[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I recognized him. And I didn't want to recognize him. I really didn't want to see that face.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The man who'd attacked me, I thought it would be someone else that I'd never seen before. And to my shock, I recognized him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She lived, but not unfortunately, to tell the tale. Brain damage destroyed her memory cells. She can tell the police nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Helen Ridker is the seventh victim to lose her life at the hands of the Ripper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aren't noted for their cooperation with the old enemy, the police.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And their clients have obvious reasons for being shy and coming forward


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm making double fried Korean chicken and serve it with a sweet chilli sauce. The beauty in the double fry method is that you're gonna get this nice crackling crunch in the batter and the skin of the chicken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I think it's possible, but they have to know a lot about psychiatry and they have to know a lot about the kinds of disorders that, uh, psychiatrists deal with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In almost any other circumstance, you would accept that the probability was that the doctors got it right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Home Secretary has told MPs that the West Yorkshire Police made major errors of judgement during their investigation into the Yorkshire Ripper case. Mr. Whiteclaw said that if the errors hadn't occurred, there would have been those who were subsequently killed who would not have been.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave and Ava. Deck the Halls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave and Ava. We wish you a Merry Christmas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I panicked when I first got into the kitchen yesterday. I'm feeling much better today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have given up a lot to be in the competition. So therefore today I will fight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mom's recipe, which is our traditional Hakka dishes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My food dream is to introduce Hakka cuisine into the Australian community. I'm determined to get where I want to go and never give up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being in the third bench, I can see how Michelle and Shamira are doing. And I know I'm a little bit behind. So I've gotta go twice the speed. 45 times. And five times, okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ice cream is no problem for me, and I'm trying to keep up with the other two in front of me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The judges watching you, the people yelling and the clock ticking, it really put pressure on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My concern is the apple may not be as cooked as I want it to be, but I have to make sure to give it sufficient time for it to bake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Making custard is very similar to making ice cream, except it doesn't go into the churner, so I know I'm gonna nail it. I caught up, I caught up!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It smells beautiful from where I am. I hope it'll taste close or as close to what it should be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'm very proud I finished making the tart on time. Good afternoon. Good afternoon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My concern is the apple may not be as cooked as I want it to be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It smells beautiful, so I'm hoping that the taste is good enough to let me stay in the competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All that, uh, pressure and what have you got me all excited. I'm not a baker at home. I usually cook, uh, home cooked meals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I am. I'm very proud of my Hakka heritage because there's not many Hakka dishes or restaurants in Australia and not many people know about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My long term goal is to promote the Yihaka dishes, which is more home cooking, and also to keep the traditional life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I say congratulations to Mira and Michelle, keep fighting on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Decorative or to engage the reader more or does it have kind of a central purpose that enhances or forwards or complicates, right? Sometimes it can work against an argument too. So what is the purpose of the image within a particular text?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You also want to make choices as a writer or notice the choices others have made as a reader with, uhm, the how much description is in the text about the image. So does the image just kind of stand alone or does the author describe what the image has in it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you see the image? Is it on the left side, the right side? Is it central? Does it overlap with words? Uhm, just where, where in the text does the image occur?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As an example, I thought we would look at Colvin's placement of one of his images in the article that we are reading. There's another image underneath this, as you recall, but anyways, this first image is sort of near the top of his argument, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could probably get the gist of Colvin's argument by only looking at this image and then the subsequent image too. So for him I think it's an alternative way of, of reaching out to a variety of readers to make sure that his argument is getting, is getting heard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a child, which is showing that he never stopped trying to improve, even as a three year old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It looks like he's choosing to work on the golf even though he's not at a very posh golf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Course, right, this isn't like golf camp that he went to, but this looks like, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Any space he could find to practice golf, he's practicing golf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then of course he's got this very concentrated expression on his face. He's doing follow through. He cares where the ball is going. He's focusing on it. He's thinking about it. He's already working on his form. So these are all in support of the idea that to become a great


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Against the grain of what Coleman is using it for, and that's how images really, and all arguments are, you can...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Read it in different ways, but anyways, you could also say to yourself, well, but


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know some three year olds and they don't spend their time practicing golf. So why is he practicing golf, right? Is it because he has some natural kind of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go out and practice for half an hour before you do something else. So we don't know what the circumstances are and you could, you could read against the grain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But anyways, I think Colvin is trying to use this as a way of forwarding his argument.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And today, with Erica, we are getting married.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're not, but our actors in the podcast are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Learning this vocabulary will definitely help you understand or learn a lot more about Anglo culture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. Our first word on the language takeaway today is, it's about time. It's about time. It's about time. It's about time. So now we are going to listen to some examples on how we use this great phrase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll. I'll. It's a tricky word. It sounds like the contraction of I will. Yea, but it's spelled so strangely. Right. We don't pronounce the S. The S is silent. That's true. I'll.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what is an aisle? In a big room where you have a lot of chairs, that space in the middle that allows people to walk through, that's the aisle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, in the church, the bride and groom walked on the aisle. Exactly. Let's move to our third word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, okay. Okay, so we have our bridesmaids, now we have our flower girl. Flower girl. Flower girl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the flower girl. And with the flower girl we have our ring bearer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so a lot of useful vocabulary for a wedding ceremony.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now let's look at our last word. gorgeous. gorgeous. gorgeous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, you can say, oh, that girl is gorgeous. That guy is gorgeous. Right? Or you can say even, this house is gorgeous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now in this dialogue we have a word that many students often make mistakes on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we are going to listen now to some common mistakes on how English learners use this word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great, so we can see that when we use the word marry, we say to get married.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes. Get married. I will get married. We got married. Right. So now you know exactly how to use this word. We are ready to listen to our dialogue again for a third time, and this time it's gonna be at a normal speed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well, I'm gonna be honest with you. I don't know too much about marriages because first of all, I'm not married and I've never really been to many marriages. So, Erica, some questions for you. Okay. What are these bridesmaids do? I mean, what are they, what are they about? What do the bridesmaids do? Yeah, what are they, what are they doing there?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, but wait a minute, they signed the marriage license there in the church?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, that's strange. Because, from what I know, in other countries, usually you will sign the marriage license before the ceremony.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well yeaah, I mean, the church wedding is just a ceremony, it's not really anything official.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, because there's so many countries that have different marriage ceremonies. I know that marriages in India last around seven days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, so please go to our website at EnglishPod.com and tell us how you get married in your countries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, on today's language takeaway, we have five words for you today. Five really important and useful words that we found in our dialogue. So let's take a look at the first one. Step on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what does it mean when I tell you to step on it? Drive faster. Drive faster, right? Step on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes. Speed up. That's exactly it. Our second word, speed up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also means go faster. Go faster. And what about the opposites?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, great example, so Erika, why don't you tell me, what does it mean when you have a fit?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ears. Okay, that's having a fit. Exactly. Excellent. Okay, let's take a look at our next word now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you cut through something, it means you just go through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quickly, so I can say, let's cut through the park.


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[Assistant] And this takes us to our last word for today, shortcut. Shortcut.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a really common word and not many people know about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it means to take a shorter way somewhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so going back just a little bit to cut through. If I cut through the park, that's basically a shortcut.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now it's time to listen to our dialogue again, but this time it's gonna be slower, so then we can understand all these words that we just talked about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so today I'm putting it together. We have three phrases for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so all of these phrases we heard in the dialogue, why don't we start with the first one? Make a. Make a.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, in the dialogue they say, make a left here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That would be the equivalent of saying turn left. Or turn right. Turn right. And there's one more. Make a U-turn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're ever in a taxi and you're telling the taxi driver where to go, this is the perfect way. Make a left here, make a right there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's listen to some examples of, are you nuts?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, so if you're in a taxi, this is a great way to suggest a route.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, or, let's take the highway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so now let's take a listen to this dialogue a third time at its normal speed, and now you can understand everything that's in this dialogue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I, well, my car I got when I was like maybe 19.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so now you have all the tools necessary to give directions the next time you're in a car or in a taxi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only five will be safe. Cheers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're going to have a total of three minutes to taste the dish and to write down as many ingredients as you possibly can. Only the five contestants that get the most right will be safe. The bottom five will find themselves in round two. You may lift your cloches now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sugar? Yep, definitely got that. Shh. Nobody got this one. Tonka bean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can't, don't run out of time then. I promise I won't. Good luck. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, cracking dish by, you know, a really good cook. Let's get the next dish in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You need to have stuff in your culinary arsenal, um, that you can pull out and that is not just practice once, practice fifty times so you can execute it when you're under pressure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is, this is alright. This flavour of vanilla, that caramel's nice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What we've got here is a really insipid jelly that doesn't really taste of strawberry, it's not intense. And the rest of the bits on the plate, they're like, but that ice cream is yum. It bamboozled me, Matt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no question about it, you're the real deal. You came in knowing exactly who you are and we love that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you walk out those doors, it's only the beginning and it's going to be a beginning of something really wonderful, I'm sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, uh, Ben, Huda, Samira. Alright, come on guys, get in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Matt's waiting for you guys outside with something special. Off you go. Thank you. Bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before you take off, any parting words, any bits of advice you'd like to leave them with?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Knowing Maggie, it just can't be an apple tart tart tan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The more you agitate that dough, the more tough it becomes. That's it. Just be really gentle and careful. Looking good. Alright. So you're feeling confident?


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[Assistant] You've already had 20 minutes. Plenty of time, but don't let it slip away. Come on!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good, Samira. With rough path, you have to keep chilling it, rolling it, and chilling it again, rolling it to get the layers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi Maggie, I'm good. The dough is in the fridge. How many turns have you done? Five turns so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've had one hour, you've got an hour and a half left. You've gotta move quicker, but still be in control. Yes. Come on guys!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You need to have your tarts turned out in the next two minutes. Come on! Let's go!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Samira, thank you so much. But it's now time to taste. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I think the thing is you could take that piece of tart and eat it on its own without the ice cream or the cream. I know boys, I know. Calm down big fella. I don't know if you could, do you want to?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yum, it's got the right balance of acidity, sweetness, you know, caramelisation, um, it's fantastic. That, a pot of tea, you're in heaven. You are right. Well, that was brilliant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What were you holding on to as you were going through what was a tough challenge?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I look at this and I'm slightly concerned about the apples. But it comes down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meta, Michelle, comes down to the two of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Michelle, you took your caramel too far, I think you know that. It was bitter, but when you ate it with the custard and the ice cream, it all came together. Meta.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your ice cream was delicious and the custard fantastic, but your apples were undercooked and crunchy and the pastry was raw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And unfortunately, that's why you're going home. I understand. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This episode is brought to you by the annual letter from Bill and Melinda Gates. You can find it at GatesLetter.com. This year's theme is on COVID-19, and presents ideas for how we could better prepare for future pandemics. Also, this episode was filmed on January 26, 2021. For our latest COVID-19 coverage, you can check the playlist linked in the description.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fatality rates have been dropping in dozens of countries around the world. And at this point, there are a lot of unanswered questions about why and if the numbers might start to climb again soon. But there are reasons to think they might not, and that this decline is actually a reminder that everyone's hard work


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The case fatality ratio and the infection fatality rate. The case fatality ratio is the number of people


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've been tracking this number almost since the very beginning of the pandemic because it's pretty easy to track. It's based on diagnoses. Meanwhile, the infection fatality rate is much harder to monitor. This is the number of confirmed deaths.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] divided by the total number of infected people, whether or not they got sick and got an official diagnosis. And this number is based on antibody tests done on a representative sample of a population.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tests that show someone's immune system has encountered and responded to the virus. Population-wide antibody studies aren't available for every country yet, so as we get more data, researchers will probably find out that more people were infected with this virus than we thought. So the infection fatality rate will continue to drop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Death is not the only reason we're seeing fewer COVID-19 deaths. Another reason is that we're just learning how to treat patients better. For example, some COVID patients can have low blood oxygen levels. In other respiratory diseases, that might mean the patient should go on a ventilator, so in the beginning of the pandemic, that's often what physicians did. And ventilators are life-saving technology, but just like every serious medical procedure, there are risks associated with ventilator use, including infection. And in the last year,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've learned that when it comes to COVID-19, ventilators aren't always needed as early as we thought, even for patients with low oxygen levels. We're still learning exactly why this illness may be different, but it seems that some patients that would normally be put on a ventilator do


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the back part of the lungs can expand more fully and help them get more oxygen. And the relationship between COVID and ventilators isn't the only thing we've come to understand better. We also have some other generally agreed-upon treatments, or


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Standards of care tell physicians and nurses what the best ways to treat someone with a specific disease are. And they also make sure that the same good treatment is used everywhere possible. At the beginning of the pandemic, we didn't know much about COVID-19, so we tried all kinds of treatments. But now we know there are some things to give to patients that are really useful, and others that should be avoided. Like, doctors can give COVID patients a corticosteroid, like dexamethasone. Steroids like this suppress our immune system, which might sound like the opposite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By as much as a third, at least in patients who required oxygen therapy or ventilation. We also know that the broad-spectrum antiviral drug remdesivir can reduce how long someone is hospitalized before going home, and that can help prevent hospital overcrowding, which means more patients can receive care. On the flip side, trials and testing have also shown us that some drugs we thought would work


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, some researchers also hypothesized that public health measures like social distancing and face protection, like masks, may be helping lower fatality rates by limiting the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The idea is that if someone is exposed to a high dose of the virus, it's easier for it to overrun their immune system and start doing serious, potentially deadly damage. So if someone can limit the amount of virus they're exposed to by following public health guidelines, it's harder for the virus to get a foothold and cause a fatal case of COVID-19. We already know that this is probably true for other respiratory illnesses like the flu. But because there hasn't been any research into how much of a role this actually plays


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the end, the chances are good that it's not just one thing causing the infection fatality rate to drop. It's a little bit of everything, from increased antibody testing to improved medical care to just knowing more about the disease and how to treat and avoid it. Now, there's a long way to go, and this isn't to say that the current daily death rate is okay. But this is a reminder that in pandemics, these incremental bits of knowledge do add up over time. And as the old saying goes, knowing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's half the battle. 2020 was filled with incredible hardships and changes to daily life that affected all of us. So in many ways, it's encouraging to see things like vaccines being distributed and standards of care being established. We're also learning a lot that could prepare us for the next pandemic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like what we need to monitor outbreaks, and how to develop treatments faster. If you'd like to reflect on the last year and lessons we've learned through COVID-19 that will help us prepare for the future,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bill and Melinda Gates just released their annual letter. It looks back on the biggest public health response the world


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ...has ever seen, and expresses hope that the experiences of the last year can lead to long-term change and better prepare us for the next potential pandemic. You can find it at GatesLetter.com. There are specific recommendations on how we can apply the lessons of COVID-19 and what we'll need so any future pandemics don't take us off guard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like investing in research or creating a global alert system for disease outbreaks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've decided on a menu of mushrooms with sourdough and a poached egg, smoked salmon on brioche bun, Thai watermelon pork, lab salad, and panna cotta with granola.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've got a few fancy items on the menu today, but this is a dish that suits a real classic Aussie brunch. I just hope it's enough to impress the judges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't believe that Tim's doing a bomba laska. I mean, if you had unlimited time, this is a really difficult dish to do. He's got to do this in 75 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Samira seems to have a lot of elements there. She has to work out which one she's going to play up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today's challenge is to cook a dish that made you fall in love with food. My mind goes everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the first dish I learnt how to cook to my fondest memory from childhood of food. And I'm pretty torn which one to go with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I decide to go with my fondest memory from childhood of food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dad used to take me to a bakery every morning and I just remember just love going into this bakery. It felt like wonderland, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm incorporating matcha into the cake today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The matcha mixture of my cheese sponge cake is perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I'm folding through my meringue, I need to make sure that I'm really gentle with it. But I've overworked my meringue. It's too stiff now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. I need to get these meringue chunks out of my batter, but I'm running out of time. Jenny, come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without the structure to hold the cake up, it can collapse over the side of the tin, which means I have like a mushroom cake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the batter mix is too stiff now because I've overworked my meringue. I'm hoping that it doesn't send me home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't leave the matcha cheese sponge cake in the oven. I haven't got a minute to spit. I'm really hoping for a miracle that it's not dense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I overworked my meringue. The cake is a bit dense down the bottom, but I just have to go with it now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A matcha cheese sponge cake with a chantilly cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I was young, like, I think I was around three to five years old. My dad used to drop us off at daycare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if I've done enough in all honesty. I hope I have. Uh, my cake's a bit dense down the bottom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I am a perfectionist, so I get frustrated at myself cause I lose clarity in the kitchen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I really love about these contestants and what they've given us so far in terms of food is a really well balanced palette.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And on top of that, just enough push to go wild enough to make you think, oh well this is a bit different and I love this. Really, I would say, solid talent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have to say, I love all pancakes. I love eating pancakes in whatever country I go to because pancakes do allow for an awful lot of variation and most cultures have a form of pancake. I don't know that I've ever met a pancake I don't like. I'm excited.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wouldn't think you could do do so in that amount of time, but it's got the sourness. And you say the salmina's giving it crispness too. It's really brilliant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I think maybe putting orange juice on top took away the crunch of the brulee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His food makes me smile and I really look forward to trying it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really worried about Khan because his biscuit was really burnt. I don't think he can present it to the judges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Brilliant.org slash SciShow to learn how you can take your STEM skills to the next level this year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Leaping from the water to catch swallows in mid-flight in a lake in South Africa. Which isn't something Fisher generally adapted to do, but the researchers documented two different tactics they used


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other times, they just chased along after a bird from just under the water's surface before leaping out after it. And the chasing method was the less successful of the two. The researchers believe that's because the fish had to compensate for the way their view of the birds was distorted by the water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And some were better at it than others. When light passes from air into water, it gets bent, or refracted.


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[Assistant] You know what bird-hunting fish have to contend with. The researchers observed that the fish who couldn't compensate went for the less successful surface-pursuit strategy. But the fish that were better at taking refraction into account and adjusting their aim accordingly were able to use the more successful lunging-from-the-deep tactic. And we're not just talking about an occasional snack.


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[Assistant] Effective though they are, tigerfish aren't evolved to be natural predators of swallows.


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[Assistant] It doesn't have a lot of those prey fish living in it. In fact, these particular tigerfish have to spend as much as three times as much time foraging for food as their cousins in other habitats. So supplementing their diet with passing birds might be one way they're adapting to this situation. But it has its downsides, too.


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[Assistant] The researchers who did the study think that leaping into the air after swallows could be exposing the tigerfish to predation by other birds, like eagles. They're hoping that other scientists will continue to study this unique ecological interaction to make sure it isn't putting either the tigerfish population


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[Assistant] Or the swallow population at risk. But either way, it sounds like small birds in South Africa should probably be keeping an extra close eye out whenever they have to fly over water. Now, it turns out these fish had to solve a physics problem.


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[Assistant] Figuring out how the bending of light was making it harder to target their prey. Maybe they should have signed up for Brilliant's Waves and Light course. They would have learned all about how light and other kinds of waves travel, and maybe snagged a meal a little easier. All of Brilliant's courses have storytelling, code-writing, and interactive problems. You can go to Brilliant.org slash SciShow to learn more, and score 20% off an annual premium subscription.


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[Assistant] The Wind in the Willows Episode 67 Toad Gets Revenge


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[Assistant] Did you say you're a toad? She asked. She stepped closer. You are a toad! She screamed. Toad backed away from her. I don't like toads at all! She yelled. She grabbed him by the leg. Stop! Let go of me! Cried Toad.


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[Assistant] This dress is heavy, but I can still run, said Toad. He ran along the path beside the canal.


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[Assistant] Up I go, yelled Toad as he jumped on the horse.


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[Assistant] The police caught you, said Rat. Everyone here heard the news. All the river bankers were on your side. Toad smiled proudly. But the weasels called you a thief, said Rat. The ferrets said you would go to jail. They said you would never come back.


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[Assistant] Mole and Badger moved into Toad Hall, said Rat. They knew you would come home. They watched your house for you.


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[Assistant] The wild wooders came with guns.


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[Assistant] And we are walking up to the MCG. Oh my god.


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[Assistant] First up Gordon, your mystery box, your set of ingredients that you picked, what would you do?


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[Assistant] Knowing the fact that Gordon's mentioned the lamb rack, you know, that person that goes the scallop way, but blows, now mine can stand up and go, hello, look at me, uhm, but overcooked scallops, disaster.


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[Assistant] Guys, let's lift it, yeah? Gordon's in the house, come on. Yes? Yes! Come on, let's go!


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[Assistant] And don't forget the side. Four sides. It's up to you. But at least one that will complement your burger.


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[Assistant] Guys, ten more minutes, that's all you got. Ten more minutes, yes? Come on, let's move it!


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[Assistant] I'm going to echo that because it's delicious and it holds really well. And for me, I'm focusing on this and this only because that is cracking. And more importantly, because it is MasterChef, it ain't Open a Packet Chef, you made your own bread. So well done. Well done. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Right, let's start with the good news. If I call out your name, please step forward. You're in this week's immunity challenge.


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[Assistant] Congratulations, you're joining SASHI in this week's immunity challenge. Go joining.


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[Assistant] All the grains that we have chosen are very high in protein, so definitely good after a big workout.


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[Assistant] The barley has been overcooked in the oven. That's the protein on our dessert plate.


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[Assistant] If the dessert goes out with no crumb, we're missing the nutrition brief.


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[Assistant] There's bound to be one that is perfect enough to hold the big grains and let all the small quinoa falls right.


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[Assistant] We know that the flavors are good, but I think when a dessert has too many elements on it, it just, the idea and vision just gets lost. And it looked pretty messy.


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[Assistant] Uh, there's, in finance, some people use VAR for value at risk. Uh, and this term is relatively new. It didn't appear until after the stock market crash of 1987.


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[Assistant] And so, uh, it's a measure used by some finance people, uh, to


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[Assistant] Uh, one percent, one year value at risk.


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[Assistant] Of 10 million. It means that there's a 1% chance that the portfolio will lose 10 million in one year. And then there's another measure of risk that's become popular in recent years, especially after the financial crisis of 2007 through 9. And that's called a stress test.


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[Assistant] Now the term stress test goes back to the 1960s or so, uh, and it refers to something that your doctor would order if he was worried about your heart. And he would have you get on a treadmill in a medical facility and run, and they have an electrocardiogram hooked up to you, and they check out your heart while you're under stress, the stress of running. Uh, but now the term has moved into finance.


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[Assistant] Before the 2008 crisis. Didn't work. Those two firms both failed. Uh, but they were trying anyway. So a stress test reflects the idea, it's less, uh, it's not a basic statistical concept, it's a measure.


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[Assistant] Uh, it's a method of assessing, uh, risks to


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[Assistant] Uh, normal variation. And this is something I'm going to come back to later in this lecture.


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[Assistant] That, uh, there are extreme events occur and so the stress test, uh, is a, is a test usually ordered by a government to see how some firm will stand up to a financial crisis.


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[Assistant] Uh, so the Dodd-Frank Act in the United States of 2010 requires the Federal Reserve to do annual stress tests for non-bank financial institutions it supervises. They were, I think they were already doing them for banks.


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[Assistant] And they want it to be at least three different economic scenarios that the Fed would present. So what they would do is they would


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[Assistant] Uh, or what would happen if there's a short-term liquidity crisis where suddenly, uh, ability to borrow money at the short-term dries up?


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[Assistant] So the Dodd-Frank Act didn't specify what the three different scenarios were, but they, uh, they did say that there should be at least three. So this is a different story. This is scenario analysis. Uh, it's not something that we're going to emphasize in this course because it's, uh,


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[Assistant] Because it's, uh, more institutional details that get into the calculation. The European Banking Authority, which was created in 2011 after the financial crisis, has also instituted regular stress tests for European banks.


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[Assistant] Uh, the United Kingdom, China, and other countries all do stress tests now.


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[Assistant] You can't, these guys who are trying to predict what will happen to these companies in a financial crisis, they just don't have the imagination.


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[Assistant] And understanding of how things work out in a panic, in a financial panic. And she thinks that they are just way underestimated. Generally the stress tests come out saying it's okay. Don't worry.


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[Assistant] Uhm, it does remind me, I was on a stage with, uhm,


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[Assistant] The chief economist of, uh, Freddie Mac here at Yale, uh, we had a, uh, it was around 2005 and, uh, he was boasting about their stress tests. Uh, and he said that, so I asked him, what about, what if there's a real estate crisis and home prices fall a lot? Cause they were, they're, they're, they're a company that guarantees mortgages.


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[Assistant] And so he said, well, we have figured out, uh, what would happen to our portfolio.


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[Assistant] We've never seen home price drops. Not, not since the Great Depression. You're not talking about another depression, are you?


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[Assistant] So we're still friends. I still need a vacation. But the problem is that home prices fell 30%.


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[Assistant] Right after that meeting, or within a couple of years. And, and these two companies, Fannie and Freddie, that were considered safe.


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[Assistant] Well, actually, if you read the Ofeo reports, uh, on the stress test back then, they'll say, uh, there is some concern still, you know, they're hedging, but basically they said don't worry.


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[Assistant] Uh, and then, so that was the end of Ofeo. The government shut it down.


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[Assistant] So the question is whether we can do it this time. So Anant Admati doubts that we can do it this time. She thinks there are bigger worries. The stress tests are all coming out as no problem, but she's not so sure.


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[Assistant] If I were CEO of a firm, I imagine I would ask for a stress test. In doing it internally. But you don't want to public, what if it comes out bad?


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[Assistant] See, the problem is that if you ever release that information, then all of your other companies that might do business with you are worried about that. And so, uh, they wouldn't want to do business with you. So it's like your reputation is at stake. So if the government demands that you reveal information for a stress test,


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[Assistant] You have every incentive to try to whitewash it.


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[Assistant] So the question is whether the regulators have enough incentive to demand and push. The Dodd-Frank Act gave regulators, the Office of Financial Research, subpoena power. So they can go in there and demand information from firms.


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[Assistant] But it's hard to get it, I think. In the real world, it's a battle. They don't want to tell you.


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[Assistant] I have the best business in the country. The richest people bring me their clothes.


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[Assistant] Let me steer for you, said Toad. You must be tired of steering. Then you can do the washing.


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[Assistant] Hmm, sounds like you might be far-sided. Okay then, cover your left eye and read the chart in front of you.


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[Assistant] Head over to the other room and pick out some frames while I fill out your prescription. Thanks, Doc!


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[Assistant] Okay then, cover your left eye and read the chart in front of you.


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[Assistant] Wow. Arthur, you're as blind as a bat.


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[Assistant] Okay then, head on over to the other room and pick out some frames while I fill out your prescription. Thanks, Doc. Arthur, that's the bathroom.


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[Assistant] I've always had 20-20 vision. Hmm, sounds like you might be farsighted. Okay then, cover your left eye and read the chart in front of you.


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[Assistant] Head over to the other room and pick out some frames while I fill out your prescription. Thanks, Doc!


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[Assistant] The wind in the willows. Episode 71. In the mud.


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[Assistant] Toad fought with the raccoon in the speeding car.


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[Assistant] The car crashed through a row of bushes.


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[Assistant] Toad hopped up and ran He climbed over fences He jumped across ditches He crawled through bushes


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[Assistant] Toad ran and ran until he was far away.


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[Assistant] I think it's going to be quite the challenge and I'm looking forward to being put to the test.


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[Assistant] I'm going to do a potato millfoy. It's a puff pastry, custard, layered up. I'm going to use the potato as the cream and the potato crisp as the pastry. I'm competing against Samira and I'm really hoping that the judges get where I'm coming from with this dish.


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[Assistant] I'm thinking I need something sweet, something textural, but really high acid. And I'm looking at the vegetable table.


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[Assistant] To make the ginger granita, I've got the whole piece of ginger, skin and everything. A lot of heat is in the skin. I pop it into the juicer.


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[Assistant] I've got to block that out and I've just got to get the food on the plate. It's a ballpark idea. I just don't know if this is going to throw the judges or if they're going to be on board with a potato dessert.


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[Assistant] Potato dessert with the rosemary and ginger granita.


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[Assistant] I was flying by the seat of my pants and it pays off, just shows you take the risk. I'm a little bit bummed for Samira, but I'm stoked that the dish was received really well.


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[Assistant] Today just feels like the cherry on top of the cake. This is just a dream come true.


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[Assistant] By the first Australian chef ever to hold three Michelin stars.


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[Assistant] He didn't start at the bottom like most chefs did. He started at the top. He worked with Matt Moran, completing his apprenticeship at Aria. He then moved down to Melbourne and worked with Shannon Bennett at Vunamonde. And then, last year, he was handpicked by Gordon to run Gordon's flagship restaurant in London. And this week,


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[Assistant] He's been handpicked by Gordon to set the pressure test that's going to decide your future in this competition. Please welcome from restaurant Gordon Ramsay in London, Matabe.


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[Assistant] Gordon Ramsay going, come and open the most important restaurant in my empire.


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[Assistant] Guys, your chicken should be out of the water bath now, and ideally it should be in the oven. 30 minutes to go.


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[Assistant] If this dish sends you home, what's gonna send you home on it?


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[Assistant] Let's just hope that consomme is as good as the herb oil. The chicken isn't as overcooked as it looks.


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[Assistant] My chicken surprisingly isn't badly cooked. It's got nice tenderness there, herb oil's great, but absence of mousse is a question mark.


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[Assistant] You've had a patchy few weeks here. I've seen you put up some, some food I'm sure you're not happy with but also you've...


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[Assistant] You've made an immunity challenge, you've put up some great dishes in black. What is it that makes you motivated to stay determined in the face of those setbacks?


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[Assistant] That consummate is absolutely beautiful, a wonderful colour, a fantastic depth.


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[Assistant] This is the moment where they see whether not playing the pin was a wise idea or a Masterchef disaster.


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[Assistant] Loki, the big question, the one question, not playing your pin, in retrospect, good idea or bad?


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[Assistant] That kind of stuff. Hair. Off the bottom of the little radish. It's just a man.


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[Assistant] The day's been one of those days where we've seen some really great dishes. But, Ben.


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[Assistant] Matt said your consomme was good enough to be served in a restaurant Gordon Ramsay itself. Well done.


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[Assistant] But amazingly, that wasn't the dish of the day. The dish of the day belonged...


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[Assistant] That southern Indian flavor, I think that's so delicious.


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[Assistant] The Wind in the Willows Episode 75 Rat Talks to Toad


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[Assistant] Rat made some lunch for Toad. Soup will help Toad feel better, he thought. Finally, Toad came in the room. He looked like a real gentleman.


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[Assistant] Now Toady, Rat said, I don't want to hurt you. You've suffered a lot. Oh yes, said Toad, nodding.


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[Assistant] Yes, but, said Toad, I escape.


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[Assistant] You were put in chains, said Rat. Yes, but, said Toad, not for long. You were chased, said Rat. Yes, but, said Toad, I got away.


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[Assistant] Do you know what everyone is saying? said Rat. They're saying my friend is a thief. Rat was very upset.


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[Assistant] Come on Otto, you got this. Come on. Nice, Dero. You're working really well. Just keep pushing.


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[Assistant] I'm just reducing the wine in the consomme. While the chicken's cooking, I'm gonna go onto the herb oil.


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[Assistant] My life has been awful. Everyone was chasing me. I've suffered so much.


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[Assistant] It's a long story. I...


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[Assistant] I'm so handsome, he said. Who could think I was a wash woman?


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[Assistant] Really fellas, you can't take me to jail. Don't you know who I am? Chris Kringle, you know? Papa Noel, Para Noel, Baba Natali, Shandan Lao Ren.


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[Assistant] I'm feeling good, positive, bit nervous, but just need to push through.


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[Assistant] At the same time, feeling scared because this is something I'm gonna have to replicate.


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[Assistant] Is this the thermometer? I'm definitely feeling really nervous. It's definitely out of my comfort zone. Why use one of these?


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[Assistant] With recipes, I can follow it. I'm not the best because I usually cook by intuition, so I need to make sure I read it carefully and follow it to a T.


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[Assistant] Darren's was so delicate. He had these really nice crisscrosses on it. I need to get it as close as possible to his cage.


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[Assistant] I'm taking a bit of time making the twill. I need to get it as thin as possible.


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[Assistant] Thank you. It's so important for me to stay in this competition. This is my dream. I'm not ready to go home.


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[Assistant] The next step is to do chocolate, but I want to get the sponge in the oven so I can temper why it's in there.


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[Assistant] I'm so under the pressure right now. Oh good. Start again.


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[Assistant] But I'm trying to stay focused and at the back of my mind, I still know that I need to temper my chocolate for the colour. Oops. I don't need that.


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[Assistant] I'm pretty flustered. How am I going to get this all up?


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[Assistant] Oh no. The jelly's just flopping around and I'm just... I should have poured it in the blast chiller. All the jelly goes flying. Oh no.


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[Assistant] Oh no. What am I doing? All the jelly goes flying. The moulds are empty.


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[Assistant] I get my jug of jelly mixture, I quickly fill up the moulds.


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[Assistant] That's it, beautiful Lisa. Lesson learnt.


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[Assistant] I'm starting to stress out because I need to get started on the chocolate.


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[Assistant] I got the chocolate on the board and I'm rolling as fast as I can.


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[Assistant] I quickly run to the blast chiller and I just hope for the best.


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[Assistant] I quickly get the chocolate out of the blast chiller. I try to get the moulds over it, but it just doesn't work.


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[Assistant] I got everything up except for the tempered chocolate. It's really disappointing


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[Assistant] Walking that dish up to the judges and Darren, I'm feeling so disappointed.


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[Assistant] I'm feeling so disappointed. I could have done better. I could be going home.


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[Assistant] Uhm, if that element sends me home, I'll be really disappointed.


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[Assistant] If that's what it is, then I'll just go home and still chase my dream. I'm not gonna give up.


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[Assistant] By immersing myself in food and people around food and people who, who love it as much as I do.


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[Assistant] We can defeat the weasels and ferrets.


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[Assistant] Jo's twill looks thicker than Brendan's one. I just hope that's not gonna go against her. But at least she's in front of Jenny and Lisa.


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[Assistant] Oh no. I can see the big air pockets. It's ruined.


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[Assistant] Hello gents. What's the dish? What are you doing? Spicy chicken wings with the spicy mayonnaise. And also I'm going to do salsa rosas dipping.


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[Assistant] So, what have you cooked for us? So we got crispy chicken wings, salsa rosa, chipotle, lime mayo, and pepper salad. Right, they look crispy. Thanks, Chris.


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[Assistant] Uh, it's the flavour of peach. There's a real defining flavour of peach in that tureen. Love the sugar cage, it's fine. But no white chocolate.


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[Assistant] I'm watching you down the end there, snuffling that ice cream and I don't blame you because that ice cream is incredibly delicious.


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[Assistant] That's another cragging tasting. Let's get the final dish in.


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[Assistant] One of you brought us an incredible version of Darren's beautiful dessert. The flavours, the textures were close to perfect.


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[Assistant] Nigella is a domestic goddess. She's amazing and I can't believe that I have another opportunity to call for her today. Even if it's a pressure test.


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[Assistant] That's so cool. That's absolutely incredible. I've only just started hearing about this Ruby chocolate. So to be able to actually try this today and cook with it is just amazing.


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[Assistant] I wanna move a little bit quicker, but I've gotta get this ruby chocolate chopped really finely.


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[Assistant] And I still have the milk chocolate brownies, the dark chocolate mousse, and the white chocolate cookie dough to do.


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[Assistant] Because I also need to get my cream cheese and cream mixture for the cheesecake working in another food processor. Come on, Nadal, come on.


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[Assistant] Now I need to fold the ruby chocolate through that mixture. Come on and go.


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[Assistant] I'm working on the brownies right now. I really need to get them in ASAP, so I'm trying to work really hard.


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[Assistant] I'm thinking about my family and my husband. I'm thinking about what I've given up to be here. Come on, you gotta get those brownies in. Let's go. The pursuit of starting a family with my amazing husband is being put on hold.


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[Assistant] I know this is a pressure test, but I'm having the time of my life.


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[Assistant] It wasn't easy, uhm, high intensity. I pushed my absolute limit. I feel really proud about what I've done today.


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[Assistant] Out of the floor, I'm really happy with the Ollo chocolate mousse. It looks really beautiful on the plate.


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[Assistant] I'm most concerned about the white chocolate chip cookie dough pie. It doesn't look quite ripe. I hope it's enough to keep me here.


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[Assistant] It's a surreal feeling to be serving Nigella her own dishes that I've made.


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[Assistant] Out of the four, I'm really happy with the olive oil chocolate mousse.


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[Assistant] But I'm nervous about the ruby cheesecake and the white chocolate chip cookie dough pot.


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[Assistant] I know there's some flaws, but I hope I've done enough to stay here.


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[Assistant] Thank you very much. The one thing that's sticking in my head that my husband, David, told me before coming here, he told me to, you know, celebrate my successes, be sad with my losses, but uhm, don't overindulge in either of them.


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[Assistant] He's a very wise man. He is. He's amazing. So I've tried to keep that in mind and, you know, I've had a bit of a tough run. I came in today being really positive, just backing myself and regardless of what's going to happen, I said, I'm going to enjoy it. And I did.


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[Assistant] My experience as a master chef has just intensified my love for food and cooking. It's what I love and what I want to pursue. So I'm not going to stop here. I'm not going to give up.


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[Assistant] So today we wanted to talk, the idea was to talk about insurance.


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[Assistant] And I think you have some idea already what insurance is, but it involves an insurance company of some kind, or a government insurance. But the policy holders have a contract with the insurance company


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[Assistant] Uh, so, uh, they, they achieve their, there's a theory behind insurance and their theory is risk pooling. That what is a risk for one person is not a risk for society at large if they, if they are independent.


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[Assistant] Then the risk that you, uh, face if you're writing end policies, each against one life,


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[Assistant] And you can see that as n gets large, this standard deviation approaches zero. So the fraction of policies, uh, that result in death becomes, uh, uh, practically a known number. That's the key idea of insurance.


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[Assistant] So, unfortunately, it's not so easy to make this idea work in practice, largely because of moral hazard and selection bias. Moral hazard occurs, uh, when, uh,


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[Assistant] People, knowing they're insured, take more risks. So for example, if your house is insured against fire, you may say, I don't care, I'll be careless with fire because it's insured. So then the risk goes up.


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[Assistant] Uh, or even worse, if the insurance company insures your house for more than you think you can sell it, you would say, I'll just burn it down. I'll pretend, I'll pretend it was an accident. Uh, and then I'll get more money than I would have for selling the house.


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[Assistant] Selection bias is different. It is that the insurance company may not be able to see all of the risk parameters that define risk.


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[Assistant] Then people may, their customers may see them more.


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[Assistant] So for example, health insurance tends to attract sick people. So health insurance companies ask for a medical exam, traditionally, to screen out people who know they're already going to be sick.


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[Assistant] It can harm their business. And it can destroy an insurance business. Because if people know that they're going to be sick, then only sick people sign up. The insurance has to be expensive. So healthy people won't sign up because they don't want to pay the expense. And so the whole thing collapses and doesn't work.


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[Assistant] So you have to deal with selection bias the best you can by, uh, exams and, uh, uh, disclosure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also by mandatory, the government can make it mandatory that insurance companies do not look at the, uh, uh, selection. So, uh, Obamacare is known for that, that health insurance companies are not allowed to take pre-existing conditions into account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me give you an example of moral hazard and selection bias in insurance. Many people in this world today are living in marginal economies. Subsistence farmers. You have a farm in some very underdeveloped part of the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you depend on the crop every year to feed your family.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, but unfortunately, the weather throws curve balls every now and then. There'll be a typhoon, or there'll be a drought of some sort. So, farmers should buy insurance, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But how do we do that? So one kind of insurance that's been offered for


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, many centuries, I suppose, is crop insurance for the farmer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Buys insurance against the crop failing. That sounds good and workable. There's a problem with it though. The problem is that it's subject to manipulation. The farmer can lie about the crop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? You can say, I didn't get much of a yield this year. You can sneak some of it off and sell it. And then try to claim on the insurance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or the farmer can just get careless. You know, maybe he's just not that focused a guy, right? He doesn't do things right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, he gets drunk and it doesn't, it doesn't do the, uh, necessary thing. That's moral hazard. And then there's selection bias. Farmers who know that they're living on marginal land will, uh, will pay for the, will be the ones who will go for the insurance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So crop insurance has been around, but it hasn't worked that well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As, as, uh, pushed by the World Bank, which is an international development institution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, because the farmer can't cheat on the weather. He can't make bad weather. We have weather stations. So that's like a good idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well it's a new idea, weather insurance for farmers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's starting to catch on, especially in the developing world where it's extremely important. It can be life or death for some of these farmers. Uh, but then, does that sound obvious and workable? Uh, do you think of any problems with weather insurance?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to define the weather very carefully if you're going to describe the effect on crops. It turns out that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You plant seeds at a certain date and they start germinating. They're very vulnerable to drought.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A certain, after a certain number of days after planting and if the weather, the bad weather comes right then, uh, so you have to measure it locally and know exactly when the planting was, uh, details like that to make it work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reason we want insurance as opposed to, uh, gift giving is because


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flood insurance in this country was created to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prevent people from making big mistakes. The big mistake that was being made was that a lot of people were building houses in floodplains. And, uh, you know, sometime in the next 20 years, it's gonna be a big flood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then these people are apparently counting on, well, someone will bail me out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the United States, in 1968, Congress passed a national


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flood Insurance Act, which specified that you had better buy flood insurance and the government will subsidize it. But it will be priced.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Appropriately. So if, go ahead, build your house in a floodplain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you're gonna have a sky-high insurance rate. We're gonna price it out. And that's the idea. So...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People, uh, you know, are forewarned, uh, you better watch out because this is a high risk area and the flood insurance rates will tell you that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's a coherent system, if it's just philanthropy.


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[Assistant] Sashi and I have already got one pin but I definitely want to fight my hardest to get a second because I really want to be the first person to ever hold two immunity pins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really love guessing challenges. I think I have a broad knowledge with different ingredients. I'm hoping to do really well because I really want to cook for that second immunity pin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know straight away that this is some type of blossom. I use a lot of flowers in my desserts. Aniseed. Floral.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First one's Riot, I'm really happy because I'm hoping it's one of the hard ones in today's guessing competition and it's out of the way early. Khan, you're next. Go Khan. We're gonna have number four.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh wow, numbers are dwindling, aren't they? For today's challenge, we have to compete in two rounds. The first round for guessing competitions to guess what's under each cloche.


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[Assistant] I think everyone's kind of going for Khan over Sashi and I today because I don't think anyone wants Sashi or I to have two pins.


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[Assistant] My heart sings straight away because I definitely know I don't know what it is.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I definitely don't know what this is. I have no idea. Uhm. Take a guess.


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[Assistant] I'm really motoring, but I look over and Jim's still in the pantry, and he's already been in there for 10 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if Jin has enough Vegemite in his risotto. Jin's thrown a lot of ingredients into this risotto. I'm just not quite sure that they all go together. He just really needs to make sure that the Vegemite shines through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really haven't had the full MasterChef experience. Don't wanna get to the end. This place is awesome. I'll give everything I've got today.


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[Assistant] I'm not sure what Matt's going on about baking noodles, but I just need to see what's under this cloche.


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[Assistant] The way this dish is constructed, there's a lot of little intricate pieces on the plate in the past. My presentation hasn't been really great and I've really got to pick it up today. Tuck in guys.


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[Assistant] It's so important I get this right. The white chocolate base just gives that nice bit of richness to balance out the lemon curd parfait balls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I get my white chocolate base out of the blast chiller and put it into a piping bag. If this isn't the right consistency when I put it into the printer it could just splatter everywhere and look nothing like it's supposed to. It has to be perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've only ever seen 3D printers on the internet and it's printing food. How good? No, very happy with that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My lovely wife, Caitlin, would be so impressed with me cooking this dish. You know, I cook a lot of desserts and I think to do this one is a real step up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I gently stir the foietine through. I really don't want to break this up too much. It has to have a good crunch element to the dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My caramelized white chocolate base, my lemon curd parfait balls, and my coconut rocher are finished and in the freezer. Now I'm gonna move on to my fennel shots.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, good. So what do you got left to do? The candied ginger snow. I'm gonna finish this fennel shot. And the garnish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I blanch the fennel fronds in salted water and then get them in an ice bath to stop the cooking process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next, I combine glycerin, cream, and sugar. I bring it almost to the boil, remove it from the heat, and whisk in gelatin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then in a blender, I add the fennel fronds and the cream and blitz it to emulsify and get it into a squeezy bottle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's time to put my phenyl shots into the liquid nitrogen.


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[Assistant] For my ginger snow, I pour in half a cup of the ginger mixture into the liquid nitrogen and start mashing it with a slotted spoon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna crush it up into little chunks and get it into a blender.


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[Assistant] We've got 10 minutes to plate up after the cook ends. But we've got to have all our elements and garnishes ready before time runs out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got fennel flowers, fennel fronds, candied ginger cubes, and crisp pearls.


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[Assistant] This dish is so particular, Brendan's plating up was just immaculate.


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[Assistant] I pipe my lemon curd into my white chocolate base. I've got my crisp pearls, my fennel shots, and the rocher discs, and the parfait balls, and my candied ginger cubes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For my garnish, I've got fennel flowers, fennel fronds, and my ginger snow to finish it off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm quietly confident, but in this competition you just never know.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I definitely don't want to go home. This means a lot to me and uhm, I've never had an opportunity like this to be a part of something like MasterChef and it truly is an amazing experience and uhm, I want to take every last bit of it. Loads of elements on this dish. Have you missed any off?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now go away, good woman, the ferret said. They called you good woman.


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[Assistant] Don't bother us! A ferret yelled. Go away!


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[Assistant] Soon you will have to go sir, I said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh Mole, you said that. Astrat?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't listen to her, one ferret said. She's just an old woman, said another.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I said, maybe you should listen. My daughter does watch for Mr. Badger. And she heard him making a plan. Tonight there will be a great attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's good. Yeah, you're just trying to get all that moisture off it so it crackles better. Sashi and I today are on the mains. We're doing a crispy pork belly with a Thai chilli jam, a Thai-inspired salad and also fragrant rice. You see, okay? Yeah, that's great. We've sweated the pork, we're rubbing down all of the water, drying it up and the salt goes back on and also the five spice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cooking the pork belly at this high temperature means that the fat might not have enough time to render and that's really important for this dish. Let's just ramp it up. Get this fat rendering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's actually insane that Gordon wants a taster for the main, and like, there's no way that pork is ready, but he wants to know if we're going in the right direction, so we just have to make it happen. It looks great. Good job, Khan. That's my bestie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Open your eyes and look through the glass. It's imperative that we nail the cooking of this pork that we get the fat in it to render because it is the main and the main is so important in a service challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's so important to have someone for Gordon to speak to that will take charge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are, we are, we are. There's been a few stumbles at the beginning for our mains. Pork is quite fatty, so we've changed the way the dish looks, which I think is so much more refined. Good job guys. Come on guys, we got this!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm just loving it. We're back on track now and I'm really confident again.


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[Assistant] The final plate has gone out. It's done.


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[Assistant] Gordon breathing down our necks was incredible. It's like you're frightened but at the same time you're working so much harder. He pushes you and I loved it. Good job guys, you look beautiful, so delicious. Like your dessert looks phenomenal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why is fluoride added to water? To make water taste like soft drink. Nah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] According to a prevailing study, when fluoride is added to public water supplies. At an average concentration of about 1 part per million or slightly below. It prevents tooth decay. But how? Enamel is the hard outer covering of our tooth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is primarily made up of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is a compound of calcium, phosphorus and hydroxide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now when bacteria in our mouth feed on food particles, they produce acid. This acid dissolves the hydroxyapatite, leaving behind a residue of calcium and phosphate ions. This results in a tooth decay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, when we drink water containing fluoride, the fluoride binds with calcium and phosphate ions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And today we're bringing you the sequel of I'm Sorry I Love You. Part 2. Part 2. That's right. I guess a lot of our listeners enjoyed the first part. Mhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And since it was such a romantic dialogue.


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[Assistant] We're bringing part two, so it's even more romantic, and I'm sure everyone is gonna find some great and useful language in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, so useful language for when you're going on a date.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it's a really romantic thing that's going on right now, but there was some really useful words here, so why don't we take a look at language takeaway?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, ordinary is a normal word. Yes, meaning? It's normal. Uh huh. Nothing uncommon about it. Yeaah. So you can have like an ordinary person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, ordinary. Okay, great words, and I guess now we can listen to our dialogue a second time.


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[Assistant] Okay, so we looked at some great vocabulary, and now we can look at some great phrases, so let's start with Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] On Fluency Builder today we have three great phrases. So why don't we just start with the first one?


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[Assistant] To you. Make it up to you. Make it up to you. Okay, so we have some great examples on how we use make it up, so let's listen.


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[Assistant] Right, so if you call your mother-in-law fat,


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[Assistant] Okay, our second phrase, my treat. My treat. My treat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so I can say, hey, let's go get some beers. It's my treat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And our last phrase for Fluency Builder, a twist of fate. A twist of fate. Twist of fate. A twist of fate. So Erica, what is a twist of fate?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, for example, okay, you're supposed to catch a flight to another country, alright, but you're late, so you miss your flight. Okay. And, uh, that flight crashes. Wow. Right. So, that's a twist of fate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, it's like, it's like fate, it's like destiny, uhm, you were, you weren't supposed to be on that flight.


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[Assistant] Okay, so we're back. Erica, I know you have a story of a twist of fate in your life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, well we want to hear your stories of maybe some type of twist of fate that you've had.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe love stories, maybe tragic stories, any story.


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[Assistant] So be sure to leave your questions and comments and your stories at our website, EnglishPod.com.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, where you can also find us to answer any questions or doubts. Yes, that's right. So, I guess until then, it's... Goodbye! Bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, we've got language that we use to talk about, uh, dates. A date, yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. Well, before we look at this date language, let's listen to the dialogue for the first time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today we have three words for language takeaway and the first one is relieved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess relieved is like a happy or relaxed feeling that you get if you avoid something bad, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you ask someone to pick you up, you're saying basically...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so let's give a couple of examples. Uhm, my husband was supposed to pick me up from work yesterday, but he forgot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And our final word in today's language takeaway is...


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[Assistant] This time it'll be a little bit slower, and this will help you to understand the language more clearly.


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[Assistant] So we use this phrase when we want to say, I'll invite you, I'll pay for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A twist of fate is an unplanned event that has a big impact on your future or your life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marco, can you give us an example of a twist of fate?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so a twist of fate. A twist of fate. Great! On a happier note, let's listen to the dialogue a third time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, uh, recently actually this happened. Um, I went to this party and at the party there was a contest, like sort of a lottery.


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[Assistant] So I went with some friends of mine and they were tired so they left early and they gave me their tickets. And guess what happened?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I spent $18 and a bit. I bought pork mince, carrot, garlic, onion, and chili flakes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Russia is very close to Azerbaijan and there is a lot of influence from Russian cuisine and my mom used to make them for us a lot when we were kids, so today I am celebrating that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I would like them to experience my country through my cuisine.


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[Assistant] I'm happy with the doll, so I leave it aside and start to make the recorder.


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[Assistant] Traditionally, pelmenis are served with cream. But at home, mom quite often would serve them with ricotta. My nan, she used to make ricotta cheese. So it reminds me of her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am happy with the recorder. It's light, soft and with a bit of tang to it and it's turned out to be very beautiful. So I'm hoping that they will enjoy it. I leave it aside and start filling the dumplings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going for a more traditional flavor. Although I'm adding grated carrots, uhm, because that's what mom used to do. She would probably do it just to sneak a bit of vegetable into us, but I am just continuing the tradition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And bringing something like that into the kitchen today is very meaningful to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I made homemade ricotta to go with it.


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[Assistant] When I hear honey, my mind goes to a classic combination of honey, figs and cheese. I have a fig tree in my backyard and uhm, I just love this combination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Honey roasted figs and honey and walnut crumb with Persian feta mascarpone honey cheese.


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[Assistant] I have come up with a concept for our audition. I hope I'm taking my team on the right track.


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[Assistant] He over-whipped it. He's not a dessert man, so.


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[Assistant] It's obviously a team challenge, but we just have no idea what could be coming next. It's gonna be cracking day, no matter what happens.


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[Assistant] Everyone knows I love my seafood, and filleting is what I do best. I know that it's a really important part of this dish, so it's gotta be perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've gotta get this fish cooked and it's gotta be cooked perfectly. That's a, test a piece of the fish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From my tester piece, I know that the fish only needs to be in the steam oven for four to five minutes max. This is the main protein on our dish, and I can't stuff it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so it's gonna be a gorgonzola and white chocolate mousse with some grilled and pickled peaches and a roasted white chocolate crumb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love the combination of white chocolate and peaches and I just think it is just going to be wonderful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I taste my mousse mixture and it's so delicious. Oh, that is so good. Now I need to get onto the jelly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I go to taste it and I realise it's too firm.


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[Assistant] There's not enough time to get all of it off the plate. And so I have to leave it there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With a white chocolate crumb, some grilled and pickled peaches, and a peach jelly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know why she's doing chocolate. That's gonna override the honey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's honeycomb, creme fraiche, ice cream, macadamia, cinnamon crumb, honey roasted figs, honey twill, and some chocolate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A bit disjointed, we've probably got a whole lot more elements, but it's a bit disjointed, but uhm, I'm hoping there's a few redeeming features on the player at least.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What dates are you planning on taking off? I'll need at least two months notice so that I can plan for your absence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you want to quit your job, make sure you give enough notice. You'll need to tell us four weeks in advance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure. Liv, what can I do for you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wanna take some time off, is that right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What dates are you planning on taking off? I'll need at least two months notice so that I can plan for your absence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi. When we responded to the I am a writer assignments, we responded just to let someone know that we


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today we're going to think about responding toward revision, which builds on that. You still want to maintain the idea that feedback is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hit that project and also help him or her improve his or her writing in general.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want to think about revising based on things that you can say that are large scale, smaller scale, or proofreading.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I'd especially like you to focus on are what I would call, what I and many others call the global or large scale aspects of writing. They're listed here. So it's the main


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ideas of a piece of writing. What has a person said


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What evidence is included? What's the organization of a piece? What are in general the straights? What are in general aspects that a person might want to improve on?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reason you don't want to focus on these exclusively.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or even first is that if you think about if you're, if you're going to change an entire paragraph or suggest that someone add a certain paragraph.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Offer someone too many suggestions about what to change in terms of really small things. Again, because they might be just taking out that entire sentence altogether and then you've kind of wasted your time, right? And their time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are a valuable responder and you want to spend your time offering kind of substantial, intellectual, meaningful feedback to each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Happy, you know, because it was very positive. It was, you did this really well, it's interesting, it's good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I really want you to kind of take that responsibility seriously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Writers want to hear what's working, and you want to notice what's working. But you also want to be able to share with


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That reading other people's work will make you a better writer. So you're not


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll end up- Are they gonna be ready in time? In the firing line.


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[Assistant] This water is also ridiculous. It's not a typical Matsuzaka kitchen. It's raining.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm on the main today and we are cooking pork belly with fennel and ribs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we put the pork belly in, it could see 230 degrees on the screen.


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[Assistant] For the last 30 minutes, the pork belly was not cooking at all. We are in trouble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the main, the roasted fennel came out perfectly. The pickled grapes looks beautiful. The fresh grapes are nice and juicy. My only concern is the pork fillet need to be cooked perfectly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Autism is something that many people know about. For example, some people think that autistic people are fair-skinned males that speak in monotone and constantly go on and on about the same topic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people think that autistic people do not know right from wrong, avoid attention and usually say the wrong thing at the wrong time. Some people think that autistic people are socially awkward and lack humor and empathy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now if you agree with what I just said, I'm sorry to tell you, but you do not have the right impression of autism. How do I know? Because I have autism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, there is not a lot of information out there on what an autistic life actually looks like. So people often resort to stereotypes. And we see these often in the media.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the lack of knowledge on autism doesn't stop there either. Did you know some people are trying to find a cure for autism? That's because they see it as a negative thing. As a disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many people are challenging the idea and, uh, to us, we think autism is not a disease. It's just another way of thinking and looking at the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our brains function differently from most people's brains. Think of it like comparing an Xbox and a PlayStation. They're both highly capable consoles with different programming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the question is, am I really diseased if I just think differently?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The main problem with living autistic in today's society is that the world just isn't built for us. There are so many ways that we can get overwhelmed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, the thing that makes me overwhelmed all the time is loud noises. Which means I never crank up my music really loud, and I usually am not a fan of large parties.


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[Assistant] But other people on the spectrum might, uh, get overwhelmed with things like bright lights or strong smells or gooey textures. Not all of the potential to create anxiety.


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[Assistant] Think about all the, uh, social gatherings you've been to in the past. Was there loud music playing? Were there really bright lights? Were there lots of different food smells going on at the same time? Were there lots of conversations happening all at once?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those things may not have bothered you guys, but for someone with autism, they can be quite overwhelming.


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[Assistant] So in those situations, we, uh, do something called stimming, which is like a repetitive motion or a noise or some other random fidgeting that may or may not seem normal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people will flap their arms or make a noise or spin. Yeah, that's basically our way of zoning out.


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[Assistant] It can often feel necessary for us to stim, however, uh, it's often frowned upon and we're forced to hide it.


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[Assistant] When we're forced to hide our autistic traits like this, it's called masking.


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[Assistant] Some people mask better than others. I mask so well sometimes that people don't even know I'm autistic until I give them the big reveal.


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[Assistant] But at the end of the day, it gets really stressful, and even something like doing my homework at night becomes very tiring. Some people think that, uh,


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[Assistant] Because of our ability to mask that this is the cure to autism. However, all it really does is makes us ashamed of showing our true selves.


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[Assistant] Another common stereotype that is often associated with autism is that autistic people lack empathy.


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[Assistant] And again, this is not true. I actually have lots of empathy. I'm just not really good at showing it.


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[Assistant] Whenever a friend is trying to tell me some of the struggles that they're going through, I often don't know how to express my reply. And that is why I don't show as much empathy as my non-autistic friends do.


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[Assistant] Emotional expression. However much or however little is difficult for me.


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[Assistant] Though of course, I cannot express it that way. Otherwise, let's say, uhm, happiness, for example, would come out as a huge burst of gleeful wheezing, hand flapping and loud vocal woo-hoos.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether it be, uh, receiving an awesome birthday gift or, uh, listening to a tragic story on the news, I, uh, cannot really express my reply without bursting, so once again, I have to mask it in order to appear normal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My inner feelings are unlimited, but my mind only lets me express extremes or nothing.


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[Assistant] So my, uh, I'm not too, I'm not great with my emotions and I, uh, communicate differently and because of that I was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.


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[Assistant] This diagnosis helps me and my friends and family to know, uh, how my mind works.


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[Assistant] And in the world, uh, approximately one percent of the population is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, and this number is growing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, we are still a big minority, and there are still lots of people that do not see us as equals to other people.


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[Assistant] My, uh, dad and my brother are both non-autistic. Sometimes it can be a bit difficult for us to communicate with each other, however.


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[Assistant] Sometimes I'll say something like, oh, Toronto's Union Station, right? Thinking that I can, uh, help them to remember certain aspects of it. When they get confused, I often have to elaborate myself on that.


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[Assistant] And we often have to, uh, say things in a number of different ways so that everyone understands.


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[Assistant] However, despite all that, we all love each other and respect each other's equals.


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[Assistant] In his book, NeuroTribes, author Steve Silberman states that, uh, autism and other mental conditions should be seen as naturally human, naturally part of a human spectrum, and not as defects. And this is something that I agree to completely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If autism was seen as part of a natural human spectrum, then the world could be a design to work better for autistic people.


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[Assistant] I am not ashamed of my autism and I, uh, may not think like you or act like you, but I'm still human and I am not diseased. Thank you.


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[Assistant] I told you, said Rat, it's no use.


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[Assistant] What can we do? asked Toad. The ferrets guard the house, said Rat. They watch day and night.


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[Assistant] We must wait until we have a plan. But...


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[Assistant] I warned you, said Rat angrily. Now my boat is gone.


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[Assistant] Chapter 5 A Visit to the Green Man