[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the real world, we would probably not create an array with types of variables. But this is excellent to show you how to create a new array based on the values of one original array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To do that, we start by creating a new empty array outside of the loop. And let's do that here after this one. So I will call this one types.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now I think this is something we didn't do before, which is to simply create an empty array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And all we have to do is to basically create an array with the usual syntax, but without any element inside of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now we have to go here to the same loop because this new array types will be based on the Jonas array. So it's going to have the same length. And so we can use the exact same loop that we used to read data from the Jonas loop also to construct this new types array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And remember that this works because we can essentially do this. So we could do it again without a loop and say type 0 is equals


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] String. So this would work, right? And so of course it also works with the index number here dynamically. And so that's exactly what we're doing here in the exact same way as we read data from the Jonas array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So just to see if that works, let's then log to the console this newly created, or to be more accurate, this newly filled array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, let's see. And indeed, now we get this array, which has exactly the types that we can see here as well. So, string, string, number, uh, string, object, and boolean. So these six that we also have here, which means that we achieved our goal here. Now, this is just one way of filling an array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let me write that down here. Filling, the types, array. And here we do basically reading.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From Jonah's array. But this is just one way of doing it. So let's comment out this one and do it in another way. And do you remember how to add elements to an array in another way? Well, we could use the push method, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that would be types.push. And remember that push adds a new element to the end of the array. And so here we now need to pass in the element that we do want to add on to the array. And so that's again type of Jonas at position i.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so if we try this now again...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we should get the same. And it's important that we add the new element to the end of the array and not to the beginning. So we really need to use push here and not unshift.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think that this way of doing it here is actually a little bit cleaner. But if you prefer this first way here, then of course you can just use that one as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what matters here is that we really understood the logic of how to construct all the different parts of this for loop in order to loop the array. So it starts with the counter being zero, because that's the first element of the array, and then, uh, this condition here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which specifies that the current index always needs to stay below the length of the array that we're looping through. And then in the loop itself, we always get the current element using the current counter. Which is going to go from zero to the length of the array minus one, basically. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to make sure we really got this, let's try another, maybe more practical example. So let's go back to having an array of birth years. So 1991.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now what we want to do is to calculate the ages for all these four birth years here. And we want to store them in a new array. And that's a very common type of operation, which we actually already did before, but without using loops. So essentially that's what we did in the tip calculator challenge. Um, so.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here we had an array of three belts and then we manually calculated the tip for each of them. So manually we specified the index 0, 1 and 2 and created a new array based on these values.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in the real world, we would have used a loop to do that. And so that's what we will do now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, just with another bit more simple example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Years is the array which contains the birth years. And now let's create another, and again empty array, which will then hold the ages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so what we're gonna do now is to loop through years and then fill up these ages array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, once more, let's define the counter at zero for the same reasons that we did it before. And it's not a problem that this counter variable here has exactly the same name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the condition is also going to be the same. And actually the whole loop, uh, always kind of looks the same when we loop over an array. So now here the difference is that it's of course years.length.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, at the end, we, as always, increase the counter by one. And now what we need to do is to calculate the age of the current year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's gonna be 2037, so as always that's the year that we're currently in, let's say, and then minus the current birth year. So, how do we get that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We say years at the current loop position.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's nothing new, I hope, now at this point. Okay, so we have this calculation now, and now we want to add it to this new, uh, empty array. So we say we want to push it to that array. And so we use the push method to do that. So ages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Push, and so this is the value that we want to push into this empty array. And that's actually it. So let's check it out in the console.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's just do it with 27 as well. 2007, I mean. And so that's 30, which is this one. And so this array result is correct indeed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what we essentially did is this. We cannot do operations between simple values and an array. So that I showed you earlier, right? We cannot do 2037 minus the years array. That will just give us not a number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so here, in this loop, we basically did it individually. So we did the calculation one by one. In each iteration of the loop, we calculated 2037 minus this year and then added it to the first position in the ages array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we did 2037 minus this and put it at the end of the ages array again. And then the same for this one and for 2020.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. So that is a very, very useful and important application of the for loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now to finish, let's learn about two important statements for loops. And that's the continue and the break statement. Let me just write that here. Continue and break. And let's start with continue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, continue is to exit the current iteration of the loop and continue to the next one. On the other hand, break is used to completely terminate the whole loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's see two quick examples for that and let's go back to actually this first loop that we had here where we looped this Jonas array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I will just copy this because we already learned how to loop through the array and now I'm just interested in showing you how to continue and break work. So let me delete this and this as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now let's say that for some reason we only wanted to print elements to the array that are strings. And the continue statement is perfect for this. Because again, with continue we can exit the current iteration of the loop. So what we can do here is to say


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that's how we write the continuous statement. It's really just this continue keyword.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, again, what we want to do here is to only lock strings to the console. Which means that everything else should basically be skipped. And that's what we do here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we say if the type of the current element, so that's this one here, so if the type of the current element is not a string, then continue, which again means that the current iteration of the loop is exited and then the next one starts immediately. So let's just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Write some other note here to the console just so we know what we're doing here, like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only strings, because otherwise the output here is gonna start to look a little bit confusing. But anyway, let's test this now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And indeed, we only get strings now. So these three are strings, and all the other ones are not strings. So this number, this array and this boolean,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they will now not get printed, because we basically skipped them. For example, that age number, which is 46 here, so the third element, does have the type number here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's not a string, and so this here will be true. Because of course number is different than string. And so this is true, and so this code here will run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what continue will do is that it will immediately exit the current iteration. And so this line of code here will not be executed in the current iteration. It will not even be reached. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now finally let me just show you how break works. And remember that what break does is to completely terminate the whole loop. So not just the current iteration. So what we want to do now is to log no other elements after we found a number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So essentially, after a number is found, which will be this 46 here, nothing else should be printed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, let's do that, and I will again copy all of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's translate the logic that we just set into the code. So as soon as a number is found, we want to break the loop. So our if condition here should be a type of Jonas I. So the current element, if it's equal to a number,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now that's number, then break. Okay, let's see the result here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And indeed, that's exactly what we wanted. So after the first number is found, which is this 46 here, nothing else is printed. So in this iteration, where the number is found, not even this line of code is printed anymore, and then the loop is terminated completely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, now this might not sound very practical, but believe me, there are some important use cases for continue and break. It's just hard to create some small and isolated code examples to show you just how useful they can be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But anyway, I wanted to let you know that continue and break exist. But the most important takeaway from this lecture is definitely to understand how we can loop through arrays using this kind of logic here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so this one here is really important that you understand this snippet of code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So on the green team, Diana, on the red team, who's it gonna be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Red team, you know what, don't get down on yourselves, it's just the way it is. You need to go home, you need to refocus. Tomorrow's about you individually, okay? And each and every one of you, as we're staring at you, are great cooks. So come in tomorrow, recharged, and get ready to rumble. You got it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a snail that has developed a unique and incredible strategy for protecting itself from danger. It builds itself in iron suit of armor. It's called the scalyfoot snail, or chrysomaline squamiferum, if you want to get technical. Its name comes from the hundreds of stiff dark scales that cover its fleshy foot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The part of the snail's body it uses to scooch around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which are molecular combinations of iron and sulfur. In this case, the compounds are mainly pyrite, a mineral commonly called fool's gold, and gregite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This species has been spotted at three different hydrothermal vent locations in the Indian Ocean. And at one of those locations, the waters lack iron sulfide, which is likely why the snails do, too. But in the other two spots, where the venting fluids are rich in iron compounds,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, scientists have been trying to figure out how these snails acquire their suits of armor and what they're used for. At first, researchers suspected the iron might come from bacteria that thrive in hydrothermal waters. Specifically, bacteria that can survive the lack of oxygen because they essentially breathe sulfate instead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The snails might have control over the formation of their mineral armor. Exactly how they do this, though?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As for why they have this armor, well, protection from predators seems to be an obvious answer. A 2010 study found that the iron shell has a multi-layered structure


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That makes it extra resistant to fracturing or bending. On top of that, the foot scales are reportedly harder and stiffer than the enamel coating on your teeth. So the snail armor seems pretty perfect for resisting any attacks from the predatory crabs and snails in its ecosystem. It may even serve as a model for humans to build extra strong materials.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we'll need to be careful not to wipe out the snails first. See, in 2018, they were officially classified as an endangered species, because the vents they live on are targeted for mineral mining. Some of their habitat has likely already been disturbed. But hopefully, we can keep them around, and they'll have a lot more to teach us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Let us welcome you to the final day of dramatic battle between great tragedians.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is a spring day here in Ancient Greece. Nearly 17,000 patrons are filing in to the Theater of Dionysus to watch top playwrights including favorites, Aeschylus and Sophocles duke it out to see whose hero may be deemed most tragic, whose story most awful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mario Lopedokia, this is nothing we haven't seen before. All 50 members speaking from the depths of their souls. Wait, what is this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Incredible. Surely, Thespis will go down in history as the very first actor. He has changed the face of theater forever. And that was just the warm-up act. On to the main attraction. Aeschylus will have the stage first. Let's see what he does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not only are they down a few people, there are two actors taking center stage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is absolutely unheard of. He has built on Thespis' idea and added a second actor to the mix. Aeschylus is relying on the two individuals to tell the story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As usual, the chorus is set up in the orchestra. And, what's this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sophocles has added a third actor. Will this one-upmanship never end? Three actors, and they are changing their masks to take on several different roles as they weave the tale of Oedipus, a nice fellow who kills his father and marries his mother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is most tragic, Mario Lopedokia. Call me crazy, but I'm willing to bet that future generations will hold this play up as the perfect example of tragedy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't even imagine. Wait. The messenger has stepped on stage and is telling us of the great king's actions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't blame the guy, can you? Bet it his mother, killed his father, is father and brother to his children. I might do the same. My friend, I do believe we've seen it all. Indeed we have. There is nothing more


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a night, folks. We have witnessed the laying of the foundation of modern theater. And some great innovations. The shrinking of the chorus. The addition of three actors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It sure does, but now we are out of time. I'm Steve Krestopoulos. And I'm Mario Lopedokia. Peace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It could be savoury challenge today and I haven't done savoury dishes so far in this competition so it's just scary. Anyone could possibly go home and it could be me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I normally cook savory at home for my parents, but it's something like roast pork, lamb, fresh salad, but not fried chips. Have you used this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I take my chips out of the freezer, but they're quite oily, so I'm just gonna throw them away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I agree with the judges that the chips haven't cooked properly. I'm just worried they're gonna be the bottom four.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm feeling very nervous walking in with another savory dish. But I've cooked my heart out and I think my grandma would be very proud of me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm happy with my dish. I guess when I cooked desserts, I was a bit more comfortable because I've cooked desserts more than savoury, but when I've got my grandma's inspiration behind my back, I felt less nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know that she's always been proud of me, but being able to present to you guys her dish, just, you know, she'll be amazed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Roald Amundsen had spent nearly two years preparing his Arctic expedition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had secured funding from the Norwegian Crown and handpicked a trusted crew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had even received the blessing of the famed explorer Fridge of Nansen, along with the use of his ship, Fram, specially constructed to withstand the ice. Now, with the voyage departing, he had one final announcement to his shipmates. They were going to head in the opposite direction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the early 20th century, nearly every region of the globe had been visited and mapped, with only two key locations remaining. The North Pole, deep in the frozen waters of the Arctic region,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the South Pole, nestled within a recently discovered icy continent in the vast Antarctic Ocean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A veteran of several expeditions, Amundsen had long dreamed of reaching the North Pole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in 1909, amidst his preparations, news came that the American explorers, Frederick Cook and Robert Peary, had staked rival claims to the achievement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of abandoning the planned voyage, Armidson decided to alter its course to what he called the last great problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Armidson's crew weren't the only ones kept in the dark. British naval officer Robert F. Scott had already visited the Antarctic and was leading his own South Pole expedition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was greeted with the news that Amundsen was also heading south.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reluctantly, Scott found himself pitted against the Norwegian in what the newspapers called a race to the pole. Yet, if it was a race, it was a strange one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The expeditions left at different times from different locations, and they had very different plans for the journey. Armidson was focused solely on reaching the Pole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Informed by his Arctic exploration, he drew on both Inuit and Norwegian experience, arriving with a small team of men and more than a hundred dogs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His explorers were clothed in sealskin and furs, as well as specially designed skis and boots. But Scott's venture was more complicated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Launching an extensive scientific research expedition, he traveled with over three times more men than Armidson, alongside over 30 dogs, 19 Siberian ponies, and three state-of-the-art motorized sledges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But these additional tools and bodies weighed down the ship as it battled the storms of the Southern Ocean. And as they finally began to lay supplies, they found both their ponies and motor sledges ineffective in the harsh ice and snow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the spring of 1911, after waiting out the long polar night, both parties began the journey south.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Scott's team travelled over the Beardmore Glacier, following the path of Ernest Shackleton's earlier attempt to reach the pole. But although this course had been documented, it proved slow and laborious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meanwhile, despite an initial false start, Armidson's five-man team made good time, using a previously uncharted route through the same trans-Antarctic mountains.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They stayed ahead of Scott's team and on December 14th arrived first at their desolate destination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To avoid the ambiguity that surrounded Cook and Peary's North Pole claims, Armerton's team traversed the area in a grid to make sure they covered the pole's location.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Along with flags and a tent marker, they left a letter for Scott, which would not be found until over a month later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But when Scott's party finally reached the pole, losing the race was the least of their problems. On the way back towards the camp, two of the five men succumbed to frostbite, starvation and exhaustion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The remaining explorers hoped for a pre-arranged rendezvous with a team sent from their base, but due to a series of mishaps, misjudgments, and miscommunications, their rescue never arrived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their remains, along with Scott's diary, would not be found until spring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, scientists from various countries live and work at Antarctic research stations, but the journeys of these early explorers are not forgotten. Despite their divergent fates, they are forever joined in history and in the name of the research base that marks the South Pole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you know which pole has penguins and which has polar bears? Find out the answer and more characteristics of the Arctic and Antarctic poles in this video. Or trace the epic journeys of more fearless explorers in this video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Always came to learn new things, so hopefully I'll be able to teach us all some new tricks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Piers whipped her bavoir, but it's not looking quite as aerated as the other two, and that could make it quite dense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember I said that in 1934, the United States government decided to insure mortgages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, of a certain kind through the FHA, Federal Housing Administration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Private companies that also did insurance on mortgages, and then you pay for it. So when you get your first, uh, house, uh, you'll have a mortgage payment that subsumes the PMI, private mortgage insurance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, that insures the lender. But you have to pay for the insurance. You, the homeowner, pay for it. Uh, if the down payment is less than 20% of the value of the home. And it usually is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, now there is a controversy. Uh, this is more manipulation and decep- it's not really deception, it's failure to notify you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You would think that the mortgage lender or the mortgage insurance company would notify you when the value of your house is probably over 20, uh, you know, the value of your house went up, so now the down payment is, uh, uh, your mortgage balance is less than 80% of the home value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And tell you to cancel, but they don't. Uh, so, uh, many people continue to pay for PMI, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Long after it was necessary. That's capitalism. They have no incentive to notify you. Uh, they also didn't necessarily hold enough reserves. So in the financial crisis, uh, at least one of them, PMI Group Inc. declared bankruptcy. So insurance companies are not necessarily reliable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The CMO is a, I think I was studying on this last time, it's a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a bank issues a mortgage, it's a loan, so it's a piece of paper with a certain value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They can sell the mortgage to somebody else and typically continue as the servicer of the mortgage, namely,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is a pool of mortgages that is sold to investors like you. You could invest in one of these.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But they also divide them up into tranches. I think I alluded to this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The senior tranche gets paid first. If there are defaults, it affects the senior tranche only if all the other tranches have been wiped out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they might have a triple A tranche and then a double A tranche and so on that are not rated as highly. And it helps them sell these securities because many investors are required


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last, uh, tranche, the worst one, is called toxic waste. And these are the ones, it's probably not worth anything, uh, or very likely not worth anything. And, uh, hedge fund investors might buy those if they, at a, at a price, really low price.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what is a CDO? It's something like that. It does the same thing. It divides up into tranches. You might think of CDO as just a more general category. They don't have to buy just home mortgages. They can buy


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These, by both CMOs and CDOs went into, uh, default, uh, they reached into the higher tranches during the financial crisis, and that was of, of, of 2000.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I said 2007, it's 2007, 8, 9, maybe 10, 11, maybe even now we can still say we're in it. I don't have a good name for it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what we do know is that these, uh, these, uh, uh, CDOs and CMOs dropped in price. Actually, they dropped in price too much. The AAA tranches shouldn't have been rated AAA, but they weren't as bad as all that either. People panic because of the crisis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it was a good investment in 2009 or around then to buy, uh, low priced CDOs and CMOs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you have to be smart. Once again, I don't believe the efficient markets hypothesis that everything's priced right. Especially at a time of crisis when everything seems up in the air. And this is a time when deep knowledge of institutions and people help you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you have to kind of be in a swim of things. Know what's going on in Wall Street. Know in 2007 that those ratings that the rating agencies give are bunk, so you don't buy them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After they're beaten down, then you go in and buy them because you know it's not that bad. So that's how the smart money outperforms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Up until now, whenever we changed our code and then wanted to see the effect of the code in the browser, we saved the code and then manually reloaded the browser.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there is a much better way. So instead, we can make the page reload automatically whenever we change our code in the editor. So let's now learn how.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the real world, no professional developer reloads their browsers manually, like we have been doing. So everyone uses some kind of tool to do that. So to make our life easier, as we go through this course, we will now also install such a development tool, which is called Live Server.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we can actually use Live Server in two different ways. First, we can install a VS Code extension, or second, we can use a bit of a more professional workflow using Node.js and a so-called npm package.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's actually start with the easier approach, which is to simply install the live server extension here on VS Code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's Live Server. And it's this one here. So just click Install as always. And then, as we close this, you will see that down here we have this Go Live button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? And so let's try to lock something to the console here now. Or actually, let's try to click this button here first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's increase it a little bit. And you see that right now, uh, we have no output here at all. And that's because we are not logging anything here in this script.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now let's try to actually change the file. So let's just call the corkH function here. And now watch what happens as I simply save this file now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I hit Command S, and you see that here on the other side, the output automatically appeared without me having to reload the browser.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if I try some other value, give it a save again, then you see that it updated here again. And so that is the live server extension, uh, doing its work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, but let's take it back here and actually close this window because this was only the first way of using live server.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So as I said before, there is, like, a more professional way of running Live Server, which is by using something called Node.js, which is a JavaScript runtime that we can install on our computers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, if the extension that we just installed works just fine for you and you don't want to add any more complexity, then you can just skip the rest of this video and move on in the course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I will actually use the second approach in the rest of the course, which is to first install Node.js and then use an npm package called live server there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But again, you can follow the rest of the course just as well by simply using the extension that we just installed. You don't need to install Node.js and the Live Server NPM package.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you're curious and want to see how the second approach works, then let's now quickly go ahead and install Node.js on our computers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So just Google Node.js here, and then it's probably this first result that you saw here. And Node.js is a way of running JavaScript outside of the browser, but also it's a way of running development tools just like the live server that we want to install now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So go here to downloads, and then you can use the LTS version for whatever platform that you're using.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Windows, Mac, Linux. Just download whatever you need for your use case, then install it, and then come back to this video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, if for some reason you cannot do this, or if anything goes wrong, then don't worry. You can of course continue this course without using Live Server. So please don't get stuck on this video if you don't manage to install Live Server for some reason. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now anyway, after you successfully installed Node.js, it will become available as a program in the so-called terminal. And let's use the VS Code built-in terminal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, VS Code has a terminal included. And to open it, we need to go to the menu bar and then New Terminal. Or we can also use this weird shortcut here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I prefer to do it like this. So let's, uh, increase this a little bit. And then I will clear this terminal here by hitting Command or Ctrl K.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that looks a little bit better. I can also increase this by hitting command plus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And actually that increases the whole window. So that I don't want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's go back. But anyway, in case you're not familiar with the terminal, it is basically a way of giving a computer instructions. And we will learn more about the terminal later in the course. This is not the point to worry about the terminal. All I want you to do is to write


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then hit return or enter and then you should see some kind of number here. It doesn't matter what number, but as long as you see a number, it means that you successfully installed Node.js.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have this number here, then you can now write npm install


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, it's not important that you understand what this does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me just in 10 seconds tell you that NPM is the Node Package Manager, which is basically a program to download tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then here we say install, and then here we say that the tool we want to install is called Live Server, and "-g", means that it should be installed globally. And that will make the Live Server tool available everywhere on your computer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're on a Mac, use sudo here before the command, but on Windows you don't need sudo. And it won't work even if you use sudo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hit enter, and if you're on a Mac, you now need to enter your password. And don't worry if you don't see anything there. That is on purpose. Just write it anyway, hit return, and then it should start doing something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So right now it is being installed and I get some errors here apparently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think they are not really important. Anyway, I already had live server installed anyway, and so these errors here, they should be no problem. So we can clear our console again by hitting command or control key.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So probably in your predefined browser. And this browser tab is now connected to your current project folder. And so in the console here, you can see the folder which is this one. So developer skills in this case. And so that's exactly the project folder that we are in right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So whenever you run Live Server in some folder, that folder will then be opened in the browser. And whenever we open a folder in the browser, it will then open the index.html file by default. And that's why we always have an index.html file in any folder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so let's open up the console here. Then we get a small error, but as we reload the page, this error will disappear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's right. And so here, uh, let's actually get rid of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And here let's log to the console the result of colch and then with some here, just so that we can now test this. So when I give it a save, watch what happens here on the right side in the browser. So I will not reload the browser. I will only hit command S to save this file.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you see, it took like half a second, then the browser reloaded, and now we get the result here automatically. Also you can see down here in the terminal that a change was detected, and so that's what triggered the reload.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So any file that changes, uh, in this folder now will trigger a reload. So even if I change something in the HTML file,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, if I save now, then see how it changed here as well right away. So let's put that back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Close it. And actually we can even close this terminal. So if I close it and save it again, you see, uh, it reloaded again very quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's still working. So the terminal is still down there. It's just not visible. But we can always get it back by hitting new terminal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And actually that's a new one, but then just click this menu here and go to the first one that we had, which says Note.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and with this we established a real world web development environment or workflow. And so now you can really start to feel like a real JavaScript developer, not one of the kind that has to manually reload their browser.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I hope that you find this as cool as I do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in any way, we are now finished setting up our browser and also our development workflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So basically, eh, this part here of the section, so the editor setup. And so now we're ready to go a little bit into developer skills. Because that's also an area that's important to develop for you as a new developer. And so the next couple of videos will be how to learn and how to solve problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, data business. Today is one of our favourite challenges. It encapsulates all the things that we think are important in a kitchen. Your ability to communicate, your ability to think fast on your feet, how you process, decipher and execute simple instructions. Today is all about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your ability to think on your feet is crucial. And it's especially crucial today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I think cracking ice cream, that bacon is wonderful, uhm, and those biscuits for me make the dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a little bit perplexed. Really not sure if the maple syrup's gonna go with Singapore chilli crab. Little bit worried it'll take away from the flavours of the maple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's called your dish, Lauren. A 9 out of 10.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow! Brilliant to see smiles on your faces and I'm not surprised!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to help celebrate the market's 150th birthday, you're going to become part of the market.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're going to be serving food to the thousands of people that come here every day.


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[Assistant] The other two teams are going into tomorrow's elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you all know what happens from there. One of you will be going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blue team, you had to serve food in a bowl. And your chicken was delicious, it was crispy. The rice, the teriyaki sauce, which we had to dig down to find, was beautiful. We loved the pickles. And that dessert, the eaten mess, beautifully well balanced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's looking really, really good, but I need to incorporate a little bit more sweetness to my dish. Today I want to show the judges that I can do desserts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not something that I thought would turn up in a sweet ingredient challenge, but now I've got to cook with it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think when I have fun in the kitchen, I cook the best food. That's definitely something that I want to do today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanna stay in this competition so badly, there's no way I wanna go home. You know, I'm thinking about it and I've got some leftover cucumber juice, so I think I will make cucumber syrup that can go over the top of the whole dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I arrange all of my cucumber elements on the plate like little roses. Pickled cucumber, compressed cucumber, fresh cucumber. I want everything to sort of have a floral, very vibrant feel. I delicately place some of those beautiful flowers from the garden on top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if I could ask an astronaut to risk his or her life to go up to fix Hubble. That's a, you know, it's a tough personal choice. But if you ask the astronauts, they do not even hesitate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not every kind of star can explode as a supernova. The sun can't, for example. It just lacks the oomph. It doesn't have the mass that you need to be able to get what happens in the core to make a star blow up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are a handful of stars in the galaxy that are definitely capable of doing this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That red color is due to oxygen, and it's due to iron that is in your blood that was created in a supernova.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so we learn so much about the universe itself when these stars die.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a star that is a bit of a mystery. It appears to have about a hundred times the mass of the sun, and that is the upper limit. The more massive a star is, the hotter it is, and the surface of the star is so hot that it can't even hold onto its own gas. It's constantly blowing off a stream of gas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ada Caranay is one of the very few stars that we can point at and say, yeah, that one's gonna go.


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[Assistant] Take a telescope out in space and point it at one part of the sky and let it sit. Just take an exposure and then take another one and another one and another one and then add them all up. And what do you see when you do this? That's what the Hubble Deep Field is. It is deep in that we're seeing very deep into the universe and you see galaxies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Field that looks like you're taking a picture of fireflies out in a field at night. And yet this is a, you know, an empty patch of sky.


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[Assistant] We estimate that there are hundreds of billions of galaxies in the universe.


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[Assistant] But it's only until you see that Hubble deep field and you understand that you're seeing a tiny little patch of Scott.


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[Assistant] And yet it is filled to the brim with galaxies. And that's telling you that this universe is an astonishing and crowded and wonderful place.


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[Assistant] Scientists use it, but the public have more access to the pictures that were brought down from this telescope than ever before. And so it revolutionized astronomy as far as the public was concerned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you wake up somebody out of bed, a random citizen in this country, and say, name a telescope, they're gonna name Hubble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This video is sponsored by Blue Apron. The first 100 people to sign up using the link in the description will get three free and delicious meals from Blue Apron.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Several months ago, I created a video explaining the different sizes of sea creatures that currently exist. While impressive, I didn't talk about the sizes of land creatures at all, which will be the focus of this video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Standing 4 meters tall and weighing up to 6,000 kilograms, the African elephant is the largest land animal that currently exists. For scale, an average human stands 1.6 meters tall and weighs 62 kilograms. Yet, the African elephant is considered a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 1.8 meters tall and weighed 90 kilograms. A large number of other creatures that currently exist today had way bigger and more terrifying ancestors that used to live on our planet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, take any rodent today and compare them to Josephora tagacia monessi, an alarming creature which could grow up to 3 meters in length, stand 1.5 meters tall, and weigh up to 1 ton.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's almost the weight of a full Toyota Corolla in the form of what's essentially a rat. Yet, arguably, the most terrifying creature to have ever existed was the Titanoboa.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Safe to say, I'm pretty glad that this thing doesn't exist anymore. The largest arachnid to ever exist was a creature called Pool Monoscorpius. A scorpion-like creature that could grow up to 70 centimeters long.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This creature was the largest crocodile to have ever existed. Known to have grown up to 12 meters in length and weigh a ridiculous 8 tons. It would take more than 6 Toyota Corollas to adequately depict its mass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Though frightening, this beast is far from the largest carnivore to have ever existed. Tyrannosaurus Rex often comes to mind when we think of history's largest carnivore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this title really belongs to the Spinosaurus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So while the Spinosaurus holds the record for being the largest carnivore, it is not the largest land creature in history.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That distinction has to go to the aptly named Titanosaur.


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[Assistant] Measurements taken from a confirmed specimen revealed that at least one of these creatures grew to an impressive length of 37 meters and weighed 69 tons, which is the equivalent of about 12 fully grown African elephants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For instance, if you take any creature on earth and increased its size somehow, its mass would increase by a power of three. The width of the creature's body, meaning its muscles and bones, would only increase by a power of two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Therefore, the larger the creature is, the more mass needs to be dedicated to bones in order to support it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because of this law and the effect of gravity on Earth, it is extremely unlikely that a land creature has ever existed that weighed over 100 tons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the same time, if you're busy and think that it's difficult to find food to eat for yourself, then you should consider checking out Blue Apron. If you're as busy as I am, then you probably don't have time to go out and shop for healthy meals. But you can get fresh and delicious meals delivered right to your front door with Blue Apron.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blue Apron will send a refrigerated box to your home with all of the ingredients that you need that are healthy and sourced from local suppliers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So even if you work late, you can come home and cook a great meal for you and between one and three other people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what's better is that the first 100 people to sign up using the link in the description will get 3 free meals with their first order. They have a range of meals you can pick from that change from week to week including vegetarian options.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think you'll probably want to keep going after you taste your first tasty home-cooked meal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm going to talk about five levels of financial regulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll call it regulation within a firm. Uh, that's one. Number two is trade groups. These are organizations, voluntary organizations of firms. Then there's local government regulation, uh, national government regulation, and finally international regulation. We've got all of these. So let me start with within-firm regulation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They typically have outside directors, people from other walks of life who come in to represent the community or to just give them a sense of perspective. The board of directors hires the president and fires the president if he or she is not acting properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The board of directors, you can't make their burdens too heavy because you want people who are connected to the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you value that. So you can't ask them to make it a full-time job. So a board of directors is usually a part-time job. Uh, and they're out there and involved in different things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so, uh, you put people in with reputations. I talked earlier about personality disorders, uh, like the antisocial personality disorder. People who are like that are hard to diagnose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you can diagnose them. You could get an impression. We're all forming impressions of people's personalities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you're appointing directors, you don't appoint people who are, have any shade of suspicion of having a personality disorder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's part of what makes directors work. It may not look fair who gets put on the directors, but it's somebody that there's an agreement, relative agreement, is not a criminal, is not a liar, uh, and has some sense of community spirit. So that's how it really does work in most cases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now a problem with companies is, part of the, part of the thing we do, we put people on the corporation or on a board of directors who have such good reputations that they're not, they're not going to compromise it, right? If someone says, let's, as Yale College, let's do some devious tricks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, this guy will say, not on my watch, you know, and will resign. Because if you have a reputation, it's precious. So that's partly what prevents devious tricks from being played.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I want to talk about devious tricks. The word punnelling is often used to describe tricks


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People in companies use to steal money from the company. I'm referring particularly to a nice article, uh, by Johnson, Laporta, Lopez de Solanas and Schleifer in 2002.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a expropriation by minority shareholders or by board members or by officers as if by an underground


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now they conclude in this paper that tunneling is a real and big problem and it's bigger in civil law countries than in common law countries. Now what's the difference?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Common law is what we have in the United States, which means that we have legislatures making laws


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the Supreme Court declares something, it's like making a law.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The difference is that comp- and by civil law, as exemplified on much of continental Europe, is entirely legislative. You have a parliament or a congress that makes laws, and, uh, there's no consideration of precedent by the courts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Common law has an advantage in that the courts are making judgments in a specific case where there's a dispute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that makes them really close to the problem, and really close to human issues. When there's a dispute between two sides in a legal case, you hear them on their two sides and you sense, there's some emotion here, I can see the conflict, I'm going to try to find a nice way to resolve it. And that becomes law.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think common law, I'll just say that common law is better than civil law, uh, because it has this aspect to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and it's better able to deal with tunneling because tunneling comes up in specific cases where somebody has stolen money from a company.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the shareholders are furious and they come to you and say this was thievery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But usually it's subtle thievery, it's trickery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it becomes hard to disentangle. I think the courts do better at disentangling this kind of thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, Johnson et al. argue that tunneling is more frequent in civil law countries. Common law is very useful in preventing tunneling and other kinds of abuse. It's something that we don't often see. When you ask why is the UK so successful as common law,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in business or the U.S. It has something to do with this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This video was made possible by Skillshare. Get unlimited access to over 25,000 classes for free for two months by signing up at skl.sh slash real life lore 25.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whenever you're flying in an airplane and you're looking out the window, you generally feel pretty safe. Air travel, after all, is statistically the safest way that you can travel. But what happens during the rare times when it's not safe?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And how could you survive if, say, the plane exploded up in the air and you had to fall all the way down to the ground without a parachute? It seems impossible, but surprisingly people have done it before, and none have fallen from a higher distance than Vesna Vulović.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The woman who survived a fall from 33,000 feet up in the sky.


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[Assistant] Volović was born in Belgrade in what was then Yugoslavia, and became a flight attendant for JAT, which was Yugoslavia's national airline.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Less than one year after she had gotten the job and at the young age of only 22, she was a part of the flight crew on JAT flight 367 on January 26, 1972.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The plane was flying from Stockholm to Belgrade, with two stopovers along the way scheduled in Copenhagen and Zagreb. And it was in Copenhagen where the original crew was cycled out with Velović's crew. It was a fateful accident, because Velović wasn't even supposed to be on the flight, but the company had apparently mistaken her with another flight attendant also named Vesna.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regardless, she and her crew boarded the flight anyway, and the plane took off from Copenhagen towards the Greb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A bomb went off in the plane's luggage compartment. The plane was cruising at an altitude of 33,330 feet when the explosion took place, and as a result the entire plane broke apart into pieces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There were 28 people on board the plane, counting all passengers and crew members. The cabin immediately became depressurized, and everybody was blown out to fall down to their deaths, except for Milović.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the height of 33,330 feet, the height that everybody had to fall from was essentially the same as Mount Everest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Belovitch, however, had a series of almost miraculous events on her side that saved her life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First, when the explosion happened, she was hit by a food cart that pinned her down in the back of the plane fuselage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This prevented her from getting blown out of the cabin like what had happened to everybody else. After falling in a horrific free fall the entire 33,000 feet pinned inside, the fuselage landed at an angle in a heavily forested mountainside covered in a thick layer of snow that helped to insulate the landing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Volovich had lied about her heart condition during her interview at JAT out of fear of not getting the job, and had apparently drank a quote, exorbitant amount of coffee to pass her medical exam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A local Czech villager who lived nearby quickly arrived at the scene of the crash to search for survivors and discovered Volovič alive inside of the wreckage. She had been screaming and her turquoise uniform was covered in blood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While Volović was indeed alive, she had suffered a fractured and hemorrhaged skull. Both of her legs were broken, her pelvis was shattered. She had several broken ribs and three broken vertebrae, but still alive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She may have died from her injuries inside of the wreckage and we would have never known that she survived the fall at all. Were it not for the local villager who discovered her and who just happened to have been a medic during the Second World War.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He managed to keep her alive long enough for emergency services to arrive that took Milovic to the closest hospital and it was there that they managed to save her life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She suffered a coma for a month and had complete amnesia of everything that had happened one hour prior to the crash up to the moment that she woke up again. The last thing that she remembered were the passengers getting on board the plane.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She woke up to her parents who had to show her a newspaper article about the crash before she believed what had actually happened to her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bombing of JAT flight 367 was likely part of a terror campaign conducted by Croatian nationalists against the Yugoslav government. The very same day of the plane bombing, a train traveling from Vienna to Zagreb was also bombed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Croatian nationalists carried out a total of 128 terror attacks against Yugoslav civilian and military targets between 1962 and 1982.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, nobody was ever held accountable for the bombing of JAT Flight 367, and to date, no arrests or suspects have ever been made in connection with the attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As for Vesta Balovic, she continued to live a long life after she survived the impossible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every year after that was kind of like a bonus year that she could enjoy afterwards. She regained her ability to walk only 10 months after the crash, and she spent a total of 16 months in recovery. Her parents had to sell both of their family cars in order to pay for her medical bills, but still, she was alive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since she had no memory of the fall, she never developed a fear of flying and wanted to continue being a flight attendant. The airline feared the publicity of having her on board another plane though, so they moved her down into a desk job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vesna Volović became a kind of celebrity in Yugoslavia afterwards, who was celebrated as a hero across communist Europe and the Soviet Union.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was never able to have children of her own due to complications from her injuries. And she was fired from JAT in the 1990s for taking part in anti-government protests against Slobodan Milosevic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In what's possibly the lamest smear campaign ever conducted in history, pro-Milosevic tabloids attacked her story by claiming that her plane had actually been shot down by a Czechoslovak missile, and that she had actually only fallen from a slightly lesser altitude.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regardless, her facts won out and she continued to live her life until 2016, where she passed away in her apartment from her heart complications.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Reaper comes for everybody eventually, but sometimes people like Vesna Valovic say no, not today, and the Reaper had to wait 44 more years before he came knocking again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes, you may just want to get another chance with a new job, a new hobby, or a new passion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But those all often require you to learn a new set of skills that you haven't experienced yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've been wanting to actually film more videos for this channel lately, so I've been taking a course on Skillshare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ...called DIY Cinematography Make Your Video Look Like a Movie by Ryan Booth, a filmmaker who's worked on projects for MTV and Spotify.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're an aspiring filmmaker too, then I highly recommend checking out that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best news is that whatever it is you're wanting to learn, there's no risk to check it out because you can watch any of their courses completely for free for two entire months when you click the link in the description or by heading over to skl.sh slash real life lore 25.


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[Assistant] You've got your taste buds to guide you, which is what you want here.


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[Assistant] Well, there's a lot of ingredients there, so it should... Go ahead.


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[Assistant] Veronica? Veronica? Veronica, are you okay?


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[Assistant] Veronica, Veronica? Veronica, are you okay?


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[Assistant] A historian and a maker of history. That's who Clarence is.


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[Assistant] He does not suffer fools lightly. As much as he loves a good laugh and a good story, he does not suffer fools.


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[Assistant] So Clarence is viewed in the party as being a go-to person, if not, you know, part of that group of folks that are called the King and Queen Makers.


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[Assistant] He actually says, he said it to me many times. He's like, baby, you gotta get your generation to be active. I'm tired.


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[Assistant] Was that he once represented Jimmy Smith.


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[Assistant] You know, he's real quiet at first. He's reserved. He doesn't exactly throw himself at you. Uh, but I just, I just liked him. And I just kept being with him and I thought, God, this guy's


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I like that about him. It's never gratuitous, but if he has something to say that's embellished, let's say by a purple word, he doesn't hesitate to use it.


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[Assistant] Now that's maybe selfish of me to say, but that's my favorite sort of cause. You know.


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[Assistant] When it's raining outside, if a guy comes up with a little umbrella, you feel pretty good. And Clarence, for me,


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[Assistant] Pianist, composer, arranger of Disney Lesby. We were touring around the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Music publishing of MGM and he right away he got me a movie. Right there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, I'm John Green, this is Crash Course Literature, and this week we're continuing our discussion of Gabriel García Márquez's 100 Years of Solitude. It isn't just the story of all those Buendías we talked about last time. Today we're gonna zoom out a little and look at how this novel can be read as a fictionalized history of Latin America's struggle to emerge from colonialism. Mr. Green, Mr. Green, no, no, no, no, no. This is a made-up book about, like, alchemy and raining flowers and stuff. There's no history. Okay, me from the past, I'm not gonna get into a debate with you about what constitutes realness. I'm just gonna point out that there is a television show


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] began to cultivate the region. The American writer O. Henry coined the term Banana Republic in 1904 in a collection of short stories set in Honduras called Cabbages and Kings. And since then, the term has become shorthand for any unstable Latin American country whose economy is tied to exporting a single agricultural product. Many historians consider Banana Republics to be examples of exploitative neocolonialism, like when a developed country uses its financial and political power to manipulate a developing country's internal affairs. And if that sounds a lot like regular colonialism,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is, but the difference is that in neocolonialism, it's business entities that do the colonizing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there's no annexation of territory to a colonizing nation. So it worked like this. Foreign investors arrived, often offering improvements to infrastructure like railroads, roads, and ports in exchange for land. And the investors also offered employment opportunities for local people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But in most cases, these were not good employment opportunities, and the companies usually had a tendency to underpay and mistreat their agricultural workers. And when the workers complained, investors would often resort to violence to keep order. Sometimes these foreign companies even funded military coups or established new governments. And foreign companies used these tactics in Garcia Marquez's hometown of Arakataka. The banana workers didn't have written contracts, there were no restrictions on their work hours, they were partially paid in Scrip, which are vouchers to company-owned stores.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Strike in 1928. Hundreds of men, women, and children gathered in the town square, thinking the governor would address these problems. But instead, the Colombian army, apparently at the behest of the United Fruit Company, set up machine guns on rooftops and blockaded streets leading away from the square. And when the soldiers opened fire, hundreds were killed.


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[Assistant] And that's a good way of thinking about it. Our understanding of the past is always filtered through the lens of a witness or a writer or a photographer, etc. It's never entirely objective. The lenses through which quote-unquote true stories are told are usually privileged lenses. For instance, stories are usually told by those who survive them and also by those who have access to distributing the story, whether it's a printing press or a TV station. But in A Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez tries to tell the story of the colonization of Macondo through the lens of its inhabitants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Garcia Marquez uses magical realism to merge the logic of the visible world with myth in order to integrate multiple realities, the perspectives of the colonizers and those of the colonizers.


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[Assistant] And often the transition from documentary to fiction is marked with a moment of humor, like, look at the mess we've got ourselves into, Colonel Buendia says at the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After workers protest quote the lack of sanitary facilities in their living quarters, the non-existence of medical services, and the terrible working conditions, and complain that they are not being paid in real money but in script,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, consider the implications here. If you can use scientific reasoning and logic to prove that human beings don't exist, then you need some kind of effective counterlogic to represent, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ultimately, it's language that the sleight of hand lawyers have used to prove that people are not people, and here, language kind of falls apart in the face of human reality. And then there's the unlikely detail that there are only two witnesses to this massacre. One is a young boy whose, quote, child's privileged position allowed him to see the machine gun's opening fire. It's worth noting that Garcia Marquez was six in 1928, the year the Banana Strike Massacre took place in his hometown.


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[Assistant] Pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath, sloth, jealousy, meanness, child abuse, pedophilia, incest, suicide, murder.


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[Assistant] Ethically. The story clearly associates too much remembering with a kind of living death. Like, consider Rebecca, the child bride and eater of whitewash and damp earth who may or may not have shot her husband in the head. After the funeral, Rebecca locked herself in her house and, quote, buried herself alive, covered with a thick


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remakes them and melts them again. This might be a peaceful thing to do, but...


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[Assistant] Pretty useless. So how then do we strike a productive balance between remembering and forgetting? Well, if the form of the novel is any indication, one possibility is to adopt a sort of speculative approach to history. This means combining the facts that we acquire from documentary sources with an understanding that springs from more creative works. And it also means including more voices in the quote-unquote true story of what quote-unquote happened. Knowing that 300 or 3000 people died in a massacre doesn't really mean anything.


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[Assistant] It is a story, to paraphrase William Faulkner, concerned not so much with the facts as with the truth. Lastly, I just want to turn to the consolations and risks of solitude. So reading 100 Years of Solitude is a solitary act.


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[Assistant] The most exciting thing about today, I'm actually cooking with flavours that I love and when you are cooking flavours that you love, you can balance it properly, you're not sort of just digging in the dark. Today I am making whole roast eggplant with a tahini dressing and a frika and parsley salad.


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[Assistant] I wanted to do a tribute to Smokey Robinson. And I was talking to Don Cornelius, but Don said, you need to talk to Clarence Ava. He gave me a number. I called Clarence and he answered the phone. Hello, who's this? I said, this is Danny Bakewell. I said, he said, well, who's that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he said, so I said, well, I'm the head of the Brotherhood Crusade. And, you know, he said, well,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are y'all saying? What's the name of your, what's your group? I said, we don't have a group. This is a civil rights organization and we want to talk to you. He said, I don't want to talk to no damn civil rights organization. I'm sick of these niggas. You know, and he hung up the phone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said, man, I told you I don't want to do no civil rights. Okay, I'm trying to make some money.


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[Assistant] I said, what I was doing was talking about self-help, you know, and mutual aid. We had to do something for ourselves. And you know, we have stuff standing on the sidelines asking white folks to do something for us that we could do for ourselves. I like that. That's what I'm all about.


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[Assistant] And as I began to know Clarence, I realized that he was a lone stranger in the world that he was operating in because he didn't dance, he didn't sing.


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[Assistant] You know, he was in the music business, but he was so much more than that.


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[Assistant] Because he connects all of these worlds and makes them his reality.


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[Assistant] He's in the music business, he's in the movie, he's in the entertainment business, but he's also in politics.


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[Assistant] Andy said, next thing he knows, he's driving down the street and there's a big billboard on the, on the street saying, concert coming for Andy Young and he's got all these artists coming. I mean, it was just, it was just magical.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell people exactly what they needed to hear. And if you were smart, you listened.


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[Assistant] You have to understand something. When you walk into this town, you are green.


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[Assistant] You have no concept, but you know the music business, but you don't know the business of music.


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[Assistant] Making your money is the creative side. Keeping your money is the clearance side.


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[Assistant] Well, I told them not to come. I made a reservation just for the two of us. I thought we could have a quiet evening all to ourselves.


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[Assistant] I know, I never had the guts to tell you, until today. So what do you say? Are you willing to give me a shot?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I made a reservation just for the two of us. I thought we could have a quiet evening all to ourselves.


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[Assistant] Jennifer, there's something I want to ask you.


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[Assistant] And I can't take it anymore. I know you better than anyone. I know the pros and cons of your personality. I even know what side of the bed is yours. I think we would be great together, don't you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know. I've never had the guts to tell you until today. So, what do you say? Are you willing to give me a shot?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I told them not to come. I made a reservation just for the two of us. I thought we could have a quiet evening all to ourselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know. I never had the guts to tell you. Until today. So what do you say? Are you willing to give me a shot?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's now learn about the very basics of CSS and make our webpage look a little bit nicer.


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[Assistant] So as you probably already know, we use CSS to style elements and to create a layout for the overall page. And we can write CSS right here in the HTML file using the style element.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. And that style element is not for visible content here on the page. And so it should go right here into the hat. Okay. Because remember the hat is basically like for settings of the page and the style definitely counts as a setting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, style. And now to style elements, we need to first select them.


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[Assistant] And there are different types of selectors in CSS, and we're going to learn about a couple of them in this video and the next one. But the most basic one is the element selector. And with the element selector, we can simply select all elements of a certain type. For example, the body.


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[Assistant] So we write body and then curly braces. And then in here we can write our CSS declarations. So each CSS declaration has a property name and then a value. For example, we can style the background color.


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[Assistant] So, background color, and let me actually autocomplete it here. So background color is the property, and then let's say,


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[Assistant] So in CSS, there are a couple of predefined color names, and we can then use these. Give it a save, and bam, our page is green now. So that's CSS for you. So we have the body element selector.


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[Assistant] Then all of this here is our declaration block. And this here is a simple declaration where backgroundColor is the property and green is the specified value.


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[Assistant] Now usually we write our CSS in an external CSS file. So just like we write JavaScript in an external script, we do the same basically with CSS. So let's create that separate CSS file.


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[Assistant] And now we need to connect these two. So again, just like we had to connect the JavaScript file to the HTML, we also have to select the CSS. But it works a bit differently.


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[Assistant] So let's get, or actually let's copy this here, or cut it here. So when I save it now, of course it's gone, okay, and that's because the style file is not yet linked to the HTML.


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[Assistant] We link it by using the link element. So that's not very creative.


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[Assistant] So here we use href again, which remember is the same attribute as in the anchor element here.


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[Assistant] Okay, but don't confuse Anchor with Link. So Link does not create a clickable link, so like this. Instead, we use it only to basically link CSS files to HTML files.


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[Assistant] So here we say style.css because that's the name that we gave to the file. Okay. And then we also need to specify the rel attribute and set it to stylesheet.


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[Assistant] Give it a save and here we go. The green color is back. Okay. And so now we can write all our styles in this separate, uh, file here. And so we separated the presentation from the content.


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[Assistant] And we should probably give it a little bit, a little bit a nicer color. And in VS Code, when you hover a color like this, you see this pop-up, which then allows you to select a color. And this is very handy.


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[Assistant] So let's do this and then maybe just very subtle color like this. Alright, this looks a lot better already.


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[Assistant] Okay, so let's now, uh, explore some more CSS properties. For example, we can set the font family.


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[Assistant] And here we can start by setting it to a font that you probably have on your computer. And so Arial is probably one that you have. Now in practice, we use web fonts, for example, from a service like Google Fonts. Okay. But in this case, it doesn't really matter. So let's just give it a save.


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[Assistant] And so you now saw this font here changing and on your system that should work too. And if you don't have Arial, then just, well, then just use some other fonts that you have available.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But now you might ask, we set the font family on the body, right? So why did all these elements, like this H1 here and this P element and this H2 element, why did all of them get the area of font as well?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's because the font family property is a property that gets inherited. Okay? So all the child elements of the body element will automatically get this font family assigned to them.


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[Assistant] And that makes it very handy so that we don't have to go ahead and set a font family separately on all these elements. So just setting this on the body will then set it on all the child elements.


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[Assistant] Now most properties do actually not inherit. But generally all the properties that are related to fonts will inherit. So let's check out another one.


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[Assistant] Font size, and let's set it to 20 pixels.


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[Assistant] However, uh, not all the elements have a font size of 20 pixels now. And that's because the elements like this h1 and this h2 have predefined font sizes that automatically are applied from the browser if we do not specify them on our own.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, but of course we can override them with our own selectors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's say h1, and so this is another element selector, and in this case of course it selects the h1 element.


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[Assistant] Let's make it a little bit smaller, maybe 40. Yeah, that looks about right. Alright, and now let's actually use the class names and the IDs that we set in the previous lecture to now select elements based on these classes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember that here we set this paragraph to first and this one to second. So we basically named them like this. And in fact, let's go ahead and add another class here to this other paragraph. So class. And I will call this one first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. So remember IDs have to be unique, so we can only use them once, but classes can be used multiple times. And so that's what we did here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now I can go ahead and select all the elements which have the first class, so this paragraph and this paragraph, and then style them however I want. And this will then only affect these two paragraphs, but not this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, because this one has the second class. So let me show that to you.


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[Assistant] And so the class selector is using the dot. So dot first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so this is our selector. Dot is for the class, and then first is the class name. And so we set the text color.


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[Assistant] Using the color property. And let's set it to red.


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[Assistant] Give it a save. And what do you think will happen now?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. This paragraph and this one, which are the two paragraphs which have the first class, are now red. But this other paragraph is of course not red, because we didn't select it here. Okay? And so this CSS rule here does not apply to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's check that out. And so here we have this your name ID, right? So we already know how to select based on the class name. And so let's now learn how to select based on ID.


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[Assistant] And it's very similar, but instead of the dot, we use the hash. So hash, your name, I think that was the, the ID, right? Yes, your name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I will again use this trick where I can now set the color, uh, using this popup window. So that's a trick I like to use.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, that looks nice. And we will make it even nicer in the next lecture after we learn about the box model, but for now this looks good already. So another one that we can use here is the border property.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the border property is a so-called shorthand property. Because here we can set multiple values for just one property. So for the border we can set the width, so basically the thickness of the border. So let's say 5 pixels. Then we can set the style of the border.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's make it solid, but we could also make it dotted or dashed, but that would look a little bit like weird. And then the color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So until now we have always used CSS color names or this RGB format, like this, but of course CSS also accepts RGB colors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for that we use the hash and then let's use 444 as this dark grey. So you see this is a dark grey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we can of course ch-change it again using, uh, this popup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But let's leave it here with the RGB code, give it a save, and here you see this nice border around the form. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, this border is a shorthand property, because it allows us to specify multiple values here, like this. You can also notice that this property is not inherited, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So unlike the font family or the font size. Because if it was inherited, then now all these child elements here would have a 5 pixel border around them as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this one and this one, but they do not. And, well, in this case it wouldn't make sense. And so that's why border is not inherited.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and this should be enough for one lecture. In the next one, we will learn about the box model so that we can then add some spacing here. For example, some spacing here inside of this box to give it some space here and also some space between these elements. So stay tuned for that and see you in the next lecture.


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[Assistant] Clarence put together a tribute to Muhammad Ali. And it got ABC to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And banged on their desk or did whatever he had to do for me to get a call from my agency. Guess what man? They want you to direct an ABC special. I said, no kidding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome back. So let's now put the debugging process actually into practice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're gonna start really small and just fix a very simple bug using the console.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's suppose that in our smart thermometer that we were working on before, we need to do some measurements in a unit called Kelvin, which is the absolute temperature.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the conversion to Kelvin is pretty easy. So all we have to do is to add 273 to the temperature in degrees Celsius.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's very quickly, uh, create a function which will perform this measurement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is of course all completely fictional.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this function will actually take no arguments at all, because we will get the measurement from a command prompt. So we will basically pretend that the command prompt is like the thermometer sensor. And now let's actually create an object here. So an object for the measurement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we haven't used objects in some time, so let's remember that. And let's just set some arbitrary properties here. So the type of measurement is going to be temperature, and the unit will be in Celsius.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So basically we will measure temperature in Celsius and then we return a converted version. And in there somewhere will be a bug. And now finally the value of this measurement will come, as I just mentioned, from a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So as I said, all we need to do is to take the measurement in degrees Celsius and add 273. So that means measurement.value, so this property here, where that value in degrees Celsius will be stored,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now we can return converted value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then let's run the function and immediately log the result, uh, to the console.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's measure Kelvin. And now I will give it a save. And it will then ask me for the temperature. So let's say it's 10 degrees Celsius. And so now let's wait for the result in Kelvin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that is not what we expected. We wanted 283, but not this number. So there's gotta be a bug somewhere. And so let's find it. And by the way, the first stage of the process was already this one. So A was to identify the bug.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember? And now we're going to stage B, or stage 2, which is to find the bug.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so since the bug appears in the converted value, which is this one, and this one is derived from this measurement value, let's start by inspecting that measurement value in the console to see if something is wrong there. So console.log measurement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] .value. Give it a save. And of course now we need to input it again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so it looks okay actually, right? So it is 10, so that's exactly what we inputted. So it looks kind of normal. I just want to show something now to you, which is that we actually do have things beside console.log.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And console.error. And with this we can basically generate warnings and errors in the console. So 10 again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you see that now this first one looks like a warning and the second one actually looks like an error.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's just a matter of formatting. But it's still interesting, I think. But let's take them out. And so, uh, yeaah. Right now it looks like everything is correct. So let's dig a little bit deeper and take a look at the entire object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And actually, if it was myself, I would have done that immediately, but I want to show you the complete thought process here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So anyway, let's say measurement. So that's the entire object and not just the value. Let's turn off this one as well. Give it a save. 10.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, let's open up. And now we actually see the problem. You see, the value is a string. And that's because, as I told you in the last lecture,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The prompt function here always returns a string. No matter what we input into that prompt window, it will always just be a string.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that's why, uh, we get this end result here, because as you remember, the plus operator, when it sees a string, it will convert both operands to a string and then concatenate the strings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, just as another curiosity here, there is also another way of showing objects in a console, which is really handy sometimes. So, measurement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, again 10. And so console.table gives us this nicely formatted table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And for, especially for bigger objects, that can be quite helpful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's actually leave that here, so that you can see it. So with this, we completed the second phase, and that was to find


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bug. And now all we need to do is to fix the bug. So we need to do that right here where it actually occurs. Yeah. So up here. So let's see. C, fix. And so the solution to this is to convert this string that is returned to a number. So let's use the number function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we already learned about this one in the last section. And so now we actually expect this to work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And indeed, now we get 283, which is exactly what we were looking for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. So this was a very simple example of just using the console in order to hunt down a bug and then fix it. But now let's take it to the next level and learn how to use a debugger in Google Chrome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let me quickly show that to you with this current function. And for that, we actually need to make this a little bit bigger. And now we go here into sources. So for the first time, we're using the sources tab and then click here on script.js, which is our current script.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, then as we move down, we have our code here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now here in the debugger, which is basically these two panels here, we can set something called breakpoints. So let's put a breakpoint here in this line of code. So here, and we set a breakpoint by clicking here in this left bar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this will set this red point, which means that there is a break point. And now when we reload the page, then the execution will stop exactly at this point. So basically execution will freeze in time and show us exactly what the execution looks like at that moment in time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that includes all the values of all the defined variables. So let's do that. Let's reload.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so you see, now we are in this function. And now I can click this button here to resume the script execution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it will then start going over all these lines. But now it can only continue if I input a value here. So that's coming from this prompt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, I put 10 here, hit enter, then it does all of these lines here, and finally, we reach the line where I set the breakpoint. And so that's this one here marked in green now. And again, at this point, we can then see all the variables.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Kelvin is still undefined, because the computation has not yet been done, but we can take a look at measurement here.