[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] About 60% and it's going to be consolidating for many months, similar to this over here in this wedge, similar to what happened over here, right? Bitcoin. And then people are going to be like, it's the bottom, it's down 60%. See, I told you in this, in this new super cycle, and then there's going to be a capitulation event.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bitcoin is going to dump and it's going to go down 80, 85%.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's going to take everyone out and then we're going to be setting up towards our cycle low over here, 15 months, the next having we're going to be there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can't put up more collateral, you're gonna lose your collateral.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very, very, very, very dangerous. Unless you can pay back the money, right? Unless you can pay back the money that you borrowed. I think that we're gonna see...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As this occurs, because it's going to occur, it's going to affect the bear market in a different light that we haven't seen before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And all we could say or just like be aware of it today. I have no idea how it's going to unfold, right? I never thought we would see interest rates at double digits this cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Preston said it, I was like, what? And I'm looking at them rising right now, that's interesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought that stable coins would go down in price, right? Maybe during the bear market, they're, they're like at six, six to 8%. That would be great, but are they going to go up as well? Why is tether rising in yield? That's a, that's a warning sign right there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If, if, I think that's a warning sign. To me it's a warning sign. Anyway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What else, uhm, what else, bear market, what about corporations?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What about corporations? Corporations, I believe, will be able to, uh, micro-strategy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No question about it. But what about institutions?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They can't, they can't take that type of drawdown. Right? What, are we going to see institutions blowing up? I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're gonna lose their bitcoin. There are no bailouts with bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are no bailouts with Bitcoin. If you make a mistake, if you're an institution and you, you make the wrong trade, you lose your Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? So it's going to be interesting. And are the institutions going to put a cap in the price of Bitcoin during this bull market phase? Or are they actually going to cause a massive spike down?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know. No one knows. No one knows. But what I do know is that there is, because of this coded monetary system, there is this four year cycle, and to date this four year cycle is held.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm gonna follow it until I see signs, which is why I do what I do every day and following the markets as closely as I do. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First sign something's different for me at this point in time, it would be...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not, I don't believe we're gonna see hyper bitcoinization this cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it happens, right? If I saw that Bitcoin was trading above, uh, $300,000 in, in, um, and let's say, oh, let's say I did it right over here in the video. Let me see what I wrote. Let's press then.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? If I see that Bitcoin is upwards of $400,000 in September, I'll reconsider whether or not we're having a super cycle. If I saw a price trading higher than it should be, I would say, okay, maybe something's different.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would reconsider. I'm 97% confident, right? Which is more than my 5-7% allocation at the peak. At the peak of the Bitcoin bull market, I will keep 5-7% of my Bitcoin. That could change 7 months from now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? And I think that's generous because I think that I'm 97% confident we're going to see the bear market cycle that is going to be a full bear market cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Appreciate that brother, because I don't know. I'm just, you know, I'm just talking about what's interesting for me, what I need to do to continue to make the investments and the trades that I need to make. Uh, and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is 250 a super cycle? No. A super cycle, Thomas, is when Bitcoin basically reaches hyper Bitcoinization, when all of a sudden everything starts being priced in Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you're not gonna see, like, when Bitcoin's trading at upwards of a million dollars, you know, at that point, you're no longer gonna see these large swings in the price of Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To the upside and downside. Where Bitcoin ultimately ends up, I have no idea. You know, I'm focused again. I'm focused right here. Right here, this is where I'm focused. This is why I'm always in the flow, more accurate than anyone I know on Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is because I'm focused on what's happening now. It's fun to have these different types of thoughts experiments and how they follow in. For me, the bigger signal is what's going on with the central bank banking system.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Easy monetary conditions and you can see that it's showing in the price of Bitcoin over here as we are definitely outperforming the pace of the last cycle. The last cycle would have picked out at $280,000, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think we're going higher. Where that will be, we'll find out. Thank you, Kenneth. Thank you. Yeah, definitely. And it's just...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Heath is the ultimate wealth. That's a beautiful comment. Heath on trade talk. That's a beautiful, beautiful comment right there, Jordan. That's all, that's beautiful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, coppers are a good trade, you know. Commodities are a good trade, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of guys that are focused in on commodities, a lot of nickel, I don't, I'm not talking about the interview I showed with you the other day on Real Vision, uh, no, it was on, on Cambridge Institute, and it was the guy who was a nickel and a copper trader, right? And he didn't, he missed Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He missed it. He's like, yeah, I traded in Bitcoin in the Bitcoin. I made some trades on Bitcoin. If you understand Bitcoin, then you're, then you're, you're all into Bitcoin at this point in the cycle. There's no question about that. Otherwise you don't understand it. And if you're interested in, in, in these other commodities, you know, oil or anything else, you know, uh, we'll talk about that in a second. Talk about that in a second, Garcia. Um, we'll talk about it right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do I think that QE will affect the bottom of the cycle? You know, if they start tightening at the bottom of the cycle, what policy is going to look like?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's hard to tell, uh, several months out, nevertheless. For the several months out, I could say there's no, there's, there's no chance that the Fed is going to be tightening. The only risk right now is that there's more spending than we, than we foresee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the, that's the risk right now. Right now we're looking at, uh, massive, uh, amount of inflation, real inflation. People are, are, are seeing it everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if they start doing more stimulus, more type of even, uh, UBI, more type of direct stimulus payouts in 2000, in this, in this next 12 months, or if they start like spending more on, uh, green energy initiatives or, or whatever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At that point, uhm, it could be dangerous. And then we could really start seeing inflation pick up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, we don't, I, we'll get into it as we need to get into it. If we start seeing that happening. Is there any chance of them pulling back?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the next year, not even a question. During the bear market, what the monetary policy is, we'll figure that all out. It's still gonna, what I'm looking at as signal is somewhere around, around, I have no idea, 2023, the digital dollar being introduced, right? Uh, it, it looks like Bitcoin has the old clear. It looks like Bitcoin has the old clear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How central bank digital, is that going to be super bullish for Bitcoin itself as well? As more and more people are just born into the adoption of digital currencies. If, if all currencies are digital at that point, don't you just then, uh, fully accept Bitcoin and even learn more about what it is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen, I don't know. Those are things we'll figure out as we get into them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, Bitcoin, is it time to buy Bitcoin right now? That's the question.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, listen, uh, Bitcoin priced in dollars, if we see massive inflation, it'll be, there'll be massively high prices. When I talk about, you know, a million dollars and above, who knows what that could look, look like. And it depends on a lot. Just don't be worried about that. Be worried about how many Bitcoin you own.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? How much bitcoin you own? Do you own, uh, .2 bitcoin? I mean, you're on your way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? You know, what's your goal? I have no idea. Does it, but think in terms of how much Bitcoin you own rather than what that price and fiat is going to be, which is going to be significantly higher, right? If the dollar inflates. All right, let's take a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that up again? This is unbelievable. This is not even real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Silvergate is definitely like, it's, it's, it's the one, it's the one public market altcoin. There's no question about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? You guys definitely bought Silvergate to my attention. Uh, listen. Man, this is like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Square went back in, in, in early 2020 when I was all over Square, it was all over my radar. I didn't take a position during the pandemic, that was the time. That's one, definitely missed that. I see Silvergate happening, similar, similar, similar thing. This is the bank, right, of BlockFi, the bank.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, I was wondering why Silvergate seemed so familiar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? How many wires made the silver gate? Uh, as well as other people. And it's not that, it's cracking and...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel like it's worthy. You know? I feel like it's worthy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's, that's what I, I mean that's, that's how you gotta talk, that's amazing. That's, that's a, that's amazing right there. That's awesome, that's a, that's a 50x. Right? That, no, that's not a 50x, that's a 25x.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's a 25x going on. That's amazing, my brother. That's amazing. Right? And, and it's just a question of like,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 0.5 Bitcoin, right? Can get up up next to 0.55 Bitcoin. Right? It's all about increasing the Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, don't think about terms of dollars. That's going up. And the way that we accumulate more Bitcoin by the way is playing that cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the way that you accumulate ma- From here to here, this 12 months, a massive amount of money can be made positioning correctly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then getting into that cycle to do it all again. I have no idea the prices that we're going to be talking about in the next cycle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But uh, you know, if we're talking about $250,000 Bitcoin, you know, $400,000 Bitcoin now, you know, I think that's a little generous. We'll see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, we'll see. $300,000 Bitcoin? Those are dizzying. What will the next cycle be? I don't know. We'll figure it all out. Uhm, let me, let's take a look.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so, you know, is there any signs that you should not be continuing to push this trade here after this multi-year trend line break, this beautiful price action, and this just basically a barometer that we're seeing right now for the current monetary policy? You know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looks good. Australian dollar, US dollar by the way, could that be trading? Is that headed towards trading? Back, I remember back in 2008? What was it, 2010?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hold on one second, 2008. Did we briefly touch a dollar in 2008?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't remember if it was 2008 or it was 2010, more likely it was 2010 when I was tracking this. I remember, I remember, I don't remember what it was trading at, somewhere around 80 cents, knew how high this thing was going. I feel like a similar situation is developing right now, right? I don't, I don't think we're in a bubble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think we're going to eventually be in a massive bubble. We were in a massive bubble. That bubble popped. Right? The pin reeled and it smashed. But it's not like it caught us off guard. We were actually all over that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All over that, only other one, only one other place I know that was Macrovoices.com, Macrovoices podcast on YouTube or wherever. The only other, the only other person or place that I know that was all over that as we were, as that was unfolding, right? So anyway, let me,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me thank you for adding so much. Eric, thank you for adding so much. Each and every one of you. Each and every day. Thank you so much for making this so special. Appreciate that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, we got 2k watching. If you're new here, welcome. I'm so glad that Google Adleroom has bought you here. It's abs- I'm so happy for that. And I look forward to sharing more with you. Yeaah, this is so right Jordan. Big shout out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, uh, to Heath, so active each and every day on the Discord, on CTM, right? Brandon, amazing content, along with Heath, I mean, I've...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listen, as these guys got started launching their channels, I made it a point to really focus your attention on there. If you go to my YouTube channel, you'll see two featured channels. It's only those two guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they've worked with me, right? They're part of CTM, right? They see the markets and then they build on it to give it their own, their own.


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[Assistant] The way that they see things, the way that they're able to, to approach the market and profit from it. The amount about Stefano, you're just the same. Thank you so much. I'm so glad that you're all you give. And so many, so many Tom going ahead on his own time and just putting this all together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Brad building the website for us. It's all amazing. You're all amazing. Jordan, for building other people up. Thank you, Jordan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you for taking the time to acknowledge the value, uh, each and every day that, that everyone does helps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I don't know, Danny. It's a good question. Danny's, you know, I can't answer that. It's, I've seen a lot of, uh, housing channels, real estate channels, like the Graham Stephan show. I don't know if you've ever seen Grant Stephan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you know, and this guy's a real estate broker and now they're talking about Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And cryptocurrency, right? And, uh, housing market, what happens when, uh, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of people are in a lot of trouble, including landlords who are not collecting rent. A lot of people can't pay their rent. People are not returning to work. Jobs are not being created. The Fed is saying they're not gonna tighten policy until a certain amount of jobs are created. The odds of that happening are zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the way, technology is uber-deflationary and technology will continue to take jobs away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In math, in a, at a massive speed, right? As we enter this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Covid pushing everything up, you know, 10 years or quicker. Everyone now working from home. It's a new, it's a new thing. Uhm, what's gonna happen to the housing market? I don't know. I don't know if the government's gonna further step in, right? If the government steps in, there's gonna be a lot more debt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? We're gonna see, or are we gonna see people suffer more than they are right now? Are people gonna be, I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 2021 could be very interesting for the housing market. The housing market seems like it's extremely overpriced in most areas except for, and I think the housing market's coming back on the high end in New York, probably also in LA and San Francisco, where we'll be starting to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? But you, you have this massive amount of money sloshing around. It's gotta go somewhere. It's gonna go even into oil. Even with the green energy push, it's going into oil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So of course it's going to go into real estate, but people can't afford housing. What happens? What breaks? I don't know or when or how to time that, you know, I don't know how to time that. And it doesn't feel anything to me like, by the way, without knowing what I was doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without knowing what I was doing, I was all over the housing peak. Back, back as early as, you know, 2005.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People telling me I own real estate. Anyway, I didn't really understand the markets even remotely close to the way I do now. That was kind of like lock, but either way I was in the right place at the right time. I don't see it right now, you know, and that asset bubble looks like it's going to continue to continue to blow up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I thought I could make more money in all coins...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Haunts? It's a great question. Cause then we started this video off with Bitcoin's 50,000.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's get the S&P off the chart. Let's just put up a chart of Bitcoin really quick as we have a discussion that I think is really, really important over here from Hans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, so Hans, the question is, right, Bitcoin's 50,000, Ethereum, wow, Ethereum's, uh, 1,800, it's all too expensive, I need to find an altcoin that's gonna pump. Right? I, I mean...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, does, does Ethereum have a 5, 6, 7 X in it here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when I say that is that the, is that like the expected minimum? And if you understood that, right, and then you understood how to trade with leverage,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? And, and, and there's a video over here that we did, Bitcoin Lightly Leverage. Masterful. So helpful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's my only question. If you're, if you're looking up, if you wanna, like, if you are techie and you're interested in the tech,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you want to be involved in what's going on in Ethereum, in Cardano, in the DeFi space. Do you understand how to use Uniswamp and all this? And that's great. And that's fun. And that should be like a hobby and you should be doing your research and you should be taking positions in what you know and understand. Right. But speculative positions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uh, could you do those lightly leveraged if you know what you're doing and how to do that? So you're using even less money, you know, for that speculating? Yes, you can. You have to know what you're doing though. But if you, if you understand what's going on with Bitcoin, right, and you could buy a fraction of a Bitcoin, right, you could buy a thousand dollars worth of Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because when we talk about, or Hans, when it was just talked about, uh, earlier, you know, started with a thousand dollars, now have a half, half a Bitcoin, right? That's, I don't know when, when, when he joined the channel, when he started, but he started with, with a thousand dollars worth of Bitcoin, now has a half a Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, that's, that's a 25X in, within the year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that's just getting started. By the end of the year, Bitcoin's looking at another five. You're talking about dizzying numbers. So, you gotta be, you know, it's about Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It really is for me. That's, that's the only trade that matters. I think you could accomplish on Bitcoin the same thing you could accomplish anywhere else. But I do believe that really, uh, the space is absolutely fascinating. There's so much to learn. And if you're the type of person who wants to even, you know, build their own rig,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, for whatever, or I guess the times of mining Ethereum are over. Ethereum obviously more profitable to mine than Bitcoin for, for the, since I've known for, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since I've known, uh, you know, I never was able to mine Bitcoin off, off a GPU. So, and I never had any type of ant miner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So uhm, because it's more profitable simply by Bitcoin. They invest in the mining equipment and everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's fine, if you're into that type of stuff, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And anyway, there we go. I hope that answers your question, Hans. It's a safer, Bitcoin is, is in my opinion, I'm very risk adverse. I take on more risk than any of you, but I'm super risk adverse. Right? And Bitcoin is the safest trade in my opinion, understanding the risks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's awesome Eli. That's, I mean, my, my hope is, you know, my hope is to be able to leave my kids something where they could know and understand money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, really, and, uh, Eli, I'm interested to know what are the resources you're following, what you're doing, how you're learning. That's amazing that you're here. That's amazing that you have the mental awareness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know what type of intelligence it is, but to be able to be investing your time here, that it's, it's such, it's so low time preference that it's ridiculous. And I admire that so much because very few, uh, younger people have that. So you're going to make a huge difference here. I know that. So what else are we looking at?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So one thing about alts, one thing about as, as I wanted to continue on Hans's question though, one thing that's fascinating to me on alts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cause yea, I'm all about what, you know, not getting caught up in something, but being about where the opportunity is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is, this section over here, I've showed all of you this. This is Ethereum Bitcoin, but this is during the cycle peak of Bitcoin in December of 2017. This is a 30-day window, and this 30-day window alts to simply obliterated Bitcoin. It happened across the board.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, so is this something over here as we get towards the top of this cycle peak that people might want to get out of their Bitcoin trading for a small


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For a small, you know, I don't know what type of trade, a small window, a 30 day window trade or less, right? 20 day, 30 day trade window over here. And look for, you know, a massive, uh, opportunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, that's one thing to think about, you know? Uh, and also do know that this was occurring also for the last few months going into that last month peak where all coins were getting obliterated by Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I'm seeing that occurring again, as we come into September, if I'm seeing that Bitcoin has been running all summer against all coins and the pain is real out there, all those that were invested in all coins trying to get more Bitcoin are losing their Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I might say, alright, this is a place that I want to set up to attack. I'll then be looking on how I would position into that trade. And I would be doing it, uh, you know, with CTM for sure. But that's fascinating for me. That's fascinating me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Riot, I've seen it come up a couple of times. I don't really like to look at things like that. I kind of focus on what I think I need to focus in on. So wow, that looks like Silvergate in many, many ways. That looks like Silvergate. You know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I guess, I guess, I guess I assume a lot of you are holding this in your 401ks. You guys know more than I know about it. You know, uh, it's going parabolic. That's, I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, but, and that's my, that's our job, just to educate people about money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, educate people about, about Bitcoin. About, about what it takes to build a future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, Hans, and that's, it's funny because there are people that have been watching for a long time now. Many, many since March and April.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when this channel started to grow, many, since we first started,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There used to be 30 people here for months every day doing the exact same thing we do now. And it's grown and it's become a whole new experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uh, each day more and more people are able to kind of join us. The people that are able to spend the time and invest the time in themselves. It pays off in an enormous real way. I've never seen anything else like it in a different environment. It's beautiful. Yeaah. I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, if, by the way, uh, you know, GPTC in, in your 401k, the way that I'm doing it is I'm riding out the whole cycle, not trading at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Riding out the whole cycle. As I'm exiting Bitcoin, please someone even remind me. GBTC, it's time to exit, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but you know, I will exit for the bear market. I will position accordingly for the bear market. And then I will accumulate again at the time to accumulate to do this all again and run the, and run the cycle. There's a cycle in Bitcoin. It's a four year cycle. It's caused by the having of the miners, miners reward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every 10 minutes, you know, what they get, the reward in Bitcoin they get for confirming the Bitcoin, the hot, the most amount of hash power in the world behind the Bitcoin network.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the immense value behind the world's largest decentralized network. The most computing power. It's absolutely enormous. Uhm, and there we are. There we are. So we almost made it, by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We almost made it. Celsius, so whether it, there, there are many other lending platforms and I assume that there are going to be many other, many other, including, including, and I've looked at it before, but it's, I don't want to lose my bookmark. So including a hodl hodl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This one is decentralized. It's very small. Adam Back tweeted about this. Adam Back tweeted about this months ago. That's what brought my attention to it. I started following it. The market right now is really too small.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it won't be. Uh, and this, you kind of, you could, you hold your own keys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You hold your own keys while you're lending out Bitcoin. It's decentralized and this is why I say Bitcoin is the largest decentralized blockchain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only decentralized cryptocurrency. There's talk of Cardano becoming decentralized soon on the launch of their main net. I don't know if you guys were doing a good job explaining to me. There's a comment I highlighted. I'll share it with you tomorrow morning, giving a rundown of what that looks like. I don't know anything about it, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I don't know, I don't, I just don't know about it. But I do know about Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. So either which way, uh, I forgot where that was taking me. Oh, other lending platforms. HODL HODL. Uh, yeah. And also Celsius is another one and I'm sure they're going to be many others. And I'm sure people are going to want to spread their risk out instead of holding the, all their funds, you know, with, with BlockFi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe with, with, you know, Celsius also, maybe eventually not using any other third party.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But holding your own keys and doing it with hodl hodl, that seems like, you know, something, we'll see what happens. There's a lot happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Conquer trading stupid? I mean, that's a weird word to use. You're calling me stupid son.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it stupid? I don't know, I got, I got five kids, one on the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't have the liberty to make stupid mistakes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, let's look at some, some Forex pairs, Danny. Let's look across the board. I want to put in a good session. So when I talk about cross pairs, by the way, what I'm referring to is any other pair that is not the Japanese yen or the US dollar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So when you see like two pairs that does not include the US dollar or Japanese yen, I call that a cross pair.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, my terminology could very well be very off as I'm just, I'm self-taught. I kind of just have done things my own way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And uhm, you know, I guess it shows. I don't know though, but I can see over here, this is consolidating. Uh, you know, it's not interesting right now. So I'm going to keep, I'm going to look for things that are interesting. I'm going to look for things that are interesting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, proof of stake, proof of work, big debate. I mean, I'm a, I'm a proof of work kind of guy. Y'all know that, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't, I, I don't know how to trade. Remy, you could trade options on, on, on Debrit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? But man, unless you're, I've never traded an option in my life by the way, unless you're an expert and know exactly what you're doing, do not trade options or you're going to lose your money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, if you want to take the time to learn about options and then apply the same, uh, price action principles that, that I apply, that I teach in my course, you know, you'll do fantastic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you have to understand, uh, and in Bitcoin, you can check out Debrit. There, I'm sure there are tutorials. Uh, that's not, that's, I don't do it. Shout out to all the dads out there, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's see. Alright, Australian dollar, Swiss franc. Nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Australian dollar, Japanese yen. Okay. This continues to be interesting, right? I'm seeing the breakout above that last resistance. Looking forward to be confronted to support that could come down to the eight hour. I could see it starting to pull back. This is already giving me possible set up criteria. Has the Japanese yen run too far?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has the Japanese run too far or is it just getting started? Questions we're going to look at right now. Let's see if Japanese yen is coming into resistance on other pairs, right? And on the Australian dollar Japanese yen, it looks like we just broke above the resistance I was tracking. Is that the best resistance level that I had over there?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to bring this down a little bit to where the market just came into that resistance and broke above it. Right over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think price would be going a little bit vertical. I'm not really interested. I'd rather wait for a pullback closer down towards 81.13. Could that take possibly a week or so? Maybe. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joe, we might have different goals, you know? I, I got enormous goals. I really do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? I've had many financial goals. Now my goals are, you know, there's a lot of people who are suffering from these, these central banksters over here, for their monetary policies, for the inequality they have created. There are a lot of people out of work. There are a lot of people really who can't put foot on their people, who can't feed their kids.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? I have a lot of goals, a lot of things I need to accomplish here in order to be able to help as many people across the world with better lives. Right? That's the goal from the last sentence of my about section of this YouTube channel since day one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Am I going to do that by investing in Cardano right now? Maybe? Do I, what? No, no, no. I have, I have, I have things that I really need to accomplish. If you know of a more important trade than, than Bitcoin, then, then surround yourself by those people, right? And stick with them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? I'm focused on the markets. Right? And at this particular time in the market, there's nothing more important than the Bitcoin trade right now. Right? This is why, this is why Elon, the world's richest man,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tesla. What is the market cap of Tesla? It's enormous, right? Uh, what other companies are going to be doing that now? I don't know. Aren't you going to be taking positions in Cardano? I don't know. That seems highly speculative to me, right? And Charles Hotsk- wait, it's not decentralized because there's a person that actually, uh, the founder


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? That's, that right there is probably one of the biggest holes in the project right there. Not to cut down a project that you're interested in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? I think it's awesome if you're interested in. I'm here to speculate in the markets. So I don't really care about the project so much as what's happening on price and where I think it's going next. Watch out as the main let's la main let main net is launched. You might see a lot of volatility. Be careful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Satoshi? No one knows who Satoshi is. Right? At all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't bring Satoshi in. Charles Hopkins, that sounds like a security flaw right there. I'd be very careful what you're investing in. I would at least understand and have thought through the risks. I would, I would at least under and prove a stake, right? Do you believe that's better than proof of work and why?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, you have to understand what you're investing in, but like, listen, yeah, obviously not stupid. Obviously not stupid, right? You know, kind of weird you would use anyway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, that was, that was the one and only of the year. Sorry to get sidetracked over that. But it is important for other people to hear and understand because it makes them think, it helps them to understand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of people during all season, they get really drawn in, right? Is, is as we come in, by the way, let's, let's look over here at Cardano Bitcoin. Let's look at the past cycle where we were right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, is there another chart? What feed is this? Let's try...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What exchange might've had them? Biffenex? Bittrex? Let's check it out. Let's see how far they go back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same place. Same place. So I'm trying to look coming into, into the peak of the market over here. Right? So, it looked like, looked like it was just sideways, huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is that just sideways coming in to those, the couple of months, the two, three months before because it was just launched over here? You know, how long has Bitcoin been around?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Think about it. But either which way, if you're interested in Cardano, should you be setting up the trade this summer?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Coming into September, is that gonna be the time? And any other altcoin? By the way, I don't know, I got very sidetracked over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got, uh, yeah, I, you, you could look at Brandon's crypto trades and tech.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was a Cardano video that I watched last week. I was there for the live stream. Absolutely amazing. Educate yourself. Understand what's going on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But understand that there's always the hype going into the launch of a mainnet. That's what's occurring right now. Cardano was lagging.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prior to the, prior to the new year. And now it's starting to go ahead on that hype launch news. Go ahead and it's doing what it's doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There was something that I wanted FX. Let me come back to FX over there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most streamers, a lot of people are new and I have a lot of actually understanding and tolerance and compassion for that, right? Just, just, just let's be on the, let's be like on the up and up, right? When this channel started back in November.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] October 2019, I started the Bitcoin playlist, getting everyone's awareness and attracted to, uh, what was happening, the most important trade and why. If you would have been invested in any other, uh, anyway, here we are. Here we are. Thank you, Stefano.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That it also could be found at any time off the main page.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Off the main page of, uh, my YouTube channel Brandon's Crypto Trades & Tech.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're seeing, we're seeing some nice moves over here, whereas first the Australian dollar was appreciating, then a clear trend with the New Zealand dollar, back and forth. And now it seems to be coming down to some type of like a peak, right? Let's see if we could join any type of helpful broad strokes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it too soon? I don't know that it is or it isn't, right? But in doing that, I do see that if we get above this resistance over here, that horizontal resistance over here, it would become more interesting, uh, to be looking at a further continuation of the Australian dollar. But right now nothing of interest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right. I'm interested in seeing as we were looking at the Australian dollar, Japanese yen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blowing past that broken resistance, looking to confirm that support with no resistance above.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For quite a while, what that looks on other, uh, Japanese yen pairs. Right? So see the, the Japanese yen is coming into a bit of resistance over here on the Canadian dollar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? So of the two, definitely Australian dollar looks healthier right now. This looks like it's in very much no man's land. What about the Euro Japanese yen?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also into resistance, we looked at that kind of like megaphone, that trendline resistance it was coming into.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so I think Danny was saying he believes that's interresistance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the pound Japanese yen, I think that's what Danny was saying when he felt like the Japanese yen was coming into resistance across the board. Why I don't see it on the Australian dollar Japanese yen. I do see it on the Canadian dollar. I do see it on the euro and I do see it on the pound versus the Japanese yen. What about the New Zealand dollar Japanese yen also into resistance?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so there you go. So even though I noticed, yeaah, I was like, that looks attractive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's not coming into resistance, but at the same time, it needs to pull back. This would probably after, if we did see a pullback.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now, the candidate I would be most attracted to and notice everything else is into a strong level of resistance. Why this is just cleared above resistance. So it seems to be outperforming everything else on a relative basis. Pound Japanese yen is definitely still of interest to me and getting above this 147.15, right? That's really going to open up the next lap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's, it's, there's always work to do and there's a lot of supply in this whole area. So it's not like it's going to keep going straight up in my opinion. The trade might even open up a lot nicer, cleaner above 149.74.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Into again, ultimately targeting, not ultimately, maybe we would go higher. Maybe we break outside that trend line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe we, maybe we break outside this trend line, taking us back from the 2008 high, right? Touched again over here in 2015. What I'm targeting here in 2021, right? That's just the next, we'll watch what happens as we come into it. It's a profit taking event if it does, right? But a breakout above?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well then we gotta, you know, we gotta trade what's happening and as it's happening. So what else? So that's the Japanese yen. I see, uh, it's the, it's the time to back off a little bit. I saw the dollar destroying the peso this morning, right? I didn't know what that was all about and I still don't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the stock market's off. Stock markets are unchanged. They're off on the day. So I don't, I don't know what that's about, but that's something to pay attention to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, and, and also notice by the way that you have that like broke below that, that resistance came above it and now have flipped it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And turning that support, are we seeing a trend change taking place over here? And what does that mean? Even if the dollar continues versus other major currencies to go sideways?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And or depreciate? Is it, is it possible that we're going to see the dollar appreciate versus the peso?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why being weaker versus other things or what's, I have no idea what's going on, but that's something to pay attention to and I'll keep watching it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, that's more tracking the DXY, the doll that we looked at, which is just down and sideways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Down and sideways. I don't see any trade whatsoever. Nor do I on the US dollar Mexican peso. No trade involved. Right? One of the, this was a good trade we took this year. 22 and a quarter. Rode that down, right? Where did I take profit? Down over here at 19? 1990?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's going on now? I don't know. I'm just watching what's happening and we'll figure out what it means. Can we put any type of massive trend line over here like this? Do you see that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just interesting, and I don't know why it's happening, uh, so I'm gonna keep watching it until I understand it more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What else? US dollar pairs. US dollars going sideways. That's not interesting right now, right? Let's check them out though. Start with the DXY just to get that, that clarity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The XY is unchanged on the day, going sideways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Above this trend line, that might open up some activity for us. Some clarity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now we're just consolidating after a big move down, right? Is it going to be another leg down, uh, or, or up? We'll find out and we'll see. Right now that means that probably all US dollar pairs are a little less attractive. Let's check out the Australian dollar, US dollar, right? That was a profit taking day yesterday.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Into the resistance, right? 40% of the trade, right? Do you keep the stop loss at breakeven? Are you moving your stop loss now, leveling it up, stair-casing it up, putting it over here, below that last bit of local resistance, turn support, these last two lows, right? Seems like a good and safe place to do to lock in the rest of the trade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where do you give it the room to keep the stop loss at breakeven over here? Right? Even if you get stop loss at breakeven, you already took 40% off your trade. Is the Australian dollar commodities, commodity currency over here going to be able to break out versus the dollar? And if it doesn't, if the dollar breaks down and we still,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is it, you know, that's what we're looking at. So that's a choice that you have to make and an important one. There's no right answer. There's no right answer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me take a sip of the, of the blue bottle, blue bottle of coffee this morning by the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave, I follow the eight biggest Bitcoin YouTube channels daily. Nobody has more, been more correct on where, how to invest in Bitcoin than Jordan. Thank, thank, I mean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. It's all here on video. It's, people were saying yesterday, oh, cause last week I put out a couple of videos like that Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Masterfully, lightly leveraged, showing some of the what, what we've done over here, uh, across all the platforms, Twitter and YouTube. By the way, it's at JCL Capital on Twitter. There's a link below in the description.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just don't know them. I don't hang out in that Bitcoin world. I hang out in this CTM world of ours and uh, it's where I do my thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and it's still early enough, by the way, Thomas. It's still early enough that, uh, people could...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I could call up my family right now, and tell my brothers, listen,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should buy bitcoin right now. This is your last chance. I did it at 20,000. I was like, listen, I've been telling you and telling you and telling you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Uh, is this, is this another $50,000? Is that another phone call opportunity? It could be, you know, this is where it's going to begin. This is where we're going to start seeing the corporations piranha like fighting over that Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? Where it's gonna take us, where the speculation, and we will be in a bubble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we start going vertical, right, whether or not it's this fall or not, to September 21st, let's find out, you know, we're going to be going vertical and Bitcoin is going to be in a massive bubble. It's not in a bubble right now. It's underpriced right now. Right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and I think the most important thing anyway, whether it's, you know, we're just watching this consolidation taking place on Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? We know exactly that we need to break out to the upside to put it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're gonna break down over here and then we'll watch what happens next. But Bitcoin looking very bullish this morning at $49,000, $50,000. What else? What else?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was announced, this was announced a couple of months ago. 10% of his, of his liquid net worth. It's still a lot of money. Ricardo's a billionaire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've reached out to the slims and I, and you know, tried to get them early on invested in that, in the trade that matters. They don't understand it, you know, and they thought, oh, there's going to be something else that's better. What's going to, what's the next Bitcoin?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? What's the next Bitcoin? Has Cardano learned a lot from Bitcoin and Ethereum and therefore going to be better?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right? It's all season. It's what happens. It's beautiful. As long as you have that awareness of where to keep focused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, yeaah. Last time he raised money, he bought very soon. And that's only $600 million.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's only 600 million. He's, it's probably going to be oversubscribed. He'll probably raise more than the 600 million he did last time. Right? Uh, and you know, who else, who else is going to be the next corporation to raise cheap debt to buy Bitcoin? How about that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How about that? That's interesting. Will that happen? Does it even need to happen? People have looked at just if the S&P 500 were to put, you know, take a 1% or 10% Bitcoin position, what that would mean for the price. We're just going to keep tracking it. We're just going to keep tracking it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Build off of what you're saying though, by the way. So the thing about this is the shorter you go down the timeframe, right? Whether you're on the four hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if you're on the two hour over here, right? It looks like you can see things a lot clearer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The greater your chances of getting whipped around and whipsawed around and you're gonna lose money doing that, right? Raising your time preference, the 8 hour, that's a pretty low time, that's a pretty low time frame, I think, for Bitcoin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this point, but it's a good one to watch it. It's a good one to watch it. Just be careful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, this is, whether you're looking at the two hour right now, it's the same trend line over here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Same trendline support in this channel. This was the same resistance. This was drawn in here. I don't even know when we drew it in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But price peaked into our resistance this morning when I woke up and it already peaked into there. Come off a little bit, right? You gotta break above here for the next leg or if you break down. It doesn't matter if you're tracking that on the two hour or the eight hour or the, or the four hour, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't get caught up in those small price fluctuations. Uh, it could be really dangerous. So I've talked about in the three ways to trade Bitcoin during the bull market phase, one of the most important things, one long session, hour and a half.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for spending the time together, everyone. Thanks for spending the time together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's right. It's a model until it breaks. And does it look like it's going to break here? Are we going to see hyper Bitcoinization here at this particular time? I don't think the central banks are going to lose control of the system. Yet. I don't think they're going to lose control of the system yet. You know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, I think we have for sure this bull market and if we're, everyone here, anyone who's a regular listener, who's invested at the time, I'm, I'm sure they're as confident as myself that if for any reason things change and we do have a super cycle, that there's no question that I'm going to be aware of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As it's occurring before, before everyone else is really like, you know, really falling in tune to that and we're going to stay positioned accordingly. That's why we do what we do. That's why we do what we do. Alright everyone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wish I could go out with music. I don't know what went on this morning with the system not being able to play the music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you everyone for being here this morning, spending this time. I hope you could hear it ruffled. I hope you could hear the music ruffled and I'll try to fix that if I'm able.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Really looking forward to some more of your sessions. I really am, uh, and uh, thanks for that. I appreciate that the most. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jordan and you, thank you Jordan for building everybody up. Thank you so much to all the moderators. Thank you so much for everything you do. You have really helped this, uh, this whole community tremendously. Grateful for, grateful for you all, each and every one of you. Look forward to seeing you again in the morning. Talk to you soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Several hours of torture by saddle had not improved my temper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let him walk with me. I was damned if I'd speak to him, the sadistic, violent brute.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He didn't look particularly brutish in the light of the half-moon rising, but I hardened my heart and limped along, carefully not looking at him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My abused muscles at first protested the unaccustomed exercise, but after a half hour or so I began to move much more easily. You'll feel much better by tomorrow, Jamie observed casually, though you won't sit easy till the next day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what makes you such an expert? I flared at him. Do you beat people all that frequently? Well, no, he said, understood by my attitude. This is the first time I've tried it. I have considerable experience on the other end, though. You? I gaped at him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The thought of anyone taking a strap to this towering mass of muscle and sinew was completely untenable. He laughed at my expression, when I was a bit smaller sassanach.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've had my backside leathered more times than I could count between the ages of eight and thirteen. That's when I got taller than my father.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Aye, mostly. The schoolmaster too, of course, and Dougal, or one of the other uncles now and then, depending on where I was and what I'd been doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A quiet but infectious sound in the still night air. Well, I cannot remember everything. I will see I generally deserved it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't think my da ever beat me unfairly, at least. He paced without speaking for a minute, thinking. Hmm, let's see. There was once for stoning the chickens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then for eating all of the jam out of the cakes and leaving the cakes behind. Ah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And letting the horses out of the barn by leaving the gate unlatched and setting the thatch of the dove-cot on fire. Oh, that was an accident. I didn't do it on purpose. And losing my school books. I did do that on purpose, and... He broke off shrugging as I laughed despite myself. The usual sorts of things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most often though, it was for opening my mouth when I should have kept it closed. He snorted at some memory. Once, my sister Jenny broke a pitcher. I made her angry, teasing, and she lost her temper and threw it at me. When my da came in and demanded to know who'd done it, she was too scared to speak up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she just looked at me with her eyes all wide and frightened. She's got blue eyes like mine, but prettier, with black lashes all around. Jamie shrugged again. Anyway, I told my father I'd done it. That was very noble of you, I said sarcastically. Your sister must have been grateful. Aye, well, she might have been.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Only my father had been on the other side of the open door all along and he'd seen what really happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My father wasn't always gentle, but he was usually fair, Jamie said imperturbably. He said the truth is the truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And people should take responsibility for their own actions. Which is right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told Darryl I was out of town. That should buy us enough time to find silver. I have to go. Rad's almost here. Who is this Rad?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, this is your house. Charming, quaint.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not mine. This one. Much too pretty ahead to be found rolling around in the bottom of a basket.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What does it matter? Alack is called by many names.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Somehow I always knew it would be like this. Suddenly, without names, without warning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On account of your father, of course. His last words were...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sam? Yes, sir? See that they take all my bags on board, will ya?


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[Assistant] Very well, Mrs. Thompson. It's down. Now perhaps you'll tell me why it should be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Find somewhere to put my things, will you, Sam? Yes, sir. Well, what are we going to do now?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carolyn, may I present Kentucky's favorite barefoot boy, Mr. Dawson of Buffalo Bottom, Ms. Carolyn Bainbridge of Gramercy Park, one of our fairest flowers of society.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, Miss Bainbridge's career as a kitchen maid was only temporary. She'll assume a more important post as my wife very shortly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm vastly more interested in becoming a husband than an officer. I presume the two still go together?


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[Assistant] Why should you go back shipping? You've taken more than any of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And don't misunderstand me. It's not any lofty motive or patriotic zeal that makes you want to rescue old Broadbottom. Then what is it? It's pure selfishness. Carter's roasted, I'll be court-martialed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hope you're a better judge of land than you are of men. Otherwise you'd be settling down in a stone quarry. You're not going back to West Point?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't blame you, Mr. Shelton. It's been hard on you, sir.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By Gemini, he used to say, when that happens, we'll be a nation then. And he used to stand up and wave his arm like this.


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[Assistant] And say someday there'll be an academy here for the training of great men. Someday there'll be a school here to teach men how to fight and defend their country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, even when his best friend Benedict Arnold broke his heart. It was right over there. They were both having breakfast together when General Arnold got a message and skipped to the enemy. When General Washington found out, he stood still for a long time. And then he said, that's the first and last traitor this country will ever have. And he's been right so far.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello there, I'm John Oliver, host of Last Week Tonight. We're off this week for the 4th of July, but I wanted to make a video to wish everyone a happy Independence Day. Or as they call it where I'm from, July the 4th. And that's it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'd just like to take a quick moment to remind you of what you're missing out on by celebrating your independence. Because as you know, since 1776, you've done very well as a nation. But it might be worth thinking about just a handful of things that you gave up when kicking Britain unceremoniously out of this country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] British people never make the mistake of developing self-esteem, because no matter what we achieve, deep down we know we'll never be as good as the Queen. Which is to say, an elderly woman who frowns for a living. So, just take a moment on this July the 4th.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi everyone, my name is Paul Glick and today I'm going to be talking about embodied intelligence for extreme environments. I'm at the JPL, did my PhD back at UC San Diego, and as a little bit of extra background I've actually gotten to put, uhm, and work with robots in extreme environments, uh, through work as an ROV operator down, uh, with the Ocean Exploration Trust on the EV Nautilus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So as motivation that's going to underpin projects that cover both my work at JPL and back at my PhD work back at UCSD, uhm, talking a little bit about robotic exploration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So exploration is really fundamental to human nature. Uh, but now at this point, many of our best explorers are actually robots. Sending humans into the field has always been a challenge. Humans require food, sleep, and generally the nice conditions that it takes to keep us alive and breathing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But as you know, some of the challenges in these extreme environments, uh, include pressure, temperature, and radiation, often to very extreme levels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's an anecdote that at some point during, uh, sending robots into Fukushima after, uh, the incident there, the hardest part of that challenge was actually avoiding all the basically failed robots on the way in just due to the extreme radiation environment would fry a lot of the, um, computers and components.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the lab we're spoiled. We have the best computers, the best sensors, they're plugged into a wall. We have nice environmental controls over the lab and every, uhm, so we get to do all these advanced and great things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In reality, in the real world, uhm, as you put things further and further out into the field,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every sensor, every sensor, every actuator, every computer, uh, comes at a cost to the mission. That can be in terms of dollars, it can be in terms of mass, it can even be in terms of science return. If you have to heat an element versus use that same limited power to run your primary instrument, you potentially have direct, uh, cost there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So all of this puts premium on simplicity. It motivates how can we look at pre-programmed structures, baking intelligence into a mechanical design itself, to eliminate some of the need for fancy controls and, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm going to go over a few projects from my PhD research with an emphasis on soft robotics. You're all probably familiar with Hooke's Law, which is basically that the force is going to be proportional to the stiffness and displacement. So for a fixed force, there's this direct tradeoff between your stiffness and displacement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's typically this trade-off between strength and adaptability. So the stiffer a robot, you know, the higher loads it can support without deflecting, but therefore you have less room to actually comply and adapt with the environment itself. And then the performance is analogous to being, you know, the combination of those two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so again, if you treat your stiffness as a linear approach, you're gonna have a fundamental trade-off here between strength and adaptability. Uhm, but if you look more at, you know, how can we pattern and selectively choose where our compliance is,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How can we then leverage both strength and adaptability to get both parameters and increase our overall performance in these extreme environments?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first project here, put very simply, is how do you grip things in space? Uhm, this is a fun, uh, challenge, and fun being another word for difficult. Uhm, there's plenty of, uh, complicating features here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A lot of spacecraft are smooth, non-ferrous, you can't use magnetic approaches, you're in a vacuum, so you can't use any kind of suction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As well as having to avoid and be concerned about delicate surfaces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, you know, again, some of the best applications here are satellite service and repair, in-space inspection, and maintenance, and then de-orbiting space junk. Uhm, and in all those use cases, you potentially, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To look at this problem, we were motivated to look at basically two complementary technologies, uhm, looking at both elastomeric, fluidic elastomeric actuators and then gecko-inspired adhesives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They both offer some similar advantages and then, uh, unique challenges and special specialization as well. Uh, so the soft robotic actuators offer compliance at a, you know, fairly large size scale. Uhm, they have an innate ability to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Be simply controlled yet adapt to the shape of the object that they're gripping.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And similarly a lot of the, you know, fantastic echo adhesive, uh, research here, um, has actually similar properties but at a different size scale. The ability to adapt to microscopic roughness and through that process, um, exploit, uh, van der Waal forces and wrap and engage, um, and support high loads.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we looked at how you put these together and basically promote surface contact on an unknown object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Luckily, and to answer this question, we had a great pathway forward. Shigeo Hirosee researched this topic back even in 1977, looking at how do you maintain or achieve an even surface pressure distribution across an arbitrary object with a continuum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And basically making several assumptions, we're going to come back and look a little bit more at these assumptions later on, but for now, uh, we can just treat this as a good starting point. To achieve this goal, you basically need to have a, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but most of the models were if you take a design, then you can do work simulating and predicting what it will do. We wanted to go in the other direction, have a model simple enough that we could use it during our design phase to actually get the behavior that we were after, which again is that even, uh, you know, prescribed torque distribution. So we treated this, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Torque is coming from these individual discrete joints that are occurring where the faces of two adjacent, uh, joints are pushing together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To try to adhere to this model, we actually have to make and then design our robot to try to maximize these assumptions, which is assuming that the face is in contact, that the lever arm is a constant distance, that the area is constant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you'll see in this slide, there's of course problems with this modeling approach. It's far from perfect. Uhm, there's two main dependencies to cover. First is that there's a strong angle dependency.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you have joints that are separated by some angle, it takes further pressure and basically stretching of those faces to come into contact.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then, uh, the second is just the pressure itself. So as, uh, these faces are expanding, both their moment arm and area and contact are changing as well. So there's two main dependencies here, angle and pressure, uhm, and you can see their impact, but,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We thought generally this is not too far off and let's look at what this looks like over the entire gripper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, the behavior that we're after is maintaining contact. And what you see here in this slide are two different grippers with the only real difference being the internal structure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On the top in part A you see a gripper that has


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what you see is basically what you would predict, that as you inflate and increase the overall torque in the gripper on the top, uhm, the distal joints have enough torque, because they all effectively have the same torque, it has enough torque that it can then force off the rest of the finger, uhm, and you lose that contact that's required for engaging the adhesives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We validate this through looking at the real surface contact area, which is done through a, um, custom built, uh, cylindrical, uh, frustrated total internal reflectance sensor. So basically we have this edge lit polycarbonate tube in a dark room and using that, the only light that escapes is what's actually in contact with that surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we looked at the behavior and performance of the gripper with the gecko-inspired adhesives as a whole. You see a few interesting things at all size scales. The gripper performed better than the similar one without the gecko-inspired adhesives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other thing you see is a large dependence on the size of the object that you're gripping.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These adhesives have a very interesting property. Often we think of friction as being something that's load controlled. So the harder you squeeze it, the more frictional force you get. Uh, some of the, you know, magic of these adhesives is that they actually have adhesi- adhesion controlled friction. So you don't have to squeeze an object to be able to get this high adhesive force. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Interesting and great way to exploit this is by wrapping around an object, uh, you're creating these frictional forces tangential to that object at all, at all points along contact.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so what this means is if you're trying to grasp a, uh, cylinder, right, near the, uh, middle point of the cylinder, you have more forces that are pointing upwards. That can actually support vertical load. But as you get, uh, closer and closer to the top of that cylinder,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are a lot of cases that we found that you have a hybrid grasp where one finger is providing a normal force or enclosure support, and then the other finger is doing this, you know, surface adhesion and providing strength that way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next thing we did was we took our robot to the gym and saw how much it could lift. We had both a two and three finger version that we tested the maximum force on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a few interesting points here. So first you'll see comparisons to some of the other, uh, state of the art grippers at the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you'll see that the forces and loads that we support are similar if not higher, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And again, we're able to do this at low pressure. And that low pressure is key because uhm, it gives us two options, right? First is it maintains the flexibility of the grippers, that adaptation, which is the whole reason that we're pursuing this type of technology. And then the second is that uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's scalable, so if you want to increase your strength of the overall gripper, you need to scale your adhesive area, not necessarily the pressure and stiffness that you're putting into it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this point, we're interested in gripping, uh, entire satellites again for potential, uh, capture and refueling. Uhm, you can imagine it's much cheaper to potentially, uh, refill a propellant tank than send up an entire new spacecraft.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But capturing a satellite at this scale potentially motivates again a larger size and this had a few new design drivers that we wanted to look at as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So having something that was stowable and had sequential deployment again in the sequential deployment was towards being able to conform closely to an unknown surface. Uh, so first I'm going to cover, uh, how we


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So here you're gonna see the gripper, uh, conforming to an arbitrary object. This was a spare mirror mount that we found lying around a lab.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the way that we do this, you see it retracts the same, basically the reverse process. So this is a highly underactuated gripper. It looks quite different from the pneumatically actuated version you just saw in the previous set of slides.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's actually only one actuator per linkage. So we have a single grip tendon running through this linkage connected to a series of pulleys. And then we have a passive retract tendon attached to a constant force spring, uh, operating basically this, this retract.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you can see basically the simplified version on the right here is what these pulleys look like. So you have this retract spring providing a constant force and then uniform torque with all the pulleys the same size.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, trying to torque each joint backwards into the stowed configuration. And then you have a monotonically decreasing size pulleys on this grip side.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so as you provide more and more tension to this grip line, each link one at a time switches over from a net negative to a net positive torque, and it's gonna rotate until it comes in contact with an object.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you remember that torque distribution that I mentioned earlier, there are a few assumptions that were made to get that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But as you add, you know, the real world and practical joints and uhm, it gets quite difficult to make an infinite number of joints as you can all probably imagine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that some of that math does break down and basically this introduces uhm, a mathematical look at the stability of a gripper, where stability is defined on its tendency to push itself off a surface as you uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in reality, uhm, the contact location and joint angle have a significant impact on stability and the more joints you introduce, it often becomes harder and harder to stabilize graphs on


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's one big thing going in our favor that already dovetailed really perfectly with the adhesive work that we were already pursuing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, we were looking at this gripper as a way to engage and contact a surface, uh, and then engage the gecko-inspired adhesives. So how can we wrap around large arbitrary objects and then let the gecko-inspired adhesives do the work?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this led us to an interesting result, which is that the surface friction has a large and positive effect on stabilizing, uh, these grasps. Uhm, so there's a lot more math, but for the sake of brevity, I at least just want to show the results today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you can see, uh, basically this behavior on the top left here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The gripper right after the last link has come in contact and you can see the force that we have in the grip and retract tendons. As we apply more force in the grip tendon uhm, you see this loss of stability and the gripper pushes itself off this flat surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, there are two approaches that you can take. One is just purely mechanical by scaling these forces but keeping the torque profile the same. Uhm, you're able to maintain contact. The other is again by adding, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surface friction, so the, in the final, uh, figure here, D, you see the impact of surface friction with a little bit of tension in the gripper overall, uhm, provides a lot of extra stability and we're able to, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You also see some of the nice benefits of this style of gripper. Uh, so because again, it is quite compliant, gentle, uhm, its torque into the surface is not particularly high. Uh, it can wrap around arbitrary shapes without damaging them. We show that on gripping an arm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm now gonna take a little bit of a departure and start talking about coral reefs and, uh, growth as a robotic mobility process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We started this, this project not just as a robotics project but actually as an ecology project. We were approached by a group down at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who came to us looking for a way to be able to explore the inside of coral reefs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll do a quick plug for Mother Nature here. Uh, coral reefs are


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Incredible and very worthy of fascination. They represent just 1% of the ocean's seafloor but are home to 25% of all marine life. Uh, coral is alive and it's really a keystone for ocean ecology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the sad reality is that there's also a race against time here, uhm, with coral reef collapse and bleaching events. Uh, so we not only want to prevent those, but we want to understand their mechanisms to help, uhm, look at potential mitigations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, exploring a coral reef is a non-trivial challenge. It is a complex, dense, unmapped three-dimensional space, uhm, with tight cavities and abrasive, basically abrasive, uh, properties, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At a similar time as we were starting to look at this exploration, some great research was coming out of Stanford here in Vine robots, uhm, and we saw this as a potential solution for really a few key properties.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First is a simple deployment mechanism, so you're just controlling the spool, uh, the length of the spooled material, um, and then applying pressure, uh, and then additionally, it has an ability to squeeze itself through tight spaces and self-navigate through cluttered terrain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we basically built an underwater version. Uhm, we did a few things. We have our motor and electronics inside of a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Internal waterproof housing and then we have this larger, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Water flooded housing where we're basically just pumping in ambient water from around the environments we're using, uh, the resources that are already there, uh, and leveraging that to drive the growth of the robot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you can also see it's too soft to basically support itself. Once you apply a retract load, it buckles and curls itself up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course in free space this isn't so much of an issue, uh, because once buckled it will then proceed with its retraction, uhm, and in a confined passageway this buckling doesn't occur, which, uh, led us to a few interesting small studies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is that, again, the point of this work was to interact with its environment. And what we find is, of course, that, I mean, really what you're dealing with are inflatable beams and they have two main modes of buckling, either through axial loads or radial loads. Both have a strong dependency on the length of the, um, the beam.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so again, this lends itself well to operation in cluttered and crowded environments is that if you are interacting with the environment and that environment is causing to reinforce the structure of the robot itself, you can leverage that to support payloads over larger distances than you could in free space.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's one other problem as well, which is that in an ideal situation, you'd be able to navigate through a very cluttered space. Uhm, but in reality, if, especially if you're doing this in open loop, you have to face the challenge of trajectory condensation. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How can you solve that problem and still potentially navigate a core reef space in open loop?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My work here coincided with the start of the pandemic, so again motivating flexibility and being able to pivot to a computational approach to this problem. Uhm, so we looked at basically recursive branching as a solution to this, so uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, a path might be growing down a passageway that's going to end up in a dead end, but if you are deploying new material at new angles, you basically are able to avoid this trajectory condensation because you're not relying entirely on the obstacles you've already hit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other thing that looking at branching does is it gives us a richer design space so we actually can, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Attempt to optimize and improve our ability to explore an environment during the design phase, which again saves important resources and effort when in the field because that operations phase, if you're underwater and have a diver on a fixed supply of air, becomes a much more precious resource.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To do this and try to improve our performance on unknown environments, we looked at can you train on known examples and then use that, uh, basically learn something fundamental about the environment, improve your performance, and then see that performance improvement


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and you do see basically specialization of, uh, these optimized designs, uhm, on each environment. So, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were trained on a training set and then they carry over that specialization and show each their own, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you can see just a visualization of the optimization process. So this is generation 1, 10, 100, and 400 of an evolutionary algorithm. Uhm, we rewarded coverage. We basically treated this as a sensor, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we wanted each end of the robot to end up in as unique a location as possible to try to cover the entire space while penalizing overall, uhm, length of the robots. We wanted to do a material minimization, uhm, as a heuristic for simplicity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and here you just see basically snapshots of the design across generations all plotted on the same, uh, evaluation map.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We worked on fabricating. How do you actually take these optimized designs and then turn them into a manufacturable design? I will say that, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prototyping and building, uh, branching vine robots remains to be a challenge. If anyone solves it, please do let me know. Uhm, we did get some progress, uh, had a lot of fun doing it, but it, uhm, it is difficult just dealing with that amount of internal friction and material transfer, especially over long distances.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically, if you're deploying material into an environment, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically a, a vine robot growing into a constrained space. Uh, it works best if you're in a, you know, tube that matches the diameter. Uhm, but even again a cluttered space with branching, uh, shows a similar property where you're able to wrap and deploy around objects.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And despite a very low pressure, uh, and growth, just again that large amount of friction over a large area, uhm, it's much more about what you can do to deploy the system rather than the strength that it, uhm, needs to do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't use this to rock climb, but we show at least it can support a human off uhm, a very small initial volume of air.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I'm going to switch gears a little bit and talk about two of my projects at JPL. Uhm, you're going to see that there's a similar trend here, focusing on simplicity for these extreme environments. They have a little bit different of a flavor and they're both focused on really quite cold environments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first is Coldarm. Uh, this is a project in partnership with Motive Space Systems and led by Ryan McCormick at JPL.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this is motivated really by the thermal power consumption that it takes to maintain operations in cold environments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have robotics arm, robotic arms that go to cryogenic environments, which is common, uhm, you know, Mars at night is a balmy minus 90 Celsius. The moon gets way colder, uh, down to below minus 150 Celsius. And at those temperatures, uhm, you know,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to commit a lot of power just to surviving the environment, uhm, but even when it's slightly better than that, you still have to expend a lot of power just to heat your actuators, uhm, keep lubricants moving, things like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So similar to a lot of the gecko inspired adhesive projects, this started as a material science and really more fundamental approach, uhm, looking at bulk metallic glasses. So, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's been a lot of great fundamental research on how do you take


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The heat that you generate during, uh, manufacturing really impacts this, uhm, material structure. There's a lot of interesting challenges here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can see this is a, uh, basically gear set for a gear, for a small motor, and then here's an entire harmonic gearbox that's been previously submerged in a liquid nitrogen bath, so down at minus 180, uhm, still.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Happily spinning and flexing, uhm, down that cold.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here you can see our robotic arm in a, uh, simulated test bed. Uhm, so basically this is a, oh, is the video stuttering?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, hopefully that resolves itself. The, uh, the arm was smoother than the video, I'll tell you that much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's, you know, two points that I want to bring up here. First is the challenge of, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Build things from scratch when, you know, you can't go to a commercial company and buy an arm off the shelf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah, there's the arm working a little bit better, or the video working a little bit better. Uh, so you can see here it's a pretty simple end effector, it's basically a, a scoop and a pressure plate. Uhm, but even through that we're able to collect, uh, valuable data. So by scooping and, and piling that, uhm, regolith into a, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really just want to highlight if, if you're able to get to these extreme environments, uhm, even small actions and small studies, you're able to still back out a tremendous amount of information just simply because getting there in the first place can be quite difficult.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was two sides. Here you can see us, this was a test we just completed earlier this month, so I don't have the videos from it yet, but we do have at least our set up pictures of us loading the arm into a seven foot thermal vacuum chamber down at JPL.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, the reality is of course that testing is a huge part of anything we do before we send it to space. You really do want to burn down as much of the risk and uncertainty as you can before you commit to sending something out that you won't be able to service and maintenance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This test did complete successfully, so we showed the elbow joint, which was one of these amorphous metal bulk metallic glass joints operating down to minus 150 Celsius, which to my knowledge is the coldest robotic arm operations that I've heard of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with that I'm going to turn to, uh, one of my final projects here which is called IceNode.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So IceNode is a, actually I'll stay here for a little bit, IceNode is a fairly large, um, drifting robotic vehicle. It's focused on, uh, being able to drift underneath ice shelves over long distances and for long periods of time. And you might ask, why are we trying to do that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, the real answer is that we're trying to, uh, reduce the uncertainty on sea level rise projections.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So again, I'm going to go into a little bit of the science motivation of this here. Uhm, but there are these very large error bars on predicted global mean sea level rise. And a lot of that uncertainty comes from basically glaciers that are sitting on top of Greenland and especially Antarctica. So these glaciers are all basically ice that's locked above sea level.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Currently happily sitting in, in ice form, uh, that is slowly flowing out to sea and then, um, once it hits the water, uh, raises sea level.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the reason that it's flowing is because at these size scales, ice is not really like a solid, it's almost like a honey material. It's this, uh, slow viscoelastic process, uh, flowing into the water. And this process is slowed by these, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Basically ice shelves that effectively buttress, uhm, these glaciers and slow that flow of ice out into the water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, these ice shelves are experiencing rapid deterioration and collapse and we have a


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, there's a lot of great people studying this but, uhm, still a poor understanding of some of the mechanisms and, uh, mechanics of these collapses. And the reason for that is because studying them is incredibly difficult, uhm, potentially over, uh, very dangerous places. You know, you don't want to be out there when these, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, see, sea ice shelves are basically breaking up or moving. Uhm, so again, unstable, uh, extremely cold, remote locations. Uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, focusing on simplicity and how do you take the things that are there in the environment and use that to inform the design.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, that warm water that's causing, uhm, this melt is actually also a free ride for the vehicle, so very efficient in terms of energy. You basically have this, uh, current flow where you have warm water, uhm, coming in along the sea floor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then it basically is rising up, contacting the ice shelf.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we have, again, as I mentioned, the only real continuous degree of freedom that we have is our own buoyancy of the, of the systems. We have a small oil-filled bladder that we can use to either, uhm,