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[Assistant] I scared away the entire army. Wukong boasted. But there are still three powerful demons on the mountain. They plan to capture Master and, well, eat him.


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[Assistant] Don't worry master, said Wukong. We won't let those demons harm you. But we do have to destroy them before we cross the mountain. It's good that we discovered their plan before we went up the mountain.


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[Assistant] I know you're planning to capture and eat the tang monk.


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[Assistant] West. Chapter 96. Wind and Fog.


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[Assistant] Said the Tang monk. Wukong waved his hand.


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[Assistant] A dark fog filled the sky and then disappeared. The Tang monk was nervous.


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[Assistant] High above the road, a fat monster was sitting on the edge of a cliff. Several little demons sat next to the monster. Wukong flew up to get a closer look.


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[Assistant] The fat monster appeared to be concentrating. Suddenly...


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[Assistant] He covered one nostril with a finger, closed his eyes and blew hard.


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[Assistant] Wukong returned to his companions, who were waiting alongside the road.


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[Assistant] It's probably time for lunch, said another. The monster stood up.


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[Assistant] The war in France was over.


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[Assistant] Well it's someone who helps you with your work around the office. Okay.


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[Assistant] And we're back. Tony, haha, he's surprised, huh?


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[Assistant] Yes, for now let's look at some interesting vocabulary and phrases here. Marco, I know you've chosen one for us.


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[Assistant] Okay, I've chosen another interesting word for you and that's understaffed. Understaffed. Understaffed.


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[Assistant] Means that they don't have enough people working there.


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[Assistant] Yes, actually it's very obvious that it means that it's just not a good time.


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[Assistant] So, to take weight off my shoulders is another way of saying to help me with my work or to take some of my work away from me.


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[Assistant] Now the last phrase we're going to look at here in this dialogue is keep our costs down. Keep our costs down. Keep our costs down. Keep our costs.


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[Assistant] So, to keep our costs down means to try and not spend so much money.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, so in other words, they do not want to have unnecessary spending.


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[Assistant] Well, you know Marco, I think that Tony was really surprised because he was kind of hoping to have a female intern.


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[Assistant] Right. And in turn, Marco, do you want to elaborate on that?


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[Assistant] Yes, definitely. Uhm, actually I, I know a friend of mine, she used to work as an intern in one of those really big companies and she told me that she has gained so much experience doing that.


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[Assistant] Yes, you should definitely do that. And Marco and I would love to receive your comments and suggestions that you can leave on our community forum. But for now, it's time for us to say bye.


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[Assistant] Yes, said Wukong. Why did you tell the judge that the Tang monk and his companions killed me?


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[Assistant] Cockroaches don't die easily because they have a strong, flexible exoskeleton. It helps them withstand weights which are up to 300 to 900 times their own body weight.


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[Assistant] Yes. Cockroaches can even hold their breath for around 20 minutes in water and can survive without a head for a week.


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[Assistant] Oh dude, from where do you get such ideas? To explain arthritis, we need to first understand what a joint is. A joint is a place where two bones meet.


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[Assistant] When there is inflammation, swelling or pain in one or more joints, then it is termed as arthritis.


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[Assistant] The cause of arthritis depends upon the type of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. In this disorder, our immune cells mistakenly start attacking the tissue surrounding a joint and thus damage it. This leads to inflammation, swelling and pain in the joint.


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[Assistant] Osteoarthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in a joint gradually breaks down and wears away. As a result, the bones begin to rub against each other, causing swelling and pain in that joint. Why is space black? Because somebody forgot to pay the electricity bill. No.


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[Assistant] Our sun is a huge star, which emits a tremendous amount of light. However, like our sun, there are so many stars in the universe that counting them is almost impossible. So, if there are so many stars, the space shouldn't be black or dark, right? Absolutely!


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[Assistant] However, this is not the case. According to a study, this space appears black because the universe is expanding.


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[Assistant] This expansion is causing the visible light emitted by the stars to stretch out so much that when it reaches our eyes, they cannot detect it. As our eyes cannot detect any visible light, the space appears black to us.


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[Assistant] Moreover, light has a specific speed limit.


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[Assistant] However, when water freezes, its molecules arrange themselves in a hexagonal pattern, thus giving the crystal a hexagonal shape.


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[Assistant] The branches grow identically thus making the snowflake symmetrical.


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[Assistant] But since every snowflake follows a different pattern to the ground. It encounters different atmospheric conditions. Hence, it is said that no two snowflakes are the same. They all tend to be unique.


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[Assistant] I'd like to check in please, I have a reservation under the name Anthony Roberts.


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[Assistant] But there must be some mistake. My reservation was for a standard room.


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[Assistant] I'd like to check in please, I have a reservation under the name Anthony Roberts.


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[Assistant] Right. There I go. Putting my foot in my mouth. When will I ever learn?


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[Assistant] But then, like can mean a lot of different things, can't it? Cause there's liking, and then there's... liking.


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[Assistant] Yeah. But forget about him for now. Just focus on yourself, okay?


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[Assistant] He's planning to use the Black Materia, but I won't let that happen. He has to be stopped by a Sectra.


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[Assistant] Chapter 105, The Thunder Clap Monastery.


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[Assistant] The Tang Monk stopped walking and turned to his companions.


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[Assistant] Added Bajay. He waved a hand toward the horse.


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[Assistant] The Tang monk and his companions reached a large hall. Buddha sat at the opposite end of the hall.


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[Assistant] Guan Yin was standing next to Buddha and smiling. The travelers bowed.


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[Assistant] Wukong's heart swelled. He wiped a tear from his eye.


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[Assistant] Speechless, the monk gazed at the scrolls, and he handed them to Wu Jing and Bajie.


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[Assistant] The guard recited a spell and then flew out of the monastery with the travelers. Buddha turned to Guanyin.


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[Assistant] Journey to the West, Chapter 103, The Land of the West.


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[Assistant] Inside the coffin, the Squire's body was grey and lifeless.


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[Assistant] Wukong leaned over the coffin and recited a spell.


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[Assistant] Said Wu Jing. The Squire is coming back to life! Said the Tang Monk. Bajie licked his lips.


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[Assistant] Squire Koo sat up and smiled. Thank you, Wukong.


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[Assistant] He climbed out of the coffin and turned to his wife.


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[Assistant] tears filled her eyes. The two embraced.


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[Assistant] That night, Squire and Lady Ku held a feast to thank Wukong.


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[Assistant] And the next morning, they let the travelers leave without any argument. Good luck! Called Lady Ku as they departed.


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[Assistant] Through rain and snow, heat and cold, they slowly continued west.


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[Assistant] One day the road went into a beautiful land. There were flowers and magnificent trees. People smiled at the travelers and offered food. The Tang monks stared in amazement.


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[Assistant] Said Wu Jing, pointing to a row of tall buildings.


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[Assistant] At the gate the monk got down from his horse. A young man greeted them.


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[Assistant] Said the monk. He waved toward the rest of the group. And these are my companions.


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[Assistant] After their baths, the Tang monk put on the Buddhist robe Guanyin had given him.


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[Assistant] The road continued west, through a land even more beautiful and magical.


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[Assistant] Birds sang as animals leaped playfully through the flowers.


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[Assistant] In the distance stood a huge mountain. Its peak was hidden by clouds. The Tang monk stared silently at the mountain. Wukong put his hand on the monk's shoulder.


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[Assistant] A smile spread across the monk's face. The travelers thank the immortal.


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[Assistant] Filled with energy now, they hurried down the road.


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[Assistant] And I will gladly carry you across again. Hop onto my back.


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[Assistant] Nick, how's it going? Oh, hey. What are you doing in this neighborhood? Do you live around here?


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[Assistant] It was great to meet you last week at the conference. I really enjoyed our conversation about foreign investment.


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[Assistant] Sure, my name is Anna Faris. Don't worry about it. It happens to me all the time. I'm terrible with names too.


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[Assistant] I'm sorry I forgot to respond to your email, it just slipped my mind.


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[Assistant] What are you doing in this neighborhood? Do you live around here?


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[Assistant] It was great to meet you last week at the conference. I really enjoyed our conversation about foreign investment.


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[Assistant] Sure, you still have my contact details, right?


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[Assistant] Sure. My name is Anna Faris. Don't worry about it. It happens to me all the time. I'm terrible with names too.


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[Assistant] It was great to meet you last week at the conference. I really enjoyed our conversation about foreign investment.


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[Assistant] Sure, my name is Anna Faris. Don't worry about it. It happens to me all the time. I'm terrible with names too.


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[Assistant] Well, it turns out that you can get too much of that, too. Most people need 7 to 9 hours of sleep.


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[Assistant] We're even higher in people who overslept than in those who slept too little. So the links are there. Sleep correlates with all kinds of health problems. But it's hard to say whether too much sleep actually causes these issues. It's totally possible that oversleeping is actually a symptom of things like depression or heart disease.


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[Assistant] Chapter 2 The Winning Ticket


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[Assistant] Jason Williams came home and sat down on his bed. He was 22 years old.


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[Assistant] He lived with his father and mother in three small rooms at the top of a tall building. Every day he went out, but he did not go to work. Jason stole things.


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[Assistant] Sometimes he stole things from shops or cars.


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[Assistant] And sometimes he stole money from old people, like Emma Carter. Today, he was angry.


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[Assistant] I took that old woman's bag, he thought. What did I get?


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[Assistant] And it was an old cheap bag too.


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[Assistant] He bought five tickets every weekend. He put Emma's lottery ticket in his pocket and forgot about it. Then he went out for a drink.


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[Assistant] At the hospital, a nurse put Emma to bed in a room with five other women.


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[Assistant] There was a television in the room, and at eight o'clock, everybody watched the lottery. For a minute, Emma watched too.


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[Assistant] But she felt very tired and soon she closed her eyes and slept.


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[Assistant] So she did not hear the winning numbers for that week's lottery.


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[Assistant] On Sunday at 12 o'clock, Jason got out of bed and made some tea.


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[Assistant] Then he opened his father's newspaper and found the winning lottery numbers.


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[Assistant] Five, twelve, twenty-three, twenty-four, thirty-eight, forty-one. He checked his five lottery tickets. No, good, he said.


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[Assistant] He remembered the old woman's ticket and checked those numbers too.


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[Assistant] Five, twelve, twenty-three, twenty-four, thirty-eight, forty-one. He checked them three times. Six winning numbers. I'm a winner, he said. He kissed the ticket.


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[Assistant] Then he ran into the living room and kissed his mother. Here, what's the matter Jason? said Lily Williams. Jason sometimes hit her, but he did not usually kiss her. Her cigarette fell out of her mouth. The lottery!


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[Assistant] On this week's Winner Mum, look, six winning numbers. I'm rich. Jason's father came into the living room. What's all this noise? he said. Joe, Joe, said Lily.


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[Assistant] Jason's got six winning numbers in the lottery. We're rich. Wrong, said Jason. I'm rich.


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[Assistant] His mother and father began to speak at the same time. But Jason did not listen.


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[Assistant] He went out to the telephone box in the street.


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[Assistant] And made a very important telephone call.


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[Assistant] On Monday morning, a policeman came to the hospital with Emma's new shoes.


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[Assistant] A little girl found them in the street and took them to the police station. He said, how kind of her, said Emma. We found your bag too, said the policeman. But there's nothing in it, Mrs. Carter. I'm sorry.


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[Assistant] It doesn't matter, said Emma. I'm very pleased to have the bag.


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[Assistant] My son gave it to me a long time ago. He lives in Australia. But he telephones me every week. And now...


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[Assistant] That evening an ambulance took Emma home. She made a cup of tea.


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[Assistant] And sat down to watch the television news.


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[Assistant] The newsreader smiled into Emma's living room.


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[Assistant] And now for this week's lottery winner. The winning numbers were...


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[Assistant] And here is the man with the winning ticket, Jason Williams. Jason is 22 and now he's a rich man.


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[Assistant] He's got a cheque from Sunshine Lotteries for five million pounds. That's a lot of money. Well, Jason, how are you feeling tonight? Wonderful. And what are you going to do with your money? Oh.


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[Assistant] I'm going to buy a house with 50 rooms and a big expensive car. I'm going to go to New York, Miami.


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[Assistant] Emma looked at the young man on the television.


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[Assistant] Jason Williams had a big smile on his face, but he had long dirty brown hair, brown eyes. Emma sat up quickly. That's the man, she thought. I remember his face.


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[Assistant] He hit me and snatched my bag and stole my lottery ticket. My winning ticket with my winning numbers. She got up and went to the telephone. Hello, police, she said.


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[Assistant] Wukong and his companions walked through the western paradise.


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[Assistant] The road weaved through a field of flowers and toward the Spirit Mountain.


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[Assistant] He sat on the edge of the boat as Wu Jing led the horse aboard. Ba Jie and Wu Kong followed.


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[Assistant] The boat soon reached the other riverbank and the travelers stepped out.


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[Assistant] As they walked up the slope of the Spirit Mountain, the Tang monk laughed in amazement.


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[Assistant] Everybody laughed as they continued up the mountain.


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[Assistant] It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. Fahrenheit 451 opens in a blissful blaze, and before long, we learn what's going up in flames.


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[Assistant] Ray Bradbury's novel imagines a world where books are banned from all areas of life.


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[Assistant] The protagonist Montag is a fireman responsible for destroying what remains. But as his pleasure gives way to doubt, the story raises critical questions of how to preserve one's mind in a society where free will, self-expression, and curiosity are under fire.


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[Assistant] In Montag's world, mass media has a monopoly on information, erasing almost all ability for independent thought.


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[Assistant] On the subway, ads blast out of the walls. At home, Montag's wife Mildred listens to the radio around the clock, and three of their parlor walls are plastered with screens.


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[Assistant] At work, the smell of kerosene hangs over Montag's colleagues, who smoke and set their mechanical hound after rats to pass the time.


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[Assistant] When the alarm sounds, they surge out in salamander-shaped vehicles, sometimes to burn whole libraries to the ground.


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[Assistant] But as he sets tomes ablaze day after day like black butterflies, Montag's mind occasionally wanders to the contraband that lies hidden in his home.


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[Assistant] Gradually, he begins to question the basis of his work. Montag realizes he's always felt uneasy but has lacked the descriptive words to express his feelings in a society where even uttering the phrase once upon a time can be fatal.


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[Assistant] Fahrenheit 451 depicts a world governed by surveillance, robotics, and virtual reality, a vision that proved remarkably prescient, but also spoke to the concerns of the time.


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[Assistant] The novel was published in 1953 at the height of the Cold War.


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[Assistant] This era kindled widespread paranoia and fear throughout Bradbury's home country of the United States, amplified by the suppression of information and brutal government investigations.


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[Assistant] In particular, this witch hunt mentality targeted artists and writers who were suspected of communist sympathies. Bradbury was alarmed at this cultural crackdown. He believed it set a dangerous precedent for further censorship, and was reminded of the destruction of the Library of Alexandria and the book burning of fascist regimes.


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[Assistant] He explored these chilling connections in Fahrenheit 451, titled after the temperature at which paper burns. The accuracy of that temperature has been called into question, but that doesn't diminish the novel's standing as a masterpiece of dystopian fiction.


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[Assistant] Dystopian fiction as a genre amplifies troubling features of the world around us and imagines the consequences of taking them to an extreme.


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[Assistant] In many dystopian stories, the government imposes constrictions onto unwilling subjects. But in Fahrenheit 451, Montag learns that it was the apathy of the masses that gave rise to the current regime.


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[Assistant] The government merely capitalized on short attention spans and the appetite for mindless entertainment, reducing the circulation of ideas to ash.


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[Assistant] As culture disappears, imagination and self-expression follow. Even the way people talk is short-circuited, such as when Montag's boss, Captain Beatty, describes the acceleration of mass culture. Speed up the film, Montag.


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[Assistant] Bang, smack, wallop, bing, bong, boom, digest, digests, digest, digest, digests, politics, one column, two sentences, a headline, then in midair, all vanishes.


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[Assistant] In this barren world, Montag learns how difficult it is to resist when there's nothing left to hold onto. Altogether, Fahrenheit 451 is a portrait of independent thought on the brink of extinction and a parable about a society which is complicit in its own combustion.


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[Assistant] Dive into other works of classic literature with our reading series playlist.


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[Assistant] Some writing is not meant to be read by others and that's good. Sometimes we want to write just for ourselves. Sometimes we want to write and not even reread what we have written for ourselves and that's fine too. But within this class a lot of the writing we do is going to be


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[Assistant] Respond to them, think about them, advance knowledge further. So we really want other people to read and respond to our writing.


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[Assistant] People working with me in this class, even if we all together tried to read it, we probably can't.


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[Assistant] I want to pause for a second because I want to make sure I emphasize that even if I had a class that was just comprised of 12 students,


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[Assistant] I wouldn't be the only person responding to the student writing. I don't think that's effective.


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[Assistant] Throughout this course, I'm going to be modeling different strategies for feedback so we can do it in the most productive way possible. Some people are very comfortable sharing their writing with others and some people get really nervous and so we want to be able to embrace all kinds of writers and have everybody working together.


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[Assistant] And I'll also say at the outset that this is a workshop. We're a writing workshop, a writing seminar. We are all working on improving our writing. I am working on improving my writing too, so.


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[Assistant] There are many different occasions for responding to writing.


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[Assistant] Understood it, that they're thinking about it, that you inspired them to think in a certain way.


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[Assistant] Sometimes this interaction happens in writing, right? We read other people's ideas and then we might write something of our own in response. It might not be like a direct response to the author, but academic writing is about interacting around writing.


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[Assistant] Other times we respond in order to summarize another's ideas. Let's think about what this writer said and make sure we understand it.


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[Assistant] Think about his or her terms and, and try to work through it in that way.


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[Assistant] Provide a draft of a text and somebody will give feedback, helping that writer think about how that piece can be stronger or what other ideas he or she might consider.


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[Assistant] And finally, the least pleasant version of response is this one, evaluation. I'll put a frowny face there because I don't really like that. I really can't stand evaluating other people's writing.


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[Assistant] This is probably the version that many of us are most familiar with, especially in school because we are used to.


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[Assistant] Writing something in order for it to be determined to be really good or really not good or somewhat good.


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[Assistant] And then we get a grade attached to it or we get accepted or rejected from, uh,


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[Assistant] Uhm, the evaluation is an important part of the process.


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[Assistant] Uhm, writing is evaluated in, in order to accomplish things. Sometimes we have to submit, subject ourselves to the evaluation process, but I'm much more interested in this part.


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[Assistant] Uhm, we're gonna think about our approaches to response.


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[Assistant] With these two key terms, positive and constructive. Okay positive means that I want us to notice


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[Assistant] Think about that reading other people's writing will help you be a stronger writer. I will keep repeating that throughout, so it's really true. So notice what works in order for you to help that writer think about what he or she can continue to do


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[Assistant] In that project or in others and then also what you might want to admire and model, uhm, in your own writing. And then constructive. Have it be productive, help writers move forward. In the I am a writer segment,


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[Assistant] Uhm, and I have heard some students say, well, just


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[Assistant] And if that's you, that's okay. That's good. Uhm, that's not me. I don't respond well to that. Uhm, for my own writing, I kinda would get either defensive or I think I get hurt feelings. But anyways, uhm, I do think you can still offer constructive feedback to a writer.


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[Assistant] Uh, and even, even sometimes saying that something is not, is not working. In fact, this morning I got an email from an editor that said that the conclusion of a piece that I'm writing, uhm, should be stronger. And so,


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[Assistant] Kind of tough love people, uhm, who wants to really...


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[Assistant] One of the most helpful ways that you can respond to other writers is just to summarize what they say. Reflect back to a writer what you heard or read in his or her piece.


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[Assistant] In your feedback. As we're talking about the writing process, we


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[Assistant] Responding to other people's writing will help you be a stronger writer. So spend time really actually making sure that what you are saying to another person is, is deliberate and that you've revised it and thought about it carefully.


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[Assistant] There are two different ways that you might inflect your response when you're writing something that's positive. I like to attribute it to you, right?


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[Assistant] You did this well. Your introduction is great.


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[Assistant] You raise a really important question at this point, okay? Because that feels good, right? Like you did this. A writer wants to hear that. However, when you're saying something more constructive, such as the conclusion might need to be rethought,


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[Assistant] Uhm, you might want to say the paper, right? Attribute it to the paper or the project rather than the writer because then


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[Assistant] Uh, if a writer is inclined to, to feel sensitive about his or her writing, at least it's kind of distancing. It's not you, right? It's the project. So revise the conclusion of the project, not your ending is not as good as it should be, right?


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[Assistant] One of the most powerful ways of responding to people is just to ask questions.


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[Assistant] Ask more questions about what you want to know about her, why they arrived at a certain thought.


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[Assistant] We're, our first exercise in response is going to be you responding to one another's introductions to themselves as writers, the I am a writer piece. For this piece, we're not revising it, so you don't need to say, uhm,


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[Assistant] You know, think about adding this next time, right? But you can ask a lot of questions and you can be very positive. So I have some structured ideas for you. I don't often offer templates for writing because I actually want to encourage you to be very experimental with your writing.


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[Assistant] But for this first response, I do want to offer you some suggestions. You could certainly go off list if you want, but if you're looking for templates, here are a few things that you can say to one another as you're responding to the I am a writer. First of all, again, be interactive and positive.


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[Assistant] So, you might say things like, I really liked.


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[Assistant] You could also write that you admired a way that that writer approached certain part of the essay or a certain part of the project or approached a writing experience in his or her life.


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[Assistant] And then finally the questions, right? Say, uhm, ask the writer, you know, I'd like to know more about this or what about this or what other experiences did you have? Uhm, all of us are going to be


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[Assistant] Projects and if you notice that someone hasn't gotten any responses yet, please choose that person because we all want to know that people have read our writing.


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[Assistant] Now, when you choose a law career, the moment you embark, there is that joke you're bound to hear, a lawyer is a shark. Ignore that, it's simplistic and it's dumb. Only some of you will turn out sharks, just some.


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[Assistant] Our topic is blood in the water. Kids, it's time you faced.


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[Assistant] Let us say you teach a class at Harvard Law School, a position that you're justly proud about.


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[Assistant] Except you two. I'd rather not see Ratty Corduroy or Legally Blonde again today.


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[Assistant] Ah, but without that gator, we wouldn't be celebrating with champagne. We'd be dead in the water.


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[Assistant] Elle Woods trusts her gut and has shown more legal smarts than most my staff.


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[Assistant] She won this round, making her a good lawyer. And, uh, while we'd still love to hear that alibi she got, by keeping it, she's never compromised the client's trust, making her a great one.


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[Assistant] Which is more than I can say for you, Warner. Be useful. Go get me a coffee.


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[Assistant] You have instincts and instincts, legal or otherwise, can't be taught. Trust your instincts.


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[Assistant] It's been nice working with you, Ms. Woods. You can show yourself.


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[Assistant] Hello English learners and welcome to EnglishPod, my name is Marco.


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[Assistant] Exactly, and that's why it's so fun today. Uh huh. Okay great, so before we listen to our dialogue, let's take a look at our vocabulary preview.


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[Assistant] So Erica, what is it when someone is inconsiderate?


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[Assistant] I think we all did when we were children. Okay, so now let's listen to the dialogue for the first time. It's gonna be kind of fast.


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[Assistant] I think everyone gets kind of angry, but we're gonna talk about this a little bit later. Why don't we take a look now at our language takeaway?


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[Assistant] So when something is not a big deal, it's... Not a big problem. It's not important, right? Exactly. Okay, let's listen to some examples.


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[Assistant] Now let's look at our second word and it's switch it off. Switch it off. Switch it off. Switch it off. So this word means to turn it off. To turn something off. Now we can use it in three different ways.


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[Assistant] Right, so for example, I can say, Did you switch off your phone?


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[Assistant] Right, or simply you can ask, did you switch it off?


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[Assistant] Okay, so I can say, for example, switch off the TV.


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[Assistant] We had to do it a couple of times. Okay, now let's look at our last word, and it's can't hear a thing. Can't hear a thing. I can't hear a thing. Can't hear a thing. Okay, we have some examples for this phrase, so let's listen.


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[Assistant] Exactly, I can't hear anything. It's too loud. Right. So now we are ready to listen to our dialogue a second time. It's gonna be slower.


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[Assistant] Perfect, so now we are ready to look at putting it together.


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[Assistant] Okay, so let's listen to some examples on how you can use this phrase in different situations.


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[Assistant] Depending on your voice and how you use your tone, it could be a little bit sarcastic, right?


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[Assistant] Yeah, exactly. I mean, in English, you have to be careful because your tone of voice tells the other person how you're feeling if you're angry, sad, or just like in any other language.


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[Assistant] Exactly. So now that we've talked about all these great things, we can listen to the dialogue a third time, but it'll be at its normal speed.


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[Assistant] Well, in Ecuador and in South America, usually people can bring in food from the outside. Really? Yeaah, so it's not really uncommon, depending on the city, uhm, to find people bringing in chicken or some sort of like really smelly food.


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[Assistant] I could not live with that because the whole purpose of going to the movies is to have some popcorn and relax and have a good time. You can't have a movie with


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[Assistant] Yes, and I hope also that you visit our website at EnglishPod.com and leave all your questions and comments.


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[Assistant] Don't worry about it, it's not such a big deal.


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[Assistant] Without the men in white, and the needles, would you get better there?


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[Assistant] How are you Erika? I'm doing great Marco and you? Excellent, I'm doing really well and I'm really excited about our lesson for today.


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[Assistant] Exactly, and today, as Erica mentioned, we have an intermediate lesson. And not only is it intermediate, but it's a business lesson.


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[Assistant] Great, so why don't we take a look at our vocabulary preview for today.


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[Assistant] Okay great, so that is what vocabulary preview is. We have two words for you today, and we can start off by looking at the first one.


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[Assistant] Drive sales. Drive sales. To drive sales, and that means? To increase sales. Right, to sell more. Exactly, so to drive sales. Okay, so now let's look at our second word.


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[Assistant] And it's an interesting one, it's promotion. Promotion. Promotion. Promotion. So Erica, what is a promotion exactly?


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[Assistant] Okay, so I can give you an example. Suppose that I want to buy shampoo. And if I go to the supermarket and I see buy one and get one free.


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[Assistant] Great. So, we are ready to listen to our dialogue. It's gonna be pretty fast, so it might be a little bit difficult to understand.


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[Assistant] We're gonna talk about him later on in the show, but now let's take a look at our language takeaway.


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[Assistant] Exactly, so we have three words for you today. Let's look at the first one. Match the competitors. Match the competitors. Match the competitors.


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[Assistant] Great, so we have some examples for you so you can listen and try and see if you can figure out what match the competitors really means.


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[Assistant] Exactly. I can say, for example, English pod is the best language pod in the market.


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[Assistant] I don't know what's going on. Exactly, but we're not. So we're gonna give you some examples and try and guess what it'll never fly really means.


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[Assistant] Great, so now we've seen a lot of useful phrases and we are ready to listen to our dialogue a second time, but this time it's gonna be slow.


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[Assistant] Alright, so now it's time for us to take a look at Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] Right, and we have three of these words for you today. Yeaah. Let's start with the first one. Okay, so often students will say something like... I'll be here soon. Or...


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[Assistant] Okay, so, be here any minute. He'll be here any minute. It just sounds a little bit more natural.


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[Assistant] Great. Okay, so let's move on to our second phrase for Fluency Builder.


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[Assistant] Right, so you can say something like, we are thinking about a sales strategy.


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[Assistant] But in the dialogue, we heard something a little bit different, so let's listen to it.


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[Assistant] So consider sounds like a pretty natural way of saying it, right?


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[Assistant] I like that word. Okay, so we're ready to listen to our dialogue again, a third time, but at its normal speed.


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[Assistant] And you can tell because they are a little bit scared of talking and he cuts them off with saying, oh it's a bad idea, give me a better idea and stuff like that.


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[Assistant] No, I think that's true. Definitely, if you have a boss that's encouraging and motivating like that.


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[Assistant] Great, so be sure everyone to visit our website at EnglishPod.com and where you can find a lot of other information and really good resources to continue improving your English.


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[Assistant] The last two standing will make it into the semi-final and possibly win Master Shift.


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[Assistant] Time starts and I start jotting down some ideas. I've gotta go savoury. I know I've got beautiful seafood in the pantry and I wanna try to my strengths. I would love to do another crab bisque. I did one last week and it went down really well.


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[Assistant] It's bony and intense. One of your best dishes. Being in so many eliminations and pressure tests throughout the competition has really defined me as a cook. I learn something new every time.


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[Assistant] Uh, get over to the pantry, I notice this beautiful snapper and some blue swimmer crabs.


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[Assistant] Pretty close to my food dream, cooking on a boat. No fishing involved, which is a bit disappointing, but yeah, this is as good as it gets. Before MasterChef, I was just a tradie who loved cooking for my friends and family. I suppose that's why I never expected to make it this far.


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[Assistant] I really want to get this bisque started. Really letting those flavours develop. Look at you running! I've got to. What's the dish?


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[Assistant] I cook seafood a lot in this competition and it's really my thing. I want to do that as a career. I've really got to make sure that I get the flavors right.


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[Assistant] I grab some lemon thyme and a couple of leaves of bay. To boost the flavour I add some vermouth.


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[Assistant] Let that reduce down and then add some white wine, letting that reduce down again.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I'm not feeling too bad. The bisque is underweight. I'm starting the sous-bise now. I've got my onions going. Sous-bise is pretty much an onion puree. It starts off by cooking the onions down in butter, then adding a small touch of cream and pureeing everything together.


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[Assistant] For the seafood platter, I want a number of elements of seafood to go along with the bisque. I grab a coral trout. And some King George Whiting.


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[Assistant] My main concern with the dish is with such a delicate fish, the coral trout and the whiting, the bisque and the sous-vide could overpower the fish.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I've got to get some kind of vegetables, I think, on the dish. Just something to complement the fish and the purees, but also try and add some acidity into it. Uh, I find some beautiful Dutch carrots. I think about roasting them.


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[Assistant] With lemon and some lemon thyme. Just sort of break the dish from the sweetness and the richness of the bisque. Punch it up with some acidity. And balance the whole thing out.


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[Assistant] At this point I'm just thinking about pan frying the coral trout and the whiting, but to get them cooked perfectly is gonna take a lot of time balance and I don't think I've got time to do that. Timing, timing, timing.


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[Assistant] Steaming the whiting, there's less of a chance to overcook it and it could really take this dish to the next level. We'll just see how we go for time.


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[Assistant] Yes Gary? There's a lot on the line today.


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[Assistant] Khan's already in the semi-final and there are two positions still left and I desperately want one of those.


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[Assistant] I'm really happy with the taste of the sous-bise, so I get it on the plate.


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[Assistant] I take the coral trout off the heat. I've really got to check on this whiting.


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[Assistant] It's baking in the oven. And looking alright? Uh, it'll be a couple of minutes away. Timing, timing, timing.


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[Assistant] I'm really starting to stress I might not even get all the plates plated up. I strain off my bisque and get it into the serving jugs.


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[Assistant] It's definitely been playing on my mind that this could be my last cook in the MasterChef competition. I really don't want that to be today. I've put everything I've got into this cook.


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[Assistant] Uh, the enormity of it all. So, the pressure's got to you? Yeah, it has. First time then? Uhm, yeah, it would be.


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[Assistant] What are you guys going for? I'm thinking of fruit.


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[Assistant] So if I went like a really delicate type of seafood?


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[Assistant] The contrast of heat and cold is really sensational.


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[Assistant] La la la la, la la la la la la. La la la la la, la la la la la.


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[Assistant] Ben Sashikan, there's one last thing you need to know, and that's who you're gonna cook for today. When we were thinking about who should be the guests,


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[Assistant] We go back to the old MasterChef for which MasterChef is a, it's a supportive place.


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[Assistant] And we thought we should take that supportive attitude to the guests that we invite.


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[Assistant] These guests all stood where you're standing right now.


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[Assistant] To celebrate our 10th anniversary, you'll be feeding former MasterChef contestants.


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[Assistant] At the end of today, one of you will be going home.


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[Assistant] I love the flavour of the chicken, but I just think when you're doing an event like this, you could finesse it by using a beautifully roasted bit of bird. A little bit too much like homestyle.


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[Assistant] That is not what I expected. This is a pavlo with berry gelato and champagne foam. That looks...


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[Assistant] I love this idea of a menu that respects his heritage and also his upbringing. It's interesting given the fact we've got three very different desserts. All great desserts.


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[Assistant] We love this day because I think the semi-final is a chance to really see the best three contestants kind of slip their traces and cook their own food.


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[Assistant] But this has made it so much more special having all of you here and having so many of you done wonderful stuff and we sit there and remember everything you've done so thank you all so much for coming.


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[Assistant] But before I get too teary, I know what you'd want to do is thank the Class of 2018 for the meal they've done.


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[Assistant] Let me bring them out. Shannon, Ben, Khan and Sashi.


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[Assistant] So, Khan Sashi, it comes down to the two of you, and it comes down to the dishes that you cooked today.


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[Assistant] Khan sashiet comes down to the two of you. It comes down to the dishes that you cooked today.


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[Assistant] We love the way that your menu reflected your heritage, but also your childhood memories.


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[Assistant] You also brought us a thoroughly modern dessert. Honeycomb was like superbly airy, the ice cream satiny, but your chocolate mousse was heavy and more like a ganache.


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[Assistant] It wasn't as sophisticated as we would have hoped. But for dessert, your pineapple tart took a classic and gave it new life. We loved it.


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[Assistant] Khan, Sasha, an incredibly close competition you are through.


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[Assistant] You got different fish, different cooking times. It's hard to bring all that together. It's not an easy thing to do in a restaurant environment, let alone a boat in the water.


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[Assistant] The chicken is nicely cooked, but you don't get that same flavor as you do when it's cooked with rice.


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[Assistant] For me, the yuzu custard's like, nice. And with this crunchy black sesame sabley, that's really nice.


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[Assistant] Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Brilliant.org slash SciShow to learn how you can take your STEM skills to the next level.


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[Assistant] Regeneration is the ability of some animals to regrow lost body parts. It's famously found in lots of invertebrates, like sea stars and flatworms. And though vertebrates can regenerate too,


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[Assistant] How much varies from group to group. Some fish and amphibians can regenerate nearly perfect limbs, and many lizards can regrow semi-functional tails. But other groups like snakes, birds, and mammals


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[Assistant] We typically don't think of crocodilians as regenerating animals, but there have been reports as far back as the early 20th century of alligators, caimans, and crocodiles regrowing parts of their tails. However, the 2020 study is really the first to explore the tissues involved.


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[Assistant] Specifically, these scientists examined three juvenile American alligators who had lost and regenerated the tips of their tails, an average of 15 centimeters per tail. These were not perfect recreations. The scales and color patterns were different from the original tails.


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[Assistant] And while the regrown tips had all-new blood vessels and nerves inside, they did not have bones.


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[Assistant] A normal tail contains a row of vertebrae, but these tips were supported by a rod of cartilage instead. So far, these are all patterns that also hold true in lizards, another group famous for regrowing their tails. But there was one big feature that the gators were missing. Regenerated lizard tails also regrow skeletal muscle.


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[Assistant] But the gators did not. Instead, their regrown tail tissue was a lot like scar tissue in a healed wound. This makes the gator tails a little less complete than regrown lizard tails. It probably means the gators


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[Assistant] This is where the Gators study could be really informative. The Gators aren't quite as good at regeneration as lizards, but they are better at it than birds, so they might be a sort of middle stage


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[Assistant] is a shared feature across groups of reptiles, then somewhere along the line, birds' ancestors seem to have lost this ability.


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[Assistant] And so did the ancestors of mammals. Regeneration of appendages is common not only in reptiles, but also in fish and amphibians.


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[Assistant] So it's most likely an ancestral ability that existed early in vertebrate evolution. It's more likely that birds and mammals lost the ability than that all these other groups picked it up. The truth is, we don't know for sure why some groups have lost regeneration. Part of the answer is that regeneration is a trade-off. It can be very useful.


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[Assistant] But it takes a lot of energy and resources away from other body processes. Some scientists have suggested that the laws of regeneration might be related to the evolution of warm-bloodedness, or the development of the specialized immune systems of mammals and birds. But there are no solid answers yet. We'll need more studies to know for sure, but this could tell us


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[Assistant] About what makes birds and mammals different, or at least why our bodies heal so differently.


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[Assistant] It's wild to think that regrown alligator tales can teach us about evolution, but if you want to learn more about how our world fits together,


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[Assistant] There's Brilliant. Like their new Statistics 1 course, which is all about how we use limited datasets to learn about the whole.


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[Assistant] We can never know everything, so statistics is the math of making really good guesses. Brilliant has loads of other courses as well as short challenges posted every day. If you're interested in learning more, you can get 20% off an annual premium subscription at brilliant.org slash SciShow.


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[Assistant] I'm Tim, I'm 28, I'm from Sydney, and I'm a Butchershop assistant.


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[Assistant] I'm really, really excited to actually cook this dish that I've got in my mind today. Really, really big fan of duck.


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[Assistant] I work at one of the most renowned butchers in Australia. A top shop like here.


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[Assistant] I want to get an apron, so I'm going to do what I can to do in order to achieve that and not hold back.


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[Assistant] I'm just taking the orange skins out. They're nice and dry now, so I'll macerate that with some salt. The bento's coming along nicely. Yesterday at my cook, I was pretty happy with the way it went.


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[Assistant] I was also pretty disappointed when, you know, Matt said no.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I guess I maybe accepted it as a challenge, and I just wanted to show him that I'm meant to be here. Got a duck breast which has an orange salt, a duck and orange sauce, and I've got burnt fennel. There's a lot riding on this sauce, I want to make sure that I extract as much flavour as possible.


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[Assistant] I need to make sure I get enough resting time before I slice into it.


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[Assistant] It's really, really exciting. I'm finally here. It's where I really want it to be. So, let's just get this done.


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[Assistant] The pressure's really on at the moment. There's so many wonderful cooks out there.


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[Assistant] It's going to be tough, but they're gonna have to cook for their lives.


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[Assistant] That's right, so Meatsmith have also been supportive in that side, so they want to be able to stock my products. I'm gonna start with some pickled jalapenos, some morito, which is like a chipotle in honey, and hopefully it'll expand to other things, so really excited. Wow.


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[Assistant] Uhm, I've been going out with my wife for a number of years and when I was 20 she said you needed a decent job. So I joined the police.


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[Assistant] The large cities, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, uhm, had their own police forces, but then the towns, the little towns had, so Huddersfield, Barnsley, Dewsbury, Wakefield, Halifax, all had their own small forces.


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[Assistant] And the cities were all seen as much tougher in terms of detectives, in terms of the way we interviewed.


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[Assistant] By 74, the small bearers Leeds City and Bradford City were amalgamated with the county.


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[Assistant] The larger force became more detached, I suppose. Officers were moved around, and therefore the knowledge and the closeness with the community.


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[Assistant] Knowing the criminals, knowing the prostitutes in their area, knowing the informants who gave them information, a lot of that was lost with amalgamations.


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[Assistant] And now for the first time, we have a serial killer on our hands.


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[Assistant] In those days, policing was your life. It wasn't a job.


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[Assistant] So the whole of the force was frustrated, worried, anxious, because it can't solve it.


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[Assistant] Three murders, all in the same area, similar circumstances, body left in a similar way. The only thing they did find was a tire mark.


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[Assistant] You take a photograph of the tire mark, you take a plaster cast of the tire mark.


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[Assistant] You've got thousands of actions to try and trace these people. You also don't want them to know.


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[Assistant] That you're looking at the tyres because clearly they would change the tyres.


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[Assistant] Jim Hobson thought, well he's clearly got means of transport, let's start putting teams into Chapeltown. Taking number plates of cars that were in that area at the relevant times.


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[Assistant] More and more people hours are being spent on this and focused on it. It becomes the number one subject, the number one topic. So the chief looks, what can I do? I can't let it go on as it is. We've got to make some changes.


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[Assistant] Uh, a sort of dour Yorkshireman. They see George as a county man, taking over these crimes, which are largely city crimes.


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[Assistant] They will be thinking, we've dealt with a lot more murders than he has. How's he gonna solve this?


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[Assistant] She wasn't a bit like any other. She wasn't in their category at all. You don't let your kids go out in the street. It's just shocking for a young lass like that. She was beautiful.


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[Assistant] MasterChef has given me a career. There's no way that I'd be in the industry if it wasn't for MasterChef.


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[Assistant] Pork and prawn wontons with crispy, silken tofu, green onion pancake.


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[Assistant] I'm Tim, 28, I'm from Sydney. I work currently in a butcher, just completely retail. I've been there for a good three years now.


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[Assistant] Today I'm cooking roasted ribeye and roasted cabbage with smoked beef fat and miso butter. You guys still with me?


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[Assistant] Stunning, stunning job. I'm a mate guy, as, as you can tell.


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[Assistant] So I pan-seared it, finished it off in the oven. I had the actual rib at about 45 degrees internal and then rest.


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[Assistant] So, lovely little ribeye here obviously. We've got some balsamic pickles here. We've got branded dry-edge beef fat, which I've just smoked with some iron bar.


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[Assistant] Today we are going to have the chance to begin to think in earnest about talent and expertise and critical reading. One of the main strategic goals of this course is to help you become stronger critical readers and so today I'm going to talk about a variety of approaches to that and over the course we'll learn more.


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[Assistant] It's important to be a critical reader and an active reader because we wouldn't want to just wait to passively try to identify what a writer is saying to us.


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[Assistant] That's difficult because again, academic writing is meant to be an ongoing interactive conversation where you read what other people have written and you interact and you advance knowledge forward and then rethink perhaps some ideas that have come. The only way we can do that is if we really engage actively with


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[Assistant] This involves reading and rereading and rereading. You probably don't want to do marginal annotations the first time through a text. You do sometimes want to just leisurely read a text and enjoy it. And then you go back a second or a third time and keep thinking about what that writer has said and make some marginal annotations.


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[Assistant] I have a list here of possibilities for you to write in the margins so you can come back to it and you can see the possibilities.


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[Assistant] In addition, you want to note any significant concepts. Those significant concepts might be different depending on why you're reading a piece of writing, right? We all approach scholarship for different reasons and we're all working on different projects, so what's significant to me for my project might be very different than what's significant for someone else.


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[Assistant] And then there are also perhaps parts of the text that are significant, uhm, based on the writer's argument.


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[Assistant] You can note key terms, uh, pieces of text that if it was online, it might be tagged, right? That you could, you could have a running list of key terms and concepts from the text.


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[Assistant] The last one that I can think of right now is contradictions and tensions. Perhaps a writer says one thing earlier in the text and then something else later in the text and it seems like it's ambiguous or contradictory or there's some kind of tension operating in the text.


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[Assistant] I have here pages 13 and 14 from Coil's The Sweet Spot, so I can take you through with an example from Coil's text of how I would annotate this text, uh, or how I do annotate the text. And I'll apologize in advance again for my handwriting, I'm sorry.


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[Assistant] Probably what I would do is underline meet Brunio and meet Jenny because I like that pattern and that repetition. I like the two word sentences. I would notice that.


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[Assistant] I would also circle that term because I am unfamiliar with soccer and I'm unfamiliar with that term. I might actually write it out so I could have it kind of, so I could digest it a little more and then it would remind me that I want to go look that term up and learn more about what that term is.


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[Assistant] I would also notice that we're working here with


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[Assistant] Is he suggesting that strategies that work for an 11 year old will also work for a 24 year old and that strategies in all over the world are, are the same? Is he making a universal argument that people who are 90 and people who live in all different places in the world? So that's something that I'd wanna


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[Assistant] They are seeking out slippery hills. Like Clarissa, they are purposely operating at the edges of their ability, so they will screw up. And somehow screwing up is making them better. This sounds to me a little bit like, uhm, screwing up is okay. You know, it's okay to make mistakes, right? So, I write mistakes.


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[Assistant] The end goal seems to be nailing the move and Jenny sings the measure perfectly. And this seems...


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[Assistant] To kind of validate perfection in a way and so I guess I'm starting to wonder what the


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[Assistant] And then finally, any time a writer asks a question, I notice it and I put an asterisk there because I think academic writing is largely about posing important questions. And if a writer has thought a question is important enough to put in a text, I would want to think about why it's significant. With this question, I would actually ask why it's significant.


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[Assistant] Matter if other people can read what you've written, just come up with a notation system. You could put,


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[Assistant] Positives for things that you like or, you know, minus signs for things that you don't like. Whatever, whatever you want to do that makes sense to you that you can remember. This will help you interact deeply with the text.


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[Assistant] In addition to marginal annotations, a really important component of critical reading and active reading is talking about ideas with other people. It's gonna be much more


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[Assistant] Think about things and listen to other people and see how those ideas impact your work. So, academic writing is a social process. We write, uhm, either literally with other people, but...


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[Assistant] More probably, uhm, more often we write, uhm, in concert with discussing ideas with other people. I'm going to ask you to please choose one of five areas on the discussion forum to


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[Assistant] Then go and read the other areas because, and you can even comment there too, because that will help you, uhm, shape your ideas more concretely about, about Coil's ideas.


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[Assistant] Of course, Coil says the best way to get better at something is to make mistakes. So you can make mistakes as you're discussing it. It's okay. There are no right answers. Uhm, we want to be just thoughtful about, about Coil's approaches. So group A, what I would like you to focus on is Coil's main argument.


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[Assistant] What are his main claims and what is his evidence? What, if any, subclaims or smaller claims does he make throughout the text? What examples or research or other evidence does he use?


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[Assistant] Group B, you're going to be thinking about the aims and the purpose of Coyle's text. What inspired Coyle, do you think, to write this argument? To whom do you think Coyle is writing?


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[Assistant] What do you imagine the writer might want readers to do with this argument? We can't know for sure what a writer thought, uhm, and sometimes what writers think at one point changes, of course, a week later or changes after a text is out, so I'm not asking you to necessarily


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[Assistant] Group C, I would like you to focus on Coyle's methods. Does Coyle make any assumptions with his argument?


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[Assistant] How does Coyote collect his evidence or do his research?


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[Assistant] How does Coyle present his argument to make it compelling or persuasive for readers? Perhaps he uses a certain style or a turn of phrase or he organizes his text in a certain way to make it more compelling or more persuasive for readers.


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[Assistant] How does Coyle appeal to readers' emotions? Is he


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[Assistant] Asking readers to be empathetic or angry or...


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[Assistant] Exuberant about something, how do you think he's playing into readers' emotions in order to make his argument more persuasive or compelling?


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[Assistant] And finally, group C, think about how Coyle has appealed also to readers logic or reason. Uhm, maybe something seems to make sense or he's pointing out some kind of, uhm, of


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[Assistant] Group D, I'd like you to think about the context and occasion. Group D might need to do some outside research beyond the text in order to fully flesh out the content, uhm, the context and the occasion of the work. So think about what was the occasion for writing this. What do you think happened


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[Assistant] Either what Coil says within the text or what you can find out from outside the text, uhm, to, to create this, this text.


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[Assistant] What circumstances shaped this work and how do you think they impacted the work? These circumstances can be political or cultural or logistical constraints like funding, time, presumably he had a deadline, uhm, he had, he had editors and publishers working with him, so those kinds of


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[Assistant] of circumstances and what can you determine about that from the text and also from, from looking, uhm, on the internet.


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[Assistant] And finally, what do we know about the occasion of publication? What year was this text written in and what was going on and what's different now than what's happening then?


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[Assistant] As you're posting to the forum, please be sure to cite page numbers. It's really important. If, if I'm reading your discussion forum and I want to see a question,


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[Assistant] It's gonna be hard for me to flip through Olive Coil to know which page it occurs on, so go ahead and just cite, say, on page 14, he asks how. I'm not sure if it was 14, whatever page it was, right?


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[Assistant] So go ahead, for all of you, please, please cite the page numbers. So I am excited to see, uhm, a rigorous, vibrant discussion about COIL that will help us move towards Project One.


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[Assistant] Hopefully I can just harness the energy. I need this apron, I'm not going home unless I've got one. Welcome, what's your name? Brett.


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[Assistant] What have you cooked? Uh, so this is a Morton Bay Bug, and we've got a Spiced Pumpkin Tortellini, Pistachio and Pepita Crump, and then we've got a Dillon White Wine Cream Sauce.


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[Assistant] The list goes on and on. Here, this is a bill for $5,000 for spa treatment.


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[Assistant] We really need to control our travel expenditures. From now on, all managers will fly economy class.


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[Assistant] Well, the main issue here as you can see is that our expenses are through the roof.


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[Assistant] Well, uhm, sir, the company expenditures on entertainment and travel are out of control. Look at these bills, for example. Just this month, we've paid over $20,000 for hotel charges.


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[Assistant] Great. Well the main issue here, as you can see, is that our expenses are through the roof.


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[Assistant] The list goes on and on. Here, this is a bill for $5,000 for spa treatment.


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[Assistant] $8,000 were expensed in one night at a place called Wild Things?


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[Assistant] Oil prices have gone up and our costs are off the charts.


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[Assistant] The butler did it. The phone rings in the dining room. James stops work and answers it.


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[Assistant] Hello? Hello. Is that James the butler?


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[Assistant] Yes, yes, James. Now just go and do it.


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[Assistant] She's in the bathroom with her boyfriend, I knew it. James, can you do something for me?


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[Assistant] Go into my bedroom and find the box under my bed. In that box, there's a gun. Take it out, James.


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[Assistant] Hello, James. Have you got the gun?


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[Assistant] Thank you, James. Now, James, do you understand what to do?


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[Assistant] Yes James, I did. Is everything alright?


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[Assistant] I can cook with that banana leaf. I'm walking through the herb garden and I feel like I'm a kid in a candy store.


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[Assistant] Today, I'm gonna cook another Indian-inspired dish, my wife's favorite dish, prawn masala.


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[Assistant] This is something that is dear and dear to me. So I should not go wrong with it because it represents me. It's like a symbol from masala. Loki. I'm delivering with hands of love.


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[Assistant] When people eat my prawn masala, the first reaction is they close their eyes.


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[Assistant] Because they feel the taste playing up in their brain.


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[Assistant] They get that boom, boom factor. It's got that chilly, tangy. It's a journey. I want the judges to feel that.


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[Assistant] Today I'm going to cook prawn masala with roti and raita.


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[Assistant] Masala is basically a combination of spices. The most important thing about masala is knowing what each spice produces. I add a clove of garlic to give the wetness.


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[Assistant] I add cinnamon because it gives a hint of sweetness. The chili, it gives you a boom in your mouth.


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[Assistant] My masala is going beautifully. And now I'm making sure my prawns are cooked really well.


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[Assistant] The only thing that's happening in my brain is like I'm happy cooking. I'm happy cooking. I'm happy cooking. This is so much fun.


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[Assistant] These dishes mean so much to me and my family and I hope the judges love it as much as we do.


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[Assistant] Now, who would you normally be cooking this to?


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[Assistant] Aww, Loki. That's beautiful. Yeaah, she, uhm, loves that.


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[Assistant] My confidence level just went from there to there.


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[Assistant] Edgar Allan Poe's image is not just instantly recognisable, it's perfectly suited to his reputation.


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[Assistant] But just what is it that makes Edgar Allan Poe one of the greatest American authors? After all, horror was a popular genre of the period with many practitioners.


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[Assistant] As a literary critic, he identified two cardinal rules for the short story form.


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[Assistant] By mastering these rules, Poe commands the reader's attention and rewards them with an intense and singular experience. What Poe called, the unity of effect.


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[Assistant] Though often frightening, this effect goes far beyond fear. Poe's stories use violence and horror to explore the paradoxes and mysteries of love, grief and guilt, while resisting simple interpretations or clear moral messages. And while they often hint at supernatural elements,


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[Assistant] The title character of Lysia returns from the dead through the corpse of her husband's second wife, or at least the opium addicted narrator thinks she does.


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[Assistant] Through his pioneering use of unreliable narrators, Poe turns readers into active participants who must decide when a storyteller might be misinterpreting or even lying about the events they're relating.


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[Assistant] Although he's best known for his short horror stories, Poe was actually one of the most versatile and experimental writers of the 19th century. He invented the detective story as we know it, with the murders in the Rue Morgue, followed by the mystery of Marie Roget and the purloined letter.


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[Assistant] All three feature the original armchair detective, C. Auguste Dupin.


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[Assistant] Who uses his genius and unusual powers of observation and deduction to solve crimes that baffle the police.


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[Assistant] Poe also wrote satires of social and literary trends and hoaxes that in some cases anticipated science fiction. Those included an account of a balloon voyage to the moon and a report of a dying patient put into a hypnotic trance so he could speak from the other side.


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[Assistant] Poe even wrote an adventure novel about a voyage to the South Pole and a treatise on astrophysics.


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[Assistant] All while he worked as an editor, producing hundreds of pages of book reviews and literary theory.


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[Assistant] His best known poems are songs of grief, or in his words, mournful and never-ending remembrance.


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[Assistant] The Raven, in which the speaker projects his grief onto a bird who merely repeats a single sound, made Poe famous. But despite his literary success, Poe lived in poverty throughout his career, and his personal life was often as dark as his writing.


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[Assistant] He was haunted by the loss of his mother and his wife, who both died of tuberculosis at the age of 24.


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[Assistant] Poe struggled with alcoholism and frequently antagonized other popular writers. Much of his fame came from posthumous and very loose adaptations of his work.


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[Assistant] And yet, if he could have known how much pleasure and inspiration his writing would bring to generations of readers and writers alike, perhaps it may have brought a smile to that famously brooding visage.


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[Assistant] Check out this playlist for more videos in our reading series. And let us know in the comments which book you'd like to see us cover next.


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[Assistant] Oh, oh, oh, oh, old. He is a puppy. Pu-pu-pu-pu-puppy.


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[Assistant] I always win in the end.


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[Assistant] The starving orphan seeking a second helping of gruel. The spinster wasting away in her tattered wedding dress. The stone-hearted miser plagued by the ghost of Christmas past.


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[Assistant] More than a century after his death, these remain recognizable figures from the work of Charles Dickens. So striking is his body of work that it gave rise to its own adjective. But what are the features of Dickens' writing that make it so special?


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[Assistant] Dickens' fiction brims with anticipation through brooding settings, plot twists, and mysteries.


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[Assistant] These features of his work kept his audience wanting more. When first published, his stories were serialized, meaning they were released a few chapters at a time in affordable literary journals and only later reprinted as books.


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[Assistant] This prompted fevered speculation over the cliffhangers and revelations he devised.


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[Assistant] Serialization not only made fiction available to a wider audience and kept them reading, but increased the hype around the author himself.


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[Assistant] His characters exhibit the sheer absurdity of human behavior, and their names often personify traits or social positions, like the downtrodden Bob Cratchit.


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[Assistant] Dickens set these colorful characters against intricate social backdrops, which mimic the society he lived in. For instance, he often considered the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution. During this period, the lower classes experienced sordid working and living conditions.


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[Assistant] Dickens himself experienced this hardship as a child when he was forced to work in a boot-blacking factory after his father was sent to debtor's prison.


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[Assistant] This influenced his depiction of the Marshall C. Prison in Little Dorrit, where the titular character cares for her convict father.


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[Assistant] Prisons, orphanages, or slums may seem grim settings for a story, but they allowed Dickens to shed light on how his society's most invisible people lived.


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[Assistant] In Nicholas Nickleby, Nicholas takes a job with the schoolmaster, Wackford Squeers. He soon realizes that Squeers is running a scam, where he takes unwanted children from their parents for a fee and subjects them to violence and deprivation.


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[Assistant] Oliver Twist also deals with the plight of children in the care of the state, illustrating the brutal conditions of the workhouse in which Oliver pleads with Mr. Bumble for food.


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[Assistant] When he flees to London he becomes ensnared in a criminal underworld.


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[Assistant] These stories frequently portray Victorian life as grimy, corrupt, and cruel. But Dickens also saw his time as one in which old traditions were fading away.


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[Assistant] For instance, the enigma of great expectations centers around the potential of Pip, an orphan plucked from obscurity by an anonymous benefactor and propelled into high society. In his search for purpose, Pip becomes the victim of other people's ambitions for him and must negotiate with a shadowy cast of characters.


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[Assistant] Readers continue to passionately debate over who Dickens intended as the murderer and whether Edwin Drude was even murdered in the first place.


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[Assistant] Throughout many adaptations, literary homages, and the pages of his novels, Dickens's sparkling language and panoramic worldview continue to resonate.


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[Assistant] Today, the adjective Dickensian often implies squalid working or living conditions. But to describe a novel as Dickensian is typically high praise, as it suggests a story in which true adventure and discovery occur in the most unexpected places.


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[Assistant] Although he often explored bleak material, Dickens's piercing wit never failed to find light in the darkest corners.


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[Assistant] TedEd is a non-profit. If you value our work, please consider supporting it on patreon.com slash teded.


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[Assistant] First thing I need to do is make sure my batter's been mixed well, uh, and then I need to get it into the oven to steam away for 40 minutes or so. They'll rise and hopefully be light and fluffy.


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[Assistant] All my elements are done, so now it's time to plate. So I take my puddings out.


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[Assistant] I mean, I'm gonna be able to get one up on the plate, but I think they're just a little too crumbly for my liking.


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[Assistant] I really wanna stand out and show the judges that I can do something inventive. A tangelo.


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[Assistant] So I'm doing poached eggs on toast. It's a buttermilk panna cotta that kind of looks like a poached egg with a tangelo and maple syrup yolk that's going to be placed on top of some cake that's fried in butter to kind of look like toast.


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[Assistant] We've got my panna cotta chilling in the fridge, but this challenge is all about the surprise inside. So that gel is essential. I've got to make sure that I put enough gelatin in it to just create that skin on the outside and hold it slightly, but not too much so it doesn't ooze when it's cut open.


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[Assistant] I'm doing poached eggs on toast. It's a buttermilk panna cotta that kind of looks like a poached egg with a tangelo and maple syrup yolk. That's going to be placed on top of some cake that's fried in butter to kind of look like toast.


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[Assistant] So I've taken the cake out of the oven. I just have to slice that to look like a piece of toast. I'm gonna get that onto a hot pan in some butter, get it nice and golden and crispy on both sides. But there's been issue. I've realised that I haven't got enough time to chill down that fried cake.


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[Assistant] I've realised that placing my panna cotta onto the hot toasted cake is just going to melt.


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[Assistant] You know, this dish does not look anything the way I had envisioned it and it's just, it's breaking my heart. Guys, I'm sorry. So sorry.


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[Assistant] I'm definitely in trouble. That's me. I'm in the bottom three.


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[Assistant] It was going to be a poached egg panna cotta, sitting on some butter poached cake bread, a tangelo and maple syrup centre.


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[Assistant] I'd be delighted if I'd made that. Looks extraordinary. Is truly amazing.


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[Assistant] I haven't eaten something quite so dreamily perfect.


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[Assistant] I'm so much and I enjoyed the kind of brio and enthusiasm of everyone cooking and the real desire not just to cook but to learn. But what I also liked, and this is down to you guys, I feel that just as much you will want to teach and for me that was really inspiring.


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[Assistant] Passion fruit, what I love about it is that it's got this wonderful, heady perfume and it's great, you know, in sweet cooking, but actually I use it as well when I make a dressing.


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[Assistant] Now, I don't know how everyone will feel about this, but I love them. Chicken livers. Yum. Squid. Condensed milk. Ginger. I couldn't resist the cherries. Chillies. I like fire in my food. Anchovies. I adore anchovies. The bacon of the sea.


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[Assistant] I really would. So, the winner of my mystery box challenge...


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[Assistant] To have afternoon tea with me at Fortnum & Mason.


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[Assistant] Good luck everyone. Your time starts now.


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[Assistant] First things first, work against one in the kitchen. Use no chocolate.


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[Assistant] Surely those cherries should always be on a parfait. Now I'm going to stop talking and just eat a bit more.


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[Assistant] What I love about this is that it's generous and hearty, but the way you've got the anchovy oil and the sweet burn of the chilli, it sort of blossoms. I love it.


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[Assistant] I mean that is, that is really quite something.


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[Assistant] It's very interesting because when you talk about your dish, it sounds like there are too many components. When you eat it...


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[Assistant] Everything feels funnily enough quite restrained and I think the reason for that is because you've balanced everything. Okay.


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[Assistant] Well, thank you to all of you and especially, you know, you five for producing really glorious food. How wonderful to come here and be given so much delight on the first day. So thank you.


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[Assistant] I love chicken skin, and I often make chicken crackling. It's even in a salad, you know a salad, probably enough, because they're so full of crispness and crunch.


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[Assistant] If you put it on top, won't it make the twill go soggy? It won't get the crack.


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[Assistant] Yes, it was amazing, a sort of kataifi dough, you know. She's made kataifi from scratch. Yes, and she's deep frying it into a cone, don't they, with halva and...


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[Assistant] Those parsnip chips are just fantastic.


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[Assistant] But I think the white chocolate dominates. Whenever you cook, don't think what will impress them. Think what will, what will delight them. What will give them pleasure. And I think that will steer you much more confidently into the sort of food that you in turn will feel pleased with.


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[Assistant] It was sensational. Dark, divine, and it's just pure pleasure.


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[Assistant] In a way, the elements are there, and you just were slightly disconnected from the food. Yeah.


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[Assistant] It gets really difficult because I think that the advice you were given was good, but I think that you didn't believe in it while you were doing it, therefore you haven't put yourself in the cooking. But it's what you've got, you've just got to get your hands in again. Thank you very much.


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[Assistant] Well if I think of Snap, Crackle, Pop, this is exactly what I think of.


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[Assistant] Mmm, I love the look of that.


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[Assistant] It's in the nature of experiments that some experiments fail and that is part of cooking and it's what you do afterwards that makes the difference so, onwards and upwards.


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[Assistant] There were so many good dishes, so much fantastic cooking that it was agony frankly to choose the top three. If I call your name, please step forward.


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[Assistant] That is incredible. I'd be delighted if I'd made that.


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[Assistant] Afternoon tea sounds great. Probably rather go to the pub with Nigella and have a drink. But yeaah, getting time to spend with Nigella would just be unbelievable.


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[Assistant] There's a lot of foods that I love eating that have that snap, crackle and pop. Pork crackling, crispy fried skin. But nothing compares to the snap of a crab claw. That's what's really inspiring me to get into this dish today.


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[Assistant] At home on the Brizzy River, I catch and cook crabs all the time.


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[Assistant] My food dream is to be cooking for clientele on a charter boat. Just want to prove that I can cook good seafood. So today I'm cooking vodka chili sand crab with some coconut rice on the side. Everywhere else calls them blue swimmer crabs. But up in Queensland us cane toads call them sand crabs.


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[Assistant] The base for my sauce for the sand crab is vodka and dried chilies. It needs time to infuse, so the first thing I did was get that ready. I know, Jillian, how are you?


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[Assistant] In this cook, I'm feeling really confident. To the sauce, I'm adding white onions and spring onions and loads of butter. There's quite a bit of chilli from my vodka infusion, so I'm gonna serve it up with some coconut rice on the side. Really just need the flavour to stand alone and bring this dish up to top three.


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[Assistant] Still give me enough time to get it out on the plate. I'm really focused this afternoon. I wanna get into top three. I love cooking with crab. I've gotta put up a good snap and I'm giving it a red hot crack. This sauce is looking perfect. It's time for the crab. I'm gonna cook the crab till they just go orange.


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[Assistant] The crabs need to be cooked perfectly. You do not want to serve overcooked crab.


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[Assistant] I'm really proud of this dish. I can't wait for the judges to dive in and get that snap of the crab claw.


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[Assistant] The dish is vodka chili sand crab, and it's got a side of coconut rice.


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[Assistant] I'm just ecstatic. Really quality food went up today. A definite game changer to get that pin. It's gonna be a tough, tough cook.


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[Assistant] My name's Fred Fish. Let me see. You're a teacher, you live in London, and you want to know about your future, right? Yes, yes!


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[Assistant] I brought some money with me. That's very good. Right. Can you give me your hand, please? I'm going to read it.


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[Assistant] Soon you're going to meet a beautiful American girl. You're going to marry her. But I've got a very nice girlfriend at the moment. She's Australian. Forget about her.


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[Assistant] No, you're going to marry the American. I can see it in your hand. Can you tell me anymore? Yes.


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[Assistant] Soon you're going to leave London and move to Hollywood with your American wife. Hollywood?


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[Assistant] I'm going to become rich! Well, yes, but things aren't going to be easy for you. Your wife is going to take a lover. Oh no. Another famous actor perhaps? Yes, that's right. And you're going to start drinking. At first in the evening, and then in the daytime. Oh dear, that's bad. Yes.


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[Assistant] And nobody's going to give you any more acting work because you drink. So what happens to me after all this? You kill yourself, I'm sorry to say. What? No!


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[Assistant] Hmm, yes, it's wonderfully hot there. And you're going to stop teaching and become a very good tennis player. I was very good at tennis at school, you know. You're going to meet all the famous players and play tennis with them. People are going to watch you playing tennis on TV. Woah!


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[Assistant] I like children. Yes, and then she's going to have a second baby, and then a third. Oh, but I'm never going to see the children.


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[Assistant] Perhaps I'm going to stop being a tennis player and be a teacher again. Then I can help my wife with the children in the holidays. Uh, that's right.


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[Assistant] It's all in your hand. You're going to stop playing tennis and begin teaching again.


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[Assistant] I can always play tennis with my friends at the weekend. Yes, of course. So there you are. Now you know about your future. Are you happy with that?


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[Assistant] Things are going to be very exciting for me. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


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[Assistant] And in your view, it was a simple, straightforward,


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[Assistant] Police still haven't said exactly when the man will appear in court at a packed and excited press conference last night.


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[Assistant] The Chief Constable of West Yorkshire, Mr Ronald Gregory, had hinted that he might appear at Dewsbury this morning. And when the court opened at ten o'clock, it was almost besieged.


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[Assistant] Then came word that the hearing would not, after all, take place yet.


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[Assistant] Mr. Justice Boren said, I shall recommend that a minimum period of 30 years should elapse before your release on license. That is an unusually long period, but in my judgement, you are an unusually dangerous man.


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[Assistant] Tonight Sutcliffe is in Wormwood Scrubs Prison in West London. He'll soon be transferred to a high security prison, possibly Gartree in Leicestershire.


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[Assistant] The Yorkshire Ripper, Britain's most notorious and dangerous mass killer, is behind bars at last.