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[Assistant] As multiple factions formed, the extremist Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre, launched a reign of terror to suppress the slightest dissent, executing over 20,000 people before the Jacobins' own downfall.


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[Assistant] Meanwhile, France found itself at war with neighboring monarchs seeking to strangle the revolution before it spread.


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[Assistant] Amidst the chaos, a general named Napoleon Bonaparte took charge, becoming emperor as he claimed to defend the revolution's democratic values.


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[Assistant] All in all, the revolution saw three constitutions and five governments within ten years, followed by decades alternating between monarchy and revolt before the next republic formed in 1871.


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[Assistant] And while we celebrate the French Revolution's ideals, we still struggle with many of the same basic questions raised over two centuries ago.


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[Assistant] I'm really excited to share with you some findings that really surprised me about what makes companies succeed the most. What factors actually matter the most for startup success.


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[Assistant] I believe that the startup organization is one of the greatest forms to make the world a better place. If you take a group of people with the right equity incentives and organize them in a startup, you can unlock human potential in a way never before possible. You get them to achieve unbelievable things.


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[Assistant] That's what I wanted to find out. I wanted to find out what actually matters most for startup success. And I wanted to try to be systematic about it, avoid some of my instincts and maybe misperceptions I have from so many companies I've seen over the years.


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[Assistant] To high school, when I made solar energy devices. To college, when I made loudspeakers. When I graduated from college, started software companies. And 20 years ago, I started Idealab. And in the last 20 years, we started more than 100 companies. Many successes and many big failures. We learned a lot from those failures. So I tried to look across what factors


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[Assistant] I counted the most for company success and failure. So I looked at these five. First, the idea. I used to think that the idea was everything. I named my company Idea Lab and how much I worship the aha moment when you first come up with the idea.


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[Assistant] And I think that's so true about business as well. So much about a team's execution is its ability to adapt to getting punched in the face by the customer. The customer is the true reality. And that's why I came to think that the team maybe was the most important thing.


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[Assistant] Then I started looking at the business model. Does the company have a very clear path generating customer revenues? That started rising to the top in my thinking about maybe what mattered most for success.


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[Assistant] But I looked at the funding. Sometimes companies received intense amount of funding. Maybe that's the most important thing. And then, of course, the timing.


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[Assistant] CitySearch, Cars Direct, GoTo, Net Zero, Tickets.com, those all became billion-dollar successes. And the five companies on the bottom, z.com, Insider, Pages, MyLife, Desktop Factory, PeopleLink, we all had high hopes for, but didn't succeed.


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[Assistant] So I tried to rank across all of those attributes how I felt those companies scored on each of those dimensions. And then for non-idealized companies, I looked at wild successes like Airbnb and Instagram and Uber and YouTube and LinkedIn, and some failures. Webvan, Cosmo, Pets.com, Fluse and Friendster.


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[Assistant] The bottom companies had intense funding. They even had business models in some cases, but they didn't succeed. I tried to look at what factors actually counted the most for success and failure across all these companies, and the results really surprised me. The number one thing was timing.


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[Assistant] Timing accounted for 42 percent of the difference between success and failure. Team and execution came in second.


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[Assistant] Now this isn't absolutely definitive, it's not to say that the idea isn't important. But it very much surprised me that the idea wasn't the most important thing. Sometimes it mattered more when it was actually timed.


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[Assistant] The last two, business model and funding, made sense to me, actually. I think business model makes sense to be that low because you can start out without a business model and then add one later if your customers are demanding what you're creating. And funding, I think as well. If you're underfunded at first, but you're gaining traction, especially in today's age, it's very, very easy to get intense funding.


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[Assistant] So now let me give you some specific examples about each of these. So take a wild success like Airbnb, everybody knows about. Well, that company was famously passed on by many smart investors because people thought no one's going to rent out a space in their home to a stranger. Of course, people proved that wrong. But one of the reasons it succeeded, aside from a good business model, a good idea,


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[Assistant] Same thing with Uber. Uber came out, incredible company, incredible business model, great execution too, but the timing was so perfect for their need to get drivers into the system. Drivers were looking for extra money. It was very, very important.


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[Assistant] Some of our early successes, City Search, came out when people needed webpages. Goto.com, which we announced actually at TED in 1998, was when companies were looking for cost-effective ways to get traffic. We thought the idea was so great, but actually the timing was probably maybe more important.


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[Assistant] But broadband penetration was too low in 1999-2000. It was too hard to watch video content online. You had to put codecs in your browser and do all this stuff, and the company eventually went out of business in 2003. Just two years later, when the codec problem was solved by Adobe Flash ...


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[Assistant] As I said earlier, I think startups can change the world and make the world a better place. I hope some of these insights can maybe help you have a slightly higher success ratio and thus make something great come to the world that wouldn't have happened otherwise. Thank you very much, my great audience.


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[Assistant] Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula. Give a talk on a round red rug. Share a childhood story. Divulge a personal secret. End with an inspiring quarter action. No.


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[Assistant] That's not how to think of a TED Talk. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as cliched or emotionally manipulative.


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[Assistant] There is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you. Because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers like these.


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[Assistant] I've helped them prepare their talks for prime time and learn directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk. And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient. And it's this.


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[Assistant] Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listener's minds an extraordinary gift.


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[Assistant] A strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.


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[Assistant] But look, here, right here, a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea.


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[Assistant] And incredibly this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening.


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[Assistant] That's right. In just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1200 minds just by people listening to a voice and watching a face. But wait.


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[Assistant] Is an idea anyway. Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes, from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic. And here are just a few examples shared from the TED stage.


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[Assistant] Chimamanda Adichie, people are more than a single identity.


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[Assistant] Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly, but they're carefully linked together.


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[Assistant] Collectively they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal world view.


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[Assistant] It's your brain's operating system. It's how you navigate the world.


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[Assistant] And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas. So for example, if one little component of your world view is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this,


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[Assistant] You'll react like this. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently.


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[Assistant] So, it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your world view are crucial. You need them to be as reliable as possible a guide to the scary but wonderful real world out there.


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[Assistant] For example, how does your world view react when you see this image?


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[Assistant] Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently. So that's why ideas really matter.


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[Assistant] If communicated properly, they're capable of changing forever how someone thinks about the world and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.


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[Assistant] Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture. So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience,


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[Assistant] Here are four guidelines for how you should go about that task. One, limit your talk to just one major idea.


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[Assistant] Ideas are complex things. You need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about.


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[Assistant] And give yourself a chance to explain that one thing properly. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid. So pick one idea and make it the through line running through your entire talk so that everything you say links back to it in some way. Two. Give your listeners a reason to care.


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[Assistant] Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in. And the main tool to achieve that? Curiosity.


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[Assistant] Stir your audience's curiosity. Use intriguing, provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.


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[Assistant] If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.


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[Assistant] Build your idea, piece by piece, out of concepts that your audience already understands. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listener's minds.


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[Assistant] Not your language, their language. You start where they are.


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[Assistant] The speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences. Now, metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern based on an idea that the listener already understands.


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[Assistant] For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, it's as if for the first time you had a word processor to edit DNA. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily.


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[Assistant] Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds. It's important, therefore, to test your talk on trusted friends and find out which parts they get confused by. Four. Here's the final tip. Make your idea worth sharing.


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[Assistant] By that I mean, ask yourself the question, who does this idea benefit?


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[Assistant] And I need you to be honest with the answer. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then I'm sorry to say it's probably not worth sharing.


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[Assistant] The audience will see right through you. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk. One that can be a gift to them and to all of us.


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[Assistant] Chargrilled pineapple with donuts and some whipped cream.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so, First Avery's, we are doing chicken. So, uh, we're just kind of spatchcock taking the backbone out. Just gonna put like a really quick dry rub on it.


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[Assistant] And then we have a smoked capsicum sauce going with it. And then with a really fresh herb salad.


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[Assistant] Laura, what's going on the beef? Salt, pepper. That's it. Salt and pepper. Any charcoal stuff? Please speak to Chris.


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[Assistant] Got an hour to go. I'm looking around and everyone's still doing the exact same job they started doing. Brendan Courtney who haven't finished their salad.


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[Assistant] We're so close to service and everyone's just like picked it up.


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[Assistant] Bren and Courtney have finished their salad. Khan and Tessa have finished the sauces. Chris is nearly done with the barbecuing. Finally things are coming together.


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[Assistant] The pressure test is gonna be really hard, but I'm not going home. Absolutely not. I'm here to the end, not going home.


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[Assistant] Thousand Islands. It's awesome. Well, like, well done, man.


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[Assistant] In round one, you had to name a condiment. In round two, we want you to make a condiment.


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[Assistant] Ah, that's made you happy. And cook a dish that goes with it.


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[Assistant] You have 60 minutes, an open pantry, the garden's in play, the worst dish will send its maker home.


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[Assistant] Are you ready? Yes. Your time starts now.


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[Assistant] Well I reckon the szechuan chilli vinegar's fantastic. I love it. But I'm just not sure about the dumpling. I don't get the sweet potato. I'd prefer something more textural. For me the pasta skin's...


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[Assistant] Did you deliberately go with something you knew you were going to nail? Is that the idea? Dressed in black? Going with satay?


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[Assistant] You were focused, you set out with a purpose, you stayed calm, the benches were clean, and the end result? Some delicious food. Three of you did an exceptional job.


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[Assistant] And the perfect simplicity of your dish. Well done.


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[Assistant] Tati, Matt Preston said he has never met a satay he didn't like. And with satays like that, we can understand why. Brilliant job.


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[Assistant] And Steph, we know that you've been worried about how you're going in the kitchen, but stop worrying. What we loved about your dish today was everything.


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[Assistant] Fragments entering from above the stratosphere will burn up due to atmospheric heating. But fragments from the sections below will hit the earth.


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[Assistant] In times like this, I guess everybody comes together as one.


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[Assistant] You cannot go to the other side of the mountain. A fire dragon lives on the mountain in a cave. She will gobble you up when you try to pass her cave. And no brave men or soldiers have come back from there.


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[Assistant] Why do we crave sugar? Cause sugar contains all the essential nutrients. Nah. Sugar is found in many food items like chocolates, cakes, ice creams, etc. Dude.


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[Assistant] The sweet sensing taste buds in our tongue sense signals to the brain. In the brain, these signals activate the reward system due to which neurotransmitters like dopamine are released.


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[Assistant] Dopamine gives us pleasure and makes us feel good. As it makes us feel good, we tend to eat more sweet, sugary foods to get the same feeling.


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[Assistant] Lesson 34 – Adolescence. First listen and then answer the following question. What do adolescents respect in parents?


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[Assistant] They may even accuse them of disloyalty or make some spiteful remark about the friend's parents


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[Assistant] Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and make them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit.


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[Assistant] Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable


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[Assistant] Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation


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[Assistant] Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child


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[Assistant] If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment


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[Assistant] They would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it


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[Assistant] The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust


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[Assistant] What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true


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[Assistant] Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude


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[Assistant] In fact they did nothing of the kind. But children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt.


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[Assistant] Today we tend to go to the other extreme. But on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent


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[Assistant] It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment


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[Assistant] Claire Smith. She is cooking royalty. Now I am terrified.


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[Assistant] It's really silky and sticky, so it's the right consistency. Nice layer.


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[Assistant] To make the pear puree, I dice up some pears and I put them in a vac seal bag with stock syrup and ascorbic acid. Then I place the bag in a water bath.


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[Assistant] I put the pears and gelatin into the blender. Continue to process on speed for two minutes or until smooth. I'm really happy with it, so I thin it out on a tray.


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[Assistant] I really need to match this puree to Claire's because I don't want to go home.


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[Assistant] I've ticked off a lot of elements, but I still have to get my creme patissiere from the fridge and create the creme diplomat.


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[Assistant] I know these pair discs are a little bit thin, but I don't have time to do anymore. I'm thinking when I plate, if I double them up, they'll be alright.


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[Assistant] I definitely put in 110% today, so I'm really feeling the pressure to get this dish up. I want it to be perfect.


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[Assistant] Yeah, that was the baptism by fire, like, in the most spectacular way.


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[Assistant] Today I'm making a stout braised beef pie with blue cheese crust, glazed carrots, rubbish on mash, and red cage.


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[Assistant] Making a start braised beef pie with a blue cheese crust and then three compliments. Parrots mash, uh, glazed carrots and cider braised cabbage. It's going to be very, very traditional. I'm really confident. However, if anything messes up at the beginning, I have no compliments. So that's going to be a problem.


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[Assistant] The pressure points are to get that meat caramelised and into the pressure cooker on time. If I miss that time frame, my meat won't be braised down enough and I won't have time to make these beautiful sides that complement that pie.


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[Assistant] Woah, not really. Steaks are taking so long to caramelise. I should have put that beef into the pressure cooker ten minutes ago.


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[Assistant] Today's pressure test is one with a difference. We have been asked to design our own recipes. You're on track, Po. To cook in two hours and the result has to be wow.


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[Assistant] The meat is just not as dark as I wanted it to be. But I can't wait any longer. I'm just gonna have to push on and put this in the pressure cooker. I wrote my own pressure test and I could be sending myself home today.


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[Assistant] My sauce is humming along nicely and the beef is still in the pressure cooker.


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[Assistant] I'm really happy with the texture of the pastry. I can see that beautiful blue cheese dotted throughout it. I'm really worried about time, so I need to keep this kind of paste going.


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[Assistant] Oh, this pie of promise is turning out to be a pie of pain in the arse.


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[Assistant] This is getting very, very scary. That pie should be assembled by now.


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[Assistant] I shred my beef like an absolute maniac, tip it into the sauce, fold it around,


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[Assistant] This is the decorative part of the dish. I can't rush this.


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[Assistant] I usually cook this pie 45 minutes at about 170 to 180. I'm in panic mode. I put it on 190.


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[Assistant] With the cabbage, it needs to be really nice and sharp to help cut through the richness of that pie.


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[Assistant] The carrots need to be perfectly tender. Orange and carrots, so good.


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[Assistant] I can't believe that I've actually set myself a proper pressure test.


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[Assistant] I'm worried about my pastry being a bit raw in some parts. I'm worried about the beef not having broken down enough. I could be going home.


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[Assistant] Accompaniments, I have some orange and butter glazed carrots, a Robuchon mash, and apple cider and butter braised cabbage.


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[Assistant] The meringue is going well, I've just got to add the lemon verbena powder. But I don't want to over whisk it.


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[Assistant] I have my meringue done. I have done my milk infusion. Moving on to the jelly.


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[Assistant] No, not. I've forgotten to get my jelly out of the blast chiller.


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[Assistant] I'm gonna put it back on the stove, heat it up a little bit so it melts all together, and then I'll pour it back into the mould.


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[Assistant] I just hope I haven't wasted too much time fixing my jelly. Chill it for 30 minutes in the fridge and juice.


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[Assistant] Really trying to get a move on. So I put my pairs into a ward fast.


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[Assistant] We get 10 minutes to plait up all of our elements in front of the judges, so I've gotta make sure it's all perfect.


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[Assistant] To plate up this dish I put my two ring moulds in the centre of the dish and dust it with the lemon verbena sugar.


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[Assistant] What do we do from this point on? We're going to head to the rendezvous point that Klaus and I decided on in advance.


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[Assistant] I'll go see how things are. You and the children can go wait at the cabin over there.


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[Assistant] You can't even carry a gun, so you'll just be a liability. Stay and look after the children.


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[Assistant] People would have a hard time not noticing the cheat there.


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[Assistant] Nice try, Scott. But you can help me most by staying here with Melinda. And looking after things.


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[Assistant] Some legend, Alex. Yeah, I think I'd rather be facing a hundred Gila monsters. Get your masks, but don't hurt him.


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[Assistant] If we want to find the young dinosauroid, we've got to follow the father. Ah, see. Let's get to it.


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[Assistant] What do you think the golden boy's doing with venom? Von Ryan's an old man. He's got more money than he could ever spend.


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[Assistant] What's the one thing money can't buy? A longer life? Right.


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[Assistant] Yes, and it's present in all species. And it's a good thing, because sometimes it's easier on boys who disobey their fathers.


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[Assistant] That's right, son. They're for people's safety. There's one right up ahead. Let's use it. We'll have some fun on those rides.


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[Assistant] I've got mixed emotions about today's pressure test. Usually you're following a chef's recipe and I enjoy that style because everyone's on the same playing field. But today we're putting up our own dish and it's definitely not a dish that I want to be sent home on.


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[Assistant] I own a pasta restaurant. This is what I do. This is my heritage. Um, I think this dish is showing like a lot of technique, a lot of skill using, um, ingredients that I love using. So both Italian and indigenous. But the double ravioli is a really technical dish. So gotta really hope that this will pay off and I'm not going home.


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[Assistant] I used to watch her on TV on Series 1 when I was 12 years old. If I could go back and talk to 12 year old me and say, one day you'll be cooking in the kitchen with Poe.


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[Assistant] You know, I'd be like, this is never gonna happen. Like, that's crazy. But, you know, here we are.


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[Assistant] Even though it's a pressure test, the stress is there. Uhm, I've worked so efficiently throughout this whole cook. I'm doing something that I love and, you know, making this pasta right now, it's like really bringing me back to why I wanted to do this dish.


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[Assistant] Kind of left like a little gap in the middle, uhm, and then I'm going to fold it over itself, uhm, and just make those two fillings like really separate from each other, so it's quite distinct. So you just fold it over.


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[Assistant] The process to making these ravioli is super crucial. I need to make sure that I'm getting all the air out of the fillings because if they're not folded properly and there's too much air inside, they'll pop and I won't be able to use them.


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[Assistant] My ravioli doppy look amazing. The texture's perfect. I love the flavour.


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[Assistant] Get it in the oven. My god. It's gonna be incredible.


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[Assistant] His dish is based around a violet crumble. This is the crucial part of his dish.


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[Assistant] I'm getting really worried that, you know, it's not going to work out.


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[Assistant] A bee makes a buzz sound.


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[Assistant] A cat makes a meow sound.


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[Assistant] Cow. Moo.


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[Assistant] A cow makes a moo sound.


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[Assistant] A tiger makes a rrrr sound.


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[Assistant] tiger grr


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[Assistant] To recover VEDA, an operation to force their way through the Allo's fleet gets underway. Next episode, for the future.


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[Assistant] Wow, that does look like a nice hotel. Oh cool, it has a hot tub.


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[Assistant] How are the reviews? Remember the other one that looked perfect, but the reviews were really bad? Rude staff, no wifi?


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[Assistant] What? We're staying 10 days. That's a lot over budget.


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[Assistant] Then I remember my mom bought me a passport holder for my birthday last year. And I put it in there. Then I put it in... My suitcase! It's in the big suitcase!


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[Assistant] So it's at the other end of the building between the car hire office and currency exchange office.


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[Assistant] We missed our connecting flight and couldn't get another one until this morning.


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[Assistant] Hold on, let me see what it was called again. Oh yeaah, the Hungry Man's Platter.


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[Assistant] Okay. Wait, does that come with bacon or sausage?


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[Assistant] And in the picture on the menu, it looks like there's cheese on there. Is there cheese?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, no cheese. Anything else?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can I help you? Is this where we book a tour? Yes it is. Where were you thinking of going? We're not exactly sure. Someone on the plane recommended some ruins, but that's about all we know of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, yes. There are some ancient ruins in the national park. That's about two hours away, however. So we offer that tour as a day excursion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guided tour, which is in English, will pick you up in front of the hotel and take you to the national park. Not only does the tour include the price of admissions, but it also includes lunch and some free time for shopping.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it's already noon. Is there any tour we can do today? Of course! There is a half-day tour to Tower Hill!


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[Assistant] That includes a carriage ride to the top and entrance to the gardens.


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[Assistant] It's offered twice a day, at sunrise and sunset. You could still sign up for the sunset tour today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The views are stunning. You won't regret it. Can't we just hike to the top ourselves?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can, but it takes about two to three hours each way. I see. Well, are there any free tours we can do? Sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a free city walking tour that starts in front of the information center and ends near the pier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Take a boat ride on the canal or get a caricature made. Great! When does that start? They go every hour on the hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't need to. Look, my phone says it's just down this road. A little further and then on the left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. See? Just another block, and then... What? Shoot. I headed upside down. It's that way, and on the right.


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[Assistant] I typed it raw. I wrote place instead of palace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, the science as it is. Wouldn't it go great in our kitchen?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we have to get that too then. Deal. Look at this mini statue!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, but babe, aren't we supposed to be buying souvenirs to take home for our friends and family?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'm thinking how it would look if we just brought them all back a magnet or keychain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then they come over and see our place, completely redecorated with souvenirs we bought for ourselves on our trip.


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[Assistant] Hello, and welcome to our restaurant. Hello.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's the menu. Can I start you off with anything to drink?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is a cocktail with lemonade, mint, orange, strawberries. I'll have a pimps cup.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Certainly. Today we're serving French onion soup topped with croutons and cheese.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you tell me what mozza ball soup is? It's a homemade chicken soup with dumplings. Sounds delicious. I'll have that. Thank you. Of course. And for the main course?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Skinless chicken breasts are boiled and marinated in olive oil, rosemary, garlic, and lemon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, madam. And for you, sir? I'll have the lobster risotto. Oh, hold on. Is there garlic in that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, it is fried with garlic, butter, and sage. No garlic for me, thanks. I'll make a note for the chef.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could you tell me what this charge is here for $45?


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[Assistant] Yes, yes, but we definitely didn't have any orange juice in the restaurant on the 25th.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I remember we ordered some fresh juice and then changed our minds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's okay. And what's this $53 for?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Alice was unusual partly because of course she was a woman, which was pretty rare in the 1950s. And she was brilliant. She was one of the, at the time, the youngest fellow to be elected to the Royal College of Physicians. She was unusual too because she continued to work after she got married, after she had kids.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she was unusual because she was really interested in a new science, the emerging field of epidemiology, the study of patterns in disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But like every scientist, she appreciated that to make her mark, what she needed to do was find a hard problem and solve it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The hard problem that Alice chose was the rising incidence of childhood cancers. Most diseases correlated with poverty, but in the case of childhood cancers, the children who were dying seemed mostly to come from affluent families. So what she wanted to know could explain this anomaly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now Alice had trouble getting funding for her research. In the end she got just a thousand pounds from the Lady Tata Memorial Prize. And that meant she knew she only had one shot at collecting her data.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when our carbon copied questionnaires started to come back, one thing and one thing only jumped out with a statistical clarity of a kind that most scientists can only dream of. By a rate of two to one, the children who had died,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Had had mothers who had been x-rayed when pregnant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now that finding flew in the face of conventional wisdom. Conventional wisdom held that everything was safe up to a point, a threshold.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which was as people who helped patients, they didn't harm them.


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[Assistant] It was fully 25 years before the British and medical, British and American medical establishments abandoned the practice of x-raying pregnant women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She worked with a statistician named George Neal and George was pretty much everything that Alice wasn't. So Alice was very outgoing and sociable and George was a recluse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alice was very warm, very empathetic with her patients. George frankly preferred numbers to people.


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[Assistant] But he said this fantastic thing about their working relationship. He said, my job is to prove Dr. Stewart wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He saw his job as creating conflict around her theories because it was only by not being able to prove that she was wrong, that George could give Alice the confidence she needed to know that she was right. It's a fantastic model of collaboration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alice and George were very good at conflict. They saw it as thinking.


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[Assistant] Well first of all, it requires that we find people who are very different from ourselves. That means we have to resist the neurobiological drive, which means that we really prefer people mostly like ourselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it means we have to seek out people with different backgrounds, different disciplines, different ways of thinking and different experience and find ways to engage with them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That requires a lot of patience and a lot of energy.


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[Assistant] And the more I've thought about this, the more I think really that that's a kind of love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you simply won't commit that kind of energy and time if you don't really care.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that isn't because they don't want to. It's really because they can't. And they can't because the people inside of them are too afraid of conflict.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Afraid of the conflict that that would provoke, afraid to get embroiled in arguments that they did not know how to manage and felt that they were bound to lose. 85% is a really big number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it means that people like many of us who have run organizations and gone out of our way to try to find the very best people we can mostly fail to get the best out of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So how do we develop the skills that we need? Because it does take skill and practice too. If we aren't going to be afraid of conflict, we have to see it as thinking and then we have to get really good at it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Joe was very worried about the device that he was working on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He thought that it was too complicated and he thought that its complexity created margins of error that could really hurt people. He was afraid of doing damage to the patients he was trying to help. But when he looked around his organization, nobody else seemed to be at all worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joe is what a lot of people might think of as a whistleblower.


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[Assistant] I think it's a fantastic system, but I think leaving it to PhD candidates is far too few people and way too late in life.


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[Assistant] We enable ourselves and the people around us to do our very best thinking.


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[Assistant] But the truth won't set us free until we develop the skills and the habit and the talent and the moral courage to use it. Openness isn't the end. It's the beginning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When God is angry, He show no mercy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Were you here during the storm? The winds of the God took me to Bat City in Skye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was like dream, then I fell to ground. Did you see a white one named Sarah? She was here, but now...


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[Assistant] You guys were working at Hawker in like the most...


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[Assistant] Difficult conditions, but kept such a positive attitude. I really admire that. I love the depth of knowledge. You're all ambitious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like an Aladdin's cave, right? You come in and you see beautiful stuff and you just want to buy and eat everything, right? That's where food lovers go. That's what I love about a deli.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sorry, Ben. That's incorrect.


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[Assistant] 18? Do you want to try? Yes please.


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[Assistant] The one thing you need to remember is that everything needs to stand out. So if the ricotta is not flavored nicely, there's nowhere to hide, right? Like, not everybody takes the perfect bite of everything. That's always the risk with plated desserts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she also used the brief really well so that she took those tomatoes, she took the, the trout, and you can really taste everything and it works perfectly together. It's a tummy hug. It's a bit like the hug she gave me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I look at it with suspicion because composed desserts are either a total failure or they're sublime and I'm not sure.


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[Assistant] I think it delivers exactly what you see on the plate, right? It's not better than it looks, it's not worse than it looks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The twill is okay, the drive pair, but it's got no um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have to remember that the ingredient he was featuring is bacon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it was tough. Courtney went home and she's a great cook. It just shows how high that bar is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so I'm going to do a honey and blacken your parfait with a coriander cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I've got immunity once before and I'd love to have another crack at... ...Reynold or those guys that are all doing desserts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Coriander cream, a five spice shard, and some caramelised black vinegar cherries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking at the deli from up here, I can see so many amazing ingredients and they're nailing it so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's only going to get harder as the known ingredients get taken out of play.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking great Tati. Keep firing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unfortunately, that incident at the orbital elevator hit our forces pretty hard. I'd like to stay here until we regroup.


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[Assistant] But somebody has to do something, or else nothing will ever change.


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[Assistant] Chicken feet ice cream. Chicken feet ice cream. Chicken feet ice cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to treat this as I would the calamari, but it just seems really tough and the skin's really hard to come off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've never wanted to be top five in a mystery box challenge as much as I do today. I really want Rick Stein to try my plate of food. I'm going to do, uh, the cuttlefish today. I think that that's the best option for me. So I have roast garlic and basil and pine nut sauce and roasted tomatoes with a chilli caramel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking colourful, kinda. I'm really happy with the flavours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last name's called and it's me and this is all I wanted.


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[Assistant] My dish is confit and grilled cuttlefish with a roasted garlic and basil sauce, some chilli caramel roasted tomatoes, and some roast garlic on top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've done pan-fried plounder with crispy whitebait and some fondant potatoes.


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[Assistant] No, not at all. In an age of reformation.


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[Assistant] Similar to the way that your beauty will wither away with time. In order to cling to the glorious past, people achieve peace by hurting others.


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[Assistant] People know it isn't the right thing to do, but they're unable to stop any of it.


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[Assistant] We consider things from a much broader perspective.


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[Assistant] Sad as it is, I'm merely telling you the truth.


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[Assistant] I no longer have any use for her, but if you want you can look after her. Heavens no.


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[Assistant] The brilliant light from the Trans Am Riser allows the separated couple to come together and face each other on the battlefield. Next episode, Shadow of the Innovators. The dark schemer gets in the way of people in love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When cooking seafood in paella, the stock is meant to steam up through the rice and perfectly cook that seafood. So it's crucial that there's enough moisture in that pan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dish is whole barramundi and potato curry, and I'm going to do a whole fish in the banana leaf to impress the judges.


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[Assistant] I'm putting my whole parmandi in the wok and cook it for a few minutes, then it will cook very nicely in the oven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I really need to get my piece out of the oven.


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[Assistant] I really don't know if the fish is cooked properly until the judges open it from the banana leaf


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[Assistant] I keep thinking whether my paramanthi is cooked perfectly or not. I'm a bit worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This whole butter mandi and potato curry wrapped in banana leaf and baked them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A creme diplomate, some pickled cherries that I did in a burnt orange and black vinegar gastrique, and then the Chinese five spice meringue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not laughing at you. I'm laughing at the shirts. It looks terrible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm trying to help you, David. And I'm telling you, those two shirts look awful. Don't you want to make a good impression?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look at that guy on the TV. He's wearing great clothes. Don't you like that outfit?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes you are, and I'm not saying that just because you're my brother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have an idea. Let's go to a clothing store nearby. They have great clothes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, Mark, it's the math test tomorrow. I'm so afraid of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm afraid I won't get the answers right and I'll fail it. I've never been good at math.


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[Assistant] I don't think so because this one will be more difficult.


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[Assistant] Maybe I won't go to school tomorrow. I will tell the teacher I was sick.


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[Assistant] How exciting! Did you also go scuba diving?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, you're right. So what are you going to do today?


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[Assistant] First or second class? Second. Okay, that's thirty dollars and fifty cents.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello, I'd like to check in. Hello, may I see your passport? Here you go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Therefore, you have to pay for an overweight baggage fee, which is $75.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I see. Okay, no problem. I will pay for the fee. Would you like a window seat or an aisle seat?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I don't mind, but can I have a seat next to my friend? Has he already checked in? No, I'm waiting for him. Well, I'm afraid I can't.


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[Assistant] You should take one to two teaspoons three or four times a day. And these lozenges are also very good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should take one lozenge three to four times a day. Are you allergic to any medicine?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What size would you like? Small, medium, or large?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you go. That'll be 15.25 then, please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you still feel sick in a few days, see a doctor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, I'm calling about an order for a pair of sneakers from your website.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We still have tickets for the 7pm and 10pm showing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are available seats at the middle and at the back. Which ones do you prefer?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. Here are your tickets and your change. Enjoy the movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for watching, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A little upside down cherry cake with a Chinese five spice ice cream and just a Chinese five spice cream. Why not have both?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, congratulations! You've just won the lottery. Only the prize isn't cash or a luxury cruise. It's a position in your country's national legislature. And you aren't the only lucky winner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This might strike you as a strange way to run a government let alone a democracy. Elections are the epitome of democracy, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, the ancient Athenians who coined the word had another view. In fact, elections only played a small role in Athenian democracy, with most offices filled by random lottery from a pool of citizen volunteers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unlike the representative democracies common today, where voters elect leaders to make laws and decisions on their behalf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 5th century B.C. Athens was a direct democracy that encouraged wide participation through the principle of ha bulaminos, or anyone who wishes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This meant that any of its approximately 30,000 eligible citizens could attend the Ecclesia, a general assembly meeting, several times a month. In principle, any of the 6,000 or so who showed up at each session had the right to address their fellow citizens, propose a law, or bring a public lawsuit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, a crowd of 6,000 people trying to speak at the same time would not have made for effective government.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rather than being elected or appointed, the people in these positions were chosen by lot.


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[Assistant] This process of randomized selection is known as sortition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only positions filled by elections were those recognized as requiring expertise, such as generals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But these were considered aristocratic, meaning rule by the best, as opposed to democracies rule by the many. How did this system come to be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Democracy arose in Athens after long periods of social and political tension marked by conflict among nobles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the ability of ordinary citizens to perform these tasks adequately became a central feature of the democratic ideology of Athens. Rather than a privilege, civic participation was the duty of all citizens, with sortition and strict term limits preventing governing classes or political parties from forming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some ancient philosophers, including Plato, disparaged this form of democracy as being anarchic and run by fools. But today, the word has such positive associations that vastly different regimes claim to embody it. At the same time, some share Plato's skepticism about the wisdom of crowds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many modern democracies reconcile this conflict by having citizens elect those they consider qualified to legislate on their behalf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this poses its own problems, including the influence of wealth and the emergence of professional politicians with different interests than their constituents.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could reviving election by lottery lead to more effective government through a more diverse and representative group of legislators? Or does modern political office, like Athenian military command, require specialized knowledge and skills? You probably shouldn't hold your breath to win a spot in your country's government.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But depending on where you live, you may still be selected to participate in a jury, a citizen's assembly, or a deliberative poll.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All examples of how the democratic principle behind sortition still survives today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During the Azotistan Civil War four years ago, you were in contact with a member of Celestial Being, weren't you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now that the new Gundams have appeared on the scene, you have once again become a person of tremendous importance to us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Marina Ismail, Princess Royal of the Kingdom of Azadistan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even so, you killed people with your gundams too. Hurting their loved ones like I've been hurt. It's only natural for people to hate you for what you did. I knew that. The world was peaceful back then. My normal everyday life would have continued. And it was you people who destroyed all that!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because making dumplings is a absolute art, we've arranged a master dumpling maker to give you a mini masterclass. Please welcome


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Edward, Matt, Gary and I are super pumped. We love dumplings so much. Too much. The first ding tai fung in Hong Kong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, rumors have that you, uh, bit of a dumpling master in the house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What do you mean it's okay?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're making the dough now. 25 minutes. Yes, yes. It's okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next dish we'd like to taste belongs to Christina.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a shame because the, the dressing is super delicious, it's really yummy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The rules, 75 minutes. Open pantry. The garden is in play.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Best three dishes go into this week's immunity challenge along with Derrick.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The three worst dishes go into tomorrow's pressure test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good to see you plating up, because you've really only got five minutes to go. Come on!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For today's invention test, we asked you to share one of your cooking secrets with us. But above all, cook us something bloody delicious.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It looks like there's some cracking food out there. Let's not waste any more time. First up, Sandy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last dish we'd like to taste belongs to... Tartie. Let's see your crackers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really proud that I was able to get something up against the odds. I still think that I've hit the brief, but I've got no idea what to expect from the judges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Later, could you update me on our current fighting strength and our present situation? Please.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sandy, I think is struggling a little bit. Hurry up, Sandy. Just focus, Sandy. He looks really rattled. He needs to focus and get going on his dish or he's just gonna have no hope. You can do it, Sandy. Come on now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got prawn, ginger, and uhm, bamboo shoot, and uh, coriander.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to cook my dumplings for about 6 minutes


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It cooked properly and the sauce is really nice, so I'm very happy about it, but I'm still worried about the rest of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was running out of time and I just hope like, pray to God that my dumpling is okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although I'm disappointed, I just closed that book, closed that chapter, and I'm just gonna concentrate on the next invention test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Family peanut crackers. So basically the secret is my grandma always told me don't forget the candlenuts because that give a really nice flavor and crispiness to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to put them inside the banana leaf so that I can steam them because it actually adds a really nice flavor to the dish and when you open it, it's heaven. So just love it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I heard there were new model mobile suits mixed in with the enemy forces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, Klaus, these guys are serious. I think it's best we postpone the rescue operation at pr-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My chapati dough's ready. My eggplant's grilled. I really need to get on to making the rest of this curry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's missing some sort of something to kind of bring it all together. Gonna get it, sweetheart. I think I can fix it. Today's all about fairies. So I go back to the pantry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was not smart. I almost set my piper on fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really happy with what I've done, like I'm really proud of this dish, but my concern is the balance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is like a rasam, which is a South Indian soup. I've got a piece of cold trout for you there as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm feeling really proud, but I'm up against a really high caliber of cooks today, especially Amina. The judges loved her dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's ridiculous. The security forces will come. It's possible the Federation could intervene, using you as an excuse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a small village lived a beautiful girl named Karen. She lived with her mother in a small hut. Karen was a poor girl. She had no shoes to wear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She always wore wooden shoes that her mother had made for her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Soon, Karen's mother got very ill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Karen found a pair of red shoes in a box. The box was on the sidewalk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Karen loved the red shoes and decided to take them home.


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[Assistant] But her mother was not happy to see the red shoes.


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[Assistant] Karen was sad, but she could not break her mother's heart.


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[Assistant] So she promised that she will never wear the red shoes. Time passed.


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[Assistant] But Karen could not stop thinking about the red shoes.


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[Assistant] A week later, Karen's mother passed away due to her illness. Karen was very, very sad. But she did something very unusual.


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[Assistant] On her mother's funeral, Karen wore the red shoes. Everybody at the funeral stared at Karen's feet. But Karen did not care. She loved her shoes.


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[Assistant] Karen was sad to have her red shoes go away. The old lady had no children of her own.


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[Assistant] She treated Karen like her own daughter. She gave her a room and new dresses to wear.


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[Assistant] Years passed and Karen grew up. She was now a beautiful young girl.


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[Assistant] But as she grew, so did her stubborn nature. Karen was a difficult child.


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[Assistant] The old lady loved Karen and did not want her to starve.


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[Assistant] She always gave in to her unreasonable demands.


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[Assistant] Time passed by. All Karen's old clothes and her blue shoes were now tight and short.


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[Assistant] As they entered a shop to buy shoes, Karen saw a pair of red shiny shoes.


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[Assistant] But Karen was so happy to see her red shoes, she didn't listen to a word.


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[Assistant] But Karen did not listen. The old lady had to buy the red shoes.


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[Assistant] She also bought a pair of black shoes for Karen. The old lady had no money now, and they had to walk back home.


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[Assistant] All throughout the way, the old lady crouched with pain.


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[Assistant] But Karen danced. She swirled with the wind, laughing and singing.


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[Assistant] Paying no attention to the old lady's aching feet. The next day the old lady had to attend a funeral.


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[Assistant] Karen went to her room and looked at the black shoes.


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[Assistant] She then looked at the red shoes and wore them.


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[Assistant] She hid her feet behind her skirt as she didn't want the old lady to see the red shoes.


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[Assistant] There was gossip about the girl who doesn't respect the dad.


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[Assistant] Someone told the old lady of what has happened.


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[Assistant] The old lady was now furious. She grabbed Karen's hand and stepped out of the funeral.


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[Assistant] As the old lady and Karen began to walk towards the carriage, he came to Karen, kneeled down and whispered to her shoes,


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[Assistant] Oh, I was only admiring your beautiful red dancing shoes. You must be a brilliant dancer.


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[Assistant] Karen was pleased. She wanted to show the soldier that she indeed was a brilliant dancer.


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[Assistant] But Karen was gone far ahead of the carriage. The red shoes didn't listen to her anymore. They were stubborn. They took Karen to the forest and to the mountains. They danced and danced.


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[Assistant] Karen's feet now hurt. Her back was sore from the dancing. She couldn't sleep or eat. She missed her house and her bed. But moreover, she missed the old lady, but the shoes didn't stop. Off she swayed night and day.


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[Assistant] But nobody could come for her help. Karen was now scared.


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[Assistant] The shoes took her to the thorny bushes, and Karen's feet were now badly hurt.


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[Assistant] Finally, Karen managed to take the red shoes off.


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[Assistant] The shoes were off her feet, but they were still dancing!


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[Assistant] Karen's feet were now broken. She could not stand without the support of a stick.


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[Assistant] Karen somehow managed to reach home, and the dancing red shoes followed her.


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[Assistant] The old lady was happy to see Karen. She gave her food and made her rest.


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[Assistant] The next day, Karen wanted to go out to the market.


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[Assistant] But as she opened the door, she found the red shoes right at the doorstep.


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[Assistant] They were dancing and stopping Karen from leaving the house.


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[Assistant] The old lady and Karen, both were surprised to see those dancing shoes.


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[Assistant] Karen soon realized that this all was her fault.


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[Assistant] Karen began to pray and pray. Night and day!


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[Assistant] When she opened her eyes, she was surprised to see the old soldier from the village standing in front of her.


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[Assistant] Child, I'm glad that you have learnt your lesson.


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[Assistant] Uttering these words, the soldier vanished. And so did the red shoes.


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[Assistant] Karen and the old lady were now happy and peaceful.


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[Assistant] Karen decided to study hard and never let the red shoes enter her life again.


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[Assistant] But what are you doing here? I'm a member of the organization, Catherine.


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[Assistant] I'm a woman who shouts her defiance at the Earth Sphere Federation.


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[Assistant] When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding. Teaching.


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[Assistant] I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.


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[Assistant] What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.


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[Assistant] Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well. And that got me thinking.


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[Assistant] The kinds of things you need to learn in 7th grade math, sure, they're hard. Ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram. But these concepts are not impossible.


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[Assistant] I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.


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[Assistant] Depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily. So I left the classroom and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.


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[Assistant] I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings. And in every study my question was, who is successful here and why?


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[Assistant] My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.


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[Assistant] We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.


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[Assistant] And of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?


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[Assistant] We partnered with private companies asking, which of these sales people is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts,


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[Assistant] One characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence, it wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit.


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[Assistant] Grit is passion and perseverance for very long term goals. Grit is having stamina.


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[Assistant] Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years.


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[Assistant] And working really hard to make that future a reality.


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[Assistant] Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.


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[Assistant] A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago Public Schools.


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[Assistant] I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.


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[Assistant] Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure. Things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.


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[Assistant] So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters, it's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.


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[Assistant] To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it.


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[Assistant] Every day, parents and teachers ask me, how do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic? How do I keep them motivated for the long run? The honest answer is, I don't know. What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly.


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[Assistant] That there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.


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[Assistant] So far the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called growth mindset.


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[Assistant] This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief.


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[Assistant] That the ability to learn is not fixed. That it can change with your effort.


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[Assistant] Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.


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[Assistant] So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more.


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[Assistant] And that's where I'm gonna end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them.


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[Assistant] We need to measure whether we've been successful and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned. In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Thank you.


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[Assistant] I'm Kati Monikin. Captain, why did you join the Allos?


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[Assistant] They show themselves on purpose and then attack full force? Two mobile suits down, ma'am. Very well. Switch to tactical plan C. Roger. Is this what Kujo would do?


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[Assistant] Hello everybody, it's me, your mate Elliot from ETJ English and today we're combining slang and pronunciation together. Let's do it.


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[Assistant] I know that you guys love learning pronunciation, that's what this channel is about. And I also know that you love slang and British expressions.


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[Assistant] So I thought today, uhm, I'd actually teach you how to pronounce some of those words and some new words. So we're going to learn a little bit of the meaning of these words.


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[Assistant] But mainly the pronunciation and in particular we're focusing on how to pronounce the tricky parts of the words. So the vowels or maybe some consonant clusters or pronouncing the T or not pronouncing the T. So just how to sound the most British when we pronounce these British slang words. Makes sense, right?


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[Assistant] So let's get straight into it. We're going to start with probably the two most common slang.


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[Assistant] All kind of native words in British English and those are cheers and can you guess the next one? Mate.


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[Assistant] Cheers, mate. They both have two sounds which are kind of related to each other.


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[Assistant] When we push them together, they become a diphthong. One sound, but with two vowels in it. So we have


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[Assistant] Mate. So look what I'm doing with my mouth. Firstly with ear.


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[Assistant] Imagine you're really happy and you want to produce the eee sound. You do a nice smile with the mouth and the tongue goes slightly high in the top of the mouth. And then imagine


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[Assistant] You're really, really happy, right? You're smiling, you're really happy, and then suddenly, something bad happens. Your mouth is going to go neutral. So, eeuh, eeuh.


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[Assistant] Cheers. Try it without the z at the end. Cheer. Now try and add the z on the end. Cheers. A very similar sound. Eh. Eh. So tongue should be near the front in the middle of the mouth. Eh.


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[Assistant] And then the tongue's going up and we're doing that smiling shape again. Ayy.


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[Assistant] Now let's try it without the t at the end. May. Mate.


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[Assistant] So let's try them both together now. Cheers, mate.


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[Assistant] Now you don't have to pronounce the T at the end of mate. It's actually quite common for people to say mate.


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[Assistant] It's a very, very common British thing and this happens a lot with the word mate. So, sounding like a native, we would say, cheers mate. Next one, a word for money, we would say quid. So I would say there are...


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[Assistant] Two difficulties here. Firstly is the consonant cluster. The K and the W joining together. Kwa. We have to do it all in one quick motion. So the


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[Assistant] Sound. We have to press, uh, our tongue, kind of the middle of our tongue up against the top of our mouth.


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[Assistant] And the front of the tongue should be going down into the bottom of our mouth and we're creating pressure to create a


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[Assistant] Sound, okay, we have to push the air out and release the tongue when it's pressing against the top of the mouth.


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[Assistant] Okay, now you need to add a wuh into it, which makes it really difficult for some learners. The wuh sound, we create a very small round shape with the mouth like in a word like woman. Okay, but we're combining it with a kuh and we need to do it all in one breath. Quid, kuh, wuh, kuh, wuh. Now try them together. Quuh, quuh.


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[Assistant] Now, the next difficulty that people find is the i sound. Lots of people pronounce it as ee, so I hear many of my students saying queet.


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[Assistant] But we need it to be quid. Eh. So to pronounce the eh sound, if you remember the ee sound I talked about before, it's similar, but we do need to make it firstly shorter.


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[Assistant] And we need to move the tongue down just a little bit lower. It should be just below the top teeth or just behind the sharp edge of the top teeth. And the chin should drop down just slightly.


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[Assistant] Quid. Now I said about when we're really upset or disappointed or annoyed about something, we might be gutted. Okay?


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[Assistant] Now the important thing here is actually the ending of the word. We're not saying guthead. We're saying gutted.


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[Assistant] Although it's spelt with an e-d, we're pronouncing it as id.


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[Assistant] Gutted. Next word I want to practice has a very, very British sound. This British sound is so important to make you sound more British, and it's the O sound. The word is brony.


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[Assistant] So a brolly is the short word for an umbrella, and you always need an umbrella in England, even in the summer, trust me. The sound is O.


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[Assistant] Okay, now this sound is so important to British English because it's in words like lots and not. And an American would say lots and not.


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[Assistant] We do this O sound which just makes us sound British. So we really need to make sure we get this sound correct. Broly.


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[Assistant] Now, the other difficulty here is we have another consonant cluster. We have a B and an R. Brr.


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[Assistant] Bruh, bruh, bruh, bruh. Now, I think the best way to practice this consonant cluster is including the O sound. So, to produce this O sound, we need to keep the tongue quite low, but we need to push it back slightly into the back of the mouth, so it's low and in the back of the mouth, and we create a very, very round shape with the mouth. O, bruh.


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[Assistant] And I've heard many people pronounce it wrong. To be knackered simply means tired. Okay? Knackered.


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[Assistant] Nuh is the beginning, okay. Although it begins with a K, it's a silent K. We don't say knackered. We have to start with a nuh sound. Nah.


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[Assistant] Okay, now the ah sound. Tongue low at the front of the mouth behind your bottom teeth. Ah. Open wide. Now we have a schwa sound here.


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[Assistant] Okay, so, nah, could, could, could. Okay, so we're doing an uh sound in there. Tongue in the middle of the mouth, relax. Nah, could, could. And it has to be said quickly.


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[Assistant] Nackered. And when we're a little bit hungry we might say that we are peckish. Peckish. I think that's quite an easy one.


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[Assistant] Lots of people do get confused by these two vowels. We have eh, where we need to keep the tongue at the front and the middle of the mouth. And then eh, the tongue just needs to go a little bit higher, so we have


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[Assistant] Now, the main thing I want to focus on here is the SHHT at the end. So we're doing a SHHT


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[Assistant] Imagine you're ending the story, you're ending that sound, the sh sound, with a very quick t. Smashed. Smashed.


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[Assistant] So if you were drunk last weekend, you could say, I was smashed last weekend. And finally, I like to use this word when I'm talking about someone


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[Assistant] A male person I don't really know. So I could say, for example, I was walking in the street yesterday and I saw this bloke.


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[Assistant] Very, very British word here, bloke. And again we have a diphthong. Oh. Oh.


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[Assistant] So we have schwa, uh, and then uuuh. Blow.


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[Assistant] Bloke. Bluh, bluh, bluh. So buh and luh, we need to join those together. Bloke. Bloke.


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[Assistant] And another word which has that O sound in it would be


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[Assistant] Loaded. Again, finishing with it. Loaded.


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[Assistant] If you're loaded, it means you have lots of money. And skint.


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[Assistant] Skint. Now that's all of your words and I really hope this helps you with learning how to pronounce some of these words which I've taught you before. It's all good learning a new word and learning new words but if you don't know how to pronounce them then you can't really use them. So that's why I did this lesson today and pronunciation is my speciality. It's my full time job to teach people.


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[Assistant] Uh, pronunciation and you can become one of my students and I'd love to help you. All you have to do is, is click the link in the description below, uh, to go to etjenglish.com.


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[Assistant] And you can join my online pronunciation course, which will teach you how to reduce your accent and how to replace your


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[Assistant] Let's face it, English, it's a difficult language. So many things that you need to remember, particularly as a non-native. Vocabulary, grammar, you need to be able to listen to people, but in my field of pronunciation, things get quite complex.


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[Assistant] Even something so simple, such as changing the syllable which is stressed in a word, it can change the meaning of a word. It can make it a completely different word. It can change it from a noun to a verb. It can even change it from one noun to another noun.


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[Assistant] We pronounce it pretty much the same, but changing the stress can change a lot of things.


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[Assistant] And that's what we're looking at today, to help you with both your listening and your own pronunciation on your journey to a British accent. Let's go.


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[Assistant] And today, yes, we are looking at syllable stress. The way that we can change the meaning of a word, just by changing which syllable we stress inside of it. Now this doesn't happen with every word, but it happens with a lot of words, and it can be quite confusing for non-natives. Some of my most


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[Assistant] Advanced students. The ones who've been taking my course for a long time. They might be really, really good with the vowels. They might have very convincing British accents. But all it takes is just one mistake.


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[Assistant] Stressing the wrong syllable, changing it from a noun to a verb by accident, and it can change the complete meaning of what they're saying,


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[Assistant] And it can cause them to feel a bit bad about themselves. So today I'm here to help you with understanding how syllable stress works and how we can hopefully change this problem. So some of you might be asking, but Elliot, how do I really stress something? In everything we say, we rely on stress.


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[Assistant] And all it is really is emphasizing a particular section of what you're saying. So we have something called sentence stress and we have something called syllable stress. Today we are focusing on syllable stress.


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[Assistant] So words, they are broken into syllables. For example, the word travel. We have tra-vel. Two syllables. Okay?


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[Assistant] Which syllable am I stressing when I speak now?


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[Assistant] Travel. Now if you have a good understanding of stress, you will know that I am stressing TRAH, the first syllable.


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[Assistant] Why? Because I'm giving it more emphasis. Maybe I'll raise the tone just slightly. That's what syllable stress is. It's raising the tone possibly, or just emphasizing a section of our word.


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[Assistant] And as I said, this can change the meaning of a word. So it doesn't happen with the word travel, but it does happen with our first word today, which is the word produce. Produce. So this is a noun, but if I said produce, this is a verb.


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[Assistant] Let me give you an example in a sentence. How much produce did you produce this week?


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[Assistant] Now please note that the sentences I'm going to be reading today, they might not make much sense. I'm mainly just putting the two words into one sentence to make you understand the difference. So, how much produce did you produce this week?


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[Assistant] So we have produce the noun, and produce, which is the verb.


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[Assistant] So to produce something is to make, to create something, the verb. And the noun is the result of that, the produce.


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[Assistant] So you can produce the produce you have.


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[Assistant] Let's take a look into the pronunciation. The first word, the noun, produce. We're pronouncing it with the first syllable being stressed.


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[Assistant] We're giving it more emphasis, produce, right? Pro, it has more of a sound to it, more of a stress to it, more emphasis, and I might even raise the tone slightly if I want to. Produce.


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[Assistant] So we're pronouncing it with an o, vowel, pro.


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[Assistant] Proh. To create this sound, you have to round your mouth and lift your tongue up and back slightly. Oh. Oh. Proh. Proges. Okay, round your mouth. Proges. But with the verb,


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[Assistant] Again, as I said, we're stressing a different syllable. We're stressing PRODUCE.


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[Assistant] So, because we're stressing a different syllable, in this word, we're actually going to now relax the O sound that we just talked about, produce.


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[Assistant] Produce. So we're now changing it from pro to pro.


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[Assistant] This, uh, sound is what we call a schwa sound. You've heard me talk about it a lot in my YouTube videos. It's 35%, near enough, of what we say in modern RP.


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[Assistant] Okay, uh, produce. So because we've shifted the stress to the second syllable now, we don't necessarily need to pronounce the O sound, so we're going to relax it.


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[Assistant] So the schwa is often used as a relaxing sound to help us say it faster so that we can get to the stressed syllable, because stress always has priority. We say things fast so that we can get to the stressed parts quicker. It's the same with sentence stress. So, produce, produce.


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[Assistant] Object. So an object is anything really. My phone, right? This is an object.


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[Assistant] But object is a verb. And if I object something, it means I disagree with somebody's opinion or I have a different opinion about something. I disagree.


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[Assistant] Okay, I have a different view, I object. You often hear this in movies, in court. Object, object. Again, what's happening here is in the noun form, object, we're pronouncing it with an O sound.


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[Assistant] But when we shift the stress to the second syllable, we're actually going to now relax the O sound, and it's going to be replaced with a schwa. Object, uh, uh, object.


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[Assistant] So we're stressing different syllables. Insult, insult. Nothing changes in this word. The only thing that changes is the stress on which syllable. Insult noun, insult verb.


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[Assistant] Increase and increase. Increase and increase. Make sure you're giving emphasis to the syllable you're stressing. Again, this is noun and verb. There has been an increase in people increasing their travel expenses. There has been an increase in people increasing their travel expenses.


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[Assistant] That's when the mistakes happen and most mistakes tend to come with syllable stress.


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[Assistant] So make sure you practice it, and if you ever hear words which sound similar, look to see if there are different stress patterns, different syllables being stressed. Usually this happens with two syllable words, and that's what we've been looking at today, but sometimes it will happen in bigger words, you just have to be careful. Now there's a whole section in my course about


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[Assistant] Hey, now can I ask you something? What did you do after you got away from the lab?


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[Assistant] You're asking me a question and we're in the middle of the season. I'm not going.


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[Assistant] That's right, I said it. I'm gonna compare him to everybody. Time Landry, Bill Belichick. All those guys started slow and then Sean Payton started it. That's right, I'm going all the way out. I'm gonna compare him to everybody. Nick Saban, Jim Harbaugh.


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[Assistant] And Q, you don't need to hear it, that's players only.


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[Assistant] And I'm telling you, now we're gonna, I let it slip just a little bit.


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[Assistant] Uh, you know, you know, well, we see more than what you see, you see. Um, you know, even though you don't see everything.


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[Assistant] If you don't show up in court, then you lose your children.


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[Assistant] I actually, I think, like, guys crying is actually cool. Like, it's just, it's letting out, you know, emotions that you need to let out. Everybody cries. Cry, dude. Cry right now. What, you're putting me on the spot? You want me to cry? Yeah, cry right now. About what? You cry? You cry?


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[Assistant] Were I being objective? Which I was in no mood to be.


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[Assistant] Compared to the sites of mechanized mass warfare I had come from, the small pitched battles I had seen,


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[Assistant] A few men armed with swords and muskets seemed picturesque rather than threatening to me. I was having trouble with the scale of things.


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[Assistant] A man killed with a musket was just as dead as one killed with a mortar. It was just that the mortar killed him personally, destroying dozens of men, while the musket was fired by one man who could see the eyes of the one he killed. That made it murder, it seemed to me, not war. How many men to make a war?


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[Assistant] Enough, perhaps, so they didn't really have to see each other. And yet, this plainly was war. Or serious business, at least, to Dougal, Jamie, Rupert, and Ned.


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[Assistant] Even little rat-faced murder had a reason for violence beyond his natural inclinations. And what about those reasons?


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[Assistant] One king rather than another. Hanover's and Stuart's.


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[Assistant] To me, these were still no more than names on a chart on the schoolroom wall.


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[Assistant] What were they compared with an unthinkable evil like Hitler's Reich?


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[Assistant] It made a difference to those who lived under the kings, I supposed, though the differences might seem trivial to me. Still,


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[Assistant] When had the right to live as one wished ever been considered trivial?


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[Assistant] Was a struggle to choose one's own destiny less worthwhile than the necessity to stop a great evil. I shifted irritably, gingerly rubbing my sore bottom. I glared at Jamie, curled into a ball by the door. He was breathing evenly, but lightly. Perhaps he couldn't sleep either. I hoped not.


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[Assistant] I had been inclined at first to take this whole remarkable misadventure as melodrama. Such things just didn't happen in real life. I had had many shocks since I stepped through the rock, but the worst to date had been this afternoon. Jack Randall, so like and so horribly unlike Frank.


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[Assistant] His touch on my breasts has suddenly forged a link between my old life and this one.


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[Assistant] Bringing my separate realities together with a bang like a thunder clap. And then there was Jamie.


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[Assistant] His face stark with fear in the window of Randall's room, contorted with rage by the roadside, tight with pain at my insults. Jamie. Jamie was real, all right. More real than anything had ever been to me. Even Frank and my life in 1945. Jamie. Tender lover and perfidious blackguard. Perhaps that was part of the problem.