[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And plus, like even if you don't want to do that, and even when you make money, then you'll be able to, you'll know a lot more about business, and then you can make more money from there. Well, Sportstar is like, I HAVE BIG ARMS AND I CAN RUN AT PEOPLE! That's the one everybody's gonna pick. I know. I know. And I kinda want that too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really surprised that many people poke I could poke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That many people poke. That many people chose academic. Fuck. Why would you go sport star? Absolutely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This kinda takes me back to being chased by a hundred rabid squirrels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Except now it's tiny horses. But they're also very, very kickable. That's true, but-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lads are being kicked by 50 tiny horses consecutively.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I mean you can kick them away because they're fucking tiny. That's true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's- that's kinda what I was going for. Horse-sized duck. Man, that's a big-ass chicken wing. That's a-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Granted, it's a duck, so it's not really a chicken wing, but you know what I'm saying. Hey, close enough. The duck wing. But still, I don't know, it's down to you. I-I would go duck with horses just cause you could kick them. I think I could fuck that duck up. You think you could fuck a duck? I'm not gonna fuck the duck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, Jesus Christ. Alright. Well, I've only got a point left, so let's play it safe here. Yea, that's nice and safe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So Craig, would you rather meet your future self? So, big lad. Big lad. Or would you rather...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Would you rather meet- Would you matter? Would you matter? Or would you rather meet your future kids? So you're mini lads. Do I wanna be big lad or mini mini lads?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would rather meet future self, because if thi- ooh, here's a question. If I meet my future self, and he was to give me advice about things you shouldn't, shouldn't do, would that vary what my future self would look like? Any influence could alter the future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if I was a hobo in my future self, right? Could I then try and alter that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because then, then, then he, he, like, my future self would- Oh my god, I'm going so fucking deep into this- Could you- He would be- He would be able to tell me exactly what I did wrong, so then me, myself, when that, when that comes around, I could avoid it. Which does that mean I'll still be a hobo? You could meet your future kids and they could also tell you where you went wrong. But I would rather hear it from myself, though.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd rather, uh, meet my future self. Yeah. I think. Alright, let's see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anthony, would you rather die a hero or long enough to see yourself become the villain?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then the text says, this is definitely my question, that I made up all on my own. It's not at all in the Batman movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I can either die a hero, or live long enough to see myself become the villain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now the second one is very intriguing. Yeaah. Uuuh, cause I don't mind being a villain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I work here because I believe in what we're doing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it's incredible that dad could come out here with nothing, nothing at all. And uhm, to see so far into the future, to be a part of that, it makes you very humble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then ISKCON communications office kind of helped her when you were still in California with Claremont, you know, providing the documentation for you to be able to, again, as a minister representing ISKCON. So I've really been appreciating her work and seeing that it really is cutting edge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For us as a community to mature and to have specialists and people that have the kind of skills and empathy and concern that she has to go into this and be professionally trained.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I, I've really been appreciating what she's done for years. As she was speaking, I, I didn't know all of the, the, the stories that one with your, one professor send you to the Bern Center. That's very, very moving story to hear that. Very moving story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Prabhupada not only transported the theology and the culture and the creating of community, but he was creating a whole, you know, international society for Krishna consciousness and hierarchies and institution.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he, he only had 11 years of, of, of, you know, actually being here once he started ISKCON, as he said, sometimes he created the structure. Now we have to fill it in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I, I think Ramburu's work is an example of something where he showed us and taught us Lord Chaitanya's teaching about caring for others and compassion and respecting even an ant, what to speak of fellow human beings and people who are suffering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we have to, as we mature individually as an organization, we, we have to be aware of those things and prioritize those in general as a culture, but then also certain individuals like Ramburu and people that she's teaching to take this up. We need that expertise the same way we need experts on, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, people that can, can, can dive into the Sanskrit of certain texts, like the, you know, the Shastrig Advisory Council. You know, they advise the GBC. Not every GBC member is going to study Sanskrit, but we need somebody who knows that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So not everybody in our communities is going to know the kind of things that Ramburu does, but some people need to. And I think this concept that she's reminded us here and in the work she does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, we can have a lot of knowledge, uh, but be really ignorant how to deliver that or share that with people in a way that's not harmful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, and I think just if I can get, you know, the classic example, one of them, unfortunately, many for ISKCON is in the early years, we kind of picked up on the idea that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to think that I'm not supposed to be loving and caring and supportive and give my time, sacrifice my time for my family.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you know, so we have to read those things carefully and, and we need, we need maturity looking at those. And I just use this as one example, but when she mentions this, being careful to not harm people spiritually, you know, that wonderful English expression, fools rush in where angels dare not tread.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is exactly what I wrote down, you know, self scrutiny. We need to be careful and always be asking ourselves, am I really in line with Prabhupada? Is this going to have the best effect?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We can't think that we know everything about everything because we don't know all the practical applications of how to live in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last point that I'll listen to you to for a few minutes. You know, prophets say we should go and study certain things from the Catholic Church. Prophets say we should learn some things from the, from Tirupati and how they manage the Tirupati temple. So Prabhupada very much was aware of, you know, take, take, take good examples and information from other sources and that, that we, we change who we are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As I'm hearing this, Rumburu, it's making me think of all the people in the world who are not sure that they're okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With God, with the laws, with karma, with heaven and hell, however they see it. And they want to check off the boxes. You know, I went to the church today, or I chanted 16 rounds today, or I gave my donation at the mosque today, or I, you know, I did my puja at home today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And therefore they can't be right, you know, there can't be anything valid in this other tradition because they're not checking the boxes the way I do. So in a sense, those people are kind of like a threat to my salvation or to my enlightenment or my liberation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And therefore, it just causes, it adds to this, this conflict between people. It's like, well, they can't be right because they don't follow the same set of rules that I do. And I, and I have to be very focused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The rules. And therefore you're them and you're lower and you, you know, it enters into politics and religious conflict and ethnic conflict. And it really is in this very, very deep spiritual level you're talking about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We follow our principles and of course we know we're side of cause and we follow because that's the way we get purified. And you know, we don't want to misinterpret and say, well, I don't feel the love. So I think I'll go smoke a cigarette. That's not at all what you're saying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what you're saying is we follow these different principles, you know, and in the beginning we do a little bit one step at a time and gradually it becomes easier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They call us suitemates, four people divided into two separate rooms and one of my suitemates, uh, you know, college students would drink a lot and he would get mean and angry every single weekend to the point that his friends were thinking he's gonna just start physically attacking some of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but I'm sure he's dead long ago, dead. I'm sure he got in a fight with somebody who just killed himself. So, you know, you see, he killed himself with alcohol, you know, just, just destroyed his liver or whatever. So, so seeing that people, um, understanding that just from that very basic point of out of care for myself and others, I shouldn't do these things. I don't want to gamble.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because everybody knows if you gamble, almost everybody loses a lot when you gamble. I've got a wife or I've got kids or there's friends that depend upon me. Why do I want to risk in this way better than I just, you know, contribute in a positive way to people around me? So that really is very, very positive point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, our Christian friends, they have this, uh, they're, one of their mantras, right? Jesus loves you. And it's a beautiful, beautiful, beautiful mantra. And I think we should remember that that actually is also our mantra, you know, Jesus, but you know, the father, Krishna loves you. That's it. I think that that's what I'm hearing. The underlying principle of Bhakti.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got a, one of my favorite quotes I've got on my wall over promises, uh, when we chant Hare Krishna, we overcome our feelings of insufficiency. And we know from this very deep theological perspective, that insufficiencies, cause we're not connected with the Supreme whole, with this tiny part, we're not connected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And not to disparage another tradition, but to look at ours is based on this principle that okay, whatever we've done, we can become, you know, so sinful or harmful or violent to ourselves and others. Krishna never leaves us in the heart. He gives us again and again, creates whole universes and the whole universal time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Unconditional love, and, and I think sometimes, uhm, it's interesting, another thing is thinking, we talk about unconditional love, and our love needs to become unconditional to become perfect, and all that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We forget that actually Krishna is the source of unconditional love towards us. It's already there. We're just asked to, we're asked to kind of catch up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I remember taking my, you know, experiments in Buddhism and it's there in our philosophy. You know, the mind, so many things come and go and you have to focus on Krishna, focus on the mantra and just, you know, watch the thoughts, just, just let them go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, so someone may be thinking, uh, okay, well there's anger coming up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, in fact, I think that sometimes, okay, there's anger coming up. So I just have to like, I mean, dissociate may be a wrong word because it probably has a lot of connotations for professionals. But in a sense, just detach myself from that. That's not me. I'm the spirit soul. I just have to let it go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And sometimes if I dwell on it, okay, well why am I feeling anger? Why am I feeling bitter? The dwelling on it itself, while contemplating the object of the senses, one develops an attachment to them. So if I think too much about these emotions, I'm kind of clinging to making it worse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It seems that what I'm hearing you saying part is you have to be very, very conscious of all these things and kind of work through them. I'm hoping to get a chance to talk about that later, what you mean by hard work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It seems that's a little contrary to what at least I'm understanding. Some people may understand about being detached from the mind and the body. So can you explain that a little bit? I mean, you're saying to me, you've been devoting for almost 50 years, so you're obviously blending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A few years ago when we had one of our first Vaishnava Christian dialogues in India.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said something really profoundly that at the time I took as a, as a powerful endorsement of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Insight on where we need to do better. And I'll tell you what that story was. It's simple enough. He was listening to this dialogue going on for like 24 hours or so. And then he said, I need to say something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he said, I'm understanding. He said, we Christians, we really understand how God loves us. And he was thinking in terms of Jesus sacrificed himself and you know, the father came as this only begotten son and all of those things as part of their core theology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Appreciate in our conversation about devotional service and how we should hear and we should chant. And this wasn't me speaking. This was this, this man. And I remember thinking, wow, we really have the most important part. I mean, I think I, I've been my own bias and prejudice looking back now it's been years, but filtering it through this conversation, I think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really kind of came proud like, yeah, we know how to love God and yeah, we already know God loves us. But hearing this conversation, I'm realizing actually we're not so good on that other part. You know, maybe, you know, we can learn from other people. Of course, it's definitely there in our tradition, as I even mentioned myself a few minutes ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's, I think, I think, you know, sometimes the Christians are very strong in being able to walk around and say, you know, God loves me. They're very confident in that. And maybe some of them at least maybe minimize, okay, so what are you doing to reciprocate with that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whereas with us, it tends to be a little bit like, I gotta really work hard because I know it's all about devotional service, I gotta serve God, and as Ron Bruce said, in a sense maybe I have to kind of earn that, and that's not our philosophy, you know, it's faith and works, we have to reciprocate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think that, uh, this is very refreshing for me to hear that that really is, in a sense, 50% of the formula. He loves us. We love him. We love him. He loves us. We can't ignore either part of that or our spiritual growth really, uh, is, is certainly is not complete at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just thinking this is another one of those places where you ponder for a moment Chaitanya Charan and summarize a lot of what we've heard. You're so, you're so expert at that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, Rambo, you were talking about how we need to recognize part of not being impersonalist is recognizing and accepting other people are at different stages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But then you've also told us that we have to be accepting, we have to be appreciative, we have to be this and that, which really is, it's, it's kind of like accept the fact to use our terminology, Eurachinista.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But also you're saying, but okay, not that I say, okay, I'm a materialist devotee and I'm going to mistreat you or I'm going to abuse you or I'm going to be rough in the way you interact because that's just the nature of materialism. I may be materialist devotee, but I'm striving.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Appreciation, affirmation, affection, allowing. I can endeavor to do that even from my current situation. I, that's part of bhakti is I'm, I'm trying and this is part of what my trying has to be to show that love to others and to myself. Really, we haven't talked about that a whole lot, but showing that love to ourselves also.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, this is beautiful. This is real. I can almost feel Christ's love and I'm seeing the world differently. And I go to the temple and I meet some nice devotees and I say, you know, I just learned I really have to kind of express how I'm struggling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, there's a lot of judgment that comes out. You're kind of describing this lovely, humble, and non-judgmental community and asking us to kind of bare our soul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Had a baby that died or had a relative that just died. You know, this COVID, people are dying all over the planet right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if we're not so well trained then, and I think the early part of our conversation on this


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How do we respond when we interact with people that are experiencing that kind of grief, uh, whether some failure in their own self or something that comes on us from outside, like, you know, the loss of a, you know, whatever loss of their house or the loss of a child, the loss of a, of a spouse or how, how should we respond? I know that there's, there's,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, they, they, you know, they stub their toe and they want to talk to you about it for hours. And of course, whatever their needs are, that's another thing. But we, we don't want to become absorbed in these smaller things. So we transcend those. We still chant Hare Krishna. We still study. We still work and we put those things aside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But like if you have a little child, I'm, you know, I'm picturing like a, a, a, you know, a three year old that, that's, that trips. Okay. Now, you know, as adults, we know, look, nothing happened to you, but still the mommy's gonna embrace that child.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you know, within 30 seconds of an embrace, they're smiling and everything's fine, because time, place, and circumstance, that's what they needed. Now if the mom just says, hey, you're not that body, to a three-year-old, it's criminal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Depending on our level of, of understanding who we are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those things are, are more real to us or more closer to us and depending on time, place and circumstance, we have to be more attentive. Like maybe, you know, there's some great sadhu in the world where their hand gets cut off and they can just kind of, you know, tie a band-aid around it and then they go on and they're


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, you know, we have to balance between, I think our movement, I know like in the, in the ISKCON leadership course, we talk about leaders, you have to balance work, you know, your service and your, your spiritual care and your responsibilities to your, for your body and for your family. You have to balance all those things. So in the same way, balancing our emotional needs and in certain


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes in life when there's critical moments or some crisis, that demands our attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The same way at certain times, if, if your devotee is a businessman and you're, you're going to work five days a week, but your business starts crashing, maybe you don't go to the temple for a few weeks because you've got to be there in the office 14 hours a day or else it's a crisis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Time, place and circumstance, when there's a pattern, as you both mentioned earlier, when there's some kind of severity, that's like, okay, this is a warning. I have to take care of this now. And we see that, you know, even looking at Sita Prabhupada's life and even after he established this gun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you may think, well, why, why didn't prophet just keep going on preaching? Well, Christians got cause for that disciple at that point in their life and that's what they needed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In order to take care of their body, take care of their emotions, take care of their family, which is ultimately prerequisites to least have some balance there for us to go deeper in Christian consciousness. So it's such a beautiful, I always appreciate in my generation, there was this buzzword holistic, right? Everybody wanted to be holistic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And educational opportunity for the children and there's health for the children and there's recreation for the children. The children get clothing and the children get care and affection. It's a whole package.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm thinking that as leaders, in one sense, and, and, and elders, uh, the same way like parents have to do the same thing with their kids, it's critical for, in our communities and our little son, is to also be concerned about these different aspects. I mean, we may have a temple that's


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Got great relations, you know, my discipline, great relationships with the media and the police and the local scholars and interface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But are the devotees being cared for in all these aspects? We may have a temple, we're selling lots of books. That's great. But are the devotees being cared for in this holistic way? So as leaders, we have to also, just like parents,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're, you're bringing around a whole nother aspect of what we need to develop, what, what, what we need to be aware of and sensitive to and care for within our communities without abandoning the other things, you know, you're, you're, you're, you're not saying don't do those other things, you know, not get rid of the rules to show love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something is popping into my mind. Yeah, I'm thinking sometimes I'm on different committees with different GBC members and a lot of them, they're sannyasis, they're all very senior people and some are, you know, gurus and you know, very big people in our movement. And once in a while, I just kind of like to tell a silly little joke.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Think low, well, you know, this person doesn't have fun. They're, they're just supposed to be serious and grave. You know, we see the pictures of Prabhupada standing with his done and he looks so great. But then you read books like, I'm looking at my bookshelf here, Shama Sundar Prabhu's book about chasing the rhinos. Prabhupada was joyous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Plant Krishna Consciousness in the West, in one sense tremendous stress and anxiety.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Something to this effect, by our hard endeavor, and you know, Krishna, Krishna gives his grace, or something that said, basically, you have to work hard, but it's all up to Krishna.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I was just so relieved to hear that because I was singing 20, 30 years ago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My godbrothers who were sannyasis would have maybe thought that the appropriate thing is I can't do that, I'm a sannyasi.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you're a human being first, first. I mean, so now as he comes and goes, and human being ultimately too, but human beings a lot closer than some external social structure that we have that helps us in Christian consciousness, if we do it right. And I was really glad to hear that, that, you know, he felt that's part of his duty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, I, I, I just thought, wow, one more giant step for, for the Christian movement. Now, I remember when Yaron Athababu, who's a professional stand-up comedian and a wonderful devotee in New York, came to the Festival of Inspiration at, at years ago in New Bernabény, started coming every year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he was a comedian and he was making jokes about GBC members and gurus and families and book distribution and, you know, all the things that are kind of like, don't, don't touch this too sensitive for us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think North America made a giant step forward for Christian conscience that we can kind of laugh at ourselves and the fact that we're not so pure and that we are humans, we are flaws. And I think in the same way, what you're doing, I remember it's a giant step forward for ISKCON.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be able to talk about ourselves with humility and honesty and really look at how these different needs that maybe haven't been fulfilled and to tell us, hey, it's okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He just had this ability to kind of come up to everybody and especially me. I experienced it, but I think a lot of people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just say, how are you doing? It's okay. Like they say, it's okay. You're okay. It wasn't like ignore your practice. You don't have to go further, but it's okay. You're going to be all right. You know, behind the scenes, of course, buddies really tell me that Krishna loves you and probably is there to help you, but just took this pressure off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, you know, wherever you are, it's okay. Take the next step. Just let, let the, and, and I, I really feel, I don't think I would have made it without because there's a lot of other people that were like cracking the whip and putting the pressure on and you're not this and you're not this. And if you don't do this, you don't do that. Oh, you don't know that verse. You've been here for three months and you don't know that verse. Everybody knows that verse. I saw you. Yeah. Shame me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, Chaitanya Charan, for making these conversations happen in so many ways with so many devotees and exploring things that need to be talked about in many aspects. I think you're a real blessing to our movement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this, in this area and then many others that we haven't really touched upon so long. It's a real blessing and it's proof that Prabhupada's movement is, is, is moving forward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, that's his mystic powers. It's, it's wonderful. It's, it's wonderful. I mean, he's not taking notes or anything. He just remembers, he remembers. But one, one little thing she mentioned, cause I know you love this, like you, you, you caught the poking the possum little, little thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the very beginning, she used a term that you don't hear too much on there. It's beautiful. Radical personalism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was wonderful. You're a radical personalist and you know, I'm, I'm looking out the window and when you say that, then it's like, there's a tree out my window. Like that's a person I have to start. Wow. That's a person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, Autumn and I currently have a 943 days. We've had this streak almost as long as we've known each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Easily, Mason's like, man, you're from Canada and like, you're here for four months, you can have the good bed. Ah, that's nice. And I was like, thanks dude, I appreciate that. I was gonna take it anyways. Whether it was with a simple conversation or by brute force.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was pretty into like space and astronomy and stuff when I was in grade 12. And, uh, I just pointed the camera up at the sky to try and photograph it. Cause I had seen people on Instagram were posting pictures of Jupiter and Saturn and stuff. So I was like, oh, I can do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have been gassy lately. Oh really? Yeah, it's really bad. It's really bad. And like, you know it's bad cause like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Barry, uhm, uh, like when Barry comes into the room and then like, like to talk to me, he'll usually like hang out in the doorway, but like whenever he comes to the doorway and then like, takes a step back, yeah, kind of like puts his head down a little and takes a step back, I'm like, you don't have to say it buddy, your actions speak volumes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The level of, like, like fecal particles are in the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just always assumed the toothpaste would act as a killing agent. No?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I probably shouldn't keep my contact lenses in the bathroom either. God, I must be just covered in poops of o- Oh! Oh my god! Oh my god!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whoa, you've been creepily watching us from a distance? Yeah. It's got like, binoculars and shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turn snack on make it happen shit you fucking know its time. It's not very effective fantastic


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know, I know, I welcome now. Well, I change toothbrushes often. Oh, I see. Yeah, I'll go to CVS and buy the five pack for like one dollar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've shown you that, right? One of my favorite album covers. Uhm, by Emerson, Lincoln, Palmer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know we put it up in another episode. Kevin, put up Tarkus. It's like a fucking- Oh, it's beautiful. Yeah, it's lovely. Early 70s, really trippy album art, but it's like an armadillo tank. With a-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like military aggression, like in the- in the story of the song. It's fuckin' rad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I'll just have a little lie down. Oh man, these are weird, cute, awesome creatures that this guy has. You're f-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What would you call these things? Attacks? I guess they're attacks. Abilities? Abilities, yea, yea. But like-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Quite easily. I just had one of those fuckin' tall cans of Arizona.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Man, he is chomping down on you. Fucking finally, dude!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You gotta bag it, tag it and bag it. I gotta give him some fresh water first. I don't know what tag it and bag it means. It means some kind of sexual act.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that's more- that's- that's a bummer. That's more of a bummer than I meant. Yeah. I meant to think about- I thought- I thought it was some kind of like- I thought the bagging referred to putting a condom on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And tagging refers to sex, which would make much sense because then you're putting on the condom after sex. Damn, you fucked those eggs up with your dragon. Which in retrospect makes a lot of sense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, I bend spoons. Yeah, if you- If I was going up against a big-ass spoon, I'd feel more confident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course I regained health. I've got sprinkles all up in my brain. They're called jimmies, dude. Yeah, they are called jimmies in certain places.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got the sight. Oh fuck, the future's terrible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why don't you take the fucking Iowa test? Smell ya.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Did you notice how everyone on the Iowa test always got 98th percentile or better? What the hell are you talking about? Did you not have that? No.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Iowa test was this random test that they used to make us take like in like first through eighth grade uhm, when I was growing up. Maybe it's not even a test they do anymore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was just a basic, like, skills test, and it was like, what's two plus five? And like, you know, there'd be the one kid who'd stand up and scream like, I CAN'T HANDLE THIS! And like, everyone else was like, ehh, alright. And then, you got 99th percentile always at lap ass? Yeah. Oh yeah, I see that. Lap ass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's no wonder that crisis management is often referred to as firefighting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like a four alarm blaze, an event of the oh god no variety can really consume an organization. Managers huddle in meeting after meeting, trying to figure out what the heck is going on, while everyone else gathers in little clumps all over the office to whisper,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They wring their hands over whose head is going to roll. They obsess about their jobs, pointing fingers up, down, and sideways.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Often, panic rages so high that real work grinds to a halt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sound familiar? Look, crises happen. As long as companies are made up of human beings, there will be mistakes, controversies and blowups. There will be accidents, theft and fraud. The cold truth is that some degree of unwanted and unacceptable behavior is inevitable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For leaders, crises often stand out as the most painful and trying experiences of their business lives. Crises can create anxiety ridden days, sleepless nights, and a churning in the pit of your stomach like no other challenge you face at work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] On one hand, you've got to throw everything you've got into understanding and solving the crisis. You have to unleash a torrent of time and energy, mainly your own, at dousing the flames. At the same time, you have to put that activity into a compartment and carry on as if nothing is actually wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's what leaders usually neglect to their regret. Because when you focus only on the crisis, it can overtake the entire organization, sucking it into a vortex of blame, dread, and paralysis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This balancing act is obviously brutal to pull off in the midst of an event that feels like a living hell. At the outset, you never have all the information you want or need, and solutions often emerge much more slowly than you'd like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the ending to a crisis rarely seems completely fair or right. Good people sometimes get hurt, and all you can really be happy about is that the mess is finally over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each crisis is different. Some are entirely internal affairs with swift solutions. Others are huge media events with all sorts of legal ramifications.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The uniqueness of each crisis makes it hard to come up with rules for getting through them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are, however, five things you can assume about how your crisis will unfold.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These assumptions played out in virtually every crisis I managed from aircraft engines bribery case involving an Israeli Air Force general to the company's battle with the government over time card accuracy to the Kidder Peabody scandal where an employee misrepresented earnings by millions of dollars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First, assume that the problem is worse than it appears. Managers can waste a lot of time at the outset of a crisis denying that something is wrong. Don't let that happen to you. Skip the denial step and get into the mindset that the problem will get bigger, messier, and more awful than you could possibly imagine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Second, assume that there are no secrets in the world and that everyone will eventually find out everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the most common tendencies inside the crisis vortex is containment in which managers frantically try to clamp down on information flow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's far better to get out ahead of the problem, exposing a scope before someone else does it for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Third, assume that you and your organization's handling of the crisis will be portrayed in the worst possible light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is not the job of the media to make you or your organization look good during a crisis. And they won't. And never mind the media. Your own organization can be a tough audience during times of trouble. In both cases, the implication is the same. Define your own position early and often.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fourth, assume that there will be changes in processes and people. Almost no crisis ends without blood on the floor. Real crises don't just fade away. They require solutions that overhaul current processes or introduce new ones, and just as often, upend lives and careers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last year in Amsterdam, we met a Dutch journalist who had recovered, recently recovered from an illness that had robbed her of her memory for two years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Having touched the stove once, would it do so again? Or would its financial accounting be more tightly controlled than ever before?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Companies typically go to extremes after a crisis. They throw up fortresses of rules and procedures to fight the enemy that got in once.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or to use the Dutch journalists metaphor, they build a kind of immunity to the sickness that failed them. The way a child cannot get chickenpox twice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, there is a silver, a sliver of silver lining to crisis management in that you rarely have to live through the same disaster twice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That said, you can be proactive in preventing some crises.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first is tight controls, disciplined financial and accounting systems with tough internal and external auditing processes. An organization's line managers should be reviewed to review and act on every audit's findings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The second way is to prevent crises is with good internal processes such as rigorous hiring procedures, candid performance reviews, and comprehensive training programs that make the company's policies nothing short of crystal clear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The third way is less common and certainly less of a layup. A culture of integrity, meaning a culture of honesty, transparency, fairness, and strict adherence to rules and regulations. In such cultures, there could be no head fakes or winks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe public vilifications and punishments sound harsh, but they are the best way to increase the chances that when someone in your organization lights a match, that is, commits an integrity transgression, at least a couple of onlookers will immediately shout fire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Prevention is by no means a perfect science, but it's your first line of defense against a crisis. Don't rely on hard experience to build your immunity, unless you have to.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Anatomy of a crisis. Before we talk about each assumption, let's take a short look at how crises tend to unfold and roll to their conclusions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most of the time, crises blindside you. They begin with someone stopping you in a cafeteria and asking a perplexing, did you hear about... kind of question. Or with an email or letter about a possible irregularity or with a phone call you would never expect in a million years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last of those is what happened in 1985 when the General Council of GE phoned in to say that there was an investigation of time card irregularities going on in our Valley Forge, Pennsylvania factory that made missile cones for the government.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had never worked in a business where employees apportioned their time by project, let alone filled out a time card myself. All I knew was that the people in our aerospace business had nothing to gain from jiggering this process since the engineers involved were all paid on salary only.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And before I knew it, the timecard situation had erupted into a firestorm that took a lot of people's time and focus during my first couple years as CEO.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, sometimes crises explode with a single event, like the Exxon Valdez breaking up off the coast of Alaska, dumping millions of gallons of crude oil. Or when Johnson & Johnson suddenly discovered that someone was tampering with bottles of Tylenol.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know the details of the Merck situation with Vioxx, but I would bet that it actually started a few years ago with a couple of seemingly random incidents of heart problems in people taking the drug.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those reports might have led to a vague suspicion by some scientists that Vioxx was involved, and eventually a larger study was undertaken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From there, the situation probably grew into the full blown recall that took place in the fall of 2004.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most often, that's how crises go. They seep out and roll toward their solutions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like snowballs down a mountain, they bounce and zigzag and pick up weight and speed. You can never be entirely sure where their paths will end.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now for the five assumptions to keep in mind when a crisis happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assumption number one, the problem is worse than it appears. No matter how hard you might wish and pray, very few crises start small and stay that way. The vast majority are bigger in scope than you could ever imagine with that first phone call, and they will last longer and get more ugly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] More people than you thought will be involved, more lawyers than you've ever seen will poke their noses in, and more terrible things will be said and published than your worst nightmare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So adjust your mindset early on. Go into every crisis assuming the absolute worst has occurred somewhere in your organization. And just as important, that you completely own the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In other words, go as far, go so far as to assume that your company did it and that you have to fix it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My tepid response to the time card crisis in case is in point here about the importance of having the right mindset, which I did not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With my lack of experience in crisis management, I assumed that the problem just couldn't be bad, given that no one stood to gain personally from misallocating their hours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe a few people had been sloppy with their time cards and winged it, I thought. But so what? The so what was all in the timing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Caspar Weinberger had just been named Secretary of Defense, and he was spearheading President Reagan's campaign against government fraud, waste, and abuse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The newspapers were filled with stories about charging, about companies charging the government $400 for hammers and $1,000 for a toilet seat. We were up next.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead of facing that, we got all caught up in our own logic. It went like this. Most of the time cards were correct and the errors were accidental. Overall, we had just undercharged the government. This was all just a political witch hunt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With a seasoned mindset, I would have said we were wrong. Let's do what it takes to correct the situation and put it behind us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not saying that the correct mindset means you should always fold at the get-go. Sometimes you are absolutely clean and you need to fight. In 1992, a former employee turned whistleblower from our diamond business claimed that we had colluded with debiers to set prices in the industrial diamond market.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Knowing the people charged with collusion, I felt certain that this was just a case of a disgruntled guy who should have been let go with more sensitivity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nevertheless, we dug into the investigation as if we were guilty, looking for every shred of evidence that could be used against us. We turned up nothing. That allowed us to take on the government with everything we had.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we won big when the federal judge threw out the government's case in 1994.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The same, we own it mindset got us successful through another crisis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the late 1990s, the people running our appliances business in Louisville, Kentucky began to hear rumblings from the field that an unusual number of refrigerator compressors were requiring repair a year or two out of the factory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The highest volume of breakdowns was coming from the warm weather states.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After a few months, the problem spread north and I was brought into the loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We immediately assembled a SWAT team of experts from every part of the company. Metallurgists and statisticians from corporate R&D, design engineers from aircraft engines who had experience with rotating parts, and marketing people who had studied the consumer impact of other national product recalls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The team met weekly for a month and spoke on the phone every day to review new data and sort through options.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Within three months, it was clear that the only course of action was a national recall. We had to take a $500 million write-off, and we received some unpleasant coverage about our technical capabilities in the Wall Street Journal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But grasping the scope of the problem early and taking ownership of its solution ultimately resulted in a lot of goodwill from consumers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The point is, at the first glimmer of a crisis, don't flinch. Get into a worst-case scenario mindset and start digging. Assume that you have a major problem, and that that problem is on your hands to fix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assumption number two. There are no secrets in the world and everyone will eventually find out everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the chapter on people management, discussing the corrosive effect of layers, I mentioned the children's game of telephone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In it, the first person in a circle whispers a secret to the second, who passes it to a third, and round it goes until the last person announces what the message has reached.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not surprisingly, the final version has no resemblance to the original. Telephone gets played during crises as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Information you try to shut down will eventually get out, and as it travels, it will darken, morph, and twist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only way to prevent that is to expose the problem yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't, you can be sure that someone will do it for you and you will look the worst for it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I know what you're thinking. Legal won't let us. And you're right. During a crisis, your lawyers will tell you to say less, not more. They will warn you not to implicate Joe or Joyce because their involvement is not yet clear. That advice is not all wrong. But don't take it as gospel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Push lawyers to let you say as much as you can. Just make sure that what you do say is the total truth, with no shades of grey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It opened up its packaging factories for scrutiny and kept the public posted on a frequent basis on its investigation of the problem and its recall efforts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 1980, the Washington Post ran a detailed series describing how one of its reporters, Janet Cook, managed to fool her editors, the public, and the Pulitzer Prize jury into believing a horrific tale of an eight-year-old heroin addict.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or take the New York Times and its coverage of Jason Blair, its reporter who fabricated numerous articles. The paper put its best investigative reporters on the case and their articles left no part of the story untouched.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The paper's own practices and leaders were challenged so thoroughly and personally that at times the coverage felt like an unedited family movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The more it said about Jason Blair's falsifications, the more people trusted it, not less.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The more it revealed the internal dynamics that let Blair's lying slip by, the more people knew that the paper was invested in finding a solution to the underlying problems that caused the breach.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The same is true during any crisis. The more openly you speak about the problem, its causes and its solutions, the more trust you earn from everyone watching, inside the organization, and without.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During a crisis, trust is what you need at every turn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assumption number three, you and your organization's handling of the crisis will be portrayed in the worst possible light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In some industries insiders keep score by market share. In others they keep score by revenue growth or number of new franchises opened in a year or customer satisfaction figures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In journalism, they keep score by toppled empires and naked emperors. The profession's calling, as it were, is to question authority in its every form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I speak of course from experience. During my very public divorce in 2002 a controversy erupted around the perks that made up my retention contract and the media had a field day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not long after I was made CEO, during a period of wide-scale layoffs, I got labeled Neutron Jack, after the bomb that leaves that building standing but kills people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A year later, I was named one of the toughest bosses in America. And believe me, the implication was not positive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During the Kidder Peabody Crisis in 1994, I appeared on the cover of Fortune Magazine under the headline, Jack's Nightmare on Wall Street.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The article included a thesis about the cultural breakdown at kidderpeabody, brought on by earnings pressure from GE.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Public skewerings are awful. You're indignant and enraged. No matter how innocent you think you are, or how superbly you think your organization is handling its troubles, it doesn't matter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reporters are not in the business of telling your side of the story. They are in the business of telling the story as they see it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's the way business works, and during normal times, you're usually happy for the good read that journalists provide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In my case, and over the course of my career, I got more than my fair share of positive media coverage. But during a crisis, all bets are off. You and your organization WILL be portrayed in a light so negative that you won't recognize yourselves. Don't hunker down. You may want to, but you can't.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Along with disclosing the full extent of your problem, as we discussed in the previous assumption, you've got to stand up and define your position before someone else does.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you don't, your lack of visibility will be taken as an admission of guilt, the same way it looks to lay people, albeit lawyers, when someone does not take a stand in his own defense.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, not all organizational crises have a public face. A middle manager leaves and takes his team with him. The reorganization of a business or unit causes enormous upset and turmoil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A big customer defects with complaints about your service. A fired employee makes angry charges of discrimination by senior management. Internal crises.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if the media has no interest in these events, your people will, in the same principles, still apply.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Openly discuss the situation. Define your position. Explain why the problem happened and how you are handling it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And just as with big public crises, don't ever forget you have a business to run. Make sure you are running it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Assumption number four. There will be changes in processes and people. Almost no crisis ends without blood on the floor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most crises eventually end with a settlement of some kind. Financial, legal, or otherwise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then comes the cleanup, and cleanups mean change. Processes usually get overhauled first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With the timecard situation, for instance, we instituted policy 20.11, which formalized all dealings with the government. The policy was excruciatingly detailed, requiring us to cross every T and dot every I. I am no fan of bureaucracy, but the timecard situation demanded just such a process fix.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes, however, process fixes are not enough. We had a policy about improper payments on our books for more than 30 years, policy 20.4 to be exact, that was supposed to prevent bribery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it didn't help us back in 1990 when a regional sales manager for aircraft engines conspired with a general in the Israeli Air Force to divert money from major contracts for GE to supply engines for Israeli F-16 warplanes. This was no small potatoes operation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two men had set up a joint Swiss bank account and a fake contractor in New Jersey to cover their tracks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The media coverage around the world lasted 19 months through congressional hearings and a criminal trial against the GE employee Herbert Steindler.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Crisis required, crises require change. Sometimes a process fixes enough. Usually not. That's because the people affected by the crisis, or sometimes those just watching it, demand that someone be held responsible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It sounds awful, but a crisis rarely ends without blood on the floor. That's not easy or pleasant, but sadly, it is often necessary so the company can move forward again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which brings us to assumption number five. The organization will survive, ultimately stronger for what happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is not a crisis you cannot learn from, even though you hate every one of them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the time card crisis, we learned that when you deal with the government, there can be no looseness with regulations, even if it means installing lots of detailed bureaucratic procedures. That's the price you pay for doing business with public agencies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the compressor situation, we learn to bite the bullet early on product recalls. Doing that cuts your losses and pays off in consumer goodwill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From Kid or Peabody, we learned to never buy a company with a culture that didn't match ours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the bri- from the bribery case, we learned that policies age and even die unless managers work constantly to keep them alive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't. Use a crisis for all it's worth. Teach its lessons every chance you get. In doing so, you'll spread the immunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There will always be crises, and when they erupt is awful. It really does feel like your house is on fire and you can't get out. As hard as it sounds, try to remember in the heat of it all that eventually the flames will die down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they will die down because of what you do. You will face the enormity of the problem and its own solution while at the same time running the business as if there is a tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then one day, you will realize that tomorrow has arrived. The smoke will have cleared, and the damaged parts of the structure will have been replaced or repaired. You will never be happy for what happened, but stepping back, you'll see something that might surprise you. The whole place looked better than ever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi, my name is Oscar. I started drinking at the age of five.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, it's really embarrassing to talk about this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Voltaire thinks he doesn't accept anything without examination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, the Commons can wait for a while. And how are you enjoying the season, Lady Caroline?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I plan to take what the world has to offer. Ah, your grace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What am I to do with my daughter, Mr. Fox? She refuses all her suitors. Lady Caroline is a prize that all men would desire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I cannot believe that. She has her mother's charm. Your grace, if you will excuse me, lady.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am more cheered by your grief than dismayed by your father's hesitation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I shall be harder to dispose of than he thinks. Trust me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dearest, most adorable Caroline, I hope this letter finds you well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that the step I may ask you to take may not dismay you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's because the king listens to his friends and not to us. The cabinet is being ignored. What do you suggest? The ultimate sanction. We should resign.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king has conceded. We have regained authority and I have been made secretary at war.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It will not be easy. I shall have to do business from morning till night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dublin grows into a presentable capital. It has everything one needs for a civilized life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We imitate what is pleasing about the capital. The rest, we discard. And you presume to judge. I must. I must to decide.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is the tradition in my family. We have a duty to lead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the rumours I've heard are clearly false. Rumours? That you refuse me because I'm Irish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me. I will take my leave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we got my man, Kanye. Tracks, man. Man, hold on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanted a place where you could just come step into my mind. I wanted a project that wasn't just a bunch of songs put together and you just listen to them and then you've listened and then it's over and on to the next thing. You know, I wanted it to literally be the whole body


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An energy and every sort of sense kind of feeling. I wanted it to literally be an experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It feels like you're in your house, like a house you grew up in, the place you call home, and then suddenly there's like 500 people that you don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking at all your things, reading your diaries, reading everything in your room. That's how it feels for me because every single room is literally me giving you exactly what it...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps the Michael we're gonna record. And we recorded this whole album just like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sir Henry was very pleased to see Holmes when we arrived at Baskerville Hall. However,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was surprised to see that Holmes had no clothes with him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was hard for me to tell Barrymore and his wife about Selden's death. Mrs. Barrymore cried and both of them were very sad. While we had dinner


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sir Henry told us that he had enjoyed a quiet day at the house alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He remembered that Holmes had told him to keep away from the moor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so he had not gone to the Stapleton's house that night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We did not tell him how happy we were that he had stayed away from the moor. All through dinner, Holmes had been very quiet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The one who started this whole terrible trouble, said Sir Henry. He was the first to see the hound.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holmes looked at the picture carefully, but said nothing more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After Sir Henry had gone to his room to sleep, Holmes asked me to look at the picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Watson, does this man look like anyone we know? He asked me. I stared at the picture. Suddenly I realized the truth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good God, I don't believe it, I cried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was looking at a picture of Stapleton's face. Yes, said Holmes before I could tell him what I knew. Stapleton is a Baskerville. He looks like Sir Hugo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stapleton will receive Baskerville Hall and all the lands around it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although I usually got up earlier than Holmes, this morning he was up earlier than me. He had sent a message to the police, telling them about Selden's death. When Sir Henry joined us,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sir Henry was very unhappy about this, but Holmes told him that everything would be alright.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He asked Sir Henry to help us by following Holmes' plan. Sir Henry agreed to help in this way. That evening, Sir Henry would go to the Stapleton's house alone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He would tell the Stapletons that Holmes and I had stopped working on the mystery and had gone back to London.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here is the most important thing, said Holmes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should drive to the Stapletons house in a carriage, but send the driver away when you get there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Make sure to tell Stapleton that you're going to walk home alone across the moor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can tell him that you want to enjoy the fresh air or something like that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You want me to walk across the moor? said Sir Henry, very surprised.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you have told me again and again not to do that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This time it will be completely safe, I promise you. Do not be afraid. I know that you are brave enough to do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holmes had told Stapleton that he would return to London, but I did not know what I was going to do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Holmes and I left Baskerville Hall and went to the station at Newtown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Send a message to Sir Henry at Baskerville Hall. Use my name in the message.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ask him to send the pocketbook I left at the hall to my house on Baker Street. I began to understand some of Holmes' plans.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When Sir Henry received the message sent by Holmes' boy, he would think that we had arrived in London. He would tell Stapleton,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who would then also believe that we were far away from Baskerville Hall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was time to talk to Mrs Laura Lyons. I introduced Holmes to her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After they had shaken hands, he said, Mrs. Lyons, I do not want to upset you, but Dr. Watson has told me everything. Sir Charles did not die accidentally. He was murdered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mrs. Lyons, I can prove to you that he is married.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone thinks Miss Stapleton is his sister, but she is really his wife, said Holmes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He took some photographs and papers from his pocket and showed them to Mrs. Lyons. She looked at the photographs and read the papers. When she put them down, I could see that she believed us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stapleton knew you and Sir Charles were friends.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So he told you to write that letter to Sir Charles, asking him for help with a divorce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He told you that you should ask Sir Charles to meet you at the Moor Gate. But then, after you had sent the letter, Stapleton changed his mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He came here and persuaded you not to meet Sir Charles after all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are lucky that you have escaped, Mrs. Lyons, Ohm said. You know too much about him. But I think you will be safe now. Good morning, Mrs. Lyons, and thank you. We will speak to you soon. So.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One by one, our questions are answered at Holmes as we left Newtown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it is over, the mystery of the Hound of the Baskervilles will become very famous. And now, the story has nearly ended. We must hope that it ends safely and successfully.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I said Dr. Ravi Grady and you guys are listening me on Provencher S online platform. As you know, guys, there's a sustainable education platform and we are providing those.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you people are interested for face to face classes, so you are most welcome. If you are in nearby area, Gorakhpur, so it's at very nominal fees we are providing you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spend each year and all rest it is up to you guys. So if you're interested, so you can contact on the given number regarding any kind of help, even material content, test paper, everything, everything, all facilities are there. Those you can find in everywhere guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is the lecture number 19 of science and technology series and our topic of discussion will be here biomass gasification and pyrolysis. Okay, so let us start guys this lecture number 19 for science and technology. So topic is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Paralysis. Even Boat 2 question came in your paper guys. Biomass gasification it was in 2012. It was in 2012 prelims. And paralysis was UPSC prelims 2019. So Boat 2 question was UPSC question. Biomass gasification and paralysis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Actually guys, that, those question in 2019 problems as a paralysis came in your paper. It was a repeated question. And that repeated question came from biomass gas evagation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But still many people have done this mistake. They could not solve previous year's question paper. Now the direct UPSC 2012 problems you found in 2019. This is your site. That mistake you have done guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And many of the people even joined these classes, those have only one attempt left, five, five attempts even already have given it. And they told me this reason, that finally they could not identify how UPSC made their questions from last five years.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So first you come, what is the biomass gasification procedure? See guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This topic I will consider under biomass energy. This topic I will consider under biomass energy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Plenty of biomass in India guys. Even when I told you India have a good potential for renewable energy, at that time I told you, India is a good, India is good among biodiversity nation. It means India have richest biodiversity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if India have a riches biodiversity, so India have a good biomass. Even I will give you some example of biomass. Okay. Just like, uh, that you people have seen in your surroundings. Rice husk. Everybody know rice husk. Quire. Coconut outer material guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Biomass material. In south India. Lot of the choir even left there guys. Choir. Coconut choir. Baguettes. Baguettes. Sugarcane waste material guys. Sugarcane residues.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, after, uh, you know, separation of juices, sugarcane juices, the residual material, the case. Like it, guys. Many of other guys. Similarly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if you burn directly this choir, rice husk, or bages, to destroy this biomass, yes guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So open burning of rice as square and baguettes is not safe for environment and human health. So what about process that we will take? This is those I mentioned there guys. Biomass gasification.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, even you just see guys in rural areas, rural areas, what women are doing. Still, Jwala scheme is there guys, that government is going to provide LPG. I don't know second time, third time LPG surrender is to their own doorstep or not. But yes, first time LPG surrender is to every places guys. In the rural areas what women are doing, women burn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They go and collect wood from the nearby regions, their forest regions, and they burn in their own stove, guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here rice, square, baguettes, woodchips. If any furniture industry you go guys. Lot of woodchips, wood-made materials left there guys. These all you never burn openly guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even this entire discussion I will go through picture and this picture will give you all concept very easily and you will never confuse guys. Even you can discuss to anyone this whole entire biomass gasification processor. So let us start guys how this biomass gasification process happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amanari has given one funding in South India, especially for the utilization of coconut coir.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because in that reason many people burn directly the choir guys. And this choir create massive environmental problem in that period of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So MNRE funding means Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has given a funding. And on that basis, biomass gasification plant setup were acquired as a biomass material used as a source of energy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this container I just put some amount of biomass. So here I just mentioned this is biomass. So this is the input source of biomass. Suppose biomass is hard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are going to provide what heat


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So ultimately in biomass gasification process, what we adopt closed burning of biomass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is LPG guys. In the beginning, 400, 500 degrees Celsius temperature, if you want to provide, so you use LPG, liquefied petroleum gas, LPG gas supply you provide and see this is called pyrolysis process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Burning at very high temperature is called pyrolysis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Through paralysis. And paralysis was 2019. Under paralysis what happened?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Under pyrolysis process, those processes involved in biomass gasification, okay, biomass is going to use in this container.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This gas will go to the next container. This is what this is called raw gas. This is what raw gas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this gas, here the temperature is very high guys. Those suspended materials, yeaah, those


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of them are larger size that you can see on a screen guys. And some of them are very small, small size particles that will be under raw gases. So some small size of particles and some big size of particle both are here inside the raw gases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Second chamber have one processor that we adopt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is something like exhaust fan. Okay, it is something like exhaust fan, exhaust fan you use in your house guys, especially to remove the heat outside from your chamber, from your room guys. So similarly that type of fan based, okay, system is installed there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And biochar is what? It is a solid material. It is solid material. So this biochar will separate, separate, separate, will settle down. And see next thing guys, a small size of particle will go to the next chamber.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Small size of particle will go to the next chamber. Small size of particle will go to the next chamber. And what will be here in the next chamber guys? In the next chamber.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Further I will tell you guys what you will say about this gas. This gas is the same name raw gas used there in the biomass gasification process. Composition of this raw gas and composition of this raw gas different, but both two places officially this is called raw gas. So you will also use the term raw gas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here temperature is very high. And see next container, still this gases is reaching here. Temperature is very high. And next to next container, still temperature is very high. Because next to next and next to next container. Okay, and here what will come, see guys. This is the next container. This is the next container. This is the next container. In this container, you spray water. You spray water. This is water. This is a spray of water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the water will spray on this container, those gases are coming in the second container guys, third container. First is this, second is this, third is this container. This gases will cool down due to presence of water. And you know guys, when gas will cool down, they will become as liquid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Give a shower of water. This is called quenching processor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is called what? Quenching process. This is called quenching process. And now what happened guys? This is the water. This is the water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay everybody, do one thing. What you will do? You remove this water.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it will be sealed in the road construction during road constructions. Okay. But yes, biochar have some uses that in the last, I will discuss guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the use of biochar it is important for your coming year paper. You just wait, I will explain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carbon monoxide and hydrogen, combinedly called as syngas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are commonly called as syngas in chemistry, yeaah, in fuel engineering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But this syngas is not important for you. This methane have lot of uses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this methane, those gas generate there guys. Massive methane you separate. Massive methane you separate and you burn it. You do burning of methane under combustion engine. You do burning of this methane under combustion engine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It generates heat. And next, you people know very well. In previous video, I told you how coal is utilizing for electricity generation. Simple. When coal burn, what generate? Heat generate. Here, what about the source of heat? Here, the source of heat is methane.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the difference is here, when methane burn and heat formation happen, smoke nearby, no. You are very low. But when coal burn, CO2, SO2, NOXIS type of pollution comes. 2011 prelims. From thermal power plant, which type of polluting gases emit in the atmosphere, CO2, SO2 and NOXIS, all correct. But here because of burning of methane.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, that heat utilized, heat generate, it will be utilized for steam generation and steam will be utilized for movement of turbine. And turbine is what? Mechanical energy and through dynamo we can convert it to electrical energy. Previous video I told you guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Solar thermal. How solar thermal and thermal power plant connected together. So that is the reason through solar power heater and solar water heater. We can also utilize for electricity generation UPSC problems 2014. Okay, here you come guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This will be utilized for electricity generation, but few amount of heat you will carry here, but few amount of heat you separate, you separate and you just use it to heat up this container from outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To heat up this container outside and stop use of LPG. Now, few amount of methane.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Will, you will utilize for burning of this container from outside. You put biomass, this methane burn it. An extra methane that generate, you will utilize it for electricity generation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is the plan those set up in South India. And ultimately what you got here guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Paralysis is a procedure under biomass gasification process. We are utilizing waste. For what? Power generation. And this was the UPSC question 2019. What is the paralysis?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Plasma gasification process. This type of statement was there. Simple. What is this? Utilization of waste for electricity generation or power generation. UPS EPLIMS 2019. I proved guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You see entire discussion how this biomass gasification system is working.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now again, in two minutes, I will revise everything. What is biomass gasification?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is a process where we will burn biomass like coconut coir, like baguettes, like rice husks, okay, any kind of biomass in sustainable manner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, we put it in a, in a container and biomass will burn in a closed chamber and burning within a closed chamber at very high temperature through which processor? Paralysis process. Through paralysis process, biomass will burn within a container.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay everybody, and now what will come? Biomass burn there? Okay, and here raw gases generates.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Here which process? Ultracentrifugation process. Here which process? Quenching process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This entire picture even I have also given you in my fourth edition book.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Third edition, second edition, first edition, everywhere guys. Okay, second edition book, it is given there guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And throwing off water, this procedure is called quenching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay everybody, fine. And see one thing guys, later on further some gases generates. If you check these gases, what are there? Methane are there. Kava monoxide there. Hydrogen there. Kava monoxide and hydrogen combinedly called as a syngas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, syngas have no uses here. In chemistry or fuel engineering, it is still required, but not for your examination. But one objective you clear, carbon monoxide and hydrogen commonly called as a syngas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You will further utilize for burning of this container from outside. Okay. And finally those LPG extra energy source you are using, you stop and finally the whole system becomes sustainable. Extra energy you are not utilizing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those will liberate guys, it will burn in the combustion engine and through heat generate and heat utilized for steam, steam utilized for movement of turbine. Turbine means mechanical, mechanical energy utilized to dynamo generator into electrical energy. Previous video and finally electricity generation become possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is the entire processor. You see again this board guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I don't think so you guys have any problem in this understanding of biomass gasification and pyrolysis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay guys, now we come into next topic. And next topic is coming from this entire discussion. Okay, this picture is given in my book guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So no need to write, you just try to understand each and every step, those step even perform during biomass gasification process.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And South India, the seminaries funding ministry of new and noble energy, those funding has given us for the utilization of choir. This is the entire system.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] End this discussion guys, biochar left. So now you come into discussion of biochar, but one more option of biochar is fly ash. So your heading will be fly ash and biochar, not only biochar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After burning of bio, after burning of coal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fliers is a residual material left after burning of coal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Lot of lightweight material left after burning of coal from thermal power plant and it has a lot of demand. I know that material is called as a fly ash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flyers were still UPSC question 2015. At least three to four questions you will be able to solve in this video only. Biochar is the important one for the coming year guys. This time India in India have a lot of work on biochar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, this is a fly ash. Similarly, what is a biochar? Residual material left after burning off biomass. Under biomass gasification you already have seen. All the statements are same those you mentioned here in the case of fly ash. Only the last in place of coal you use biomass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So residual material left after burning of biomass biochar. You have seen it guys, just five minutes back in that entire biomass gasification processor, a solid material that left was biomass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so this is the basic difference, flyash and biochar. See one thing guys, actually this flyash have lot of positive and negative.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Few discussion you listen here and other topic of fly ash, uh, regarding discussion I will do in environment because both dimensions are there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you will do the mixing of fly ash and brick and cement, your brick and cement will become as a fire resistance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ravan never knew. Neither Ravan do the mixing of fly ash in their own Goldikki Lanka.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, yes, this is the one fire resistance wall. Fire resistance. If you want to make fire resistant. So fire resistant, it's possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even guys, the best cement in the market is the Portland cement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After listening this entire video guys, when you will solve UPSC question, you will realize that you are ready to solve 90% plus question of your paper after listening my entire discussion. Okay. Those videos I'm making here on this Provincialized online platform. So Portland cement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What about negative of fly ash? Negative of fly ash is here guys, that it is a kind of black carbon. This is the kind of black carbon. And black carbon is what? It is the, it is a kind of environmental problem. Black carbon is a type of environmental problem. Okay, black carbon is a type of environmental problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, uh, it is responsible for, uh, uh, greenhouse effect. Even it is a kind of particulate matter that if go inside your body, it will be dangerous for your health. So black carbon is problem for the environment and help both. And that discussion I will do in environment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I told you that black carbon will come in environment. During environment discussion guys, I will use many term black carbon, blue carbon, green carbon. So many term I will explain there, but in environment videos here, you just remember, okay, black carbon flyers is as a black carbon is dangerous for environment and human health.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] P represent here phosphorus and K represent here potassium.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A proper proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium we are utilizing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A proper proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium we are utilizing for different different crops productivity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some plants have a need of more nitrogen, pulses crop. Some plant have a need of phosphorus, mycorrhizae type. Some plant have a need of more potassium. And the various combination, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, I've been used as a, as a quality fertilizer for different, different plants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And biochar is what? Biochar is the richest source of phosphorus. It means we can use it phosphorus as a fertilizer, means biochar as a fertilizer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So biochar one side it is good to increase the productivity of crop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even one thing guys that I will tell you. If anywhere this type of question come.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Indian soil is poor with nitrogen compound, phosphorus compound, potassium compound. So you always take phosphorus compound. Indian soil is poor with phosphorus compound. And what about through biochar?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good source of phosphorus. So it means it is helpful for the productivity of crop in India where have a requirement of more phosphorus as a fertilizer. One side by HR is good. Second side guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suppose, this is the plant, suppose this is the plant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For more, apply water. Water is irrigation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So these type, this, this type of activity, farmers do for the safety of the plant, for the massive growth of the plant means productivity. You know, guys, if farmer apply water, if farmer apply water, water as irrigation, if farmer apply water as irrigation. So what happened guys for certain period of time, water is here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Former apply water as an irrigation for twice earth's rise. Yeah, more than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because if water available towards the upper layer of the soil, plant root utilize it. If the water will go downside, now it will be not fruitful, yeaah, important for the growth of plants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what will be next? Next, again water, again water, twice rice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And one thing more guys, if farmer apply any kind of chemicals, chemical fertilizer, chemical VD sites, so when water will lees down, so chemical will also be lees down and enter into this water table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So with time, what happened? This water table is going to happen. What? Toxic and toxic and toxic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this type of water table, how it is going to become as a more toxic because of massive use of chemicals in the field.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, Dadri will be in UP. Okay, actually in this, in the Dadri guys, uh, few village people are suffering with a lot of cancer problem. Reason in nearby Dadri, reason have some industry. And from that industry have a lot of effluents, waste of the industry and in that waste have a arsenic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that arsenic effluent that we release outside from the industry, it is going to lease down, lease down, lease down, lease down and enter into the water table. And this water table is the richest source of arsenic right now. The reason is industry that is in the nearby areas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in that areas of people, those are very close to that, uh, uh, industry guys around four or five village reasons. Okay. They are taking this water table based water as a drinking water and they're consuming a lot of arsenic. 50% plus people are suffering this time cancer problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You see, how much the, if water table will toxic, this type of problem is possible. Even government advice, don't consume your, your water table based water. That's why the people are taking water from other sources. They are living here, but water they are utilizing from other places.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It will be more dangerous. So what will be next? Next option I will tell you. You do one thing guys. Biochar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you people do mixing of biochar in soil, you know what will come there guys. Now water holding capacity in this region, water holding capacity in this region increases.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now water will not go downward side, leaching process will slow. So one time of irrigation will enough for plant users. One type of chemical uses, it will be enough for plant utility guys. Twice and thrice irrigation, your chemical fertilizers, your chemical pesticides are not required and water table is safe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So this is another benefit that you can see here guys through the help of biochar. And in that way guys, biochar is very useful in agriculture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so this was the entire discussion of uh, biochar and biochar is a new question for your paper guys. And India have a lot of experiment, even research behind the biochar. So I think so in coming year biochar will be a good option.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even good question in your paper, I'm very sure now you will not do anything wrong here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So thank you everybody. I'll stop here and I will meet you in the next video with uh, fuel cell and microbial fuel cell. So thank you everybody. Take care of yourself. Meet you in the next video with new topic. Have a good day. Bye.