[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By running the lights and powering the air conditioning. Each dancer creates up to 20 watts of power, which isn't odd on its own, but add together more than a thousand people on the dance floor, and now you're really talking. This idea has also been tested at a larger scale on a highway in the Netherlands, where it could produce enough power to sustain traffic sensors without the need for solar panels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It might also make sense in other places with high traffic, like subway platforms or busy sidewalks. So the next time you feel a little extra spring in your step, it might just be…


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All that power you're leaving behind. Now if there's one thing humans do more than anything else, it's talk. At least me. And when you talk,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your vocal folds create vibrations in the air that propagate outwards. And remember where there is motion,


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[Assistant] There is energy. As a kid, you might have put this vibrational energy to work transmitting sound if you ever tied a string to two cups to make a simple telephone. This idea might be simple, but during World War II, it was used in a big way. But by the end of the war, naval officers could communicate between the decks of a ship.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or even across an island, using nothing but voice-powered telephone.


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[Assistant] A sailor talked into the device. A special generator would convert the vibrations from their voice into enough electricity to send the message up to 16 kilometers


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And while we obviously have more advanced communications equipment today, these voice-powered telephones can still be found on US Navy ships for use in emergency situations. But even if you never set foot on a ship, sound power


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 2012, researchers at the Queen Mary University of London experimented with tiny generators that could power a pacemaker based on nothing but the sound of your heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For use outside the body, there's also the phenomenon of triboelectricity, which is basically a fancy term for static electricity. Triboelectric nanogenerators work when two different materials repeatedly collide or rub against one another, exchange electrical charge and generate a current. And in 2015, researchers published a way to power these tiny generators


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's obviously not a ton of power, but these nanogenerators have been successfully adapted for tasks like air filtration in noisy urban environments. Wind power, of course, is one of the oldest forms of energy generation. But even here,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's room for new ideas. Over the last 20 years, electricity generated from wind power has grown from virtually nothing to nearly 10% of all US power. But wind turbines are big, expensive things to build, which limits where they can be placed and how they're built. That's got some energy investors considering the use of giant


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's called crosswind kite power, because the kites spend most of their time flying perpendicular to the wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One project under construction in the UK will use a pair of kites flying in a figure 8 pattern to produce up to 500 kilowatts of electricity. And theoretical studies suggest improved designs may be able to create up to tens of megawatts in the future. That's probably at least a little more than you were getting when your sweet butterfly kite took to the skies as a kid. Alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've got one wacky source of power left, and it's maybe the most remarkable of all of them creating electricity


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Literally out of thin air. Well, kind of. The power comes from the moisture the air has absorbed. One of the most promising approaches developed in 2020 at the University of Massachusetts Amherst is nicknamed AirGen. The device is made of a 7 micron thick film of nanowires derived from


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When this combination is exposed to humidity in the ambient air, the film absorbs molecules of water, and a moisture gradient forms. Some of the water molecules will be ionized or electrically charged, so that moisture gradient creates a gradient of charged particles. Those charges then flow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without ever having to plug it in. And incorporate it into paint, it could potentially help your walls generate electricity to power your home. At least...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're discovering the kinds of properties we could only dream of in the past. Of course, just because all of these forms of power are possible doesn't mean that they will prove to be practical. But all of these things reveal just how much energy is around us


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Literally all the time. If we can find a way to harvest even a bit of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you've enjoyed this helping of Quirky Engineering, you might like to keep learning with an engineering course from Brilliant. In keeping with our theme, there's even a course on solar energy, which will teach you everything about how we capture energy from the Sun. And there are tons more courses, not just in engineering, but in basic science, computer science, and math.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just all kinds of new ways to learn something new. If you're interested, you can go to Brilliant.org slash SciShow to learn more. And you'll save 20% off an annual premium subscription if you use that link to sign up. So thank you for your support.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eh, we used to have a bunch of women here that did most of the milking. But most of them drifted off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jim Milton. Hey. Sit down, I'll show you how. Approach her calm now. She don't take too kindly to surprises.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey! We're gonna make a dairy made of your paw yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's enough, Jim. Come on. How about you and the boy, uh, help me clean out the stables? Sure. Come on, son.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, Mr. Melton. Thank you. No worries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mr. Jim? Mr. Jim? Hey! Uh, there's a telegram messenger for you. Over air. Near the house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You saved my life. You're a good man, and I, uh, here. You want a pen? It's one of them steel ones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure. You, uh, got any work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That happened a lot. This line of work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some dumb old coot, I know, is telling me there's these houses you can buy pre-cut.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You boys ready? Yes sir, we're ready. Good. Cause you're about to get shot at over a god damn hammer. You wanna build a house with a sniper rifle then? I know old Neil's real well. I'll get you a good deal. Thank you sir. Alright then, let's go buy us some tools.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My darling Abigail, I hope you and Jack are doing well. I remain a fool, and I'm sure I shall die a fool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'm trying very hard to be something like the man you deserve. I have done something very silly in an effort to impress you. That is, I've purchased a home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The land you read about in the newspaper up at Beacher's Hope is now ours and we are going to try our hand at ranching. Mr. Geddes kindly helped me buy the land. I met uncle while I was coming out of the bank and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While I know your feelings about him, he has been enormously helpful in his own fashion. Charles Smith has also appeared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And is unsurprisingly a pillar of strength. Together, we've built you a home. I hope soon to show it to you. I miss you and the boy more than I can express. Please come back to me. Yours always, John.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll give you another fatal condition. We don't get on with things around here, and we'll all starve! Get on with what? Farming!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really enjoy begging and watching you make a fool of yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little house. A barn. Look at this place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do like eatin' though, right? Cause we gotta find some food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He'll be okay. We just gotta get him somewhere warm and calm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes, sometimes, you just don't know how things are gonna turn out. But, but the dog...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never. You ain't never burying me. It's legal work that I can handle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Willard Wayne. Okay. This is my associate, Jim Milton. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He heard you was the best. Best smith around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He needs some tools. He's building a ranch house up at Beecher's Hope. Beecher's Hope, okay. Have you got any made? Uhh, okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like I said, an acquired taste, but a heart of gold, and he's the best. You off someplace, Mills? Okay!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Milton is, uh, working with Cakes Hardwood and Timber in town. Should I get them to pay you and add it to his bill up there? Okay. Come on, let's get moving.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How's that score you stole off us? Which one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I like that. It's like I said, this is a charismatic leader.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Y'all always loved the ladies Dutch van der Linde. I like that about you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, Sheriff Thomas, Sheriff Thomas! He want their friend back!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have about ten seconds, Sheriff Thomas, before we kill all of you fools! One! Don't be a dumb bastard! Two! This is a good town now! Three! Let them have it, boys! What was that? Come on! The jail! The jail!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] John! Get out here! Uncle's gone!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm heading back to my little camp, run back a strawberry. Come see me!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well I normally take it. For personal consumption, it's sort of part of the job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, I better get back home. Why don't I just take a jug or two and leave you boys the rest to show that there's no hard feelings on account of the war.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He used to say some of us is not as American as others. If you know what I mean. Only I didn't quite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't know me! That you keep robbing me!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My name is Leviticus Cornwall! I am not a man to be messed with by the likes of you! Get out here before I have these men killed!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'd like to say I missed your refined conversations, but I'd be lying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tim, and today we are talking about AI, or Artificial Intelligence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a lot of talk about AI these days, Neil, but it's still just science fiction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Going back to AI and what machines can do, are they any good at solving real life problems? Computers think in zeros and ones, don't they? That sounds like a pretty limited language when it comes to life experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well now it might be a good time to listen to Zubin Bahramani, Professor of Information Engineering at the University of Cambridge and Deputy Director of the Leverhulmer Centre for the Future of Intelligence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's talking about what limitations AI has at the moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good to hear. So things we take for granted are doing everyday tasks like walking, picking something up, or recognising somebody.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We implement or perform these things without thinking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas it's cutting edge research to try and program a machine to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know, it's very strange, but now you've reminded me that we need the answer to today's


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First up was Artificial Intelligence, or AI.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smartphones for granted these days, but before 1995, hardly anyone owned one. Number five.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How many of the things that we take for granted, we humans take for granted as being sort of things we don't even think about, like how do we walk, how do we reach, how do we


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Recognize, uh, our mother, you know, all these things. When you start to think about how to implement them on a computer, you realize that it's those things


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That are incredibly difficult to, uh, get computers to do, and that's where the current, uh, cutting edge of research is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello everyone, and welcome to our very first actual lecture of WebLab. Okay wait, that wasn't a diss on Kenny. Thank you Kenny for the amazing kickoff. Uhm, so to introduce ourselves, I'm Abby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we are going to be your co-academic chairs for WebLab this year. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please feel free to come to us if you have any questions about anything academic related, whether that's, can we have more office hours? I'm stuck on this. Or whether that's, oh my gosh, that last workshop was way too fast. Please help.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, or, y'all did great on this thing. Uhm, please give us lots of feedback. We really want to hear how your experience is going so that we can make it better for y'all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's say that Tony, Nick Tisow, and I are going to be working together on a coding project. And we're trying to figure out how we're gonna, uh, work on the same project all together. I propose that we use Google Docs, but with code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Somewhere along the line, you ended up deleting a function here or there. And then, an hour later...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, sure. So if I give you the benefit of the doubt on that one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's still a problem. Because I'm also working on this project. And I was a normal human being and went to bed at midnight last night and I didn't see all the changes in the group chat that you guys were making.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At its core, all Git does is it keeps track of changes. So it uses some fancy math to say, okay, if you have this old version of the file and then you change all these things and then you have a new version, what is the difference between the old version and the new version?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I have this example file, and then I add something, and then I remove something,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Git looks at version 1 and version 3 and says, oh okay, I can see that I added this and I removed that. And this is the information that Git stores.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so before we move on and actually talk more about what Git is doing, we are going to get you guys set up with a Git repo on your laptops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No? Okay, can you zoom in? Yeah, I'll make it back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just a reminder that if you get stuck, uhm, you can hop on the help queue using webweb.is slash queue and one of the staff, we have lots of staff here, will come and help you. Please do if you're stuck, uhm, because we need this for later on during our lecture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are going to talk about that later and forgot to take it off the slide. So do not worry about that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, cool. I think we are going to move on, but feel free to, uhm, it's okay if you haven't finished this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't think so, I think it should be fine. I mean, it might mean that you are on an old version of Git.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, I mean, on the insulation guide, I think we probably have the most recent version. Yeaah. Yeaah, so what's your question?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Raise your hand if you still need more time for this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're making some commits. So this is our first commit, and this is our second or something. And then we decide to branch. So we're gonna branch off from here, and then we might make some more commits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then let's say we go back to main and we decide to make some commits on main, maybe we're just like making small bug fixes and this branch is for a feature.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then if we're on the branch, and we do git log, then we'll see this sequence of commits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then if we're on main and we do get log, then we'll see this sequence of commits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're going to go into a lot more detail on merging and how that works and you're going to try it out in our second Git lecture which is going to be on Friday. But for now we're just going to go on a high level. Uhm, basically what merging does is it


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ish, we're being a little hand wavy with it. It takes the changes from your branch, the changes from main, or whatever you're merging into, and combines them together with a merge commit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do we collaborate? Because notice that we were talking about object graphs, we were doing version history, committing, etc. All on your laptop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this does not connect with the web, it does not connect with anything else. Uhm, so how do we work together?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basic idea is that you have on your computer a representation of your project. And we have an object graph which sort of represents the history of your project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what we're going to do in order to collaborate is we're going to take that and we're going to put it on a server online. So that's what GitHub does for us. It just hosts, uh, our project and the object graph online.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As our attorney, how do we keep what we're doing on our computers synced up with what we have online?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, that last part you do not need to be fully following. This is just a preview of what's gonna come and also what we're gonna be using in our workshops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was good, and next up we're gonna have, uh, HTML and CSS.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know I need someone to ride with me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hear the last of them is holed up at Hanging Dog Ranch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a fool, Mr. Milton. Not all you boys have quite so many scruples. Old Micah Bell? Micah? You mean Molly? Molly O'Shea?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you boys came back from the Caribbean, and he's been a good boy ever since.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi everyone, uhm, welcome to day three. Uh, I just want a quick announcement. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Going forward, we'll be using Zoom for live streaming and recording the lectures. And so if you're tuning in live, uh, weblab.ish slash zoom to join the Zoom call, and we'll be sharing multiple displays on Zoom, and uhm, to switch between displays, you can click view options at the top and switch between the screens under shared screens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, we probably won't be using Panopto anymore, but if you have any feedback, just let us know and we'll try to see what we can do. And thanks, so with that, thanks everyone for the feedback so far and uhm, I'm gonna hand it off to Abby and Tony for announcements.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each team are gonna be serving a hundred diners. You're gonna serve a shared entree for four, two main courses, and one dessert. You've got three hours to prep before service starts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen up teams, 45 minutes down already. Just over two hours to go. You need to motor. Let's go. Come on guys. Come on, come on, come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't think we could have picked a more perfect location for two fabulous pop-up cafes. Absolutely brilliant. It was a massive task today and we think you did brilliantly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you're in luck. You see, if you sign up for our three-year plan, we'll throw in a handset for free. Really?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Catch. There's no catch. You just choose a plan, sign a three year contract, and that's it. Actually, we're running a special promotion right now, and we're giving away a Blackberry Curve with our special mega value $40 plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right! Plus the activation fee, and the emergency services fee, the monthly service fee, ehh. Oh, and any charges for extra minutes, and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I see. Well, can I have a look at your phone?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unfortunately, this phone can't be used in the US. It's not compatible with our 3G network.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you're in luck. You see? If you sign up for our three-year plan, we'll throw in a handset for free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no catch. You just choose a plan, sign a three year contract, and that's it. Actually, we're running a special promotion right now, and we're giving away a Blackberry Curve with our special mega value $40 plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you get 900 anytime minutes, and you can also enjoy free mobile-to-mobile calling to other Telmobile clients, 1,000 text messages per month, and unlimited evening and weekend minutes. Oh, and we also offer a rollover option.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. Plus the activation fee, the emergency services fee, the monthly service fee, oh, and any charges for extra minutes and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you're in luck! You see, if you sign up for our three-year plan, we'll throw in a handset for free! Really?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no catch. You just choose a plan, sign a three year contract, and that's it. Actually, we're running a special promotion right now, and we're giving away a Blackberry Curve with our special mega value $40 plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, you get 900 anytime minutes and you can also enjoy free mobile-to-mobile calling to other Tell Mobile clients. A thousand text messages per month and unlimited evening and weekend minutes. Oh, and we also offer a rollover option.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right! Plus the activation fee, and the emergency services fee, the monthly service fee, and... Oh, and any charges for extra minutes, and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey. Go men. Samuel? Who's your star niece? Lucky last.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, does anyone need more time? Or time donors? Okay, cool. We'll wait for a few seconds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, when you guys are ready, just, uh, look up so you know when to proceed with the next step.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, uh, for the sake of time we're gonna move on, but if you need help, just join the queue or ask them a questions doc, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, yeaah. So we're gonna get into some of the main part of the workshop, which is actually using React.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're gonna try to add the cat happiness component to our profile. Uhm, so if everyone can run git reset dash dash hard and git checkout w2 dash step one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you should see something like this in profile.js and cathappiness.js.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, some of you were confused in the feedback forum about, like, the general structure of React files, and it really varies by, uhm, whatever your website is, so you can really lay it out as, uhm, however you want. Enrique talked about it a bit during this lecture, but just wanted to rehash. Uhm, so everything in the frontend is probably gonna be in the client folder here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And within this you have like a disk folder which is some bundled, uh, front-end code. You don't really have to worry about it. Uhm, you're mainly going to be dealing with stuff in the source folder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And within the source folder, uhm, you can have some components, uh, and within these components you can have some pages and modules. So pages are, you know, like the profile page, like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in this case, we have a profile page and a cat happiness module. So if you can open up those two files, that's what we're gonna be working with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, can anyone tell me, I kind of flashed the answer on the screen, but can anyone tell me what component should store the cat happiness state?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Raise your hand if you think it should be in profile. Okay. Raise your hand if you think it should be in cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so we have a couple of mixed answers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it should actually be in profile. Uhm, why is this the case? If you remember the example we showed at the beginning, uhm, we wanted to click the picture of the cat in order to update the cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The thing is, this picture is stored in the profile. It's rendered in the profile component, or the profile page. Uhm, so in order to actually update the cat happiness when the cat is clicked, we need to store the state cat happiness in profile.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when we do that, uhm, we can actually pass the state setter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Into the cat happiness, oh sorry, we can actually pass the state, uhm, as a prop into cat happiness component, uhm, so that we can actually render the cat happiness inside the cat happiness component. But the state is gonna be defined in the profile component.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, can anyone remind me what the function name was to add a state to a component? You can just shout it out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, we're gonna have like a const here, and then an array, and inside this array, we're gonna have the state name, which in this case is just called something, and then the state setter, which we name setSomething.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then we're gonna have this equal to u state of whatever default value our state wants to be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So step one is going to be just all about adding cat happiness. And some of our subtasks are going to be adding the cat happiness state to profile.js.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, then importing the cat happiness component in profile. Uhm, adding the cat happiness component to profile.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally displaying the cat happiness state in the cat happiness component, uh, using the props that we passed down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so, since this is a bit complicated, let's go through each of these tasks together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first thing is to add the cat heaviness state to the profile. So this is where we want to actually use our useState function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'll give you guys like a minute to do this and then uhm, we can come back together again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's just say we want to define the state called cat happiness. So under here, uhm, we have the syntax const and then cat happiness. And then the state setter, which is set cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we set that equal to uState of our default value, which in this case we want to be zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next task is to actually import the cat happiness component. Uh, remember our structure from before that we have our cat happiness component defined in the modules folder. So we're gonna wanna do something similar to like import statements above here, except just import in the cat happiness component. So I'll give you guys like 30 seconds to do this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, uhm, so let's type out this import statement together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dot dot slash modules slash cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and just recall that in cat happiness, the last part of our component was actually exporting the component. So, since we exported the cat happiness here, uhm, cat happiness is the name of the component.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can just import, uhm, up here in profile.js.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's move on to the next step. This step is a bit more complicated, uhm, since we want to actually add the CatHeminess component to our JSX. So if you scroll down in profile.js, you can see a to-do for step 1C.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's add in the cat happiness component to the JSX in profile.js, uhm, as well as a header in front of it to look like what we had on the example website.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you're doing this, just remember that the way we pass in a prop is to have the component name and then the prop name equals to the prop value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in order to add the cat happiness component in the same style we added the other, uhm, containers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can basically just more or less copy and paste what we had in the other containers, so uhm, let's replace this to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I just copied and pasted whatever was below. Uhm, and in this case, uhm, instead of my favorite type of cat, we want to just render cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can call the cat happiness component in order to actually render the number. So let's just use the syntax we learned before. Cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, in this case, we want to pass down a prop called, uhm, cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there's a lot of, uh, repeated names here, but the prop, so just to clarify, we have a state here called cat happiness, which we defined just now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the component name is called Cat Happiness where the C is uppercase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, are we done yet? Do we have, uhm, a rendered website? I guess like, if we look at the local host.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is so right. I was gonna take a note of this, but I forgot. Yeah, uh, basically, I made a mistake that, uh, I made a lot of times before, and it's easy to make, but, uh, this is a good time to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To tell you guys that, to remind you guys that we actually have to, uh, import useState from React also. Uh, this is because


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, useState isn't imported natively, uhm, because it's just like a special function that React provides. Uh, so we actually need to add this to our top import statement in the React, uh, in the import statement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now, now if I go back, uh, yeaah, it should render what we did. Uhm, alright, so are we done yet? Do we have what we want on the page yet? Uhm, no we're not done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because we need to display the cat happiness here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you scroll, or if you go to cathappiness.js, uh, you'll see here that we have a to-do step 1D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, make two changes to this file, and uhm, I'll give you guys like a minute to do this, uh, in order to display the cat happiness on the website.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, let's come together again, and uhm, let's import the props, or let's use the props to render the cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So remember, in order to actually use the props that we passed in, we need to have props as an input to the component. So let's define props up here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can enter the JavaScript environment by using the curly braces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then just call, we'll be passed in. So props.cathappiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then if we scroll over to our website, we can actually see that we rendered cat happiness, uh, successfully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're not done yet because we have a state, but we never actually set the state. We never update our website. So when we click this corgi picture, uh, nothing actually happens yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's move on to the next step, which is updating cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, everyone please run git reset, git reset dash dash hard, and git checkout w2 dash step two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, we have two tasks here, uhm, the first one is to actually implement an increment cat happiness function, which will increment our cat happiness by one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the second thing we want to do is call this increment cat happiness function whenever the profile picture is clicked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just a hint here that all divs have like an onclick pop that takes in a function. Uhm, Abby in her lecture described callback functions, this is just a callback function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and then whenever a div is clicked, it runs its onclick function, if you define it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so all of this should be in profile.js. Uhm, so you'll see here we have a step, uh, 2A and a step 2B. So I'll give you guys like three minutes to implement these two steps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Raise your hand if you need more time with the step. Alright, let's give another 30 seconds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so, let's get on the same page.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first thing we want to do is implement this increment cat happiness function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what this will do is it'll update the state of cat heaviness whenever the user clicks on the picture. So down here, we can use the state setter function that we had before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To set cat happiness to whatever was before, plus one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then down here, remember that we have to use the onclick prop. So in this div, you can define an onclick here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just pass in the increment cat happiness function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then if we go to our website, you can see that whenever we click the picture of the cat, our cat happiness increases. So now we have unlimited cat happiness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One thing to go over is just the notion of callback functions again. So just take a moment to look at these snippets of code and see which ones will work in our use case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so who here thinks A will work? Raise your hand if you think. Alright, some people. Uhm, who here thinks B will work? Okay, who here thinks C will work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, nice. Most of you got, uhm, the correct answers. So, actually in this case, all the, all A, B, and C will work, uhm, except the last one won't work. And can anyone tell me why D won't work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, exactly. So, if we call the function incrementCatHappiness inside onClick,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, it won't actually evaluate when we want it to. Uhm, we want to pass a callback function into the onClick prop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that whenever we click on the div, it'll call that function.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first three work because we all, we pass in a function and not a value, but


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We prefer the third one in this case just because it's cleaner and we already defined the incrementCathavings function above in the code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so if you do git reset dash dash hard and git checkout w2 dash complete,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can see the complete app we have. It should just be exactly what we have here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so let's do a quick recap. Uhm, just shout out the answer whenever I read the prompt. So, we divide our app into components and put one in each file. Each component is a function with


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Props as input and returns JSX, which is HTML-like code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, each component can store internal, updateable private info as state variables.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, parentheses allows us to enter into a JSX environment and inside this JSX environment the curly braces allow us to create a mini JavaScript environment. Nice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just some syntax reminders that we pass in props with the, the component name and then the prop name equals to the prop value.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we read in those props in the child component with props dot whatever prop name we passed in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then finally, one caveat is that React uses class name instead of class for CSS does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cool, and don't worry if you don't fully get React yet, we'll have a lot of lectures going forward about React.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, if you're confused, go to weblab.is slash react dash guide and you can see some helpful tips that we provided.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna have a lecture on React Lifecycle and Hooks, uhm, and talk more about some of the other functions that React provides and, uhm, some of the more advanced things you can do with state.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but first, before lunch we're gonna have an APIs and Problems as a Lecture. So, stay tuned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A futures contract is like a forward contract, except there's an intermediary, the exchange, who, uh, you, you make your contract with the intermediary, not with the ultimate counter, counterparty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they're, they're, they're standardized. If you drive through the country,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, where they grow grains, you will see silos or warehouses here and there on dotting the landscape. So grain elevators are important. If you turn on the radio and you listen to a local radio station,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You will hear them quoting the futures market, because farmers locally are very interested in those futures prices. Some of them aren't, aren't protecting themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and so, it's really big for them. Now, you don't hear spot prices very m- or maybe you can go, tell me otherwise, but I think, uh, when I've been driving to the country, I've been listening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because spot prices don't mean anything. They're just noise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, because you just never know who traded that and what the situation was. But futures contracts are the things that farmers listen to all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I mentioned with a forward contract you're worried that the other guy might be a drunk or might be irresponsible or might not plant the crop. Who knows?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, how do futures contracts deal with that? Well, futures contracts, when you sign a contract, it's an active, living thing. Uh, that, uh, the contract requires you to pay a settlement every day from your futures margin account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, based on the change in the futures market on that day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the broker will have you sign a contract, and uh, now you might not be a very reliable person. Uh, you might be a person who sometimes goes for weeks without answering the phone. Alright? They've taken care of that in the contract. The contract says,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't do anything, if we call you up and say, your margin account is falling low because the futures price is moving against you, and you don't answer the phone, we will close you out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and, uh, your margin account would be maybe close to zero. Well, we won't let it hit zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they don't trust you. Because they don't know who you are. They don't care who you are. They only look at the margin account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you are buying the futures and the price is going down, it's moving against you. You bought the futures because you were worried that the price would go up, right? And you wanted to lock in a price. If the price goes down, then it's moving against you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so they will remove that amount from your margin account. You can get out at any time, but if you bought futures and prices gone down, you just, reality is you have to get out at the new price. So they've already taken the money from you, that was the deal from your margin account. And you don't have to answer the phone, you don't have to do anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's not, it's no crime if you run out, if your margin account is deleted. Of course you won't be hedged against price risk anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you gotta answer the phone. That's why most people, most farmers don't trade in the future. It's just too nerve wracking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Margin calls are very unpleasant. The guy tells you, well, you put $10,000 in your margin account. I'm sorry to say, it's down to $1,000. So they have what's called initial margin, is what they require you to put up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and they have something called a maintenance margin, which is when they make the phone call to you saying, your account has gone against you, you either put up more margin or we will close you out, which means buy a offsetting, or if you bought they would sell on your behalf. Then you're out of the market.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This episode was made in partnership with LIDAL. They're dedicated to creating a cleaner, quieter, and safer world. You can learn more at the link in the description.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You probably bump into HEPA filters fairly often. They're the basis of modern filtration, which is everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From your vacuum to your air purifier. What you might not know is that they represent a straight line from the Manhattan Project to your living room. This very scientific-sounding acronym really just stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air. Filter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess HEPAF was less catchy. And they do exactly what it says on the tin. We rely on HEPA filters for keeping our air clean and breathable. They can handle all sorts of things suspended in the air.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like wildfire smoke, particulate air pollution, and even viruses. And they were developed to protect people making the first atomic bombs. It all started back in 1938, when two German scientists accidentally discovered nuclear fission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The process of splitting uranium atoms to release a huge amount of energy. The US government was worried the Germans would use this to their advantage during World War II.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So they launched their own research into atomic weapons. This classified research became known as the Manhattan Project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With devastating consequences. But it took years of research and development with radioactive materials to get to that point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there was a pretty big risk of accidental exposure for scientists, workers, and the general public. Like, in the manufacturing facilities where processing the radioactive elements uranium and plutonium


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These designs have a special kind of paper inside them, made of cellulose and asbestos. The cellulose is nothing special, it's the main component of most kinds of paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] ...and was primarily there to give the filter some sort of structure and support. But the asbestos proved to be surprisingly effective at filtering out tiny particles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether they were from smoke, chemical weapons, or processing of radioactive materials. So, for the Manhattan Project, the researchers simply made a bigger version of the gas mask filter to be used in buildings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tiny particles that are carried in the air have a tougher time of it. To make sure the filters were as effective as possible, the Army Chemical Corps hired Nobel laureate and chemist Irving Langmuir.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This isn't actually the main trapping mechanism. Smaller particles have to swerve around the criss-crossing fibers so much that they eventually collide and stick. In the very smallest kind of particle, less than a tenth of a micron across,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That follows an even more convoluted path. These particles bounce off the air molecules themselves in what's known as Brownian motion. Sooner or later, their jerky random path may bring them into contact with one of the fibers of the filter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where, once again, they'll stick. But in between the largest and smallest particle sizes, none of the trapping mechanisms work quite as well. Medium particles are too big to follow zigzagging Brownian motion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Particles between about .1 and .3 microns are described as the most penetrating particle size. The exact size can vary depending on the conditions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But those tend to be the hardest to stop with filters. For the same reasons, they're also the ones that will travel deepest into our lungs if we breathe them in. Which is bad. So the first HEPA filters were designed to stop these penetrating particles with big sheets pleated many times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To lengthen the gauntlet that the particles have to run. In this way, the Manhattan Project created an important safety innovation with uses far beyond the atomic. After World War II ended, the filtering tech was declassified.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the HEPA filters spread beyond purely military applications. And they got some improvements along the way. They are smaller now, for starters, and there's no more asbestos. Instead, the fibers are made of glass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is less hazardous than asbestos. Modern HEPA filters are designed to stop 99.97% of the most penetrating particles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And even more of the particles either side of that most penetrating threshold. So while they continue to stop radioactive particles,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to LIDL for partnering with us on this episode. They believe that it's what's inside that matters, which is why they're in the business of making the hidden stuff that helps keep us safe. That's everything from the components of air filters like I talked about today,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the filtration layers in N95 in surgical masks that have been helping to protect us from COVID-19. And their team of engineers is always focused on addressing current and future threats. You can learn more about LIDL and their work making filtration material in the link in the description down below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this video I'll try to share with you some of the thinking and some guidelines for when you should probably use an anomaly detection algorithm and when it might be more fruitful to consider using a supervised learning algorithm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This slide shows what are the settings under which you should maybe use anomaly detection versus when supervised learning might be more fruitful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have a problem with a very small number of positive examples, and remember examples of y equals one are the anomalous examples, then you might consider using an anomaly detection algorithm instead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So having 0 to 20, maybe up to 50 positive examples might be pretty typical. And usually we have such a small positive set of positive examples, we're going to save the positive examples just for the cross validation sets and the test sets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, and we can then use this very large number of negative examples with which to fit the model p of x. And so this is the idea that in many anomaly detention applications, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this is one way, uh, to local your problem and decide, you know, if you should use an anomaly detection algorithm or supervised learning algorithm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, uh, maybe tomorrow you need to detect a totally new set, a totally new type of anomaly, a totally new way for an aircraft engine to be broken that you've just never seen before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you think that future positive examples are likely to be similar to ones in the training set, then in that setting, you know, it might be more reasonable to have a supervised learning algorithm that looks at a lot of positive examples, looks at a lot of negative examples, and uses that to try to distinguish between positives and negatives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hopefully this gives you a sense of, you know, if you have a specific problem, should you think about, uh, using an anomaly detection algorithm or a supervised learning algorithm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas email spam classification, weather prediction, and, you know, classifying cancers, if you have equal numbers of positive and negative examples, or if you have many examples of your positive and your negative examples, then we would tend to treat all of these as supervised learning problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So hopefully that gives you a sense of what are the properties of a learning problem that would cause you to treat it as an anomaly detection problem versus a supervised learning problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, for many of the problems that are faced by, you know, various technology companies and so on, we actually are in these settings where we have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very few or sometimes zero positive training examples. Maybe just, there's so many different types of anomalies, I've never seen them before. And for those sorts of problems, uh, very often the algorithm that is used is an anomaly detected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I saw that you took on board my feedback about pricing strategies. I really appreciate you taking the time to think through my suggestions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, that was quite the presentation. Honestly, I was completely blown away by your strategy outline. I've gotta say, Alex, you really wowed me today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I think you deserve some recognition here. I mean, if I look back on your previous presentations, this is a huge improvement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I saw that you took on board my feedback about pricing strategies. I really appreciate you taking the time to think through my suggestions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I just wanted to say, well done. Really, you did a great job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, that was quite the presentation. Honestly, I was completely blown away by your strategy outline. I've gotta say, Alex, you really wowed me today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I saw that you took on board my feedback about pricing strategies. I really appreciate you taking the time to think through my suggestions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our application is compatible with most smartphones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sorry, your computer is not compatible with our software. It's too old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, well, Sari and I were wondering if he wants to play with us, but I guess you're busy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And eating it is just really delicious. I love the fact that you brought us something from your experience in China. But you combined it with two ingredients that are really quintessentially Australian. The Murray cod and the saltbush. And that fish...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For centuries it's inspired poets and painters, writers and dreamers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sarah, you've given us some of the best food in the competition, but not today. Those yabbies were undercooked. I'm sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joining Serenity's elimination is another surprise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's now continue building our game and actually implement the game logic itself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with game logic, I basically mean implementing the way how the game works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we need to implement what happens when the guess is correct. So when it's equal to the secret number, we also need to implement what happens when the guess is too low or when it's too high. So basically we have these three scenarios.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to start, we actually need to define that secret number. Otherwise, there's nothing which we can compare the guess


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Now, where do you think we should define that secret number? Should we do it inside of this button handler or should we do it outside?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The answer is that we should do it outside, because we only want that secret number to be defined once. So only when we start the application.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that's out here outside of the handler function. If we defined a secret number inside this handler function, then on each click we would get a new secret number. And so then the game would make no sense at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? We just need one number, which we can then compare to each of the guesses here on each click.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The number, so I'm just gonna call it number here. And now we need a random number between 1 and 20. And this is actually pretty similar to the dice roll that we did earlier in the fundamentals section. So we use math.random


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so math is basically an object that JavaScript gives us, and on there we have a lot of different methods. And random is one of them. And it gives us a number between 0 and 1. So let me show that to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So whenever I run this, it will give me a new number. And it's always different from the one before. Now if I want a number between 1 and 20, I will start by multiplying this by 20.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now we have this decimal number here, basically ranging between 0 and 20. But all this decimal here is just noise. So let's remove that. And for that we use math.trunk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm doing all of this here in the console, so you can see how this is building up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, and so now I have a number which goes from 0 to 19.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so to elevate it to between 1 and 20, all we have to do is to add 1 here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with this, we make sure that the number is always between these two boundaries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's grab this now. So now that it works. And put it here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with this, we have our secret number. Now in the real game, the number will obviously be hidden, so behind this question mark. But now, since we are still in development, let's actually display the number here, so that we can then test our game logic as we develop it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's select that number, and I think, again, we already did it before, but let's do it here anyway, again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's just, uh, so the class name is number. And then remember, we use text content, and to set it, we simply use the equal sign. And now, what do we put here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, just the number that we just calculated. And now, as I save it, watch what happens. Here we now have our random number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as I reload the page, you will see different random numbers appearing. And again, for you of course, it will be different numbers. And you see here 20, which is actually the maximum. So this means that 20 is indeed included in our range here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just to check if it's alright, so if we don't see any weird numbers, but it all looks okay to me. And so let's now move on and actually compare the secret number to the user's guess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here we already have the condition, if there is no guess, then just print to the message element that there is no number. So let's again check that. And indeed, it works. But now, what if there actually is a guess? So let's say else if. And now we will actually check if the guess


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is the same as the secret number. And since I'm always saying secret number, let's actually change the variable name.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So double click to select it. And then I can double click on all of the instances. So that's this one and this one. So that's a nice VS Code trick. And so now I have these three cursors. So let's delete all of that. Secret.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the code works the same now, but the variable name makes a little bit more sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's create a code block here, and now we need to specify what happens when the guess is correct. So again, when the guess is the same as the secret number. That's essentially what the guess being correct means, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, what should happen then is that the correct number message should be displayed. So, let's copy that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which of course is different. And then in the future we will want a message here saying that the number is too high. So we're gonna do that in a second. But now let's just put the correct number here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And indeed we now get correct number. So that's exactly what we defined here in this else if block.


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[Assistant] Alright, so I hope all of this makes sense. And now let's work on that scenario that I just mentioned, which is when the guess is greater than the number.


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[Assistant] So you see that here in this big if-else-if statement, we are covering all the different scenarios that might happen here to this number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first one was that there is no number at all, right? Then we checked if it's equal to the secret number. And now we will check if it's greater. So if the guess is greater than the secret number. And then what should happen? Well, let's again select the message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then let's say, too high. So the guess is too high now. And again, adding an emoji here. I want this graph here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay. And now also, since we are working on this,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's account for the last situation, or the last scenario as well, which is that the gas is lower than the secret number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So guess below. Secret number. And with this, we covered all the scenarios. Let's just copy this one now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now we're using the adder graph here.


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[Assistant] Give it a save and let's test it. So right now we know that it's a 3.


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[Assistant] Now let's test one, which is too low. And it works again. And now let's test three, which is correct. And indeed it is. Great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's working already. Now let's move on to the next step, which is to work with the score here. So remember that each time that we guess a wrong number or score should decrease. So let me show that here to you again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's say 5, and see how it starts at 20, just like in our code. But now as I check wrong,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's too high, and now the score decreased to 19. Let me check another one.


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[Assistant] And so now you see that my number goes down each time that I do a wrong guess. And so let's implement that in our code here as well.


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[Assistant] So as you see here, we start with a score of 20. And now in these two scenarios,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, where the guess is wrong. So here, where it's above, and here, where it's below, we want to decrease that score by one. Right? Because again, each time that there is a wrong guess, the score should decrease by one. So how should we do that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I can think of two ways of doing that. The first way is to read the score from here, then decrease it by one, and then print it here again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that would be the first way of doing it, but there is a better way. And the better way is to actually create a variable for the score in the code, and then update that variable, so basically to decrease that variable, and then display the value of that variable here in the score label.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And by doing that, we have our data also in the code and not just on the DOM. And so that's always a very good thing to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let me do that now and then I will explain it a little bit better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm going to do that right here after the secret number. So const score.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, as you already know, we start with 20. And so that's our initial score, so the value that we set to this variable. And actually this should be a let.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because we will then decrease that value, remember? And so it cannot be a const, because a constant is immutable. Okay? And now here, let's go back to the wrong guess scenario. Or scenarios, because it's this one and this one. And then all we do is to decrease the score.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we decreased the score, and then all we have to do is to display that score here in this element.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So once again, we already did that, so no need to repeat. So it's this one here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we select the element with the class of score, and then as the text content, we give the score.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and that's it. Now we just need the same code also in the other wrong scenario. So where the guess is below the secret number. So I'm just copying this code and putting it


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Give it a save. And, uh, before testing it, let me again explain what we just did here. So as I said, we could have also stored this score basically in the DOM.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to do that, we would always just read this value from here. So right from the DOM. Then we could decrease that value and then write it back here to the DOM. But then we would not have that value in our code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So essentially, our application would have no way of knowing that score at all points. And so it's always good


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It can also be called a state variable, because this score is part of the so-called application state, which is basically all the data that is relevant to the application. And we could say that this 17, so the secret number, is also part of the state of our application.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, and so we want all the data always to be available somewhere in our code and not just in the DOM.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, I'll always keep that in mind. And so that is why we implemented a solution like this. So whenever there's a wrong guess, we just take the score that we already have in our code, then we decrease it by one, and then we display that new score right here. So, let's reload.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's say 17. And watch what happens to our score now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And indeed, it decreased to 19, and our number is too high. And when I click again now, you see it decreasing even more. Now let's try with a lower number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So too low and our score decreased again. And actually let's keep going. So let's keep clicking here and watch what happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm clicking over and over on the same button here and our score keeps going down and eventually we reach zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And at this point, we should basically lose the game, right? But as you see here, nothing of course happens. And we can keep clicking here and go until affinity and our program will of course not care. Because our program obviously has no idea of losing or of winning the game, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is completely on us to write all that logic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically what this means is that all of this checking here, so doing all this here, should only happen whenever the score is still above zero. And then when the score is actually zero, then we should get some kind of message here saying, uh, that we lost the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's quickly do that here inside of this scenario.


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[Assistant] So basically we need another if statement here inside this already else if block. And that's of course not a problem at all. We can perfectly have one if inside of the other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I was just saying is that this here, all of this should basically only happen while the score is still above zero. So, let's do that. So if score is above zero,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Else, so basically if it is zero, then we want to display another message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm gonna use this one here. So that's an explosion, I believe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's test that now. And we only implemented this for when the guess is above the secret number. So let's now use 12. It's too high. And now let's keep going to test what happens. So we are approaching it now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now we lost the game. But actually I could click twice as my score was already zero. So try this for yourself. I will just reload here and again put a number that is, uh, above.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now the score is one, and as I click, we should get the message, you lost the game. So let's try. And it didn't happen yet. And it did not happen because the score was indeed still greater than zero here. Right? So we need to change that to greater than one. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you lost the game. And all we need to do is to then update the score to zero here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, zero. And then before we test it, we can actually copy the same code to this other scenario. Now, as you can see, we are creating a lot of duplicate code and we will fix that by the end of this project. But for now, let's just keep working on this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the only thing that really changes here is this message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you see that here is some potential to eliminate duplicate code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But again, we will take care later of that. For now, let's just make it work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A larger number. And I keep clicking here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great, so our game logic is already working and actually the game itself is also kind of working already. There's just two things that are missing here, which is the high score and this play again button.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But before implementing that functionality, in the next video we're going to talk a little bit about CSS and how we can manipulate styles using JavaScript.


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[Assistant] It seems that your toilet is clogged and that's why it won't flush. Let me just get my plunger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, that's not working either. I suspect that some sort of foreign object in the pipe is causing a blockage. That's what's making your toilet overflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I have a little one myself. Anyway, these water pipes are really rusty, so they also should be changed. That could be causing water to not drain completely. That might lead to more problems in the future. I would suggest fixing this faucet that isn't shutting off properly. I could have it all finished by today if it's urgent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It seems that your toilet is clogged, and that's why it won't flush. Let me just get my plunger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, that's not working either. I suspect that there's some sort of foreign object in the pipes that's causing a blockage. That's what's making your toilet overflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, I have a little one myself. Anyway, these water pipes are really rusty, so they should also be changed. That could be causing water to not drain completely. That might lead to more problems in the future. I would also suggest fixing this faucet that isn't shutting off properly. I could have it all finished by today if it's urgent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It seems that your toilet is clogged and that's why it won't flush. Let me just get my plunger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, that's not working either. I suspect that there's some sort of foreign object in the pipe that's causing a blockage. That's what's making your toilet overflow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I have a little one myself. Anyway, these water pipes are really rusty, so they also should be changed. That could be causing water to not drain completely. That might lead to more problems in the future. I would suggest fixing this faucet that isn't shutting off properly. I could have it all finished by today if it's urgent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I really want to make sure it's all delicious food and not just getting carried away in the concept.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm trying to sort the last bits and pieces out now. Definitely gonna make it, uhm, you always make it one way or another.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wherever you landed today, determined what you will be cooking with. Under the cloth in front of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No open pantry. No garden. No access to other equipment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've had this kind of crazy week and we can only imagine the emotions you must have gone through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I reckon that, that, that's what makes that dish. It's, um, it's got, it has all those delicious flavours of, of the sundae roast pan. It's a really lovely plate of food. And I'm glad it really pushed it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The hardest thing for any cook, whether it's a home cook or whether it's a professional, to get the grass round is you don't cook to impress other people. Yeah. Would you eat this dish? I'd eat the lamb and the peas. Okay, Sam, let's take the dish of yours. Thank you guys. Cheers.


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[Assistant] For you to think that clearly is a sign that you belong in this kitchen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Absolutely. Okay, right. We'll taste now. Thank you very much. Cheers, right.


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[Assistant] So I hope you don't go home on this dish, because we all hope for one thing with every contestant, especially at this stage, is the dish that sends you home is the best dish you could have cooked.


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[Assistant] Psyche! You totally fell for it! You're a real scumbag, Charlie. When I do the nasty with the prom queen, we'll see who has the last laugh. Dude, don't have a cow!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Awesome! Ha! Psych! You totally fell for it.


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[Assistant] You are a real scumbag, Charlie. When I do the nasty with the prom queen, we'll see who has the last laugh. Dude! Don't have a cow!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Psych! You totally fell for it! You're a real scumbag, Charlie. When I do the nasty with the prom queen, we'll see who has the last laugh. Dude, don't have a cow!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Horse plus donkey. It seems like an unlikely combination. There's the height difference for a start, but there's also the problem of donkeys and horses being totally different species. And yet, this strange combination can result in even stranger offspring.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But mule parents don't go on and have mule offspring. With only a few exceptions, mules can't even become parents at all. Because mules are exclusively the offspring of a female horse and a male donkey. When a male horse and a female donkey get together,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You end up with the lesser-known sibling, the hinny. Either way, you get a hybrid that has donkey-like ears and a horse-like bill. But it's not the hybrid appearance that stops mules, or hinnies, from breeding with each other, or even with donkeys and horses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's genetics. Different species have a different number of chromosomes, or structures within cells that contain our DNA. When living organisms reproduce, the offspring gets those chromosomes in pairs, one from each parent. Two members of the same species will have the same number of chromosomes,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the offspring gets exactly half of their chromosomes from each parent. Horses have 64 chromosomes, while donkeys have 62 chromosomes. In the mules' case,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mules have one chromosome that is left sort of hanging out in limbo after the other 31 pairs come together. But this limbo chromosome can be a major hurdle that stands between mules and parenthood. Usually, non-hybrid species can make sperm and egg cells during a process called meiosis, where cells divide to produce sex cells that contain only half of the parent cell's genetic information. During meiosis,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information.


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[Assistant] So there's a different mix of genes from each parent in the resulting gametes. In mules, meiosis doesn't happen, partly because the horse and donkey parents' chromosomes aren't homologous. Homologous chromosomes are a matched pair of chromosomes similar in size and structure


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And carrying different versions of the same genes. Non-homologous chromosomes, like those of horses and donkeys, are too different in size and structure.


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[Assistant] So they can't be easily paired up. So the odd chromosome from the mule remains unmatched. All of this means that mule chromosomes just have a hard time pairing up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it wouldn't be fair to end this story without confirming that there are very rare documented cases of female mules giving birth to viable offspring. But in order for this to happen,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or a horsish-looking donkey, which is something that scientists try to rule out whenever they're studying those rare reports of mule offspring. So although mules continue to be a preferred animal for things like packing and trekking into the Grand Canyon,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no danger of them taking over the Wild West.


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[Assistant] Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow! If you like learning about mules, but would like to know more about how a world run by animal hybrids would look,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll bet you'll love our podcast SciShow Tangents. In it, some of the fun people involved in SciShow get together for a lightly competitive knowledge showcase. Every episode, they rack up points for teaching the others and everyone listening at home


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The most mind-blowing science facts related to the week's theme. If you love science, laughing, and lighthearted nerdy competitions, you should check it out. You can find SciShow Tangents anywhere you get your podcasts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They may be tiny, look harmless, and sound like a bunch of cartoon characters, but don't be fooled. These little guys are plotting ocean domination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nurtles are some of the planet's most pervasive pollutants, found in lakes, rivers, and oceans across the globe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tiny factory-made pellets form the raw material for every plastic product we use.


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[Assistant] And they come in many guises, multicolored and many-shaped. They range in size from just a few millimeters to mere specks that are only visible through a microscope.


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[Assistant] But their real advantage in the quest for ocean domination is their incredible endurance, which allows them to persist in an environment for generations, because their artificial makeup makes them unable to biodegrade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So just as long as they don't get into the environment, we have nothing to worry about, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The problem is, nurdles have a crafty way of doing exactly this. Produced in several countries and shipped to plastic manufacturing plants the world over, nurdles often escape during the production process, carried by runoff to the coast, or during shipping, when they're mistakenly tipped into the waves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once in the water, nurdles are swiftly carried by currents, ultimately winding up in huge circulating ocean systems called gyres, where they convene to plan their tactics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Earth has five gyres that act as gathering points, but the headquarters of nerdle ocean domination are in the Pacific Ocean, where the comparative enormity of the gyre and the resulting concentration of pollution is so huge that it's known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here, nurdles have good company. This gyre draws in all kinds of pollution. But because they don't biodegrade, plastics dominate. And they come from other sources besides nurdles, too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know those tiny beads you see in your face wash or your toothpaste? They're often made of plastic, and after you flush them down the drain, some also end up in this giant garbage patch, much to the delight of the nurdles building up their plastic army there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then there are the large pieces of unrecycled plastic litter, like bottles and carrier bags, transported by runoff from land to sea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over time, these plastic chunks turn into a kind of nurdle, too, but one that's been worn down by the elements, not made in a factory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as if they weren't threatening enough, the rough, pitted surfaces of these microplastics, the name we give to all those collective plastic bits, waterborne chemicals stick or adhere to them, making them toxic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This gathering has grown so immense that the oceanic garbage patch can shift from around the size of Texas to something the size of the United States.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But while this toxic tornado is circulating, the birds, fish, filter feeders, whales, and crustaceans around it are just going about their daily business, which means they're looking for food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But once ingested, microplastics have a very different and terrible habit of sticking around. Inside an animal's stomach, they not only damage its health with the cocktail of toxins they carry, but can also lead to starvation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because although nurdles may be ingested, they're never digested, tricking an animal into feeling like it's continually full and leading to its eventual death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When one organism consumes another, microplastics and their toxins are then passed up through the food chain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That'll take a lot of time, but requires only small, collective changes, like more recycling, replacing plastics with paper and glass, and ditching that toothpaste with the microbeads. If we accomplish these things, perhaps over time fewer and fewer nurdles will turn up at that giant garbage patch. Their army of plastics will grow weaker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they'll surrender the ocean to its true keepers once more.


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[Assistant] But today, we want others to enjoy it as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, let's talk about your desserts. Blue team.


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[Assistant] And what a genius way of making salty butterscotch sauce in a pressure cooker. Well done. We stole that idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whipped ganache, the idea of adding orange, chocolate and pistachio is fantastic. But...


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[Assistant] Today we're recreating Dennis' passion for caramel tart. I really want to make the caramelised peanuts perfect. They're in the foundation of the dish, in the tart shell. These nuts are taking ages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I had a feeling it, you know, this cook didn't go to plan, but I still had such an amazing time recreating such a beautiful dessert. So thank you so much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look how beautiful this is. This is one you wanna see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is it, Aaron? It's the Brussels Sprite. That's correct. Diana.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What you see is what you get, it shows off the technique. You know, you see what you get, you know he's done a good job. Now let's judge the flavors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I watch you when you cook. There is precision but there is love. It's heartwarming and it shows on the plate in the end. I think this looks great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I also have a favorite, and I have a second and I have a third.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've got the drive, you've got the passion, you can go out there and you'll do so, so well. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Large lots. And you just arrange them on the tray. Like that. A nice drizzle of oil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm taking the big leaves off the cauliflower and what I'm trying to do is just break the florets down and then slice them very thinly, about two, three millimeters thick. And again, it's all about showcasing the cauliflower. Look how beautiful this is. This is one you want to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The simplest things, the quickest things are the most delicious. It's just about being clever. And all of you can be clever. So, shallots are ready. Just want to show you how gentle you want to be with your veg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Me being me, it's gonna be a vegetarian scotch egg. So this particular one is gonna have eggplant and almonds, manchego cheese, smoked paprika, so kind of a Spanish touch. So these eggs have been cooked for six minutes, plunged into cold water and then peeled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if you want the really smoky flavor, in this pan, on high heat, it could take up to an hour. And if you put it straight on the stove, straight on the fire, it would take anywhere between 15 and 25 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So first thing what Matt's doing is just sauteing some onion. The longer you cook those onions, the better it will taste. The onion's been cooking for 15-20 minutes, so it's nice and soft. You don't want a lot of color. I'm gonna add some garlic. And some spices. Cumin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think we've got 40 grams of cheese here. And then the chopped herbs, the fresh oregano and fresh mint. And a bit of that thyme. And now I'm ready to add the onions and the spices. They all go in here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mix it all together. Anyone wants to come help me coat some eggs? Alright Carly, come over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I'm just spreading it out with my palms. It's a kind of elongated circle you're looking at. Imagine all this would need to coat the egg. So, I'm gonna take one layer off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There we go. Again, now you need to be really careful, cause they're super soft.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And obviously the smaller the egg, the thinner the crust you want. And then you need to use your hand to literally shape it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So kind of to kind of dry the outside, let the egg stick.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it shouldn't take very long. If it takes long, then you're gonna get to the yolk and then it's gonna cook. So I'm just gonna throw these eggs in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, really nice, nice golden brown. Makes it taste so much better. They look amazing. So, these are my scotch eggs with aubergine and manchego.


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[Assistant] We've got a lot of savory food today, so I'm gonna make a cake. It's a semolina cake with a syrup on top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I've just broken the cardamom pods and just all the seeds in there. So I've got pistachios, I've got cardamom, they go in the food processor, and I'm just gonna work them to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's half a teaspoon of vanilla. Two tablespoons of the rose water. And it may sound a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna pop this cake in the oven. And while that is happening...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You just think about it, I often say, you know, even if you've got something really sweet, if someone's gonna have a bite into the cream and it's not sweetened at all, it feels a bit weird.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Would anyone like to, uhm, to crystallize some rose petals before they fly away? Michel? Come over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just a very kind of light coating on both sides, yeaah. And then the other sides. You know what? It's so windy. And they're going everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's just pop them straight into the oven, which will kind of give us a bit of protection. Yep. And then we'll just do them one at a time. This is fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you need to soak it all, all up really, really nicely. Otherwise it's not going to be sweet enough. Pistachios are here. I'm putting them on now because they're going to stick better if you put them on with the syrup still hot. So by the time the cake cools down, you could just take it out without all the pistachios falling out. Let's get it out of the tin. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To get back into this competition, you're gonna need to survive two rounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ingredient that you pick must be the hero of your savoury dish and your sweet dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One more thing. You can pick the same ingredient as someone else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must use the same ingredient that you herode in round one. But this time, use it to make something sweet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Round two. This is it. One apron. That's all that we're giving out at the end of this. Cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah? It's only gonna get harder. It's gonna get faster. It's gonna get fierce. I guarantee you. What we've got coming is delicious. Get out of here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm gonna cook a lamb rajasthani jungle mascarpone with some oranges in the pressure cooker and a Bangladeshi pastry called bakar khani.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So today we're not only going to be looking at vocabulary used to explain why you are late, but also some typical excuses of why people are late.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so, well, good excuses in general, except the last one. I don't think that's such a good excuse of why you're late, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Joe called the office assistant and explained that she will be late because she got tied up with a client.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, we understand traffic, right? Mmhm. Cars, a lot of cars. Yep. So a jam, it means that it was like blocked. It was stopped. It was stopped. Yep. There were a lot of cars on the highway and they weren't moving.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so many cars got into an accident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this could be a reason of why there was a traffic jam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. Now, the other person, Scott, also called and he said that he's running late. He's running late. He's running late. I'm running late. Now, if I'm running late, am I actually running somewhere? What am I doing? What's happening?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, ran over, my meeting ran over, it means it went too far?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very good. Five great words and well, I think it's time for us to listen to this dialogue and understand these words as they were used in the dialogue and then we'll come back and take a look at more phrases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A sec. Now it's an exaggeration obviously because you won't be there in, in one second, but you're just explaining that you'll be there very, very soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now if I say the traffic is backed up for miles, it means that it's very long, or how, how does that work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, yeaah. Yeah, usually you'll be there only a couple of minutes, uh, after the time that was specified just to, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also I think it's about uhm, when people start work, right? How on time you have to begin work. Sometimes it's acceptable to be 10 or 15 minutes so called late, but in other places, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, see that in, in, in other countries people get there at nine, get their coffee, maybe take a quick glance at their emails or the newspaper and then, you know, start working at around nine-thirty or ten.