[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think this is a product of momentum that we started off doing this when it was just a few engines, a few hundred million gallons of fuel over the whole world, not that big of a deal, and then slowly but surely over a century it got out of control? And now it, it's not just our fuel, but it's also, I mean,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The president's been tweeting about it, it's gotta be real. Clean coal, all caps. Did you see? He used all caps. Clean coal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have you thought about something like that? Like some sort of a filter? Giant building sized filter, sucks carbon out of the atmosphere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some sort of subsidies or some encouragement from the government financially.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now what is the bottleneck in regards to electric cars and trucks and things like that? Is it battery capacity?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make it more efficient in terms of like the distance it can travel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And your roadster, you're anticipating 600 miles, is that correct?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is there any possibility that you could use solar power, that solar powered one day, especially in Los Angeles? I mean, as you said about that giant nuclear reactor a million times bigger than Earth just floating in the sky. Is it possible that one day you'll be able to just power all these cars just on solar power? I mean, we don't ever have cloudy days. If we do, there's three of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, that, the, uh, Jaguar E-Type with a giant long hood, that could be a giant solar panel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Didn't a Fisker have that on the roof? The Fisker Karma new generation for, I believe it was only for the radio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you laugh when they started blowing up when they got hit with water? Do you remember what happened?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, yes. When the, uh, the hurricane came in, they got overwhelmed with water and they all started exploding. This fucking great video of it. Did you watch the video?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Watch that video, laugh my ass off. They all blow up. They got wet and they blew up. That's not good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happens if your car gets a little sideways, like if you're driving in snow? Like what if you're driving, if your autopilot is on, and you're in like Denver, and it snows out, and your car gets a little sideways? Does it correct itself?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So like, if you're going sideways, it knows how to correct itself?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Porsche does a lot of that too. They do a lot of their, they do some of their driver training school on these frozen surfaces. So you're just, the car is going sideways whether you like it or not and you have to learn how to slide into corners and how to adjust.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's realized that your wheels are not getting traction. It understands there's some slippery surface that you're driving on. Yes. And it makes adjustments in real time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just that alone, for loved ones, you'd want them to be driving your car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you take that into account with like the same sort of fatalistic, you know, undertones, just sort of just go, uh, you gotta just let it go. This is what people do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He blamed him falling asleep on your new car smell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank God. Thank God there's a judge out there with a brain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of them. What about that judge that sent those boys up the river in Pennsylvania who was selling those kids out? You know about that story? Yeaah. The judge was selling young boys to prisons. He was like literally, yeaah, literally under bribes for, he was...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he put away, he would take like a young boy would do something like steal something from a store. Okay. And he would put him in detention for, you know, five years. Something ridiculously egregious. And uhm, they investigated his history and they found out that he was literally being paid off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, was it by private prisons? Is that what the deal was? There was some sort of, uh, but anyway, this judge is...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone, it was proven to the point where they're in jail now, that someone was paying them to, uh, put more asses in the seats in these private prisons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel that same way about police officers. I feel like there's so many interactions with so many different people with police officers that the very few that stand out that are horrific, we, we tend to look at that like this is evidence that police are all corrupt and I think that's crazy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I couldn't agree more. I think there's also an issue with uhm, one of the things that happens with police officers, prosecutors, and anyone that's trying to convict someone, or arrest someone, is that it becomes a game. And in games, people want to win, and sometimes people cheat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like we want to look at the worst case scenario and say this is an example of what this is all about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even with people, how they frame genders. Some men frame women like that. They get ripped off by a few women and they decide all women are evil. Some women get fucked over by a few men, all men are shit. And this is very toxic. And it's also...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a very unbalanced way of viewing the world, and it's very emotionally based, and it's based on your own experience, your own anecdotal experience, and uh, it can, it can be very influential to the people around you, and it's just, it's a dangerous way, it's a dangerous thought process and pattern to promote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think of the vast numbers of us that are just interacting with each other constantly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have to be better than we think we are. There's no other way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now there's a flamethrower, fake flamethrower here, it's not a flamethrower. Now we got a real problem. I'm gonna put it on that side too, I'm gonna leave it for the guests. Yeah. I'm gonna like, look man, if I say something that fucked up, it's right there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, that's, I mean, that's the armed, uh, civilization theory, right? That an armed, uh, community is a safe and polite community. You ever been to Texas? It's kinda true. Yeah, I mean...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you can buy fireworks where, you know, your kids go to school.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but it's free. It's free. There's something about Texas that's very enticing because of that. It is dangerous, but it's also free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I prefer it over places that are more restrictive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But more liberal, because you could always be liberal, like just because things are free, and just because you have a certain amount of, you know, right-wing type characters, it doesn't mean you have to be that way. You know? And honestly, there's a lot of those people that are pretty fucking open-minded and let you do whatever you want to do. Right? Unless you don't bother them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's my hope right now with, uhm, the way we're able to communicate with each other today and how radically different it is than generations past is that we all just the dust settles and we all realize like, like what you were saying that most people are good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think you're right. You know what could help that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, right? They're good for you too. All of them. All kinds of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, what do you see in terms of, like, when you think about the future of your companies? What do you see as, like, bottlenecks?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What do you see in terms of like bottlenecks of things that are holding back innovation?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it regulatory commissions and people that don't understand the technology that are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Influencing policy, like what, what could potentially be holding you guys back right now?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're up on technology. What do you think about this government policy of, of stopping use of Huawei phones and there's, there's something about the, the, the, the worry about spying. Is, I mean, from what I've understand from real tech people, they think it's horse shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I- I- Like phones? I don't know. I don't know. Uhm. Like the government say, don't buy Huawei phones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the argument by a lot of these tech people is that the real concern is that these companies like Huawei


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now they're the number two cell phone manufacturer in the world. Samsung's number one, Huawei is number two, Apple is now number three. They surpassed Apple as number two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, and the worry is, you know, that these are somehow or another controlled by the Chinese government. The communist Chinese government is gonna distribute these phones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I don't know if it's, the, the worry is economic influence? That they'll have too much power? I don't know what it is. Are you, are you paying attention on any of this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A time where you think that there will be no security. Where it will be impossible to hold back information. That whatever bottleneck will, will let go. We're gonna, we're gonna give in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, right now they're confused, but when you're talking about your Neuralink and this, this idea that one day we are going to be able to share information and we're going to be some sort of a thing,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's symbiotically create, uh, symbiotically connected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But also, what we will be, is we'll be so much different. Our concerns about money, about status, about well, all these things will seemingly go by the wayside if we really become enlightened. If we really become artificially enlightened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By some sort of an AI interface where we have this symbiotic relationship with some new


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is important and what is not important? Is privacy important when we're all gods?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well some people care about it, but then it gets weird when you, when it gets exposed. Like Jennifer Lawrence, when all those naked pictures of her got exposed. Like I think in some ways people liked her more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They realize, like, she's just a person, just a girl, who likes sex, and is just alive, and has a boyfriend, and sends him messages, and now you get to look into it, and you probably shouldn't have, but somebody let it go, and they put it online, and alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She seems to be doing okay. She's a person. She's just you and me and it's the same thing. She's just in some weird place where she's on a 35 foot tall screen with music playing every time she talks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where we really do become something far more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Powerful in terms of our cognitive ability, our ability to understand irrational thoughts and mitigate them. And that we're all connected in some sort of an insane way. I mean, what are our thoughts on wealth? Our thoughts on social status? Like how many of those just evaporate in our need for privacy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe our need for privacy will be the ultimate bottleneck that we'll have to sup- that we'll have to surpass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it's a consumer-oriented business as opposed to like SpaceX and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is when you had those cool roadsters with the T-top, with the, um, uh, target top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the 7%. Yes. Everything. Including tires and wheels. Bolts. Brakes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, but not bad considering like a 9-11 which is like one of the most popular sports cards of all time. Heavy rear end bias.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell that friend to go fuck himself. Who told you not to swear?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. That's not a good friend. Yes. That means to realize you're fucking Elon Musk. You can do whatever you want, man. If you ever get confused, call me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just say frickin'. It's a fun way, those like, old house moms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well if you know how to turn into the corner, once you get used to the feeling of it, there's actual benefits to it. You know, there are some benefits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The older ones, right. About an hour later, the car accelerates. And super dangerous too, cause then the real wheels start spinning. Yeaah. Yeaah. There's something fun about it though, like feeling that rear weight kicking around. You know, and again, it's not efficient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's, that's what I was talking about earlier about that little car that I have, the 93 911. It's just, there's, it's not fast. It's not, it's not the best handling car, but it's more satisfying than any other car I have.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it's so mechanical. It's like everything about it like crackles and bumps and it gives you all this feedback and I take it to the comedy store because when I get there I feel like my brain is just popping and it's on fire. It's like a strategy for me now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That I, I really stopped driving other cars there. I drive that car there just for the brain juice. Just for the, the inner, the interaction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's good. For LA regular days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How hard is it to get like one of them crazy plugs installed in your house? That difficult?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Didn't you come up with some crazy tiles for your roof that are solar paneled?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, are those available to the consumer right now? Well, we have, uh, I think those on that roof right there? Yes. That's amazing. Oh, that looks good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, so you got that kind of fake Spanish looking thing. I like that. That's French light. That's white people in Connecticut smoking pipes. Look at that one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's bad ass dude. So. That will actually work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I believe you. So the, the, the solar panels that are on that house that we just looked at, is that sufficient to power the entire home?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. They don't have a smart home where if you're in the room, then it stays cool. Right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have you thought about creating an air conditioning system? I know you have. Trick question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, let's just let it go. We'll move on to the next thing. That would be an interesting idea. Yeah, I would say radiant, heating, all that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good ideas. Now when you, when you think about the efficiency of these homes and you think about implementing solar power and battery power and is there anything else that people are missing? Is there any other, like, I just saw a smart watch that is powered by the heat of the human body and some new technology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know if it's fully or if it's, like this watch right here, this is a Casio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's called a, uh, Pro-Tech and it's in like an outdoors watch and it's solar powered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so it has the ability to operate for a certain amount of time on solar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you have it exposed, it could function for a certain amount of time on solar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know what's fucked up about that though? We accept a certain amount of, like, fuckery with those watches. Like, I brought my watch, I have a Rolex that, uh, my friend Lorenzo gave me, and I brought it to, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The watch store, and uh, I said this thing's always fast. I said it's always like after a couple months it's like five minutes fast. And they go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They can't, they tried. They say every few months, whether it's four months, or five months, or six months, it's gonna be a couple minutes fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, the whole luxury watch market is fascinating. I'm not that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's some of these people that are just taking it right in the ass. They're buying these watches for like $750,000. I'm like, yo, that's a Timex, son. Nobody knows. It's not any better than some Casio that you could just buy online. Like, look at that, though. Well, here's the thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're a person that doesn't just want to know the time,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want craftsmanship. You want some artisan's touch. You want innovation in terms of like a person figuring out how gears and cogs all line up perfectly to every time it turns over it's basically a second.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, that's just, there's, there's art to that. Yeah, I agree. It's not just telling time. I like this watch a lot, but if it got hit by a rock, I wouldn't be sad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just a watch, it's a mass produced thing that runs on some quartz battery. But those things, there's art to that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. Love it. Yeaah. There's something, there's something amazing about it. It's a, because it represents the human creativity. It's not just, it's not just a, a electronic innovation. There's something, there's, there's a person's work in that. Yes. But you don't have a watch on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What if you lose your phone? You wait, hold on, let me guess. You are a no case guy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Neil deGrasse Tyson. Neil deGrasse Tyson was in here last week. I marveled at his ability to get through life without a case. That's right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, he takes his phone and he flips it in between his fingers, like, like a, like a, uh, uh, a soldier would do with his rifle. Really? He just rolls that shit in between his fingers. Okay. Marvelous. Wow. He says that's the reason why they do it. He said, when you look at someone who has a rifle, why would they do that? Why would they flip it around like that? Right. So that when it goes to drop, they have it in their hand. They catch it quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's what he does with his phone. He's just flipping his phone around all the time. I got that in Mexico. I was hoping it holds joints.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Try to put a joint in there, close it. You put like one, one blunt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One. But it seems pretentious. You know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the idea behind it. I bought it when I was in Mexico, cause I figured it would be a good size to hold joints.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's not just a drug, it's a drug that gets a bad rap. Because if you just have a little, it's great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, a little sip here and there and you just, your inhibitions are relaxed and it shows your true self and hopefully you're more joyous and friendly and happy and everything's good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The real worry is the people that can't handle it, like the real worry about people who can't handle...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cars that can go 0-60 in 1.9 seconds or anything. Have you ever considered something


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That like imagine if one day everyone has a car that's on the same at least technological standard as one of your cars. And everyone agrees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The smart thing to do is not just to have bumpers, but to perhaps have some sort of a magnetic repellent device. Something, some electromagnetic field around the cars, that as cars come close to each other, they automatically, radically decelerate because of magnets or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is there a concern that one day all your cars will be on the road and that they'll still be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regular people with regular cars, 20, 30 years from now, that'll get in the mix and be the main problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you ever stop and think about your role?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In civilization, do you ever stop and think about your role in the culture? Cause me as a person who never met you until today, when I think of you, you know, I've always thought of you as being this weirdo super inventor dude who just somehow or another keeps coming up with new shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's not a lot of you out there. Like everybody else seems to be, I mean, obviously you make a lot of money and there's a lot of people that make a lot of money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you want one? I'll get you one. Sure. Okay. Done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like weird things like this. Oh, this is the coolest. It's TGT promotion. What is this? TGT Studios? TGT Studios? Yea. Yea. Uhm, it's a gentleman who makes all this by hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, get ready for another one. Alright. I'm sending it your way. Cool. You want a werewolf too? I'll hook you up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think about your role in the culture? Cause me as a person who never met you until today, I've always looked at you and like, wow, like how does this guy just keep inventing shit? Like how do you, how do you keep coming up with all these new devices and what do you ever consider how on you, like I had a dream once.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That there was a million Teslas. Instead of like one Tesla, there was a million Teslas. Okay. Not Chesley the car, but Nikola.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In his day, there was a million people like him who were radically innovative. It was a weird dream man. It was so strange. And I've had it more than once.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in this dream, it's 1940s, 1950s, but everyone is severely advanced. There's flying blimps with like LCD screens on the side of them and everything is bizarre and strange.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it, it stuck with me for whatever, and obviously this is just a stupid dream, but for whatever reason, all these years that stuck with me, like it takes one man like Nikola Tesla to have more than a hundred inventions that were patents, right? I mean, he had some-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pretty fucking amazing ideas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's not a million Elon Musk's. There's one motherfucker. Do you think about that? Or you just try to not?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, most people wouldn't, but they can't be you. So that's like, that's like some superhero type shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I wouldn't want to be Spider-Man. I'd rather just sleep tight in Gotham City. I hope he's out there doing his job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I showed you the isolation tank and you've never experienced that before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that could help you turn it off a little bit, just for the night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, just give you a little bit of sleep, a little bit of perspective. It's magnesium that you get from the water as well that makes you, makes you sleep easier because the water has Epsom salts in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But maybe some sort of strategy for, uh, sacrificing your biolo- not sacrificing, but enhancing your biological recovery time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By figuring out a way, whether it's through meditation or some other ways to shut off that, that thing at night. Like you must have like a constant stream of ideas. It's running through your head all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't actually notice any effect. Well, there you go. There was a time where I think it was Ram Dass or someone gave some Buddhist monk a bunch of acid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've never meditated to the level that some of these people have where they're constantly meditating all day. They don't have any material possessions and all of their energy is spent trying to achieve a certain mindset. I would like to cynically deny that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd like to cynically say, they just fucking think the same way I do. They just hang out with flip-flops on and make weird noises. But maybe no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I would imagine that for someone like you, it's not. Someone like you...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It'd be more like a cup of coffee, right? You wanna, you have a mate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, weed is. No, I'm saying you would like more. More like what would be beneficial to you would be like coffee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Give you satisfaction when you complete a project. When something, something that you invent comes to fruition and you see people enjoying it. That feeling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, that, do you think that that is maybe the way you recognize that you have this unusual position in the culture where you can uniquely influence certain things? Because of this, I mean, you essentially have a gift, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You would think it was a curse, but I'm sure it's been fueled by many, many years of discipline and learning, but you essentially have a gift and that you have this radical


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sort of creativity engine when it comes to innovation and technology. It's like, you're just, you're going at a very high rpms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think that perhaps productivity is maybe more attractive to you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then enlightenment, or even the concept of whatever enlightenment means. Like what are you trying to achieve when you're meditating all the time? With you it seems like almost like there's a franticness to your creativity that comes out of this burning furnace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And for, in order for you to like calm that thing down, you might have to throw too much water on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like what is it like? Like try to explain it to a dumb person like me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's going on in the head? Never ending explosion. It's just constant ideas. Just bouncing around. Yes. Whew. Damn. Yeah. So when everybody leaves, it's just Elon, sitting at home, brushing his teeth. Just a bunch of ideas bouncing around in your head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who? All time. When did you realize that that's not the case with most people?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, did you feel diminished by it in any way? Like, knowing that this is a weird thing that you really probably couldn't commiserate with, with other people? They wouldn't understand you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you thought this is so radically different than the people that are around me. If they find out I got this stream coming in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think this is like, I mean, there's outliers, biologically.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You mean there's people that are seven foot nine, there's people that have giant hands, there's people that have eyes that are 2015 vision, there's always outliers. Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you feel like you like caught this? Like you have got some, you're like on some weird...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Innovation, creativity, sort of wave that's very unusual. Like you p- you tapped into


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, just think of the various things you've been able to accomplish in a very short amount of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're constantly doing this. That's a weird, you're a weird person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. Like, what if there's a million Elon Musk's?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, I think that's the case with a lot of folks. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you, when you think about making things that someone loves, like do you specifically think about like what things would improve people's experience? Like what, what would change the way people interface with life that would make them more relaxed or more happy? You really think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would be sad in terms of the, the, just the, the finite lifespan of the earth itself and the solar system itself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That even though it's possibly, you know, I mean, how many, how long do they feel like this sun in the solar system is going to exist? How many hundreds of millions of years?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, is, is it sad that we never leave because in 500 million years that happens? Is that what you're saying?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's biological travel. That's cells traveling physically to another location.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I don't think so either. I used to think so. And now I'm thinking more likely less than ever, like almost every day, less likely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That'd be the craziest place ever if we colonized Mars and re-terraformed it and turned it into like a big Jamaica.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you can warm it up, you can add air, you can get some water there. I mean, over time, hundreds of millions of years or whatever it takes. We could be a multi-planet species. That would be amazing. If we could legitimately like air-conditioned Saturn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's great. We're glad, as a robot, that you love humans, cause we love you too, and we don't want you to kill us and eat us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I think one of those, I think part of that is just they've been, you know, they've been struggling. When people struggle, they associate their struggle with other people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They never internalize their problems, they look to other people as holding them back, and people suck, and fuck people, and it's just, you know, it's a never ending cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it is. It sounds corny because we're all scared. You know, we're all scared of trying to love people, being rejected, or...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone taking advantage of you because you're trying to be loving. Sure. But if we all could just relax and love each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, deleting social media from your applications, from your phones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Does that give you a 10% boost to happiness? What do you think the percentage is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, what's interesting with you, you actually occasionally engage with people on Twitter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you ever think about how odd it is, the weird feeling that you get when someone says something shitty to you on Twitter and you read it? The weird feeling? This weird little negative jolt. It's like a subjective negative jolt of energy that you don't really need to absorb, but you do anyway. Like, well fuck this guy. Fuck him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is, but it's a weird, it's in, in its form. Like the way, if you ingest it, as if you're like, you try to be like a little scientist as you're ingesting it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're like, wow, how weird is this? And I'm even getting upset at some strange person saying something mean to me. It's not even accurate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's hard, and people love it when you say something and you take it back and they're like, fuck you, we saved it forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fuckin screenshot that shit, bitch. You had that thought. You had that thought.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's even like, the thing is they don't want you to be able to delete it. Because the problem is, if you don't delete it and you don't believe it anymore, it's really hard to say, hey, that thing above, I don't really believe that anymore, I changed the way I view things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cause people go, well fuck you, I already have that over there, I'm gonna just take that, I'm not even gonna pay attention to that shit you wrote underneath it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's, it's this thing where there's, it's, it's a, there's a lack of compassion. It's a lack of compassion issue. People just like intentionally shitty to each other all the time online and trying to catch me. It's, they're more trying to catch people doing something that's arrestable. Like a cop trying to like get, you know, arrests on his record.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like they're trying to catch you with something more than they're logically looking at it thinking it's a bad thing that you've done or that it's an idea they don't agree with so much they need to insult you. Trying to catch you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's weird. It's not a normal way of human interacting. It's cheating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're not supposed to be able to interact so easily with people you're not looking at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, thanks for doing this, cause, uh, I know you don't do a lot of, uh, long-form stuff like this. I hope I didn't weird you out, and I hope you don't get mad that you smoke weed. It's not bad. It's legal! We're in California. This is just as legal as this whiskey we've been drinking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly. This is all good, right? Cheers. Thank you. Uhm, is there any message you would like to put out other than love is the answer? Cause I think you really nailed it with that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I couldn't agree more, and uh, I want to thank you not just for all the crazy innovations you've come up with and your constant flow of ideas, but that you choose to spread that idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we now know that, uh, just turned 1am on the morning of the 30th, yesterday morning, uh, the dead woman, Wilma McCann, was alive and well and standing on this spot. She came out of the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Room at the top club which is over the road there, and she was standing here and just turned one arm, a man in a private car, uh, was forced to stop when she jumped into the road in front of his car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She said to him, can you give me a lift to Scotthall Road, which is where she was found dead actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wilma McCann was a girl who liked the nightlife, uh, she associated with people, night clubs, and, uh, she was somewhat of a prostitute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The present time we don't know the identity of the lady


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we would like anyone who recognizes the description should rather like brown hair in the mid forties. We don't know the motive at the present time. We don't think it's sex and we don't think it's robbery at this stage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The police came to the door and told me about Mam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being at 17 and a half years old, it was all new to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I didn't realise how serious it was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pull the cover off first. Identifier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got told about the injuries of what she'd got and she'd been stabbed 56 times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, this is how today's gonna work. You guys will choose an ingredient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are you ready? Uh, yeah. Your time starts now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but probably not as much as Jazz, because he's still not back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Should we go and check on Gaz? I think he may actually go for the record.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Boys, come and have a look at the moment of truth here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now it's all in the tasting. Jazz, come on down. You'll be right, man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The rules are really simple. You got 60 minutes, and that's it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] George is under control. He's now experimenting with kohlrabi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, that was great fun. Seriously. You guys pulled it out of the hat. Big time. Now it's time to taste.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 10 out of 10. Cutting through that. Beautifully cooked. Pink lamb. Wonderful. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gazette speaks all about the history of great cooking. And well done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the closest decisions ever in MasterChef history, in my opinion. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jane's body was found in this adventure playground off Reginald Street. But the police deduced that she hadn't been killed here. From marks on the grouse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They could tell that the body had only been dragged to this spot after the murder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A phenomenon that captivated a nation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The biggest and most famous guest in MasterChef history worldwide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which of these amazing dishes looks amazing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Will earn their makers a spot in the class of 2018.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That will leave two contestants speechless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know, at the end of the day, no one knows how you're feeling better than these nine winners. When they enter the MasterChef kitchen, they're all good home cooks just like you are right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they stand here today as living proof that dreams can come true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're gonna have 60 minutes to do it. If you get three yeses from us, you get one of those aprons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If the dish isn't up to scratch, you get three no's. Sorry to say, you'll be going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we're also looking for that glimmer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That tells us you could be the next Adam Liao or Andy Allen. And if we see that, we'll give you a chance to cook again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The burnt butter's been taken to a nice dark place, so it's hazelnutty, which is what's so good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We want you to come. We need some advice on your daughter's dish. Will you come with me? Come, let's take a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's fantastic. I think there is a room full of people out there who are desperate to know how you've gone, so I think you should go and share the really good news with them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, hey. What's your name? I'm Rhys. Ohhhh, look at that. You've got, uhm, dessert, you've got crumbs. Where you from? I'm from Newcastle. Oh, so Andy Allen territory, yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That seem of bitterness that runs through both the granita and also yunuga through the zest. That combined with the herbaceous of the thyme, it's a great combination. So for me, for me that is a yes dish for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When George picks up a pot and starts to just shovel it in his mouth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. You know what the main thing is, you got touch. I can't fault it. Hmm, two yeses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's your name? I'm Lucky. Lucky, I'm Thor, nice to meet you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have an overcooked lamb, which is really the cardinal sin. Flavors work really well together. Pea puree is delicious. It just needs finesse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I love, what I'm excited about is I'm excited about where you're going to be in a year's time. Yep. And if you continue to do what you're doing right now with that energy and with that drive, that dish polished will get you an apron. Yep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No matter how much you practice this single dish, nothing can prepare you, you know. You can't underestimate how hard it is to actually cook here as opposed to being in Ireland.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, okay. What's the dish and why are we going to love it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your flavors have got that telltale sourness which is kind of classic Mexico City. You are a massive...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think putting some of this basically just butter on top of quite a fatty bit of meat is too much. These aprons are precious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To get an apron on three yeses, it has to be an impeccable dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fact that you hadn't made either noodles or the spring roll wrapper kinda makes me go, I wanna see that you've got those skills.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's enough on the plate for me to say it's a yes from me. You've got a second chance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, we've got 16 April is down, we've got some more people to see, and, gee, the food has to be spectacular because the benchmark is, is hype. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes those, yeah, sometimes those uhm, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we go back for multiple tastes of a dish, it means one of two things. Either we love it, or there's something we're not quite sure about. There's something that we're questioning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, and we've got an intermediate lesson today about spending money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, we're going to be listening to a business meeting as a company describes how they're spending money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's a document that outlines how much money the company makes and how much it spends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so we're gonna be listening to, uh, some people discuss a profit and loss statement in just a moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But before we do that, it's time for vocabulary preview.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and maybe in a household or a family, your expenses might be your food,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps your transportation or your rent or your heating bill. So these are all things you spend money on regularly. They're expenses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's totally true. Gas prices have gone really high in the past couple of months.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, we typically use this word with numbers. It also gives you the idea that the number has risen really quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't worry if you don't understand everything because we will explain all of the key language in a minute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so this accountant, she's, uh, pretty thorough, hey?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In today's language takeaway, we're going to look at three words, and the first word is expenditures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So expenditure sounds pretty close to expenses, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So expenditures is the total amount of money that you're spending on something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, this is a really common word and it basically means look at carefully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In English, we often find simple little words, they fit together really well, and you think, oh, they're so easy, like the word go, over, so easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's the way that they interact with each other that makes them...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, so go over in this case, we might say, uhm, let's go over the lesson.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so we've taken a look at our language takeaways for today. I think it's time to listen to the dialogue one more time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and you know, I heard a lot of really great phrases in this dialogue that I'd like to look at now in Fluency Builder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Marco, do you think I can change off the charts for through the roof in these examples?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so two ways of saying really, really, really high.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's true. Okay, so this next word is a phrase that you can use if you want to tell somebody that you'll check something or you'll investigate something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So look into that. That means I'll check something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so I think we've got another word that does mean you're going to take action.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well Marco, I guess one of the benefits of being an executive in a company, especially a large company, is you get a lot of amazing benefits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, so you can go out to a restaurant, get the receipt, and claim the expenses at work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Marco, I'm curious to know what our listeners' expenses are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well let's see, my spending on Coke Zero has gone through the roof since we started this podcast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, you can find us at EnglishPod.com and Marco and I are always there to respond to your questions and comments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the dish is birria. It's an emblem, it's a representation of the complexity of Mexican food. And of course, bone marrow and tostadas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not leaving here without an apron. What's your name? My name's Meta. Meta.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have kukyushitaki mushroom chicken, garlic rice, and a company, uh, bok choy. This is, uhm, my heritage. Which is? Which is Hakka. Hakka people are nomad people. We are well known for our cuisine being, uh, fatty, uhm, salty and fragrant. Sounds good to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And somewhere cheap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's find something cheaper, shall we? Uh, yes please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where are the Scott Hills? In Antarctica, near the South Pole. Near the South Pole? But that isn't hot! No, but it's a very cheap holiday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told you, you can't have everything. Look, we want somewhere hot and cheap. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, this one's just right for you. Is it cheap? Oh yes, it's cheap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only £200 for two people. That's very cheap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it somewhere hot? Oh yes, it's hot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Margarita in the south of Spain. The Hotel Fantástico is very quiet, only five minutes walk to the sea, and it has a swimming pool. Ooh, that's wonderful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here are your tickets. Have a nice holiday. Goodbye. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, uh, yes, perhaps I did say that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How about two plane tickets to Australia? It's exciting, hot and very far away. Oh, wonderful. Let's take them. Here are your tickets then. Have a nice holiday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tickets are only to Australia. Perhaps they're never going to come back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is spectacular. I'm speechless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And who will be the first to leave the MasterChef kitchen?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I'm cooking a dessert that I recently did at a dinner party. It's chocolatey and coffee and nutty and, well I really love it, so, fingers crossed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't believe we're about to finish our first cooking in the MasterChef kitchen. I'm just so excited to present this dish to the judges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Wind in the Willows Episode 64 Toad on the Road


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suddenly he remembered his escape. I'm free! He cried. I'm free! I'm free! Toad jumped up and down with joy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before long, the boat was next to Toad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a German scientist was looking through a microscope at insect cells and he saw something kind of funny.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the center of the cells, there was this dark stuff. No one had ever seen it before. And he noticed that as the cells would multiply and divide, it would go into some of the new cells, but not the others. He didn't know what it was, so he gave it a really great name. He called it the X element.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he was like, we'll just fill in that X later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, fast forward 10 years later, and there's an American scientist and she is looking through her microscope, also at insect cells.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she sees something funny. There's more of this dark stuff. Uh, and it's kind of tiny, it's hanging out near the X element. And eventually someone was like, well, if that one thing's called X, like, should we call this other thing Y? And like that, the sex chromosomes had been discovered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, chromosomes, you probably all know what they are, but I will tell you anyways. They're made up of DNA.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything has it. It's the blueprint of life. We've got rats, we've got trees, we've got insects, we've got humans. And in the case of human chromosomes, uh, geneticist Melissa Wilson broke it down for me like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So while all the other chromosomes are numbered, one through 22, we do not call X and Y 23.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like to think that they were waiting for like a Lebron James to come along, but


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this instance, they were like, we're just going to keep the letters and then we'll give them a title. They called them the sex chromosomes. Now I would wager that in the United States, these are the most well-known chromosomes for one simple fact. That we say X equals girl and Y equals boy. That they are responsible for sex.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, and I had to learn this, but when I'm talking about sex here, I'm talking about the way biology gives us gonads, right, which are our ovaries and our testes. I'm not talking about gender, which is how we identify.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, as a reporter at the show, uh, Radiolab, the audio documentary program I work for, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was like, what's up with these sex chromosomes? You know, like that's kind of my job. I think things are weird and then I get to call people about them and ask questions and then hopefully they answer. And in this case, a lot of people answered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in the two years I had of reporting on X and Y as part of gonads, the series on sex and gender I ended up doing for Radiolab, I found out that these two chromosomes live in a world that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's unexpected, a little unsettling, where things that I thought were facts were like twisted in ways I hadn't seen before. And the world goes so far beyond the boundaries of sex. I was like ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe we should all talk about this. Uhm, so, you're you all. We're all gonna talk about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So within years of being discovered, these two little chromosomes had acquired more than ten different names. There was diplosome, and uh, heterochromosome, and idiochromosome, and most of the names had to do with their structure, their shape, their size, and then there was sex chromosomes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which they had been given because of the fact that we had started seeing that the X would go with the females and the Y would often go with the males. But scientists were like, do we really want to call them sex chromosomes?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And science historian Sarah Richardson is the one who told me this story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Scientists, if you dig into the history, it's really cool, you should, were hesitant to like commit to such a specific name and such a powerfully connotated name. There was a fear that it would actually be really limiting, maybe to science, maybe to society, but the fear was in the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can see, they ended up getting sex chromosome. It's like a pretty juicy title. I mean, it was, it popularized genetics, you know? Uhm, but,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the 100-year history since we settled on that name, you can see it start to get a little complicated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So around 1960, this is going to be our first kind of stop on the complicated world of the sex chromosomes. So around 1960, uh, we had discovered that you could be XYY. They discovered an XYY man. And


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To digress a little here, it turns out that the model of X equals girl and Y equals boy is really simplistic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can actually be a whole bunch of different combinations of X and Y, giving you like different types of biological sex. You can be two X's and two Y's together. You can be four X's, you can be five X's, you can be X, O,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, I thought that was pretty crazy, because I was like, wow, this really upends a model of biological sex. I think most of us in this room have been taught. So a few years after they realized that you can be X, Y, Y,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the logic goes like this. By this point, we're thinking, why is male?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, they started scanning more prisoners, serial killers, uhm, boys, and in all seriousness, there was actually a suggestion that we consider aborting XYY fetuses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in 1980, this theory pretty much toppled for a number of reasons. One ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There had been this really large study that basically showed there was no connection between why and violence. I think we all saw that coming. And then there was one other thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What you see is if you start looking at these chromosomes through the lens of sex, what naturally falls in place behind is we look at them through the lens of gender and the traits that we associate with gender. So men were violent and why explained while they were in prison. The ex did not do that because like, you know, what's ex? We don't associate it with violence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And while we don't believe in, uhm, super males today, God, I hope we don't, we don't believe in super males today, there is a very similar conversation that's still happening around inherent violence in boys and biology. So my next stop ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the weird world of X and Y or things feeling a little topsy-turvy is 1985.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The World University Games were set to happen in Japan, and, uh, the Spanish hurdler Maria Jose Martinez-Patino was scheduled to run. She was like a hot shot, a rising superstar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the night before her race, they had her DNA scanned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, at the time, this was a thing that they were doing because they were like, okay, we don't want men covertly racing as women, so we're going to scan the women and make sure all their exes line up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so I heard this story from Ruth Padower, who is a New York Times Magazine reporter, and she reported on Maria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they were like, we hate to break it to you Maria, but you're actually a dude. You can't race with the ladies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it turns out, remember when I told you it can be a bunch of different combinations of x and y?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can also be x, y and be female. You can be x, x and male.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Maria's case, she was something called androgen insensitive, which means that she did have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some sort of internal testes, they were making testosterone, but her body couldn't use it. And so if you thought of testosterone as like a superpower, she was not benefiting from it. And so eventually sports authorities like let her back in, but her career was done. And in this instance, you see how


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you assign sex to a specific place in the body, or at least like, this is what I saw, right? If you assign sex to a specific place in the body,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It somehow makes us think that we can go into a body, look at a specific place and tell someone we know something more about them than they know about themselves. And that feels terrifying to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we don't genetically test female athletes anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last place that I'll share with you where these chromosomes got complicated for me is this one thing that Melissa told me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Love you all, and I want you all in, but because of what we're overlooking by the fact that, uh, we consider it female. Because I'm going to tell you, my


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the craziest things I found out, which is when you think about the X chromosome,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of the almost 1,100 genes on the X chromosome, how many do you think have to do with sex and reproduction? Just like, get a number in your head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I guess as all of these, sort of some of them social stories, some of them scientific stories, some of these facts started to add up, I just thought like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why are we calling these the sex chromosomes? Or if we are, like maybe we all like that name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Should we just allow ourselves to think about them a little more broadly? Because if we do, like, what insights would we gain as people, as scientists? And we're at this point where we're thinking about, like, how do we want to teach science? What do we want to fund? Like, who do we want to be as a society, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I just wondered if it wasn't a moment to rethink the biology of X and Y, and at the very least, to remember like the footnotes of history, which is that ...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dude who came up with the phrase, sex chromosome, actually was like, hey everyone, just remember, this is just, and I quote, a form of shorthand. We should not take it literally. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I'm cooking an orange curd cupcake. Kashi was very kind to us today, so I'm actually going to give him a handshake when we get out of here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These are paparella, which is a mashed potato with a spicy beef filling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My mind's racing, I don't really know what I'm gonna do at this stage. It has to be wow factor, it has to be simple, it has to basically just deliver all the goods, which is gonna be tough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a few ideas running in my head at the moment but the main aim for me is to make sure I meet the design brief and for me, I want to achieve a simple dish but an effective one at the same time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've decided to utilise an egg because I think that properly cooked egg always has that wow factor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The judges are drilling in the idea of restraint. So I want to make sure that the onion sings in the dish. There's a lot riding on today's cook. The bottom three you don't want to ever, ever be in. So I'm aiming for the top three with hopes that my dish can get me there. And the chance for immunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dish today is going to be a green sauce, a salsa, a soft-boiled egg which is sitting below a charred onion skin and an onion broth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The idea is that it'll look like an onion, but when the judge has cut into it, it's an egg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've taken the onion out of the stock, so now the next step for me to do is make sure that I put some char onto the onion skin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm planning to serve the onion broth on the side. I've spent a bit of time on this onion broth trying to make sure it's perfect, just to make sure it's balanced properly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've decided to play upon the concept of a boiled egg inside of a charred onion skin and an onion broth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first step for me is to plate the salsa verde. I create just a little well in the middle and on top of that I place the egg and just on top of that is the charred onion skin. I'm really happy with the way the dish looks. I've met all the briefs but I might be annoying as to whether or not I'll keep the onion broth or not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The judges are always telling us if you're not happy with an element of the dish, don't plate it. And that's why I decided not to plate it. I just hope that it is the right decision.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd really love to be given the opportunity to cook for immunity, but I'm just a little bit hesitant. I'm still deciding if it was the right decision for me to leave the broth off or not. What's the dish?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I've caught a charred onion. What I've prepared for you guys is just a little salsa on the bottom with pine nuts, capers, anchovies, parsley. And I took an onion skin, an onion film on top and then below that a soft boiled egg and I just torch the onion on top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm thinking to myself, if this egg in itself is not runny, then I'm straight down to the bottom three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm incredibly relieved. I know that there are some really good dishes that were cooked today. I just hope it makes me eligible for top three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know that there were a few dishes up here as well that were eligible for top three, so I'm super stoked that I get to cook for immunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave and Ava. Alphabet Train.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A. A is for apple. Ah, ah, ah, apple. B. B is for bus. Buh, buh, buh, bus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Y. Y is for yellow. Yuh, yuh, yuh. Yellow. Z. Z is for zebra. Zuh, zuh, zuh. Zebra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, you are doing great! Keep it up! Here we go, one more time!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'm thinking this is my week. I've got nagella here. So I kinda wanna cook a savoury dish today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm kinda nervous, I'm gonna cook my first savoury of the competition, so uhm, taking a little bit of ferrets, but hopefully it'll work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't even begin to explain how awesome it would be for Nigella to taste my dish today. In terms of expectation on myself and wanting to impress, this is the ultimate day for me to present a good dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna try like chili and cherry, like a little jammy relish that's on the side, and then I'm gonna make some crackers as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love the look of splats on the plate. As I'm doing it, it's looking really cool, so I just go crazy and cover the plate with cherry syrup. Next is my parfait. And I'm gonna kinda encase it in with some crackers so it looks really cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I did really well in the mystery box, so now I really, really, really want to get into that immunity court with Kristen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You'll crack the twill and that will open up being, like, underneath it will be the warm chocolate mousse. So, like, a little bit of a surprise factor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I've come up with a plan to elevate that off my moose using a ring cutter the size of the shape of the bowl. I'll be using like this size ring, uhm, and then you can see that it will sit above and the moose will be on the bottom and go through that way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I made a warm chocolate mousse with a burnt butter ice cream and a chocolate twill. The crack's gonna be the twill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And today with Erica, we have a very aggressive lesson for you today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, today at EnglishPod, we're protesting. So Erica, why don't you tell us what a protest is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, and you yell and you have signs and everyone's just protesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Definitely, definitely. So why don't we start with our vocabulary preview?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, these people are really angry. I think they're furious. Well, I think they have some good points, and we'll talk about that later. But now...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, and one of those words and the first one for language takeaway is injustice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's unfair, yeaah. This is an injustice. Let's look at our second word. Outrage. Out rage. Out rage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Erika, why don't you give us an example on how you would use outrage?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, there we go. That's an outrage. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Breakout. Breakouts. So we have some great examples on how we use breakouts, so let's listen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but we have some great examples prepared for you, so let's listen to them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have the nerve to. It's like, I can't believe you would do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so today let's look at some grammar breakdown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, and in today's lesson, we saw some really great examples on how we use the present perfect tense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but now if you want to indicate or if you want to demonstrate that the action has finished, the event is over, then you would say it like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So remember, the difference between present perfect and simple past. Now if you want to know more about these tenses, present perfect and simple past,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Be sure to go to our website at EnglishPod.com. In the grammar section you can find some more great examples and a really clear explanation on how these tenses are formed. But now we are ready to listen to our dialogue a second time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I would agree with you on that, but you do have to take into consideration the fact that if these companies go bankrupt, thousands of people will lose their jobs. And not only the people that work at the factories, but also people that work for other companies that supply these factories.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it could be, but also maybe all three companies can go bankrupt. It would be sad because the American car, the American auto industry is a symbol of prosperity. Yeaah. It's also the symbol of like the American culture in general.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so it would be a shame for it to go... bankrupt. Because everyone owns a car in the United States, or most people. And it's just something that we can't lose. But it is an interesting topic, and we also want to know your opinions about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sergeant Ring and I, we're, uh, on just normal beat patrol in a Panda vehicle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Having been in immunity already, I'm feeling really confident coming into this. I haven't made an ice cream in competition, so I've decided to make a frozen nougat and peanut caramel chocolate bar inspired by Snickers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm gonna do the nougat, ice cream in the middle and then I'm gonna do a salted caramel and then the chocolate on top. The sound is gonna come from the snap of the chocolate bar when the judges bite into it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make the Nougat ice cream, I make an Italian meringue. I make a simple sugar syrup and I pour it into whisked egg whites. I'm rushing to get this in the chiller as I'm a little worried I may not have enough time to set. I'm just hoping I can really pull this off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm ready to finish my chocolate bar. I have my biscuit base, my peanut caramel, my chocolate ready. But I'm unsure at this stage whether the new bar is set. I'm so worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I take the nougat ice cream mold out of the chiller, I realised straight away that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although my dish doesn't look spectacular.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I made a frozen chocolate bar inspired by Snickers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After he was arrested, there was a kind of desire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For him to be the monster. He has to be completely outside the culture that he comes from. And I thought this cannot be true. You know, people, people don't kind of spring fully formed without any connection to the, the society they grow up in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The key thing really that emerges is that he'd grown up in an atmosphere where contempt for women and dislike of women was normalized and the idea that women are victims, all of that was there already.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sutcliffe's father had been violent and had beaten up his mother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Boys who grew up in a violent household often resist the violent parent, who's usually the father, and sometimes they actually side with the mother, which apparently lived it as a child.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think he identified anything to do with women and femininity as weakness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And at some point, he switches and becomes a violent man himself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think this was his way of being a man.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were so wedded to this theory that he was a prostitute killer. And no matter what happened, they managed to find a way to cling to it. Even when they were wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By going down that route, they were completely getting the case wrong. And so the women they thought were mistaken victims, they didn't listen to their evidence, they thought they'd got it wrong. And so they were actually excluding incredibly important eyewitness evidence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the senior detectives were men. They were from a very limited, very similar background. They had very similar prejudices. And they walk into this case without any understanding of it at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you are looking for a figure from Victorian myths, you are unlikely to come up with a lorry driver from Bradford.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the first thing it did was to make women feel very unsafe and to realize how much the responsibility was on us to look after ourselves because the police weren't actually going to do it for us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was really the beginning of women pushing back and saying, no, why shouldn't we walk around at night? You know, why shouldn't we walk around at two o'clock in the morning without having to worry uhm, that somebody might attack us? So I think it, I think it


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd had a good mate at work and, uh, he was king gardener. So we got an allotment and we're gonna grow all our own veg and stuff there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd got to die off work, he'd got to die off work before I would go down to the allotment and get the shed up. I was getting all the old bricks from Nestle Air Base.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I only realised later on that I'd rolled my wheelbarrow over the skill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I ran out of the phone box across the road. 1-9-9-9. David Edward in minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know there's a little bit of time left, but I'm just gonna push. That's all I can do today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That in an absolute sense, Sutcliffe did know what he was doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marilyn Moore was able to give the police a good description. They drew up an identikit picture. It's one of the strongest clues so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mrs. Pearson's body was hidden under a settee on waste ground in Bradford's Red Light area. Police think she died soon after disappearing two months ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Detectives describe the ripper as one of the most cunning killers they've ever had to trace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But how can you as a mother let your daughter be a prostitute in this area?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today you'll be cooking my apple and rosemary cha cha cha.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love it because it speaks of the season and my home, the Barossa. Everything that is in that grows in our property, our orchard. It is really special to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could hear how light that pastry is. It's beautiful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The apples must be really evenly cooked. I want the flavor of the apple and the slight hue of the pink lady to come through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, this is nothing more than a cover once you have your apples in the caramel. Okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sameera, that is so lovely for me to hear because if ever there was one thing I wanted to do is make people feel comfortable about food. I cook by feel and I saw you cooking by feel. Yes. And uhm, so, we have a connection here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right Maggie, what do you reckon? Well it has the layers, the pastry seems to be in layers, which is what we wanted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I took it right from the edge because that lovely wavy part of the pastry where you could see all the layers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The caramel is just right because the apple is shining through. It's really good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not just the colour, it's that pooling of sort of globules of the caribou because what should just be nicely flowing is not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The caramel too bitter, so it makes the apple too bitter. It's not balanced. And the apple doesn't have enough structure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sadly, pastry is so dense, it's got a really good texture when it's right on the side, but that's...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I felt your nerves and I understood them so well. But I was so proud that each of you got a ta ta tan up for us to taste.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're not familiar with contour plots or contour figures, some of the illustrations in this video may or may not make sense to you, but it's okay and if you end up skipping this video or if some of it doesn't quite make sense because you haven't seen contour plots before, that's okay and you still understand the rest of this course without those parts of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's our problem formulation as usual with our hypothesis, parameters, cost function, and our optimization objective.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unlike before, unlike the last video, I'm going to keep both of my parameters theta 0 and theta 1 as we generate our visualizations for the cost function. So, same as last time,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We want to understand the hypothesis H and the cos function J.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here's my trading set of housing prices, and uhm, let's pick some hypothesis. You know, like that one. This is not a particularly good hypothesis, but if I set theta 0 equals 50 and theta 1 equals 0.06,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then I end up with this hypothesis down here and that corresponds to that straight line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, given these values of theta 0 and theta 1, we want to plot the corresponding, you know, cost function on the right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're drawing plots that look like this as a function of theta 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But now we have two parameters, theta 0 and theta 1, and so the plot gets a little more complicated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It turns out that when we had only one parameter, the plots we drew had this sort of goal shaped function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Depending on your training set, you might get a cost function that maybe looks something like this. So this is a 3D surface plot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So as you vary theta 0 and theta 1, the two parameters, you get different values of the cost function J of theta 0 comma theta 1, and the height of the surface above a particular point of theta 0, theta 1,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, that's the vertical axis. The height of the surface of the point indicates the value of J of theta 0 comma J of theta 1. And you can see it sort of has this bowl-like shape. Let me show you the same plot in 3D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here's the same figure in 3D with axis 0, theta 1 and vertical axis J of theta 0, theta 1. And if I rotate this plot around,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You kind of get the sense, I hope, of this bowl-shaped surface. That's what the cost function J looks like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, for the purpose of illustration, in the rest of this video, I'm not actually going to use these sorts of 3D surfaces to show you the cost function J. Instead, I'm going to use contour plots or what are also called contour figures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess I'm doing the same thing to show you these surfaces. So here's an example of a contour figure shown on the right where the axes are theta 0 and theta 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what each of these ovals, what each of these ellipses shows is a set of points that takes on the same value for J of theta 0, theta 1. So, complete the, for example,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's, you know, take that point and that point and that point. All three of these points


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like just drew a magenta, they have the same value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For j of theta 0, theta 1. Okay, this is a theta 0, theta 1 axis, but those three have the same value for j of theta 0, theta 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you haven't seen console plots much before, think of, imagine if you will, a bow shape function that's coming out of my screen so that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The minimum, so the bottom of the bow is this point right there, right, this middle, the middle of these concentric ellipses. And imagine a bow shape that sort of grows out of my screen like this. So that each of these ellipses, you know, has the same height above my screen, and the minimum of the bow


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this point, right, this point in red corresponds to one particular pair of values of theta 0 comma theta 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they correspond in fact to that hypothesis, right? Well theta 0 is about 800, so this intersection of vertical axis is around 800, and this is a slope of about minus 0.15.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now this line is really not such a good fit to the data, right? This hypothesis h of x with these values of theta 0, theta 1, it's really not such a good fit to the data. And so you find that its cost


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a value that's out here, that's, you know, pretty far from the minimum, right? This is pretty far, this is a pretty high cost, because this is just not that good in fit in the data. Let's look at some more examples.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Point, those are my parameters, theta 0, theta 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] is equal to zero. So, you know, let's break that out. The state is zero equals 360, say to one equals zero. And this pair of parameters corresponds


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that hypothesis corresponds to a flat line, right? This is h of x equals 360 plus 0 times x. So that's my hypothesis. And this hypothesis again has some cost and that cost is, you know, plotted as the height of the j function at that point. Uhm, let's look at just a couple of examples. Here's one more, you know, at this value of theta 0 and at that value of theta 1,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And again, not a great fit to the data and just actually moving further out from the minimum. Last example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is actually not quite at the minimum, but it's pretty close to the minimum. So this is not such a bad fit to the, to the data, where for a particular value of, uhm, theta zero,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever this value is, and for a particular value of theta 1, we get a particular h of x. And this is, this is not quite at the minimum, but it's pretty close. And so the sum of squares errors, the sum of squares distances between my training examples and my hypothesis, that's the sum of square distances, right, of all of these errors,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is pretty close to the minimum, even though it's not quite the minimum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So with these figures, I hope that gives you a better understanding of what values of the cost function J, and how they are, and how that corresponds to different hypotheses, as well as how better hypotheses may correspond to points that are closer to the minimum of this cost function J.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, of course, what we really want is an efficient algorithm, like an efficient piece of software for automatically finding the value of theta 0 and theta 1 that minimizes the cost function j. And what we don't want to do is to, you know, have to write software to plot out this point and then try to manually lead on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's not a good way to do it. Uh, and in fact, we'll see later that, uh, when we look at more complicated examples, we'll have higher dimensional figures with more parameters that, that it turns out, we'll see in a few, we'll see in lateness course examples where this figure, you know, cannot really be plotted and it becomes much harder to visualize.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In his eyes, it is his duty to vanquish these behemoths in the name of his beloved lady Dulcinea. However, this act of valor is ill-conceived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never discouraged, the knight stands proudly and becomes even more convinced of his mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This sequence encapsulates much of what is loved about Don Quixote, the epic, illogical and soulful tale of Alonso Quijano, who becomes the clumsy but valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, known as the Knight of the Sorrowful Countenance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Despite Don Quixote's lofty imagination, his creator, Miguel de Cervantes, could never have imagined his book would become the best-selling novel of all time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Barring five years as a soldier and five more enslaved by pirates, Cervantes spent most of his life as a struggling poet and playwright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It wasn't until his late 50s that he published his greatest creation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this time, medieval books chronicling the adventures of knights and their moral code dominated European culture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While Cervantes was a fan, he was wary of these repetitive tones, which focused more on listing heroic feats than character development. To challenge them, he wrote Don Quixote, the story of a Hidalgo, or idle nobleman, who spends his days and nights reading chivalry novels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Driven mad by these stories he fashions himself a champion for the downtrodden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone in his village tries to convince him to give up his lunacy, going so far as to burn some of the lurid books in his personal library. But Don Quixote is unstoppable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He dresses up in all shining armor, mounts his skinny horse, and leaves his village in search of glory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cervantes' novel unfolds as a collection of episodes detailing the mishaps of the valiant knight. Yet unlike the chivalry books and perhaps all other prior fiction, Cervantes' story deeply investigates the protagonist's inner life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don Quixote matures as the narrative develops, undergoing a noticeable transformation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This literary revelation has led many scholars to call Dom Quixote the first modern novel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this character development doesn't happen in isolation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Early on, Don Quixote is joined by a villager turn squire named Sancho Panza.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Numerous editions were published across Europe in the 17th century.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even in the Americas, where the church banned all novels for being sinful distractions, audiences were known to enjoy pirated editions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After a rival author attempted to cash in on a fake follow-up, Cervantes released the official sequel in response.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as in real life, Cervantes included his novel success in the world of his characters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This unconventional meta-awareness created philosophical complexity as the knight and his squire ponder the meaning of their story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don Quixote argues that our imagination greatly informs our actions, making us capable of change and indeed making us human. How do you exercise your creativity?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Check out this playlist for some ideas on how to get started.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello English learners and welcome to EnglishPod. My name's Erica and I'm here with... Marco? Marco, hurry up! I'm coming! Hurry up Marco, we've got a lesson!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right, an elementary lesson about being in a rush and about giving directions when you're in a car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to listen to two friends who are getting in a car and they're getting ready to go somewhere and they're in a big hurry. So let's hurry up and listen to the dialogue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly. You might also say, speed up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So our third word for today is having a fit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, this is a funny phrase and I think listening to a few examples of this phrase might help us understand its meaning a little bit better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My boss is going to have a fit if I don't finish this on time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It means you get really angry and you can't control your emotions. So maybe you start screaming and maybe some steam comes out of your ears.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, quite simple. It gives you the idea that you go through something quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, or let's cut through the backyard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, so if I take a shortcut, I go the short way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well I think that was a lot more clear this time. You know, there was some great language in that dialogue and I would like to look at how we can put it together. Putting it together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're going to show you how you can use these phrases like a native speaker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and we can extend this phrase to say, make a right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exactly, that means turn the car 180 degrees all the way around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so let's move to our second phrase, and it is, are you nuts?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are you nuts? So this is a great way of saying


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mad. So when would we use a phrase like this?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Marco, let's stop this podcast right now. Are you nuts? Okay, I think that's a good example of how we can use this phrase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think that's clear, and now we can move to our third phrase, which is, let's take a side street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we can take this phrase and extend it out with a few more words. We might say, let's take Wilson Avenue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's take a side street. Let's take Wilson Avenue. Let's take the freeway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well this dialogue is all about driving, right? Yes. And in North America, where both of us are from, uh, driving is everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's the thing. In many countries, you have to wait till I think you're 18 to drive. But, uh, in North America, everyone has a driver's license by the time they're 16 years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a lot less likely to have, uh, subways or trains to travel by in North America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to Brilliant for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Brilliant.org slash SciShow to learn how you can take your STEM skills to the next level this year.