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[Assistant] Finding love can be pretty tough sometimes, even for a human on the land. But imagine if you lived in the darkest depths of the deep sea. Down there, just finding another member of your species can be next to impossible. Which is why some creatures have evolved some interesting strategies to pin down a mate. For instance, allow me to tell you a deep-sea shrimp love story.


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[Assistant] Forever. The deep-sea sponge in this story is called a Venus flower basket. And like other sponges, it is a sedentary animal that uses its external skeleton to filter food from the water around it. But this particular sponge almost seems like it's made of lace. Except…


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[Assistant] What looks like a delicate mesh is actually spiky pieces of glass-like silica called spicules. The sponge weaves these together to make its external skeleton. And as dainty as it looks, this structural design is actually super strong. In fact,


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[Assistant] It's what makes it possible for these sponges to withstand the extreme water pressure deep in the ocean. But that is not its only role. This intricate glass skeleton also serves as a home and a breeding ground for a pair of deep-sea shrimp in the family Spongicolidae. Once these two shrimp pair up,


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[Assistant] They find a sponge and they crawl through the glass mesh, then...


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[Assistant] They settle in. Researchers think they likely hang out here because passing food particles stick to the spicules, so the shrimp can get a steady supply of food. It's a pretty great deal for the shrimp. But the symbiotic relationship works out well for the sponge, too.


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[Assistant] The hungry shrimp keep its spicules squeaky clean, and the sponge feeds on the shrimp's waste. The only catch is, as the shrimp grow bigger, they can't get out.


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[Assistant] But it's actually a good thing for the shrimp. As they evolved over thousands of years,


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[Assistant] They lost features that would let them live independently.


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[Assistant] Their gills have shrunk because their sedentary lifestyle doesn't require as much oxygen as a free swimming one. Their shells have also become less spiny since the sponge takes care of protecting them from predators. So it is now impossible for them to live anywhere but inside a sponge.


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[Assistant] Eventually, the shrimp pair has babies, and these are small enough to squeeze out through the mesh and set off in search of a venus flower basket sponge to call their own. Then, finally, the original pair will die, which will open that sponge up for new tenants to settle in and continue their symbiosis. As for how the shrimp find their homes?


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[Assistant] Which teaches you one of the most common programming languages with Brilliant's trademark explanations, quizzes, and hands-on demos. Whether you're a scientist by trade or just think Python sounds fun, you can find it at Brilliant.org slash SciShow. And if you sign up with that link, you can also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.


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[Assistant] Today's elimination will take place over two rounds. And round one is one of our very favourite MasterChef challenges.


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[Assistant] You know the deal, you've gotta correctly identify as many ingredients as you can in a dish.


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[Assistant] This is a very special taste, Ned, because not only is today's dish a classic, it's also been specially created for you by Nigella.


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[Assistant] Time has come now to find out who's safe and who will go into the second round.


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[Assistant] Those two get twelve ingredients just enough to save themselves from the second round. And they are...


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[Assistant] Those two gets 12 ingredients, just enough to save themselves from the second round. And they are...


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[Assistant] That means the father you're cooking in round two, worst dish, sends his maker home.


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[Assistant] That's quite a lot going on. There's a lot going on and I must tell you, good luck with the baking of that.


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[Assistant] Any day that starts with a Nigella trifle has to be a great day, even if it's, even if, even if there's elimination on the line. Let's get the first dish in.


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[Assistant] We were really worried when you came around, you gave this bombarded, this like, shopping list full of ideas. And, and we were really hoping that you'd do what you did and decide what to put on the plate. Simira, thank you so much for sharing with us. Thank you.


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[Assistant] That cake looks crusty and delicious. Yeah, it does. That looks yummy.


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[Assistant] The secret is you gotta have cold ice cream, hot meringue. No.


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[Assistant] Which tastes like melted redskins. I think it's quite tasty. She did alright. She was finding her feet.


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[Assistant] And I suppose the key question, sitting at home with your two kids watching this, is this the sort of stuff they love to eat?


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[Assistant] I love it. And the texture, that kind of pneumatic, satiny set custard is delicious.


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[Assistant] Really lovely. That's a sitting down in a good


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[Assistant] Melbourne Middle Eastern restaurant and going great dessert. Must come back for that.


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[Assistant] Are you confident with this day, or do you think your future is in the balance?


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[Assistant] Are you confident with this dish or do you think your future is in the balance?


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[Assistant] Yeah, I don't think it's bamboozling at all. I think it's pretty straightforward. You can't put a bad problem on the plate. You can't put a bad praline on the plate.


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[Assistant] He would be better off just throwing a wonderful ice cream on the plate. The question is gonna be whether an amazing ice cream is gonna be enough.


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[Assistant] I think it's right that we celebrate any good dishes, but two of you didn't do a good enough job.


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[Assistant] Sadly, one of you is going to be going home. Sorry to say.


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[Assistant] The bomb Alaska was just too sweet and that parfait had melted away. I'm sorry, Tim. Your time's up.


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[Assistant] Gary and I got some big, big shoes to chase here. Oh yeaah.


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[Assistant] That's good. Not many people can say they've had a private lesson with the goddess of the kitchen. Now today I'm going to make you a Middle Eastern take on roasted cauliflower. When you're looking for cauliflower, you know the deal.


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[Assistant] Florets nice and tight together, no discoloration on the florets. This cauliflower is about a kilo one. We're gonna trim off all the greens.


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[Assistant] So what we're going to do is we're going to microwave the cauliflower to soften it, then we're going to put it into a blazingly hot oven just to crisp it up, just to give it that lovely colour. So this cauliflower is going to take probably 11 minutes, the bigger cauliflower 12 minutes. What we're really doing is we're just trying to see that point when it gets tender and the florets are starting to come together. So, on to the territory.


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[Assistant] About 100 grams of sourdough bread. Tear up the bread simply. Kettle. And what you're going to do is soak the bread.


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[Assistant] Now I'm gonna need someone to help me with this. Lisa, come on up.


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[Assistant] Okay, so we've soaked the bread until it's nice and, you know, squidgy like that. I want you to squeeze out the excess water from the bread, and then put it into the blender. I want it to be nice and dry, see how much you're getting. That's right, get out, get out any of the squidgy stuff.


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[Assistant] 100 grams of stoke bread, that's great. That's fantastic. 100 grams of blanched almonds. You can toast those if you want to to give you a toasty of flavour. Half a cup, 90 grams of tahini. Scrape that in.


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[Assistant] Final thing, this is something George and I picked up when we were in Dubai with MasterChef. All you do, rather than putting liquid in,


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[Assistant] Have a look. Stop it. Give it, give it a scrape down on the sides. Have a taste. Have a taste and see what, see what you think.


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[Assistant] I'm not going to say I made, I made a version of this the other day and I just smashed the smoked almonds up in a, in the mortar and pestle and put that in. That was great, so you had that lovely hickory flavour.


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[Assistant] Right, let's do that. So, that is the tarot or done.


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[Assistant] I wanna add some verse of sweetness, but I love that sweet-sour combination. So, currants, dried fruit.


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[Assistant] Sultanas, raisins, they're all better when you pump them up. So all we're going to do is take two tablespoons of currants and a tablespoon of red wine vinegar.


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[Assistant] And we're just gonna warm those two together. And the idea being then we'll put the carrots to one side and we'll let them soak up the vinegar.


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[Assistant] Once you put it into a 220 degree oven, 200 fan forced, in here, and pop it in here, that's gonna roast up, get golden on top. Now, what you're also going to do,


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[Assistant] Uhm, to give us some crunch for that cauliflower, we're gonna do some spiced...


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[Assistant] Chickpeas, 800g of chickpeas, rinsed and drained, well drained, nice and dry. So, about 60ml of olive oil, and we're using chilli.


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[Assistant] Smoked paprika. And then toss those chickpeas in there and away we go.


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[Assistant] Yum, yum, yum, yum. So put those chickpeas under the cauliflower.


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[Assistant] So we've got our tarator, our almond tarator. We are current. Now, we're gonna make our own pomegranate molasses.


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[Assistant] Now for pomegranate molasses we need pomegranate juice, sugar, and something to make it extra sour. So red wine vinegar is great, lemon juice is great. And all we do


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[Assistant] So, what happens is after time and the magic of television, this sloppy juice becomes


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[Assistant] That sticky syrup. Wow. It's fantastic. So.


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[Assistant] Now, now you can also see all those little gaps where things are gonna drop and hide and, and survive. Then we've got our chickpeas, which are, here, look at this miss. So crunchy, simple, bang, alright, so.


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[Assistant] This is, this is where the fun stuff starts. Let's say cumin first.


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[Assistant] Alright, some, some passing some deal. Same thing, just over the top. Okay, beautiful, tragically.


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[Assistant] And now our two final touches. A little bit of olive oil. A little olive oil. And there. And then our final touch. Pomegranate molasses. What do you taste?


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[Assistant] We need someone else to taste, uh, Kamahura.


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[Assistant] The biggest name in food in the world. The surprises just keep on coming. For the first time ever. Gordon Ramsay! Oh my god!


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[Assistant] Oh my God, it's brunch. I love brunch. I can't even deal with this right now. It's brunch. I've got this.


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[Assistant] My team is awesome. I'm loving all the members and I'm really happy with it.


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[Assistant] It's just a mixture of chopped chilli, chopped garlic, some fish sauce, sugar and limes. If there's anything I know it's this sauce. So I'm confident in you. Tell me what it needs. It needs sugar. It needs sugar.


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[Assistant] I'm loving the energy in this kitchen. I've got adrenaline running through me and I'm just loving this space right now.


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[Assistant] Hot smoked salmon with poached egg and grilled asparagus and a cornflake parfait with strawberries.


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[Assistant] You might not see it on your regular classic brunch menu, but I think they'll love it.


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[Assistant] You guys are doing a great job. You're doing a great job of leading. You are doing a great job.


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[Assistant] We're so excited. Everyone in the kitchen has got a really positive, good feeling and we're just waiting for that first docket to come in.


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[Assistant] I'm making a flaky pastry vanilla bean ice cream stack with the berry compote and a caramel.


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[Assistant] My cooking style is normally simple. I don't do too many fancy things.


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[Assistant] I know it's gonna taste good. I just hope that it's not too simple.


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[Assistant] To be here, I've given up time with my family, my job, uhm, so that's a lot.


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[Assistant] I really want to stay in the competition. It's too soon to go home.


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[Assistant] Taking my dish up to the judges, I'm worried. All I'm thinking is, is it too simple?


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[Assistant] A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers written between square brackets. So for example, here is a matrix. I'm going to write a left square bracket.


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[Assistant] And then write in a bunch of numbers.


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[Assistant] And, you know, these could be, uh, features for machine learning problems or it could be data from somewhere else.


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[Assistant] But for example, the specific values don't matter, and then I'm gonna...


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[Assistant] Close it with another right bracket on the right. So that's one matrix. And, you know, here's another example of a matrix.


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[Assistant] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. So matrix is just another way for saying it's a 2D or a two dimensional array. And uhm,


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[Assistant] The other piece of technology we need is that the dimension of the matrix is going to be written as the number of rows.


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[Assistant] times the number of columns in the matrix. So, concretely, this example on the left, this has 1, 2, 3, 4 rows, and it has 2 columns, and so this example on the left, I'm going to say this is a 4 by 2


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[Assistant] Okay, because it's number of rows by number of columns, so four rows, two columns. This one on the right, this matrix has two rows, so that's the first row, that's the second row, and it has three columns,


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[Assistant] Right? That's the first column, that's the second column, that's the third column. So,


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[Assistant] So we say that the dimension of this matrix is 2 by 3, and sometimes you also see this written out as


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[Assistant] In the case of left, you see this written out as R 4 by 2, or concretely, what people sometimes say is that this matrix is an element of the set R 4 by 2. So this, this thing here, this just means the set of all matrices that are of dimension 4 by 2.


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[Assistant] And this thing on the right, sometimes it's written out as a matrix, that's an R2 by 2. So if you have a C,


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[Assistant] Excuse me, 2 by 3. So if you ever see something like this, you know, R4 by 2 or R2 by 3, people are just referring to matrices of a specific dimension.


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[Assistant] So in the standard notation, if A is this matrix here,


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[Assistant] Then a subscript i j is going to refer to the i comma j entry, meaning the entry in the matrices in the i row and j column. So for example, a 1 1,


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[Assistant] Is we're going to refer to the entry in the first row and the first column. So that's the first row and the first column. And so.


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[Assistant] You know, a11 is going to be equal to 1402. Another example, a12 is going to refer to the entry in the first row and the second column, and so a12 is going to be equal to 191. Just a couple more quick examples.


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[Assistant] Let's see, A, well, let's say A32.


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[Assistant] Is going to refer to, you know, this one, right? Fourth row, first column is equal to 147.


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[Assistant] And if, hopefully you won't, but if you were to write, say, 1 is a 4 3,


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[Assistant] Well, that refers to the fourth row and the third column, but you know, this matrix has no third column, so this is undefined.


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[Assistant] So the matrix gives you a way of letting you quickly organize index and access lots of data.


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[Assistant] And in case I seem to be tossing up a lot of concepts, a lot of new notation very rapidly, you don't need to memorize all this, but on the course website where we have posted the lecture notes, we also have all of these definitions written down. So you can always refer back, you know, either to the slides posted on the course website or to the lecture notes if you forget.


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[Assistant] A41 is that, which row, which column is that. Don't worry about memorizing everything now. You can always refer back to the written materials on the course website you set as a reference.


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[Assistant] So that's what a matrix is. Next let's talk about what is a vector.


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[Assistant] A vector turns out to be a special case of a matrix. A vector is a matrix that has only one column. So if you have an n by 1 matrix, then that's a, remember, right, n is the number of rows, and 1 here is the number of columns. So a matrix with just one column is what we call a vector.


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[Assistant] So here's an example of a vector, right, with, uh, I guess I have n equals four elements here. So we also call this thing, another term for this is that this is a four dimensional vector. It just means that


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[Assistant] This is a vector with four elements, with four numbers in it. And just as, you know, earlier for matrices, you saw this notation that R3 by 2 is referred to 3 by 2 matrices, right? For this vector, we're going to refer this to, to this as a vector in the sets R4. So this R4, again, just means a set of all four dimensional vectors.


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[Assistant] We're going to use the notation yi to refer to the i-th element of the vector y. So if y is this vector, y subscript i is the i-th element. So y1 is the first element, is equal to 460,


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[Assistant] You know, y2 is equal to the second element, right? 232 is the first, that's the second. y3 is equal to 315.


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[Assistant] And so on, and only y1 through y4 are defined because this is a four-dimensional vector.


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[Assistant] index vector, where the elements we write as y1, y2, y3, y4. And this example on the right is an example of a zero index vector, where we start the indexing of the elements from zero.


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[Assistant] So the elements go from y0 up to y3.


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[Assistant] So it turns out that in most of math, the one index version is more common.


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[Assistant] But for a lot of machine learning applications, zero index vectors gives us a more convenient notation.


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[Assistant] So what you should usually do is, unless otherwise specified, you should assume that we're using one index vector.


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[Assistant] Throughout the rest of these videos on linear algebra review, I will be using one index vectors, but just be aware that when we talk about machine learning applications, sometimes, you know, I'll explicitly say when we need to switch to, when we need to use zero index vectors as well.


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[Assistant] Finally, by convention, usually when writing matrices and vectors, most people will use uppercase to refer to matrices. So we're going to use capital letters like A, B, C, you know, X to refer to matrices.


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[Assistant] And usually we'll use lowercase like a b x y.


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[Assistant] To refer to either numbers, uh, just real numbers, or scalars, or to vectors. But this isn't always true, but this is the more common notation where we use, you know, lowercase y to refer to vector, and we usually use uppercase to refer to a matrix.


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[Assistant] So, you now know what are matrices and vectors. Next we'll talk about some of the things you can do with them.


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[Assistant] You got it Michelle, you can do this. You can do it Samira.


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[Assistant] I'm making a matcha cheese sponge cake. Wow. Sounds great.


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[Assistant] You've only got five more minutes. Make decisions. Come on. Come on, guys.


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[Assistant] Alana! Yo. How you going over there?


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[Assistant] Alana, Loki, it is now all gas, no breaks, 20 minutes to go. Come on!


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[Assistant] The Wind in the Willows Episode 76


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[Assistant] Tell me, please, said Toad. They took over Toad Hall, said Rat.


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[Assistant] I think you're in trouble. It's a disaster. Which team will kick the ultimate goal? I love that. This'll be a fan favourite. Have all smiles, George. And which one will be headed to elimination?


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[Assistant] It's an amazing moment. Uhm, I hope I cook really good food for him.


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[Assistant] I'm initially thinking I'm gonna do maybe a fish burger, something with seafood, something just a little bit out of the box. I love a slider, I love a prawn burger. This is the area I think I'm gonna hit. I don't hear that, that, that, that, that, that, that, no, let's just get going.


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[Assistant] And I'm going to do a chilli and lime mayo and some polenta chips.


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[Assistant] I make plenty of chips at home all the time. They're a really delicious side dish and I think they're going to compliment the burger perfectly. Next thing I do is get on to making my prawn patty.


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[Assistant] Time is running out and I really need to start plating. I'm making a prawn burger with chilli and lime mayo and some polenta chips. I take my prawn patty out of the deep fryer. It looks fine from the outside. It's got a bit of goldenness. I'm really happy.


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[Assistant] But then, I take the polenta chips out of the fridge, and I fry one up, and they are a disaster. Oh no. Oh my god.


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[Assistant] If I run to the pantry and get a potato and maybe a beetroot, I can make some crisps.


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[Assistant] Taking something up to the judges that I'm just really not happy with is, is, it's devastating. I wish I had something better to bring. Apologies in advance.


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[Assistant] My polenta chips didn't work out, so I tried to just make a chip so that I at least hit the brief with having a side.


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[Assistant] I'm so embarrassed that I've served the judges a dish that is raw. It's all over for me.


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[Assistant] Going into a pressure test tomorrow, I'm going with a fresh attitude. I pick myself up, I dust myself off, and I go in there fighting.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I recruited Janine because she knows how to French and I need some help. Look at you, yeah.


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[Assistant] This should be easy as, that is a piece of cake in my world. Cook burgers all the time. I'm really confident with today's challenge.


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[Assistant] 75 minutes is definitely enough time for me to create a delicious burger. My approach for today's invention test is just a classic burger. Just a beef burger using the mincer to mince my own meat. Hot tomato sauce. That'll do. Today's challenge is right in my ballpark.


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[Assistant] I'm definitely not trying to reinvent the wheel today. I'm making a classic beef burger with fried pickles and onion rings. I've got my batter for my onion rings and fried pickles and now I'm going to concentrate on getting my meat ground for my burgers.


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[Assistant] The meat that I've chosen for my patties today is short rib and pork fat.


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[Assistant] It's just a beef burger, we're just keeping it really simple. Yep. Uhm, Swiss cheese.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so, uhm, yeaah, just tomato and lettuce and, uh, some onion rings.


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[Assistant] Yeah, bloody hell. I'm gonna have to get going quick smart.


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[Assistant] When the judges cut this burger open, I really want a nice pink center. Not too undercooked, but not too overcooked. Having Gordon in the kitchen is like having a double edged sword.


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[Assistant] You want to impress him, but he's gonna tear your part if you fail.


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[Assistant] I'm trying to achieve a nice medium on this burger.


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[Assistant] I've got no more time left. I need to get this burger out of the pan and onto my burger so I can serve something up to the judges. I'm really stressing out at the moment. I'm just not sure it's cooked through.


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[Assistant] I'm really happy with the way that my burger looks. I'm just worried that the one I've served up to the judges is a bit rare.


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[Assistant] Taking the dish up to the judges, I'm really freaking out about how that burger patty is cooked.


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[Assistant] A beef burger with fried pickles and onion rings.


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[Assistant] I'm definitely concerned about the rareness of the meat.


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[Assistant] I just don't know how it's cooked and when they cut it open, I pray that it is cooked through.


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[Assistant] It's just the worst feeling. I cook burgers all the time. This one should have been a breeze and I have just stuffed it.


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[Assistant] Tomorrow's cook, I really need to focus. I was all over the shop today and I just need to put my head down, bum up and get the dish done.


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[Assistant] The Wind in the Willows Episode 65 Possum's Boat


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[Assistant] What are you waiting for? asked the possum.


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[Assistant] Blurry. Blurry. Blurry. B-L-U-R-R-Y. Blurry. Whenever something is blurry, you can't really see it well.


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[Assistant] For more educational videos, please visit www.SmartLearningForAll.com


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[Assistant] Right, let's meet the three young guns that you'll be versing today.


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[Assistant] Guys, welcome to the MasterChef kitchen. Joe, how do you think you're going to fare against our MasterChef contestants?


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[Assistant] Gavin, do you think having Gordon in the kitchen will throw you off your game or are you relishing that challenge?


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[Assistant] Look, the thing is with Gordon, Gordon's got such an amazing range of experience for that classical French stuff that Shannon has. But he's got pubs, he's got cafes, so you can see him being able to nurture and mentor all three of those cooks in different ways. And you've got to say that's a huge advantage for our home.


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[Assistant] The remarkable stuff for me is the onions in the rice, is the, that chewiness of that really lovely, um, rose pumpkin combined with the marinated goat's cheese and beautifully cooked quail. Look at the colour, great char on the outside and just that gentle pink blush. It's a really


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[Assistant] That is so wonderful. The heat of the ginger and the granita against the cool of the ice is unbelievable. Those potato chips are super thin, super


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[Assistant] I think there's enough vegetables there to make you think there are vegetables.


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[Assistant] Obviously the question is vegetable front and center. I don't, I don't really see vegetables on a plate. Uuuh.


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[Assistant] Gee, we've moved into the Monet part of the gallery.


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[Assistant] And it interferes with the cleanliness of the muscle, um, and the freshness of that tomato.


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[Assistant] What a beautiful combination. That really super cold cucumber sorbet against that yogurt mousse. The freshness of the roll of the cucumber. There's a real herbaceousness and a slight bitterness from some of the flowers in there. It's a thoroughly modern, thoroughly beautiful and thoroughly well balanced dessert that's not too sweet.


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[Assistant] A great day in the kitchen for you, whether you were put off by Gordon or by the environment. Put off by me?


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[Assistant] I don't know why, but I've got a strange sixth sense sometimes. Gavin, I'm sorry, I could only score you dish.


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[Assistant] John scored 21 out of 30. That means you need to score a 22 or more to take out a second pin tonight. Grace, I scored your dish 9 out of 10.


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[Assistant] In this video we will start to talk about a new version of linear regression that's more powerful, one that works with multiple variables or with multiple features. Here's what I mean.


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[Assistant] In the original version of linear regression that we developed, we had a single feature x, the size of the house, and we wanted to use that to predict y, the price of the house, and this was our form of our hypothesis.


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[Assistant] But now imagine what if we had not only the size of the house as a feature or as a variable with which to try to predict the price, but that we also knew the number of bedrooms, the number of houses, and the age of the home in years. It seems like this would give us a lot more information with which to predict the price.


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[Assistant] To introduce a little bit of notation, and we sort of started to talk about this earlier, I'm going to use the variables x subscript 1, x subscript 2, and so on.


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[Assistant] To denote my, in this case, four features, and I'm going to continue to use y to denote the variable, the output variable price that we're trying to predict. Let's introduce a little bit more notation. Now that we have four features, I'm going to use lowercase n


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[Assistant] To denote the number of features, so in this example we have n equals four, because we have, you know, one, two, three.


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[Assistant] For features, and, uh, n is different from our earlier notation where we were using m.


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[Assistant] To denote the number of examples, so if you have 47 rows, uhm, m is the number of rows in this table or the number of training examples. So,


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[Assistant] I'm also going to use x super strip i to denote the input features of the if training example.


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[Assistant] This is going to be a vector of the features for my


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[Assistant] Second training example, and so x2 here is going to be a vector.


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[Assistant] 1416, 3, 240, since those are my four features that I have to try to predict the price of the second house.


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[Assistant] That's an index into my training set, right? This is not x to the power of 2. Instead, this is, you know, an index that says look at the second row of this table. This refers to my second training example. With this notation, x2 is a four-dimensional vector. In fact, more generally, this is an n-dimensional feature vector.


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[Assistant] With this notation, x2 is now a vector, and so I'm going to use also xi subscript j to denote the value of the jth, uhm, of feature number j in the i-th training example.


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[Assistant] So concretely, x2 subscript 3, let's say, will refer to feature number 3 in this vector, which is equal to 2, right? That was a 3 over there, just to fix my handwriting. So x2 subscript 3 is going to be equal to 2.


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[Assistant] Now that we have multiple features, let's talk about what the form of our hypothesis should be.


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[Assistant] Previously, this was the form of our hypothesis where x was our single feature. But now that we have multiple features, we aren't going to use this simple representation anymore. Instead,


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[Assistant] Our form of the hypothesis in linear regression is going to be this. It's going to be theta 0 plus theta 1 x 1.


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[Assistant] Setting of our parameters, we may have h of x equals


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[Assistant] So that's an extra, what, $100 per square feet. Yeaah, plus the price goes up a little bit.


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[Assistant] For each additional floor that the house has, x2 is the number of floors.


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[Assistant] And it goes out further for each additional bedroom the house has, because X3 was the number of bedrooms, and the price goes down.


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[Assistant] Uhm, a little bit with each additional age of the house, with each additional year of the age of the house.


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[Assistant] Here's the form of a hypothesis we've written on this slide, and what I'm going to do is introduce a little bit of notation to simplify this equation.


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[Assistant] For convenience of notation, let me define x subscript 0 to be equal to 1. Concretely, this means that for every example i,


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[Assistant] I have a feature vector x superscript i and x superscript i subscript 0 is going to be equal to 1.


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[Assistant] You can think of this as defining an additional zero feature. So whereas previously I had n features, features x1, x2, through xn, I'm now defining an additional sort of zero feature vector that always takes on the value of one. So now my feature vector x becomes this n plus one dimensional vector that is zero index. So this is now a


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[Assistant] Right, that would be just theta 0, theta 1, theta 2, and so on up to theta n. I'm going to gather them up into a parameter vector written theta 0, theta 1, theta 2, and so on down to theta n.


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[Assistant] This is another zero index vector, so index sign from zero, that is another n plus one dimensional vector. So my hypothesis


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[Assistant] Can now be written theta zero x zero plus theta one x one plus dot dot dot up to theta n x n. And this equation is the same as this one on top because, you know, x zero is equal to one.


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[Assistant] And the neat thing is I can now take this formula hypothesis and write this as theta transpose x.


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[Assistant] Depending on how familiar you are with inner products of vectors,


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[Assistant] If you write out what theta transpose x is, what theta transpose x is, is this uh, theta zero, theta one, up to theta n?


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[Assistant] This is theta transpose, and this is actually a n plus 1 by 1 matrix. It's also called a row vector. And we take that and multiply it with


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[Assistant] The vector x, which is x0, x1, and so on, down to xn.


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[Assistant] And so the inner product that is theta transpose x is just equal to this.


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[Assistant] This gives us a convenient way to write the form of the hypothesis as just the inner product.


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[Assistant] Between our parameter vector theta and our feature vector x and it is this little bit of notation, this little extra bit of notation convention that let us write this in this compact form.


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[Assistant] So that's the form of our hypothesis when we have multiple features, and just to give this another name, this is also called multivariate linear regression, and the term multivariate is just maybe a fancy term for saying that we have multiple features or multiple variables with which to try to predict the value y.


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[Assistant] If I had the immunity pin today, I'd definitely play it. You just never know what's gonna happen. If you go home having not played it, that would be devastating.


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[Assistant] Chloe's piping the moose under the chicken skin, but from what I've seen from everyone else here, she just doesn't have enough.


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[Assistant] This could affect her dish massively. I mean, it's a pretty big part of the dish and if there's no moose there, there's a big risk of her going home.


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[Assistant] Joe's absolutely flying today. She looks like she's in the lead and she's enjoying herself. Ben's on fire. He's working methodically. Must be Gordon Ramsay. I think he's really rubbed off on Ben.


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[Assistant] Watching everyone else cook. Chloe's pushing along. But look, he's looking quite flustered.


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[Assistant] For the consomme, he's kind of just throwing the chicken in and throwing the vegetables in straight away and I'm feeling worried for him.


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[Assistant] How long, Clyde? Are you applying?


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[Assistant] Moki is sassed. He needs to pick up that piece.


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[Assistant] Come on, Yeldo. Oh, Jaina. Really good job.


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[Assistant] Matt's flown all this way to do one thing. To put you under pressure. You feeling it yet?


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[Assistant] The message of Ox is a MasterChef icon.


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[Assistant] It's always the same on the outside, but it's never the same on the inside. Most of the time it contains eight beautiful ingredients. Other times it contains a surprise.


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[Assistant] Underneath those boxes is something that every single Australian will recognize. And you know what's brilliant about it? You can use it to make anything you want, sweet or savory. The only thing it requires is to use it wisely, judiciously, but perhaps even more importantly, that you use your imagination. You may lift your lids now.


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[Assistant] But, the angle is, what do you cook? Your huge repertoire of ideas, what do you narrate down to?


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[Assistant] So, from Russia, Azerbaijan to Italy.


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[Assistant] You've been really clever with the fillings. The pear has still got some texture, which is nice. It reminds you you're eating pear rather than a mousse. Love it.


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[Assistant] People don't need to put protein on a plate to make a delicious, modern, elegant, sophisticated, potentially winning dish. I love it.


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[Assistant] Great noodles, great flavour, I think too much chilli because you lose the flavour of the muscle, but great job. I agree 100%.


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[Assistant] Five brilliant dishes. Fantastic to see you pushing yourself.


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[Assistant] The dish we absolutely loved and gee, it was a hard choice. It just stood up for its variety, its texture, its flavor. Has to be the carrot salad from Sarah. Well done.


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[Assistant] You're now going to walk up those stairs into that gantry safe from the knowledge you're in the immunity challenge later this week where you could, if you could like that, win yourself on those shiny pins. Off you go.


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[Assistant] You'll cook in teams of four. Each of you will cook for fifteen minutes.


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[Assistant] When your time is up, you have just 45 seconds.


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[Assistant] To hand over to your next teammate. There are no pens, no paper.


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[Assistant] Your success depends exclusively on what you say in those 45 seconds. Oh, guys, put your pen if you're gonna get me.


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[Assistant] And here's the kicker. You won't know what team you're on. You also won't know what you're cooking. You won't know who else you'll be cooking with until you enter the kitchen.


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[Assistant] Before your turn to cook, and you draw your apron out of George's bag.


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[Assistant] But, if that's not enough, under the cloche behind me is a special ingredient


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[Assistant] That must be used in your dish in a significant way. This challenge will test you like never before.


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[Assistant] You've already had five minutes, ten minutes to go. Five minutes down.


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[Assistant] But what I'm concerned about, it's a bit like, after you've played the dish, this chocolate ganache crept in, silently just landed on the plate, because there's no reason to be there. It's a pity because it distracts from what's really good on the plate. When you're in the fourth position,


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[Assistant] Your job is to taste and edit and just put the great stuff on the plate.


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[Assistant] The figs are great, you've cooked them long enough so they're broken down and they're extra sweet. Uhm, you've been brave with the blue cheese, which is what stops this dish being too sweet. And by putting it like that, you've given your team every chance of joining Sarah in the immunity challenge. Well done.


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[Assistant] Gina, did you know that this was a honey challenge? I didn't hear it.


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[Assistant] The problem that you have for my money is that the honey element that you've got on the plate isn't very good. Love the ice cream.


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[Assistant] But it's kind of an accompaniment rather than the central element. I find it really sweet though.


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[Assistant] We've seen three teams dazzled like rabbits in the headlights.


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[Assistant] I think to all of us it's obvious which is the winner.


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[Assistant] Please listen. Fine, then bear the consequences.


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[Assistant] I had warned you, do you know why this happened?


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[Assistant] This happened because curd contains lactic acid in it. When curd is stored in containers made up of metals like copper or brass. The lactic acid present in it reacts with the metal and forms metallic salts.


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[Assistant] These metallic salts are harmful. They make the curd unfit for human consumption.


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[Assistant] What's that up ahead? It looks like... Elms! Whoa! They're shooting candy canes! Mayday! Mayday! We're under heavy attack! We need backup!


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[Assistant] Yeah, last week we booked this guy who claimed to be the Tooth Fairy. Can you believe that?


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[Assistant] Besides that, even if we let you go now, your sleigh has been impounded and those reindeer were taken to the city zoo.


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[Assistant] What's that up ahead? It looks like elves. Whoa, they're shooting candy canes!


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[Assistant] Mayday! Mayday! We are under heavy attack! We need backup!


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[Assistant] Last week we booked this guy who claimed to be a tooth fairy! Last week we booked this guy who claimed to be a tooth fairy!


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[Assistant] I'm here to not just prove to the judges, but prove to myself and my family that I can do this and this is going to change my life.


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[Assistant] There's a lot riding on this today. I've just drawn out what I saw earlier because I want to replicate it. And I'm just going to get started straight away.


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[Assistant] I'm determined to make sure that I make no mistakes. I'm taking my time and reading each step perfectly. I really want to stay in this competition today, so I'm just going to fight for it.


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[Assistant] I wrap it around almost like a flower kind of rose shape. I put that into the Dario mold.


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[Assistant] Once I get the red twill mix into a nice thin consistency, I get the comb and come back across with a nice straight clean swipe.


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[Assistant] I do exactly what I did before, but with the yellow mix this time, I go over with the palette knife, nice and smoothly and flat.


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[Assistant] Once the twill has been in the oven for five minutes, I take it out and it's perfect.


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[Assistant] I'm happy with the twill. It's looking nice and thin.


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[Assistant] I'm moving onto the tempered chocolate. It's really important to nail this chocolate.


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[Assistant] In Darren's dish, it added a layer of sweetness, but also that crack, that snap when you break into it, that's what people really love.


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[Assistant] My sponge is in the oven, and I move on to the jelly. That's the hero of the dish.


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[Assistant] The sugar cage antispunge is ready. I move on to the raspberry sauce.


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[Assistant] To plate up, I get the jelly disk out of the mold. I'm gonna nail every single element and I'm gonna get this dish onto the plate.


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[Assistant] One minute to go and I'm happy with all my other elements. I just need to get this tempered chocolate on the plate.


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[Assistant] As I'm walking my dish up to the judges, I'm feeling quite confident. But scared at the same time.


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[Assistant] It was a huge challenge today, like everyone talks about the pressure test and you think like you can do it too but you come in here and you don't realise how much pressure there really is and how fast you have to work. Like I think I was going at a good pace but you've gotta keep stepping it up and I'm mentally and physically exhausted now but it was worth it and I learnt so much. You gonna play it up? Yeah, yeah, sure.


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[Assistant] First, Toad should- You can't tell me what to do? Cried Toad.


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[Assistant] Toad stopped at the gate of Toad Hall. A ferret popped up from behind the gate.


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[Assistant] He pointed a long gun at Toad. Who are you? asked the ferret coldly.


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[Assistant] Look at the fat toad run, shouted the ferret. Toad turned around.


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[Assistant] Is the best school for young boys in England. Began Dr. Huxtable.


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[Assistant] We have the sons of Lord Soames, Lord Lever, and of many other important people. Three weeks ago, Mr. James Wilder, the Duke of Holderness's secretary, came to see me. The Duke, he said, wanted to send his son.


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[Assistant] The ten-year-old Lord Saltire to my school.


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[Assistant] On the first of May, young Lord Saltyer arrived. He's a nice boy. And he soon began to like school life, and to make friends.


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[Assistant] His life at home, you see, was not very happy.


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[Assistant] We all know about the Duke and his wife.


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[Assistant] The Duchess, of course, now lives in the south of France.


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[Assistant] She left the Duke about three months ago, I think. But the boy loved his mother, and was very unhappy when she left. Because of this, the Duke sent him to my school. And after two weeks with us, he was much happier. Then, on the night of the 13th of May, he disappeared.


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[Assistant] The way to his bedroom is through another larger room. Two older boys sleep there. One of them never sleeps very well.


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[Assistant] And he heard and saw nothing that night.


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[Assistant] So young Arthur did not go out through that room. His window was open.


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[Assistant] And there is ivy all up the wall of the house. It is easy to get out of the window and down the ivy to the ground. So we think that he went out that way.


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[Assistant] He was in his usual school things, we think.


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[Assistant] A short black coat and dark blue trousers.


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[Assistant] We looked all through his room very carefully, but we found nothing strange, nothing unusual.


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[Assistant] When I learnt the news at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning, I called everybody into the big schoolroom. Then we learnt more bad news. Heidegger, the German teacher, was missing too.


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[Assistant] Because we found his footprints on the ground under the window.


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[Assistant] We know too that he was only in his coat, trousers, and shoes.


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[Assistant] Because we found his shirt and his socks on the floor of his room. And he took his bicycle with him.


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[Assistant] Heidegger came to the school a year ago. He's a good teacher, but the boys don't like him, because he isn't very friendly. So, Mr. Holmes, we have two missing people. It's now Thursday, and there's still no news of them.


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[Assistant] Holmes took out a little notebook and began to write things down. The boy didn't go home, of course, he said. No, no, we asked at Holderness Hall at once, said Dr. Huxtable. The Duke is very afraid for his son.


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[Assistant] And I am the unhappiest man in England. Mr. Holmes, you are a famous detective. Please help me. You make things very difficult for me, Holmes said.


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[Assistant] How can I find marks in the ivy or on the ground after three days? Why didn't you come to me at once? Because of the Duke, Dr. Huxtable said.


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[Assistant] He doesn't like people talking about his unhappy family life.


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[Assistant] Well, they heard about a boy and a young man at the station early on Tuesday. They looked for them. And last night, they found them in Liverpool. But it was a man and his son going to visit a friend. We lost three days because of that. And last night, I couldn't sleep.


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[Assistant] So I took the first train down to London this morning. Well, Dr. Huxtable, some more questions, said Holmes. Did the boy take German lessons? No.


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[Assistant] So he didn't know the German teacher well then? He probably never spoke to him, said Dr. Huxtable. Hmm, said Holmes. Does the boy have a bicycle? No. Was any other bicycle missing? No. So,


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[Assistant] Did the German teacher ride away on his bicycle in the night with the boy on his back? I don't think so. But what happened to the bicycle? Now, what about visitors?


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[Assistant] Do you open the boys letters, Doctor Huxtable? No.


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[Assistant] Then how do you know that the letter was from the father? I know the Duke's handwriting. And he says that he wrote a letter to his son.


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[Assistant] Did the boy get any letters from France? No, I never saw any.


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[Assistant] Do you understand me, Dr. Huxtable? Hope said.


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[Assistant] Did someone take the boy away or did the boy go freely?


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[Assistant] Because he had a letter from France, perhaps. I don't know, said Dr. Huxtable.


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[Assistant] He only had letters from his father, I think. Were father and son very friendly?


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[Assistant] Not a very friendly man, Mr. Holmes. He's not a bad father, but he is a government minister, and has a lot of things to do.


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[Assistant] So the boy felt more friendly to his mother. Yes. Did he say that? No. Did the duke tell you then? Oh no.


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[Assistant] The Duke never talks about things like that. So how do you know?


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[Assistant] Mr. James Wilder, the Duke's secretary, told me. I see, said Holmes.


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[Assistant] That last letter of the dukes, where is it now? The boy took it with him, Dr. Huxtable said. It's not in his room. Mr. Holmes, our train leaves in half an hour. Right, said Holmes. He looked at me. Watson?


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[Assistant] Let's get ready and go off to the north with Dr. Huxtable.


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[Assistant] Perhaps we can find some answers to this mystery.


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[Assistant] Why is equator hot but poles are cold? Because equator likes hot burgers and poles like cold burgers. Nah. Firstly, around the equator, sun rays hit the ground at a 90 degree angle. Hence, more solar energy falls per unit area, thus making equator hot.


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[Assistant] However, near the poles, since sun rays hit the ground at a lower angle, the rays spread, causing less energy to fall per unit area, thus making poles cooler.


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[Assistant] Secondly, due to the earth's axial tilt. Poles don't receive sunlight for many months during the year. Thus worsening the situation.


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[Assistant] Thirdly, as sunlight takes a long path to reach the poles, it has to deal with a greater number of atmospheric particles which results in more absorption and scattering of sunlight. Thus, less sunlight reaches the poles.


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[Assistant] Lastly, snow at the poles reflects 75-95% of sunlight, which is much more as compared to that reflected by the land around the equator. Hmmm. Topic, human tongue.


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[Assistant] Why does our tongue stick to a frozen pole? Maybe our tongue has a magnet in it. No. Our tongue is always covered with saliva which is about 99% water.


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[Assistant] Aww, it's so kind hearted. Oh, just listen. During cold weather, the metal pole becomes frozen and does not have heat in it. Hence, when we keep our warm tongue on the frozen pole, it draws heat from our tongue faster than the blood can replenish it.


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[Assistant] Why mint tastes cold? Maybe because it is manufactured in Antarctica.


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[Assistant] Not at all. Wait, I'll explain. Our tongue is actually a muscle which consists of many taste buds or receptors. Are they similar to my earbuds? Nah.


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[Assistant] As a result, the brain thinks that something cold is present in our mouth, thus making mint taste cold.


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[Assistant] It is because of latent heat of vaporization. Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to change a unit mass of liquid into vapor. Now, the value of latent heat of vaporization of water is very high. Is it higher than Mount Everest?


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[Assistant] No. The latent heat of vaporization of water is about 22.6 times 10 to the 5th joules per kilogram. Oops. This means it is smaller.


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[Assistant] That sambal is just delicious. Really makes the dish.


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[Assistant] You know the judges love a tar. I know that you can take that to another level.


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[Assistant] You have three elements to worry about. Your curd, your meringue, and your pastry case. Okay? Three.


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[Assistant] Five minutes of your advantage. Five minutes until Jackie comes out.


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[Assistant] Okay, I'm going to get Jackie. Alright? Keep pushing.


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[Assistant] Jess had a choice of two pantries. Yep. One was full of small things.


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[Assistant] Just, just Jackie, just so you know, time goes quickly in this kitchen.


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[Assistant] Jess is moving at a million miles an hour. I like the energy, Jess. Keep pushing.


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[Assistant] Be efficient. You got the recipe down, you know exactly what you're doing with that curd.


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[Assistant] I know your style of cooking is about great ingredients cooked simply in a plate. Do you think that's enough today?


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[Assistant] Well done guys, well done. Great cook to both of you. Now it just comes down to the judges, so nothing else we can do.


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[Assistant] The wind in the willows. Episode 80. Together again.


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[Assistant] Hooray! Here's Toad, said Mole, smiling. It's good to have


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[Assistant] Welcome to the stunning Mount Lofty house in the Adelaide Hills. And welcome to Shannon.


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[Assistant] It's hard to believe that we're only 20 minutes away from Adelaide. And actually, if you stand on your tiptoes, I think you can just about see it.


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[Assistant] This part of South Australia, the rolling hills, green fields.


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[Assistant] Pretty picture postcard towns like Arndor. Anybody been to Arndor?


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[Assistant] If you don't know, some of the farms that grow and rear that beautiful produce were in the pantry at the start of the week. Figs from Glen Ewen, apples from Ashton, and of course those strawberries from Berenberg.


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[Assistant] No strawberry picking today, I'm afraid. Today is all about that immunity challenge. And of course, that immunity pen. And we could be making history today.


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[Assistant] Been in the pantry every single day of the competition so far.


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[Assistant] It's not a juniper berry, it's a muntry, which is a little native berry.


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[Assistant] Against a top professional chef.


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[Assistant] The two of you, this is how it's gonna work. Khan, you'll have 75 minutes.


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[Assistant] Jin, because you're the professional here, you're gonna get 60 minutes. Nice.


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[Assistant] You also won't know what you're cooking with until your time starts.


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[Assistant] You have to know too that this is a blind tasting. So Matt, George and I will have absolutely no idea who's cooked which dish.


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[Assistant] So Jin, are you ready for this? Yes, I'm ready. Time to head around to the front of the hotel until it's your time to cook.


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[Assistant] So, in terms of heroing Vegemite, then it's lost on me.


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[Assistant] Professional chef, an amateur cook, and one very curly, if not delicious ingredient. Shannon?


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[Assistant] And Jin, I scored you a 6 out of 10.


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[Assistant] Gin, difficult challenge.


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[Assistant] And we struggled in all honesty to make sense of that dish.


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[Assistant] That means you've scored 17 out of 30. Yeah. Khan, you need 18 or more to beat Jin and win that pin.


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[Assistant] According to the law of large numbers, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials should be close to the expected value, and will tend to become closer as more trials are performed.


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[Assistant] The law of large numbers is important because it guarantees stable long-term results for the averages of some random events. So let's take an example.


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[Assistant] While a casino may lose money in a single spin of the roulette wheel, its earnings will tend towards a predictable percentage over a large number of spins.


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[Assistant] That's how the casino can confidently pay its monthly bills.


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[Assistant] Another example would be if we took a six-sided dice and rolled it many times.


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[Assistant] The average of their values, sometimes called the sample mean, is likely to be close to 3.5 with the precision increasing as more dice are rolled.


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[Assistant] Yes. I'm hoping for a bit of seafood and steak, but that's just me.


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[Assistant] I love immunity challenges. We get to watch the guest chefs cook. And Jin is so organised. How you going? Uh, I'm using white onion.


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[Assistant] Once Jin gets his onion and garlic cooking, he starts mixing some Vegemite with butter.


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[Assistant] Jin still hasn't added any Vegemite to his risotto, and he's really gonna be cutting it fine if he's gotta adjust those flavours.


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[Assistant] To start the entree, I start mixing the dough, Huda's peeling the prawns, and Janine's working on the rest of the filling.


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[Assistant] It's such a huge task that we put on ourselves today. We need three dumplings per plate, which means we need at least 150 dumplings. We decide to go with 180 to make sure that we have a buffer zone in case some break. It's going to be a little bit tight. We're going to use some machines to help us roll out the wrappers. So it's going to come down to how long it takes us to wrap them all.


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[Assistant] Oh, they look so pretty, guys. Jenny, you're wrapping them so good. It's teamwork. We're walking so well together.


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[Assistant] Khan is working on his dough and it's starting to split. He's wasting a lot of time.


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[Assistant] Alright. Now listen. Any substance is said to be transparent when particles of visible light called photons are not absorbed by the substance and thus, they easily pass through the substance.


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[Assistant] Whether a substance will absorb the photons or not depends upon the gaps present in between the orbits of electrons of that substance.


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[Assistant] If the gaps in a substance are small, then the electrons of that substance are able to absorb the photons. Which pass through those gaps, making the substance opaque. However, in glass, the gaps are big. Hence, most of the photons do not get absorbed. They easily pass through those gaps, making glass transparent.


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[Assistant] This means it is much cooler than ordinary ice, which is made up of water. If dry ice comes in contact with our skin, our cells begin to freeze and die within seconds, thus giving us severe frostbite.


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[Assistant] But why? This is because dry ice sublimates. That is, it directly gets converted from solid state to gaseous state. Hence, in airtight containers, the gas produced can build up and exert pressure on the walls of container which can lead to a dangerous explosion.


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[Assistant] I'm very happy with my ingredients. The choice of ingredients gives me a chance to be creative and elevate to the next level. So, I'm gonna go all out.


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[Assistant] Mmm, what are you doing? Making a roti stuffed with banana, cinnamon, and brown sugar. Sounds terrible.


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[Assistant] Samira was done a great job. She has pretty much done everything. And it's gonna be a great niche.


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[Assistant] Okay, what I was told is the dish is fig with mascarpone cheese and crumbs. We are making a pretty fancy cheese ball. The crumbs are in the oven getting ready. The fig is done.


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[Assistant] The pistachio praline should just crunch like a cracker.


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[Assistant] Mixing the mascarpone cheese is one of the main components in the dish.


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[Assistant] It's a mascarpone and cheese. But I'm not happy with it.


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[Assistant] Aldo is good with desserts. He can come up with something brilliant to complete the dish.


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[Assistant] I'm really happy with the ingredients that I chose with my $20. I'm going vegetarian and just really highlight one element.


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[Assistant] Let's go into these carrots. So I'm gonna make a carrot salad, which is carrot done seven ways. I'm doing a roasted carrot puree. I'm cooking the Dutch carrots in some carrot juice, carrot biscuit, some roasted carrot tops and some fresh carrot tops, as well as some fresh carrots and a carrot and whey caramel.


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[Assistant] I'm gonna try and be really creative and step outside of my comfort zone.


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[Assistant] I know only using one element in my cook is a risk, but I think it'll be worth it.


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[Assistant] I'm using every part of the carrot, I'm using the skins, the carrot top and I'm pureeing them. Because I'm only using carrot, I need to make sure that there's enough carrot flavour in all parts of my dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've done my carrot puree and roasted off my carrot tops. Now I'm moving on to my third element and doing my carrot caramel.


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[Assistant] I'd use carrot juice instead of water in my caramel.


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[Assistant] I just wanted to step outside of my comfort zone. It's a chance to, you know, experiment and step outside of your box. Hopefully I'll have enough time to get everything on my plate.


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[Assistant] I'm really happy. I think it's delicious. So uhm, there's a lot of carrot flavour in there and hopefully I'll get tasted today.


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[Assistant] I'm not sure how the judges will feel about it, but even though there's no protein in it, I absolutely love it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a carrot salad. I've done carrots seven ways. Roasted carrot puree. Dutch carrots in some carrot juice. Carrot biscuit. Some roasted carrot tops and some fresh carrot tops. As well as some fresh carrots and a carrot and whey caramel.


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[Assistant] I'm a little bit flabbergasted. Oh my gosh, I'm, I'm through to immunity. It just seems so surreal. Such a good feeling.


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[Assistant] Number three, wow, wow, wow, wow. Lemnik.


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[Assistant] Hello everyone, welcome to EnglishPod. Today I'm here with Erika. Hi Marco. And I'm Marco.


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[Assistant] Right, asking for time off. Or asking for leave. Asking for leave, right. Right, so we're gonna give you some great phrases and vocabulary for when you want to ask for leave.


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[Assistant] So, let's just listen to our dialogue today. We're at an office where Liv wants some time off.


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[Assistant] Well, she wanted to take off for 30 days, so...


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[Assistant] A long time. That is a long time. I wish I could do that. Yeah. Okay, we have some great words for you today, so let's start with our language takeaway.


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[Assistant] Four words on our language takeaway today. Erika, why don't you tell us the first one?


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[Assistant] Ten vacation days. Ten vacat- Well, in some countries, uh, their ten vacation days is normal. In other, I guess, it's ten, fifteen, even twenty I've heard.


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[Assistant] Over the ocean to another country. Exactly. Okay, overseas. Okay, and our third word for language takeaway, unpaid leave. Unpaid leave. Unpaid leave.


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[Assistant] Simple. Right. Unpaid leave. And our last word, notice.


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[Assistant] So we have some great examples on how we use notice and from these examples, I'm sure you'll be able to understand exactly what they mean. Example one.


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[Assistant] Right, 15 day notice, or a 20 day notice, etc.


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[Assistant] Great, so that's our language takeaway for today. Now we are ready to listen to our dialogue a second time, and this time it's gonna be really slow.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I guess it's a kind of a difficult subject.


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[Assistant] Great, so why don't we take a look at putting it together.


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[Assistant] Okay, so I'm putting it together today. We're gonna talk about some, uh, great phrases that you can use when approaching your boss.


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[Assistant] Yeah, do you have a sec? It's really natural. Okay, so you've asked your boss for leave, and you want to make sure that he agrees with you.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I guess when you're talking to your boss, you really have to be respectful and you have to use really polite language.


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[Assistant] Well, she said a couple of interesting phrases. For example, well, I was just wondering. Yeaah, I was just wondering. Right? Like, well, she's kinda setting up to ask for a favor or something. Yeaah.


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[Assistant] Yeah, she also said, I was just hoping that...


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[Assistant] Yeah, because if she said, well, I want to take some time off, that's too strong.


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[Assistant] And then, well, the boss says, okay, well, when do you want to leave? And she says, well, I was thinking of, uh, right? I was thinking of...


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[Assistant] Again, if she would have said, I want to. Yes. Too strong, right?


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[Assistant] Okay, so great tips and great things to take into consideration the next time you're talking into your boss.


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[Assistant] A Thai bean salad can be quite tricky to balance because they need to be sweet, salty, spicy and sour. I just hope just a sweet tooth doesn't get her in trouble.


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[Assistant] A hundred badgers will attack, I said. They will hide in the barn with guns.


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[Assistant] Rats will attack from the river, I said.


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[Assistant] Oh, what about the toads? asked Toad. The toads will attack with clubs, said Mole.


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[Assistant] A gang will charge through the garden!


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[Assistant] They ran here and there, shouting. Oh, Mole! cried Toad. You warned them! You spoiled everything! Mole, said Badger.


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[Assistant] So you get that earthiness, so I'm thinking the grape vines, the red soil.


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[Assistant] I'm really inspired by the red dirt underneath the grape vines. I want to try and replicate that in Absurd.


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[Assistant] So today we're going to be doing a smoked chocolate mousse with a sorbet that's going to have some wine, we're going to have a chocolate soil, we're going to incorporate some beetroot into that, and then with some fresh grapes on the plate as well. See the colour?


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[Assistant] We're just doing a practice plate up of our dessert. Now the crumb needs to go around and over most of it.


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[Assistant] The sort of food you're putting up here, the sort of techniques that you're playing with in this amazing space.


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[Assistant] There's one element there that I don't think I've seen on an Australian restaurant menu anywhere else around the country.


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[Assistant] And that's a totally cutting edge type element that I think is going to bake your noodles.


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[Assistant] And I don't think that's gonna be very much the thing today. There are so many elements. And we know that I think only one of the contestants has done everything.


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[Assistant] So that, that, that's good. That gives us a, a chance to see how those absent flavors affect the balance of texture and of taste in a dish. And I think that's where we're gonna find the difference between who stays and who goes.


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[Assistant] But the other thing that I love is the fact that that's actually a snow and it's super fine. And looking really pretty.


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[Assistant] Outstanding job. You know, the caramelization of the white chocolate, absolutely spot on. The snow, cascades, it's got that lightness. All the textures there, all the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well Janina, a big closh covering some big hopes. Are those hopes going to come true? Or are you going home today?


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[Assistant] That if you've eaten the original, you'll be craving that Christmas, those extra little punches of flavour, but, until we taste it, we can't pass judgement.


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[Assistant] We're leaving the sweetness, so it ends up being quite a sweet dessert, whereas yours is a lot more balanced and it has all those facets of a lemon meringue pie, but with the sophistication of the herbaceousness of the fennel, which sadly is missing in this dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Translates to sophistication on the plate. Everything is there, even those fennel shots you had problems with. She's put them on, but they've got a bright green color and a smart movement on their presence just brightens up the dish. I'm excited to taste.


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[Assistant] The texture variation, the lemon hit, the brightness of the ginger. And I'm sitting here now, I'm just getting that fennel coming through at the end. That's close to your dish. Delicious to eat, great balance, really good job.


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[Assistant] Flat layers of flaky pastry. And I hope that doesn't impact too much on how putters vs. yaw lemon meringue pie works.


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[Assistant] By leaving out the, the pheotene from those little rochers, they become quite coconut heavy. And it's really interesting. The flavor you're getting is kind of white chocolate coconut rough with lemon, rather than lemon meringue pie. Texturally, you know, pheotene.


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[Assistant] No crispy pearls, you're losing that kind of crispy element, potentially, could cost further.


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[Assistant] So Janine, Hoda, it comes down to the two of you and it comes down to the dish that you cooked today.


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[Assistant] But your caramelized white chocolate hadn't been pushed far enough and it just lacked that savouriness and that intensity. But, uh, your lemon curd parfait balls were also absolutely brilliant. But by missing the fiatine and those crispy pearls,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In texture, it really requires to be lemon, meringue.


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[Assistant] However, all that said and done, one of those dishes didn't have the same balance of flavour.


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[Assistant] And was just lacking too many elements. And that's why I'm sorry Janine, you're going home.


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[Assistant] Exactly. Oh, sure. Like, to attain to the ground.


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[Assistant] There's no room for you to make a mistake with any of the components. And you haven't. This is sensational.


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[Assistant] And today we're bringing you another great lesson about appointments.


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[Assistant] It's a really common situation sometimes. You have an appointment at the doctor's or something. Or at work. And you have to cancel it.


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[Assistant] And it's gonna be a little bit fast in the beginning, but when we come back, we will explain all the great vocabulary.


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[Assistant] Okay, we have some really interesting words that you probably listened to in this dialogue, so let's start with language takeaway.


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[Assistant] Great, the second word that we have is inconvenience.


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[Assistant] So to make things a little bit difficult, or to make things a little bit, uhm.


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[Assistant] Post phone. Post phone. Post phone.


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[Assistant] Okay, some great words there, and uh, we can listen to our dialogue a second time at a slower speed.


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[Assistant] Alright, so in this dialogue we had some really great phrases that we should look at in Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] Right, and now the interesting thing is that many people don't know how to answer this phrase.


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[Assistant] Alright, so the next time someone tells you what's up, now you know what to answer.


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[Assistant] Okay, our second phrase is, can't make it.


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[Assistant] Right, so, if you're having a party today, I say, oh I'm sorry, I can't make it.


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[Assistant] Our last word for Fluency Builder, this thing came up. This thing came-


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[Assistant] So, I can't make it today because this thing came up. Like, something...


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[Assistant] So let's listen to our dialogue a third time and now we're ready to understand everything.


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[Assistant] So uhm, when we were playing in the World Cup, Ecuador was playing and, uh- Not you, but- Well, no, like-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, I mean it was like the first time we were ever in the World Cup and you know, my boss didn't really put up much of a fight because I guess he also wanted to go watch the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, there you'll be able to find more resources and also a large community to interact with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. So, we'll see you there. Until then, it's... Bye!


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[Assistant] Chapter 7 The Duke's Son When the duke said this, I was very surprised. But Holmes was surprised too.


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[Assistant] This is news to me, he said. Can you tell me more? The duke stood up and walked round the room for a minute. I must tell you everything, he said. I didn't want to talk about it, but I must. I see that now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He sat down again and began his story.


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[Assistant] When I was a young man, Mr. Holmes, I was in love. Oh, so much in love. It only happens to you once. And this woman was the love of my life.


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[Assistant] I wanted her to be my wife, but she died. She left me this one child, and I loved him because of her. When I look in his face, I see her, and remember her, and can't stop loving her. I must have the boy near me because of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a government minister cannot tell the world about a love child like this. So, to the world, James is my young secretary, not my son. He knows that I am his father. He hates the Duchess because she is not his mother. And he hates my younger son, Arthur.


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[Assistant] Because Arthur has everything. Arthur has a name. A famous father. Houses. Money. Everything. James has nothing.


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[Assistant] But he is just Mr. James Wilder.


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[Assistant] And he wants to be the Duke of Holderness one day. That's not possible, of course. But James can't understand that. And so, you see, I was afraid for Arthur.


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[Assistant] And that's why I sent him to Dr. Huxtable's school.


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[Assistant] And what does James do next? He kidnaps my poor Arthur. It changes nothing, but James can't see that. He wants me to say, Yes, James.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you can be my first son. You can have everything. Arthur can be the number two son. But I can't do that. Of course I can't.


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[Assistant] James knew this man Hayes, you see, because Hayes worked for me once. James asked for Hayes' help, and the man was happy to do it. You remember my letter to Arthur on that last day? Well, James opened the letter and put in a note from him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That evening, he cycled across the moor, and met Arthur in Ragged Shore. He talked about the Duchess, Arthur's mother. She wants to see you, he told Arthur. She's waiting on the moor. Come back at midnight, and a man with a horse can take you to her. Of course, poor Arthur wanted to see his mother. So he came.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hayes was there, with two horses, and they rode across the moor. But the German teacher followed them, and Hayes killed him. Hayes then took Arthur to the green man.


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[Assistant] Well, Mr. Holmes, I knew nothing about any of this until the murder. James is a bad boy, but he does not murder people. When he heard the news, he came to me at once, crying. What could I do? I didn't want the world to know about this. So James went down to the green man. He told Hayes to run away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I couldn't say anything to the police just then.


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[Assistant] So, Mr. Holmes, now you know everything. Hmm, said Holmes. You help a murderer, you say nothing to the police,


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[Assistant] You leave your young son in a dirty inn, and you ask for my help.


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[Assistant] People never spoke to the Duke of Holderness like this, usually. His face was red, but he said nothing. First, said Holmes, we must bring Arthur home. Yes, the Duke said quietly. Holmes quickly wrote a note and took it out of the room. A minute later he was back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, what are you going to do about Mr. James Wilder? he said. I understand you, Mr. Holmes, said the Duke. James is leaving me and going to Australia next week. Good, said Holmes. And the Duchess?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps without James in the house, you and she...


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[Assistant] Yes, I wrote to the Duchess this morning. Home stood up. Well, he said, Watson and I can go home now, I think. There is just one other small thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This man Hayes took two horses across the moor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the horses feet made the tracks of a cow in the mud. How was this possible?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Duke looked surprised and thought for a minute. Then he went away and came back two minutes later with a glass box in his hands. In the box were some horseshoes.


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[Assistant] We found these shoes under the ground in the garden, the duke said. They are about five hundred years old, we think.


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[Assistant] The Holderness family has a long and interesting past.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holmes opened the box and took out one shoe. It was a shoe for a horse's foot, but it looked like a cloven cow's foot. Holmes wet his finger and ran it round the bottom of the shoe. A little mud came off on his finger. Thank you, said Holmes. He put the horseshoe back in its box.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That shoe is the second most interesting thing in the north of England, he said. And the first? asked the duke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holmes took the cheque for £12,000 from the table and slowly put it into his notebook. I am a poor man, he said. He looked lovingly at the notebook, then put it carefully in his pocket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chapter 6 La Carlotta Sings Margarita


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[Assistant] On Friday morning, La Carlotta had her breakfast in bed. She drank her coffee and opened her morning letters. One letter had no name on it. It was very short. You are ill. You cannot sing Margarita tonight.


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[Assistant] Stay at home and don't go to the opera house. Accidents can happen. Do you want to lose your voice? Forever.


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[Assistant] She got out of bed at once and did not finish her breakfast. This is from Christine Dai's friends, she thought. They want her to sing again tonight. That Dai girl is going to be sorry for this. Aye, la Carlotta.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am the best opera singer in Paris.


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[Assistant] And nothing is going to stop me singing Margarita tonight.


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[Assistant] At six o'clock that evening, the dancers were in their dressing room. They talked and laughed and put on their red and black dresses for Faust. But Meg Giri was very quiet. What's the matter, Meg? Annie Sorelli asked. It's the opera ghost, Meg said. My mother says he's angry. She's afraid that something's going to happen tonight.


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[Assistant] Oh poo, the girl with black hair said. Who's afraid of an old ghost?


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[Assistant] An hour later, Monsieur Armand and Monsieur Firmin went into Box 5 and sat down.


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[Assistant] Monsieur Armand saw some flowers on the floor by the door of the box. Vermain, he whispered.


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[Assistant] La Carlotta did not sing for the first hour. There were no strange voices in Box 5, and the two directors began to feel happier. Then, La Carlotta came out onto the stage, and Monsieur Fermin looked at Monsieur Armand.


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[Assistant] Did you hear a voice just then? he asked quietly. No, Monsieur Armand said, but he looked behind him twice, then three times, and suddenly felt cold.


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[Assistant] La Carlotta sang and sang and nothing happened. Then she began a beautiful love song.


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[Assistant] Everybody stared. What was the matter with Carlotta's voice?


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[Assistant] What was that strange noise? Quack. Carlotta stopped and began the song again.


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[Assistant] It was the noise of a toad. People began to talk and laugh. Monsieur Fermin put his head in his hands. Then he felt Monsieur Aumont's hand on his arm. There was a voice in the box with them, a man's voice, laughing. Poor Carlotta tried again and again.


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[Assistant] Then, the two directors heard the voice again. Behind them. In front of them. Everywhere.


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[Assistant] The two directors looked up at the top of the opera house. Their faces were white. The famous chandelier with its thousand lights


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[Assistant] Broke away from its ropes and crashed down onto the people below.


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[Assistant] That was a terrible night for the Paris Opera House. One woman was killed by the chandelier and many people were hurt. The Opera House closed for two weeks and La Carlotta never sang again.


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[Assistant] This is Madeleine Wright for BCC News reporting live from Washington DC, where very shortly the new president will deliver his inaugural address. Just moments ago, the president was sworn into office following the United States Constitution.


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[Assistant] And the president has been honored with a 21-gun salute. Now we're waiting for the president to take the stage and deliver his speech. Tom, it's like the who's who of the political world here on Capitol Hill, with dignitaries representing several different countries.


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[Assistant] The excitement in the air is palpable. I've never seen a larger crowd here on Capitol Hill. The audience is shouting, crying and embracing each other.


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[Assistant] On this most historic day, you can feel the hope and the excitement in the air.


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[Assistant] This is Madeleine Wright for BCC News reporting live from Washington DC, where very shortly the new president will deliver his inaugural address. Just moments ago, the president was sworn into office following the United States Constitution.


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[Assistant] Well, Tom, true to American tradition, the band has just played Hail to the Chief, and the President has been honored with a 21-gun salute. Now we're waiting for the President to take the stage and deliver his speech. Tom, it's like the Who's Who of the political world here on Capitol Hill, with dignitaries representing several different countries.


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[Assistant] In a word, the mood here is electric. The excitement in the air is palpable. I've never seen a larger crowd here on Capitol Hill. The audience is shouting, crying, and embracing each other.


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[Assistant] On this, a most historic day. You can feel the hope and the excitement in the air.


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[Assistant] You know how there's that girl who looks just like you when she's here but lives in another dimension and she's a pony princess? Uh huh. Flash kinda had a thing for her.


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[Assistant] Rainbow, I know you're excited, but maybe give somebody else a chance to make a suggestion. Arts and crafts! My mom needs...


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[Assistant] Her brother is pretty cute though, huh?


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[Assistant] Hey, you okay? You seemed a little freaked out on the bus earlier. Probably had another one of her nightmares.


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[Assistant] You weren't ready to have that kind of power. But it's over now.


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[Assistant] And if there's any group that's gonna forgive you for something that happened in the past, trust me, it's this one.


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[Assistant] Maybe lay off bringing up what happened at the friendship games. I think she's still pretty sensitive about it.


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[Assistant] Hey, I know you don't want to, but I really think we need to figure out what's going on with your magic.


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[Assistant] I need to run off to chase squirrels. Do you have any idea where Twilight could be? I really need to talk to her.


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[Assistant] But if letting it go for now is what the rest of you want...


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[Assistant] I thought you talked her out of it. Because I would. Twilight, you can't leave.


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[Assistant] Yes, last time I turned in something amazing, but I've let magic turn me into a monster too.


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[Assistant] So if anyone understands what you're going through, it's me.


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[Assistant] I can help you Twilight, and the rest of our friends can be there for you too, but not if you run away.


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[Assistant] Come on, that's obviously just a spooky story you made up to tell around the campfire.


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[Assistant] Legit, huh? I think we just found our Gaia Everfree.


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[Assistant] You heard what he said about wishing his sister would sell this camp.


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[Assistant] If nobody wants to come here because it's home to some angry ancient nature spirit, it sure would help its cause. We should tell Twilight.


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[Assistant] We should probably be a hundred percent sure before we tell her the guy she likes is a jerk who's trying to run everybody out of camp.


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[Assistant] None of us do. Which is why we shouldn't pretend this isn't happening.