair enhances your cheekbones.


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[Assistant] Hello, little redwood fox. Oh, is everything all right?


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[Assistant] When I'm sad, I have a nibble on some food. It helps cheer me up.


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[Assistant] Why, right there? Under the briar? Along with all of these?


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[Assistant] Sorry, little redwood fox. These acorns were lost.


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[Assistant] Hello grammarians. Hello Paige. Hi David. Hello apostrophe. Today we're gonna start talking about, uh, a different piece of punctuation. And that piece of punctuation is...


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[Assistant] The apostrophe, kinda looks like a comma, but it's one that floats in the air. Here's the ground, here's the word ground, uh, and if we say, I don't know, Pages, dog, Addie.


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[Assistant] Uhm, we're, we're using the apostrophe, not shown to scale, obviously, in one of its three different applications. So the apostrophe can do three things.


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[Assistant] Thing number one, it can stand in for missing letters.


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[Assistant] So, what does that, what does that look like? What does a contraction look like in context?


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[Assistant] So that, that, that apostrophe there represents the O being taken out and kind of everything being squished together into this new word, didn't. So, did not gets together and then we attach this apostrophe to show that we've contracted or shortened or shrunk these two words.


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[Assistant] So the second thing that an apostrophe can do is show that something belongs to someone. This is what we call possession.


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[Assistant] It's true, it's been in my family for generations. But what, what is, what's going on here? What is, what is this doing the same work as?


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[Assistant] So apostrophes can show contraction, much like we're also doing in this part of the sentence as well with that's.


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[Assistant] Uh, because this is, this is a shorter version of that is David's cursed skull. Uh, but we're condensing that or contracting that into that's. Uh, but it's also being used for its second purpose here, which is David's, uh, and this is what we call the possessive or the genitive case, uh, saying that this cursed skull belongs to me.


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[Assistant] Paige, what, what's the third use of apostrophes? It's pretty rare.


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[Assistant] Cause I was always taught never to use apostrophes to pluralize stuff. Like the plural of book is books, not books. That's, that's wrong. Yeaah. So there's a- This is the plural and this is like something belonging to the book.


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[Assistant] So I could say, for example, I'm, you know, I like to draw. Jays.


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[Assistant] Eyes, like that, to denote that they're plural, to indicate that there's some kind of separation between this lowercase letter and this lowercase letter, and that we're trying to say that there are multiple J's and I's.


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[Assistant] But this is not, so, so, so this usage is extremely rare, that's why I put it in parentheses, cause I just, I really wanna de-emphasize.


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[Assistant] Uh, this last usage, uh, super rare. So more importantly, the first two things are the most important. Number one, contractions, making stuff shorter, like I did not eat the cookie, to I didn't eat the cookie. Uh, and possession, um, showing ownership. Uh, so instead of saying that cursed skull belongs to David, you would say that is David's cursed skull.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's an overview of the three powers of the apostrophe. You can learn anything. David out.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone. Welcome back to American Textbook Reading. I'm Brian Stewart. We are on Lesson 14, Our Resources. And there are many types of resources. In this unit, you will discover what natural resources are.


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[Assistant] So of course, our first word should be, what are natural resources, right? What are natural resources? Well, it's really two parts we have to think about, right? Natural.


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[Assistant] And we use it. So it is a natural resource. And there are many types of natural resources. In fact, we have a video showing many, many different types of natural resources that you can see. Here is one very, very important natural resource, and that's oil, right?


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[Assistant] Uhm, but we can see many other types of natural resources too. Sunlight is a natural resource. We use that as solar energy.


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[Assistant] So, also wind energy. We, uh, use trees for, uh, wood to get wood from. So there are many, many different types of natural resources that we get from nature.


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[Assistant] We should do with these things. Now, when we talk about natural resources, we have to understand that in some cases there are not


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[Assistant] An infinite amount of resources. That means there's not an unlimited supply.


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[Assistant] We can't use the natural resources very greedily. We can't be greedy. We have to be careful how we use some natural resources like water or wood or even land.


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[Assistant] We have to be careful how we use these things or what we put into those places. We have to think about the three R's. The first R,


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[Assistant] Reduce means to use less of something. So our first R is reduce. That means don't waste things, right? Basically you could say don't waste our resources. Don't waste things. Don't waste resources.


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[Assistant] If you're not using the water the whole time you're washing your hands, right, get your hands wet, turn off the water, wash your hands, turn the water back on and then rinse them. Don't waste water. Don't waste other things. Reduce the amount that you use. Only use what you need. Don't waste.


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[Assistant] The other R is reuse. Reuse. If we can use something again, that's better than getting a new thing and using it, because that's kind of wasting too, isn't it?


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[Assistant] Reuse means to use again. Re sometimes means again. Not always, but sometimes it means to do something again. So use again. Use again. To use something again.


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[Assistant] So if you have a jar, right, you've used it as a packaging for your jam or your jellies or something that was in the jar, maybe instead of throwing away the jar and buying a vase, use the jar as a vase and grow a plant from it. That's a good idea to reuse something.


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[Assistant] So we had reduce, reuse, recycle. Those are the three Rs that are very, oops, that's an apostrophe, the three Rs that are very important to helping save our environment and making the earth a better place for all of us to live in.


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[Assistant] Concentrate on the three R's. The third R is re-cycle. Re in this case means again too, because you're cycling something again.


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[Assistant] You're making something new from something old. You're throwing away your old plastic bottles in a bin. They will go back to the factory. They will be broken down and made into something new. It's kind of a cycle for making new products. So you're using it again. So remember the three R's.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reuse and recycle. Those things are very important to help protect our environment and make our world a cleaner and healthier place to live. And of course it means we will have more natural resources to use for a longer time. We won't waste these things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well let's talk about what are some types of natural resources. Paper is a resource, right? It's a material that is used for making books and papers. Of course paper really isn't a natural resource. Wood is a natural resource, but we make paper from wood.


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[Assistant] Newspaper, of course, is a material. We use it for newspapers, that's very common, and we also use it to, for books. Now, when you think about it, newspapers does seem kind of wasteful, doesn't it? Because we only read the newspaper one day, and then we throw it away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's important to reuse or recycle newspapers. When you're through with the newspaper, you can use it for some other purpose. Maybe as wrapping paper, uh, maybe as insulation in something, or maybe you want to wallpaper a room with it. That would be a nice decoration.


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[Assistant] Or you could recycle it, gather it together, instead of throwing it together with your other garbage, put it in a bin so that it's taken back to a factory where they can make new paper from the old paper. So that's very important. It's very important to use paper wisely.


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[Assistant] Also we have metal. Metal is not really a natural resource. Uh, we get it from nature, we get it from ore, we melt it down and we make metal from it.


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[Assistant] The main thing about metal is that it's hard. It's tough, right? So if we put something in a metal canister, it protects whatever we have inside.


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[Assistant] Uh, that's very important. It's hard and it's shiny, that's just another quality of the metal. But we use metal for many things, especially tuna cans, right? Soda pop cans. And other cans that we store or sell things in, like coffee, ground coffee, stuff like that. But metal is a very good, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, another thing is glass. We can see many examples of using glass. Glass is a material that is used for making windows, bottles, and cups. And of course with glass, glass is very hard.


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[Assistant] And it lasts for a long time. We have to be careful with it, right? If we drop it, it'll shatter and that's very dangerous. Don't pick up that glass.


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[Assistant] Glass that has just been broken can be very, very sharp, so be very careful with glass.


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[Assistant] But glass can last for a long time, which means if you use something, you can use it again and again and again, right? If you have an old wine bottle, you can store water in it, right? And use it for water, put it in your refrigerator,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If sand is heated up really, really hot, then it makes forms glass. Sometimes lightning will come down and hit a beach or a desert where there's just sand, and it will turn the sand from that heat, you'll see pieces of glass, or it'll turn into glass on the sand.


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[Assistant] So sand, uh, the, the thing in sand is used to make glass. It's very interesting, uh,


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[Assistant] Fact about glass, but glass comes from a natural resource, sand.


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[Assistant] Okay, also we have plastic. What does plastic come from? How do we make plastic? Well plastic is made from oil. We use oil to make plastic.


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[Assistant] Plastic, of course, is a light and strong material made by people. And of course, plastic is very, very useful. Uh, it's, uh, easier


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[Assistant] But it can be very strong like metal too. So plastic is a very, uh, important invention, a very important discovery. Of course it is made from oil.


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[Assistant] And it's a certain type of, uh, uh, process that we use to make plastic. But as you can see, plastic is used for so many things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From water bottles to toys to chairs to all sorts of things that you can find in your home, in your car, in your school. We use plastic for a wide, wide variety of things. But again, we shouldn't waste plastic.


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[Assistant] We should reuse it, we should recycle it, and we should reduce the amount of plastic that we use.


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[Assistant] Okay, so these are all natural resources. These are natural resources that we use to make other things.


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[Assistant] For example, we have metal. Of course we can find metal in the ground, in nature, but we kind of modify it a little bit. We change it a little bit to make it pure and to make certain products from it, like nails. So natural resources could be metal.


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[Assistant] Another important natural resource is water. If you think about it, water comes from nature. It's very important for us to live. We cannot live without water.


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[Assistant] We need water to drink, we need water to grow our crops. So water is a very important natural resource. We should keep it clean, don't waste it, and if we can, reuse it, recycle it.


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[Assistant] Air. Air of course is a natural resource. We use it


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[Assistant] I'm using it right now, right? We all use air, so air is very important that we keep the air clean. It's a natural resource. Sunlight, of course we all need sunlight, uh, to be happy and healthy. If we live underground in the dark without sunlight all the time,


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[Assistant] We get unhealthy. We don't have, we aren't very happy. So stop playing video games all day long.


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[Assistant] Take some time, go outside, and enjoy the sunlight, right? In fact, sunlight gives you some vitamins through your skin. It's good for you, and it keeps you healthy. But don't get too much sunlight, because that could be dangerous. But sunlight is another important natural resource. Nowadays, we also use it for energy with solar panels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another important resource is oil. I just said before that we use oil to make plastic, and plastic is so important. We use so many things using plastic. Even these tools I'm using are made from plastic. So oil, of course, is also the thing that we use to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, this is an oil, uh, pumping device. Basically it's pumping oil and it just, you don't need to have anybody here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, people need to come here, put it in, and sometimes they come back and make sure it's working okay and that you maintain it, but you don't have to have anybody there. It just keeps pumping automatically, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, until all the oil underground is out. And of course, that's a very expensive natural resource.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and that brings us back to our chart and our last natural resource, which is tree or trees. What do we use trees for?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We use trees to make wood. And as we saw before, wood is used to make paper. Well of course we use wood for many other things. It's very nice to make furniture, desks, chairs, tables from wood. We use wood to make homes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wood is a very nice material to make things from because it gives us a good feeling when we see it, when we touch it, and when we, uh, when we use it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's a, it's a nice natural resource. It is something that is renewed. We can plant more trees to make more wood. But we have to be careful not to cut down all the trees at the same time, right? We have to be careful about which trees we cut and make sure we grow new trees so that there's more wood in the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anyway, these are all natural resources. It's very important. These are all very important to our lives. We have to use them carefully. Remember the three Rs with natural resources. Reduce, reuse, and recycle, and that way we'll make sure we have enough natural resources for a long time in the future.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's go to our word matching exercise. Here we have our words and we have the definitions that we need to match them with.


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[Assistant] Our words are, or phrases, natural resource, right? That's one word. Natural resource. Natural resource. I'm sorry, it's not one word, but it's two words together. We don't separate them here. Natural resource. It's one idea. Reduce. Reduce.


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[Assistant] Paper and metal. Paper and metal. Now let's match these to the definitions.


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[Assistant] To use something again. Remember I told you, again, sometimes we use re to mean again. We're using something again, reuse. So that is the answer. Reuse, we use it again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number two, to use less of something. We use less of something.


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[Assistant] So, we're not going to use a lot of something, we're gonna use less of something, we're not going to waste it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to reduce, in this case, re doesn't mean again, it just means, you know, reduce, reduction, uh, to make something smaller, to not use, uh, as much, to reduce the amount of, to make the amount of smaller in this case. Three, to make something new,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From something old. So it's like you're repeating the cycle, right? You're putting something back in the cycle of production. You're taking an old thing, putting it back to the beginning of the cycle to make something new. What are you doing? You are recycling it, because you're putting it back again into the cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Recycle. Those are our three Rs. Reuse, reduce, recycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let's move on to number four. Things that come from nature. They come from nature. They come from nature. People use them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They come from nature, so they're natural. People use them, so it's a resource. We say it's a natural resource. So it comes from nature, it's natural. If you use it, it's a resource. It's a natural resource. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A material that is used for making books and pap- newspapers. Books and newspapers. Of course our answer is contained in the definition. It is of course paper. Paper. Newspapers, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Iron, iron isn't shiny, but it's a metal, but we can change iron. We can do certain things to iron to make it shiny, turn it into steel, which is a hard and shiny material that we get from nature. But gold is a hard and shiny material we find in nature, that's metal, so is silver and copper and things like that. Okay, so these are our words and our definitions. Let's move on to our chart.


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[Assistant] A chart is, remember I talked to you about trees, and I mentioned that trees are an important natural resource, it's one of the last things we looked at on the chart, and I talked about we make paper from it, we make furniture from it, we can also use wood to make houses.


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[Assistant] Here are four things that we use wood for.


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[Assistant] In the same idea, right? Things from trees. Things we make from trees. Paper, right? And this isn't the paper that you write on or that's in your notebook. This is paper that we use to clean things with. So this is paper towel right here. This large one. We call that a paper towel.


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[Assistant] A paper towel. Because it's like a towel. You guys know what a towel is. After you take a bath or a shower, you have a big piece of cloth that you dry your body with. That's a towel.


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[Assistant] Well, in the kitchen, if you spill milk or you spill a drink, you can use a paper towel to clean that up. Okay, so that would be a paper towel. This is not a paper towel. That's a smaller roll. Where do you find it? In the bathroom next to the toilet. We call that toilet paper.


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[Assistant] Toilet paper, uh, and we use that for something else, right?


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[Assistant] What do we use it for? We use it to clean ourselves after we've gone to the bathroom. That's the best way to describe that. But two main types of paper that we use in our homes to clean up messes or to make things clean. Okay? Paper towel or toilet paper.


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[Assistant] So, some types of paper. Of course, we can also find paper and books that's a little bit different. It's heavier, it's thicker, and we can write on it. We can find paper and books and notebooks, newspapers, things like that.


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[Assistant] Furniture. A lot of types of furniture are made from wood. By the way, do not say furnitures. No.


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[Assistant] Furniture is non-count, right? If there's a desk, a chair, a table, uh, we call that furniture. We don't call it furniture's-undale, right? Don't say that. It's furniture.


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[Assistant] Uh, if you have many pieces of furniture, we still say it's furniture. So you have a desk, you have a chair, you have a bed, you have a couch. That's all furniture.


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[Assistant] Many pieces of furniture are made with wood. And you can see wood is a very, uh, old fashioned, kind of nice warm feeling to wood.


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[Assistant] So wood is a very good material to make furniture from.


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[Assistant] Because we get a nice warm feeling when we look at the wood in the furniture. And it's very useful.


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[Assistant] Also, fruit. We get fruit from trees. We didn't talk about that before, but that's an important natural resource. It's food. We use it, right? It comes from nature. Many types of fruit that we get from trees, right? Apple trees, cherry trees, plum trees, orange trees. All of these types of trees give us fruit.


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[Assistant] And of course, as I mentioned before, we can build houses with wood. Of course, there's many things we can choose from to make houses. Most common probably is concrete, right? That's kind of a stone.


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[Assistant] A w- a house made of wood, again, it has a nice warm feeling, right? It's like that furniture. When we look at it, we feel, ah, this is good, this is high quality, this is very nice, right? We get a warm, old-fashioned feeling in a wooden house. And some houses are made


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[Assistant] Entirely of wood. But they are a little bit dangerous because wooden houses can burn. You have to be careful with fire in a wooden house.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's move on. Let's complete the sentence to best describe the pictures. So we have many different pictures here, and we see our sentence. We use beep in many different ways.


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[Assistant] What are we using? We're using water here. We're using water to continue to live. Our bodies need water in order to function, to survive. So we use water there.


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[Assistant] We use wood as furniture, right, to make furniture and many things from wood. And we use oil to make gasoline. We put gasoline into our car. It makes our car go.


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[Assistant] All of these things are found in nature. We use them. So they're from nature and we use them, so we use natural resources in many different ways. Okay, so we can see how these are just three examples of the many, many, many ways that we use natural resources in our lives.


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[Assistant] Okay, we've come to our true-false questions. Number one, two, and three. Let's circle T for true and F for false. Number one, reuse means to use something again. So again,


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[Assistant] Sometimes we say re, and we have use means to use. That true? Yeaah. Reuse means to use something again. That is true.


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[Assistant] Number two, recycle means to make something old from something new. Sounds good, right? That is not true. That's false because think about it. Old, new. You want to make something old?


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[Assistant] You don't wanna make something old, you wanna make something new. If you make it, it's new. It's not old. So these two words have to be switched, right? We have to switch them. Recycle means to make something new.


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[Assistant] From something old. They're trying to trick you there, right? They just switch those two words around. But it doesn't make sense. Because you can't make something old. You can make something new. From something that is old. Okay.


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[Assistant] Number three, metal is a hard and shiny material found in nature. So metal is hard and it's shiny.


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[Assistant] It's a material found in nature, for example gold.


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[Assistant] And silver and copper, right? It's hard and shiny. We can find it in nature. That is true. Okay? Of course, some metal isn't always shiny. Like, for example, I told you iron. We need to change iron to make steel, which is a hard and shiny metal.


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[Assistant] You know, we do find those ores in nature. We find, uh, we get those metals from the ground.


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[Assistant] Okay, well that wraps it up for the vocabulary section here. Let's take a short break. We'll come back in a little bit and go over the reading section together. So don't go away.


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[Assistant] Okay, welcome back everybody. Let's go over the reading passage together. Now this is an interesting organization here. Instead of starting off with the main idea, we start off with an example. We use trees and water every day.


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[Assistant] So we use trees and water every day. Trees and water are examples of something. What? We have to read on to find out.


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[Assistant] They come from nature. Things that come from nature that we use are called natural resources. Aha.


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[Assistant] Finally, in the third sentence, we find our main idea. This is our main idea. Things that come from nature that we use are called natural resources. This passage is about natural resources. Instead of starting off,


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[Assistant] With that idea, we start off with examples of natural resources. Trees and water.


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[Assistant] Our important natural resources we use every day.


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[Assistant] So, it's kind of repeating itself here, alright? We saw trees, we saw trees again over here. We get this a little bit of repetition. Maybe not such great writing, but yeaah, that's what we've got here. Maybe it would be better if we used some other example, but that's the way that this reading passage is.


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[Assistant] More classification or more detail about trees, right? From trees we get paper, from trees we get furniture, and from trees we get houses. These three, whoops, these three things here are made from trees. Okay? Paper, furniture, houses are made from trees.


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[Assistant] Metal is used to make machines. So we're starting with trees, we give examples of what is made from trees, and metal, we have an example of what is made from metal. Lots of different types of machines, cars, trains, engines, are made from metal.


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[Assistant] Okay, so in each case we can see what the natural resource is and then what it's used for. Here we have oil, why is it used? To heat homes. Oil can also be made, I'm just putting also, but oil can be made into gasoline.


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[Assistant] People use gasoline to drive their cars. Okay? So we have a few sentences about oil. Oil is another natural resource. We use it in a variety of ways. One, to heat our homes, and two, to make into gasoline.


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[Assistant] Which in turn is used to drive our cars. We need oil to make gasoline to put in our cars so that we can drive.


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[Assistant] We should try to save natural resources. Of course, we should be careful about our use of natural resources. If we reduce


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[Assistant] Reduce the amount, uh, decrease the amount of resources we use.


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[Assistant] Uh, they will last longer. That's what I was talking about before. If we don't use as much, if we don't waste,


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[Assistant] Our natural resources will last longer. We will have them for a longer time. We won't waste them. We won't use them up too fast. So it's important that we are not greedy about our use of natural resources.


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[Assistant] Reusing our resources means there will be less trash. That's an important thing too. Because with less trash, that means more land can be clean.


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[Assistant] If we have a lot of trash, we have to put it somewhere. We have to put it in the land. We don't want to waste the land because that's another natural resource. So reusing our resources means there will be less trash. That's another important R.


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[Assistant] Also, uh, so we can reuse the glass and plastic bottles that come from the supermarket. We can reuse these things.


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[Assistant] In other words, we can use them for other things, or we can, uh, recycle them, right? We can also recycle the plastic to make new products.


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[Assistant] So the difference between reuse and recycle. Reuse is something you do yourself, right? If you use a glass, a bottle for one purpose, well maybe you can use it for another purpose. That's reusing.


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[Assistant] If you use the glass bottle to keep your milk in, after you've emptied all the milk out, wash it, use it again as a vase to grow a plant from. That's how you can reuse.


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[Assistant] Recycle is when you give it back to the factory, they melt it down and they make new glass bottles or different types of glass bottles from that product. That's recycle. That's the main difference between reuse and recycle.


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[Assistant] And main idea, sorry, main idea and details. Remember our main idea, I circled that in the reading passage. It's the third sentence. Things that come from nature that we use are natural resources. That's our main idea.


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[Assistant] The details that support this idea, we can find three main details in this chart. Of course, in the details we have blanks, we need to use these words to fill in the blanks.


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[Assistant] The words are oil, trees, metal, and reduce.


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[Assistant] So let's take a look. Paper, furniture and houses are made from what? Remember in the reading passage we saw


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[Assistant] At the very first part of the reading passage, we saw that they were talking about two main things. They repeated one thing twice, remember? What was that thing? It was trees.


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[Assistant] Paper, furniture, and houses are made from trees. We saw that example.


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[Assistant] And then we see beep is used to make machines. So we saw trees was one of those things. And then we saw another natural resource that we mentioned that was used to make machines. Remember, it's found in nature. It's hard and it's shiny. Of course, it is metal. Metal is used to make machines.


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[Assistant] In our next detail, we use beep to heat homes and drive cars. So further on in the reading passage, we saw another type of natural resource that we get from the ground. We use it to heat our homes.


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[Assistant] Next, we should try to save natural resources. Very important. We can, beep, reuse, recycle.


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[Assistant] And recycle them. So we have, remember there's three R's. We have two of them here, reuse and recycle. Where's our third R? If we look down here, we can see it very quickly, reduce.


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[Assistant] We can reduce, reuse, and recycle them. These are the three Rs, right, that we can do with natural resources. It's very important that we save and we do not waste our natural resources. Reduce, reuse, recycle. Okay.


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[Assistant] Let's go over reading comprehension questions. Our first one here. Trees and beep are important natural resources. Trees and what? And remember they're natural resources. Things that we find in nature. Do we find plastic in nature? If you go out and


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[Assistant] If you go out in a new area, that's very difficult of course, where no human being has ever been before, and you dig in the ground, can you find plastic? No, plastic doesn't occur naturally in nature.


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[Assistant] I hope that, you know, you go to a park or you go to the mountains, I hope you don't find plastic laying around, because that's not natural. That's somebody's trash, right? So it's not natural.


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[Assistant] Gasoline. Is gasoline natural? No, it's not natural. Uh, oil is natural. We use oil to make gasoline. But what is natural?


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[Assistant] Okay, we can reuse, what kind of bottles? We can re-use paper and gasoline bottles. Have you ever seen a paper, a paper bottle? A paper bottle, you pour something and it just, it doesn't hold it. A gasoline bottle? That's crazy! Gasoline is not a bottle, it's a liquid, right? It cannot hold itself.


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[Assistant] So that's very silly. Well, oil is a liquid too. That doesn't make sense. We can't make bottles out of oil.


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[Assistant] Glass and plastic bottles. Oh, that's the most common type of bottles, right?


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[Assistant] Bottles are made from glass. Bottles are also made from plastic. We talked about that. Glass bottles are nice. They're heavy, a little bit heavier, and they keep things colder if we want to refrigerate them. Plastic isn't so good for refrigeration, but plastic doesn't break. So glass and plastic are very common.


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[Assistant] materials we use to make bottles with. So it's C. We can reuse glass and plastic bottles. And yes, we can reuse them. We can use them again and again.


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[Assistant] Okay, number three. What is gasoline made from?


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[Assistant] Gasoline is made from something. We know that. We talked about that several times. What is it used for? So we're looking for two things in the answer. We're looking for two true things in the answer. Not just one true thing, but two true things.


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[Assistant] It is made from oil. That's true. It is used in cars. That's true. So A is our correct answer. Let's look at B and C.


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[Assistant] It is made from paper. No, that's not true. And it is used in books. No, gasoline is not used in books.


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[Assistant] Do not put gasoline in your books. It will smell. It's not good for your skin. And if somebody is smoking nearby, it will catch on fire, right? So very dangerous. Don't do that.


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[Assistant] Okay, so B is obviously not right. It is made from metal. No, gasoline is not made from metal and is used in furniture. No, gasoline is not used in furniture. So that's incorrect. Okay, A is the correct answer. Gasoline is made from oil and it is used in cars. True and true. Okay, that's A.


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[Assistant] Number four, if we reduce, reuse, and recycle, if we use the three R's, if we practice the three R's, reduce, reuse, recycle, what will happen? What's the result?


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[Assistant] We will use more natural resources. We'll use more of them. No, that's the whole, that's missing the point. That's the opposite of what we want. We want to use less natural resources if we do these three things. So that's not true.


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[Assistant] B. Our natural resources will last longer. So if we use less natural resources, obviously there will be more natural resources that we can use later. So our natural resources will last longer. That is true.


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[Assistant] See, for practice, we will not be able to drive our cars.


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[Assistant] No, you can reduce, reuse and recycle and still drive your car.


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[Assistant] That doesn't make sense. That is not the correct answer. So in this case, B is the correct answer. If we reduce, we recycle, we reuse,


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[Assistant] Our natural resources will last a longer time. We'll have more natural resources for a longer time in the future. And that's very important, obviously. We don't want to waste our natural resources. We don't want to run out of our natural resources.


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[Assistant] Okay, let's take a look at our chart that we looked at before, right? We have natural resources. What are they? What are these? These are hard, shiny, uh, this is hard, shiny material. We can use it to make, uh, nails. What material is this? Of course, it is metal.


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[Assistant] We need this resource every day for drinking. You should drink several glasses of this every day. Uh, it's very important for our bodies. It's also important to grow plants and crops, our food. And it's important that we keep it clean. We find it in lakes and rivers. What is it? It is water.


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[Assistant] Over here, of course, uh, you can't really see it, right? It's invisible, but we breathe it every day. And when it moves as wind, it blows the seeds of, uhm, certain plants around. And of course we call that air. It's air. We use it all the time. Unless you're


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[Assistant] Holding your breath. Then you're not using it. But you have to use it eventually. You can't hold your breath forever. Don't try. Okay? But you can't hold your breath forever. We need air to live. Okay. The next one, we get this from the sun, right? It makes our days very light and bright. Okay? Of course, it is sun light.


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[Assistant] Okay, over here we talked about this a little bit. We saw a video of the machine, uh, the oil pump that is pumping oil out from the ground, right? I just said what it is. It's oil. Oil is used, of course, to make plastic. It's also used to make gasoline that we put in our cars and we drive. It's also used to heat our homes.


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[Assistant] And finally here we have this nice beautiful, uh,


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[Assistant] Wood is in the trunk of the tree, and we use wood to make furniture, to make homes, we use it to make paper, and we use it to make toys and all sorts of other things. So wood is very useful natural resource.


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[Assistant] So we were talking about 14, Lesson 14, Our Resources. As you can see, there are many types of natural resources. There are more than just on this chart, but there are many natural resources that are shown in this chart.


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[Assistant] And remember, when we talk about natural resources, these are things that come from nature that we use. But it's very important how we use these things. Remember, there's not an unlimited supply of trees or oil.


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[Assistant] Our lives would be horrible, terrible. We need these things. We need them to last a long long


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[Assistant] Reduce, reuse, recycle. Those are very important.


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[Assistant] Okay, well I hope you've learned a lot in this lesson. We'll see you again next time. Take care everybody.


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[Assistant] 38 activity book, 38 activity book. Look, look, look, look, we're 38 activity book. Answer the questions. Who is having a costume party and why? Who is having a costume party and why? If you need to re-read


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[Assistant] This story, it's on page 38 of the pupil's book, or the student's book, alright? We're talking about the costume party. Okay.


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[Assistant] So, who is having a costume party and why? The answer is Emily is having a costume party because it's her birthday. How do we know? Because it says, it's Emily's birthday.


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[Assistant] And there's a costume party on Saturday, okay?


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[Assistant] So, stop the video, do it yourself, then come back and I'll help you with the rest of the answers. Question number two. What costume does Matt want?


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[Assistant] Matt really wants a Shema costume. Well, let's go see.


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[Assistant] Matt is thinking about his costume. Mom, I want to be a superhero. What costume does he want? A superhero. So Matt really wants a superhero costume.


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[Assistant] Can't be a superhero because his friend Harry is being a superhero. Oh man. Harry!


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[Assistant] Why does his mom think a pirate costume is a good idea? Because


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[Assistant] What about a pirate costume? his mom asks. You can make a short beard and a mustache with black paper and you've got a pirate hat.


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[Assistant] For, what is Matt's costume in the end? The end of the story.


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[Assistant] Story to Zyho Bufan. What is his costume? Well, as you can see, it is a Pirate Superhero Clown. Pirate. Superhero. Superhero. Clown.


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[Assistant] Pirate superhero clown. He just went with all of them. He combined them all. Easy enough, isn't it?


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[Assistant] Everyone needs a what for Emily's party, a costume for the party. No costume, no going to the party.


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[Assistant] Alright, uhm, Harry can't fly. Well, I can't fly either.


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[Assistant] Harry harry harry harry harry. It's the day of the party. Uhm, Emily is...


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[Assistant] Boink. Matt can make a beard and a mustache.


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[Assistant] He has a Shema hat, he has a funny hat, pirate hat, or a pop hat. Uhm, funny and pirate


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[Assistant] Could be. So I'm gonna write an F and a P here. We don't know if it's a funny hat or a pirate hat.


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[Assistant] So let's move on first. Emily sings because she is a pop star. Pop is like music.


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[Assistant] Everyone laughs at Matt's costume because he looks very pirate.


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[Assistant] No, cause he looks very funny. Okay, now we know that this one is not funny. This one is pirate. Okay. Boop boop boop boop boop boop.


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[Assistant] Ask your friends for ideas, then draw your costume for Emily's party in your notebook. Yeah, do that.


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[Assistant] Uh, draw a costume for Emily's party and send it to our group. I want to see a funny drawing. I want to see a good drawing. You can color it too.


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[Assistant] Now let's write. Uhm, this person is in...


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[Assistant] Comics and on TV and films. Who is in comics?


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[Assistant] Number two. People wear this on their heads. A sheep.


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[Assistant] I often wear a sheep on my head. Just kidding. I wear a hat. I wear a hat on my head.


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[Assistant] Three, you have this when it's your birthday. A sheep, of course.


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[Assistant] Happy Sheep Day to you!


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[Assistant] And here is your sheep. Just kidding, it's a party. Heh. Doi.


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[Assistant] This animal has a thick white curly coat. Okay, thick white curly coat or fur.


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[Assistant] Tell the story. Mary and Zoe are pop stars. I want to actually listen to this.


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[Assistant] Okay, you tell me the story in the group. Okay, this will be your homework.


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[Assistant] Tell me the story of Mary and Zoe are pop stars. I'll give you an example, okay?


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[Assistant] Mary and Zoe are sisters.


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[Assistant] They live in a house. They have a mom.


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[Assistant] Mary and Zoe like watching TV.


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[Assistant] They are watching a pop star. The pop star is singing.


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[Assistant] Mary and Zoe want to be a pop star too!


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[Assistant] Mary has a brush. She is singing. Zoe has nothing. She wants to sing too. She can see a banana. Zoe takes a banana. Mary is dancing.


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[Assistant] Zoe and Mary are singing. They are pop stars. Mom is angry. All right.


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[Assistant] And tell me in the group. Tell me the story. For now guys, I think you know what time it is.


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[Assistant] The dancing AJ boy and the really long legs tall dog. Okay, let's get down to business.


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[Assistant] You guys gotta go to your starting positions. Make you smaller. Go to the start.


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[Assistant] Who should go first? Dancing AJ or the dancing dog? Let's go AJ. AJ goes first. Rolling the dice and one.


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[Assistant] Come on, man. One? You gotta be kidding me. Alright.


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[Assistant] Uhm, describe this person. Okay, so whenever you land on one, you gotta describe the person. This is a short, fat woman.


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[Assistant] With grey, curly hair.


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[Assistant] And she has got a farmer's pitchfork. She is wearing green. Green boots, green shirt, green everything. Alright, that was my description. Now,


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[Assistant] It's the dog's turn. Roll those dice, doggy!


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[Assistant] Four. That's a solid roll. Oops.


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[Assistant] One, two, three, four. How would you describe this person? I would say, this is a cook. She is tall. She has a cook's hat.


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[Assistant] She is wearing a white cook's shirt. And she has got a pot or a pan. Nice. AJ's turn. Ready?


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[Assistant] AJ go. AJ go. Two. I got one and then two. What's next? Three. Okay. Let's describe this person.


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[Assistant] She has long black hair. She is so beautiful.


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[Assistant] Three, okay. Three for the doggie. One, two, three.


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[Assistant] This person is a dentist. That's a tooth doctor.


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[Assistant] Three, one, two, three? Are you serious? What's next, four? One, two, three, alright.


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[Assistant] Hey, this farmer is, is just like this farmer but skinny.


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[Assistant] This is a tall, blonde, skinny farmer or thin farmer with green clothes and brown pants. He's got a pitchfork too. AJ's turn. If I get a four, I'm gonna be like, what in the world?


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[Assistant] Are you serious? I got one, then I got two, then I got three, then I got four?


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[Assistant] What's next? Five? If I get five.


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[Assistant] That's just gonna be weird. Like straight up weird, dawg. One, two, three, four.


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[Assistant] And he is wearing clown makeup with a red nose. Honk honk honk. Okay, dog's tired.


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[Assistant] Doggy, one, two, three, four, five. This clown is fat. This clown is short. This clown has a purple shirt. He has a bow tie. He has hair. His hair is curly and green.


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[Assistant] AJ, if you get a five, I'm gonna blow my top. Okay, alright.


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[Assistant] Her hair is curly and so long. She's got books and a whiteboard too. And she's got


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[Assistant] This is a pirate, but just the head. His beard looks like he just got out of bed. He's got one eye and a big hat too. He has only got one tooth. That didn't rhyme.


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[Assistant] One, two, three, four, five. This is the ugliest pirate I've seen. She is a girl, but she has a beard, and one tooth, and one eye too. This girl really needs to brush her tooth.


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[Assistant] This is a pop star with yellow hair. He's got brown skin and a star on his shirt. He loves to sing. I also don't know what's this thing. Actually, I do. It's a microphone.


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[Assistant] AJ got three. You will see. One, two,


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[Assistant] Three, three, three. This is a dentist. She's a girl. She's got short, fair, or red hair. She's wearing green from head to toe. Now let's see what the dog bro gets. Five. One, two, three, four, five.


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[Assistant] Very last square, he's almost there. His legs are moving towards the very last square. He has got onto the square of the cook with a hat.


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[Assistant] Doggy, no. Don't poo poo on the cuckoo.


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[Assistant] I don't think, I don't think anybody's got a six yet. What is she? She's a nurse. She has like,


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[Assistant] A tall pole with a bag of water on it.


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[Assistant] And her hair is long and straight and blonde. Okay, I think doggy's gonna win. Doggy do. Got a two. Yay, I win.


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[Assistant] Nooo, nooooooo. Okay, I'm gonna go. See you guys.


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[Assistant] I'll think about it. Now be a pet and get me a drink.


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[Assistant] I'll just step into the ladies room and clean this off. Please excuse me.


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[Assistant] Heavens no! Annie and she are friends, but they would never allow her to become family.


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[Assistant] Please, I know I don't look like myself. I don't feel like myself either.


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[Assistant] I realize that what I have now may be simple to some, but it's very dear to me.


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[Assistant] Barry? Oh, it's no good trying to apologize. I'm off. Yes, uh, but uhm. Bye!


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[Assistant] Joe grumbled as her hand automatically reached back to pull her long hair into a bun.


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[Assistant] When she remembered it wasn't there anymore, she tugged at her short ends.


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[Assistant] Beth inquired, walking toward her sisters with something steaming wrapped inside a kitchen towel. Meg glanced sharply at Joe.


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[Assistant] Beth said shyly as she unwrapped two round and slightly burnt buns.


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[Assistant] Not only did the buns warm their hands, but Beth's kindness warmed their hearts even more.


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[Assistant] Meg and Joe left the house, and as they were about to turn the corner, they looked back, as they always did. This time, instead of Mother, Beth stood at the window waving at her sisters.


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[Assistant] With lighter hearts and steps, the two March sisters proceeded to make their way to work.


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[Assistant] The Marx sisters promised mother they would write as often as possible to keep her up to date on their lives at home. For Meg.


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[Assistant] The best time for her to collect her thoughts was after dinner.


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[Assistant] Since Jo was accustomed to waking early to write, she used that time to compose letters to mother instead.


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[Assistant] The two younger sisters wrote their letters whenever they felt like it, so theirs were shorter and more frequent than Meg's and Joe's.


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[Assistant] Whenever or wherever the girls wrote their letters was up to them.


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[Assistant] When they received a letter from Mother, however, the sisters gathered closely together to listen and find comfort in Mother's loving words.


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[Assistant] Which'd help them to have hope, joy, and faith for the future.


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[Assistant] Of course mother should have the day off. Don't worry mother, we'll manage fine on our own.


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[Assistant] Can you hear the R sound? Listen and say yes or no.


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[Assistant] Listen and colour the letters that may...


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[Assistant] It's a bit, uh, old for me. I prefer science fiction and fantasy stories.


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[Assistant] That's very naughty of you to follow me, Theodore Lawrence. And I don't have to tell you anything if I don't want to.


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[Assistant] Deal. But you must promise not to tell a soul.


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[Assistant] I looked for a boyfriend on the internet today and had three strange replies. One from a tennis player, two arrogant.


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[Assistant] One from a taxidermist? Too horrible!


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[Assistant] Mother is with father. She can't be here with me. Hello, my darling girl.


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[Assistant] I'll go tomorrow morning. Maybe I'll ask Lori to come with me.


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[Assistant] I'm happy that Beth is better. We all are, but there's something else. Come, Meg, what are you hiding?


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[Assistant] And besides, why is he sending you a note like that at a time like this?


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[Assistant] Apologize to my sister, though I won't be surprised if she never speaks to you again. You'd better do it this instant or else.


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[Assistant] There are two ways to add window sills and headers. The first is to draw a line across the thickness of the wall to separate the face and pull the header or sill across.


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[Assistant] So first let's measure the header of this doorway here. This front doorway is going to be 6 foot 8 inches tall. So you can use your tape measure. T for tape.


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[Assistant] I'm going to click and release on the floor and create a guideline and type six foot eight enter and it will create an intersection here on the outside of the wall. If you're not seeing an intersection.


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[Assistant] Be sure that when you create the guideline, you're running straight up


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[Assistant] And run right along that green axis to slice through.


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[Assistant] That face where the doorway thickness is.


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[Assistant] So I can see that I've separated this face with this edge. Now I can use the push pull tool P to click and release and meet up with the other side. Click and release. Be sure that when you're pulling it across you don't


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[Assistant] Run too shy or right through the wall thickness.


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[Assistant] You want to just meet up right here with this endpoint or with an edge and then click and release for nice clean modeling. I'm going to practice that again using this window next to the door. I'm going to type T for tape.


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[Assistant] And now this window sill is going to be 30 inches tall.


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[Assistant] Instead of using a guide line, in this case I'll use a guide point. Click and release on an endpoint instead of an edge.


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[Assistant] I'm going to use an endpoint, click and release and move my cursor straight up and I'm going to type 30, enter.


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[Assistant] Now I have a guide point right at 30 inches above the floor plane. I'm going to use my line tool, alpha line. Click and release on that guide point and run right along the green axis to the opposite edge. Click and release. Now I still have my guide line from my door, so I'll click and release.


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[Assistant] And click and release to create another edge to separate out this face from this face. Now I can use my push pull tool, P for push pull. Click and release on this face.


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[Assistant] And run all the way to the opposite edge. Click and release.


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[Assistant] Now, because I've already pulled this one across five feet, I can simply double click on this face to also pull that five feet.


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[Assistant] Because SketchUp will remember the previous dimension for the Push-Pull tool. Now I have a little bit of cleanup to do. I'm going to use my eraser tool, E for Eraser, to click on some of these edges and clean up my doorways.


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[Assistant] Now there's going to be edges on the opposite side of this wall as well, so I can hit my letter K, my shortcut, letter K, to show my back edges. Now I can see these and erase them.


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[Assistant] But I need to be sure not to erase more geometry back here than I want to. So I'm going to adjust my view so that I'm only seeing this back edge here and erasing that.


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[Assistant] You can see what I mean by the back edge. If I orbit here, you can see this edge that I need to erase to clean up. So I can erase that using the back edges setting.


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[Assistant] Next I'm going to hit the letter K to turn off those back edges and get rid of my guidelines. I'm going to go to edit, delete guides.


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[Assistant] The other way to place an opening in a wall is to draw a rectangle on the face and push it through to the other side, subtracting that shape from the wall. I'm going to do that for the bathroom wall here. I'm going to measure five feet from the floor, type five feet, and then I'm going to make it two feet tall. So from that edge, two feet.


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[Assistant] Now I'm going to turn on x-ray mode so that I can see where the window is supposed to be situated. So I'm going to go to view, face style, x-ray. And I can see that this window is right here behind this toilet. So I'm going to use my tape measure to continue to draw the shape. I'm going to draw it at three inches.


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[Assistant] And then it's going to be two foot six wide. So now you can see that I've created a grid here so that I can draw the rectangle.


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[Assistant] Right here and push the shape through. So I'm done with the x-ray mode. So I'll go to view and uncheck x-ray mode under face style.


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[Assistant] And I'm going to draw a rectangle to fit the shape. So R for rectangle, click and release, click and release. Now I'm going to get my push pull tool and click on the shape and push it until it meets the back face.


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[Assistant] If you're having trouble getting it to meet the back face or going too far, you can simply hover over the back edge here and infer to that edge. I'll click and release and the shape disappears because when two faces meet each other in Sketchup, they disappear. So that's another way to create an opening in a wall in Sketchup.


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[Assistant] Now that I've created an opening both ways, I'm going to use my line tool, L for line,


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[Assistant] And infer to a few of these openings so that I can create doorways and other spots. I already have a doorway at six foot eight and I would also like another one here. So I'm going to use the work that I did previously to create that here with an inference point.


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[Assistant] And to do that, I'm just going to hover for a moment with my line tool activated. Just hovering. And now I've created an inference point, a thread. You can see that thread moving from one doorway to another.


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[Assistant] So that I now can reference that six foot eight measurement. I'll click and release once I hit that thread and move right across that doorway thickness. Now I can push pull, P, push pull and hit that opposite edge. I'll do the same thing for this doorway. L for line. I can see that I've lost that inference point. So I'm going to hover for a moment over this end point.


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[Assistant] And then come back here and you can see that thread happening again. And so I'll click and release and then click and release. And then I'll push pull across that doorway.


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[Assistant] Now again, I have some more cleanup to do, so I'm going to hit the letter K to see those back edges.


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[Assistant] Making sure that I situate my view in a way that I won't accidentally erase any other edges that I don't intend to. E for eraser. And same thing over here. Hit the letter K to turn that back off.


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[Assistant] I am going shopping. Do you need anything?


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[Assistant] Hey! I know what happened!


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[Assistant] Aha! Which position?


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[Assistant] The night before the death race across the wastelands is set to begin, your uncle, the great inventor Slate Canole, got kidnapped by the ruthless no-side gang. The only way to get him back is to race his coil-runner against the gang yourself.


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[Assistant] Win and they'll give back your uncle. Lose and you'll forfeit the Coil Runner and all his other creations.


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[Assistant] As the grueling race gets underway, you find yourself falling further and further behind. Your only chance is to take a shortcut your uncle told you about. The Flux Ravine Gambit.


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[Assistant] Fortunately, the Coil Runner comes equipped with emergency turbo thrusters. Unfortunately, your uncle was a notorious tinkerer, and the system still had some kinks to work out.


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[Assistant] Just minor things like the ignition exploding, the reactor leaking, or the oxygen levels depleting, any of which would end your racing career immediately.


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[Assistant] Before his kidnapping, Uncle Slate determined that each of these critical failures was the ultimate result of a chain reaction originating in the thrusters.


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[Assistant] He was also certain that while one factor could trigger two different effects and two factors could each independently lead to the same effect, no effect is caused by two factors in conjunction.


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[Assistant] However, Uncle Slate never got around to pinpointing which thruster was responsible for which error.


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[Assistant] All you have are the notes from his test runs.


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[Assistant] Three. When thrusters C, D, and E are on, the fuel gauge glows and the gravitometer spins.


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[Assistant] Four. When thrusters A, D, and E are on, the gravitometer spins and the helium tank rattles.


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[Assistant] 5. Shortly after the helium tank rattles and the gravitometer spins, the ignition explodes and the oxygen levels deplete.


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[Assistant] Six. Shortly after the fuel gauge glows and the gravitometer spins, the reactor leaks.


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[Assistant] You need to use as many thrusters as possible to give yourself the best chance at clearing the gap without triggering any of the three catastrophic failures.


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[Assistant] The most important thing to remember here is that even if we know that one thing causes another, the converse is not necessarily true.


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[Assistant] For example, this panic switch shuts off the coil runner's engine, but the engine being off doesn't necessarily mean the panic switch was engaged. The coil runner could be out of fuel, or damaged, or turned off normally.


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[Assistant] We can, however, conclude that if the engine is running, the panic switch hasn't been engaged.


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[Assistant] With that in mind, one way we can start is to work backwards from the three defects that could knock you out of the race. So let's look at Slate's last two notes, since they give direct information about those.


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[Assistant] The gravitometer spins in both cases, but the results are different. That means the spinning gravitometer can't be the cause of any particular malfunction. If it were, the same thing would happen each time.


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[Assistant] So we can conclude that a glowing fuel gauge makes the reactor leak, while a rattling helium tank makes the ignition explode and depletes the oxygen levels.


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[Assistant] Once we know which two errors we need to avoid, we can make a table and use the logic of cause and effect to see which thrusters trigger them.


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[Assistant] Since the helium tank is fine during the first test run, when thrusters B and C are active, we can assume neither makes it rattle. And from the third run, we know that D and E don't either. That leaves thruster A, which was indeed used in the second and fourth test runs where the helium tank rattled.


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[Assistant] Now, what causes the glowing fuel gauge? From the fourth test run, we know it can't be thrusters A, D, or E, so is the culprit B, C, or each of them separately?


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[Assistant] The answer can be found in the second and third test runs. The fuel tank glowed in both, but B was activated in one and C in the other.


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[Assistant] That means the B and C thrusters, each independently, make the fuel tank glow.


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[Assistant] It looks like the A, B, and C thrusters are off limits. Fortunately, the other two are just enough to clear the jump. You rocket into first place and the gang begrudgingly hands over your uncle. He thanks you profusely and decides to celebrate your victory with a cup of tea from his latest contraption.


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[Assistant] If you love the thrill of victory over riddles, puzzles, and conundra, race over to Brilliant.org. Brilliant is a problem-solving based website and app with more than 60 courses in math, logic, science, and computer science.


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[Assistant] Brilliant resources will help you unravel concepts bit by bit, build up to an interesting conclusion, and discover deep truths in unexpected places along the way.


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[Assistant] Visit brilliant.org slash TedEd to check it out. As an added bonus, the first 833 of you to visit using that link will receive 20% off the annual premium subscription fee.


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[Assistant] While she was at Anne March's, Amy felt as though she were trapped in a pitch black tunnel with no light beckoning to her at the end.


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[Assistant] Until then, Amy had taken for granted the liveliness and warm affection of her family


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[Assistant] How she missed the constant cheerful voices that seemed to fill the whole house all day long.


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[Assistant] Aunt Mark snapped when Amy, who was reading to her, paused to think about her family.


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[Assistant] Screech Polly as she took the cracker at March offered her.


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[Assistant] And March might have been a nasty woman, but she was not heartless.


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[Assistant] She was also worried about the fate of Beth, who she thought was witless but pure-hearted and innocent.


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[Assistant] At March felt a pang in her heart as she watched Amy struggle to control her emotions.


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[Assistant] Amy, wiping her tears, with a silk handkerchief like a true lady, turned to her with curiosity.


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[Assistant] And March held out a small green velvety box which Amy slowly took from her.


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[Assistant] At March replied in a firm and strict voice that meant Amy should not try to argue with her.


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[Assistant] Amy said, her eyes dancing joyously as she put the ring on her middle finger.


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[Assistant] In addition to the ring, Aunt March promised Amy many more gifts, as long as she remained obedient and found favor in the old lady's eyes.


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[Assistant] Upon his next daily visit, Amy promptly told this all to Laurie, who looked doubtful as he listened patiently.


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[Assistant] It's very lovely, but don't you think you're a little too young for that? asked Lori with a frown.


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[Assistant] Laurie mumbled his opinion of Aunt March under his breath, but apparently Amy still had much more to say about material things.


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[Assistant] So you want her to die, do you? Laurie asked nastily. Reddening in the face, Amy stuttered.


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[Assistant] Do you want to know how Beth is or not? Laurie asked rather harshly.


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[Assistant] She said, shame-faced. Well, Beth is still... Laurie began more gently. As he spoke, Amy looked down at the ring.


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[Assistant] It didn't seem to shine as beautifully anymore, nor did the thought of a pearl necklace seem so appealing.


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[Assistant] The reality was that Beth was gravely sick, and death was no joking matter.


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[Assistant] After Laurie had left, Amy had a lot to think about.


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[Assistant] Struck by the truth, she was forced to realize that her possessions would have no value to her once she were dead.


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[Assistant] After much soul searching, Amy decided to write a will reasoning,


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[Assistant] When Amy finished writing her will, a peaceful calm came over her. She prayed.


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[Assistant] The next day when Laurie came, Amy showed him the will and asked him to sign it as a witness.


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[Assistant] Amused yet touched by Amy's maturity and thoughtfulness, Lori agreed. Then he gave Amy the good news. Mother March is coming home soon, he announced.


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[Assistant] Laurie took a deep breath and said, I don't know, but Dr. Bang said to send for your mother. The girls don't know yet. I want it to be a surprise. Amy was overjoyed that mother was returning.


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[Assistant] She wondered whether her homecoming would be a happy or sad one.


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[Assistant] Let me think about it. Thanks for calling. Bye.


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[Assistant] I am looking for a package tour to Australia. Can you give me some useful addresses?


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[Assistant] This is the story of Bridget and Annie who share a flat in London. They have a neighbor Nick. Nick fancies Bridget, but Annie fancies Nick.


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[Assistant] That's the way it is until Bridget gets a letter from Argentina. Stand by for Extra.


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[Assistant] Next time in Extra, the flatmates go shopping for Hector. Hector goes shopping for the girls.


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[Assistant] But what happens when Hector goes shopping for himself? Extra! Don't miss it.


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[Assistant] Don't worry, friend. We'll have ourselves a ball.


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[Assistant] Not just from work and school but also from our chores and not to have to worry about repairs


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[Assistant] I'd better eat something or my stomach will complain. Yes, I'm getting hungry too.


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[Assistant] We're on holiday. I'm sure we can find something to eat.


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[Assistant] I work freelance, so I work for different magazines and newspapers, but I also work for a publishing company. I take pictures for their travel books and guides.


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[Assistant] Whisper, whisper. What can you do? I'm whisper. I can talk to you. Whisper, whisper.


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[Assistant] I mean, as a woman, do you think he's handsome? Well, physically attractive.


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[Assistant] You don't have to give up your butter and chocolate biscuits. I'm just saying you should use less.


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[Assistant] This is the story of two girls who share a flat in London. They have a neighbor, Nick, who likes Bridget. But Annie likes Nick.


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[Assistant] That is until Hector arrives from Argentina. And Hector is very, very handsome. Stand by for Extra.


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[Assistant] Next time in Extra, Annie goes dating on the internet. And so do Nick and Hector. But do they like their dates? Extra, don't miss it.


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[Assistant] I have an idea. Why don't you eat here?


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[Assistant] Well don't worry, we will help you get your promotion. Leave it to us.


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[Assistant] And Bridget's boss Howard wants to take her out for dinner tonight. I wonder why?


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[Assistant] His nickname is The Octopus. The Octopus! Anyway.


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[Assistant] Hector and I will prepare and serve a good dinner this evening. We will help you get your promotion.


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[Assistant] Hop on. I'll give you a lift. Hey. So.


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[Assistant] You still want to be a waiter? No! I want to be like you, Nick!


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[Assistant] Letting go of something doesn't mean you're going to lose it.


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[Assistant] Yes, you found a flower that grows on the shortest day of the year.


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[Assistant] One, you must never shout or raise your voice. Two, you must never run around the house.


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[Assistant] If you break or damage anything, you will pay for it. Even if you have to come work for me for the rest of your life.


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[Assistant] Three, meals are served at set times. If you are late, then you do not eat. Four, you will be given chores and expected to complete them by the time given. More chores.


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[Assistant] Your sister used to do that, but she got lazy. Then she got sick. I don't know what to do with that girl. SIX?!


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[Assistant] The Timble Shelves in clear, lacquered beach veneer. With six casters. And a TV bench. Now, where shall we begin?


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[Assistant] First, open box A and take out shelf number one. But, uh, which is box A?


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[Assistant] Anyway, guess what I have discovered.


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[Assistant] Hector's family, the Romero family, is one of the richest in Argentina. Can you believe it? Wow! The good news is our landlady has gone on holiday.


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[Assistant] There you are, Hector. So why the secret?


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[Assistant] So where are you going looking like John Travolta?


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[Assistant] Yes, Hector is still building the shelves. I don't know why he is so keen to help. Still, I like it. Do you think that's correct? And poor Nick, he looks exhausted. He's going out with Eunice. They've been to the theatre, the cinema, a restaurant, a salsa club,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the surface, everything at the march home appeared to return to normal.


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[Assistant] Amy was back home showing off her ring, not mentioning to Meg that she had left it to her and her will.


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[Assistant] And entertaining the family with funny episodes about Aunt March and her parrot, Polly.


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[Assistant] Beneath the smiles and laughter however, the sisters had changed considerably.


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[Assistant] They were no longer the carefree young girls they used to be before Beth's illness.


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[Assistant] Perhaps the person who changed the most was Beth herself.


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[Assistant] Outwardly, she seemed to regain her health and sunny disposition.


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[Assistant] Her optimistic and innocent world, however, had been shattered when the Hummel baby died in her arms, giving Beth a close encounter with death.


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[Assistant] Beth withdrew even more into herself, as if an inner light in her had been switched off.


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[Assistant] Seeing the change in Beth, Jo knew that she could never forgive herself for contributing to the loss of happiness in her sister's life.


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[Assistant] Amy called sharply. Lost in thought, Joe did not even hear Amy speaking to her.


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[Assistant] Meg, noticing Joe's peculiar response, knew that her sister was not on speaking terms with Lori because of the tasteless joke he had played.


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[Assistant] Meg also knew that Joe, although she was pretending to the world and herself that it didn't matter, was deeply troubled by the rift in their friendship.


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[Assistant] Meg suggested, while she looked away from Joe's piercing glare.


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[Assistant] Said Mother, giving Amy a warning look to go easy on Joe.


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[Assistant] Amy jumped up, clapping her hands like a little girl. Glancing at Joe, Mother replied,


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[Assistant] When mother and Amy left together with Meg trailing closely behind, Beth turned to her sister with worried eyes and asked,


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[Assistant] Pressing her lips together, Joe forced a smile and took Beth's pale, thin hand.


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[Assistant] Squeezing her hand gently, Beth rested her head on Joe's shoulder.


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[Assistant] On such short notice, a lot of tightly organized teamwork was needed to put together a meal quickly.


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[Assistant] For the rest of the day, everyone busily took charge of certain tasks to ensure a highly hospitable evening for their neighbors.


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[Assistant] Answered Meg, careful not to collide with Mother as she carried out a large steaming dish.


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[Assistant] While the others scrambled around the kitchen, Joe volunteered to help Beth downstairs so she could join the festivities.


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[Assistant] Giggled Beth as she struggled to maintain her balance on shaky legs.


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[Assistant] Her progress was painstakingly slow but in the end, Beth managed to seat herself on the sofa. Then Joe wrapped a thick blanket around her for warmth.


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[Assistant] As Beth smiled up at her sister, there was a knock at the door and Joe was the only one available to answer it.


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[Assistant] She merely nodded to Lori, who returned the curt gesture.


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[Assistant] Mr. Lawrence immediately made his way toward Beth, who welcomed her dear friend with a weak but genuine smile.


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[Assistant] Standing together awkwardly, Laurie and Joe spoke at the same time.


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[Assistant] The main entertainment was Amy, who repeated her stories for Matt Marches.


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[Assistant] If anyone noticed the tension between Lori and Joe, they did not mention it.


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[Assistant] Jo stood up, grabbed the bread basket and was heading toward the kitchen when she overheard Mr. Lawrence saying, Laurie, can you bring me a glass of water?


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[Assistant] Even though mother protested that one of the girls could get it, Mr. Lawrence insisted his grandson should go, thereby driving Laurie into the kitchen where Joe was.


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[Assistant] Trying to ignore him, Joe tossed the bread into the basket as quickly as she could without acknowledging his presence.


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[Assistant] I don't know how to make things right, he said quietly. Could you forgive me and accept me as a friend again?


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[Assistant] All her animosity, anger and hurt melted away in an instant.


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[Assistant] The two friends smiled at each other and knew that everything was going to be fine.


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[Assistant] Suddenly a loud commotion arose from the living room, forcing Joe and Laurie to cut short their reunion.


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[Assistant] Meg and Amy were beside themselves as they ran toward a tall thin man standing in the doorway.


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[Assistant] As Mother stood still at the table, wiping her eyes with her napkin.


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[Assistant] Behind him stood Mr. Brooks, quiet as ever, but staring at only one person in the room, Meg.


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[Assistant] Lifting Beth from her chair and putting her on his lap, Father gathered his girls around him and said, How I missed my little women.


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[Assistant] When Mr. Lawrence, Laurie, and Mr. Brooks tried to leave unnoticed, Father called out,


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[Assistant] You said she was being very nice to you.


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[Assistant] Okay, Annie, this wedding...


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[Assistant] It's a masterpiece. I'd be great as Hamlet.


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[Assistant] I will teach you to be a television reporter. Okay. Okay. Rule number one. Imagine you were talking to a beautiful woman.


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[Assistant] Good evening. This is Nick Jessup reporting from the Houses of Parliament. Just for you.


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[Assistant] I discovered Shakespeare. To die. To sleep. I love it. And.


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[Assistant] Hello grammarians. In this video, I'm gonna tell you about a piece of punctuation called the colon. The colon is these two little dots right here, one stacked on top of the other. And it has quite a few functions, just like a lot of other pieces of punctuation.


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[Assistant] The idea of this linking function is that the colon can link an independent or dependent clause with another independent or dependent clause or a phrase or a word when there's a strong connection between the two things that it's linking.


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[Assistant] So if I want to tell someone what I think about two movies about animals, I could say,


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[Assistant] Both movies are great, but Sky Pal has one thing that makes it better. Dogs that play sports.


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[Assistant] And that could stand alone as a sentence, but it doesn't tell us what that one thing is. So the colon comes in and tells us, I'm about to tell you what that thing is. Dogs that play sports.