[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I assume, like there would be some really good matches able to be made with all that. Santos Escobar versus Finn Balor sounds like a real good time to me.


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[Assistant] I say that Santos Escobar and Dominic Mysterio wrestled on Smackdown a few weeks ago and it wasn't great. So I mean, we'll, we'll see what we get, but we got, it was a few good wrestlers, so it will probably be better more time than it's not.


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[Assistant] Hey, they're getting paid. Yeah. Good for them.


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[Assistant] That's all you can, as far as I wish everybody would get booked well and everything, but they're all getting paid a lot of money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's fine, I don't care that much, it's the Andre the Giant match, but.


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[Assistant] I reckon, and this has been a theory between Sat and I, that Lashley wins it on Smackdown, goes to WrestleMania and faces LA Knight. I'd like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just trying to will Bobby Lashley onto the WrestleMania card. It just, to me, this segment felt like, oh, there's Bobby Lashley with the 24-7 geeks.


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[Assistant] Maybe. It wasn't that hot on Smackdown last week either, I'll say that. I do think it's just kinda cooled off a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To me, I think it, and I've seen a lot of people say like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, like not every week needs to be the big emotional thing. It's like, yeah, but that's what this story is. And when you stop doing that for a couple of weeks, then this story doesn't feel as exciting anymore because it's just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More generic beat downs and people saying, I'm going to beat you for the titles and stuff like this. The hook of the bloodline is all the emotional stuff.


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[Assistant] Yeah, really the only thing I didn't enjoy on the show was the little like five minute women's match with no heat, but.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Was it the greatest go home episode of Raw for WrestleMania I've ever seen? No, but was it better than a lot of the ones we've seen in recent years? Absolutely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I remember like 15 years ago when the last Smackdown before WrestleMania was just them showing clips from Axis.


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[Assistant] How things have changed when SmackDown gets on a big network.


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[Assistant] Hot dog. And you'll be able to see the full uncut version of the next episode of Survival Series coming very soon. Maybe sooner than you would even expect. Sooner than you might.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a lot to it. Some people get very upset.


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[Assistant] Yeah, it starts with like the ring ring ring ring ring bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, they were doing that with like, you know, the tag champs and then the world champ for like- Don't forget the women's tag champs. Yeah, well like-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Back when they merged the old tag titles the first time and just had the unified WWE tag team titles, they kind of traveled across both brands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I don't think it, uh, it wasn't too much of a hassle then because there were no tag teams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, so it's just kinda fine to appear on both shows, whereas now, I feel like if they got into a feud with someone on Smackdown, the person that they're feuding with would just end up on Raw, on those segments anyway. So at that point it's just kinda like, I'm gonna kill the brand split then. You know, have people go on both shows, but if they can do it well, I think it's a good idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Watching the shows from like OTT of him going and facing like Osprey or Thatcher or whoever just


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether he holds the title past when fans are like, okay, this is a good time for him to lose it. Cause that to me is when all these baby face champions start to lose their, their shine with the crowd a little bit. And I don't think Bianca has like lost it by any means, but it's like when people are all like, okay, this is the PPV where she's gonna lose it to Bayley.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If Cody doesn't just hold it past the okay then when moment, I think it'll be fine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, I don't know. I don't know that it's worse than the zombies or Horton and Fiend. It's a bad match.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, not exactly what I would book in a number of cases, but I think that sounds pretty good to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I, I, the one I want to highlight because I think I agree with it the most, Gargano and Champa against Owens and Zayn, I thought that it was like a world view when, uh, back when the Sami Zayn thing hadn't really caught fire and the idea of them beating the Usos was like, well yea, that's what's gonna happen and then WrestleMania, whatever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was like, do they win the tag toes at like the Royal Rumble and then do DIY against Owens and Zayn at WrestleMania? So they did that at SummerSlam?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, I can't think of a better tag match that WWE could book right now. Absolutely not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have seen a picture, and I don't know if this is like AI generated or what, but I have seen like an American Nightmare World Championship belt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not gonna argue about my two favorite sons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I refuse! Edge is my favorite wrestler of all time!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I was about to say it's Mario Mario and Luigi Mario. It's Logan Paul and Jake Logan Paul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, it was like a couple hours before our stream started. Yeah, but it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the sort of interpretation of this error becomes more obvious once you take the expectation of wages given.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Someone's level of education and ability.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we take the expectation of this where we just get alpha plus beta one times education plus beta two times ability where the sort of expectation of our error is in fact zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is some sort of personal and idiosyncratic factor which is making someone's wages either above or below average. So you can think about someone with a given level of education and given level of ability might choose to become an investment banker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And from that sample we're trying to make some estimate of what's going on in the population.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's say on our sample we only have individuals level of wages and their education.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when we sort of fit our least squared regression, we get out some sort of estimate of the population error u, which I'm going to call u hat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In sort of aggression programs, this u-hat is normally referred to as a sort of residual or your residuals is what you sort of call this, this error.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But notice, because of the fact that we don't actually have people's individual level of ability in our sample data, our residuals, u hat,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aren't actually going to be a particularly good estimate of the population error's u. In fact, they're almost certainly not going to be. Because of the fact that this u hat intrinsically is going to contain some measure of innate ability.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turn out to be good estimates of the population errors.


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[Assistant] This part of the desert of South Africa, where only a parched camel thorn tree relieves the endless parallels of time, space and sky, surrounds like a rope of sand, the richest diamond bearing area in the world. An uneasy land where men inflamed by monotony and the heat sometimes forget the rules of civilization.


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[Assistant] If you take one more step, I'll scream. In any case, I'll scream, Mr. Martingale. Unless you pay me a hundred pounds.


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[Assistant] The German is brutal. The Frenchman cries l'amour. The American is hoping for the cavalry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An American. And that time I kept hoping for the cavalry to come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, Mr. Martingale, I thought you told me I find this place quite dull. If I like young, rude Americans, I should be devoted to them and start for life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Diamonds are yogurt, but men are mine. Tell me, have you ever gone fishing? Hmm? What did you use for bait? Hmm, smoke mackerel. Fish? So, if you were going to catch a man, what would you use for bait?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a very dangerous thing to do, Mr. Davis. You are in.


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[Assistant] What do I have to do to prove that I am? I want to be your friend. I'm being honest.


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[Assistant] Mike, it's impossible. You could never get away with it. Please, leave.


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[Assistant] It's over now. You are still alive.


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[Assistant] I don't know, I'm not sure. But someone came to see Fogel at the park.


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[Assistant] Because if you don't, I will tell everyone about your proposal. It might be embarrassing.


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[Assistant] What if they know I never tell them, never quit? Then why?


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[Assistant] I hope you didn't mean that. I wish I didn't. Have you said all your going to?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Desire of Ages, Chapter 33. Who are my brethren?


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[Assistant] The sons of Joseph were far from being in sympathy with Jesus in his work.


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[Assistant] That through the day he was thronged by great companies of people and did not give himself time so much as to eat.


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[Assistant] His brothers heard of this and also of the charge brought by the Pharisees that he cast out devils through the power of Satan.


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[Assistant] And they induced Mary to unite with them, thinking that through his love for her, they might prevail upon him to be more prudent.


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[Assistant] Those who have spoken against Jesus himself, not discerning his divine character, might receive forgiveness, for through the Holy Spirit they might be brought to see their error and repent. Whatever the sin, if the soul repents and believes, the guilt is washed away in the blood of Christ.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They cut off the channel by which God can communicate with them. When the spirit is finally rejected, there is no more that God can do for the soul.


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[Assistant] The Pharisees to whom Jesus spoke this morning did not themselves believe the charge they brought against him. There was not one of those dignitaries, but had felt drawn toward the Savior.


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[Assistant] But after their rejection of him, it would be too humiliating to receive him as the Messiah, having set their feet in the path of unbelief.


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[Assistant] And in order to avoid acknowledging the truth, they tried with desperate violence to dispute the Savior's teaching.


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[Assistant] They could not prevent the Saviour from working miracles. They could not silence His teaching. But they did everything in their power to misrepresent Him and to falsify His words.


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[Assistant] Still the convicting spirit of God followed them.


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[Assistant] It is not God that blinds the eyes of men or hardens their hearts. He sends them light to correct their errors and to lead them in safe paths.


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[Assistant] It is by the rejection of this light that the eyes are blinded and the heart hardened. Often the process is gradual and almost imperceptible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Light comes to the soul through God's word, through His servants, or by the direct agency of His Spirit. But when one ray of light is disregarded, there is a partial benaming of the spiritual perceptions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thus it had been with these Jewish leaders. They were convinced that a divine power attended Christ, but in order to resist the truth, they attributed the work of the Holy Spirit to Satan. In doing this, they deliberately chose deception. They yielded themselves to Satan, and henceforth, they were controlled by his power.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Closely connected with Christ's warning in regard to the sin against the Holy Spirit is a warning against idle and evil words.


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[Assistant] Jesus said, every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then he sayeth, I will return into my house from whence I came out. And when he has come,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then goeth he and taketh with himself seven other spirits more wicked than himself, and they enter in and dwell there.


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[Assistant] Through the grace of God, they were set free from the evil spirits that held dominion over the soul. They rejoiced in the love of God. But, like the stony-ground heroes of the parable, they did not abide in His love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They did not surrender themselves to God daily


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[Assistant] A change is wrought which man can never accomplish for himself. It is a supernatural work, bringing a supernatural element into the human nature.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But unless we do yield ourselves to the control of Christ, we shall be dominated by the wicked one.


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[Assistant] To choose the service of the kingdom of darkness in order to come under its dominion.


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[Assistant] We have only to neglect to ally ourselves with the Kingdom of Light.


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[Assistant] Unless we become vitally connected with God, we can never resist the unhallowed effects of self-love, self-indulgence, and temptation to sin. We may leave off many bad habits, for the time we may part company with Satan, but without a vital connection with God,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are none so hardened as those who have slighted the invitation of mercy and done despite to the Spirit of Grace.


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[Assistant] Is a step toward the rejection of salvation.


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[Assistant] So long as one does this, he can find no hope or pardon.


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[Assistant] While Jesus was still teaching the people, his disciples brought the message that his mother and his brothers were without and desired to see him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He knew what was in their hearts and he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother and who are my brethren?


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[Assistant] For whosoever shall do the will of my father, which is in heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother.


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[Assistant] All who would receive Christ by faith were united to Him by a tie closer than that of human kinship. They would become one with Him, as He was one with the Father.


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[Assistant] His brothers would receive no benefit from their connection with him unless they accepted him as their personal savior.


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[Assistant] What a support Christ would have found in his earthly relatives if they had believed in him as one from heaven.


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[Assistant] It was part of the bitterness of that cup of woe which he drained for us.


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[Assistant] They looked upon him as in need of their counsel. They judged him from their human point of view and thought that if he would speak only such things as would be acceptable to the scribes and Pharisees, he would avoid the disagreeable controversy that his words aroused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They knew that the Pharisees were seeking an occasion to accuse him and they felt that he had given them sufficient occasion with their short measuring line. They could not phantom the mission which he came to fulfill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their coarse, unappreciative words showed that they had no true perception of his character and did not discern the divine blended with the human. They often saw him full of grief, but instead of comforting him,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These things made his path a thorny one to travel.


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[Assistant] So pained was Christ by the misapprehension in his own home that it was a relief to him to go where it did not exist. There was one home that he loved to visit, the home of Lazarus and Mary and Martha. For in the atmosphere of faith and love, his spirit had rest. Yet there were none on earth who could comprehend his divine mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or know the burden which he bore in behalf of humanity.


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[Assistant] Often he could find relief only in being alone and communing with his Heavenly Father. Those who are called to suffer for Christ's sake, who have to endure misapprehension and distrust even in their own homes,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] May find comfort in the thought that Jesus has endured the same. He has moved with compassion for them.


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[Assistant] Those who accept Christ as their personal savior are not left as orphans to bear the trials of life alone. He receives them as members of the heavenly family.


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[Assistant] He bids them call his father their father.


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[Assistant] They are his little ones, dear to the heart of God, bound to him by the most tender and abiding ties.


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[Assistant] He has toward them an exceeding tenderness as far surpassing what our father or mother has felt toward us in our helplessness as the divine is above the human.


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[Assistant] Of Christ's relation to His people, there is a beautiful illustration in the laws given to Israel.


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[Assistant] When through poverty a Hebrew had been forced to part with his patrimony and to sell himself as a bond servant, the duty of redeeming him and his inheritance fell to the one who was nearest of kin.


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[Assistant] Christ loves the heavenly beings that surround his throne, but what shall account for the great love wherewith he has loved us? We cannot understand it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Should we not be quick to recognize the claims of our divine relationship, adopted into the family of God?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, awesome. Fantastic. Uhm, so yeaah, I worked, uh, with Rob Wood on two different robots. So here you have the Hammer F, a small, uh, legged robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really exciting work at about like one gram scale and the RoboBee project, which in this context here we're trying to have come out of the water. So that was one of the projects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I then continued, uh, with a PhD with Merco and at, uh, Imperial College. And so there, that led me to work on several different platforms, which I'll be presenting a bit more in detail today. Uh, you have them up there, uh, in the slides.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I then did a short, uh, post-doc, uh, in the South of Spain with Anibal. And Anibal worked on very exciting, uh, large-scale flapping robots. And, uh, and so this we'll cover a bit today as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now I'm back at EPFL. Uh, I've got my, my own research grant, um, to work on hybrid, uh, aero-aquatic flapping robots. And so we'll finish on that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, over, uh, over the mass of your vehicle, your animal, uh, multiplied by its velocity, you can also define in terms of energy over distance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And essentially here in this plot you see three different categories of animals. You have walking animals, those are the green lines, flying animals, the gray and the fishes, and swimming animals are in blue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so what you can see here is, regardless of the scale, flying is more efficient in terms of cost of transport as a walking robot. So this is one of the reasons that I think


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So these are kind of the reasons why I think, uh, uh, working with flying robots is particularly exciting. Now, when we look at our planet, it actually looks like this, and these are the type of environments that I would like, uh, our flying robots to, to operate in. And so we have, uh, glacial regions, uh, coral reefs, flooded areas, volcano craters, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And here, like, just very cluttered environments, and I think, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's start with an example, uh, the RoboBee. So this was, uh, developed with Kevin Chen, who's now a faculty at MIT. And the RoboBee is 175 milligrams.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you see it, you see it resting on the water surface inside of a beaker. So it's a, it's a tiny robot, right? A few centimeters across. Uhm, and so the part that's underwater here is actually a tiny combustion chamber and you have the wings that are outside of the water surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so here, slowed down 200 times, you can see how the robot is able to come out of the water and get into a flight phase. Let's break it down a little bit together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so the first step that the robot does is electrolysis. So here, uhm, we have essentially two plates that are sticking inside of the water, inside of this chamber at the bottom.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and so what's nice about that is it starts to fill this tiny combustion chamber a few millimeters across. It starts to fill this chamber and the robot just naturally, uh, gets to the water surface. Uhm, so that's, uh, that's one of the nice things about, about this. And you have this combustible gas that you have at the water surface that you can then ignite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And one of the benefits of, of these types of robots is they work with piezoelectrics. And piezoelectric motors run at high voltages, so around two, three hundred volts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We then have the combustion, uh, progress within this chamber and yet there are several things that are happening here. We have a bubble that gets created underwater. A lot of energy gets dissipated in that. And we have a highly deforming structure. So suddenly this robot that essentially was rather hard becomes very deforming, uh, from the forces that we have. And then we get into free flight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even though this is very promising, there's still, uh, a lot of limitations. Of course, it's a micro-scale robot, uh, it's tethered, uh, the water surface has been changed in terms of, uh, surface tension. So certain, several, like, uh, things have been done to be able to enable this. And, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, kind of the half meter scale type, uh, robots. And one of the strategies that birds employ, uh, to dive into, to go into the water is they dive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Into a robot, uh, called the Aquamav, uh, 2014. So this robot is able to fly with extended fixed wings, a propeller in the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, we're able to essentially get, uh, speed, flight speeds again. Uhm, the wings are able to morph backwards, so they're servo-actuated, uh, and the propeller is in the front.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, and this is a really cool project, uhm, a lot of, uh, successful success stories from this. Uh, but it has one issue, is once you open this gas, gas cartridge, that's it. You've, you've released the pressure, you've done your one jump, and you cannot do anything else anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, sometimes the launch fails, so you'd be like stuck in the water. Uhm, so one of the things we tried to solve was okay, how can we do this? How can we generate this high pressure?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the idea here is that we can jump and jump multiple times out of the water and then glide to extend our distances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this, uh, led to the water reactive jumping robot concept, uh, that was published in 2019. And, uh, and it was able, it was able to leverage the energy in the environment, uh, to actually do this jump.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stay with me on this one. Uhm, this is a cross section of the robot. So we have a combustion chamber, with a tiny amount, a tiny fuel amount that we have down here. And so what happens is,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] CaC2 reacts very strongly with water and creates acetylene. The acetylene then gets released into the main chamber and it mixes with the air that we had in the upper part of the robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We then ignite this gas mix and that creates pressure and pushes the water out of the tank.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is what it looks like, uh, in lab conditions, uh, you take the water in your beaker, uh, you add calcium carbide. Notice that it's a very small amount, uh, that we're pouring in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the first thing we did is actually try out this combustion concept into a transparent chamber. So this is a combustion chamber with 3D printed inserts that we're filming at high speed and here you see in the video the combustion progressing through the chamber.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're measuring the pressure in real time, so we have pressure sensors. Uh, and the video on the other side is with water flooded already in the chamber. So you see the waterfront actually slowly getting pushed out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so this was nice, it was able, we were able to test out some of the, uhm, some of the hypothesis that we had, verify that we can get a reliable combustion. Uh, not so easy when you're in a water environment, uhm, but in the end we managed to figure out quite a lot of the details here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, there's still some things that we're, we couldn't quite figure out just by looking at experiments like this, is, you know, how, how much water should we, should we want in the, in the robot in the first place? Or how big should the nozzle, since nozzle be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so what we did is we actually developed a model, just an analytical model. And when you try to approach this, this problem, there's two considerations. There's external arrow considerations, where the forces on your wings, on your body matter, uhm, and the forces comes essentially from this jet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and with that we're able to optimize our robot to get the maximum height and therefore also the maximum distance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in this video, you'll see how this works. It happens really quickly, so we're trying to slow it down. There's more videos of the robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In close proximity, we're trying to also look at launch angles because this is something that when we design our electronics, we could shift around the center of mass to change the, uh, and center of buoyancy to change the, the floating angle and therefore the angle at which we launch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this was exciting. We were able to essentially get these launches quite reliably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and so all of this was, uh, designed out of carbon fiber, the interface, the, the main chamber, and so there's a lot of, uh, composite development there to make a system that could withstand the pressures that we have.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, we're looking also at accelerations and velocities of, of the robots to see whether, uh, we actually get the performance that we're predicted and, uh, we, so here you see in blue, this was the theoretical, uh, performance of our robot, uh, and we're able to get fairly close in terms of, uh, uh, tracked, uh, motion, so that's the purple line and also,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in terms of IMU data for the accelerations. Uh, the velocity is a bit off, but uh, but in general we felt at that stage we had a good understanding of our system. This was then tried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're happy with the results, but we realized our robot is essentially a floating combustion chamber. We're not really going underwater. So, you know, why, why bother at all trying to escape the water? We'll just stay at the surface, right? Uhm, and if we stay at the surface, we ease certain, some of these constraints and we can, we can do more things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's when I developed the SailMap concept. So SailMap is the yellow line that you have here on the screen. Uh, it's a robot that we're thinking, okay,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's use those wings for locomotion at the water surface. So this robot is able to land on the water and then pivot the wings upwards and essentially do sailing. And so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, animals have also been shown to do that. So there's spiders, swans, even jellyfish. Uh, they're able to do some levels of sailing. So, uh, it's not a completely unnatural approach to, uh, to solving this problem. Uhm, and the way this was done in the robot, uh, is the following. So the robot, uh, lands on the water, the wings become sails.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We then fold them back once we've done our science mission, uh, into the wing, the wing configuration again, we get into hydroplaning and then we take off. And so with that, we suddenly have a robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, also with this, uh, system, we can imagine multiple transitions. There's nothing that speaks against that. So even if you say you're trying to take off and there's a fail, uh, a fail there, you could attempt it again. Uhm, so, so that robot was essentially an attempt at, uh, at locomotion with sailing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, this is what the robot structure looks like, a bit, the first, uh, concept design. So we have a wing that essentially is split into three segments. And the center segment has, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for sailing, as it is for flying. And so that's one way to reduce the amount of actuators you have to carry on board.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, uh, as you saw, there's two hulls, left and right, and what was decided is to split the electronics into two parts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that you absolutely need for sailing. So if you don't know where your wind is coming from, then you'll get very poor performance. And so what we did is we developed a custom sensor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is based on the chip you see, uh, uh, up there in the top right. Uhm, so the way this works is you have a hall effect encoder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, all this was developed with some custom electronic boards that were fixed upside down inside of the robots. So if any water comes in, it doesn't actually touch the electronics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, yeaah, I'll spare you the detail on the mechanical design, some essentially locking systems for both positions, uh, up and down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so what we did is we are, we modified this code, I mean it's basically just a very rough representation of what, uh, how PX4 works. But essentially you get your sensor data, run that into an extended Kalman filter, you get your vehicle estimation, attitude estimation, and that typically goes into a fixed weight controller.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then to the actuators. And so what we did is essentially we added this sailing control block that we designed within PX4, uh, that would in addition take also the wind angle which we're not using in flight, uh, and, uh, output the actuator values.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of this was, uh, was running on the PixRacer here. Uh, one of the tiniest flight controls that you can get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, yeah, with Sophie here, we've been doing a lot of the sailing testing. So, uh, at Imperial College, they didn't let us flood our, the wind tunnels there. So what we did is we put a, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We put fans in the tank that we had, uh, which was a very crude approach to wind tunneling. But, uh, essentially with that, we're able to test our autonomous, uh, wind controller. And so there is a, there is a bit of, um, of challenges into, into designing these controllers as well, because your wings don't have full span. So ideally you'd have a wing that you can pivot 360 degrees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And typical servers don't allow you to do that, so uhm, so there's a bit of work that went there into getting the right controller.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is nothing new, but we're able to do this in a matter of hours, so that was nice. It's essentially to produce these wings. So what we do is we CNC cut a foam core out of EPP foam, which is a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, uh, so the advantage of this is, uh, just, uh, just through like some vacuum, uh, pressure, we're able to, to get those wings. And one nice thing about this process as well is we're able to get electronic components. Uhm, so here in this case, it was just an electronic bus that was going through the wing. And that was important to be able to transmit the signal from the left to the right of, of, of the plane. Uhm, yeaah, uhm, so this is a, actually,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me stop this. Well, that's alright. Uh, this is in Hyde Park, uh, in London where you're allowed to sail. Um, so we're testing the robots there. And here you see the, the, the robot into, uh, in flying mode. So it's accelerating and it gets to, uh, hydroplaning speeds, which happens at around six to seven meters per second.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, finally we're testing the transitions to flight. We're not allowed to fly in this, uh, pond. So we're obviously cutting off, uh, the robots. So that's why we're not showing any of the flight phase. Uh, no, but jokes aside, there's still a bit of work to, to happen on the flight phase. Um, and, uh, and, and still an ongoing project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One thing that I think is particularly important when you do these hybrid robots is, uh, what is the cost? Because at the end it's great, you know, it's like, oh yea, now we have this robot, it can fly, it can sail. But you know, what am I paying for that? Like, what is the price?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, so what we did, the way we approached this is we, uh, characterized the weight of every single component we had on the robot and then tried to look, okay, which components are redundant? Which components would we actually not need? And so what we see is that in flying, we have about 10% extra mass, which is a small penalty, but it's still quite significant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in sailing we have about 20% of mass that essentially does not serve any sailing purposes. In sailing it doesn't matter too much, so this plays rather in our favor. And, uh, essentially we've been looking at this, these metrics, uh, for, for most of the hybrid robots. Uhm, this then led also to field work, so this is in Croatia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so great work, and, uh, and it's led to three publications. The last one is, uh, still in process, uh, and it's a, it's a project that's still ongoing, so I'm very excited about this, and I hope, uh, to see more things in the future about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, from the drone and, uh, and this part here looks like not much, but you'll see we've actually worked quite a bit on this. And so this is what I call the swimming agent because, uh, actually there is quite a few things it could do. So it could regulate the height at which it was, uh, it was swimming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so for that we had this soft membrane and we would control the pressure inside of the robot to move up and down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was controlled through a double, uh, PID control loop and was able to essentially regulate to a certain depth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We also had jets on, on the robot and with that we're able to navigate in x and y to the position that we wanted. Uh, of course, of course you're limited by the tether, so it's still within kind of a five meter, uh, sphere you can go around the robot. And, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think what's really nice is suddenly we have a way to get live video from underwater.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's, that's quite unique because typically underwater robots, uh, they don't have a video link. They have just a very poor way of communicating and transmitting data. So you really don't get video. So that was a,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was nice to see that we're able to get that and we're able to navigate the robot into like relatively tight spaces through the XYZ control and here relay video data back, uh, to the user. And doing also some flights outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, this was also tested then in Switzerland on a lake where we were able to compare chlorophyll content within the lake at certain depths.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this was compared with other types of, uh, of measures that biologists were doing there, which are typically manual, very big sensors, uh, and quite expensive to deploy. The robot has evolved a little bit, but, uh, I'll spare you the detail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And after that I, I moved on to quite a different project.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First, and I think it's one of the most important, it's safe. And I really mean that. So we're having these robots about this, this big, uh, flying around us and you can catch them in flight. So it's, it's really something that you're not worried about. And, and this is due to the low velocities of the wings, right? Compared to a propeller.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That comes with it, is also quiet. You don't have these high spinning propellers. It's bio-inspired, so you can actually look at animals and copy to get inspiration when there are certain metrics that you're having a hard time to figure out and to model.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, it does show very high maneuverability potential, so you can flap one wing on one side and really stop flapping on the other side and therefore get really high turn rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And finally, and I think that's really important, you can fly at very high angles of attack. So that means you can really have a robot that flies slowly at high angles of attack and quickly at low angles of attack while remaining relatively efficient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, and so this is the robot that we published in 2021.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in flight here, so we're talking about 500 grams, this big. And one of the questions that we had is, okay, how do we do physical interaction with this? Uh, it's great, but, you know, we throw it by hand and then it crashes on the ground and, and that's the end of it. Uh, and specifically, how do we land it onto a branch?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, very importantly, we had a 2 meter per second minimal forward velocity. So that's really slow. That's this you walking quickly, you know, type of speed. So, so that's really good, good news if we're trying to, to, you know, attach to a branch or a static object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So of course, when we talk about mechanical appendages, one great work comes to mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I led here of course, uhm, and when we, what I want to do is look a bit more at the perching aspects, at the claws themselves, and we see that there's several requirements that we need to be able to do this from a, with a flying robot. So first we need to be able to, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so we worked on a similar concept in a way, if you want. Uhm, but we had slightly additional requirements, I would say, for our forward-flying robot. First is the impact resistance that we needed, so suddenly we needed to be able to stop this forward-flying robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And finally, uh, one important aspect was the fact that our flying robots, we can't control them in position very well. So, you know, you get them into trajectory, but there's still, there's oscillations in flight and.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so that was a problem and, and we're able to find, uh, a solution that I'm presenting here that was able to tolerate this misalignment. So here you see this in 4,000 frames per second, the branch hits the center of this claw, which is bi-stable, uh, and the moment we hit the center, the claw actually closes, uh, within 25 milliseconds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, and of course this was, uh, essentially pulled open with some tendons. And, uh, these tendons need to be, uh, need to be able, be able to be pulled to reopen the claw. So this was something that we implemented here. So we have this integrated slider mechanism within, uh, the leg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Charges by opening the claw and pulling on the tendons and then releases the tension within the tendons so they're now just loose and you can come with a branch and essentially close very quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we integrated all of this within our, uh, forward flying flapping wing robot and we realized to be able to perch something like this, there's really three components that need to work together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then you have these oscillations because of flapping flight. Uh, birds are pretty good at this, robots were still a bit further away, so your center of mass actually moves up and down, uh, as you flap at four hertz, so it's, it's relatively quick. So you need some way to correct the, the, this misalignment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's bigger than the branch that you're trying to, to, to perch on. So we need a close range correction system. And finally, you need to actually perch on the robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I put you on the branch, sorry. Uhm, a lot of electronics, uh, goes into designing something like this. Uhm, so the way we developed this was, uh, essentially, uh, have a network of electronics that's sitting in the head of the robot and that is connected to this claw that actually carries its own microcontroller and own controller.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and so that's, that's a really, it's a really nice thing because at the end, uh, printed circuit boards are, are glass fibers, right? So, uh, structurally, they're, they're quite good. Uh, they're a bit heavier than carbon, but, uh, but they're able to take very high forces. And so most of the, the sensitive electronics were in the front of the robot carrying, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In order to manage flight, so this was done in a motion capture system, so obviously the next step is to do this outside, but in the scope of these experiments, we're doing things in a motion capture system. And what you're doing is you're essentially controlling height, yaw, and pitch of this robot, and you're doing this by controlling the frequency of flapping, so that regulates your height.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Birds typically have, uhm, have tails that are, that are a lot better, uh, that can twist, turn, extend, uh, but that adds like quite a lot of complexity and it's, it's actually an ongoing field of study, uh, so at that, at that point, uh, we decided to, to stick with rather, uh, known controllers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I said, as we're getting towards the branch, we need to compensate these oscillations. So for that, this is the solution we came up with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kind of, it's a first step to get some sort of vision. What's really nice about it though is you can process this very quickly on a microcontroller.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we're able to get 200 Hz vision, uh, feedback, uh, with this sensor running on just a standard microcontroller, which is something that would be very hard to do with a, with a proper camera.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, the sensor is relatively small, has a tiny lens. It's sitting next to the, next to the claw. And so what it does essentially is, it tries to align the claw at all times with the branch when it detects it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's go on to some videos because I think it's the more exciting part. So here we have the robot sitting on this launcher system. That's the thing that I developed when I got there to be able to get repeatable takeoff. And so here we're accelerating to 4 meters per second.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, you'll see the robot flying across this motion capture zone to the corner to get the maximum distance. And here we're essentially tuning our flight control and making sure we can get to the same location.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We then took the same robot once we're happy with the way it flies. And, uh, and so this is in slow motion now. So our real flapping speeds are about four meters per second.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gets to the object. So that moment was like, oh, cool. Uh, this can, this might actually work, but still wasn't, uh, wasn't quite clear whether it would work with a hard branch. So then this here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, is, uh, the first time we're able to perch this robot, uh, and in real time, it's flying across the room and getting to branch and perching there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, without any, uh, sorts of retuning. So, so you know, all together we were quite happy that, uh, to get this, this robot to perch, uh, multiple times and even on a, on a second robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I have a lot more stuff I can show, but for the sake of time, I'll switch subjects a bit. Now I'll go to essentially what I'm doing right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I really like these flapping-wing robots. I think they have a lot of potential. But obviously my, my background, my previous background was just aerial aquatic locomotion. And, and, and my next thought was actually, can we do this? Can we, can we get these flapping-wing robots to also swim?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, and there it makes a lot of sense to look at the birds. So this is an Atlantic puffin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Atlantic puffins are this, is this really cute tiny bird, uh, about this scale. There's a lot of them in the north of Scotland and they're able to just pivot downwards and continue their flight underwater. And so,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One thing that's really nice about this bird is it doesn't use its feet to swim. A lot of the diving birds continue their underwater locomotion part with their feet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, there's a lot of difficult parts that, uh, we're trying to break it down into the different steps. Uhm, but as this is an ongoing project, I'll give you a bit of a global highlights of what we're doing at the moment. So here we have


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the same robot that is able to, uh, fly and swim. So this was already, like, a really, like, kind of big step because we suddenly have a robot that was designed for air and we're still able to make it work underwater. And so there's a lot of, uh, structural constraints, communication constraints, electronics, uh, constraints to make something like this work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And one of the things that we've been looking at more recently is the water exit, which is the more energy intensive part and is something that we need to care about. So here you'll see it on the right. This is real time, so it happens relatively quickly. The robot is underwater, affixed to a rail, so we don't have to worry about controls for now. And you'll see, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happens as it flies into the air? So this is a, let's say a first step. The robot is still supported, but the next step obviously will be to look at this without real support.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, it's a good question. I think if it was hollow, you'd have a problem with water coming in at some point, probably. Uhm, so here it's a foam core, which is fairly light, so we've optimized which foams we're using.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so we're able to get wings that were fairly light. I would say, uhm, rather one component that more work needs to be put in is rather the floating part.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because that's something that is hollow, but therefore you need a shell that's relatively strong. Uhm, so there, there's, there could be more work, uh, definitely to make it lighter. Yeah. Okay, good question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, a lot of them are mostly at kind of the smaller scale. Uhm, also robots that are capable of hovering. So if you can hover, you can usually take off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, yeaah. But we're, a lot of the times we're also just hand throwing them. Uh, and actually that works quite well because a flapping robot generates quite a bit of thrust at low flight speeds. Uhm, so you can just take it in your hand and just throw it like this. Uhm, so yeaah. But yeaah, it's a good question. Thanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the flapping robots, you can really flap one wing and stop the other wing, if your mechanics permit it. And then that gives you really sharp turn rates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other approach would be to actually have some sort of jumping built into your legs, uhm, which I think would be, would be the most interesting to look at.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeah, so what we have here is we have a silicone membrane. You see it here. It deforms, right? And then you have two spikes in the front. And so what that does is it's not really so much the spikes that are holding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because the wood is really hard that we're using. It's actually more that it's pressing the, pressing the, the wood into, into the silicone that you have here that coats the inside of, of the cloth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, the, the, the problem is probably like these spikes. I guess the actual closing, we had it on our arms, it's okay. Uhm, but yea, you still, you still have these spikes that, that wouldn't be so good if it was, if it was to actually close onto you, right? That would be something to avoid, yea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It, it's, it's quite difficult because the, the problem you have is you need the high forces, right? So by having a system that's bi-stable that you preload with energy, right, allows you to give, like, to get very fast speeds and very high forces. Actually, I have a, maybe, uhm, that's, that's maybe a bit easier to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so right, so, so here that's the, the operational concept of, of this claw and you have this very strong spring here, uh, that's linking those two points and you see it's just slightly behind the center of rotation of the claw.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Open really quickly and really, uh, yeaah, close really quickly and open really quickly, it would be difficult. I don't know how you'd be able to get this amount of like, uh, power, maybe some pneumatic, pneumatic system or, but then that would be heavy as well because then you need pumps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but honestly, I'm not sure it's a massive problem. You often don't care so much, like you're on the branch. It's rare that you need to like, you know, land and take off immediately, right? Somehow if it takes a few seconds to reload, uh, I think the harder challenge is getting to flight speed. Uh, yeah, but good question. Thanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And while I thought I would be treated with some respect as an inhabitant of the castle,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had seen many of the villagers surreptitiously making the sign against evil as I passed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My intercession might easily make things worse for the boy. Can't you do anything? I asked Gilly. Speak to your husband, I mean. Ask him to be, um, lenient. Gilly looked up from her work, surprised.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why should you care what happens to him? she asked. But curiously, not with any hostile meaning. Of course I care, I said. He's only a lad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever he did, he doesn't deserve to be mutilated for life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She raised pale brows. Plainly this argument was unconvincing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Still she shrugged and handed me the mortar and pestle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She scanned her shells and selected a bottle of greenish stuff, labelled in fine cursive script, extract of peppermint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll go and dose off her, and whilst I'm about it, I'll see if ought can be done for the lad. It may be too late, mind, she warned.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if that poxy priest's got a hand in, he'll want the stiffest sentence he can get. Still, I'll try. You keep after the pounding. Rosemary takes forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I took up the pestle as she left and pounded and ground automatically, paying little heed to the results.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The shut window blocked the sound both of the rain and the crowd below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two blended in a soft, pattering sussurus of menace. Like any schoolchild, I had read Dickens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And earlier authors as well, with their descriptions of the pitiless justice of these times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Meet it out to all ill-doers, regardless of age or circumstance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But to read from a cozy distance of one or two hundred years, accounts of child hangings and judicial mutilation,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Was a far different thing than to sit quietly pounding herbs a few feet above such an occurrence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Could I bring myself to interfere directly if the sentence went against the boy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I moved to the window carrying the mortar with me and peered out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The crowd had increased as merchants and housewives attracted by the gathering wandered down the high street to investigate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Newcomers leaned close as the standees excitedly relayed the details, then merged into the body of the crowd.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More faces turned expectantly to the door of the house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking down on the assembly, standing patiently in the drizzle, awaiting a verdict, I suddenly had a vivid understanding of something. Like so many, I had heard, appalled, the reports that trickled out of post-war Germany.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The stories of deportations and mass murder, of concentration camps and burnings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Must have seen the trucks, the coming and going, the fences and smoke. How could they stand by and do nothing? Well, now I knew. The stakes weren't even life or death in this case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Colum's patronage would likely prevent any physical attack on me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But my hands grew clammy around the porcelain bowl as I thought of myself stepping out, alone and powerless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To confront that mob of solid and virtuous citizens, avid for the excitement of punishment and blood to alleviate the tedium of existence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I speak for the associations committee for refugee doctors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For those physicians and surgeons who have been driven from their own countries. However, these gentlemen have no wish to compete with our own doctors in the medically well-serviced metropolitan areas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there are hundreds of towns and communities throughout rural America entirely without medical service. It is to such towns and hamlets that I am expressing this message. These men...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Grateful for the sanctuary that America has afforded them in their hour of need are prepared to accept posts in just these places and ask nothing beyond their actual living needs and the chance to be of service. The next voice you hear will be Dr. Rudolf Preussner, formerly of Prague.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I present to you a most eminent specialist, Dr. Carl Brown of Vienna. Dr. Brown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's so much I'd like to tell you about Dr. Brown that I, I honestly don't know where to begin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Panama is the southernmost Central American nation. At the country's narrowest point, its canal connects the coastal cities of Panama City and Colon, the Pacific with the Atlantic and Caribbean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there aren't many customers. It's the rainy season, and that means low season.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The total of 10 diesel-electric locomotives haul the passenger trains. They're named after stations along the route. Their numbers derive from the early years of the railway in Panama.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our train's ready. It has a locomotive at both ends. This push-pull system means the staff don't have to do any shunting at the final stops.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gilberto Alemancha is a tour guide. He'll be showing us a very special corner of his country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's the Casco Viejo, Panama City's old town, for example, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The architectural splendor of Panama's colonial past still shines bright here. The buildings were commissioned by newcomers from Spain and later from France and North America.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The days when trams rode through the quarter are long gone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In recent years, the state and private citizens have been investing in the renovation of its many dilapidated buildings.


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[Assistant] Gentrification is pushing up rents in the Casco and changing its character. A problem faced by many old towns around the world.


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[Assistant] But for tourists, the colourful buildings are a picture perfect backdrop.


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[Assistant] Time and again the streets and squares afford attractive views of Panama City's modern skyline.


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[Assistant] Latin America's highest skyscrapers can be found here. International trading houses, banks and hotels.


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[Assistant] Panama City at the Pacific end of the canal is the seat of government, a speculator's paradise, a money laundering centre and a destination for migrants. It's a cosmopolitan city undergoing rapid growth.


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[Assistant] The capital is home to one and a half million Panamanians. That's more than a third of the country's entire population.


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[Assistant] That number swells every day with the influx of commuters. The public transport system is largely serviced by buses.


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[Assistant] A metro opened in Panama City in April 2014. The city's very proud of it. It's Central America's only underground railway.


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[Assistant] A second line is under construction and a third one is in planning.


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[Assistant] The operator of the state-run Metro says 250,000 passengers use Line 1 every day. There are 19 trains with three carriages each on the line.


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[Assistant] They were built in Spain. They operate at three-minute intervals, servicing 14 stations.


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[Assistant] There aren't many tourists out on foot amid the exhaust fumes in modern Panama City. They prefer to admire its skyline from afar.


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[Assistant] Tourism elsewhere in the country, on the other hand, is evolving into a key income generating industry.


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[Assistant] The Panama Canal has been a destination for travellers for a century. Not many people explore the country beyond it.


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[Assistant] A trip on the Panama Canal railway is one such attraction. It guarantees views that you wouldn't get in a car or on foot. The canal zone is closed off apart from a few access points at the locks. Only trains are allowed in.


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[Assistant] A train ticket from Panama City to Colon costs 25 US dollars. The bus equivalent is $2.50.


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[Assistant] That's probably why it's only tourists enjoying the views in the historic carriages.


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[Assistant] One of the carriages of the train is reserved for employees of the Cologne Free Trade Zone. They use it to go to work.


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[Assistant] By the shortest route possible, namely 81.6 kilometres.


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[Assistant] The tugboats that assist the huge vessels play a crucial role. They're called Rimocaldores in Spanish.


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[Assistant] Their engines have more than 6,000 horsepower. Our boat's currently maneuvering a Chinese container vessel into the Miraflores Lock.


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[Assistant] Raising and lowering the water level in a locked chamber takes around 10 minutes. Around 400,000 litres of water are moved.


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[Assistant] The container vessel will head on to the Gatun Lock, where other tugboats will assist it. After around 10 hours, it'll be in the Atlantic. Edgar's shift is over for today.


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[Assistant] The Japanese mules, the electric locomotives that run on the lock walls, work incredibly hard. They pull the huge ships through the locks, more than 30 of them per day.


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[Assistant] The locomotives are equipped with two motors of 260 horsepower each, as well as a rack rail system made in Switzerland. The cock wheels grip a central rack, which gives them support. Yet another rail supplies the mules with electricity.


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[Assistant] They're named after the pack animals that traditionally carried goods on the Panama Canal route.


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[Assistant] Up to 14,000 ships a year make their way through the Panama Canal, which was opened in 1914. The lock gates still hold firm.


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[Assistant] The construction of the impressive Panama Canal was documented by the New York artist William B. Van Ingen in realistic mural paintings. They were installed in the Panama Canal headquarters in 1915.


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[Assistant] The building is located on a hill 26 metres above sea level, which is equivalent to the highest elevation in the canal.


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[Assistant] The exhibit highlights the canal's increasing importance in public and private life from the early 20th century.


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[Assistant] Many developments in Panama are associated with the isthmus, but there's of course more to the country than the canal.


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[Assistant] The Museum seeks to answer questions on the identity of Panamanians.


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[Assistant] Recreated scenes from the lives of canal workers, the famous photograph of President Theodore Roosevelt's visit to the canal, a rusty wagon from what was then the world's largest construction pit, pictures, newspaper articles and tools, not least for the newly created railway department. The collection has its very own history.


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[Assistant] A rich digital photo album tells the story of the Panamanian railway. It traversed the country from ocean to ocean long before any ship in the canal.


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[Assistant] From 1855 onwards it spared travellers from having to sail the longer route around Cape Horn, at the tip of South America.


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[Assistant] The Panama Railway was founded in New York. More than 10,000 workers died from malaria or cholera during its construction.


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[Assistant] The railway was initially a success story, but its significance faded with the completion of the transcontinental route across the United States in 1869.


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[Assistant] When the French began excavation in 1881, they bought the railway and used it to transport workers and materials.


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[Assistant] They ran out of money, however, and in 1904 the United States acquired control of the canal zone, overseeing the project to its successful completion.


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[Assistant] Now the old railway route had to be changed because it followed the river valley that would be flooded.


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[Assistant] The line was relocated at a cost of 9 million dollars. During the canal's construction, trains carted away around 200 million cubic meters of soil and rock.


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[Assistant] Nobody cared about their fate when the area was flooded.


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[Assistant] On the 15th of August 1914, the Panama Canal opened to traffic.


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[Assistant] The railway line, once celebrated as the first inter-oceanic connection on the Isthmus, decayed for decades. It was rescued by a private company that has been operating the service since the year 2000 on new tracks through the canal zone.


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[Assistant] Gilberto has lived in Panama City for a long time. He likes it there, but nothing beats island life.


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[Assistant] There's a rollercoaster-like road through the rainforest to the Kuna Yala region on Panama's north coast. We accompany Gilberto on a trip there.


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[Assistant] 49 islands on the San Blas archipelago are inhabited. In 1925, the Kuna won autonomy from the Panamanian government in a bloody fight for the survival of their culture.


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[Assistant] Every island community has its own rules. Some reject tourism. Others have cautiously opened their idyllic world to outsiders.


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[Assistant] Gilberto is from the island of Cartizudstup, and we're allowed to accompany him there.


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[Assistant] First we're introduced in the Casa de Congreso, the Assembly Hall.


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[Assistant] But solar energy and mobile phones are no rarity. Many cuna work on the mainland. They bring the technology with them when they return home. A small festival is just coming to an end.


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[Assistant] The Small Village Museum displays many spiritual objects of the Kuna culture, along with a large collection of Maulas, which are popular souvenirs among visitors to Panama.


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[Assistant] But the museum's curator underlines their true purpose.


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[Assistant] Houses are molar made. Several layers of fabric are placed on top of each other. Patterns are cut out and the edges are sewn together by hand.


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[Assistant] In the Kuna language, Marcella tells us a little bit about her life.


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[Assistant] Passed to the U.S. Company's Kansas City Southern and MeJack Products, which leases and services terminal equipment like cranes. The service is operated by the Panama Canal Railway Company.


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[Assistant] Fast transport of containers from coast to coast is a lucrative business.


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[Assistant] Balboa is the third largest port in the whole of Latin America. It's situated at the Pacific entrance to the canal. The terminal never sleeps.


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[Assistant] Many modern vessels are too big for a canal that's now more than a century old. As a result, ships unload their cargo onto smaller cargo vessels or onto double-decker freight trains.


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[Assistant] The kind of excitement other countries have for trains doesn't exist in Panama.


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[Assistant] Train driver Enrique climbs onto his workplace. He doesn't know yet when he'll get the departure signal for Colon.


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[Assistant] He gets his diesel locomotive ready. It's an SD60 built by General Motors in the 80s. It has 3,800 horsepower. Is he happy with it?


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[Assistant] The locomotives, which have to pull up to four and a half thousand tons several times a day, are maintained in the company's own repair shop.


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[Assistant] No other spot sees a closer convergence of the canal, road and rail tracks. From here the canal runs through Lake Gatun, the artificially flooded region that spans some 420 square kilometres.


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[Assistant] The water for the lake comes from the Damned River.


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[Assistant] Next to it is the Soberania National Park with its impenetrable rainforest. The Gamboa Rainforest Resort runs guided tours into the area, for example on a so-called aerial tram that runs above the canopy of trees at a height of 85 metres.


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[Assistant] At the moment the two big logs with the water reservoirs are still under construction. Yasmin has no trouble explaining the canal system.


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[Assistant] Lake Gatun is 26 metres above sea level and connects the Pacific and the Caribbean. In the locks, the ships are raised to this level or lowered again.


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[Assistant] A boat trip across the artificial lake isn't without its dangers.


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[Assistant] When the canal was built, only trees near the shipping channel were felled.


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[Assistant] Entire trains were abandoned and submerged when the canal was flooded.


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[Assistant] This underwater museum will exist for a long time to come, and it's well guarded.


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[Assistant] Ships have been sailing into the harbor of Puerto de Cristobal for more than 150 years now. It's one of the oldest in Panama.


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[Assistant] The tourist train journey ends in a completely unspectacular station in the Port of Cologne.


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[Assistant] Visitors can now take a day-long visit to historic towns such as Portobello on the Caribbean coast. The train will stay here for nine hours. Its locomotive is only used for passenger services.


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[Assistant] Lineor will take a little nap and then he'll work in the harbour before driving the train back to Panama City.


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[Assistant] Cologne is the second largest free trade zone in the world. Nevertheless, its affluence has seen a steady decline since the late 60s.


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[Assistant] The switch to newer technologies for processing goods at the container terminal has led to a sharp rise in unemployment. The dejection is visible in the streets.


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[Assistant] Tour guides warn of a high crime rate. And yet, Cologne hasn't wholly lost its Caribbean charm.


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[Assistant] It's early evening and time for the Panama Canal railway to take its passengers back to the capital.


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[Assistant] What did the Tourism Ministry say to us in the beginning?


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[Assistant] Sure, the canal is our main attraction, but we have many other beautiful things to offer.


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[Assistant] There are two tugboats right now assisting this ship. One on the bow and me on the stern. The reason I'm here is to help them control


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[Assistant] If need be, the stern and help him not have head weight. Able to slow him down or even stop.


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[Assistant] Well the other one on the bow tries to control the bow and keep it in direction. Mainly because it's a canal and not open water. It's better for the ship actually. For us to move them, whether it be a couple angles.


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[Assistant] And for him to, you know, eventually get into the locks easier.


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[Assistant] Rather than trying to steer and then the ship being heavy or not make a wider turn and not necessarily what we need.


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[Assistant] Then we repeat the process again. It'll be like two hours, two and a half hours until we get to the other side.


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[Assistant] Over there, we have our three chiefs.


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[Assistant] It's good to see you, Harry. Oh, uh, permit me to present my assistant, Herr Schmidt.


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[Assistant] But I didn't escape, Lenchen. What we heard is that you had escaped to Russia. I, uh, was in Russia, yes. On a mission for the state.


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[Assistant] Dr. Torber said in his letter that you... I regret to say that Dr. Torber is a traitor. He will write no more letters. But Harry...


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[Assistant] How is he a traitor? To the Reich, Herr Doctor. Of which I am now an official servant.


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[Assistant] Two years ago, I too had soft and sentimental ideas, as you will remember, Herr Doctor. Now I have learned a different ideology.


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[Assistant] I have important business here for two weeks. Then I return to Berlin. The Reich is acquiring new territory, Herr Doctor. There's work for us to do. I've made arrangements for you and Lainey. Us? Oh, have no fear. I have influence in the party. I've arranged that this little difficulty of yours is forgotten. And then, uh, we will return to the Reich.


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[Assistant] Don't waste your sympathy on the Russia doctor. Heh.


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[Assistant] For a doomed patient, we are not doing so badly.


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[Assistant] You cannot leave like this. We have traveled half across the world to meet here.


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[Assistant] That is Aldi, eh? Yeaah, just like the kid. How old is he? How old is yours? Oh, my kid's ten. Comes about to hear on me.


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[Assistant] It was masterful. And you're, you're not sore? Sore? Why should I be sore?


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[Assistant] All I know is that all the great lawyers have seen it that way. Abraham Lincoln would have seen it that way.


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[Assistant] Lincoln! I'll go even further. Wendell Wilkie would have seen it that way.


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[Assistant] To tell you the truth, I hadn't made up my mind until today. But the way you handled that case decided me.


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[Assistant] I, I must make sure after all that my confidence is justified. Well naturally, and I, I want to prove that I can take care of Jamie. And I know you can. But you need a bigger field. Potsville is too small for a man of your caliber.


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[Assistant] What you ought to do is to go to New York and make a name for yourself. New York.


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[Assistant] Well, I'll be glad to do anything I can, because you've been so nice to me.


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[Assistant] Well, you see, dear, I was living all alone in my little room. It wasn't much, but I was happy.


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[Assistant] Hello? I'm sorry, but Mr. Clark is out. I don't know when he'll be back.


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[Assistant] This is, uh, oh, this is just a lady who lives with him. I'd rather not give my name.


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[Assistant] I heard footsteps on the stairs outside, so I opened my door a bit and looked out. I was curious.


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[Assistant] Oh yes, yes, I'm sure I would. I got a very good look at her. She passed under the light.


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[Assistant] I think so. Still there's something. Yes, I'll swear to it.


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[Assistant] But she's free now, poor darling. And I have a right to some peace, too.


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[Assistant] Is the right honorable gentleman aware that this scheme has been received with considerable support in many quarters?


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[Assistant] Without further ado, the winner of 2014 TechCrunch Disrupt Enterprise Disruptor category from Accenture Open Innovation is... Heartpick.


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[Assistant] Senor and Senorita Goya. Old soldiers. Yes, sir.


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[Assistant] There's something, there's something, I mean, you've been in and among Silicon Valley for so many years, and some people criticize Silicon Valley for having this, this capsule-like thinking where everything has to be, you know, a gajillion dollar company. And which, you know, we love those companies, they're great.


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[Assistant] So the idea, how do you make sure the ideas in your book don't discourage them from at least having some economic interest in what they're doing?


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[Assistant] You know, world experience, how do you identify that which needs to be done?


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[Assistant] So you think it's, is it the old hard work you make your own luck? That, that old? I like that. Okay. So this whole idea of, well, because go back to, because most people in this room, you know, did all the right things. They went to good schools, they had good extracurriculars, they were, you know, captain of the debate team, whatever.


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[Assistant] Was he doing this because no one else was doing it? Was he doing it because he was passionate about it? Was he doing it because he had an awesome product?


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[Assistant] When you talk about important moments in the lives of companies, because a lot of people here are starting companies or ventures with people they either maybe know or don't know that well, you talk about in the book about the importance of picking the right founder.


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[Assistant] Being a God is dope. It surpasses the actual, the name, you know? I don't see myself attached to that name. Right. You know, whether it be God or Toilet. You feel me? Should we talk? Well, okay.


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[Assistant] I don't know, you know, CSPG is like Cookie Showers posh gang, you feel me? So it's just like posh gang, posh god, you feel me?


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[Assistant] Yeah, that's, that's, that's a, that's a big homie tub guy. Right. Tubby. For everybody who doesn't know, that doesn't know tub guy.


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[Assistant] Yo, it's dope. It's, it's just the homies lofty, you feel me? Posh and Nott, Ruben Slick, Bree Slick, you feel me?


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[Assistant] Shit, since we were like, 13? Like 6th grade type shit.


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[Assistant] Nah, we, we linked up, like when we were like, we were mad young, and then, we kinda went to like, we all had like, separate schools and shit, so we were all like, basically just like, always linking up, you know? Uh-huh. Like in, uh, Lofty and Slick, they went to military school, so they dipped.


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[Assistant] So we'd always just keep linking up and like exchanging like music or art and shit.


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[Assistant] Yeaah, we didn't know like what the fuck this shit was called or anything. Right. It was just like, you just linked up with your homies and you made shit in the back of the classroom. Right. You know? Like we, like Robby used to make beats and bring them shits into class and like people would just be freestylin' and shit.


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[Assistant] Yo, I think we just heard, uhm, the 50 Cent and, uh, the game, Hater of Love Edition. Oh, wow.


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[Assistant] Yeah, that was like, it was like that era, era, you feel me? Right. Like, M&M. Right before games split off from G-Unit, yeah. Like, Halo 3, 6, Mafia.


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[Assistant] You know, I don't think that shit really is a product, you feel me? I think it's like, it's so, it's like a universe, you feel me?


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[Assistant] Yeah, I don't think it's even a genre, cause it's like, it's cyberpunk, you feel me? It's like, you know, it's very different, you feel me?


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[Assistant] Yeah man, I mean, I drop like, you know, like I drop mad tapes, Lofty drops mad tapes, Slick would be dropping mad tapes, we work on mad albums and shit, you know, like we help like...


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[Assistant] You know what I'm saying? Like me and Poshanaut and Lofty, we would, we helped like Denzel and shit put together his record and shit. You know what I'm saying? We always come, come together from like, I don't know, doing different shit, just not even like Metro Zoo shit, you feel me? It's just like all the homies.


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[Assistant] To work together or what? Exactly, that's why it was crazy, like, we went to the pink house and shit, and it was like the last time before, like, you know, sick, you know, whatever. Right. So like, it was just crazy, like, to have everybody, like all of us in the same spot, you know, like, it was crazy.


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[Assistant] Yeah, because, you know, we be traveling and shit. Yeah, yeah. You know, we be doing shit, we be doing shows and sliding and traveling, you feel me? Right. And driving and shit. So it's, you know, it's, it's not like, you feel me, having four motherfuckers.


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[Assistant] It was like a year. His birthday just passed, yo. Okay. And you're expecting him to get-


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[Assistant] Oh yeaah man, I have faith, you know. I think he'll be out soon.


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[Assistant] Yo, growing up in Rubio, he's like the funniest motherfucker, yo. He's like this shit.


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[Assistant] Yo, he definitely put me on much game. Okay. Feel me? Swag me out. He's the oldest, right? You feel me? He's the oldest, right? Yeah, yeah, he's, he's, he was like a grade older than us. Than me when I was in school with Robbie. So like, with Lofty, you feel me? So it was always cool. He was always giving us mad game and shit. Right.


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[Assistant] Like, I don't really give a fuck, like, I'm gonna dress fresh, you know? I'm gonna skate in Gucci's. Right. Cause it's fun. You had Gucci shoes when you were in elementary school? No, like in, like probably when I was like 18 or 19. How'd you come up on Lutz?


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[Assistant] Nah, I didn't buy any of the books. What did you do? You borrow them from people or? Bro, I just finessed, yo. I was swagger, I don't know. Just like, had a homie in the class, just shared the book. Right. Or just like, you know, paid hella attention. Right. As much attention as you can. Wow. But I only did one semester, yo. I was just like, fuck this shit. I don't wanna go to school.


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[Assistant] You know what, it actually didn't, I don't think it did anything. Really? It just was like, it was nothing, you feel me? I didn't feel any different, I was just like, yo, these are just sneakers. Right. You know what I'm saying?


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[Assistant] You know, that's why I just skated with them and just like, you know, painted with them and shit. Yeaah, cause it became every day and I was like this is every day.


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[Assistant] I'm, I'm pro Nike life. Okay. I know about Nike, I know Nike life.


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[Assistant] Yeah, his house is mad nice to just make shit at. Like his old crib and- Yeah, he came to my crib like a couple months back.


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[Assistant] Yeaah man, it was mad tight to just, you know, be vibing out and making shit. Cause at least, you know, be hella productive. You know what I'm saying? Just not doing shit. Not going out to some boring ass party.


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[Assistant] Because that's the one that people always talk about. Yea, I think like that was really big. Like for uh, what's the, like, I don't know. The like spreading the internet. Right. Spreading through the...


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[Assistant] Yeah, we're just like, that, that record was the, that was... That's just timeless bro. Yeah, it's very timeless.


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[Assistant] I think so, cause there's other records that came out before that I think are equivalently as good that people might not even know about. Right. Cause they just like, they're like in this weird sector of the cyber world. Right. You just can't just go and find Metro Zoo's first album, you know? Right. You know what I'm saying?


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[Assistant] Because it's like, yo, we, we, we basically were unfiltered since the, since Jits, you feel me? Right. So we had MySpace, Facebook, and what was it? Yeah, that was it. Yeah, Face, it was like, it went from, it went from MySpace, and it jumped into Facebook, you feel me? Yeah. But yeah.


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[Assistant] I'm not going to lie, I'm not going to lie, it was mad dope, but I don't want to say I don't miss it, because obviously you know you're going to miss something, you know whatever it may be, but like I'm really happy for where


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[Assistant] Like everything is now, you know? Because I feel like that shit was so cool to like experience, but I feel like everybody's experiencing like


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[Assistant] A richer flavor of life right now, you feel me?


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[Assistant] I feel like my life and the homies like close to me, you feel me? Why I like, you know, came up with and shit from Metro Zoo, C9, feel me, everybody in the Miami, you know.


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[Assistant] Like, I feel like everybody's just like, okay, they got, they know they shit now and just like, this is what we do now, you feel me? I feel like, I don't know, it's gangster shit. Like I said, like, I'd rather chill with Denzel now than Denzel when he was a jit. Like, you know what I mean?


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[Assistant] No, bruh, our basil is cool, but it's complete crazy shit. It's fucking crazy. There's dope shit there.


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[Assistant] Yeah, yo, so you get hella relaxed, so shit like that, it doesn't really faze you. It's nice art though, yo. Like when I was a Jit, when this first started, like in 2006, I feel like one day I went there, like my homies were just like, yo, it's Sunday, like let's go.


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[Assistant] You know, fucking this area called the design district, which wasn't even shit. Right. You know, we went there, it was like, okay, cool. Like graffiti and like, I was like, yo, this shit is mad dope. That shit inspired me to be honest. Shout out to Art Basel. Right. To be real. Cause they, they, this company called Primary Flight. Shout out to Primary Flight.


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[Assistant] They fucking, they like started like that whole shit in Windwood, like getting, getting that shit popping like with


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[Assistant] Mad people like auger and shit would go like right and shit, like I don't know, mad dope ass writers and shit. Everybody from around the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, it definitely is though, but it's like, I don't know man, it's mad cool though, cause like, a lot of people from around the world now go to Miami and then like, crazy dope shit happens, you feel me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know, like, I don't wanna ever say, like, aw, it ain't the same as it used to be. It's like, it is what it is, you know what I mean? Right. Like, you know, but still, like, people like Phil would never go there. I mean, probably go there on a regular ass day. You know what I'm saying? So it's like cool that there's like a...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yo, like, it was cool, yo, like this, like, alright, so check it, so Art Baszle, they had this show called Three Points, and then they had King Kruel come through, and King Kruel's the homie, you feel me? So I was like, yo, shout out to Art Baszle, you know, cause they brought out King Kruel and like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chill with King Cruel in Miami, you feel me? That's super rare. Yeaah. You know what I'm saying? So it's like, shout out to Art Basil for-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is like 2012, yo. There's a video out there. This is many years ago. Yea, it was cool though, it was nice. Then we went to London after that shit. Like the day after our Brazil, we just dipped to London. Right. Or Paris. I don't know, I forgot which one it was. Phil, we're back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nah bro, I totally fuck with, I fuck with Phil though because you know, nobody's, you can't base anybody on their, you know what I'm saying? Like you can believe whatever the fuck you want bro. Yeah, nah. It doesn't matter to me, like you know what I'm saying, like it doesn't affect- Yeah, we're still living, we're still breathing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is what I was saying, I was like, yo, do I go to a- and the thing is like, yo, I went in there totally like, shout out to friends with you, but they like, they took me knowing that I didn't know shit. They were like, okay, let's see what the fuck you do, and they like, they-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel like so much shit gets solved by YouTube and Google. That's like, I don't know man. I don't know. I don't know where I'm going with this. But yo, I've learned hella shit off of Google and YouTube than I would going into class.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, alcohol is nice, you feel me? It's nice to have a beer, some shit, some beers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, yeah, you eat a lot of it though. It's like a handful, you feel me? Yeah. It's like, you know like chewing, like you know like chewing tobacco? Or you know how you put it in your mouth and shit? Yeah. I've seen it. You know what I'm saying? You know what I'm saying? Like you don't like put it like, you're not like, you gotta put that shit to the side. Yeah, you just tuck that shit in. Yeah, it's like mad Indian swag. Yeah. It's cool shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, shout out to the bass guy. Yo, for real though. Even if I, even if I said that I had more tapes than the bass guy, I still would say the bass guy is dope. Right. Cause the bass guy is fucking dope.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess, you know, it's like, you know, I don't know. There's a hell of different varieties of, of variation of everything, you feel me? Right. So, it can exist in the, in the larger, you know, as, you know, the larger. It's for those who know. Bigger picture, you know what I'm saying?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like when you see even like the recent like crazy albums that Future dropped and shit, he was just dropping like tape after tape after tape after tape.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yo, that's why I wanna just like keep making as much music as I, like I always, I always tell myself like, yo I wanna make an album, I wanna make an album. But like, I feel like I just keep making hella like tapes and shit. Uh huh. Whether it be B-tapes or shit and I'm just like, yo.