[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides this, caffeine in coffee and nicotine in cigarettes also make us sweat more. In addition to this, men tend to sweat more than women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, in an airplane, he can't do this. Hence, he experiences claustrophobia in an airplane. Second is not being in control of the situation. For example, a car is in our control. We can get down at any moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But since the plane is 30,000 feet above the ground, we have no control over what is happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides this, media broadcasts the news of crashes over and over again, thus influencing us and creating a fear of flying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is some chilli mint lamb cutlets with a mint and preserved lemon sauce. Yum. So it's very simple, but it is good to have something quick. Someone stops by unexpectedly and I can cobble something together. I don't necessarily have to have known they're going to be turning up. Right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All herbs or spices for that matter fire up differently depending on what other spices or herbs they're put with. I don't know if any of you have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's a lot that's going on here because you've got salt, you know, you've got the fat of the lamb cutlets and the olive oil, and you've got acid of the lemon and the heat of the chilli, and that's why, it's very simple, but it hits all the right notes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I was brought up in a very traditional way that you had an old fashioned mint sauce made with vinegar and sugar and a bit of boiling water. And I thought, well, why can't I make a mint sauce but using preserved lemons? I adore lemons. But there's something about a preserved lemon that is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, a bit of garlic, I'm just gonna cut it a bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we've got this lovely lettuce from the farm. So when we have...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A bit of lemon juice would be great, please. I did a little cheek. Oh gosh, you chefs love a cheek.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's funny enough, when I do a salad, I always do it this way, which I put the lemon first, some salt, and the olive oil. At home I'd use my hands, but I'm being polite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aubergine or eggplant with this would be great too. So now is my mint sauce. It's very simple, but sometimes you just want to eat something simple. I nearly always do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, these are my chilli mint lime cutlets with a mint and preserved lemon sauce. Very simple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's that rich tang of the black treacle and that resonance of the dates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I haven't oiled it again, but we have to hope it's all gonna work. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's good, but a hot tap will do as well. And now I'm going to start whirring away with the black treacle and butter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the reason I'm putting the treacle in first is it's quite viscous. It's not runny like other syrups. Normally you would always do the butter and sugar together. You don't want streaks of treacle that aren't mixed in. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now there's only a little bit of sugar going in here, and that's because you don't want the cake too sweet. I have some dates standing by, which I'm going to add to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it was quite a stiff batter, now we're making it much softer. And obviously, as you all know, when a wet batter makes for the most wonderfully gungy cakes. There we are. And this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rich tang of the black treacle and that resonance of the dates. Okay, I'm putting this in an oven. 160 fan for about 30-35 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hot on. Now. 150 grams butter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Treacle, about a tablespoon. Now you see why I didn't put a lot of sugar in the cake. Now I like to use dark muscovado and this is what makes this re- you know, sort of, as I said before, have a sort of savage intensity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're just going to let this melt and now we just add the double cream. Oh yum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let's see. So I'm now going to prod it. It's cooked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it gives like a glaze. Okay, yep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just going, luckily I've got, let's just make sure it coats.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And making my pudding when...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, I have, I make salted caramel ice cream, but it's wonderful just with cream as well. And more sauce, just put the sauce in a jargon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pour it over and then by that time as well the sauce will be warm rather than piping hot. And that's my sticky toffee pudding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really sorry that I won't be tasting your food every week. So what I want you to remember is, you know, you're smiling now and keep that smile in your cooking. It's the most important thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A messenger? Well, why didn't you say so, LB? I must see this with my own eyes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] LB used that horn for something besides a hat rack. Why would they be going to ca-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait a minute. Maybe you have a point there. Yeah, actually it does come to a point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hate your name and business, and whether you're a friend, foe, or just another bill collector. Do you not recognize the supreme artist, the artist, Monsieur Le Twig, and my trusted associate, Le Beak?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do they compare? Sophie is tall, Paul is taller than Sophie, Hans is the tallest student in our class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sophie is tall. Paul is taller than Sophie. Hans is the tallest student in our class. It is hot today. It was hotter yesterday. The day before yesterday was the hottest day in the year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is hot today. It was hotter yesterday. The day before yesterday was the hottest day in the year. There was a large crowd at the race last year. This year the crowd is larger. It is the largest crowd have ever seen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a large crowd at the race last year. This year the crowd is larger. It is the largest crowd have ever seen. The brown suitcase is heavy. The blue suitcase is heavier than the brown one. The green suitcase is the heaviest of them all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The brown suitcase is heavy. The blue suitcase is heavier than the brown one. The green suitcase is the heaviest of them all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, they have special valves which close at specific intervals to prevent the backflow of blood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, sometimes when the valves don't close properly the blood begins to pool around the valves thus leading to varicose veins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firstly, during pregnancy, the increasing volume of blood and uterus put pressure on the veins, eventually leading to varicose veins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Secondly, being overweight leads to increase in pressure on the veins, thus causing varicose veins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lastly, due to prolonged periods of standing or with age, our valves can get weaker, thus increasing the risk of varicose veins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This classification is based on the presence, absence, or combination of specific antigens in our red blood cells.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we have A antigen, then our blood type is A. If we have a B antigen, then our blood type is B.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we have both antigens, then our blood type is AB. And lastly, if we neither have A nor B, then our blood type is O.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The positive and negative factor is determined by the RHD antigen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what is the use of these blood types? Our immune system produces antibodies against the antigens we don't have. So, during transfusion, if wrong blood is injected, our antibodies will recognize the unknown antigen as an invader and start attacking it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a form of acupressure. No. In order to deliver oxygen and nutrients to each and every cell of our body. Our heart pushes blood through tubes called blood vessels. As the blood moves, it exerts force on the vessels' walls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The measurement of this force of blood on the walls is called blood pressure. The ideal blood pressure reading is about 120 over 80 millimeters of mercury or slightly below it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why is blood red in color? Cause everyday it bathes using red paint. No.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our blood mainly consists of a liquid called plasma. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. However, the color of our blood is basically because of red blood cells. Each of the red blood cells contains hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When hemoglobin binds with oxygen, the interaction between them gives our blood its red color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Moreover, like human beings, not all animals have red-colored blood. This is because the blood of some animals such as octopuses, spiders, etc. has hemocyanin instead of hemoglobin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hemocyanin is a copper-containing protein. When hemocyanin binds with oxygen, their interaction gives the blood a blue color. The blood of some lizards has biliverdin, instead of hemoglobin, which give their blood a green color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How does blood clots? With the help of glue. Not at all. Our blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, clotting factors, etc. suspended in a liquid plasma. Hey, I too have a plasma, look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, the clotting factors take part in a complex chain of chemical reactions and create fibrin strands. These strands crisscross one another and create a mesh that tightly holds the loose plug together and makes it strong. Red blood cells and white blood cells also get trapped in the mesh, thus creating a blood clot that completely stops bleeding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every country has its signature dish and today you'll be cooking one of the world's best.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In its country of origin, almost every family has its own secret recipe. And today's recipe is no exception.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The recipe for this dish is a closely guarded secret. In fact, so closely guarded that we can't reveal it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to let you go into this challenge without some form of roadmap. How about if we throw in an award winning cook, a master in this dish to help show you the way. Please welcome with the dish that will decide your fate from simply Spanish in Melbourne,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Normally at this point we'd tell you that all the ingredients and everything you need is at your bench. But not today, it's a little bit different. Let's go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything you need to create Linus Peller, including the stock, is on the butcher's block or on the ice. There's nothing superfluous here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything you see has a role in this player. We're going to give you a very generous 90 minutes to make this player. Lena, do you want to do the honors? I'd like to wish you good luck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Leah, how long, how much longer do we have to start?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great, fantastic. But you need to get a crack on, because that, that, that start needs to be finished, but the heads is a great idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so in terms of your plan, what are the steps? Obviously we know lots of all the ones in the pan to start off with. Then what are you adding?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're really, when it starts crackling, it really starts to crackle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think the, there's a fair amount of complexity there, especially if you've never made a player before, and there are lots of little traps for the unwary, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where it is golden, you've got a lovely flavour of grape crust. And combine that with that waft of saffron and those little slippery rags of red pepper. We're starting to get some of those telltale payers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dreamt of the perfect pressure test for you. With your love of seafood, this must have been it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Upside, he's, he's peeled his large prawns, seafood isn't overcooked, that's great, but the rice is, is overcooked. And there's way too much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are you finding that you're getting better at handling the pressure?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, and it's great that, you know, fish absolutely just cook, cleaning and salt wonderfully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A golden crusty sohara, a flavorful rice, and beautifully cooked seafood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Leah, Kyle, it comes down to the two of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lea, your fish was cooked well, but your rice was inconsistently cooked. Kyle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your seafood was nicely cooked, but there was way, way too much rice in your dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, there was one thing that none of us could look past, and that was the burnt taste of rice that tainted everything in your pan, Leah. I'm sorry, but that's why you're going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a little bit worried about Leah. She's starting to fall a little bit behind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go and have another look at that paella before you keep going. There is, uhm, peeled ones and there is, uhm, whole ones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hold on guys! Can you guess the title of my next video?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hurry up! Write your guess in the comment section below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my gosh, what is he gonna set for us today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I think of that microwave, I think popcorn. So we have popcorn in... ...microwave popcorn? Microwave popcorn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm doing popcorn grits with grilled calamari with a miso butter, asparagus and speck. First things first, I have to make my popcorn grits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I put my popcorn in the microwave and let that pop away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Popcorn grits is an American themed porridge. It's usually made out of corn, but today I'm using popcorn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is so much at stake for this immunity pin. I want to show the judges that I can think outside the box just using only these three appliances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I get onto my spec and I have to slice it into nice cubes to pamper on the sandwich press.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh no, I burnt them. Can't believe I burnt microwave popcorn. How do you burn popcorn, seriously?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spin, bin, bin, bin, bin, bin. Paddy burn popcorn, seriously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't believe I burnt microwave popcorn. I'm technically not even cooking it. You burnt the first batch, don't ask how.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I have to get onto my popcorn grits. I boil the water and I melt that in with some butter and I add some of my popcorn to start soaking through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to soften the popcorn so that it can pass through a sieve. Just working it through so that all the grits comes through and leaves all the pips behind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I finally put my calamari onto the sandwich press. A 45 minute lunch break is not a long time at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Time is absolutely flying. I have to work as quickly as possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am quite nervous to see if everything works as a dish. Maybe I creamed in too much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Popcorn grits with pan-fried calamari, a mezzo dressing, pickled radish and some stack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Donovan Cook has come into the MasterChef kitchen before and he actually lost. I think he's back here for redemption for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tati and Donovan are doing amazing dishes. It's unbelievable what Donovan's doing in only 60 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the kinds of things you'd see there, and also how to talk about them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you may have seen a lesson I did a while ago on arranging to meet a friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Follows on from that if you're meeting your friend at the art gallery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What do you talk about and how do you say things? Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, first of all then, you have to decide where.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've probably already arranged where to meet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Outside the gallery, inside the gallery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If there's a cafe, which there usually is, meet in the cafe, have a drink first, maybe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or there's usually a shop or more than one shop. There could be a gift shop, a book shop, so you might meet in the shop, in the gallery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With paintings in it that you're particularly interested in, you could say, we'll meet in that room where they have those paintings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, because you can start looking while you're waiting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or a particular gallery within an art gallery, the separate rooms are also called galleries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you might say, let's meet in the, oh, the gallery where they have all the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The kings and queens in the portraits, something like that. I'm thinking of the National Gallery in London, because this lesson really is for the big


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Art galleries, museums, so I'm thinking of the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, the Tate Britain, the Tate Modern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so they have different rooms which are called galleries. You might also say let's meet on the first floor or the second floor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what are you going to see in the art gallery?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You may already go to lots of art galleries, so you will have a good idea of what to expect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you haven't been to many art galleries, this is just a summary and also giving the English names for things of all the kinds of things you would expect to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the kinds of things you see could be pictures and paintings, sculptures, statues, photographs, and these modern things called installations. And all of those, those types of art, that's called the medium. The medium


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is really what the work of art is made of. So all these things here in brackets, uhm, some of them are telling you what, uhm, for example, you could have a painting, and what is it made of? It's canvas, which is a kind of cloth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With oil paint on it, so it's called oil on canvas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes pictures are painted on a panel, a wooden panel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes, the paint is not an oil paint, it's a water colour. So, which is much paler, so it could be a water colour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they're a different... The medium is the type of material that's been used to make the work of art. Okay? So with a sculpture, for example, a statue, it could be made of stone, like marble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Metal, like bronze, or it could be wood, it could be carved out of wood. Okay? So that's the medium used to make the sculpture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then photographs are always, of course, black and white or colour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, there's another type as well. There's one called sepia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very old photographs from the 19th century are often, they're not black and white, they're more sort of brown and white. So that's called sepia. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then these installations, they're a very sort of modern idea, and they're experimental. They may even be like machines that move, or just things hanging from the ceiling, you know, like a piano


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hanging down from the ceiling, upside down, which I've seen in an art gallery. All sorts of things like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so those are the kinds of things that you would see depending on which kind of art gallery you go to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it's a modern art gallery, a lot of it will be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oil on canvas or oil on wood. So, uh, and sculptures, which are a traditional form of art going back hundreds of years. So, that's what you would see, and if you find it all a bit,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Difficult because how do you understand a work of art? There is usually


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit of information at the side on the wall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or if there's a sculpture in the middle of the floor, there'll be a little...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Piece of information in, in words.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To tell you a little bit about the artist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you can find out who was the artist who made this. Was it a man or a woman? When did they live? How long ago?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are they still alive now? What country did they come from? Because all of that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes you have to decide, do I read this first?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then look at the work of art or shall I look at the work of art first, get my first impressions?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And think what is this all about? And then look at that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can experiment and decide. Try to look at the work of art first, probably. See what you think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your own personal response is important. And then...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] See what it says about it here, and that will add, uh, something to your understanding, and then go back to the work of art again probably is a good idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so that's the kinds of things you'll see, and then if we're looking at pictures in particular, paintings,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are different types of painting, and they all have different names to describe them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the types, it's a French word called genre.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the genres of painting means the types of painting, the different types of subjects in the paintings. So, a portrait, for example, is a human figure, and it can either be a famous person or just somebody


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just somebody that the artist wanted to paint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It may be some person, we don't know who they are, but the artist just thought they looked interesting and wanted to do a portrait of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and even the title, even the information may not tell you who is that person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a lot of portraits are of famous people, and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I specialize, of course, in portraits, where you can see portraits of kings and queens going back in history, politicians, uhm, all sorts of people who, who were famous. So that's a portrait.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and then you could have a landscape, which is a scene... Scenery of the outside world. So, it could be of the sea, which is called a seascape.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can see the sea, maybe with some ships on it, and maybe a little bit of land somewhere as well, or you can just see the beach.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where you're seeing buildings and a city and maybe a river going through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But often traditionally landscape is countryside scenery as well, because hundreds of years ago cities were not so big, so a lot of landscapes would be


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The countryside, okay, fields and trees and so on. So that's landscape.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another type or genre is called still life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that is, uh, things like fruit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And flowers and any kinds of objects, just put together often on a table top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the artist, maybe a bowl of fruit or something, and the artist just paints a picture of what's in front of him or her on a table, they arrange it themselves and decide what to put there and paint it, so that's called still life. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, confusingly, there are genre paintings, and it's a bit strange because we have the word genre here, meaning types, but it can also mean


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, scenes from everyday life showing ordinary people, you know, even someone working in a kitchen, for example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a Dutch painting, for example Dutch paintings, a lot of them are everyday life scenes of people inside their homes or in the street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do it in a market, buying some food, anything like that. Just everyday life, ordinary people. It's called genre painting. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, then you could have history painting, which can either be events that really happened, there could be a battle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or some political event, or it can include mythology as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Classical mythology, uhm, gods and goddesses, that sort of thing. So, history painting includes that, even though that's not really history, it's imaginary, but it's in the same category. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, another type is an abstract painting. When we come into the 20th century and 21st century, a lot of paintings are modern and abstract. They're not of anything in particular.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're not what's called representational. They're not of something that you can see in the world around you. They may be just some coloured squares or rectangles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a certain arrangement of colours and shapes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and it's just geometrical, or it could be just a few sort of...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marks on the painting in different colours, as if the artist sort of threw some paint at it, which sometimes they do, or put it down on the floor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And ride a bicycle over it, you know, empty some paint onto the canvas on the floor. Ride a bicycle over it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To get some track marks and just make a nice pattern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, and then put that up on the wall, so it can be like that. There are artists who do that, and they're just abstract, you know, arrangements of paint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Colours and shapes, and they are not meant to...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be anything, it's just what it is, really, just some colours and shapes inside a frame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so that's the first half of our lesson. I hope all that vocabulary is useful for you, and we'll move on now to see what else you can do, and especially how to talk about with your friend, how to talk about what you're looking at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so let's have a look. What happens when you're standing in front of a picture with your friend and you want to talk about it? What sort of things do you say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, there are different things you can look at. You can look at the subject, if it's a famous person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or it's of an event in history.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or there's some sort of story in the picture. You can sometimes see in a picture there's a kind of story going on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where you just look at the details in the picture and you can work out what's happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, that's one thing you can do. You can look at the subject and talk about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can look at it in terms of the colours that have been used.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the artist has used very bright colours, for example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or the opposite of bright is the word muted if the colours are pale, pale colours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're called muted, the opposite of bright, and then the idea of whether the range of colours


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is a wide range or a limited range.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think of the colours of the rainbow, for example, that's the spectrum. Okay? The spectrum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the colours of the rainbow, red, orange, yellow, blue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Green, indigo, violet, okay? So, if you look at any painting...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's like a checklist you can use. Has the artist used all those colours or only some of them?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you can decide whether they have used a full range of colours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you can see more or less every colour in the picture, then it's a full range. And there's always a reason why the artist has done that. That's a choice, uh, that the artist has made which colours to use.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's something you can talk about, just the colours. Even if you don't understand what the painting is about, you can look at the colours and talk about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another sort of technical thing you can look at is the texture, the surface. If you're in the art gallery, of course there are some things you can't do. You can't sort of do this and touch the picture to see how smooth or rough


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The surface is, they don't allow you to touch things, even sculptures sometimes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, an attendant will come and say please don't touch anything, so you have to be careful not to touch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other things, you shouldn't talk too loudly because you might disturb other people, so if you're talking to your friend, don't talk so that everybody in the room


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, things like that. Also, uh, in front of some, uh, pictures, uhm, there's a little,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, it keeps you at a distance, so if you see something on the floor around the painting, uhm, don't sort of step over it to have a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stay this side of it, because it's there for a reason. They don't want people touching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or even breathing on the picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, covering the surface, a lot of paintings, they don't have any glass covering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just the picture surface there, so you can look and see, you can see whether the surface looks rough or smooth. You can see, uhm, brush strokes. If you think of the paintbrush that the artist has used, uhm, it's, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's made of little hairs. It could be made from horse hair or human hair. They've used a brush of some kind to put the paint on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, sometimes you can see on the surface little lines which are from the brush.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's an interesting thing to look for. You can say, oh look, you can see the brush strokes there. Can you see? So that's another thing you can talk about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if it's, if the surface is very lumpy, it means the artist has put the paint on very thickly, maybe with a knife or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, that's interesting to look at as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oil paintings are very, very smooth. They're so smooth that the light sort of reflects from them, and you have to look at them from a certain angle to stop the light reflecting at you so you can't see properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the same, if there is some glass covering the picture, the glass can also reflect the lights from the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can't see it properly, so you have to move around a bit to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The details. Okay, so that's texture. Size is fairly obvious, but if you see a picture in a book,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not so easy. On the page of a book, you wouldn't know how...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you see the original picture in an art gallery, uhm, if it's a very big picture or a very small picture, that makes a difference in the effect it has on you as you look at it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, there's always that to think of. Uhm, and just generally, your own personal reaction is important, as I said earlier. If it makes you laugh or makes you feel happy or sad or...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's confusing, you're not quite sure what's going on in the painting, so you feel confused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or even something about the painting annoys you, you feel irritated, you can say so and try to explain why, what it is about the painting that has that effect on you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so all those things you can talk about, but then if you're a bit unsure, you don't know what to say, you could say something like this, I wonder what the artist is trying to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit general, that's quite an interesting work of art or interesting or unusual.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anything like that, anything you want to call it, really.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you do like it, you can say something like, wow, that's amazing. I really like that. If you don't like it,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can say something like, that isn't really my cup of tea, uhm, that's not my favourite style or subject.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't want to be too critical because if you are, your friend will think, oh dear, we shouldn't have come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's not enjoying it, or he's not enjoying it. So you don't be too negative, but you can say something politely. Oh well, that's not really my sort of thing, my cup of tea. Okay? And then after a while, you probably feel you want


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A break, you're getting a bit tired. You can only look at so many pictures in one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Day or one, uhm, afternoon or morning. So, you might need a break. So, you could say, can we sit down for a while?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Often there are some seats in the gallery itself, so you can sit down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can still be looking at some pictures as you're sitting and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe chatting about other things or you could say shall we go to the cafe?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, change your surroundings, have a bit of a break.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From looking at the pictures. Okay. So, there we are. That's the kind of thing to talk about on a visit to an art gallery. I hope that's been useful. And at the end of the visit, uhm, when you're saying goodbye to your friend, you can say something like thanks for coming. It's been great. See you again soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, thank you very much for watching, and see you again soon. Bye for now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's too expensive for us. We can't afford all that money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We should be at the village soon. I wish we could get this contraption to go a little faster.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aaron, Arousian, that was terrific.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I'll say. And it was nice meeting your parents too. I'm glad everyone is alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes it has, Grubby. It's also been fun. Thank you for inviting us, Aaron and Aruzia. Teddy, it is our pleasure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it happened a long time ago in our homeland of Rolonia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My mother was showing me how to plant potatoes. You just dig a hole this deep, put a potato in it, then cover it over with dirt. Oh, that's easy, Mom. I can do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I worked most of the afternoon and I finally got the first row planted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mother, look! During the night, something had dug up all the potatoes I'd planted the day before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It'll take me most of the day to plant new potatoes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Later, my mother helped me fix up a special surprise for our potato feet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh sure, before long, there'll be potatoes all over the place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, we'll plant lots of different kinds of vegetables, corn and cabbage, and tomatoes, and most of them will start out as little seeds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, your majesty, that was how Grubby and I met. And our friendship has been growing ever since.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No matter how bad things get I always feel better when Grubby's there. There's nothing in the whole world like a good friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king has been poisoned. And the palace is under attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And set a trap to catch a spy. Then we discover an ancient book that might help us solve the mystery of the crystals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't miss this exciting episode of The Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, uh, uh, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] P-O-L-I-T-E


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 我们就可以联想,遇见警察叔叔要有礼貌。


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So polite is polite, polite, p-o-l-i-t-e.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very smart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] xiu yu ai yi qi shi an jing de de yi si.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, uh, uh, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Show u i t e quite is 以字母7e结尾拼音是特别的特,特别就是相当。


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, show u i e t, wild, is 字母一器結尾.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, quiet is quiet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] E-A-S-Y, easy, is容易的, this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, uh, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, STIC, STRICT.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hard working.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] W-o-r-k, work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, uh, uh, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interesting, interesting, interesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 所以interesting就是有趣的的意思。


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, uuuh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So boring is boring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What does someone look like?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You look, look like


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because look means to look and to look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what is someone like?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In conclusion, in this lesson, we learned these words.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's it for this video. Did you get it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hard working, lazy, interesting, boring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I freaked out, like, such a compliment for Rick Stine to like, my food is so renowned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm making kinaffa with a strawberry and rose sorbet. A kinaffa is a set milk custard with a crunchy layer on top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Traditionally, my grandmother would make the kenefa with a semolina crumb, but the secret for today is that I'm gonna use cornflake crumbs instead. No, gross. I'm so sorry grandma.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm doing my auntie's kineffa dessert. Usually with a kineffa, you would serve that with a rosewater syrup, but today I'm going to serve a rosewater and strawberry sorbet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For this dish to be amazing, it has to have that soft milk custard. It has to have a nice crunch and generally the flavours of rose water should sink through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, my grandma's gonna kill me. If my kanafa isn't better than the original kanafa, my grandma would be very much offended. So, yeah, hopefully it's okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not taking any risks today with this kinafa. One kinafa is in a big tray, and I've got one kinafa in a small bowl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I serve the judges a runny-can-f-r, I'm in big trouble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm worried about studying my Kinepah. Uhm, I've had studying problems in the past and if it doesn't set then I could be bottom three dish today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm so happy, I'm so relieved that a small batch of canavera has set for me. I was a bit worried there, but it's done, so I'm really happy. I know how hard it is to meddle with the classics because they work for a reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I am taking a big risk, but if the judges think Mike and Effa is better than the original, I would be completely blown away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've done kenefa with a rose and strawberry sorbet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The secret in my grandma's gonna kill me but is using corn flakes as the crumb instead of doing a taffy pastry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't believe George just said that. That's exactly what I wanted from him. I know I've taken such a risk, but it was so worth taking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who whom which and that? Who served you, the man who that is standing behind the counter?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you? The man who that is standing behind the counter. Who served you? The woman who that is standing behind the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you, the woman who that is standing behind the counter?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who is making all that noise? The men who that are repairing the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who is making all that noise? The men who that are repairing the road. I served him yesterday. He is the man who whom that I served yesterday. I served him yesterday. He is the man who whom that I served yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I served her yesterday. She is a woman who whom that I served yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw them yesterday. They are the men who whom that I saw yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which book did you buy? The book which that is on the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which book did you buy? The book which that is on the counter. Which books did you buy? The books which that are on the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which books did you buy? The books which that are on the counter?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which dog is yours? The dog which that is carrying that basket?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which dog is yours? The dog which that is carrying that basket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, yeaah, I know. This is one of my favorite tricks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to go now? Yes I have to leave immediately.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to go now? Yes I have to leave immediately.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to get up early tomorrow morning? Yes, I'll have to get up at 6 o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to get up early tomorrow morning? Yes, I have to get up at 6 o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you have to take a taxi? I'm afraid I had to I couldn't get a bus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to get up early tomorrow morning? Yes, I have to get up at 6 o'clock. Hasn't your friend arrived yet? How long have you had to wait? I've had to wait for two hours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hasn't your friend arrived yet? How long have you had to wait? I've had to wait for two hours. Do you have to water the garden? No, I don't need to water it now. It's going to rain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you have to water the garden? No, I don't need to water it now. It's going to rain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do we have to walk to the station? No, we don't need to. We can catch a bus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do we have to walk to the station? No, we don't need to. We can catch a bus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thai green bird's eye chili. Alrighty then. Fits straight into French cuisine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're a lot spicier than they look, those chillies, aren't they? I think that's why she picked them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you? The man standing behind the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you? The man standing behind the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you? The woman standing behind the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who served you? The woman standing behind the counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who is making all that noise? The man repairing the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I served him yesterday. He is the man I served yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I served her yesterday. She is the woman I served yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw them yesterday. They are the men I saw yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw them yesterday. They are the men I saw yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's this? This is the book I bought yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's this? This is the book I bought yesterday. What are these? These are the books I bought yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What are these? These are the books I bought yesterday. What's this? This is the kit I found in the garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not circular chutney. George chutney. I'll name it George chutney.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi guys! Welcome back to my channel. This week's theme is my cravings. So basically, I'm eating whatever the heck I wanna eat. And uhm, sorry, I'm not touching my hair. But...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Honestly, it's like my cravings, but it's something that I've been wanting to do on my channel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, well this is, today's episode is actually, I wanted to do another skewers. I've been wanting to do a skewers one for a very long time. I did one very, very long time ago. I think at my parents' house. But ever since then, I haven't done anything close. And...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, today's the day! I have some sauces that I could eat along with the bunch of stuff. So tartar, okonomiyaki sauce, and wasabi mayo. I have been hooked to this thing. So if you guys can find it, I really recommend you guys to get it. Ta-da!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't they look good? It looks like pujime. My man's been kind of crazy. I was kind of like, I'm in here just cause it's the weekend and some of you guys really miss him, but no, he is going too crazy. Let's start off with the shrimp. I'll put it on medium.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I think that's good for now. I'm saving the ones with the sauce on it because they do tend, they tend to burn faster. Can't even talk today. And I do have some rice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am trying to drink tonight, so let's stay hydrated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is our fourth year celebrating his birthday, celebrating our birthday. So yeaah, we've been together for quite a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's been the best four years of my life. And like when I say like, oh that's like the best four years of my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, honestly, I feel like I'm saying like, okay, but like that's enough. You know, I'm not trying to say that I'm like, I mean like there's more to come and there's so many things we need to achieve together and like there's so many things that we want to accomplish in life together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, I'm excited for that, but yeaah, past four years of my life have been the best, most, uhm, I accomplished the most, I grew up, I matured with him, hopefully, and uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We had fun. He literally became my bestest friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, best boyfriend, significant other, uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That any girl can really ask for, or like, like that I could ever ask for, so uhm, yeah, I just wanna give him a big shout out that he's...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really been awesome to me. We've been through ups and downs and, but we still survived and we're still here together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, I think I could put this one on this side like that. Oh my gosh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, we actually talked about it the other day. Sort of started as a joke and he was like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, do you like me more today than yesterday? I'm like yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he's like, how about last year? I'm like, yeah, I love you more today than last year. He's like, really? How about like when we first started dating? I'm like, yeah, of course, you know, like it's different kind of love, but I definitely love you more than ever. You know, it's not like I love you less every year. It's not like that for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's more of, uhm, it used to be puppy love, you know? I know that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not everybody will know what I'm talking about just because you guys never dated someone for that long. I feel like-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone can be like, oh no, but I know I only dated him for a month, but I know the true meaning of love, like I freaking love him. Yeaah, but it's just that love, it's just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dating someone for four years and the love that, like a relationship that comes with it, you cannot compare that to someone you just met like a month ago. You know, it just doesn't happen that way. Well, at least that's what I believe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You went through- you go through so many things with that person. Like, there's so many things that you learn with that person. So, no matter, like, how much someone says, you know, I bet I love this person more than you love your boyfriend right now. I'm like, how could you? You just met this person, like, a month ago. I dated my boyfriend for four years, like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, it's not like we were separated for like a year but then, it's not like that. We went together for four straight years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's just something you just can't compare to like a puppy love that we used to have. So I cherish it, I cherish all kind of love that we have within four years. But definitely, uhm, I just can't ask for more right now. I think we have the strongest relationship than ever. Out of those four years, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the gizzards need to go in the middle. Honestly, I think this one is done. This is pretty good quality meat or beef. So I like it medium rare. So maybe a little bit higher.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know I'm not talking much, but this is so delicious. I'm gonna put some mushrooms in here. Ooh, I'm gonna put one more of this, you guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was actually debating if I should use this girl, or the other one that I used to have, you know, this is Jojirushi that you sent me this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was debating if I should use the orange one, cause that one is kind of meant for the skewers too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I wanted to give this a try because it's my first time using it and this is actually very good. I really like this girl a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is not very- I know that I'm putting a lot, but this is actually not very salty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like 20% salt and the rest is like black pepper, herbs, so it's not very salty at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To add the, this one is a beef cube with the sweet soy sauce. On this side.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have the pork with green onions and this one has a spicy sauce on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought they were done, but now I'm like having second thoughts. Which is not good, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I heard that's not blood, right? So I don't know. I don't know. I'm gonna let it cook more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if I should eat them. I really wanted it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, I usually just get it from the store, just because if I get sick from it, I can just blame them. But, if I get sick, because of my cooking, like, who am I supposed to blame, you know? So, I am going to keep these guys on this side.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit more rice. I think this one's done. Oh, that looked good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This part right now is not getting any of the heat. So I'm gonna take this part out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's why I'm not gonna... Sorry guys, I know, like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I usually- I have actually a very strong stomach. If you guys don't know already. Or if you can't tell, but-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I stopped, like, I could eat, like, let's say that Dong, you know, my boyfriend, he actually has really some, like a weak stomach. If he eats something wrong, and he gets sick, you know, food poisoning, I could eat the same thing, I'll be totally fine. But today, I just, I don't even want to take that risk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, I'm not saying that that one's like not good to eat, but, oh no, it's just, I don't trust my cooking sometimes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm like, done using the skewers, I want to take everything off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I asked Dong, hey, are you gonna stay up until midnight until your birthday? He's like, no, I'm gonna be tired. I'm gonna sleep at 10.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But he actually, yesterday he actually wanted to stay up. He changed his mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I made a, uhm, you know, a tradition in Korea to drink uhm, or eat seaweed soup for your birthday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I made that for him last night, with the mussels in it. So when it turned midnight, he drank some. If you guys saw on Instagram. Do you guys see it on Instagram? Uhm, I don't think I specified, but, the- here, actually I'll show you. This part. Aww, TV soup. Now shut up, shut up. Aww, TV soup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, like, I mean, like, that's the song. I think it's like, people kind of sing it when, like, people are taking shots and all. He was just drinking seaweed soup, and uhm, because it was his birthday, so. Yup. That's what he was doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yesterday, I went to Sam's Club with Tom because, you know, we were inviting people over today, so we, uhm, we wanted to provide alcohol.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And food, all that, and a lot of people are coming. So we decided to go to Sam's Club because they sell big stuff there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know how there are people who do samples? I can't believe they do samples for water! Water! And we were just walking and this was like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello, hey guys, like, do you guys wanna take a sample of the water? I'm like, is she serious? Like, I feel bad for her. I'm like, oh my god, I can't believe it's like, stand there like, expecting people to like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, like, it's just my thing. I guess some people really would love to and appreciate tasting different types of water. But to me, bottled water is bottled water. Like, fiji or like a vase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This thing from Target tastes the same to me, but I know there are very picky people out there who loves, like, specific brands, specific tastes, and they can taste the difference with water, and I'm pretty sure there is a difference, but for me, personally, it's just like, ugh, man, like, out of everything that's a water sample,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, what could it be like, chicken or like bagels? You know, like cream cheese? So Dong and I were like, wow, I can't believe they're making her do that, you know? Cause like, I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My last piece. This is all. Yea. That was a good meal. What do you guys think?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hope you guys enjoyed this video. I hope you guys enjoyed my two, uh, episodes on my, like, whatever I have been creating. Uhm, yeaah, in this video, comment what you guys crave the most. Like, usually, what do you guys...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just crave a lot of good food. Uhm, so either that, uh, yeaah, so tell me what you guys crave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and what's your like go-to, if you're craving like sweets, what's your go-to candy or something, go-to dessert. So let me know in the comment box, give this video a thumbs up, subscribe for more videos, check out my ASMR channel, check out Dongdeuk's channel, and I'll see you guys next time, probably in a vlog. I'm gonna try to vlog today because Dongdeuk's birthday, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Be really awesome if you guys can go to his Instagram or something like that and tell him happy, happy birthday. Uhm, that we all love him, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know he can be a little annoying, but he's very good inside. He has a very good heart, so uhm, yeaah. Again, huge shout out to my boyfriend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For his 27th birthday. Thank you so much for watching. I'll see you guys next time. Bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is our area, this is our area. I'll show you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Major funding for NOVA is provided by the following.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ExxonMobil, taking on the world's toughest energy challenges. And by David H. Koch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nova's got a brand new evolution website with lots to explore about our ancestors. We want to know what you think. Bookmark it today and give us your feedback. Find it at pbs.org.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ExxonMobil, taking on the world's toughest energy challenges. And by David H. Koch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Arriving home after a long day, you settle in for a quiet evening alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But instead of the sound of silence, you hear a constant ringing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even though there's nothing making any noise. What you're experiencing is called tinnitus, the perception of a noise like ringing, buzzing, hissing, or clicking that occurs without any external source of sound.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tinnitus has been bothering humanity since ancient Babylon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Plaguing everyone from Leonardo da Vinci to Charles Darwin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, roughly one in seven people worldwide experiences this auditory sensation. So where does this persistent sound come from?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the vibrations are large enough, they elicit a chemical response that transforms them into bioelectrical signals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These nerve impulses are then relayed through the hearing pathway to the brain, where they result in the sounds we perceive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, in the vast majority of tinnitus cases, the nerve signals that produce these mysterious sounds don't travel through your ear at all. Instead, they're generated internally by your own central nervous system.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Under usual circumstances, these self-produced signals are an essential part of hearing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All mammals demonstrate ongoing neural activity throughout their hearing pathways. When there are no sounds present, this activity is at a baseline that establishes your neural code for silence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a sound does appear, this activity changes, allowing the brain to distinguish between silence and sound.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the auditory system's health can affect this background signal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With fewer cochlear cells relaying information, incoming sounds generate weaker nerve signals, and many environmental sounds can be lost completely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To compensate, your brain devotes more energy to monitoring the hearing pathway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like you might adjust the knobs of a radio, the brain modifies neural activity while also tweaking the tuning knob to get a clearer signal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it can also modify your bassline for silence, such that a lack of sound no longer sounds silent at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is called subjective tinnitus, and it accounts for the vast majority of tinnitus cases. Subjective tinnitus is a symptom associated with practically every known ear disorder, but it isn't necessarily a bad thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While its appearance can be surprising, subjective tinnitus has no inherently negative consequences. But for some, tinnitus episodes can trigger traumatic memories or otherwise distressing feelings, which increase the sound's intrusiveness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This psychological loop often leads to what's known as bothersome tinnitus, a condition that can exacerbate the symptoms of PTSD, insomnia, anxiety, and depression.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no known cure for subjective tinnitus, so the most important thing doctors can do is help people understand this auditory event and develop neutral associations with these often distressing sounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another, called energetic masking, uses sounds with the same frequency as the patient's tinnitus to occupy the neurons that would otherwise deliver the tinnitus signal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Practiced alongside counseling, these interventions allow people to re-evaluate their relationship with tinnitus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Losing the sound of silence can be troubling, to say the least.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tinnitus reveals that your brain is constantly analyzing the world around you, even as it fails to filter its own internal noise. In a sense, experiencing tinnitus is like eavesdropping on your brain talking to itself, though it may not be a conversation you want to hear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As mentioned in this video, tinnitus can be particularly difficult for those struggling with PTSD. But what exactly is this disorder, and what steps can be taken to help those suffering from it? Learn more with this video, or check out this video for advice on coping with insomnia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll certainly be more careful. I told you to drive slowly, Gary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've had the chance to be present when one of my students have discovered Neanderthal child. And when we have come there and see that this piece was, we were so surprised we couldn't believe it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's very few tools at Nerothal's vein that one can't copy in a few seconds or even minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] None of the stone tools that the Nyertals made are the size and shape.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's sufficient to be a projectile point. They're all too big. Which suggests they're either knives or tips of thrusting spears.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you have stone tools made by Neanderthals and stone tools made by Homo sapiens, and they're identical.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't tell which one made the stone tools because they're making the same kinds of tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then they started to make these kinds of things. They made tools with special little points for perforating tasks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This, they made others with special little chisel ends for carving tasks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this point, we begin to see people treating stone tools as symbols. They're making them more complex than they need to be to accomplish a particular cutting task. So at this point, stone tools are no longer just tools for cutting things, they're instruments of carrying social information about their owners.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These are the big heavy wooden spears that Neanderthals and their ancestors used. These are the lighter bone-tipped spears that Homo sapiens used. These weapons have different kind of performance characteristics. The heavy spears are effective, but they're effective at a very short range, and they're heavy. You can only carry so many of them in one hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bone tip spears are lighter, they're more durable, they have a longer effective range.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In essence, the bone tip spears that our ancestors used allowed them to hunt a wider range of animals more safely and therefore to have a broader ecological niche.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These big heavy spears with their, you know, their weight, their relatively short range, it's like hunting with a pistol. Whereas using these things is like hunting with a semi-automatic rifle. One has more than one shot, one has greater range, it's a more effective weapon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The effects of homo sapiens on large animal communities become more profound as you move further and further from Africa. So, very few major extinctions in Africa. A few of them, a few extinctions associated with homo sapiens moving into Eurasia. And then when they hit, when they hit Australia and the New World, it's a wipeout.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a lower jaw, with teeth downward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I am, said Monkey, and I want to live forever. Do you know where I can find a sage?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I might be a monkey but I can walk and talk and do many other things. I traveled almost 13 years to get here. I'm sure I can be your student.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know. You tell me what I should learn. Well...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The frontier of human evolution is really being brought to this razor sharp edge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really attractive features about ocean sediments is that they accumulate very slowly, but very gradually and continuously over time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this gives us an age, the other analysis gives us the climate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are these time periods when African climate was really unstable. So anything that was living there at the time would have had to adapt to really dramatically different climate changes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The food I prepared tonight is a very common Korean food. Galbi jjim, which is beef ribs stew.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mini goal that probably won't come true anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, work or personal things or about scenes or advice or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't have, well, pianoing is like a really common talent. So I was like, uhm, no, I want to stand out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some did, like, magic and some did dancing. I was like, no, I couldn't dance. You know, what if it was something really special that no one ever did? And then I was like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hmm, Linda's so smart, she did hu-ru-hu. No, it, cause back then no one did hu-ru-hu, and it really shined. I was like, damn it, think of one, think of one. And I was like, ooh, skip rope! Cause I did like, uhm, I usually skip rope for my cardio. So then I was like, hmm, could I do something fun with that? And then that's how it became, like, my talent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had this habit, I don't know if anyone read a book called Secret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And put your goals on there. So I remember back in high school, I had like five pictures. Uh, for example, one would be, I really want to go to Paris in the future, so I had an Eiffel Tower. And then uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then another picture, it was you winning the pageant. Like a samgap-ge song. Awwww.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so far, I really think this method works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something I did want to share was, that's why, to be honest,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the first time I met you at TVVR, even until now, like this moment, when I get to talk to you, it feels kinda surreal, cause then, cause then like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You look at yourself and you're like, oh my god, I don't know what the future holds for me, but I kind of feel insecure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're a little lost or they don't know what they want, like, like what the future holds for them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's because uhm, I don't know if it has anything to do with because I'm a Scorpio. And they say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just gotta let yourself free from toxic relationships. Like you just gotta...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me, I feel like, well in my, in my group of friends, I was one of the ones that matured the fastest. And for me, in high school, I actually wanted to please everyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like if I didn't like doing something, but because of the peer pressure, you know, I would do it too. But when I got to uni, I was like, you know what? I don't want to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You guys just do it without me. Yeah, I guess I could put it that way. Uhm, I'm still learning to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I do have a mini, mini goal that probably won't come true anymore is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] camp, camp, lake, lake,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] badminton


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As. As.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] natural butterfly


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] visitor


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] tired, tired stay, stay


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] away, away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] run away


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] baby, baby shout, shout


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] shout at woof


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] fly a kite


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi. Hi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] high school


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ago. ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] India


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] moon, moon surprise, surprise get a surprise, get a surprise snake, snake


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] scared scared


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] move, move


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] shout to start


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must be special. He doesn't tell everyone those formulas. What did he teach you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now all of the students have seen what you can do. They will want to know how to do it too. If you don't tell them, they might harm you. It's not safe for you to stay here anymore. You must go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can see that you will do evil things someday. Don't tell anyone you are my student. Now go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] La délicieuse nourriture que vous allez voir est de haute qualité, servie dans des portions gargantuesques.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unless you've spent quality time on the International Space Station, this is probably not a view you are super familiar with. This is the East Coast of the United States. That's New York down there in the lower right, and it's a band of light all the way up through Washington, D.C. Those cities are shining like jewels. Highways are traced by webs of light. And all of that light is super photogenic. But there's a problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That light is meant to be illuminating our sidewalks and our streets and our houses. Instead, it's actually going up into the sky and out into the universe, where it's not doing any of us any good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I see photos of this, of the earth, I see environmental catastrophe. Those aren't jewels, those are tumors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm an astronomer, so it's really no surprise probably to anyone that I've always loved the night sky. Uhm, I'm kind of a walking cliche.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But when I was growing up in Minnesota, one of my favorite things to do on a summer evening was grab my old Raggedy Ann sleeping bag and take it out into a field behind my house where I would spend hours looking at the night sky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to do this, I had to brave not only the darkness, but also swarms of mosquitoes, and my sleeping bag really didn't smell very good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there was one particular star that I would look for night after night. And then I would play this game where I would try to focus on that star so intensely that everything else would fade from my view and that single star would be all that I could see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could only ever hold onto that focus for a few fleeting moments. But when I did, I felt this deep sense of connection to the universe. And almost


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Almost a sense of vertigo, like I was going to fall into space.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when this happened, I know this sounds kind of ridiculous, but I would simultaneously feel like unfathomably insignificant and also kind of weirdly important.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That star I looked to night after night is called Vega. Vega is the brightest star in the constellation Lyra, which is not coincidentally the name of one of my ducks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this experience is being lost. My favorite constellation, Lyra. This is what it would look like from Manhattan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For people who live in urban and suburban environments, if they go outside at night and look up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Completely blank night skies, of course, are due to all of the light we produce at night. Those very same lights we see all the way from space are shining up into the atmosphere where they bounce around and create this featureless smog of light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that featureless smog of light has a name. It's called light pollution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As an astronomer, I can actually tell how bad light pollution is by the brightness of stars I can see in the sky. And it turns out that when you're trying to unlock the secrets of the cosmos, it's really helpful to be able to see the cosmos. And ... truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this light that we're trying to detect is coming from millions or billions of light years away, and so it's generally pretty faint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as an astronomer, I fight with this every day to do my job, and I have to tell you, it is a really big problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the problem is far worse than just losing some whimsical ability to gaze at the stars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, countless plant and animal species are affected. So we could talk about sea turtles or pollinators or any of these super important species that are also cute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead, I want to talk about these quietly unassuming dog whelks. You may have seen them around and not given them really a whole lot of thought, but they're pretty cool. So in an entire year, a dog whelk will rarely move more than about 10 meters. That means that when they are attacking their prey,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This works out okay, because they attack things like barnacles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So these dog whelks live in the intertidal area of coasts, where it turns out they're a pretty key part of the ecosystem. Not only are they one of the most dominant invertebrate predators, but other animals like crabs and birds think they're pretty tasty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that leaves these poor snails in a kind of precarious situation. Because if they go too low in the water, then their crabs are a threat. But if they come out of the water too far, birds are going to have a feast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why is an astronomer telling you about dog whelks? Uhm, I asked that myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the other issue is because they literally move at a snail's pace. If a population is wiped out, it can take decades to replenish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that in turn affects the rest of their ecosystem and the other species like the birds and the barnacles and the crops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is just one small and slimy example of how light pollution can unleash a cascade effect on an entire ecosystem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Virtually every species that has been studied to date is impacted by light pollution. And that includes humans. So let's talk about us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are probably not surprised to hear that light pollution can affect your ability to sleep well at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you might be surprised to hear that light pollution is linked to obesity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, in a recent study, they found that light pollution contributed to over 70% of the obesity rates in 80 countries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More than that, light pollution actually contributed about the same amount to excess weight as eating junk food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it gets worse. For people who are subjected to significant amounts of artificial light at night, they're about 50 percent more likely to get breast cancer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in fact, light pollution is correlated with types of cancer across the board. And in controlled lab experiments there's a direct link between increased artificial light at night and a rate of tumor growth. You might be wondering how normal light


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happens is that when light impacts the retina at the back of our eye at night, it can disrupt melatonin production. And when melatonin production is disrupted, a whole chain of other chemical processes are affected, and that includes estrogen production. And when we throw this chemical balance out of whack, really bad things can happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, things are so bad that the International Agency for Cancer Research has said that disrupting the human circadian rhythm is a probable carcinogen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fact that you're laughing about death is kind of amazing. You might still care about money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's enough money to build like a thousand utility-grade windmills or fund the entire DC public school system for over two years or, this is my favorite because I really want one but I can't afford one, uhm, buy 30,000 Tesla Model X SUVs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's getting worse with time. The amount of light pollution is doubling roughly every 35 years. That means that within the next decade,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Virtually the entire eastern half of the United States will be perpetually brighter than twilight. And there's another issue with light pollution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The problem is way worse than we can see with our own eyes. Our eyes have evolved to just detect this tiny range of the full spectrum of light. All of this other light that we can't see, this invisible light,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also has a pollution problem. Mostly it's from modern technology, things like cell phones, or car-to-car radar, or now apparently we need appliances that can talk to each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of this modern technology is putting out strong signals that can completely swamp these exceedingly faint light we're trying to detect from the rest of the universe outside Earth, which, as for the record, is most of the universe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then there are satellites. Satellites are a problem at both visible and invisible wavelengths. A host of private companies have plans to deploy tens of thousands of satellites into Earth orbit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where they will not only outnumber, literally outnumber the visible stars in the sky, well also beaming invisible light back to earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for astronomers like me who use invisible light to study the universe, it's going to be like staring at the sun and trying to see a birthday candle behind it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I want to be clear that there's nothing inherently wrong with any of this modern technology. Right? With cell phones or satellites or car radar. I'm not sure about kitchen appliances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I haven't broken down and gotten an oven that talks to my cell phone yet. And I use lights at night like everybody else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some problems in the world, like we've heard about today and you'll hear more about, are overwhelming and they seem intractable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Visible light pollution is not one of these problems. This is actually stupidly simple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so here are five super simple things you can do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't use lights brighter than you need to. Don't use lights when you don't need them. Those lights you're using, make sure they're shielded down so they're not shining up into the sky. And let's talk about LED lights. If you have a choice, don't buy the blue ones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look for words like warm white. If you buy LEDs with words like natural light or daylight, that's like saying you hate space.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, you could advocate for this. Even in your local community, find out if there's a lighting code and whether it could be made more night sky friendly. Or, dare I say, you could even advocate at the federal level by politely asking our federal officials, some of whom may be here, to please not auction off


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, like a good professor, I have homework for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have never seen a truly dark night sky, I want you to go out and experience one for yourself. Because if you don't, you don't know what you're missing, and you don't know what humanity is losing. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uuuh, he's got about 10 big fish. But, situation changed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am now as powerful as a god. I'm not afraid of any demon. I'll be back soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The demon of chaos attacked my subjects! I want revenge!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's just one problem though. What's that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said that he, he told me that he, he said that he, he told me that he, I'll leave tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll leave tomorrow. What did he say? What did he tell you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What did he say? What did he tell you? He said that he would leave tomorrow. He told me that he would leave tomorrow. He said that he would leave tomorrow. He told me that he would leave tomorrow. I can't do this math problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't do this math problem. What did he say? What did he tell you? He said that he couldn't do this math problem. He told me that he couldn't do this math problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I may return at 6 o'clock. What did she say? What did she tell you? She said that she might return at 6 o'clock. She told me that she might return at 6 o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She said that she might return at 6 o'clock. She told me that she might return at 6 o'clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Program, program. Full, full. Swing, swing. Swing dance, swing dance. Maybe, maybe. Least, least. At least, at least.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] together die die writer writer dentist dentist magazine magazine however however than than more than more than


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] almost, almost, none, none, less, less, less than, less than, point, point, Claire, Claire, Sue, Sue, American teenager,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A baby cursed at birth. A fierce battle of good and evil. A true love awoken with a kiss. Sleeping Beauty is one of the world's favorite folk tales, but one of its most famous renditions tells the story without a single word.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since premiering in 1890, The Sleeping Beauty has become one of the most frequently staged ballets in history. So what makes this piece so beloved? And what exactly does ballet bring to this or any other story?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the heart of ballet are dozens of gestures that dancers painstakingly perfect over thousands of hours of practice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you don't need to study them to understand ballet any more than you need to study music to be moved by a song. And just as composers combine notes and phrases to form pieces of music, choreographers string these gestures together with new movements to form expressive combinations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the Sleeping Beauty's opening scene, a flurry of techniques depicts the fairy court bestowing gifts on baby princess Aurora. The fairy of generosity delicately walks on point, meaning on the tips of her toes, in step with the light plucking of violins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ballerina moves in perfect harmony with the music, even mimicking the violin's trill with an elegant bourrée.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some movements are even more literal than this. The evil fairy Karabos curses the princess with a lethal X, and the benevolent Lilac Fairy counters that curse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, the relationship between music and movement isn't always this straightforward. While classical ballet gestures often respond to musical elements, the degree to which the dancers and orchestra align is another choreographic tool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some characters and scenes move in sync to create rhythmic clarity, while others deliberately diverge from the orchestra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dancers and musicians maintain this delicate balance throughout each performance, engaging in a live negotiation of speed and rhythm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Choreographer Marius Petipa and composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky worked together on every second of The Sleeping Beauty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is particularly noticeable in Princess Aurora's exuberant entrance on her 16th birthday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tchaikovsky's enthusiastic music tumbles forward in fits and starts, even cutting short some musical phrases to capture her impatience. Patipa choreographs Aurora bouncing back and forth with pas de chat, French for cat steps, as she waits for her party to begin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once the celebration starts, it's up to the dancers to deliver on the physical spectacle of performing these gestures with grace. Aurora has the hardest part of all— her famous rose adagio. As four suitors vie for her hand, the princess performs a dizzying array of balances, all on point.