[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why don't weather apps and weather channels use it? It's mostly a matter of history. Instruments that measure relative humidity


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know what else is available to the public and gives reliable science inspiration? Music for Scientists, a tribute album to science inspired by the beauty of science. It was written and recorded by Patrick Olson, and if you want to check it out, I'd recommend starting off with the song Aristarchus in the Rain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which isn't about humidity, but it is about a scientist trying to make sense of this messy and cloudy world. If you want to check it out, look for Music for Scientists on all major music streaming services, or click the link below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not sure but I think Ben's added xanthan gum to his coconut ice cream. It's not the right consistency and I'm really worried for him. Alright just breathe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think there's gonna be a few of you that are about to get very excited. Oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember, we're only tasting five of the best dishes. So, first one up is...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think, I think the presentation's good. It's nice and simple. You know, the hero always hears the ice cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're given at this stage in the competition a group of ingredients that most of you haven't really seen or tasted before and that you put up such beautiful and different dishes which is the key. So, the winner of the mystery box challenge is... Couldn't be any other results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today's a little bit different. You get to choose the technique that everybody else has to cook with.


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[Assistant] You get to choose one of the three things underneath these glosses. And knowing Ben, that could be anything, couldn't it? Yeah. Ready to find out what they are? Absolutely. Alright, today you have the choice between pickling. Nice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today's invention test is all about technique and in fact it's one of our favourites. I can safely say that I think you're going to be quietly pleased. Ray, tell us what you had to choose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ben is a mad keen kitchen gardener. He also loves a little bit of a forage. So for Ben's invention test, you also have to...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a perfect point where the great fish is just right, and that's still a little raw, a little stringy, and that's not cooked enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The smoked trail through the ingredients is lovelies. The fact that you used smoked butter in the biscuit and rosemary is just inspiring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cooks who made the three least impressive dishes going to tomorrow's pressure test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reset, get a good night's sleep, cause you'll need it, and we'll see you here tomorrow. Off you go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm doing a seafood dish today. Smoke tastes really nice with fish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to get smokiness in there somewhere. So I grab my fish fillets and start smoking them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll smoke the Red Emperor fillets for as long as I can. I'm a little worried there's not enough time to get them cooking. So I'll whip them out of the smoke and chuck them in the pan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, now, how do companies raise money? Uh, you're in a company and you're trying to make a profit. You need money, say, to build a new factory. Uh, or to launch a new ad campaign. So you need the money now and you get profits later. How do you get the money?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well there's two major resources, ways to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe three. One of them is retained earnings. I'll list that first. You can wait until you've made enough money, you save it up, and then you can issue, then you can build your new factory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's one way. But it's slow because you have to wait until you've got the retained earnings to do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another thing you can do is borrow money. Either through banks, you can go to a bank and say I'd like a loan for my company. Or you can issue debt and sell that through a broker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you would issue a corporate bond which brings in money. Uh, and you can issue shares, new shares.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I used to own like 10% of the company, and now I own only 5%. So I'm not so sure I'm happy about that. But then you on the board would say,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But don't worry, we brought in millions of dollars, uh, for


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You no longer have the same vote that you used to have. You've given up some voting power in order to get money to expand the company.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You might come to a shareholders meeting and complain, but they'll say, but look, this is the way it works. We can't expand without money and you'll, this will make you rich. You'll be treated equally to these other guys that came in and bought new shares.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you might well back down. I guess that's the way, you know, all these big companies did that. So that you're, if you're an initial shareholder, you once owned a big fraction of the company, it keeps going down, but the company keeps going up in value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but here's why they call it equity. Uh, because all common shareholders are equal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people said that issuing shares isn't very...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Important anymore. That companies, when they need money, they borrow money or they use retained earnings. Uh, Karl Marx thought that. He said, all this trade in stocks is uh, is uh, trading mostly existing shares.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It doesn't bring money into the company, when you, there's all this transaction, it's just gambling, that's what Mark said. All these people playing a game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's only when the company issues shares that share price matters economically. And Marx thought they don't do that very much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stewart Myers, who is a professor of finance at MIT, wrote an article, uh, in, uh, 1984, arguing that, well, you know, I don't think you put it this way, Marx was right. I'm sure he didn't say Marx was right, but he was effectively saying that, because he looked at the data and he said,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Firms don't issue, when they first start they issue a lot of shares, but after that they're not issuing very much. Uh, so he said, he proposed what he called the pecking order theory of corporate finance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, how do corporations, this sounds like behavioral economists, now he might shudder if I identify him as a behavioral economist, but this is what this sounds like to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best way to earn, to raise money for corporate action, uh, according to what he said,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, boards think is retained earnings. You feel most comfortable. You go to a board meeting and say we need to build a new factory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, but we've been making a lot of money and we've got all this cash lying around. We'll use our retained earnings to build a new company. That feels really good going into the board. They'll say, well, why not? You know, they'll go for that. But then if you say, let's go to the bank and borrow money, then they get a little nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Issue new shares. Now they get really creepy. Now they're thinking, oh my vote's going down. I don't like it. Often shareholders are on the board. They're thinking, now I'm going to be giving up power to other people, uh, and uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if our profits don't go up, then we're going to be dividing them up among more people. So they don't like that. Stuart Meyer's article was very influential because it sounded right. This sounds like the way I could imagine myself behaving as a board member.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he showed statistics emphasizing that. Now as of 1984, most firms had not done a single equity offering in the last 20 years. And when asked, are you thinking of issuing new shares, did not even contemplate doing it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and uh, from the years 1973 to 1982, 62% of capital expenditures came from retained earnings. That is what companies were doing at that time. And only 6% from issuance of new shares.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if they never issue new shares, then what difference does the share price mean anyway to corporate activity?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so this was a Marx was right, uh, conclusion. But they were criticized, uh, notably, uh, Eugene Fama and French, and Ken French.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stewart-Meier's choice of 1973 to 82 was atypical. The stock market crashed in 1973 and it was still low. So you didn't get much money for the new shares you issued. Of course nobody issued new shares.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for example, they issued, uh, corporate shares to employees as a compensation, or they had warrants on, on the stock that were given to employees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's really not true. Marx wasn't really right about that. The price of a share in the public market matters for the amount of money that a company can raise. So if the market price goes up


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The company can get more money by issuing shares, and that encourages them to do that and make more investments. When the stock market goes down, the company starts looking at it. Typically the board members are still optimistic about the company, and you say, let's, we're down to three dollars a share.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you might be talking about doing a reverse split to try to bring it up. But you're thinking, are we selling these shares for only three dollars? I had my life's dreams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to be diluted down for just three dollars? I don't believe that. Wouldn't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What the heck is going on? Did you see that? What was that thing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What the heck is going on? Did you see that? What was that thing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is a witch creature back there. We tied her up, but she broke free, and she was about to have us for dinner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, Seacrestopolis, in last week's Battle of the Choruses, all 50 members of each playwright's chorus traveled back and forth across the stage, singing the Strophe and Anti-Strophe, telling misbegotten tales of woe. Today's first chorus is entering through the Paradoi, taking their positions in the orchestra at the bottom of the stage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kills his father and marries his mother. That sounds pretty tragic to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, Seacrestopolis, Oedipus has left the stage after realizing Jocasta was his wife and also his mother. Where has he gone?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He says that Oedipus, upon finding his mother, wife, whatever, Jocasta, dead of her own hand in their incestuous bedroom, took the brooches from her dress and stabbed his eyes repeatedly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And sure enough, the judges who have been chosen by lot from all over Greece are ready to announce the winner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And such catharsis. Doesn't a great tragedy just make you feel renewed and cleansed?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fundamentally cooking is how you change an ingredient. You make it better. You change it into something exciting. And that is what today is all about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right guys, here's how it's gonna go. Today consists of two rounds. In round one, we want you to create the perfect hot chip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As well as that, we want a dipping sauce to go with them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The four least impressive dishes will go into round two. From there, one person will be going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really, I've never thought of that. A winter on the outside of the chip and frying it. Great idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no chicken, there's no beef, there's no seafood in it, and you don't need it. It's just all-rounding, beautiful. I love it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll just make sure that's had a really good lathering of this yummy stuff. And then, BBQ.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, 125 grams of tinned tomato paste.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're probably going, what? Raw tomato paste straight out of a tin? This is home cooking week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. We'll leave it a little bit more on that side. I just want some more charriness. So dressing's complete. I've got some yoghurt in a bag, ready to go. Let's start to dress this. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I'm gonna make a little dish inspired from a Middle Eastern dish called mante or mantu. They're little, uh, tortellinis filled with lambs and burnt butter, sumac and, uh, dashi sauce over the top. Pretty exciting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So avoid it. Uhm, it's always good. My rule of thumb is you make the dough in the morning, wrap it in cling film and leave it outside. And then, you know, when you go to roll it sort of mid-morning, lunchtime-ish, it's fine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, some people put egg, I don't think it's needed. I'm going to press it down for a minute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, as it starts to foam there, this is when you need to concentrate. Yeah? Because it's going to turn very quickly and you're going to end up with burnt butter. Not burnt butter. Yeah? Does that make sense? Instant dashi goes in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, ay, I always keep a set in my car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we learned all about the for loop, and even created a loop inside a loop. But there is another type of loop in JavaScript, and that's the while loop. So let's explore that one now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to understand how the while loop works and the difference between the for and the while loop, let's actually go back to our first, uh, for loop lecture and get back the code of this weightlifting exercise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, just copy this and we will keep it for comparison basically.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's put it back to 10 here as well. And so let's now do the same thing with a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Implementing the same with a wire loop, we still need the same components. So we still need a counter so that we can then actually print the current value to the console. We still need a condition so that we know when to stop and we still need to increase the counter somehow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now in a while loop it works a bit differently, because for the while loop we can only specify a condition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So while, and then just the condition is the only thing that we can specify here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's going to be exactly the same as this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we want to keep the loop running while repetitions is less or equal 10. And that's actually why this loop is called while. So again, it's called the while loop because it will run while this condition is true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, but now we need to kind of manually, so more explicitly, define the other two components of the for loop. So the repetitions and the increasing of the counter. And so we need to do that basically outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we start at the beginning with rep equal 1. Then we have the condition. Then let's put the code that we want to execute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then at the end of the iteration, we will then increase the counter. And so let's just do that. So at the end of the iteration is basically the end of this code block. And so let's do that there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's it. And so now we should get the exact same result twice, once coming from this for loop and once coming from this while loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And yeaah. So 1 to 10 and then again 1 to 10 coming from the while loop. Just write that here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just to make 100% sure. And indeed, the second set here is coming from the while loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This all means that the while loop is more versatile than the for loop. Which means that it can be used in a larger variety of situations. And that's because it does not really need a counter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we put the counter here because we need it for this specific use case. But all the while loop really needs is the condition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which needs to stay true for it to keep running. And that condition can be any condition. It doesn't have to be related to any counter at all. And sometimes that's exactly what we need to solve a certain problem. So a problem without any counter. So without a number that is increasing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, let's create such an example here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I will start by taking off this for loop. We no longer need that one. And now we will do a simple example that does not depend on a counter, but instead it will depend on a random variable. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what we're gonna do is to basically roll a dice and then keep rolling the dice until we roll a six. And then, when we roll a six, we stop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So essentially, we will want to keep running a loop while the rolled dice is different from 6.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so in this case, we do actually not know beforehand how many times the loop should run. And so we don't need a counter variable. And that's exactly the use case of a while loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's start by creating that random number. And so the role of a dice is a number between 1 and 6.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The way that we implement this does not matter at this point. Okay? We will learn more about random numbers, uh, at a later point. And so for now, just basically just type what I am writing here. So we're using math.random.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this will create a number between 0 and 1. Then we multiply that by 6. But this is going to be a decimal number. Let me just show that to you quickly, because I think this is still interesting for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you see that it's a decimal number, and so now we need to get rid of this decimal part. And so that we do using math.trunk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this will give us a number between 0 and 5. And then we add 1 and get 1 to 6. So again, don't worry about the implementation of this at this point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We will do this again, uh, later. But what matters here is that as we reload the page, we get a random number here that is different every time. And so it will be different for you, uh, of course. So different from what you see in the video as you keep reloading your own page.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so now let's do what I explained earlier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, we want to keep running the loop until we roll a 6. So until this dice variable here holds the value of 6. And so, the condition of the loop is now gonna be dice different


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And let's log the value to the console here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so let's get rid of this one here. And now let's log it to the console. But keep in mind that actually right now we are only creating one dice value. So at this point the loop doesn't make a lot of sense. And so actually let's keep working on this before we test it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, again, we are only creating one random number between 1 and 6.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if that's different than 6, this loop here will run. But right now, the loop would then run forever, which I'm not going to show you here now, because that would crash the browser. So this would be called an infinite loop, and we don't want that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what we will do is to keep creating new dice values. And so we are going to reassign this value at the end of each iteration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now we're ready to test the result here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whoa, you see we got a lot of dice rolls here. Let me actually also comment out, uh, just this console.log here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, so of course your result will be different from mine, because we are using different random numbers. But anyway, let's analyze what happened here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we start with some random dice number, and then here we check if that dice is different from 6. And apparently it was different, and so then we entered the loop, which then logged you rolled a 2. So my random number was first a 2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then in the next line we created a new random number, and then the loop run again. So again, this condition was tested. So is the dice different from 6? And apparently it was, and so we entered the loop again. And so it printed, you rolled a 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the next dice was a 5, and then the next one was a 4. But then apparently the next dice that was rolled here was a 6.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So at the end of this iteration here, this dice value was a 6. And so then, in the next iteration, dice was actually equal 6. And so then, the condition is no longer true and the loop stopped. And let me actually...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Loop is about to end. And so this way we can know when a 6 happened, and so the very first thing that should ever happen here in this output is this. Right? Because then, when the dice was 6, the next iteration will no longer run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, let's do that. And indeed. So we get 1, 5, 4, 1, but no 6. And then, loop is about to end. And so the dice was 6. And so this condition was true. And so we saw this log to the console. And then, in the next iteration,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, 6 equals 6, and so the loop finished. Let's try some more times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And of course, it works. Oh wait, now we get the situation where the first dice ever was a 6. And so the loop never even started. And this was the situation I was waiting for here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when dice is 6 right away in the beginning, then of course this loop will have exactly 0 iterations. It will never start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so the conclusion of this is that the while loop does really not have to depend on any counter variable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, whenever you do need a loop without a counter, you can reach for the while loop. So basically, that happens whenever you do not know beforehand how many iterations the loop will have. So in that situation, the while loop is the right tool for the job. And that's exactly what we had here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we had no way of knowing how many times we would roll a dice that's different from six.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now on the other hand, when we do know how many times the loop will run,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That means that we're going to actually need a counter. For example, when we want to loop over an array, we already know how many elements that array has, and so we know how many iterations we will need. And therefore, the for loop is usually the right choice to loop over an array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and with this we kind of finished the JavaScript fundamentals. All there's left to do now is for you to complete the final coding challenge of this section.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's my cost function for the support vector machine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now let's think about what it takes to make these cost functions small.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in other words, if you have a positive example, we really want theta transpose x to be greater than or equal to 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, it's only in this region, where z is less than or equal to one, that we have the constant zero of z is equal to zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, this is an interesting property of the support vector machine, right, which is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have a positive example, so if y is equal to 1, then all we really need is that theta transpose x is greater than or equal to 0. And that would mean that we classify it correctly. Because, you know, if theta transpose x is greater than 0, our hypothesis would predict 0.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the support vector machine wants a bit more than that. It says, you know, don't just barely get the example, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't just have it just a little bit bigger than zero. What I really want is for this to be quite a lot bigger than zero. Say maybe greater than or equal to one. And I want this to be much less than zero. Maybe I want it less than or equal to minus one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Concretely, what I'd like to do next is consider a case where we set this constant c to be a very large value. So let's imagine we set c to be a very large value, maybe 100,000, some huge number. Let's see what a support vector machine will do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to be highly motivated to choose a value so that this first term is equal to zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's try to understand the optimization problem in the context of what would it take to make this first term in the objective equal to zero because you know maybe we'll set c to some huge constant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you want to make that first term zero, what you need is to find the value of theta so that theta transpose xi is greater than or equal to one. And similarly, whenever we have an example with label zero, in order to make sure that the cost is zero,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if we think of our optimization problem as now really choosing parameters to ensure that this first term is equal to zero, what we're left with is the following optimization problem. We're going to minimize.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That first term is zero, so c times zero, because we're going to choose parameters so this equals zero, plus one half and then, you know, that second term.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The support vector machine will instead choose this decision boundary, which I'm drawing in black.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that seems like a much better decision boundary than either of the ones that I drew in magenta or in green. The black line seems like a more robust separator that, you know, does a better job separating the positive and negative examples.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And mathematically what that does is this black decision boundary has a larger distance. That distance is called the margin. But if I draw these two extra blue lines.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We see that the black decision boundary has some, you know, larger minimum distance from any of my training examples, whereas the magenta and the green lines, they come awfully close to the training examples and that seems to do a less good job separating the positive and negative classes than my black line. And so this distance is called the margin of the support vector machine and uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This gives the SVM a certain robustness because it tries to separate the data with as large a margin as possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to say one last thing about large margin classifiers and this intuition. Uhm, so we worked out this large margin classification setting in the case of when C


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So given a, given a data set like this, you know, maybe we'll use that decision boundary that separates the positive and negative examples of a large margin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now DSVM is actually slightly more sophisticated than this large margin view might suggest. And in particular, if all you're doing is use a large margin classifier, then your learning algorithms can be sensitive to outliers. So let's add an extra positive example like that shown, you know, on the, on the screen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you add one example, then it seems as if to separate the data with a large margin, you know, maybe I'll end up learning a decision boundary like that, right, that is the magenta line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the regularization parameter c were very large, then this is actually what the SVM will do. It will change the decision boundary from the black to the magenta one. But uhm, if c were reasonably small, or if you were to use, you know, c not too large,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or if you had some negative examples in here, then the SVM will also do the right thing. And so this picture of a large margin classifier, that's really, that's really the picture that gives better intuition only for the case of when


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The regularization parameter C is very large, uh, and just to remind you, this response C plays a role similar to 1 over lambda, where lambda is the regularization parameter we had previously, and so it's only if 1 over lambda is very large or equivalently if lambda is very small.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yesterday, something went wrong for the three of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's why you're standing here in black. And that's why at the end of the day, one of you is going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Trent, Samuel, Brian, just stop. Stop for a second. There is no way, there is no way you're gonna finish. Any of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a massively technical thing and all part of the whimsical nature of the dessert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, you look absolutely shattered. And I think with good reason because we all agreed that that was probably the most pressurized and most dramatic cook and challenge of the season so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sad reality is that in spite of all that effort, all that emotion, one of you is about to leave the competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It looks good. No balloon. The flavour's gotta be there. Shall we taste? Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, you're fighting very hard, so uhm, yeaah, hopefully I'll put up a good dish. And uhm, yeaah, time will tell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's definitely not as good looking as I'd hoped.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This video was made possible by Skillshare. Learn for free for 2 months with over 7 million other creators by signing up at skl.sh slash RealLifeLore24.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just over 33 years ago in 1986, the worst nuclear accident in history took place at a nuclear power plant here in Chernobyl. Located only about 60 miles north of Kiev, a city of almost 3 million people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During a late night safety test, a combination of critical reactor design flaws and human error built up to cause a massive steam explosion in nuclear reactor 4 of the power plant which caused an open air graphite fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over 400 times the amount of radiation released by the Hiroshima bomb was unleashed into the atmosphere by the accident, and a radioactive cloud spread over the entire


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the vast majority of the radiation affected the communities immediately surrounding the power plant at Chernobyl. The radiation was so intense in certain parts of the reactor building following the explosion that an unprotected worker could receive a fatal dose in less than a minute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the coming days and weeks, 134 servicemen who responded to the fire heroically were hospitalized for acute radiation syndrome, or ARS, of whom 28 firemen and operators died within months.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Soviet army then began establishing the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, forbidding any civilians from entering within a 30 kilometer radius around the exposed reactor that was the most severely contaminated area, and evacuating everybody inside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This zone still exists in Ukraine today and is roughly the same size as Luxembourg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was once home to 120,000 people across cities like Pripyat and Chernobyl, but it's been almost entirely uninhabited now for over 30 years. Today, exactly 197 people still choose to live inside of the exclusion zone for whatever reason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's not as dangerous today as it used to be. The radiation levels are significantly less than what they could have been thanks to the efforts of the Chernobyl liquidators back in 1986.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Soviet government called up on 600,000 people to come in and work cleaning the zone up after the disaster.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was no stretch to say that the reactor 4 building was the most dangerous place to be at in the entire world in 1986. But that didn't stop the liquidators from constructing the sarcophagus, a giant concrete and steel tomb to lock away the most dangerous place in the world forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sarcophagus entombed over 200 tons of highly radioactive corium lava, 30 tons of highly contaminated dust, and 16 tons of exposed uranium and plutonium.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the time that the core was sealed away inside, over 26 days worth of additional natural background radiation had already been unleashed onto the planet. There was only one problem though.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sarcophagus wasn't designed to last forever, it was only designed to last for 30 years until 2016. The liquidators had constructed the sarcophagus in as quickly a time as possible in order to minimize their own exposure and the world's exposure to the radioactive


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Repairing the sarcophagus from the inside is considered to be impossible because the radiation levels inside are still estimated to be as high as 10,000 retgens per hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is enough to kill you if you step inside for just three minutes, and enough to fry any robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The deterioration of the sarcophagus over the years since its construction threatened to release all of this poison back out into the world. But that wasn't the only danger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the inside of the sarcophagus rests the upper biological shield, or UBS. A concrete slab that was thrown upwards by the reactor explosion and now rests at a 15 degree angle inside of the tomb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's only supported by debris, which means that it could likely collapse at some point, exacerbating the dust problem inside and possibly damaging the sarcophagus itself further, which could result in radioactive dust leaking onto the outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something had to be done before the sarcophagus fell apart and everybody knew it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, work began on a new structure that would cover the entire sarcophagus inside of it, which covered the entire reactor building inside of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sort of like the deadliest and least pleasant nesting doll to ever exist. The new structure became known as the New Safe Confinement Building, and unlike the sarcophagus, it was designed to entomb everything inside and last for the next century.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the United States spent 2% of their GDP on a single project,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would cost about 388 billion dollars. As the biggest movable structure ever built, the new safe confinement was finished in 2016 and slowly rolled into place over the old unstable sarcophagus and reactor building over a period of two weeks, hopefully trapping the nightmare inside forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is no time estimate for how long this process is going to take, but it likely will last for at least a decade or more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's still potentially highly dangerous, and workers are required to carry dosimeters to keep track of their radiation exposure at all times. If a worker's annual limit is ever reached, their site access is cancelled and they're banned from returning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The annual limit can be reached by spending just 12 minutes above the roof of the 1986 sarcophagus or a few hours around its chimney.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The exclusion zone gives off a feeling that the disaster was contained to that area, but that's not really true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dangerous levels of radiation were dumped all across Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Russia, and not everybody who died as a result did so immediately. Many victims and liquidators came down with dangerous cancers later on in their lives, and the UN estimates that at least 4,000 people have actually died from cancer directly related to the accident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other studies claim that the number is actually somewhere closer to 93,000 cancer related deaths.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some health officials estimate that over the next 70 years, there will be a 28% increase in cancer rates across the heavily exposed areas of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. So the nightmare is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The total cost of the disaster has been estimated to be at least $355 billion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that was back in 2009, so that doesn't factor in any additional costs in the decades since.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Considering for a moment that the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami and subsequent nuclear disaster at Fukushima is the most expensive disaster that's been properly calculated at a staggering $411 billion, it's likely that if the ongoing costs of Chernobyl were properly calculated up to today, it would probably steal that number one spot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Despite a weird tourism boom to the area around the disaster in recent years, the long lasting effects of cancer and the ongoing confinement and demolition work at the reactor itself means that Chernobyl is still a global problem and it isn't over yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It will still be anywhere between 20 and several hundred years depending on the source you take until the area around Chernobyl is completely safe to live around permanently again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you came to watch this video after watching the Chernobyl miniseries on HBO, you're probably not alone. I was specifically inspired after watching the series myself to create this video and do more research into what's going on there now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the most common questions that I get asked all of the time though is how I got started making videos like this on YouTube.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure many of you watching this right now want to make a video about something that you're passionate about, but you may be where I was about 3 years ago and not really know where to begin learning how to do all of that. Thankfully though, this is one of tens of thousands of skills that Skillshare can teach you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their animation for illustration course is taught by Abby Lossing, a former staff illustrator from Buzzfeed and Vice News that will teach you how to make animations using Photoshop and After Effects, which are the exact programs that I use for my videos.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you want to learn these skills, or really almost any other skill, Skillshare is the place for you. And, best of all, it's also incredibly affordable at less than $10 a month for an annual subscription.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, you can learn for free for two entire months right now by checking out the link in the description at skl.sh slash real-life-lore24. Go ahead and check out Skillshare, they've been a great supporter of real-life lore now for years, and thank you for watching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm feeling a bit confused. I wasn't really picturing maple and crab. I'm struggling to get those two flavours to connect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I start to panic and I realised that I am so far behind and it just makes me think that I won't catch up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It hits me that this could be the last dish I've put up in the MasterChef kitchen. So it gets a little bit emotional. But looking down at my plate, I'm really proud of what I've done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the biggest challenge I've faced in the competition so far. I've got mixed emotions, I really pushed myself and got


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything done, but I'm just worried about how it stands compared to the other two others. I realise this could be my last plate of food and I'm not ready to go home yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm still gonna end up in food. I think I realised that as soon as I applied for the competition and as I've learned more and got my head into it more then I realised that it's what I have to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each team will be serving food in one of four market friendly manners. On a stick, in a cone, in a bowl, and just in your hand in a napkin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gary and I had a really wonderful light coffee-soaked sponge, but George's is dry and biscuity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Service challenges are always hard, but today you didn't just have to feed a restaurant, you had to feed thousands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second team, that's safe for elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's always hard when it's so close, but you both should be so proud of the job that you've done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, my dish is kind of crazy. I just hope I haven't gone too far. Oh, big pineapple sausage roll.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what's the ice cream in the syrup? So with my pineapple sausage roll,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, this is a figure from the book you have, Irrational Exuberance, third edition, that I came out with in 2015. And what it shows is, well first of all that's just the same Home Price series, but just since 2003.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the same home price series you just saw. It looks, it doesn't look as dramatic since it's a short clip of the longer series. But you can see the home prices peaked in 2006 and they started falling after that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the, uh, other thing shown is the percent of new home buyers who agreed with the following statement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Real estate is the best investment for long-term holders who can buy and sell through the ups and downs of the market. That's a cliché. I mean, it's usually done with stocks, but I thought, why don't I ask the same thing of real estate? Now these people just bought a home, so they're likely, it's called wishful thinking bias, they're likely to think that their home was a great investment since they just made it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, it would be cognitive dissonance if they answered otherwise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you can see how, these were always new homebuyers in every year that I did this survey. And you can see that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It kind of moves with home prices. When home prices have been going up, so has their agreement with this. And when home prices start going down, they start losing their agreement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We had initial price increases on homes in the 1970s.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were doing really well as investments. People just don't look far back. And the reason, part of the reason they don't look far back is nobody shows the data.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They don't show, no, I kind of, absolutely flooring to think that nobody had ever constructed a 100 year price series. The newspapers don't publish 100 year long time series. They're not interested. It's not what people seem to think they want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you only see, you know, a few years and you see it's just going up like crazy. And so you make the mistake of thinking it always will.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's how we- Now the, uh, housing sector has a big impact on the economy through, uh, residential investment. Residential investment in the GDP accounts consists of building of new houses, new apartment buildings, and improvements, like additions to new- to houses and apartment buildings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the red line is housing starts in thousands of units. It's a monthly series. S-A-A-R means seasonally adjusted annual rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so you can see how variable it is through time. Also shown on this chart is the real, my real home price series, which is the Case-Shiller, S&P Case-Shiller series.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Starting in 1975, and for the region before that, it's an old Bureau of Labor Statistic Home Price series that they've discontinued, but I've got it for that period.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I have a home price series. And you can see that, uh, housing starts are very variable. And they have something to do with home prices. Not surprisingly, when home prices are, you're a builder, right? You want to know, what can I sell this house for?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll stop doing it when they fall. Well, it doesn't explain housing starts that well, but somewhat well, right? You can see there was a big housing boom in the early 70s, and there was a price increase as well. These are prices of existing houses, not new houses, so it's not necessarily the exact best price series.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But most dramatically, the biggest boom ever is this one in the 1990s until 2006 in home crisis. New starts went up to a record, almost a record level.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, suddenly, the home prices collapsed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is animal spirits driving the economy. I'm calling it animal spirits. It's some idea that people got that home prices always go up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's very hard to predict turning points. When, when will a, uh, a bubble burst?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so a lot of people would like to give up and not try to do that at all. But I think that's a mistake too. Uh, it's about humans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Humans make big mistakes. If you look at history, there are horrible mistakes that people have made. Often unmasked, where millions of people are all thinking the same thing. And it turns out, how can millions of people be wrong? Well, history shows. They've done it again and again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Going to Hubble is a calculated risk. Spaceflight is risky by any means. So in the scheme of things, this is something that I've determined and on behalf of my family that it's worth risking my life for.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When all the work is done, before the final moment that we go back in the airlock, and I'm absolutely sure I'm going to take one, either one last grab on the Hubble or one last look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I do believe this is the last time people will visit the Hubble Space Telescope. And after all that so many people have invested, I think I will vicariously for them, and for real for me, be kind of giving Hubble that last hug before we send it on its way to what really will be an entire new journey of discovery for Hubble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're going to start this section by configuring the VS Code Editor to fit our needs a little bit better. And so that will then make coding a lot easier in the rest of the course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once more here on my desktop, I already have the starter files for this section. So go ahead and get yours from the GitHub repository as well. Even though in this lecture, we're not yet going to need them really, but let's still open VS code because of course we're going to need


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A VS Code window if we want to configure it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, now here on my desktop, of course, I choose the developer skills folder, which is the folder for this section.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once again, we have an HTML file which already has the script linked to it. And then here is also the script file which has


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically nothing. All I put here to get started is activating the strict mode. Because remember that from now on, we should use strict mode in all of the scripts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so I left it here already, so we don't forget it. But anyway, let's now start configuring VS Code, and we will start with a tool called Prettier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Prettier is an opinionated code formatter, which means that it makes assumptions about how good code should look like. And so if we install it and use it, then this will make sure that your code is nicely formatted and also that it will look exactly the same as my code looks in the video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's going to make it easier for you to take this course. And also of course, for you to write your own code in the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This tool is available as a VS Code extension. So let's click this extension button here. And then, here all you have to do is to search prettier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's gonna be this first one. And I of course already have it installed. I just need to enable it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I click here on enable, but you will have to install it and then probably reload VS Code. So I enable it and so now it is working. So install it on your end and reload the browser and then come back here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so let's close the sidebar here again. And so installing this plugin was the first step.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second step is to now actually define Prettier as the default formatter of our code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's go here to preferences, settings, which should look something like this. And then here in the search bar, let's search for default.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this one should be here in case you successfully installed Prettier before. And so let's just click this here and then we should be good to go. We just need to make sure that the Format on Save setting is also correctly set.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So format on save. And we did this actually already at the beginning of the course. But in case you skipped that video for some reason, then just make sure that you actually tick this box here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. And so with that, Prettier should now actually be working. So let's just declare a variable down here and give it a couple of lines of space.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then simply x equal to something and then give it a save.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you see that Prettier automatically did some changes to our code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So first of all, it removed all these blank lines that we had here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it also transformed the single quotes into double quotes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, it also added an empty line of code here at the end.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. So these may seem like small changes, but all of them added up throughout all the code can actually make a big difference. And again, Prettier is an opinionated code formatter. So opinionated means that they have a strong opinion. And then basically when we use the tool, we have to accept that opinion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And many people don't like that, but actually I believe it's a good thing. It makes it so that I don't have to take a decision on how the code should look like. For example, some people prefer to write the if-else statement


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without a space here, and other people like to have a space here. Let's just write something here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now, no matter what we do, Prettier will take that formatting decision away from us. So if I save this now, you see that it automatically inserted that space here. Even if I don't like it. So if I remove it and save it again, it will be back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, but this makes it easier to make your code consistent and to make your code, uh, also consistent with other people's code. And in this case, my code that you can see here in the video. And so if we both use this tool, our code will look the same.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, there are some things that we can configure, and for example, one thing that I don't like is the double quotes. I prefer to use the single quotes. But right now, Prettier will transform every single quotes to double quotes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I add single quotes, give it a save, and you see now they turned to double quotes. And so some things we can actually configure in Prettier. So let me show that to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, probably here. So here we can do options. So configuring prettier and then options. And probably the webpage looks a bit different by the time you're watching the video. But just search for the options here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's take a look at some of the things that we can change. For example, the width of one line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or, uh, if prettier should use tabs or spaces here. Or if it should add semicolons or not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what I'm interested here is the quotes. And so using this option, we can tell Prettier to use single quotes instead of double quotes. And so that's what I want. Now, how do we actually configure Prettier?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, there are multiple ways, but the easiest one is to create a configuration file in the current project folder. So let's go back to the sidebar here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we create a new file, and this one is gonna be called .


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and now here we basically write this object. And it's not really an object because this is not JavaScript code. And so now we write single quote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And actually VS Code already gives us this option here. And then as I hit enter, uh, actually we get this preset value. But I actually want to change it to true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, if I now give this one a save, and then also save this, then you see that it automatically changed my double quotes back to single quotes. Great. Now another thing that Prettier does by default,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is something in arrow functions. So let me show that as well. Closing the sidebar here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] minus the birth year. So just like we've been using. But now watch what happens when I give it a save.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you see that Prettier actually wrapped this single parameter here in parentheses. However, I actually don't like this. So when there's just one parameter, I like to see it without the parentheses. And so that's another thing that we can configure here. And so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we can choose between always and avoid. And so I want avoid here. Okay? And, and so you can take a look at this entire list here if you want.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you can change your own configuration to match your preferred coding style. Okay? Probably by now you don't have yet really a coding style, but it's good to know that you can change stuff, uh, that you don't like or that you don't want to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me, this is the two things that I always change, and as necessary, I keep adding more stuff from time to time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's close it, give it a save to see if this change is now reflected here. And yeah, so as I saved it again, uh, the parenthesis here were gone. And remember that we enabled format on save. And so that's why all these formattings take effect whenever we save a file.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, now if for some reason you cannot make this work, then don't worry. You can still progress in the course without having prettier working.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's because this tool does of course not influence how the code itself works. It's just a visual tool that only changes how the code looks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anyway, this was already a big step on making coding a little bit easier for us. But now I want to show you something else, which is to basically automate something very boring that we're doing all the time. And that is writing console.logs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So whenever we want to log something, we have to write all of this console.log and do all this work. But in VS Code, we can configure snippets, which can take that work away from us. So let me show you how.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we go here, ehm, in the menu, into this preferences folder, or submenu, and then here we can define user snippets. So click on that, and then you can open one of these files, but the best thing to do is to just create a new global snippets file.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So click that, and then just give it a name. And it doesn't really matter. I'm just gonna call it Jonas here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so here we can define a couple of snippets. And remember that the snippet that we want to define is simply one that automatically writes console.log for us. And actually there's already an example snippet down here, which basically does just that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's this here, and so let's just uncomment all of this. So again with command slash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this here is the name of the snippet. Then here we say that it works in JavaScript and in TypeScript. This is the command that will basically trigger the snippet. And here I like to use cl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So whenever we write CL in the code, it will then expand that to console.log. Then here is the code that will actually be written. And here, get rid of this second line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then here, also get rid of all of this. Because I found that this is the best way to make this work. And it's not really important that you understand how this works. This is just a recipe that I want you to follow here, just to make our lives coding a little bit easier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So then give it a save, and once you head back to your script, and now write cl, which, remember, is this prefix, but you could have chosen anything else. But in my case,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whenever I write now cl and then hit enter, it will give me console.log. And then all I need to do is to go back and then write whatever I want to log here. Now here we can also


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like define this dollar sign number one, which is the way it was before. And then this will place the cursor between the parentheses. But then I found that when you do that, the autocomplete in VS code does no longer work. And so that's why I don't use that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you see, now the cursor is here, but then autocomplete does not work. And in this case you can't really see that, but if this variable name was a little bit longer, x, y, z, a, b, c,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then x, y, z. So you see that the autocompletion is not working. I would have to go down and go up again, and only then it would work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so let's just remove that and call it a day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so from now on, I will no longer manually type console.log. I will always just do this. Okay. And now to finish, let's just go, uh, maybe a little bit over my extensions that I have here, just to show you what I use. So let's remove that search text there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so these first two are about HTML development and I'm going to show them to you in the next section. Then these don't really matter. ESLint is a tool that we're going to use later. Image preview is also good for HTML.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, then Monokai Pro is the theme that I'm using, remember? Then of course Prettier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then I have settings sync, which is very useful to synchronize settings between different VS code installations. For example, if you have multiple computers or multiple accounts on your computer. And finally, one that I use all the time is to do highlight. So this allows me to highlight parts of a text.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for example, I can do something like this. So when I write bug in a comment, for example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then it gives me this, a nice red highlight. Or Fix Me is another one. Let me show you my settings here. That will, uh, show how I do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that is preferences and settings. And then we need to go here into this icon. And again, by the time you're watching this, this might have changed. But what matters is that you need to open the settings in a JSON format.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this shows all the settings that I have. And so here is how I defined these, uh, so these color text. So you need to install the to do highlight extension. And then in your settings, you just write this kind of code to define different color text for different texts. Okay. So very useful one again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that's enough for this video. This one was not really about coding or anything. It's just to set us up for the rest of the course and also so that you start getting a feel for a little bit of the tooling that we have in the JavaScript ecosystem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and actually in the next lecture, we will continue doing that. So I see you there in a second.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have known for many, many decades that collisions are an incredibly important part of solar system evolution. You look at the moon and you see craters. So you know that collisions are important. Even on the earth, we've known for decades that collisions have played a big role.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we never have had an opportunity to see a collision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We didn't know what was going to happen when Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter. And it was really possible that nothing would happen at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The planet had rotated enough that the impact site was visible on the disk, and it was huge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To rising something like 3,000 kilometers out of Jupiter's atmosphere. It's huge. It's planetary wide scale. What there was left was clouds that had been seriously disturbed over thousands and thousands of miles, seriously disturbed up to temperatures of tens of thousands of degrees. So if an object like SL nine had hit the earth, it would have been a bad day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It'll be a poignant moment for those of us who have used Hubble. It's just been such a fabulous part of our lives and allowed us to do so much wonderful work. But I think at the same time we're looking forward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of four herbs. She chose rosemary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That means Rosemary has to be front and centre in your dish. You got 60 minutes. Your time starts now. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, I think it's gonna be close today. I think it's, uh, there's two very, very different dishes, and I really feel that the judges are gonna be split on this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, let's work out who's gonna go first, second and third. Hand on a knife, gently pull it out. Okay, hold it up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, Diana, your turn. Let's get this party started. Yeah? This pastilla party.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. What are you tasting? Give us an ingredient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carly, it's simple. You score higher than Blaine. The immunity pin in my pocket is yours. Blaine, time to head to the storeroom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think, you know, you look at it and go, oh, there's not much work there, but there's a lot of work there. I mean, that, that stock in that jug over there is delicious. It's a really beautiful dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blaine, love the fact that you walked into the kitchen and stayed true to yourself and what you do in your restaurant. I loved that. It was just tomatoes, seasoned with a little bit of chicken. I scored your dish a 9 out of 10.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I haven't been completely honest with you, Veronica. I'm sorry. I'm not a fireman. I'm not even from the United States. I'm a spy for the Indian government.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I was a young boy, I used to play cricket with my father back in my hometown of Hyderabad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a peaceful town and my father was a renowned chemist. One day he was approached by members of the CIA, claiming that my father had made the discovery of the millennium in his small lab back at the university where he taught biochemistry. I never saw him again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I vowed to discover the whereabouts of my father, and consequently join the Indian Intelligence Bureau.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sorry. I wasn't supposed to meet you. I wasn't supposed to fall in love with you. But you have to believe me when I tell you that what I feel for you is real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I haven't been completely honest with you, Veronica. I'm sorry. I'm not a fireman. I'm not even from the United States. I'm a spy for the Indian government.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I was a young boy, I used to play cricket with my father back in my hometown of Hyderabad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a peaceful town, and my father was a renowned chemist. One day he was approached by members of the CIA, claiming that my father had made the discovery of the millennium in his small lab back at the university, where he taught biochemistry. I never saw him again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I vowed to discover the whereabouts of my father, and consequently joined the Indian Intelligence Bureau.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sorry. I wasn't supposed to meet you. I wasn't supposed to fall in love with you. But you have to believe me when I tell you that what I feel for you is real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From a two-room schoolhouse in North Carolina to the boardrooms of Motown and MGM and every place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's having that person that you can really count on. I mean, they really count on each other, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It feels good to see Clarence and his wife, you know, as young cats, man, in this, in this business. They look so amazing. And they still look like they got wedding cake on their feet. Like they just walked off a soul wedding cake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you see Clarice or Quincy, it reminds you of whoever you hang out with your homie. Like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First of all, let's just talk about hearing about Babyface, cause I was trying to sing, I was in college, and one of my boys called me, he said, man, give it up. What?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You ain't heard of Babyface, dawg? You know, he been terrible. Dawg, look here, dawg. I didn't put two and two together. Babyface came from the deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, maybe if that's all it was they were gonna do, they would have lasted 10 years. But Clarence said, no, that's how you put the company together. It's how you do business.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is how you take all of this talent that you have, open it up and grab other people that are talented, and now put them out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would hear, and I don't know if I'm overstepping, but I would hear about people that were in very serious situations when it came to life. Just life in general.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they will say the only person that can help you with this is Clarence Avon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure that a lot of white people were very surprised when Mr. Schifrin showed up with his manager. They probably thought he was his valet or his driver.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And saw there was a lot of power in this situation and decided, okay, I landed here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm going to take everything here that's here on this little island that I just landed on and I'm going to use it for good and I'm going to use it to lift up my people and I'm going to use it to push down barriers and I'm going to use it to open doors and I'm going to use it for the right thing. I'm going to use it for justice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the black DJs found out that Dennis' copy was white.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] South Africa is under apartheid. They banned the album. I mean the government literally, it was against the law to sell any of his albums.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I watched my dad smile through that movie like, oh finally everybody gets to see what I saw. I wasn't crazy to take a chance on this guy. I wasn't crazy to put all my money in for this guy. I wasn't crazy to mortgage my house. I wasn't crazy, like I was right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Drives him. I do think it's from his childhood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, she loved telling me stories about her childhood, which wasn't easy. She did domestic works and she was six years old. You know, it wasn't her parents weren't technically slaves, but I mean, they were. And she was fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With her mouth, you know, she didn't take any crap. They're very similar, my father, my grandmother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Growing up, you know, being born in 1931 in the South.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I knew he was very mean. I knew he was very abusive. I was physically abusive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My father has this great sense of music. He understands the vibration of music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He understands that music changes the way you feel. He understands the power of music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think his regret was I didn't really listen to the people that were trying to help me, the people who knew how to run the radio station. And I was too arrogant to listen. You know, he did say he'll never say that, but he did to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was hard for my dad to let go. He was getting very...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] upset because I think he felt insignificant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I remember my dad and I used to swim all the time. I'd always get on his back. He'd be like the big whale and he'd swim me to the deep end and we'd come back and then he'd watch me swim and make sure my backstroke was good. You know, we always had a good time. And then all of a sudden I remember just one day, it stopped.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My mom said to me one day, you know, city national bank may take our house. And I didn't know what that meant. I'm like, what are you talking about? And well, you know, we're, this is closing, Sussex is closing, Bill Withers, like everything just, you know, the, we lost the radio station, everything crumbled at once.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He loves to share his emotions. He's a very intimate person, and my father is not, but it's very good for my father.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My father said, wait a minute, I have these two young guys from Minneapolis, they worked on SOS, they gave me a couple hits, they went to number one, and they're living in LA. We should just put them together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The phone was ringing more. People were always at the house on a Sunday. It didn't matter who it was. I mean, one day I'd walk in, it's Bobby Brown or Whitney Huser. So everybody was coming. Everybody just started flooding the house. Questions, questions. Can you help me with this deal? It just happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dad was, okay, even if he deserves to be fired, I have to get him his settlement package. Because in fairness,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If he were white, he would get a severance package. This guy, he needs to get a severance package.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When they were both running against each other, I remember going to my father and I said, listen, I like them both and I'm not against Hillary or anything, but I feel like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something's happening with Obama, and I really want to be involved, and they're asking me to do things, and, but if it's going to be weird with the Clintons, and he was so great, he looked at me and he said, you're a grown woman. You can make your own decision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I said, I'm really not against anybody. He said, no, go, go. And then of course he said, he's not gonna win.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the inauguration, I became an ambassador to the Bahamas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, and then the best part for me about the whole ambassadorship was having my father's long time friend.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a secretary of state, swearing me in, she didn't do a lot of investors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He came to Washington and I saw this, I had never seen it before, of beaming with such pride.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For him it was like all this shit finally came together and it makes sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was harder on Alex because of his gender, I think. For me, I had a different tape in my head, which was, I'm saying yes to everything because I'm Clarence Avon's daughter, so I'm doing it. I'm gonna do this, I'm gonna do this, I'm gonna do this, but it was always because I was his daughter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told him the other day, I said if you left this planet tomorrow, you fulfilled your purpose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was very clear what your purpose was. It's obvious. And he never wavered from it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never. No matter what business he was in, didn't matter if he was promoting a tour, running a record company, running a radio station, he knew his purpose head on was black people are going to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I'm making a tahini ice cream with brick pastry. My own glaze has done resting so I'm gonna churn it. I have to move on to making my brick pastry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the human race has its warning. We have five billion years to clear out of town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Crab Nebula is the expanding wreckage from a supernova that occurred in the year 1054.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The explosion of the supernova was recorded by Chinese astronomers, so we know exactly when the explosion was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the light from the explosion reaches us, it will be an extraordinary sight. It will be almost as bright as the full moon. All that light concentrated into a point of light in our sky. It will cast shadows at night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's under. I know I'm gonna get in trouble for that, but I'm out of time. I take the piece, put it on the plate, fingers crossed that's good enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A hunk of matter which somehow has gotten so small that the gravitational field right around it is so strong that light cannot escape from it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So even if it tried to emit radiation, the photons would fall back, they would be sucked back by the gravity of the black hole, and it would look invisible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As far as we know, every big galaxy has a black hole at its very center.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't know exactly how this happens. It must have something to do with gas falling in as the galaxy evolves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He called up and he said, you Andy Young? I said, yeah. He said, you running for Congress? I said, yeah. He said, in Georgia? I said, yeah. He said, nigga, are you crazy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said, well if you're crazy enough to run, I'm crazy enough to try to help you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What do you need? That's it, I need everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He called me and he said, do you really notice Jimmy Carter? I said, yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think he organized one of the first big fundraisers for Jimmy Carter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Clarence called me up and said, Andy, you know Hank Aaron? I said, yeah, he lives around the corner. He said, if he's about to break Babe Ruth's record, he's supposed to make some money. He said, I'm not talking about his salary. I'm talking about him having endorsements. Will you tell him that I'm not crazy and I'm going to call him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was his connection to Clarence that helped him to know how to market his value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's been a marriage made in heaven because Hank has probably given away more money to poor kids through his Chasing the Dream Foundation than he made in all the years he was in baseball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There were two teams that didn't much like each other. They were trying to measure the rate at which the universe has been expanding at different times in the past and compare it with the rate at which it's expanding now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, but, but, but, but, your guests are very special people. They're experts in their fields. They're all hardcore meat lovers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That a vegetable based meal is just as mouthwatering, just as delicious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You got two hours. The team that serves the least impressive feast will go into tomorrow's elimination. From there, one of you will go home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You need to hear your voice. They will need to know where they are at throughout the day. So you can achieve what you want to achieve.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cooking a vegetarian feast for a group of meat lovers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You had to convince them that vegetables can be...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can say one thing, it's a close decision today. A very close.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we've all looked up in the sky and seen shapes or figures that are formed by the stars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, there are a total of 88 known constellations, so the most popular ones I think maybe are the Little Dipper, the Big Dipper, etc.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On Earth, exactly. And in the dialogue, we're gonna hear greetings, Earthlings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, so it's like saying hello people from Earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So those are the two words that we are gonna find in this dialogue today. So why don't we start and listen to what happens with our UFO experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the aliens are a little bit belligerent themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so why don't we start by looking at some of those difficult words that we might have found in this dialogue in Language Takeaway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so the consequence of an action are basically the results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so the negative result from your actions. Very good. What about our next word?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have ambitions in your life, in your professional life, in your personal life. So basically we have ambition and we have desires and these are the reasons for our downfall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so the loss of wealth or the loss of reputation or that it's, it gets ruined.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The downfall, we can say like for example, the downfall of the Roman Empire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, a belligerent person, a belligerent attitude, a belligerent country. Okay. Very good. And our last word for today. Anguish. Anguish. Anguish. So, to cause great anguish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so, it is a synonym of pain, of suffering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or for example, the loss of his dog caused him great anguish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so we've covered five great words on Language Takeaway today. Why don't we move on now to putting it together?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and as the alien was criticizing the humans, the guy said, what gives you the right to come and judge us?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What gives you the right? What gives you the right? Alright, so if I tell you what gives you the right to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If somebody is trying to control you or maybe somebody is judging you or doing something to you against your will maybe, you would say, what gives you the right to take my phone away?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. It's a good phrase to tell that other person that they shouldn't do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who are you to play God with our fate?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so to play God is making these arbitrary decisions, like he is the master of everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little bit, but I guess if you are being treated unfair or if you are angry at a situation, it would be a good phrase to use to put your point across.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so UFOs and constellations and stars and planets. Uhm, have you ever had an encounter with one of these?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I imagine that it is really amazing and I guess Canada is the place to be when you wanna see these things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so what about you guys? You should tell us if you've ever seen a shooting star or a meteor or something of this type of astronomy things, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A UFO. Alright, so come to our website EnglishPod.com. Be sure to leave your questions and your comments. And Erica and I are there to answer any questions or doubts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the Starship Enterprise. We don't wish to engage. What is the nature of this attack?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is Captain Jean-Luc Picard of the Starship Enterprise. We don't wish to engage. What is the nature of this attack?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, we are the Christensen's, we're here to see the apartment. Oh hi, sure, come on in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, we are the Christiansons, we're here to see the apartment. Oh hi, sure, come on in. Well, as you can see,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] John is planning on renovating his nightclub so as to make it more modern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Robert is worried that the square footage of this land is not big enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Neil. And I'm Dan. Now then, Dan, what do you think of dating apps? You know, apps on your phone that help you find a romantic partner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't say I've ever used them myself. How about you? Neither have I, but I've got friends who have very successfully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll find out the reasons for this shortly, but first a question. Even though dating apps are not used as much as we might think, they are still big business. But do you know how big? Around the world last year, how much was spent on them? Was it a less than half a billion dollars?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's say over a billion dollars. Well, we'll have the answer at the end of the programme.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Elizabeth Tinnamans is a researcher who studied the use of a particular dating app. She spoke on the BBC's You and Yours radio programme on Radio 4. Her study confirmed that comparatively few people who used the app used it to arrange to meet up with someone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She talks about the people's motives for using the app. Motives is a word which means reasons. So what were those motives?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tinnamans said that people use the app to pass the time and simply for entertainment. What other motives did you mention, Dan?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is another view as to why people are not using dating apps for actual dating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is Zoe Strimple, who is a dating historian. She argues that because there is so much choice and so many opportunities to find a partner through an app, it can make the dating process unpleasant and people get tired of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She says that people feel disillusioned and jaded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, time to review today's vocabulary but first let's have the answer to that quiz question. I asked how much was spent on dating apps last year? Was it a, less than half a billion dollars?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dan, you said? I said C, over a billion dollars. Well, the total was just under six hundred million dollars, so the correct answer was B, between half a billion and a billion dollars. Good guess if you got that one right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, now it's time to recap today's vocabulary. Our first word was motives. A motive is your


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next phrase was out of curiosity. This is when you do something for no particular reason other than you are interested in seeing it or trying it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that can lead to your being jaded, which is a feeling of dissatisfaction and boredom with something that's been going


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I hope you aren't disillusioned with 6 Minute English and will join us again next time. In the meantime, find bbclearningenglish.com online and on social media and on our own app. And before you ask, it's not a dating app. Bye for now! Bye bye!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1983, I went to run a place that was then called MCA Records.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I probably had the job maybe a week, and I get a call from our chairman, Lou Wasserman, and he says, uh, Clarence Avon would like to have lunch with you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I remember we went to the Chinese restaurant up at the lot and we're sitting there walking and he said uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, putting MCA into the black music business.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, I said, yeah, I really would. He says, well, that's good, because I'm going to tell you what to do anyway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He staffed our entire black music label. I right then figured out he was the godfather.


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[Assistant] You know, we're in a business with a bunch of assholes. You got five of them sitting here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we went to meet him, we also knew that, you know, he handled Jimmy and Terry. So, we needed to know him because we wanted to be Jimmy and Terry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If he felt like you were going out there and doing for others as he's tried to do for you, then I think he would feel much better about not getting that. But if he feels like he did all this and you did nothing with it and you helped no one, then that was a bad investment of my time and my love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Clarence is the type of person that wants everyone to do better because he understands that there are strength in numbers and the bigger that we are together, the bigger we will be as an entire culture.


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[Assistant] There will never be another Clarence Avon. However, his goal is to plant seeds so that there can be individuals just like him.


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[Assistant] You could not be an African American candidate in this country running for a serious office in anything and not have consulted with Clarence Avon on the way things should be done.


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[Assistant] That's right, we're gonna listen as a man, uhm, checks in at the airport and deals with his luggage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna hear this guy say, I'd like to check three pieces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. Luggage is a non-count noun. So you can't say one luggage, two luggages, three luggages. That's wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's not what we want to talk about now. We want to talk about some really useful vocabulary in Language Takeaway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means to, uh, to give your bags to the airline to register them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly. All right. So carry on luggage. Now he was traveling on an intercontinental flight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and the compartment is a place where you can put something and store it. Kind of like a box.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this guy was pretty angry about this airline policy and he said, how am I supposed to?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so I can understand that it means, how can I do this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we use this phrase, uhm, when someone's pushing you too much, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, charge an arm and a leg.