[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for lambda large enough, actually computing this co-stock, so computing humps out of the standard object is the same as computing humps from the standard object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, uh, convolve with this element c, or the costop is already zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And because this C has a filtration by, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is a bit, is more general, namely if we have a sheath F in our category d hat, some perverse sheath. Uh, well, or not perverse, any sheath F.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there is somehow a finite set S where all the relevant post-docs could be, and when I, uh, convolve with some Wakimoto sheep, this just translates this, this, uh, S around, uh, the space of alphos. Um, and because the minimal representatives of, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is exactly the lambda that I'm going to use. Something such that, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And why have I done this? Why do I want to try to write the costox in terms of some HOMS from XI? And the reason to do this is because, eh, like maybe, let me see, the space, if you recall, eh, convolving with XI,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] F is the same as Iwafuri-Wittaker averaging F and then averaging back. So, uh, by adjunction, computing this homomorphism,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, fact about this, a finite homological amplitude of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which goes back to the decategorified, uh, picture. So in the decategorified picture, the way we proved that this was a isomorphism of rings is we acted on some module.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Set that the action on the module agrees and then set that the action on the module is faithful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is literally the same thing that we're going to do in this case. So uhm, the first point is that the, the averaging, this averaging and averaging back is the same as


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] XI as convolving with XI and push forward, sorry, push forward and pull back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, is the same as, uh, averaging with, uh, the Steinberg, um, and it follows from, from this that actually.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two, the two action from this and the definition of the Iwakori-Wittaker equivalence that, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The usual action by convolution on g tilde and this action defined by, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, agree. So the two actions on this module, on the Iwafuri Whitaker module, agree. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By saying that the action on this antispherical module agreed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is to determine that all of these functors are representable in code. And so I'm just going to associate it as with the representing object. So that's the proper way of saying it, but. But concretely is that different from what I.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you, if you know, uh, where all these finite, uh, if you have...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and so you just, yeaah, if you start with something where you know that it's zero, uhm, in very negative, uh, perverse degree, then you know how far you need to, uhm, use these truncations to determine where the function goes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes. I should have liked to have children. One, two perhaps. But not by you. You would have made a very bad father.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I ate a perfectly reasonable dinner tonight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No. Do you want to divorce me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I just want to check that I understood this issue of going from perf to co. You're saying, is what you're saying that you approximate a coherent complex by its truncations and perfect resolution and then you send, uh, you define the functor by taking a moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, let's just say I discovered this functor from the perfect category. What's telling me that I actually should be trying to extend it to the coherent one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello and welcome to Overboard, Polygon's board game show. Today we're playing Herdmentality, a game that's all about restraining your individuality and joining in the group thing. For fun! Here's how it's played.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the start of a round, one player draws a card from the deck and reads a question aloud to the group.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It could be an open-ended question or a multiple-choice question. Each player, including the asker, writes down an answer, and then everyone simultaneously reveals what they wrote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If more than one player jotted down the same answer, then each of them receives one point. Unless the group is equally split down the middle, in which case no one gets any points. And if a player happens to have a completely unique answer among the group, they receive the dreaded pink cow and are barred from winning the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The cow will continue to move from person to person depending on who's the odd one out, but if more than one person has a unique answer, the pink cow stays put.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The round continues on until someone hits 8 points and wins the game. But there are no ties in herd mentality. If two or more players reach the goal on the same turn, then the number of points required to win increases by one, and the game continues on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's all you need to know to join the herd, so let's get a move on and start the game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, no, no, no, hold on, I will explain. Thursdays are usually just my longest day, and I thought about myself, and then as soon as I finished it, I completely forgot that this is Valk Group thing, and I'm sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I'm just gonna say this right now, didn't say have to close around it, it's just in your mouth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like a head on an alligator? No, no, no. Like I think it's sort of like Minotaur-ish, but it's just like- Oh, interesting. Okay. Great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you know, I've gone through a lot. I've gone through a lot trying to get a platinum medal on Wii Sports. I don't think I've gotten a single platinum medal on anything. I'm hoping to change that today by getting a platinum medal in...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something. As you know, there is the hardest platinum medal on Wii Sports, which is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm looking through this, trying to find what looks the easiest. Nothing really looks terribly easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I, I, I have a little suspicion on platinum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On power throws on bowling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A belief here. When I say easiest for me, I mean, I'm special, right? I'm, I'm different. I've already asked the person, Murrah, who has the world record at getting all these Platinums. He got every Platinum in every freaking sport. So that's all three, four, wait, no, three, six, nine, 12.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 17? No. 15. Oh my. All 15 platinum medals in under an hour, like 51 minutes. He got every platinum. And what he said was the easiest was


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hitting the bag, punching the bag on boxing, but I found that difficult. So you know, I'm, I'm not the average case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's probably why. I would think that's incredibly easy to get a strike. And I would think you need to get a strike there. In order to get this platinum on power throws, you need 700 points.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Man, I'm really good at not getting a strike on the easiest one. Maybe I just need to do the bouncy strategy. No, that didn't work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, I finally did it! I wonder how many pins total there are though. Considering I need...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's not a strike. So there, I just sacrificed two pins. Yes, that is a rather humorous number.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You would think that one pin would manage to fall there or one more, but this doesn't seem very good. What do you need? Like a strike every time in order to get this one? Is that what it's going to end up being? I'm taking a different strategy since that strategy doesn't work either. This does not seem ideal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That seems like the perfect throw to me, to get a strike and it wasn't a strike. So... I think this one is going to be no bueno.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, something like that might be the strategy. So what does that put me at? 441, I didn't even- We are th-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How in the world are you supposed to get 700? We're 259 pins away from the platinum, yet I only missed like 15 pins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Explain that one to me. There must be a huge bonus if you get a strike. If you don't get a strike, you pretty much... You might as well just... Jerk off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, okay. You know what? I might just do that. That is not the easiest platinum. I would say that it's hard as shit. I didn't even get Abe metal. I didn't even get a bronze!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe tennis is the one I need to try. I don't even have the last one unlocked. Let's do this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I can unlock the last one. This is timing your swing. Platinum is 50 points. So we must have to hit it in Alisa's square. Well, that's a good start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that's, that's the end. I did it. I got zero points. Holy shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, woah, I beat the high score. But you're gonna make it so I never get a fucking platinum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Come on, shit boss. Do something productive here. Oh boy. Okay. Nope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, these are the easy ones. It starts shrinking. Oh yeah, there we go. Awww. What's even a brawn?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are so shit at the game! I don't understand what's so challenging about this. I don't understand why Beatbox wants to just quank it. Far left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh boy. Now we got past five. Oof.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suck my tits. I gotta practically hit it from six miles behind me in order to start getting it that far right. This one feels hard as hell. And I've felt some hard things in my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was not getting it over the net in my control.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow! Yeah, yeah, that's great! That's a great wow, isn't it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wanna see something else that's gonna make you go wild? Watch me stick this frickin' Wii Remote six inches up my ass!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, jesus louisius, alright. This isn't it. This is not the, this is not the platinum medal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe target practice is the platinum medal. 40 is the platinum on this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This one's great! This one's a lot easier!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've taken shits where it feels like I'm having a baby, and I thought, wow, that's a lot of pain. This is more painful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Returning balls is 80 points. It is simply returning the ball 80 times. That gives an indication.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, I just set up a new TV here too and it is, oh man. I am so ready to let go of my Wii remote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That is inexcusable. Inexcusable that clearly was not my fault. I swung at the right time and Beatbox just does a little sh- a little trip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just chucked that Wii remote out the window. I'm in absolute disbelief. DIS-BELIEF.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's unexplainable phenomena right now as to what is happening, why this is going so terribly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just sitting here playing the motherfucking Wii trying to have a good time and this game has it out to make sure I have the worst time of my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's do baseball instead. What about swing control? Swing control, platinum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is 65 points. I did not say back, I said A, start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right in the middle. Perfect. An accuracy based game. This is not gonna go well. What did we learn about my accuracy today? First one is a foul ball. Can't even hit it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Am I in my, I just shouldn't say that, I know I'm not. Is my, I'm playing my Wii on my Wii U. Is there some latency or something going on today? Is the weather, it's cloudy out? Is it, is it affecting how, how quickly you pick up my, uh, my swing? Because it feels like it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, that's actually not that bad. You know? That's still better than I thought it would be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pause, pause for a second here. That was pretty dog shit and it was still alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How in the flying fudge did that go flying right? Like hard right? How does, how do we even make that much contact with the ball and it goes dead nuts right? We don't get it against Abby, I don't know who we're gonna get it against.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This seems like absolute horseshit. If you're-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My fucking shoulder. I've gotten weaker. I can't, I cannot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I tried, I tried really hard to snap this thing in half, but it would not snap in half.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not playing by the way, dipshit. So stop throwing the ball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I just don't think the world would even, the laws of the world would not let that happen. That that contact with the ball would somehow make it go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 650. I was 11 feet short of the platinum. This is the closest I've ever been to a platinum. 10 homers in 5639 feet. The only thing I missed is 11 feet. I was 11 feet short of the platinum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh wow, wow, suddenly, suddenly that is, is a great home run out of the park.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, okay. By the hairs of my ass, it was a foul ball. Thanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hate sidearm throwers. They should be illegal. They should just be. Honestly, they should just be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell me, tell me why. Ain't nothin' but a heartache.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me spoil the surprise on that one. It's not gonna make it. We need to play something else. We are getting further and further from God every time we play this. I don't want to play boxing. Boxing makes me work too hard. So that means we pretty much spin control. Spin control is something we haven't done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, you suck. How many stages was that? Like 10? 11. Eh, 9 away isn't terrible actually. Uh oh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you get impatient, so you do, you do the lazy way, which is do as little maneuvering as possible and throw the fucking ball.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you lose a life on the second stage, meaning you gotta go all back, all the way back to stage one, meaning that your time-saving strategy really didn't work, cause now we're just spending more time on the restarting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what did we learn today? Patience is a virtue. And guess what I have zero of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What a disaster. How do I know that's gonna happen? Even though, even though I did not throw it like that, I know it's gonna happen when it gives me that kind of result. Hey, I'm trying to throw it straight, not curved. Did I rotate my remote? No. No. No. So why did you do it? Why'd you start going left? But you do, and I know, I know you're a f-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bullshit or full of shit, the second I see you, let the ball- the way you make the ball-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You love, you love to just do, you do what I don't want you to do, do when I, you, you, you do what I don't want you to do when I, you do what I don't want you to do, fuck you. That's what I think. You're a bitch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That has to be ten times harder than actually hitting the pin. Managing to go between that gutter and that pin without touching the pin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I dunno, I'm willing to try anything. I think all the golf ones are considered hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, oh I actually got 8 points, that's actually 2 away. Oh wait, no mistakes. 10 stages with no mistakes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh jesus louises. Why don't you hit it with your- no. I won't try again. How about that? Cause the only way you get a platinum is not making a mistake. Okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that almost worked. Honestly, here, I don't think it's an issue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, we absolutely crapped ourselves at seven, or eight. That was the eight hole.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think this is, I think this is, I think we need a nice calm collected ending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'm, I'm very disappointed. I am very disappointed with how today went.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've seen that it is really, really nice to have an invertible matrix. Because if you have that A is invertible, any linear system AX equal to a B for any constant B,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is gonna be having a unique solution to it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We also know how to compute the inverse to the matrix A. In the 2x2 case, there's a little formula for it. In the nxn general case, we had this methodology involving row operations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, unfortunately this is not as nice a situation in the sense that we're not guaranteed unique solutions, but it's gonna be a very critical part of our analysis to decide whether or not we've got an invertible matrix and get the unique solutions or whether we don't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in this video we're going to talk about a few different ways whereby you might not have an invertible matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first of them, the sort of easiest just to glance at and get an answer, is whether your matrix A is square.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you might recall here that to be an invertible matrix, we require the condition that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A multiplied by A inverse is the same thing as the other way around, A inverse multiplied by A, but either way, the identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this imposes the condition that for matrix multiplication to be defined if you've got the product of two matrices, those, those inner numbers on the dimensions need to match.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you flip them around, the inner dimensions need to match again, but those are just the outer dimensions. And so what you really get is that it has to be a square matrix. So that's our first condition. Cannot possibly be invertible if it's not square. Next up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the 2x2 case, we hit this really nice theorem, right? It said that if you've got the 2x2, it's inverse is just this. However, because of the...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] AD minus BC on the bottom here? Your formula might not always work. It might be that you have a division by zero problem. And indeed, we're going to get that invertibility.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is going to be equivalent, as in it's an if and only if.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Minus the BC is not gonna be equal to zero. By the way, now that you know the general method for finding the inverses, you could try to do row operations on the ABCD matrix, and you'd be able to derive this particular formula.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what we really want to know is the, is the if and only if part. We, we want to know that doing our methodology to get the inverse is if we can't do that methodology that we don't have it being invertible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so let's, let's look into the bigger case next. You might recall that our method was this. You started with the matrix A.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then your A matrix, the hope is that that transforms into the identity matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the identity matrix is gonna transform into a inverse. So that was sort of our loose methodology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, I want you to note that when we did this video, we had demonstrated that indeed,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it is the case that your A goes to the identity matrix, then you can just get your A inverse by looking over here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what I want to show now is the other way around. Is that, what happens if this is not the case? If I can't go to the identity matrix? I claim it's not going to be invertible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or in other words, I'm gonna say that if it's invertible, it has to go to the identity matrix. Okay, so let's try to look at that. We want to begin with the assumption.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, this meant a couple different things, but one of the things it meant is that if I take a system like ax equal to, and I'm gonna leave a space here, ax equal to b,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, what I could do is I could multiply by A inverse on both sides. It's invertible by assumptions, so I have my A inverse. The A inverse times A becomes the identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The identity on X is just X. So this is gonna become the vector X is A inverse times B. And here's the key point. This is my unique solution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We saw, back in the day, the big theorem, and the big theorem had a lot of different ways to relate different ideas when it came to matrices, and one of the ideas was


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A unique solution corresponded to something about the ReF form of your matrix. In particular, it said this. If you have a unique solution to Ax equal to b, then...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It must be the case that you have a leading one in every single column.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or in other words, you can't have any free columns, cause free columns say if there's a solution there's infinitely many of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, in other words, the REF, I'm just going to REF, not the reduced row echelon form right now. Just the REF has a leading one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have no free columns that would give me infinitely many solutions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's the same number of columns as there are rows. So if there's a leading one in every single column, there's also a leading one in every single row. And that's because it's gonna be square.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which gives us the same number of rows as columns. Then we're going to have a leading one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright. Now, I'm gonna give just sort of a representative example of this, okay, so I've got a matrix that looks like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe it's gonna be 4x4 in my example, but we could do more if we wanted to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm saying that in every single row and every single column there's a leading one, so I think it has to look like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is a leading one in every single row in every single column, zeros beneath it, and then, you know, who knows what's going to be up in the top right hand side. We don't care about that in the REF. So this is an example of an REF.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where I've got a leading one in every single row, in every single column. It has to be exactly down that staircase. There's no like sort of misjagged ones. Every single diagonal element has a leading one because it's square.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, that was just for REF. What about reduced row echelon form? And the way that worked is that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's take away all of this stuff up here, because that's what the reduced part does. It says how do we fill in the upper right part of my, uh, matrix. And what we do is above the one, we're gonna put a zero. Above the ones, we're gonna put zeros. Above the ones, we're gonna put zeros.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In other words, what we have here is just the identity matrix, and I'll put i sub 4 for the 4x4 identity matrix, but generally it's gonna be the nxn identity matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I think what we have concluded out of this is that in


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The A is just gonna go to the identity matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's what we had set out to demonstrate. We wanted to know that if the A is going to be invertible, it must be the case that it goes to the identity matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, knowing that it must go the identity matrix, by the previous analysis, it sends this appended I to the A inverse that I have. So, my final conclusion is A is invertible,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If and only if its reduced row echelon form is the identity matrix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Relationships like this are going to be very common in our course. Indeed, invertibility is such an important condition that we're going to consistently try to relate that condition to just about everything else that we're going to experience in the course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know where John Palmer is. The man who killed Sam Selma?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't, I can't tell you that. Look, I'm not a crank, it's the truth!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think it wouldn't be a good idea if you told anybody about what he said. I mean, there's no point in spreading the stories around for him, is there?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Proof? No one dares testify against Cutler. We sent men down there to find witnesses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're a pirate and a thief, but it's a deal. Bear a hand there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll put you back on the quarter deck of a ship. You take it to the Gold Coast. Load it with black ivory. In two years, you'll own your own ship. In ten, you'll own a fleet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why were you waiting beside the reef that sank the Southern Cross?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who have fought over her as dogs fight over a bone. Your honor, I object to this outrageous sustain. Didn't you play these men one against the other, encouraging each in turn?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I challenge Mr. Tolliver himself to dive to that sunken hull. To bring up the proof he claims is there. Mr. Cutler, such a dive is impossible. If murder has been done, this court must know it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is Jocko Podcast number 240 with Echo Charles and me, Jocko Willink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave Burke. Good evening Dave. Good evening. Alright, last podcast. Which was podcast 239. In case you couldn't subtract one from 240. And I suppose we should give out some kind of shout out to the 240 Gulf. I don't know why, but we should. Shout out to all you machine gunners out there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, that, that ran that 240 Golf. Last podcast, 239, we covered the first


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, to be honest, when I got done with that one, I said, yeah, that's cool, but there's more of them. And I kind of thought to myself, you know, well,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Section one which is called leadership and you just get you just restart reading it and before I knew it I couldn't stop and there's more lessons more perspectives more angles some more knowledge to make us better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I was really coming at this one, uhm, I was really thinking about life a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All aspects of life, and I think it's the opening of this that gave me that sort of mindset going through it. I was thinking about life, the parallels are everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, let's, let's go to the book, and I think Dave, coming out of the gate, you're gonna realize where, why I got so sucked into this thing, just out of the gate. So the first section, like I said, is called Leadership. And then, and then the first subsection is Leaders vs. Inertia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was already, I was, you had me at inertia as they say. Lieutenant Colonel R.E. O'Brien, Cavalry Observer with the 5th Army in Italy. Here's what he says.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In spite of the fact that I observed many interesting things in practice,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the practice of tactics and technique, still the one lesson that stands out in my mind above all others is the one that is so well known by military men,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That it's statement here amounts to a little more than a platitude. I mention it however because it had such a profound effect upon me. That lesson is the importance of and need for adequate leadership.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So cool. I got through that fine. I wasn't quite there yet. And then I read this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The effect on most men of the impact of battle


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A determined effort must be exerted to accomplish even simple tasks, and men are likely to neglect duties which they know must be performed. So think about that. Right, right out of the gate, right there. The effect of men in battle is that you're gonna wanna do nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And again, this is why I was talking about how this started making me think about life a lot. Think about that when it comes to life. How many people are just drawn towards the easy path, not doing what you're supposed to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's, that's the difference between success and failure in life, by the way. Did you guys say in the Marine Corps, why


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why stand if you can sit? Why sit if you can lay down? Did you guys say that in the Marine Corps? Similar. What'd you guys say?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, or it's the, you're fighting to keep it going, keep the inertia moving.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He says, there is no force other than a driving leadership to overcome this inertia. Yeaah, so he talks about inertia as this static being not moving. This tendency to carelessness and to infuse a determination to succeed in the minds of the individual men.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When this spark of leadership is present, the individual knows that others feel it too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That the hardest job they will have here is getting things done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My men know their weapons and tactics thoroughly. My effort is simply to require them to do the things they know must be done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dispatching patrols, seeking a field of fire, retaining their equipment, and making sure that it is in working order. You have to check all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I believe it was Patton that said 90% of your job as a leader is making sure that the orders get executed. Making sure that the things actually get done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that opening right there is what kind of made me just say we need to talk about this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's applicable so directly to us as human beings. And, you know, I always talk about the, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The gravitational pull, you ever seen the chart of the gravitational pull of when the space shuttle or something launches? I guess it's not the space shuttle, it's SpaceX.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They use whatever, some massive amount of their power is to get the first whatever mile up. That's where they use 50%. I don't know what the percentages are, but it's a massive percentage of the power is to break free of the gravitational pull of the earth. And once they're free of it, then once they're moving, they're okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're gonna get to this. There's definitely some things here and we're about to roll into them where it talks about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, so much reliance on the leadership and in certain situations you can see them leaning towards


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A micromanagement, you know, a, hey, if I don't make this happen, but in other parts of the, of this book, they start talking about how the way that you're going to win is through individual efforts and individual leadership. So you get into decentralized command a little bit later, but, but I think it's one of those dichotomies. I think it's one of those dichotomies. As a matter of fact, I know it's a dichotomy that sometimes


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The phrase I used to use a lot, and I used it a lot on this podcast, was force of will. Right? As a leader, I'm just gonna make this happen. There's gonna be a force of will, we are gonna win this thing, we're gonna go, I'm gonna make this happen. And that's what he's talking about here, this force of will that you have to exert to make things happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So right out of the gate we're talking leadership and discipline. I was, I was in there. The keys to success in combat. The key to success in combat. Commanding General.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In a personal letter to Lieutenant General McNair, I would like to mention a few things I consider important in getting any prospective units ready for duty in Southwest Pacific. The first of all requisites is discipline with a capital D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I refer to discipline in all its phases. Water discipline. Malaria discipline. Personal appearance. Military courtesy. The wearing of the uniform.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Personal and collective sanitation. Carrying out orders in general. Assumption and proper discharge of responsibility throughout the chain of command, etc.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's, that's one of those things where, you know, we're talking about imposed discipline in some ways there, right? You make sure your weapons are clean, make sure you're cleaning yourselves, make sure there's a whole list of things. Make sure you're drinking water, make sure you're cleaning your feet. Isn't that a weird one?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have you ever been in the water or in the bush long enough to get like, uh, really bad feet? No. I got-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got a minor case of trench foot. And when the guy who is my swim buddy during this particularly long SNR operation where we were a two man pair out there, just a training operation, but he got actual trench foot. He got, he went to medical and they're like, oh yes, you have trench foot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's weird that things like that, you know, when you see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Talk to guys about Vietnam. One of the main things that the officers would do is check guys' feet because they wouldn't check on themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So even something that seems so obvious, like you'd want to take care of your feet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People will not make that little extra effort. The inertia for them is to say, you know what, I'm just gonna go sleep with my boots on and they're wet and I'm not gonna dry out my feet. And by the way, you can sleep with your boots on. I did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We would, we would sleep with our boots on in the field, but we'd take our socks off, we'd unlace our boots so our feet are in there just kind of loose so they can kind of dry out a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hang your socks on a little tree or something nearby. But you don't want to get rolled up. Echo's looking puzzled. You don't want to get rolled up in the field without your boots on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] John McLean style. Basically naked. Oh yea, that's a movie. Die Hard. The first one. He runs on the glass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Khan, 77th field artillery in Italy. The great stress placed upon discipline and the chain of command is not an overemphasis and never can be. We have found again and again that the highest standards of discipline are absolutely necessary in and out of combat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very stringent discipline and we're talking about imposed discipline. I mean we are. Let's call it like it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some sort of, yeaah, obvious, uh, religious overtones too, of right, of like taking care of your men's feet, right? That's just a powerful thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next, the basis of good discipline. One of our problems has been to get junior officers and young NCOs sufficiently hard boiled to exact from their subordinates a meticulous obedience to every order.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We must ingrain in all ranks the realization that orders are not to be treated as suggestions, but as concrete facts calling for the utmost effort until they have been carried out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So many people seem to feel that orders which are inconvenient or unpopular are to be disregarded. And this is one of those things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hard for me to read this because we're always telling people, look, the military is not this thing where just someone barks orders at you and everyone just obeys. Which it's not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This state of mind is a disease and must be eliminated. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What, what this section says, or what this individual is saying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I don't know if this is the same guy talking because it's not broken out, but then it says this, then it says this on the other hand. So we got dichotomy and elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A very discreet way of saying, if you give me an order that's not consistent, not correct, and not capable of being carried out, I'm not gonna follow it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Master your job, Lieutenant General Walter Krueger.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Discipline and the leadership of small units are the things which require constant emphasis. The enlisted man or officer who does not follow instructions and orders implicitly during training or prior to reaching combat


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would be impossible to know everything that the sniper knows. It would be impossible to know everything that the radio man knows. It would be impossible to know everything that the point man knows. It would be impossible to know everything that the breacher knows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you need to understand them? Yes. Should you be able to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Set up that breaching charge and clack it off if you have to. Absolutely. Should you be able to pick up that radio and make comms if you have to?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where? It might take the radio man 4 seconds to do it. It might take you 3 minutes. Should you be able to know how to do it? Yes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At some point if you're worrying about the details of the little picture, you might be doing a disservice by


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thinking too much about the little picture and not enough about the big picture. So I think officers should start thinking about the big picture from day one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And understanding how things fit together. Now you can't get lost in that, but you gotta, you gotta start thinking about it early.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Otherwise your habit is just worrying about the little things. Your focus becomes looking down and in instead of up and out. So, little, that one's too strong for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I see this in companies too, you know, I've worked with companies where the CEO that got that company from whatever position, you know, got them to go public or got them perched or poised to go public.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As soon as they're going public, that guy's out of there. Or maybe even before they go public because this guy, he's good at making things happy, dynamic, but he's not polished, he's not clean, he can't brief up the chain of command well, he doesn't articulate himself at the next level. Because some people can flow from talking to a platoon,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like listen up, hey, this is what's going on. Like you're, you, you can be in that mode and you can walk, turn around and talk to give the general a brief on what the impact on the cultural moments or the civilian populace and all those things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people can do both, some people do one, some people do the other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's very interesting. It's very interesting because


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To feel great officer, even though you, you might be, you might be good at it, but you just don't have the, you just don't have it, you know, you just don't have it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think about that when you're working with, you know, when you, when you got people with subordinates that you're working with, you might have somebody that's not maybe the best tactical leader.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can they do the job? You know what I mean? Look, they might not be able to do, they might not be the best at it, but maybe they can get through that job and they can do a good job as, at the next level up. And some people, they might be incredible at,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting after it in the field and you can't let them brief. You can't let them brief the boss because they're gonna mess it up. So, so the good thing is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you're, if you're one of these humans out there, if you're one of these potential leaders,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think about where you are and think about modulating your personality depending, I can promise you, if you watched me debrief Aseel Platoon,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you watched me brief the secretary of the navy. Those two guys, like the Venn diagram overlap was pretty small.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you were just to take the words that I said, just a manuscript or whatever, transcript of what I said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The core things that I said, the, the, I wasn't saying anything different, I wasn't saying, I wasn't giving, uh, I wasn't lying to the big boss and I wasn't lying to the troops, but the, heh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The method of delivery was different, because it's talking to a different audience who understands things differently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A couple of these here. Trial by fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Child by Fire, there's, there's incredible stories inside these books, uhm, about what men do. And they're definitely worth, look, this is another one from, we read one from this last time, this is from the, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Battle of the Attu Island, which is those Aleutian Islands up in Alaska fighting the Japanese. This is a citation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The company led by Captain Thomas B. O'Donnell was thrown into confusion by the strafing of hostile airplanes while it was forming to attack under heavy enemy ground small arms fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During which he received a severe wound in the neck and shoulder and was evacuated three days later upon hearing that his company was again scheduled to make an attack. He insisted upon returning to the fight, although weak and suffering severe pain from his wounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He led his company in attacks on the enemy until five days later when he was mortally wounded while moving about in advanced positions encouraging his men.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the lessons that I taught specifically, I taught it to a bunch of people, but the first time I remember teaching it to someone was to, uh, was to Seth Stone, the Delta platoon commander, who, you know, when you're doing immediate action drills,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's, there's standard operating procedures and you follow, you follow those standard operating procedures and he would, you know, he would follow what the rules were.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if that meant that he was gonna, his next position that he was supposed to go to according to the standard operating procedures was behind a berm where he couldn't see anything, that's where he was going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know, I just said, hey man, why are you going there? You know, uh, cause this is where we're supposed to go. I said, can you see anything? No. Can you make a call? No. Can you, can you lead your men? No.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, move. Move around. Go see what you gotta see. You can move around. You can't break the SOPs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a difference, right? You can't break the SOPs, but you don't have to follow them perfectly. So there's a big difference. Breaking the SOPs means you get out of your lane and now you can get shot by friendly fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not following the SOPs means you're staying within the confines of the rules, but you're still moving around and telling people what to do. And you can imagine, this is a perfect example of what this whole thing started off with, which is, look, this guy, in order to get his troops to go, he had to personally get out there and, and,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, why would you risk your life to in- to in- that's what it says, encourage his men. Why would you risk your life to encourage your men? You know why? Because if you don't do that, your men aren't going anywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That, that is, those are the times when you have to lead from the front. You gotta make things happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Doubling in brass. And I have no idea. I don't know if there's some weird, uh, 1940s.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Idiom that I don't know about, but this, the title of this section is doubling in brass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Citation 37th division, New Georgia. While Private Blair F. Hertz was performing his duties with the maintenance section in the vicinity of the unit ration dump, they were attacked by Japs who had surrounded them. He grabbed a bar


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And advanced on a Jap machine gun that was delivering intense, accurate, and extremely effective fire into the dump. Private Hertz was able to silence this machine gun and then continue to aid aggressively in the defense of the position until reinforcements arrived.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just getting after it. Just in the rear, getting after it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, you know, what's too bad is, you know, in the Navy you have rates where you can tell what the guy's job was. This guy's just a private, but you know, his job was probably


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, while he says mate, his duties with the maintenance section. So this guy was changing oils and vehicles or something. And then all of a sudden he's grabbing a bar and just getting some. Here we go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A German light machine gunner asked an interrogator whether Americans took stimulants to make them foolishly brave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When asked to explain what he meant, he stated that he and an assistant gunner were in position with a good field of fire one afternoon when a group of American soldiers was observed approaching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He fired several short bursts and began preparation to displace to the rear when he saw the American soldiers rise to full height and start charging toward his position over a hundred yards away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He reloaded his gun and opened fire, killing 11 men.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He then withdrew because he was sure the charge was made to conceal an envelopment, but none was made.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unit commanders found it necessary to direct their men to make full use of concealment and covered approach. Continued emphasis on the necessity for dispersion and the use of covering concealment is essential.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is what we don't want to have happen. We don't want people to be so brave that you charge over an open area a machine gun nest. And the comment here


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Says, in the interest of efficiency, bravery must be supplemented by brain work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dead heroes are of little further use to their units. Aggressive fighting men, trained to apply the most efficient technique to combat problems, willing to accept any necessary risks, and conscientiously avoiding unnecessary risks, are the backbone of the army.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gotta be brave, but you gotta be smart. There's the dichotomy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Combat in towns as major campaigns develop in Western Europe, combat in towns assumes increasing importance. Cities, towns, and villages control the established road nets which must be open for the movement of guns. Heavy equipment and supplies necessary to support the advance of infantry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Combat in towns will often be the key not only to our successful advance but to successful defensive actions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cut the retreat and move in with patrols. In this hilly country, however, we have found that where there is any high ground behind the town, which dominates both the town and the line of retreat, the best way is to work the entire force around the town undercover.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Seize the high ground in the rear and firmly establish ourselves with 60mm mortars on that dominating high ground. We take enough food and ammunition to last us 24 hours and the Germans usually pull out during this time. From our position we can prevent reinforcement and inflict heavy losses on them during their withdrawal. So we're flanking people and we're taking high ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lieutenant Colonel L.G. Freeman, Parachute Infantry Battalion Commander in Italy. We learned at Alta Via.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To avoid the direct attack of towns. It's too costly. We now work around to the rear with a large force and seize the dominating ground in the rear. We did this at Calo, Machia, Fornelli, and several other places, the names of which I've forgotten.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I like it when you're just forgetting major battles that you've had. It worked every time. Get yourself within 60 millimeter more range of the town on dominating terrain in or near it. The Germans won't stay in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The fact that the Germans have been known to withdraw without a fight from towns in the rear, of which we hold dominating terrain, does not necessarily mean that such will invariably be the rule.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, this possibility, plus the fact that Caesar of such high ground will greatly facilitate any subsequent attack on the town, proper suggests that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Commanders should give serious consideration to these tactics where the terrain permits. It also should be remembered that if such high ground is held by the enemy our attack on the town proper will invariably be costly and the town itself untenable. That's how important high ground is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The following considerations should be borne in mind. One, reduced observation and limited fields of fire in place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of heavier stress on close combat, so you are gonna get some. Two, controlling of attacking troops will be difficult.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And much depends on individual initiative and aggressiveness of small unit leaders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there you go. We opened up talking about how you better follow all these orders and now we're on page eight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're talking about, hey, you know what? It depends on the initiative of initiative and aggressiveness of small unit leaders making things happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why are we even attacking this position? If we don't have to, roll around it. Imagine if you made that part of your everyday sort of scheme of maneuver.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can beat my head against this wall or I can walk around it. That seems like a good idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I get triggered. I took some heat off of it by saying it seems like that would be a good thing to do in part of your everyday plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then it gets to a point where it starts just telling the comments about the story. So I'm not gonna dump into the story or not gonna go deep into the story here, but just some of the comments here about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The defense of a town. The defense of a town must be prepared to meet the methods of attack which may be employed by the enemy. Since this must include the possibility of flanking attacks and encirclement it follows that an all around defense must be the rule.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The following points not covered in the experience quoted above, which is the one that I didn't read, which is why you should read these things yourself, should be borne in mind in planning the defense of a town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To, to read this, and it's something that we talked about the other day on EF online, and I don't know if you were, if you were, were you on the call when I talked about don't give away your position?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A whole explanation of not giving away your position and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's weird, it's a weird thing to talk about because it seems real sneaky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But here's the deal, if you have an idea Dave, and I have my own idea,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I just put my stake in the ground and say, my idea is this, I'm giving away my position. Now if we were gonna go attack an enemy outpost, I would do everything I possibly could to avoid giving away my position. Because once I give away my position, well now you know where to attack me on. So what I would rather do,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is listen to what you have to say. Here, let me understand what your position is. Because then it allows me to maneuver and change my position.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also, if you're an offensive person, and your ego's out of control, as soon as you see my position, guess what you're gonna do? Attack it. So I gave you my position, now you're gonna attack it, now what do I do then? Dig in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So why am I giving away my position when I'm having a conversation? And this is, it's one of those things, it sounds so manipulative, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But then I took it a little bit further on EF Online. I said, this is the facts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not rolling in there thinking that I know


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything. I'm thinking, I may have some ideas that you might be able to calculate and estimate, approximate where I am, but I'm not gonna go in there and say, Dave, I believe this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's because I actually question my own beliefs. I actually am not looking at you thinking, I know the best thing to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got some ideas, but you can't lock down my position because I'm not gonna stay there. I'm not digging in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, the idea of not giving away your position, you don't give it away not because you're hiding it, it's because you truly don't know. You don't lock yourself into it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, what's the chances of them giving you great feedback? Being transparent. Yeaah. Yeaah. How does that encourage transparency from the troops? Answer, it doesn't. Well, and if it does, hey Dave, that sounds like a great idea. I fully support your idea. You're so smart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is the last thing you want as a leader. To be told how smart you are by your subordinates. You want to be told, hey, I don't agree with you. Oh great. Tell me why.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Form salience by organizing outlying buildings to cover perimeter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's like a little projection that's sticking out of the battle line. So you, in order to get a little better cover, you can, you can take an outlying building and you can set up a kind of a fort there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's like a clear point, which is the other, it's the same thing, right? A clear point. Well here I am making this, it's like a projection, it's a point, something that sticks out. Like, oh that was a salient point. Meaning, oh yeah, that was a good point, I understand what you said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We built a salient out there. Oh, it's a little point where we've got a solid coverage. Kinda like monolithic. Kinda the same deal. Yeah, I guess kinda, kinda the same deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And also help people realize that there are multiple versions of the same words in the world. Yes, it's true. I'm a jerk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In addition to a central reserve within the town, provide if possible for a concealed mobile reserve, preferably strong in armor, to be held outside the town to counter enemy flanking maneuver. And once again, what is the root of that right there? Don't give away your position. The root of it is, hey, hide this element. Which is smart. Keep it mobile.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wherever adjacent terrain features dominate the town, they should be secured. Obviously, this use of high ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe key to successful defense. That's funny. They say dominant terrain and then they just call it high ground.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Within the town, the construction of street obstacles or barricades to impede enemy movements and the organization of groups of buildings into strong points should be carried out as extensively as time available will permit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So don't stick a town out there on its own. Don't stick anyone out there on their own. Unless the terrain allows it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Battalion attack happens, and then the way it gets debriefed is all very interesting, so I'm gonna burn through this real quick. Mission, this is a battalion attack in Italy. Mission, Lieutenant Colonel Earl Taylor, infantry battalion commander in Italy. On October, on 11 October,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My battalion was ordered to make a night march, pass through the second battalion, which was about three miles east of the Italian town of Guardia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] North of the Kalor River and sees the high ground in the vicinity of Gordia. We were then to continue the advance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Contact. As we approach Guardia, our leading company made contact with the enemy at A, and there's a sketch that they go through this. It enveloped with one platoon, but stopped by heavy machine gun and direct 88mm fire from points E, F, and D.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And was unable to advance. I immediately moved to the high ground, so basically they get into a big gunfight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they can't, they can't move forward. And here's, here's what I like. I immediately move to the high ground 200 yards north where I could observe the enemy position.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, so right now we have Observe happening. Getting on the high ground. Love that. Observe. What's he doing? Why is he observing? Well, cause he's gotta figure out what to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now he gets up in this observation position and he says the enemy had all of the high ground to the front and I could see it would be impossible to advance frontally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what does that mean? Now he's orienting himself to the situation. Oh, the enemy's got all this high ground up here. I can't advance friendly. So then what's he do? So I decided.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make a double envelopment sending company I over the hill to the right and company K on a wide left envelopment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Contact was to be maintained visually. So there's the action. It's actually happening. So he goes through the OODA loop in like four sentences, which is totally legit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Base of Fire 5 tanks were available for the attack, realizing that the tanks could not move down the road to Guardia, which is the only tank approach due to the streams and high mountains. And because the enemy had 88's and armored cars at F, I decided to emplace the tanks along with my 8 heavy machine guns and 6 81mm mortars as shown in the sketch. Results. The attack was successful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By order of the tanks and other supporting weapons open fire 5 minutes before company L started its advance. That is called cover and move. We got tanks and supporting weapons firing and then company L starts their move after 5 minutes. 15 prisoners were captured, 25 enemy killed, our casualties were approximately 10 killed and 15 wounded. Which, when you think about the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assault on a, you know, in an urban environment, you're going to take some casualties and those are certainly some casualties, but those are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not as bad as you might imagine going into a city when you consider the fact that if you don't know anything about urban combat, one enemy


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With a machine gun can kill dozens and dozens of troops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The enemy strength, as determined from prisoners, was two rifle companies, each reinforced, supported by tanks, armored cars, and 88s along the road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once the attack is started, the basic plan cannot be changed. It must succeed. That's an interesting statement. And the word that I underlined was basic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That one word makes a big difference. When you start thinking about what they're doing, you've got, what is it, eight heavy machine guns and those guys are doing a fire, a fire mission on this town for five minutes before you enter the town. That's coordination. You can't start thinking, well, you know, I think I'm going to go early or whatever it is. Your basic plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You gotta stick with that basic plan. This is something that I lived by.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I, if it was possible to stick with the basic plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was sticking with the basic plan. Like, it would have to be something really- Now we would have a contingency plan, hey, but if I could avoid using the contingency plan,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would stick with the basic plan that we rehearsed and we would rehearse the contingency too, but people expect what they're going to be doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If, you know, if the three of us were gonna go and take down a building, and we say, okay, here's the way it's gonna go. Once we get to the front door, Echo, you're gonna open the door. Dave, you're gonna go left. I'm gonna go right. And then, Echo, you're gonna go left. And we go, okay. And we rehearse that ten times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I promise you that as we approach that building, there's going to be a civilian in the front yard that Echo's going to have to deal with and all of a sudden that whole plan's out the window.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you can't go to that level of detail and you definitely need to have flexibility there. But the basic plan of hey, we're going to approach the building.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Estimating the situation in planning should be emphasized in training. Comment, and this is what I found this interesting too. This account is a good example of fire and movement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the battalion, I have no idea. I guess, I guess I got it from Roger Hayden. Why, why I used the term cover move instead of fire movement because of the same thing. But I.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same thing, cover move and fire movement are the same thing. This account, at least as far as I know, am I missing something?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, it should be pointed out that a double envelopment is a rather ambitious scheme of maneuver for a single battalion and should be used with caution. And I loved seeing that because what you're talking about echo Charles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're talking about a double-envelopment, you're basically surrounding a target.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It works when nothing goes wrong. It works when the enemy doesn't start shooting. It works if you have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the positive side, it works if you have a terrain feature that prevents friendly fire, which is possible. You can have a, you know, a ravine that allows you to be in a certain position. But when you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you do these battalion sized operations, you're actually getting out of the, you should be moving outside the range of your own weapons, which is what the goal is, right? You know, we're really far away and, and as long as we are shooting our weapons at the enemy, there's a very small chance that our weapons are going to hit our friendly forces. So be very careful about double envelopment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And same thing with going to an enemy's rear, like if you're gonna do that, well then you've gotta pay attention to how that's gonna work out. It is a lot harder than it looks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No mention is made of the constitution of a reserve force. Such a reserve must be retained under the control of the commander to enable to counter unforeseen enemy reaction. As the attack progresses, troops committed to a plan of action cannot be considered as available for this purpose. The division of the battalion into


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Into approximately three equal attack forces is open to criticism. But it worked in this case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A schema maneuver should include a determiner, determination of the direction of the main effort and the preponderance of the force should be available to support this effort.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here's an interesting story. So, one of the great tactical lessons learned of my life, which I learned in training, when you, so we would set up


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Watching a young junior officer, I was in training at SEAL Team 1, and he, he said, okay, what we're gonna do is for our base element that's gonna do all the shooting at the target area, what we're gonna do is we're gonna take our machine gunners from the other, from the assault element who has to move


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna move the machine gunners into the base element. We're gonna take some of the riflemen and put them in the assault element so they can move easier and they can get through the target. And I said, I was thinking to myself, that's pretty smart. Smart guy's gonna get a really strong base element.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vietnam vet said what are you doing? He said well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the, the Master Chief in one question said, what happens if the assault element gets compromised on the way in?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the thing, the other lesson that I learned from that was that what you really get to do, the other benefit, which I actually would say is an even bigger benefit, is we have unit integrity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which I love unit integrity. That squad or that platoon is always working together. The machine gunners are there. They can break off, they can assault things, they can do, they can do all kinds of things. Where when you pull those machine gunners out, they're not, they, they're way less capable. So apply that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To your business, to your team. How do we keep the teams together? How do we keep the teams together


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Setting up little specialty moments is a risky call.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Factors contributing to the success in this attack were prompt estimate of the situation by the commander, including a study of the terrain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Based on personal reconnaissance, development of a definite plan, a maneuver based on the seizure of key terrain, and outflanking enemy positions, detailed planning of specific orders, utilization of maximum firepower where available, maintenance of control over the elements.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interspersed with frequent farmhouses, many stone walls 6 to 8 feet in height, and numerous sunken roads. Field of fire was greatly restricted. Average observation was only 50 to 100 yards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Enemy delaying groups with machine guns were widely scattered and impossible to locate until arrival within a hundred yards or less.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was found necessary to place heavy weapons out in the front line or very close up to avoid hitting our troops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After encountering hostile fire it was found very effective to spray the entire woods ahead with a massive concentration of mortar and machine gun fire for about one minute followed by a rapid advance of rifle platoons under


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assault fire to cover all the trees and house windows where snipers might be hiding. In each case, Germans pulled out rapidly, leaving weapons and ammunition behind, although we had been unable to locate them previously. However, the tendency of troops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is to wait for definitely located targets before they will open fire. Which results in allowing very small groups of enemy to shift position frequently and keep up a demoralizing rate of machine gun fire to cause a great delay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The continuous rapid fire delivered by our heavy machine guns had a particularly demoralizing effect on the Germans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The remarks of this battalion commander emphasize the importance of barrage covering fire. The firepower of available weapons in this instance substituted for artillery barrage


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the principle remains the same, covered move. Losses will be minimized by following closely the massed fires of available weapons delivered in areas from which enemy fire is expected. I think the enemy might be there, I'm putting rounds into it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And isn't it interesting how that one dynamic, think about that lesson learned of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then that allows you to get the enemy's heads down because they are somewhere out there and you get their heads down and now you're maneuvering and when you're maneuvering they're not and now you win.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But can you imagine, that's a little bit off of our instinct, right? As a human, if you don't-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't, if you don't get trained that way, your instinct is not, hey, I'm just gonna shoot where I think there's bad guys. I'm gonna shoot in that little dark corner over there. I'm gonna shoot in that window over there. I'm gonna shoot near that stone wall over there. You haven't seen one enemy, but that's where you're shooting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now you have a whole company of soldiers doing that. That's a lot of firepower going down range and it allows you to move. Cause somewhere in one of those positions there was enemy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it also talks about the importance of speed, which is the next note. Regimental commander.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Infantry Sicily. I believe that the individual soldier now realizes that a relentless steady advance saves casualties.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that he is now imbued with the knowledge of the importance of speed. Every man in this regiment is firmly convinced that the speed of our recent operations saved us from huge losses. Down to the lowest private, the feeling exists that we would still be at Kanesadi if we had not pushed the enemy off balance and kept him that way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, how often are we sitting there waiting for the perfect plan, the perfect whatever and what we should be doing in this movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, you wanna just bring this down to working out, Echo Charles, since that seems to be your main, you know, topic for the day. Yeah, cool, yeah. So, let's look at two options. One.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go and research on the internet, you know, what the max time under load I need to do for this particular workout, right? Time under load.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but there are some, some positive things to just going and keeping moving and firing where you think it might. Hey, I don't know about the, the, the, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas you could just say, hey, let's face it, go do some curls, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, freaking lay down fire. That's, that's the way you wake up in the morning. You wake up in the morning saying, I'm gonna put down fire. That's what I'm gonna do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was talking about this on EF Online the other day. I've been doing this lately in my head. So, and I haven't quite figured out what this means, but I know it's been very functional.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That reaction of just not doing the bad thing isn't strong enough. I've actually been trying to do something good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not only am I not gonna eat the donut, I'm actually gonna go and do 20 burpees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To crush. That weakness, precedent. That weakness that's wanting to grab. It just, it's like, it's like, you know, if I says, hey, echo, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Heco, you, you know, you, you wanna, you wanna come by my house and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And grill up some steaks. And let's say you don't really feel like doing it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so you're like, well, you know what I mean? I'm gonna pressure you. But if you're like negative, I'm already doing something. I'm like, okay, that's case closed, right? Case closed, you already won.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or 200 now. Just for thinking that, you know? Oh yea. You're going hard on weakness. Yes. That's a positive thing. I think you're right. I'm gonna start, like this ties in for me. I'm gonna start laying down fire. Now I'm gonna start being even more proactive. I start seeing weakness, I'm laying down fire. I'm putting some mortar rounds on that stuff immediately.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, and I was like, hey, if you're gonna push a train, the first getting that thing to start moving is the hardest part. And you start pushing, you push, you push, and it-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eventually starts to move a little bit, and then you get to a point, if you keep pushing that thing, where you can actually like, grab onto the railing and hang on for a second, it's just gonna keep going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know what? I do not know if you're right and I do not know if you are wrong. I'm gonna just leave it hanging and people will let us know and we will get someone with a frying pan posting it and telling us, hey,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I actually think Echo is the premier example in the world, premier example in the world, in the entire world, of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exdivision, they don't name the division. In Italy, our troops


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When he saw American troops advancing, he would call for one or two rounds in their vicinity and observe the area where they congregated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't bunch it up. Leadership Strategy and Tactics talked about this from a leadership perspective. Let the leader lead. You don't need to jump in there and crowd the leader everyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen to what the boss has to say. If you want some suggestions, give it to him. Don't crowd.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was found that so long as Japs could keep us ducking from aimed fire, their position remained secure. But once the Jap was made to keep his head down and the Americans could get to his feet and attack, it was merely a matter of walking up to the position and tossing in grenades.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make this possible, require the coordination of fires down to and including the riflemen. It is important that commanders and leaders realize this, otherwise troops will remain down when it is not necessary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's so amazing. It's so amazing. Cover move, teamwork.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I just said teamwork and guess what the next section is called and I did not look at this the next section of teamwork. We would have a rifleman point out a pill box using tracer ammunition then a 37mm gun would take them under fire with high explosives. Often times a pill box crew would attempt to evacuate to a safer place and the light machine gun would mow them down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Isn't it interesting when we talk about teamwork and we talk about cover and move, the reason that it is such an incredible metaphor?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's because if you don't cover and move, you don't win. It's as simple as that. If you don't have one element that's shooting at the Japanese, while the other element is walking up and, if you don't do that, you lose. That's what happens. You lose. If you do that, you win. If you work together as a team, you win.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Italy, one night in the vicinity of Avellino.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The battalion established an outpost line around the high ground to the northeast. The city patrols were ordered up several roads leading out of the city. All company commanders were informed of the dispositions. The patrols went out before the outposts were posted. A few hours later, firing was heard at the battalion CP, which increased in tempo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I kept up most of the night. Soon reports were sent that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sent in that German patrols were operating in front of the outposts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next morning it became apparent that our own patrols had been fired on as they attempted to return to the outpost line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Comment, the constant recurrence of such reports indicates the necessity for closer coordination of patrol activity with the outpost of, with the outpost system. Positive steps must be taken to ensure that the routes of returning patrols are known to the outpost and that recognition signals are arranged. Blue on blue, no one thinks it's gonna happen. No one thinks it's gonna happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never even thought about blue on blues. It was like such a, it seemed like such a, I shouldn't say we never thought about them, but it seemed like such a foreign idea, you'd think. How could that ever happen?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Notes from other arms. There's another one about just staying off the skyline, right? Don't give away your position. I just had to highlight this. There's a section about what it was like when they had an anti-aircraft versus when they didn't have it. And the title of the section is Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fonder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what it was like, and, and what he says in here, is that the,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rarely would the anti-aircraft actually hit a German aircraft that was strafing them. It would rarely happen. But when the anti-aircraft wasn't there, the German aircraft would just come down and just hammer free rein.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First Lieutenant C.E. plays Air Corps Sicily. Flyers coming into the combat zone had no conception of radio discipline. Dave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] New pilots use the radio indiscriminately. Men returning from missions use the interplane radio unnecessarily, which jammed up the band for other planes still on a mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not bound by established rules. This tendency must be discouraged by positive action. Radio discipline is established to facilitate essential communications during combat and is not a peacetime plaything to be discarded when action is joined.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is, this is Task Unit Bruiser. We were freaking awesome at radio discipline. We did not talk on the radio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, there would be operations where some, some task units might use two or even three separate radio nets to coordinate. And in Task Unit Bruiser, we would use one. And it would be almost completely silent. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and how does this translate into regular life? It's talking all the time. It's not having discipline, what the hell you say. Just feeling like you gotta throw in your two cents all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think there's a lot of supporters out there, at least a dozen of them. Yeah, the radio discipline thing. Isn't it weird to this, this idea that everyone in combat, each individual believes his case is a special one. That's such a derogatory statement. And you know what's funny about that derogatory statement?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Upon searching the bodies, they found a map of the second lieutenant and dispatched immediately to the regimental command post by a runner. Next day, the translation of this map was returned to 1st Battalion. It showed the Japanese defensive plan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And proved very effective in eliminating Japanese from that area.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, hey, look, you might find a piece of paper that's got the word purple on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you bring that, you know, hey, this is what I found on target. That could be some code word that you didn't know about it. And it's, you don't know. So whenever you think you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're wrong. Whenever you think, ah, that doesn't mean anything, you're wrong. And so when someone is talking to you and you think you know, you're wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't know. They've got some perspective that you don't know. So listen to it. Listen to it. I have to put myself in check sometimes when I'll get asked a question, like working with a client and someone will give me a question and I'm telling you,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have, you, you, I know you, you have to experience this too Dave. Someone, someone raised their hand. Hey, I wanna know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it comes to cover move, if I'm working with another department and they don't, we already know where that question is going, right? There's like a 98% chance that we know that they're going to say, Hey, this other department doesn't care about me and they don't really support us. So what am I supposed to do then? Just keep support. We've heard that question. We hear that question a lot. I always have to put myself in check because just cause I think that's what they're going to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Doesn't mean that's what they're gonna say. It doesn't mean that there's not some nuance to it. It doesn't mean that I can spit out some module about how you, you know, well, you continue to support. No, no. Listen to what they're saying. Don't stop them from talking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, you know, the minute some- I see this in group dynamics. You know there's a discussion going on and someone's talking and someone else- someone else in the group will- will cut them off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think about how disrespectful it is to cut someone off, right? Like, you might not say anything to me, but if you're talking and I just jump in, cut you off, and just, just without regard, just, just start, you know, cut you off. Think about how, do you consider that disrespectful, Echo Charles? Yes, I do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most people recognize that that is disrespectful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so they try to stop themselves from doing it. They can't always control their egos. They can't always, like, let it continue. And I'll tell you, I think being on podcasts, have you ever noticed when two people that have podcasts are on the same podcast?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They'll let the other person talk and it sort of let the person complete thoughts cause podcast is sort of an amplified version of if all of a sudden we're talking over each other it's just painful to listen to. But then if you get someone that's not really a podcast type person or haven't, hasn't done a lot upon it, they'll be jumping in and wanting to talk and it makes it hard to listen to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My, my listening, right? Cause I, if I have a guest on here and they wanna talk, it's like, okay, I'm gonna let them complete their sentence. And what I've realized over the years is that when I let someone do that, there's usually some nuggets in there that I didn't know about. So I'm actually gonna listen to what you have to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the minute when I hear someone at, you know, at a, we'll be working with a company and you'll hear someone say, you know, someone's mid-sentence and boom, gets cut off and overrun. And here's what I was explaining on EF Online the other day. We all recognize that as disrespectful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's seldom that we recognize the opposite, which is, when I'm listening to you, I am showing you respect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you subconsciously know that. Like the person that you're talking to, when you listen to them, they subconsciously feel respected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is a good, which is a great thing because we're trying to build a relationship. We're trying to build trust.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's incredible how this tool of listening is so powerful in increasing the trust in relationships that we can work better together as a team, and yet it's neglected all the time because I think, oh, I already know what Dave is going to say, so I'm just gonna


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Contrary, if Dave is talking, and I listen to him, and I nod my head and say, yep, I hear what you're saying, and I let him complete his thoughts, not only am I not disrespecting him, I am respecting him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And damn if you don't see some just mayhem, go watch the news. Bruh.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's insanity. It's total insanity. Not just the newscasters themselves or the guests that they have come on for three minutes to yell at each other, but you know, go watch some, you know, two people in this day and age or five people or a hundred people arguing with each other. No one's listening to anybody. Why jump into that bar fight?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it starts with the disrespect of I'm not gonna listen to you. And by the way, when you


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I cut you off and then you try and cut me off back, what's my response? I get louder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then you get louder and now we're escalating. Next thing you know we're throwing punches. Next thing you know we're hocking bottles and bricks and shooting tear gas and we got a real freaking problem. Cause we don't listen to each other. Yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's, I will say, the main time when I jump in on somebody is like, I've got something flashing through my brain, and I don't want to lose it. Yeaah, you don't want to forget it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, obviously we could break down, sort of break down the social dynamics of situations where, you know, if I have some disagreement with you. Now, I will tell you, I am much better off, if Dave is saying something that I disagree with, I am much better off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? I'm cutting you off. So why am I behaving that way? It's not good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, if Dave wants to talk for 7 minutes and rattle off, you know, like you said, 47 points,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe at some point I go, you know, maybe at some point I say, Hey, can I just, can we, can we kind of address these things one at a time? Cause you've, you've just said three different things and I'm going to, I'm going to get lost in what you're saying. And I want to talk about that first thing. I think you could do that respectfully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know what's cool, what's interesting is when you are face to face with somebody, you can tell when the person wants to say something, right? You can just look at their face and they get a face and they have a non-verbal communication telling you, I got something to say right now. And if Dave's giving me that look, my respect to him is to go, he's got something to say. Time to give him a moment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, let's face it, if you're going to have a discussion with someone to try and try and consolidate your ideas together to become, to come up with a, the strongest idea, then you have to converse with them and whether they're a subordinate or a superior or a peer at some point,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, in order to progress ideas, you have to converse with them and just sitting there and remaining silent when people are saying things that you totally disagree with or to put in a better way, you don't fully understand their perspective, then we have to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uncover that perspective a little bit. And you do that by asking questions and trying to figure out where they are coming from.