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[Assistant] More concerning is the fact that Allen now has a putrid 16 and 38 career record as a head coach following a failed two plus year stint with the Raiders.


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[Assistant] It was Allen who drafted Carr in his second round out of Fresno State in his final year with Oakland.


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[Assistant] An outstanding defensive mind, Allen came under constant fire from his decision making last season.


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[Assistant] To the chagrin of some saints family members, he was retained by the organization for a second year. We still don't know how much they pay him.


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[Assistant] Oh, well, cue us a three or four year deal or approximate. Don't tell me no approximates. I want no facts.


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[Assistant] I want to know exactly how much it is and how much the timeframe is. They can't tell you that.


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[Assistant] They can approximate, which I don't want to know approximates. I want to know exactly what it is. And people can't tell you that because they haven't released what Dennis Allen's contract is.


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[Assistant] And if they did, it would explain why the saints want to hold on to them. Why would you hold that contract? They probably plan that do way more than he's worth. And they will come under fire for it. They know how we think, man. Anyway.


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[Assistant] The Saints, uh, have never fired a head coach after one year. Only Hank Stram 28 games was let go after two seasons. Allen made plenty of changes this off season. Almost all of his new defensive staff has worked with him in the past. His new quarterback was a player that he originally drafted.


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[Assistant] He spearheaded several personnel moves in an extremely aggressive offseason. You know.


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[Assistant] For the team, which feels like to me with all of the moves.


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[Assistant] Dennis Mickey was telling them, Hey man, just tell me what you want and we're going to get this.


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[Assistant] Because the pressure's on, they're feeling it. You can smile and, you know, all this kind of stuff. But everywhere you go, people are upset and saying, look, you know, you building this, doing, you had a fantastic stellar and, you know, off season, you did a fantastic, you know, free agency with solid.


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[Assistant] A pretty solid, smart draft, really awesome signing of undrafted talent. You finding these good, really solid players like James Washington, adding them to the team and making it even stronger. Those heightened expectations, but not only a winning season, but a playoff season.


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[Assistant] When you put a hundred and fifty million dollar quarterback in there with all the weapons the saints have, I'm pretty sure to who that nation is looking for more than just get into the playoffs. They want to get a win there. They want to get a win. The only issue is can Dennis Allen do it? You got all his guys there. And the reality is.


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[Assistant] If he fails again, and I really don't want to see the saints lose.


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[Assistant] But if Dennis Allen fails again, they won't fire him after this year.


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[Assistant] They won't. Now, if he goes three and whatever and only wins three games, yeaah, he'd definitely get it handed to him.


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[Assistant] But if it's six or above, they're going to, you know, six or seven wins or more than that.


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[Assistant] On a soft schedule, as, as it appears, Drew, uh, Drew kinda counteracted. That Drew's like, man, listen, man, I'ma play that momentarily for you guys.


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[Assistant] But this will be intriguing. So the pressure, these are the most pressured.


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[Assistant] Positions on the Saints team. Dennis Allen sits entrenched on top of that thing. So absolutely Dennis Allen there. P. Carmichael. Carr. Carr is, you know, entrenched as a starter. We got all these guys. We don't even talk about Taysom who's behind Dennis Allen on this pitcher. He's a part of that too.


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[Assistant] And let's put some pressure too. I guess we could throw some extra guys on this list.


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[Assistant] Uh, the top five, you know, we had some more people. How about Darren Rizzi, the special teams coach? Our special teams look like crap last year, except for Blake Gilligan.


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[Assistant] We can't block, uh, for our kick returners and punt returners, you know.


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[Assistant] Will Lutz looked like crap last year and only one guy shining was Blake Gilligan.


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[Assistant] We have to change that around. I don't understand what they looking at. Darren Rizzo should have been fired last year. This year.


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[Assistant] You know, he's supposed to change all that and he's not doing it. But anyway, these are the guys y'all guys put in the comment section. Let me know how y'all feel about this stuff, because this will be interesting to me to know how you feel about this now.


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[Assistant] Let's move on to the next thing, man. And this is speaking of schedules and we just mentioned the schedule.


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[Assistant] And this is coming, shout out to WWL. It's coming from them. He was up, he was talking to, uh, Bobby Abear, uh, about the same schedule. And this is what he had to say. Listen up.


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[Assistant] That stopped right there, and that's true, absolutely true. The, the Tampa Bay games will do.


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[Assistant] Two of the disappointing matches, we had both those games in Andrews, right? It was just pathetic, man. Lay down, but that's what we speaking about when you in, you know, you.


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[Assistant] Games like that. The Tampa Bay game should have been the wins. The Carolina game should have been wins. A lot of the games you've seen


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[Assistant] It go down the way it did because of poor decision making at the head coaching level. The offense was funky.


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[Assistant] You know, stink. We didn't make the adjustments. The Sanks, they were so, the offense was so sporadic and awful. It was just pathetic. The 49ers game was a disappointment too. We just needed two touchdowns. We suppose the average of 27 points a game. Couldn't get two scores to beat them. Uh, if we got two touchdowns, we'd beat them 14 to 13.


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[Assistant] I mean, we just gave games up last year and that's why it was the way the Saints were losing last year is why the people were pushing.


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[Assistant] For Dennis Allen to be fired because it doesn't take multiple years for you to see if somebody has it or not. Did you make a bad decision? Instead of prolonging that decision, make the decision and simply move on.


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[Assistant] But I think, like I said before, it was all monetary while Dennis Allen remained with the Saints.


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[Assistant] So let's stop right there, man. That's absolutely what it is. Now, can we get that back?


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[Assistant] How the smoke was with those guys in practice and how they were able to, uh, sh- iron sharpen iron, right?


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[Assistant] There was no iron sharpening last year, we knew that, but this year could there be, is that, is that returned?


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[Assistant] Now, you talked about, Bob mentioned in an article about following the hall of famer or a really good person, Sean Payton, future hall of famer, Drew Brees, future hall of famer, cars following these guys into the team.


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[Assistant] There's a guy that can get the ball down the field explosives. He's far from a Drew Brees quarterback, but.


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[Assistant] Does it bring that competitiveness to the team? Right?


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[Assistant] And the thing is, I think the Saints offense, and we've yet to feel this yet, and this is just my, you know, my expectation.


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[Assistant] But I really do expect the Saints offense to be the leader of this team, and that's how it's supposed to be.


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[Assistant] Cause I really do think that despite the fact that Cam and the Mario, Tyron Matthew, Marshawn Latimore, those guys are there.


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[Assistant] There is a lot of turnover on the defense, not just in this, it'll be different to a degree if it was just players, but it is players and coaches, which means that something's going to be different.


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[Assistant] Not different good, a different bad. I can't tell you that.


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[Assistant] All I can say is the leadership of the Saints defense, when you have a Cam or Demario or guys like that, they're, they supposed to keep those guys on par. But if you remember last year,


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[Assistant] There was just a bunch of excuse letting by various individuals throughout the team.


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[Assistant] And it really pissed me off because I really didn't want to hear that.


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[Assistant] Don't, don't make excuses to me, just get out there and perform. You know?


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[Assistant] Have you got a chance at all? I stopped that foot and that's a great point by Drew. But the thing is how good can the Saints defense be? We'll start really delving into that as we get into this portion of the year.


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[Assistant] Moving ahead because it starts getting philosophical to a degree when you have, we start using our imaginations and saying, okay, until we actually see them on the field performing in the next several months or so.


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[Assistant] How, how really, how good could this Saints defense be based on what it was last year? And we not anticipating it to be as terrible as it was stopping.


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[Assistant] But really the secondary was a top five unit. It was a stellar, uh, unit last year.


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[Assistant] Uh, can it really be that this year and you have new coaches there?


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[Assistant] You know, coaches, new defensive line coach, new defensive coordinator, new special teams coach. You know, you got new coaches sparse throughout the defense with Dennis Allen there. And it's a lot of turnover on the defense. You've got three new starters on the defensive line alone. How does that translate?


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[Assistant] You know, how are we still comfortable with the saints internal?


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[Assistant] Defensive line unit. I still say the saints really need to go out and get a nose tackle veteran.


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[Assistant] That can help out there because it's a little too, it's too much of too many young.


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[Assistant] Unproven people there. We need to get a veteran guy that can plug, that can be put in there and plug right away.


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[Assistant] Just, you know, in a, in a part of the rotation as a backup, but then again, there, there could be a time new passing you on that role. See.


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[Assistant] He's a key to a degree on whether or not the saints are looking in that way because they can possibly be looking at moving time, new passing, you know, at the interior.


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[Assistant] He's kind of, you know, if Taysom is phenomenal, man, he's awesome. But one thing Taysom Hill is not is a quarterback. Let's cut that out.


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[Assistant] If Taysom Hill had opportunities to throw the ball last year, he would pretend he'll take a snap and position himself like he about to throw. Look, don't even go through his progressions and just take the hell off. I mean, how many passes did he have last year, man? You know, he, he,


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[Assistant] I mean, how many was it? I guarantee it was less than...


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[Assistant] 12, less than 15 pass attempts last year as a quarterback.


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[Assistant] Listen, Taysom Hill's phenomenal, man. No doubt about it. He's absolutely phenomenal.


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[Assistant] He does everything else so well. Running back, wide receiver, even play full back for him.


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[Assistant] It was 13 of 19, all the times we've seen Taysom Hill back there. I was like, damn.


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[Assistant] 16 games and all of the reps that Taysom got. He only threw the ball.


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[Assistant] You know, when Taysom sees an opportunity to throw the ball, he doesn't throw it. He takes it, he pulls it down and runs with it. So that's my perspective.


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[Assistant] Drew definitely appreciate the time. Yeah, Taysom Hill is an awesome dude, man. But in terms of like, you just looking at the tape.


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[Assistant] And you sit down and you watch the film from Tayson Hill, what he does. He's unstoppable. Like if you look at his statistics from last year.


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[Assistant] It's receiving stats from last year in 16 games. He had nine catches on 13 targets for 77 yards. He only had two touchdowns there, right? Receiving. We're talking about receiving from 2022.


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[Assistant] You know, he's a quarterback. Well, and I was telling you, man, he spends his time mostly as a flipping.


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[Assistant] He spends most time at, at running back. Well, the statistics back that up, you see his receiving stats from 2022, 16 games.


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[Assistant] Wheelchairs receiving statistics in 2022, 16 games.


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[Assistant] Carries that Taysom had was average of six yards per rush. And all of that, he only had one fumble.


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[Assistant] But you can see where his work is and then you go down to his passing.


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[Assistant] You see it right there, 16 games, 13 of 19, with 240 yards, with two touchdowns. Yeah, 240 yards and 68 of it came on one, on, you know, one big pass.


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[Assistant] You can see his return stats right there. Not much shaking that, but you can see the bulk of his workload happens.


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[Assistant] As a running back and that's what I was telling people. The statistics back it up. You know, he's not really a quarterback.


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[Assistant] You know, he, he's back there where a quarterback is, but he pulls the ball down.


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[Assistant] And he takes off, man. That's what he does. He doesn't even go through his progressions most of the time.


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[Assistant] Anyway, let's, let's recap this thing, man. We covered Bobo, Bob Rose. Feel free to go to the Saints News Network and check them guys out. Show them some love, man. Bob Rose.


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[Assistant] Five saints under the most pressure here in 2023 went over that.


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[Assistant] We also reacted to Drew Brees on WWL. He had a really good interview there.


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[Assistant] Uh, you're breaking down what he thought about, uh, several topics. We covered that as well. And also the depth chart, man.


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[Assistant] We kind of running out of time and we'll go over to Deptart at another show with the saints, with all of the great movements they have and not just the free agents and draft picks, but the undrafted guys.


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[Assistant] This is phenomenal. They're doing a really stellar job and then the next thing would be.


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[Assistant] Uh, how does the defense, so my question is kind of go out. I know I got a feeling.


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[Assistant] Saints offense will be a top 10 unit this upcoming season. And I'm, I got the same feeling that I think the Saints defense will not be as good as we think they will be.


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[Assistant] But it's based on several factors and that's free agents that we bringing in. How do they look? We thinking like the biggest.


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[Assistant] Question mark is the Saints interior defensive line and they'll be tested in the first week when Henry comes, you know, when we go up there or I think it's home game, when we face the Tennessee Titans and we'll see Henry run against the Saints defensive line. That'll be a big test.


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[Assistant] Because we'll have to show two things. Can we stop the run and can we stop the mobile QB threat? The defense will be tasked.


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[Assistant] With both of those things this upcoming season and plus you got new coaches there, perhaps a new perspective.


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[Assistant] From Ty Grantham, the defensive line coach could be provided. He's a very passionate guy, very fundamental guy, loud guy, very, uh, animated. You know what he talking about.


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[Assistant] If you watch some film or tie ground, then we'll cover that on the next TSC.


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[Assistant] Uh, live episode, we'll play some of these coaches so you can feel, you know, their style and see how it can be effective with the New Orleans Saints. We did that with Cody Burns.


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[Assistant] So we'll cover that on another stream. So with that being said, we'll get ready to get on that. I'd like to thank all the family members for tuning in this episode to show much love to you guys.


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[Assistant] Feel free, feel free, feel free to share the article, share the uh, saints news network article. Feel free to share the show's link. Feel free to subscribe to the show and above like the show.


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[Assistant] Been getting a lot of commentary from family members that they're not getting the notifications when the show go live. Make sure you light everything up is what I've been told by.


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[Assistant] The platform to tell you guys, cause I had several conversations with them.


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[Assistant] About that is that people are simply not getting their notifications and that's a big problem.


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[Assistant] So I've talked to them and they advised me to tell you to light up everything. That mean the bell hit the bell, hit the like, hit the subscribe button.


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[Assistant] Hit the subscribe button and then hit it again, you know, if it, you know, unsubscribe and subscribe again. That's why I always tell you to make sure you check and make sure everything light it all up. And then of course I'm looking, I'm working on something on the side too.


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[Assistant] With the who that daily.com so that you guys can get, you know, if you can't get it here, you can get it there as well. So anyway, with that being said, I'm gonna get out on that. I appreciate you guys for.


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[Assistant] Uh, for all that you do, thank you for being here this late. Hope you guys are having a fantastic.


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[Assistant] Oh, a week and a fantastic weekend ahead. So with that being said, I'm get out your way. Much love to the fam and who that.


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[Assistant] Democracy. Undeniably the best Greek export that doesn't have fruit at the bottom.


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[Assistant] But gerrymandering is a real problem. It's the practice of drawing voting districts in a way that creates unfair advantages for whoever happens to be drawing the lines. Which does sound mundane.


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[Assistant] But the results can be significant. Gerrymandering is partly responsible for giving Republicans such an edge in the House of Representatives. Because take a look at what happened in some states where they drew the district lines.


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[Assistant] So whoever draws the districts has a lot of power, and thanks to technological advances, it's possible to use that power in very precise ways.


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[Assistant] He's right about that. Gerrymandering has become a very precise science, and interestingly, it's one of the few remaining types of science in which the Republican Party currently believes.


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[Assistant] Now there are different reasons politicians engage in gerrymandering. It's done to disadvantage voters based on race, or on political party, or to shore up seats for incumbents, sometimes even within a party.


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[Assistant] Take Hakeem Jeffries. In 2000, he ran a strong challenge in a Democratic primary for the New York State Assembly. And he planned to run again in 2002. But the Democrats had done something interesting to the map.


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[Assistant] And look, there is nothing inherently wrong with redrawing a voting district. It's actually necessary. They need to have around the same number of people in them, and populations shift over time as people move or die or emigrate to America because their stand-up careers have endured what might be best characterized as a pogrom of indifference. And that is why...


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[Assistant] For both the U.S. House and state legislatures. The problem is, in most states, the lines are drawn by politicians. In fact, in 37 states, the drawing of state legislative districts is primarily controlled by the legislators themselves. And they have a pretty clear vested interest there. And if you think that seems crazy, you're not alone.


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[Assistant] But it is true that if your party holds the redistricting pen, it wields substantial power, and there are multiple techniques at its disposal.


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[Assistant] But in this context, packing means cramming as many opposition voters as possible into just a few districts. And cracking means spreading them out thinly over a bunch of districts so they can't gain a majority in any one of them. Either way, it dilutes their impact. Try and think of it as table assignments at a wedding.


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[Assistant] You can either break up your eight awful relatives and spread them out over different tables, or you can pack them all together in one insufferable table of the damned.


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[Assistant] The Washington Post showed how this can work. Look at this hypothetical state. It's 60% blue voters, 40% red. And it needs to be carved up into five districts. Now, proportionally, uh, you would want three blue and two red districts. But if you draw the lines like this,


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[Assistant] You can get three red majorities and two blues. And if you draw it like this, you can get five blue majorities and no red.


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[Assistant] That's complicated, because if you're gerrymandering to disadvantaged minorities, yes, that is illegal under the Voting Rights Act. But if you're gerrymandering to disadvantaged voters of an opposing party, that has generally been allowed. So racial gerrymandering, no. Partisan gerrymandering, that's kind of okay.


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[Assistant] And it's led politicians to be pretty brazen in their behaviour, like in North Carolina last year.


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[Assistant] Their congressional map was thrown out in federal courts for racial gerrymandering, which is wrong, so they had to redraw. And while doing it, state rep David Lewis went out of his way to explain that the new map would not illegally fuck over minorities, it would just legally fuck over Democrats.


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[Assistant] And that map worked. In 2016, despite Republicans winning just over half the votes in House races, they wound up controlling 77% of the state's seats. That is a more blatant disregard for what people want than the asshole who gives out Bazooka Joe on Halloween.


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[Assistant] And Republicans elevated this technique to an art form with a plan called Red Map, or the Redistricting Majority Project. Uh, they poured more than 30 million dollars into state-level races ahead of the last redistricting, gaining huge numbers of seats, and that paid massive dividends.


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[Assistant] So the maps they drew put Democrats at a significant disadvantage. It's like if instead of Tim Duncan, the San Antonio Spurs had had to use Tim Burton.


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[Assistant] In 2001, the Democrats won the right to redistrict thereafter, and this is for reasons too complicated and too stupid to explain. A name was pulled out of a replica of Abraham Lincoln's stove by Pat.


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[Assistant] But while it is tempting to see something suspicious in an odd-shaped district, there is a pretty good argument against prioritizing tidy lines above all else.


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[Assistant] And there is no one right way to draw a district. Reasonable people will disagree. Some might prioritize a district being politically competitive. Others might favor compactness. Others want to keep so-called communities of interest together. The problem is...


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[Assistant] It may be physically impossible to do all three of those things in one place. In fact, take that earmuff district. The thin line connecting the two halves is just a single road. And people love to make fun of that.


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[Assistant] It is drawn like earmuffs for good reasons. Because the northern and southern parts are two Latino communities, and the district in the middle is predominantly African-American. Now, both are democratic, so it's not about partisan advantage, it's about ensuring that both communities have representatives serving their interests. And it's criticized a lot.


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[Assistant] Democrats are basically packing themselves into districts, and that is not likely to change anytime soon. But there is a broader, non-partisan point here.


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[Assistant] And that is that in a democracy, the question of who gets to draw the map should not have as much significance as it currently does. Now, there is actually a Supreme Court case coming up involving a redistricting in Wisconsin.


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[Assistant] That was so partisan, a lower court struck their maps down, and the Supreme Court may, for the first time, actually issue a clear ruling putting limits on partisan gerrymandering. So all of our hopes are now in the delicious claws of Justice Neil Gorsuch.


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[Assistant] But even without a ruling, many experts argue we should simply be taking redistricting out of the hands of politicians and give the task to independent commissions. And that's a pretty good idea. In fact, a handful of states already do some version of that. And it's not perfect.


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[Assistant] It is tough to completely remove partisan biases, a fact that one state lawmaker brought up to shoot the idea down.


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[Assistant] And the truth is, it is hard to come up with a worse system than the one most states currently have. And there is something very important at stake here. Lawmakers should not be allowed to dilute our votes by drawing their own lines and essentially picking their own voters. You know what? I will tell you why.


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[Assistant] The foundations of democracy are built on the idea that everybody's vote should count equally. Everybody's. That is what America is all about. That everyone...


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[Assistant] Dropping a bunch of squares seems fair. It seems like if you could just draw a grid, like a tron, that you could put people into districts and there wouldn't be any sort of manipulation in the process. But Americans don't live, with the exception of Montana and


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[Assistant] You know, a few other square places. Americans don't live in squares. Our communities are irregular and random.


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[Assistant] Dougal went on with his ghastly story. Come, Jimmy's turn. He walks up to the post. Some men have to be dragged, but not him.


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[Assistant] The corporal goes to pull his arm, like, to haul him into police. But Jimmy shakes him off and steps back a piece.


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[Assistant] I was half expecting him to make a dash for it, but instead he just pulls off his shirt. It's torn here and there and filthy as a clout.


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[Assistant] But he folds it up careful, like it was his Sunday best, and leaves it on the ground.


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[Assistant] Then he walks over to the post, steady as a soldier, and puts his hands up to be bound. Dugo shook his head, marvelling.


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[Assistant] The sunlight filtering through the rowan trees dappled him with lace shadows, so he looked like a man seen through a doily. I smiled at the thought.


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[Assistant] And he nodded approvingly at me, thinking my response due to his story.


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[Assistant] Alas, courage like that is uncommon rare. It was an ignorance, mind.


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[Assistant] He'd just seen two men flogged and he knew the scene was coming to him. It's just, he'd made up his mind there was no help for it.


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[Assistant] But to face down fear in cold blood is rare in any man. He was but nineteen at the time. Dougal added as an afterthought.


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[Assistant] Must have been rather gruesome to watch, I said ironically. I wonder you weren't sick.


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[Assistant] Dougal saw the irony and let it lie. I nearly was less, he said, lifting his dark brows.


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[Assistant] The first lash drew blood and the lad's back was half red and half blue within a minute. It didn't scream, though.


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[Assistant] Or beg for mercy, or twist round to try and see themself. He just set his forehead hard against the post and stood there.


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[Assistant] He flinched when the lash hit, of course, but nothing more. I doubt I could do that, he admitted. Nor are there many that could.


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[Assistant] He fainted half through it, and they rosed him with water from a jug, and finished it. Very nasty indeed, I observed. Why are you telling me about it? I haven't finished telling you about it. Dougal pulled the dirt from his belt, and began to clean his fingernails with the point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was a fastidious man, in spite of the difficulties of keeping clean on the road.


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[Assistant] I'd done a think he'd fainted, he was just too wandly to stand for the moment. But just then Captain Randall came down into the yard. I don't know why he'd not been there to begin with. Had business that delayed him perhaps. Anyway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jimmy saw him coming and had the presence of mind left to close his eyes and let his head flop. Like as if he were unconscious. Dougal knitted his brows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He thought to make inquiries about how Jamie came to escape in the first place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're really building this up, Baz. Interesting, because we've got our very own kitchen tool doing this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not been blind-baked, but there are recipes that you add the liquid portion in with the pastry, like a treacle tart, for example, is a very wet mixture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have used cans of soda in other recipes before. We've made our own lemonade cake. Do you remember in Scotland, we had pulled pork and iron brew. To use soda as a cheat, I don't think it's a bad thing if it works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because it keeps the direct heat off of the crust, so it doesn't over-color, because it's going to be in the oven for how long?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other thing about TikTok is that you're so intrigued in whether it's gonna work or not, that you have to wait for part two. I know. To see the success. So we'll come back to this later.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, we've got our own twists to it, but basically it's ice cream and flour forms bread. Let's watch it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This particular video is by Happy Baking, so it's there for quick, simple times when you're really craving sweet things. So you've got cake in a mug, classic. A melted tub of ice cream, some self raising flour, into a tin, oh third ingredient, you can garnish it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first version, gonna mix up the flavour, gonna go chocolate, but also vegan, because it's using oat milk ice cream. The second one, rum and raisin. Classic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Method's really simple. Defrost a tub of ice cream and tip it into a bowl.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little chefy tip, if you're ever putting dried fruit, which are quite heavy, into a cake batter, if you dust them in flour,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stir in self-raising flour. Show off. Stir carefully. Decant into loaf tin. Garnish, optional.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are just combining two ingredients, but each of those ingredients has got a number of ingredients in them. Like self-raising flour is flour and baking powder, so that's already got the raising agent in, so there's two. And then ice cream is egg and sugar and fat, so it's three. And if you put egg and sugar and fat and flour and raising agent together, cake!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bread. No, for me, the only thing that makes this bready is the fact that they bake it in a loaf tin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If it comes out cakey, I'll be really impressed at the cheat. If it comes out bready, I'll eat my hat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I like is when you have a pretty classic principle, like pane, so flour, egg and breadcrumb, and where you can mix up some of those ingredients. We've done it over the years with swapping breadcrumbs for sesame seeds, or desiccated coconuts to make like coconut crusted chicken nuggets. That I really like, so this is just another version of that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's quite endearing to see the level of pride he gets from something like this. It's like he's split the atom. Also, notice, when he gets bored of panay, he thinks if I eat it, I'll have less to panay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had a cheese pull and a crunch. I wouldn't, I mean, but then what's it's a cheesy, so cheese and cheese, it's sort of double cheese. What I really wanted was to dip it in a ranch or a tangy, fruity chutney or something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cheesy, the mozzarella, which has a wonderful pull but is a relatively mellow cheese, has actually got a nicer flavour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For a cake, it's not a very sweet cake. But it's also very enriched.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like a good loaf cake, carrot cake or a parsnip loaf or something you would, a lemon drizzle. It cuts like cake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is really chocolatey, but I think you lose some of that richness to the chocolate when it's baked out, so it becomes more chocolate cake-like. However, the sugar strands on top remain their crunch, and that's a wonderful texture thing. I'm glad we did it, because it's an interesting experiment. I like thinking about the science of it. Would I do it again? No. But they're tasty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, Jamie, look what's left in the pie case. Oh, right, okay. I mean, there's soggy bottom, and then there's... that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it hasn't. So the only bit that really is edible are the tiny bits of pastry crimp that never touched any of the other stuff you put in.


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[Assistant] Shamrock emoji, but then parentheses. This is either a shamrock or a marijuana leaf. Can't tell. Either works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How you would measure success for preventing misinformation at Facebook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey everyone, my name is Kevin Wei. I am a product manager on IBM's data integration team. And today we're going to be doing a mock PM interview with Steven. And before we get started, Steven, do you mind letting the audience know who you are?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for coming on and paying it forward. So I know that you were coming from the course. You got a lot of value from the course and you also got a really, really cool offer from Google. Uhm, so thanks for coming on today's show. So for today's mock interview, I'd like to ask you how you would measure success for preventing misinformation at Facebook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, so Facebook's been in the news, horrible PR, so I would like for you to choose which metrics you think are good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, just the core Facebook product, so facebook.com. Okay. Sounds good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's totally up to you if you want to hone in on one. I think that we're concerned about users who are sharing and spreading misinformation. Okay, so sharing plus spreading


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to give you some context, you can think about users through different types. So perhaps there are some users who are doing it accidentally, some who are doing it opportunistically, and some others who are doing it intentionally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yep, that, that makes sense. Let's say that, you know, there's this viral loop going on. Content that comes on is never static. As soon as it comes on, people are sharing it and interacting with it. So we do want to cut it off at the butt, like you said. So let's go down here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, if you have some ideas, we can go down that route and then we can bookmark the metrics discussion, but let's not forget the metrics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And certainly there's also people who post publicly, right? And then people interact with it and those go viral on the newsfeed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great. So your north star sounds like the number of flags and you have all these, uh, supplementary metrics that are going to help. I'm, I'm kind of curious if you think that, uh, like are these metrics strictly correlated to misinformation or could they also pop up for other types of viral content?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Absolutely. I know that earlier you wanted to surface some ideas. Did you want to talk briefly about that before we close the interview?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Awesome, Steven. So this is a great answer. Uhm, I'd love to give you an opportunity to provide some self-feedback and any tips that you want to give the audience as well. Sure. In terms of just general PM interviewing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure, yeaah, so I think one thing that I would do differently is include the mission of Facebook and think about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How this problem relates to the mission, if it's derailing us from the mission or if it's good for the mission but it's bad for PR, I think there's several different ways to think about how this fits into the mission.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I liked how you talked about the users, I liked how you went through and you listed some pretty interesting metrics. One that I would have included is, so this one would be sort of a supplementary metric, I think you were on the right track in terms of a North Star, but one that I would have thought about was the ratio of, of like comments to the likes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Perhaps there's a hypothesis that you can make where users or audience members who are talking more than liking something, maybe it's a controversial type of content. I think that's something that, you know, we could have talked about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, but overall, this is a great answer and I'd love to give you the stage if you have any general PM interviewing advice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Referrals are a great way. And thanks for the advice, Steven. It's awesome that you're coming back and giving back to the exponent community. And for the audience members, good luck with your upcoming PM interview. Bye bye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, we spoke another way of actually illustrating this zero conditional mean of errors assumption by saying that the covariance of ui with our independent variable xi won't be equal to zero.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So if either of these two things are true, or in fact both of them are true, then we know that this leads to a sort of beta hat OLS to be, uhm, biased.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I want to speak about why that's the case. So let's think about the example which I gave in the previous video, which was relating a company's level of sales to their amputizing expenditure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I said, we're not going to think about causality going in the other direction, even though it's probably the case that companies set their advertising budget according to their sales.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regressor mt and the error or composite error which is ut minus beta vt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we know that if this doesn't equal zero, then that's going to be a violation of the Gauss-Marcov assumption of no endogeneity, so OLS is likely going to be biased.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How are we going to show this? Well, this term here contains a vt. And we know that mt itself actually contains a vt by this relationship here, so this is going to be something like, and it's not going to be exactly, but it's going to be something like minus beta times the covariance of vt


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With, uhm, at plus vt, because I've sort of iteratively, uhm, sorry, I've substituted in here, uhm, at plus vt for mt. So, sort of writing that out in the next line, well, that's the same as the covariance of vt, uhm, with vt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where I've assumed that the covariance of vt with 80 is zero. Well, the covariance of vt with vt is just the variance of vt, which let's say I'm going to call sigma v squared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And in fact, this actually suggests the direction of bias in our OLS estimates. It's suggesting that our OLS estimates are going to be biased downwards. And the degree of that bias is going to be increasing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After a horrific weekend in Chicago. More needs to be done.


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[Assistant] How do I know I can trust you? I can't compete with love.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vogel, we're 20 miles from nowhere. I want you to have a little talk with your headquarters, so...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Public housing starts in the New Deal as a response to the poverty conditions and also slum conditions that existed in many cities. The idea was to clear the slums, build new housing, and this will make better citizens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this is the kind of government flow of money from Washington that Mayor Richard J. Daley was very interested in bringing to Chicago.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So yeaah, let's try that again, you wanted it simpler.


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[Assistant] Public housing failed in Chicago for a few very basic reasons.


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[Assistant] Planners made a choice to build housing for large families, families with five, six, seven children.


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[Assistant] In the end, these high-rise public housing developments were awful places to live. By any measure, high-rise public housing developments should have been closed for housing code violations like any other slum building in the city. By the late 1990s, everybody realized this had been a mistake.


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[Assistant] There's a failure of the city, a failure of the housing authority, a failure of the federal government in Washington to allow conditions to spiral down to that level.


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[Assistant] There were 30,000 families living in public housing. Where were people gonna go? Was there gonna be a revolt? Could this be pulled off?


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[Assistant] That's not a recipe for success that's a blueprint for disaster. It was too late.


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[Assistant] A Section 8 voucher says you the tenant can go find an apartment in a private housing market and we the federal government will help pay your rent.


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[Assistant] In big cities across America, the consensus is public housing doesn't work. And in Chicago, it's coming down. Chicago will destroy more public housing than any city in the country. The debate over what should replace them and who should live there has been fierce.


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[Assistant] The frustration over conditions in Chicago Housing Authority developments has reached a new high in Chicago.


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[Assistant] What those conditions meant, said the mayor, is that public housing in Chicago has failed.


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[Assistant] So, CHA Chairman Vince Lane pressed the snares for a loan of one billion dollars. To do what Lane says may be the only thing left to do.


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[Assistant] Sega's answer to Nintendo's Game Boy was the 8-bit Game Gear, released October of 1990 in Japan and April 1991 in North America.


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[Assistant] On paper, this should have killed Game Boy. I mean, this is a full color backlit screen.


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[Assistant] Versus spinach green vomit that I blame for my terrible vision.


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[Assistant] The Game Gear's game library was relatively small, but the system had a lot of exclusive games. One of those games, released only in Japan, was a 1995 game which can be translated as Godzilla Giant Monster March.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember when I did a video forever ago about the turn-based strategy game Godzilla 2 on the NES? Well, Giant Monster March is in that camp.


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[Assistant] Let's see if this one will make me lose my mind for the next seven videos like Godzilla 2 did. I don't own a game gear, but I actually do have the game. Look at this box art.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The scaling is all over the place. This isn't a giant monster march. This is Godzilla Muppet Babies. And Godzilla's the nanny.


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[Assistant] Usually we joke that games make Mecha King Ghidorah too big, but here he's the size of a chicken. He's Mecha King Ghidorah-able.


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[Assistant] I have this adapter for the RetroN 5 which will let us play this game, so let's give it a go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, so we have a problem. If you don't know Japanese, it's pretty tough to navigate this game. Lucky for us, there's now a fan-made patch that can turn a ROM of this game English!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right out of the gate you can feel that we're gonna be jumping around movies, mixing eras, but that's cool! So far I'm digging the vibe of the game. Check out these sprites! These are cool!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, there's Super Godzilla. But not the one from Super Godzilla. This is just a grey Godzilla, like a supercharged trendmaster's toy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Godzilla 2, you can only play as the military. Here, you can play as the military or the kaiju, which is a nice feature that doubles the value of every stage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, it's a very basic turn-based strategy game. It feels very streamlined. No extraneous nonsense. Just the basic and most intuitive elements. Move this here, move that there. But check out this game's battle feature. Instead of a slot machine mechanic like in Godzilla 2,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not the most exciting or challenging combat, but it's serviceable. I mean, it's already winning against every NES Godzilla game by virtue that these fights have backgrounds! A pet peeve of mine in all Godzilla video games is being attacked by these little dots. I understand why Godzilla hates armies, they're like mosquitoes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't tell if Godzilla's tail is supposed to be turned away from the camera or if this is the stubbiest, most adorable Godzilla tail I've ever seen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each fight is only allowed a certain amount of time before it cuts back to the map screen. It can get a bit stressful, as obviously you're trying to apply as much damage as fast as you can, and then you're ripped out of the fight while your heart's still racing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When I play as Godzilla, I tend to enjoy going the smashy smashy route.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Playing as the military can be fun too, because then you get to control things like Mechagodzilla, Mechakingadora, classic ships and weapons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now I keep comparing this to Godzilla 2 for NES, but it's not just because these are both turn-based strategy games. They are also both on 8-bit systems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now obviously both games are very different art styles, but I find Monster March so much better looking. It's vibrant, it's cleaner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a bit more of an energy that's missing from the drab Godzilla 2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we've got four stages loosely based on the Godzilla filmography. Stage one is basically Godzilla versus Gigan. You can even destroy the Godzilla tower!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now Stage 2 kind of combines a bunch of Heisei movies, and that includes Godzilla 1984, Godzilla vs Mothra, and Godzilla vs King Ghidorah. Oh shoot, he won! It's game over for Godzilla, but that's only because I wanted to stay true to the movie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, stage 3 is Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla 2, and if you play as the military, the objective is to keep baby Godzilla away from his dad. That feels like a cruel objective, but okay. This is fun because you immediately get to fly Garuda. Look out for Fire Rodan, though.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And luckily I held out long enough for Mechagodzilla to be deployed. Although, you know...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In these types of games, it could take a few turns to get where you want to go. In this case, getting Mechagodzilla to Garuda. All turns elapsed!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah yeaah, I forgot to mention that there are limited turns per game. In case you didn't notice that big note every round.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, Baby Godzilla is crying for help and burns down the entire city with his psychic powers! Alright, now I got him close enough to merge, let's do it! Super Mecha Godzilla! He packs a nice punch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's Godzilla vs. Space Godzilla. This movie had just come out in 1994, a year prior to this game. So, this is the exciting new Big Bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you're playing as Godzilla, you can't just walk right up to Space Godzilla and bitch slap him, no. No, you gotta take out the Fukuoka Tower first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel like because I just said Fukuoka, the YouTube bots are gonna demonetize me. The Space Godzilla stage is a bitch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it can go on for a very long time. Honestly, I've yet to win it myself. If you do defeat Space Godzilla and clear all stages, it unlocks a fifth stage based on the original Gojira movie. But this stage has a strange lack of... anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make it kind of special. I mean, it would have been cool if it were in black and white. Or maybe it merges a little with the next film and leads to a surprise fight with Anguirus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nah, listen, I like this game. It's served very well for what it is. An enjoyable, intuitive, basic strategy game. I like to play the earlier levels a lot. They're nice and quick so I can pick it up and just play for like 10 minutes. My criticisms are minable. One or two more stages would have been really awesome.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you have an itch to play a Godzilla strategy game, I recommend this over Godzilla 2, unless you prefer winning by chance and you hate backgrounds. I think if you really tried, you could figure out how to play the Japanese version of this game.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It helps if you know the basics of these type of strategy games beforehand, but otherwise get yourself the translation patch and check out Giant Monster March any way you can. And this is a good time to once again point out the surprising amount of Sega systems that got Godzilla games. Game Gear, Saturn, Dreamcast, Pico,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And yet, there's no Godzilla games on the Sega Genesis.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What the hell, these aren't real games! Oh I see, I'm not playing a Sega Genesis. I'm playing one of those early at-games retro consoles. Where it boasts it has all these games but half of them are these Windows 95 rejects. Why am I even bringing this up? Because of this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can kind of have an approach of that these guys have had all these...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Union jobs, I've seen guys get their high school diploma at an age when they thought that was completely beyond them and it was never going to happen for them. It's just an incredible experience when you get to be part of a guy doing something for themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He told a French publication quote, My handshake with President Trump was not innocent. We must show that we will not make small concessions, even symbolic ones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're single, I wanna talk about the single vit- Oh yea. S-single, uh, what's the name of it? Vitamin D. Vitamin D. Yea, because you know, a lot of women out here, they're, they're missing a lot of key nutrients in their life. And I just, I just want them to stay very healthy out in these streets. So they need the proper dose of vitamin D every day. You know what I mean?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You get it from sunshine and the crazy thing about that is in order to get the proper dose of vitamin D you have to have like 10 minutes on the front then you gotta flip over and get 10 minutes on the back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, hey, I'm not lying, you guys can look this up. Right. This is real.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I-I knew 100% I would because this is typical ludicrous behavior. If anybody has seen any of my videos, this is 100% meant to be, I like having fun like you. I like when people joke. I don't take myself too serious. Right. Ludicrous means beyond crazy, wild, ridiculous. This is all meant to be, so I'm giving people great entertainment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should do it. I'm telling you. Did it cost a lot of money? It cost a little something, but you know, that's what separates me from all the other artists out there. I hate when people try to be the same. Right. You know what I mean? You guys know what I'm talking about, right? You gotta be unique. Gotta be different. Very unique.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents, said Joe Crossley. It's so awful to be poor, agreed Meg, looking at her old dress.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not right for some girls to have pretty things and others to have nothing at all, said little Amy. We've got father and mother and each other, said Beth gently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The four young faces round the fire cheered up as they thought of this, but then Joe said sadly, We haven't got father, and we won't have him for a long time. She didn't say, perhaps never, but each silently thought it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mother says we shouldn't spend money on presents when our men are fighting war. We can't expect anything from mother or each other, said Joe.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But we only have a dollar each. And that won't help the army much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's each buy ourselves what we want and have a little fun. We work hard to earn it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can only be named but not categorized.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You did do me great honor, I said, smiling in spite of myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Adding a ruby ring to the blazing splendour of his costume was coals to Newcastle. But I was touched by the anxious thought behind it. I'll get one that fits ye so soon as I may, he promised. It's not important, I said, feeling slightly uncomfortable. I meant, after all, to be gone soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He paused for a moment before answering, smoothing the woolen cloth over his thighs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could see the long line of muscle taut under the drape of the heavy fabric. Well, I would have missed talking to you for one thing, he said, smiling. No, I mean it, I insisted. Why? He sobered then. Before I tell you, Claire, there's the one thing I'd ask of you, he said slowly. What's that? Honesty. I must have flinched uncomfortably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For he leaned forward earnestly, hands on his knees. I know there are things you'd not wish to tell me, Claire. Perhaps things that you can't tell me. You don't know just how right you are, I thought. I'll not press you ever, or insist on knowing things that are your own concern, he said seriously.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He looked down at his hands, now pressed together, palm to palm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are things that I cannot tell you, at least not yet. And I'll ask nothing of you that you cannot give me. But what I would ask of you, when you do tell me something, let it be the truth, and I'll promise you the same.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have nothing now between us, save respect perhaps.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think that respect has maybe room for secrets, but not for lies. Do you agree? He spread his hands out, palms up, inviting me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I could see the dark line of the blood vow across his wrist. I placed my own hands lightly on his palms. Yes, I agree. I'll give you honesty. His fingers closed lightly about mine. And I shall give you the same. No. He drew a deep breath. You asked why I wed you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am just the slightest bit curious, I said.


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[Assistant] He smiled, the wide mouth taking up the humor that lurked in his eyes.


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[Assistant] Well, I can't say I blame you. I had several reasons. And in fact, there's one.


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[Assistant] Maybe two that I cannot tell you. Yet, though I will in time.


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[Assistant] The main reason though, is the same reason you wed me, I imagine. To keep you safe from the hands of Jack Randall. I shuddered a bit at the memory of the captain, and Jamie's hands tightened on mine. You are safe, he said firmly. You have my name and my family, my clan, and if necessary, the protection of my body as well. The man will now lay hands on you again, while I live. Thank you, I said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking at that strong, young, determined face with its broad cheekbones and solid jaw, I felt for the first time that this preposterous scheme of doodles might actually have been a reasonable suggestion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He looked really out of place and sad. I was, you know, trying to be very sweet to him and sort of humouring him going, oh yes, when he was going, this is my rocket and, you know, this is my car.


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[Assistant] I should have had them ten minutes ago. It's bad enough having to lie here helpless without having to put up with your inefficiency and bad temper. Do you hear? Can't you even answer when I speak to you?


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[Assistant] You have the Bush administration, you have two oilmen at the very top, and they aren't sympathetic.


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[Assistant] We all use energy. We all know we need energy. There are a lot better ways.


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[Assistant] I thought perhaps I'd better wait until you came back. Came back? Where from? From wherever you've been to, madam.


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[Assistant] This is Radlumas. Hello.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay.


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[Assistant] This is not the right way to block a facility that represents the austerity of the nation. Compare it. What happened in England when David Cameron said, I'm going to take a license to use the ammunition against anyone trying to make a kind of deterioration in front of Downing Street or any facility. What happened? All of them withdrew.


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[Assistant] Why? Because, you know, the man is serious. And this is according to the law. So why you deny it from the Egyptian absurdity?


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[Assistant] Bismillah, Ar-Rahman, Ar-Rahim.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi there. In this video I'm going to be talking about the last of the Gauss-Markel assumptions, which is that of no perfect collinearity. So,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It probably depends on the size of that house, which we could sort of measure by the number of square feet in that house.


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[Assistant] But let's say that as well as including the square footage of that house in our regression, we also included the square meterage of that house. Well, I hope you can see that


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[Assistant] There is an exact relationship between our aggressors, which is something like the square footage of a given house. I is roughly equal to some number, or no, it's exactly equal rather to some number, which is around nine times the square meterage of that house.


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[Assistant] And notice here that the parameters beta 1 and beta 2 aren't going to be identified.


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[Assistant] What it is here is it's a problem in the way in which we have estimated our relationship. So no matter how much data we have on square footage and square meterage, we're still never going to be able to disentangle one's effect from the other because of this exact relationship between the two. If I know the square meterage of a house, I automatically know the square footage of that house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's think about another example where this could sort of, uhm, this issue of perfect collinearity might come up. So let's say you were interested in estimating how consumption depends on someone's non-labour income.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, but also you included in your aggression that sort of total income of an individual.


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[Assistant] So, or in specific, the total level of income which an individual has is equal to the sum of their non-labour income plus their salary.


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[Assistant] So there is some sort of exact relationship between their total level of income, their non-labour income and their salary. If I know an individual's salary and their non-labour income, I...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, you will get some sort of error message because of this issue of perfect collinearity between regressors. Which, another way of stating perfect collinearity means that there is some exact relationship between the regressors.


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[Assistant] Hey everyone, uhm, I'm Cherry, uh, I'm a former product manager at Google and one of the products I worked on was at YouTube.


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[Assistant] As well as Google Maps. I'm super excited to be doing the mock interview.


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[Assistant] Awesome. Okay, so just to clarify, I'm just going to repeat it back to help me. You ship YouTube comments on mobile devices.


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[Assistant] Uh, and comments engagement are up, but the YouTube watch time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, well I'll just kind of outline, uh, overall how I'd like to approach this. Uh, so I want to kind of clarify, uhm,


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[Assistant] You know, some of the terms in our question and set up the parameters for our discussion. I'll list some high level reasons that could be causing the problem.


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[Assistant] Establish a theory of probable cause and then we can try to test this theory and fix the problem. Does that sound good?


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[Assistant] Sweet, uhm, so yeah, clarifying and establishing the situation a bit further. I want to be really explicit about the goals of this launch, right? We should never launch a product


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[Assistant] So in this particular scenario, before the launch of YouTube comments, I would have expected that me and my team


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[Assistant] I'm just pulling a number here. Let's just assume that 50% of all YouTube watch time happens on mobile devices, right? And so the feature is YouTube comments on mobile.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so now, yes, we want these comments on mobile. Super exciting. By launching comments on mobile, we would definitely expect that comments engagement to go up. If comments engagement at launch is at a similar level to what we saw on desktop, then just by launching,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We should have essentially doubled comments engagement right by bringing it to mobile. So it's a given that comments engagement goes up.


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[Assistant] And let's say we set our success metric to be that comments engagement is at least 50% increased. You know, at minimum we have feature performance parity.


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[Assistant] So we won't be able to kind of so neatly fit all those three features on the screen at one time. Uhm, in launching comments, view zero.


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[Assistant] And therefore it's a pretty logical assumption that watch time is going to be affected, or more videos below.


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[Assistant] Uh, will be less seen, right? If we're showing less of those recommendations, then the users will watch less.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] User attention is a pretty limited resource. Uh, so if a user has 10 minutes to spend on YouTube, maybe they spend 7 minutes watching a video, their first video, and then they spend like 3 minutes watching a follow-up video from the recommendations. What if we're inserting comments?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe you spent seven minutes on the first video, and you spent three minutes browsing comments, and then we lose out on the extra three minutes of watch time that we might have gotten, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, given those, uh, let's, we, we assume that, you know, there's going to be some drop in watch time. Maybe we set a backstop metric of.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're okay with a 5% drop in YouTube watch time, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Backdrop- Backstop of 5%. Uh, does that sound reasonable?


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[Assistant] But the reason why I wanted to take the time to set this up is because it gives us a framework, right? Our launch criteria.


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[Assistant] Comments engagement are up, but YouTube watch time is down. What do I do?


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[Assistant] Well then that just depends entirely on the numbers, right? In one case, let's say common engagement is 50% increased, watch time drop 4%.


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[Assistant] And that's, that's how you make a clear decision. Like you can't have something happen in the data and be like, well, I actually don't know about that. Right. So I think if we establish good launch criteria, then less than 5% is okay. Yes, the watch time is down, but we're going to launch. The second case could be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And my overarching goal here is to identify the problem causing this, let's say 10% drop, right? Uh, propose and execute a fix so that the metrics get to within our launch criteria. And then we can safely roll out the feature. Uhm, cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So before I start breaking it down, uh, there's one more thing I wanted to clarify, which is this measure of engagement, right? I was kind of talking broadly about the 50%, but, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How would you kind of like to define comment engagement? Is it by the number of comments created, the number of replies to comments, the number of likes on a comment, time spent scrolling on comments, taps on a comments, you know, all of the above? Just love to know if there's anything in particular you had in mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sweet. Okay, cool. And can I also assume that we have some spam abuse detection in place? Because, uh, you know, for a big company to roll out a open forum of texts, I think it is a risk to not assume that we put some measure of abuse in place so that these are not just spam.


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[Assistant] At a very high level, the decline in watch time is due to one, users watching less minutes of YouTube videos, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and we also know that users are creating, replying, liking and sharing more comments on YouTube. Uh, so to start the diagnosing the cause of these behaviors,


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[Assistant] I'll begin by asking the following questions to get some more context around the decline in relation to the launch of comments. Uh, so first of all, let's just kind of think about the time period, right?


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[Assistant] Is this decline in watch time a one time event, uhm, or has it happened sort of progressively? Uh, essentially, what does that graph look like?


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[Assistant] Uhm, or is it a big drop of watch time on day one of the launch when everyone saw the new comments feature and just went absolutely crazy for it? Uh, but now it's recovering slowly, so maybe our seven day rolling average looks a little shaky, but we know that it's going to go back up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would definitely ask if there are any technical problems that coincided. 10% is a big drop. You know, check to make sure that the watch time looks healthy in the control group as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know if the decline in engagement is progressive and the cause is still there, then we continue diving deeper into data.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but each language has different types of text. I'm just kind of...


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[Assistant] I'm ideating here on what could be the cause for some of these different countries having different results.


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[Assistant] Uh, could be one line in Chinese, but take up five lines in German, which is a super long language. Did that impact how long our comment section sort of expanded to?


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[Assistant] Uh, and therefore potentially affect the amount of scrolling that users have to do in one region to get to the recommended videos below or, um,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If so, I would definitely compare the drop of YouTube watch time engagement on each platform with engagement across all platforms, right? Does something about our new feature, the way that we built it.


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[Assistant] Properly accommodate for tap target sizes, uhm, across different screens.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so this series of questions, for me, kind of helps me fine tune where that problem is, is really coming from and, you know.


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[Assistant] When it comes to listening, you know, all these possible causes because, you know, then we can establish the theory of probable cause.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, yeaah. So we'll, we'll, we'll rule out, let's say we checked all the countries, looks like it's declining in all the countries.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and uhm, the situation is generally not due to some tech glitch, right? Uhm, so yeaah, then...


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[Assistant] Uhm, I want to continue diagnosing what could cause users to behave in the two ways I described, right, which is one, they're creating, replying, liking more content, uh, comments, so the aggregate score is going up, but two, watching less video. Uh, so concerning the reduced watch time, uhm, the most important question for me, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a bunch of like low-hanging fruit that we can try out, right? We can consider some treatments to reduce the size, show less comments, and more recommended, more recommendations. If at launch maybe we did three comments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then a expansion and then the recommended videos. We could try showing just two or just one comment to save space to push up the recommendations. This could be something we just run quickly to see if indeed


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, we start to reduce the impact on watch time. Like it doesn't have to be the final solution. I think these are things that we can test.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, make the barrier to clicking another video lower.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so I think there's a lot of things we can play with here in the category of how do we make the, the portion of videos below the, the currently playing videos, so that all those recommendations, how can we make that more appealing, how can we up the, uh, the engagement with them because that, we're seeing that there's a lot of reduction of watch time there, right?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do users not know you can scroll down to see more, uhm, more recommendations? Like previously, they're used to seeing their recommendations right below the video, but we've put comments and then maybe there's this assumption like, oh, it's just the comments and that's the end.


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[Assistant] Uhm, so a potential solution here I think is like trying to add a tooltip or some education


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[Assistant] Educational banner of like, by the way, like we added comments, but you can still scroll down to see all the recommendations that you know and love. Right?


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[Assistant] So I think that's, that's the, for me, if we answer the question of like the reduction, reduction of wash time is coming entirely from


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, if this were the case, it could explain why users are not watching as much. Uh, I mean, I get that this, this is a,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of those cases where we probably see a drastic decline as opposed to a progressive decline. If we somehow wiped the recommendations from the screen entirely, then


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, we'd probably see a cliff in terms of the engagement. So the probability of this being the cause is small.


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[Assistant] Uhm, but yeaah, I think, you know, just keeping a very tight eye on what's happening, everything, uh, everything that's happening within the, uh, the YouTube recommendations below the current video.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, let's, we can think about whether there's been an increase in video reports or user dissatisfaction on recommended videos. You know, poor recommendations could cause users to leave the app and be a possible cause of this progressive decline in engagement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, or even, you know, the results of a targeted attack where hackers try to drive up malicious content in this feed, right? We know that's happened where people


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, we have this new UI where instead of seeing my module of recommended videos right below my current video, it's been pushed below her. Like there's a couple things I think we can try in terms of making that more prominent, making that first tap into


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and you know, I also want to, I think, do some due diligence and even though we see overall that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Would have been tapping on more videos, they're the ones commenting and it's not some mismatch here where we're assuming that that's the case when maybe it's not, right? Uhm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and, and just continue to test each of these probable causes to identify the exact source. Uhm, and you know, if we do find that, that thing that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Helps us lift the, uh, the decline to the right level, and then I think we can safely launch the feature.


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[Assistant] I think a setup for an experiment like this is we just have multiple arms. You always have a control and then you would have, you know, an arm perhaps with three comments and then an arm with two comments and an arm with one comment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we'd compare what the decline of watch time looks across all of those four arms that I just set up, right? So the variable that we're testing is the number of comments that we show. How does that impact decline on watch time? So we know that with our control, there should be no impact on watch time. And we know that with three comments, which was our initial launch,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, another AB could be like, we want to put a new tool tip that says, by the way, more recommendations below. We have a control, no tool tip.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and, uh, a test arm where we put the tool tip and just kind of compare the engagement and the, the impact on the watch time.


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[Assistant] We definitely choose the arm that's best. I mean, if, if we can, it also I think depends on the, uh, the comments engagement. If comments engagement is the same for both, then let's choose the arm.


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[Assistant] I think the reason it's so important to have that always at the back of our minds is because


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[Assistant] That therefore we don't see some data from a result, uh, experiment result and be like, well, this kind of seems bad or this kind of seems better. Um, we always have, um, what we decided at the beginning to guide us. And we know that, you know, 40% common engagement is not what we're looking for. So even though it only impacted.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I mean, I think it is interesting to consider the implications, uh, for specifically this question with, um, abuse. Uh, I know that we kind of decided that we were just gonna assume that we have some abuse system, but I do think, um, it is important to consider in, in real product, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I do think that when we think about things like, oh, engagement has gone up a ton, um, abuse is definitely a big thing that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, should be a part of the question for any media site. Uhm, but yeaah, I, I didn't obviously want to...


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[Assistant] If a well is drilled next to your residence or near your residence within the legal setbacks,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there's a perceived or real impact on your property value. We don't address that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] House Bill 1341 may be one of the most significant things that we accomplished in this legislative session.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It reorganized the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. We believe it brings a better balance to the commission so that it's not dominated by any one interest group. But we're going to be responsible as we move forward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're going to be mindful of the impact as the number of drilling applications climb and as the number of impact complaints climb as well.


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[Assistant] Hobby Flappy must go. Must go. He needs to go to the bathroom. Do you have to go?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hmm, should we go back outside?


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[Assistant] Wait. This is it, isn't it? Why did I?


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[Assistant] I've looked into, uh, doing it legit and, uh, dumping my, my cartridges and stuff like that.


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[Assistant] From each box that was shipped to me. Each box has 250, so this is one out of each of them. They all work. They all connected to my Wii.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, well, we're gonna go to Wii Sports. We're gonna play a little bit of baseball with each of these remotes and see how they do.


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[Assistant] Okay, Wii Remote number one is choosing baseball. Should've probably used number three or four to do this. But number one, we'll get it done. I assure you.


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[Assistant] Uh, I wanna play someone with a really low skill level, so... We're gonna go ahead and give Grasshopper attention again.


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[Assistant] So this is number one. We'll, we'll use number one for the first batter. Oh, fuck me. Uh, number one is fired. It, it, it. Okay, here we go. Alright, we remote number one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I must say, if you're used to an actual Nintendo Wii remote, like a Toad Wii remote, or something of that sort, like a Wii remote actually made by Nintendo,


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[Assistant] There is a little bit more latency with these remotes that you gotta get used to. Okay, so I'm going with remote 2 now. It is still not working.


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[Assistant] Apparently, apparently, Wii Sports is a genius and actually remembers exactly which Wii Remote you were using.


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[Assistant] When you pause. Yeaah. Now my original number one controller is now controller two. But it is still the only remote I can play with. After restarting the game it does work.


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[Assistant] How are we both the same color? Have you, have I ever seen it where we're both the same color on each team?


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[Assistant] I really just swung at a splitter. On the first pitch. The dude swung- oh Jesus. I'm gonna try pausing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In THEN changing the order of the Ramones. Okay, that worked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Apparently you have to pause the game before doing that. Ah shit.


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[Assistant] If the game doesn't pause before that and you just go right into the Wii menu and do it,


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[Assistant] Eh, it's not a home run, but we hit it right on target. Alright, I'm switching to controller four now. Oh no.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow. We didn't get a single strike, er, home run with any of these remotes. That is not a showcase. Well, we're gonna try pitching with controller 4 here. We'll try a splitter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not sure if you can hear from my microphone, but the Wii Remote speaker is definitely working.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rarely does that over-exaggerated jump frickin' work. Wow! What a snag!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanna try to get a homerun. Is this Abby? Abby, come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, that's not a fucking home run. The beef remote might be the remote you give your friend when he comes over, he or she comes over to play Wii with you. And then you destroy them and everything and be like, eh, I don't know, you just suck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When in reality you know that the beef remote has, uh, a special bit of delay. I just wanna hit a home run. That's it. I'm gonna quit the game the second I get a home run. Shit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Does Grasshopper have skill? He does. Okay, we're not playing against the easiest opponents. So I'll give myself a little break for that, but still. Should hit a home run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm c- I- I- I don't know, this- Hold up. I'm starting to think it's not the beef hormones.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I gotta, I gotta try something. I have this new capture card. And I'm... I don't know. Something, something's up. Something's up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, I have switched back to my old capture card. To see...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] See, but now I'm used to having to swing early. I-I-I don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think there is still a little bit more of a delay than I'm used to with the beefermount, but there was even more delay coming from my new capture card.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, for sure. The capture card was part of, biggest part of the problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, fuck my ass. Come on my face, Abby. Let's get it going. Ech, that's not what I want. I want a home run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, we're done. Really what I should do is I should get a home run in one game with each remote. So that's four home runs, one game. It starts right meow. Aw, fucking sidearm, nevermind. That's actually closer than I thought I might be. We're gonna go ahead and restart. And not get a sidearm. I shouldn't have swung. I'm so antsy, all I wanna do is hit a home run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, that should be Wii Remote number one. Please, no. Thank you. Okay, Wii Remote number one's home run is over. Dammit, Wii Remote number two!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Either Wii Remote number two, beef remote number two gets its shit together or else beef remote number two is going to be the first beef remote to break.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yea, now, NOW you wanna hit the ball like a big boy!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nope, that's not far enough. Way to go B4mo number two, you got an out! You fucking proud of yourself? That's still not it. That is still not it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nope, that's not far enough, is it? Is it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But ma- maybe we point out again that this- this remote-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has perfected the ability to just hit it just short of a home run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Y-y-y-surely. It's not- It's not a home run again! I'm mindfucked. My brain is mashed potato fucked again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I thought for sure this was the stud of the class. This remote, it seemed to be the best one. But now I'm realizing it meant nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is with getting very close to home runs but not getting them?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I-I mean, I get those hits every so often, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you Abby, your homerun saved beef remote number 3's life. I've hit a homerun with every single beef remote, I'm done now. Well, those are the beef remotes, they work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they work just like any other third party Wii Remote would work, I think. And now it's time for me to get to shipping these. So you guys will have to let me know, hit me up on Instagram or Twitter. And let me know how your beef remote works when you get it. If you got, uh, if you did manage to get one. Alright, I'm done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First time I met Sid was at a Saturday morning art class in Cambridge, when I suppose I was nine or ten and he was eight or nine. We became close, you know, when we were teenagers, talking about smoking dope, but not doing it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We, we always had this notion that when we hit London, I knew it was clear he was going to come up to London as well because London was the mecca and that was where one had to be. And, uh, that we would start a band together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, Nick and Rick were the sort of permanent ones. There were a bunch of other people who were all at the Regent Street Poly. One guy who was a tutor there, called Mike Leonard.


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[Assistant] There's something about the way the lyric attaches to the meter in a very satisfying way, but then it gets, but I borrowed it, kind of kicks it off into, there's something very English about that, about the completeness of that, and yet,


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[Assistant] And uhm, what Sid would do is through every run-through or rehearsal we would rehearse, we were miming to see him play or something like that. And through the run-throughs he'd be miming away.


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[Assistant] And then they go, okay, we'll take it, because we were taping it. And then when they went, ACTION! It's down there like that.


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[Assistant] Cut! Cut! Okay, we're doing it now, guys. Ready? And Sid, go, yeah, yeah, yeah. And he'd do it, and he'd do it again and again until finally, he had to say, listen, he's a bit weird, you know, I'll mime it.


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[Assistant] The thought of losing the flow of songs was...


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[Assistant] So he said, why doesn't he just write songs and come and record and we'll go and do gigs, but there's no way we can do that.


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[Assistant] If I heard somebody saying that, I'd like to say, okay, well, you know, if we were at a gig,


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[Assistant] Quite nice sometimes to say, okay, go on, look, there it is. Get stuck in. In fact, you can open the show. It's gonna be 4,000 people in here in half an hour.


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[Assistant] Get up there and knock them out, man. And they'd then say, oh, but uhm,


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[Assistant] I wrote a number of questions on a set of cards, on a set of white cards like that, and then we set up a microphone in Studio 3 at Abbey Road, and the cards were just sitting there on a, uhm,


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[Assistant] When the great economic collapse happens, it's gonna happen right across the board.


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[Assistant] You know, every six months somebody says it with an enormous conviction. It's not gonna happen.


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[Assistant] Uhm, and it describes as well the, uhm, great desire I had then and still have now, and the passion I have.


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[Assistant] Uhm, to celebrate him and his talent and his humanity and to express the love that I have for him.


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[Assistant] Let it be said that although the violence is tempered with, uhm,


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[Assistant] I don't know, the sound behind the guitar set, those two, kind of, uh,


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[Assistant] Well, the idea for The Wall came from ten years of touring with rock shows, I think. Particularly the last few years when, uh,


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[Assistant] In 75 and in 77, we were playing to very large audiences. Some of whom were our old audience, who'd come to hear what we wanted to play.


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[Assistant] The story has been developed considerably since then. This was two years ago. I started to write it.