[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My name is Autant Le Quarelier, and I come from a family of stonemasons living in the town of Rouen, France.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, I am a stonemason too. I wouldn't do anything else, because over the centuries, stonemasons have built marvelous structures in every corner of the world, from the Egyptian pyramids to the Parthenon in Greece.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We stonemasons have always been in demand for our great skills, and the work we do cutting and shaping stone hasn't changed much. But at this time, in 1220, stonemasons are building a greater variety of structures, bridges, cathedrals, and castles than ever before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My father was a master stonemason, but he did not teach me the trade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He paid another master mason nearby to take me on as an apprentice when I was 11 years old.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I lived with this master mason for seven years to learn the craft. I was taught how to select stone from the quarry, a deep excavation pit outside of town that contains the material we use.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then I learned how to use the tools of masonry. Hammers, chisels, the compass, and the set square.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The set square helps me make sure the walls I build are straight and true, so that my corners form 90 degree angles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I learned how to use my hammer and chisel to turn a rough block of stone into a carved and polished building block.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My master showed me how to work the stone carefully and patiently and how to place the finished stone into position in a wall and set it in mortar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eventually, I left my teacher and began the life of a journeyman, someone who has finished his apprenticeship but is not yet a master mason.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Journeymen masons often travel from place to place looking for work. Whenever I came to a new town, I'd visit the local guild hall, a place where a stonemason can find a job, place to sleep, and good food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Master Masons at the Guildhall test the Journeymen, and if they're skilled and pass the test, the Master Masons hire them. Once a Journeyman gets a job, he chisels his personal mark on the stone he carves so the Master Mason can evaluate his work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of the buildings that stonemasons create are so tall and beautiful that many people believe our skills must be magical.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the secret to our success is geometry, which we learn early in our apprenticeship. Geometry is a branch of mathematics that involves the relationships between lines and angles, and the size, shape, and position of objects within space. Geometry makes masonry possible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After working as a journeyman for a number of years, I acquired the skills to become a master mason. And now, I direct the masonry work at the cathedral in Chartres.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 26 years ago, in 1194, most of the building was destroyed when a lightning strike caused a huge fire, which consumed a lot of the town as well. People were very upset since the town was a popular pilgrimage destination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, the local bishop decided to rebuild the cathedral and make it much grander. It's taken a long time, but we're almost finished.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Since I am responsible for the entire project, I hire the journeymen masons, carpenters, glassmakers, and all the other laborers necessary.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over 200 people work for me, and I live in a temporary house right next to the construction site, so I'm always on hand to supervise the work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My stonemasons are divided into two groups. One group works at the quarry five miles away, cutting and shaping the rocks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the other group polishes the stone blocks on site and sets them in place with mortar. To cut the rocks, a mason uses a number of tools, including axes, chisels, and hammers. The axe is used to hack at the rock to remove large chunks of unwanted stone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make the rock even smaller, a mason uses a chisel to chip off smaller pieces of rock. By doing this at the quarry, we greatly reduce the rocks weight, which makes it easier to transport to the building site.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The previous cathedral was small and had very few windows, so it was dark and gloomy inside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The new church has tall towers that seem to climb up to heaven and huge stained glass windows that fill the cathedral with light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To achieve these breathtaking effects, I used full-scale drawings on plaster on the site's floor. They helped me visualize the project and calculate the amounts of materials and the number of men I would need.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For this cathedral, we worked from the early spring through the warm months, which allowed the mortar holding the stones in place to dry thoroughly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] During the winter, construction stopped, and the masons carved the statues on the west wall of the cathedral.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Masons also carved other, smaller statues, such as gargoyles, which direct rainwater away from the building, so it does not damage the foundation. Masons must pay very close attention to small details. As the cathedral began to rise, my Masons had to work at great heights, very dangerous work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My former teacher was badly hurt when he fell during the construction of the cathedral in Reims.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting building materials to these heights was difficult, but we managed. We accomplished this by leaving openings called put log holes in the stone at regular intervals. We used the holes to hold logs on which we place wood planks to create platforms that can be reached by a ladder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then we used special cranes to hoist the stone up to our workmen on the platforms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the building is finished, the logs and platforms will be removed and the put log holes filled in with mortar. It can be dangerous work, but I love working with stone, and I'm proud that this cathedral will live on after me. It will proclaim to future generations that whenever the highest quality of craftsmanship is needed, stonemasons will be there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good day. My name is Melanie Hoff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm a 30 year old zookeeper at the Auckland Zoo in New Zealand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've been a zookeeper for seven years, but even now in 2009, each day feels like a new beginning because you never know what to expect when animals are involved. Right now, I am working with tigers and cheetahs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Last year, something very extraordinary happened with our Sumatran tigers, Malik and Oz. They became the proud parents of three tiger cubs. But before I get into that,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me tell you a bit more about how I became a zookeeper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a little girl, I loved animals. I had a pet hamster and two dogs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My father was a veterinarian, an animal doctor, and every summer he would volunteer at the zoo. Sometimes I accompanied him


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I would spend my time following all the zookeepers around, asking lots of questions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I found out quickly that zoos aren't just parks where wild and exotic animals are on display.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Zoos are places that create public awareness about the kinds of animals in our world, how they live, and how to protect them. In college, I studied zoology.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A branch of biology that deals with animals and animal life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I learned how to classify animals from starfish to elephants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And by the time I graduated, I knew all about how different animals behave, what they like to eat, and where they live.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Classroom study is very important, but zoos need people with hands-on experience with animals too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I volunteered at the zoo, just like my dad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now, I am taking care of our Sumatran tigers, which are the smallest of all tiger species.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They are found in the wild only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, nowhere else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sumatran tigers are threatened because of the loss of their natural habitat and illegal poaching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Their habitat is being destroyed in part because the trees are being logged to make paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And they are killed because tiger bones are used in traditional Chinese medicine. And hunters want their teeth and claws for trophies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is part of my job to educate people about endangered species. But my first priority is to take care of the tigers to the best of my ability. My day starts around 7.30am.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every morning, the zookeepers from the different animal areas in the zoo have a brief meeting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We discuss any changes in the behavior, diet, skin quality or co-condition of the animals in our care.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next, my coworkers and I prepare food for the tigers, which is usually meat on the bone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We hide the food throughout the exhibit so our tigers can experience more natural foraging behavior.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tigers are moved back and forth between the different areas or kept in cages in the tiger house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most enclosures usually have ponds and climbing surfaces within a natural looking environment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The water needs to be fresh and all the areas where the animals spend time are secure and safe for both the animals and the zoo personnel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] New animals arrive at our zoo all the time. Some are from other zoos, while others are rescued from the wild.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If they are sharing an enclosure, they need to learn to get along with the other animals. So training is very important.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For example, a zookeeper communicates with clear signals, which can be gestures or vocal cues, to tell animals to enter or exit certain sections of their enclosures.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At our zoo, we have two very friendly Asian elephants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fairkeeper has trained these gigantic creatures to walk around the zoo and remain calm, even when excited visitors scream with delight. We also have daily animal encounters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Specified times when visitors can see and learn about some of their favorite animals, such as giraffes, orangutans, and even snakes up close.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The keepers explain the animal's habits, what they like to eat, and how they like to play.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sometimes the zookeepers will allow visitors to pet some of the animals, but safety is always a top priority.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's important to remember that the zoo is not a circus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the past, zoo animals were kept in small cages and made to do tricks to entertain people. Thankfully, things have changed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you can see, being a zookeeper is a lot of work, but it's also a lot of fun.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One time, a television crew was filming at our zoo.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the sound man held up a big microphone with a fluffy cover on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of our cheetahs noticed this fluffy thing and decided to play with it. People burst out laughing. But scary things happen too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One day, I surprised a gorilla when I touched her, and she turned around and almost bit my hand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was entirely my fault, and I was reminded again that these are wild animals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The saddest part of my job is when an animal dies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I still remember when Nisha, one of our Sumatran tigers, died in May 2006. All of us at the zoo still miss her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But the best part of my job is when we welcome new animal babies into our zoo family.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In early 2008, Nisha's younger sister Malik mated with Oz, another Sumatran tiger, and gave birth in June to three cubs, two males and one female.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The entire country was ecstatic over the news.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being a zookeeper doesn't pay very well, and it involves long hours. So why do so many people want to become zookeepers?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fewer than 400 Sumatran tigers remain in the wild.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the publicity surrounding the birth of these cubs educated people about how endangered Sumatran tigers are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suddenly, everyone wanted to help save Sumatran tigers from extinction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Through education, the public comes to understand the need to preserve any species that is in danger of being destroyed and lost forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I believe there is nothing more rewarding than my work as a zookeeper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is the best job a human can do for the earth and all its living things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why would we need such a thing? Neuroscientists face a challenge. Shielded by our thick skulls and swaddled in layers of protective tissue, the human brain is extremely difficult to observe in action.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For centuries, scientists have tried to understand them using autopsies, animal models, and in recent years, imaging techniques.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We've learned a lot through all these methods, but they have limitations. Conditions like Alzheimer's and schizophrenia and the effect on the human brain of diseases like Zika continue to hide beyond our view and our understanding.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Enter brain organoids, which function like human brains, but aren't part of an organism.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Each one comes from an undifferentiated stem cell, which is a cell that can develop into any tissue in the body, from bone to brain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Scientists can make undifferentiated stem cells from skin cells.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That means they can take a skin sample from a person with a particular condition and generate brain organoids from that person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The hardest part of growing a brain organoid, which stumped scientists for years, was finding the perfect combination of sugars, proteins, vitamins, and minerals that would induce the stem cell to develop a neural identity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was only discovered recently, in 2013. The rest of the process is surprisingly easy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A neural stem cell essentially grows itself, similar to how a seed grows into a plant. All it needs are the brain's equivalents of soil, water, and sunlight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A special gel to simulate embryonic tissue, a warm incubator set at body temperature, and a bit of motion to mimic blood flow. The stem cell grows into a very small version of an early developing human brain, complete with neurons that can connect to one another and make simplified neural networks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As many brains grow, they follow all the steps of fetal brain development. By observing this process, we can learn how our neurons develop, as well as how we end up with so many more of them in our cortex, the part responsible for higher cognition, like logic and reasoning, than other species.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Being able to grow brains in the lab, even tiny ones, raises ethical questions like, can they think for themselves or develop consciousness? And the answer is no, for several reasons.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A brain organoid has the same tissue types as a full-sized brain, but isn't organized the same way. The organoid is similar to an airplane that's been taken apart and reassembled at random. You could still study the wings, the engine, and other parts, but the plane could never fly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Similarly, a brain organoid allows us to study different types of brain tissue, but can't think.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And even if many brains were organized like a real brain, they still wouldn't be able to reason or develop consciousness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Scientists aren't likely to grow larger brain organoids anytime soon. Without blood vessels to feed them, their size is limited to one centimeter at most.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, many brains aren't able to interact with the outside world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We learn by interacting with our environments, receiving inputs through our eyes, ears, and other sensory organs, and reacting in turn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The complex neural networks that underlie conscious thoughts and actions develop from this feedback loop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without it, the organoids can never form a functional network.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's nothing quite like the actual human brain, but mini-brains are an unprecedented tool for studying everything from development to disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With luck, these humble organoids can help us discover what makes the human brain unique, and maybe bring us closer to answering the age-old question, what makes us human?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] TedEd is a non-profit. If you value our work, please consider supporting it on patreon.com slash teded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got something very special for you, Fritz. But you will have to wait till tonight to open your toys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know I can't say no to you. Alright. Anyway, I think this Christmas night is going to be magical!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh? Don't be so sure, my child. It's Christmas after all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I also had a really healthy, bright, vibrant Japanese soba noodle salad with miso glazed salmon and some pasta there as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These are the only ingredients you can use, so no regular pantry, no garden, and no staples under your benches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now remember you are cooking for your place in this competition. Whoever cooks the least impressive dish today will sadly be going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You show time and time again such steely determination to take things down to the wire, the nail biting finish, and boy was that worth waiting for because pastry perfection, nothing more to say.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love the texture of the noodles, that it has that great chew about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's a full-figured curvy girl, your salad, and I like curves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel like we're all surprised about what you got done in 75 minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was about as close to transcendental dessert magic I've ever seen. It's not too sweet. The coffee balances with the lemon balances with everything else. The textures are distinct and cohesive. You have play of temperature and texture. It's just so highly conceived. It blows my little noggin. I feel privileged to eat it. So thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That chocolate layer, it was like velvet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether or not your panna cotta would set. I was super worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The crumb is a bit blonde and similarly the char on the peaches was a little bit timid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, the salmon is just, just a smidge over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The walnut cream, I loved the texture, but the flavor balance was out for me. Too much lemon. I didn't get any of that beautiful nutty flavor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Putting the avocado through the tomb, I've never ever seen that before. The kebab is just a bit flowery.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's the worst night of sleep I've had since I've been in the house. The fact that I could go home. You think you can prepare yourself for that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without a word of a lie, that is the meal my son comes home for. But I'm tasting the chicken and it's overwhelmingly moist. And I'm thinking, oh I think I'm good at this, but I don't know if I'm this good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've completed the tarragon butter and now I have to stuff that carefully underneath the skin. I've done that a thousand times before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But also you can't afford to get too cocky here because if I break that skin, it's game over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With my roast chicken, I always serve duck fat potatoes. You know, it is a absolute crowd pleaser at my house. They love duck fat potatoes. Good work, Mandy! These aren't cooking in time!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm checking my potatoes that are parboiling in the pot, and I know eventually they'll come good, but they're not coming good quick enough for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm looking around, I realise I've got enough stocks to sink a ship, but no graping.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to get back working on this gravy. It's a crucial element. I've got this beautiful tray of juices and vegetables to work with. You know, I use that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I bring over the stock that I have been making and add that. Somehow I've gotta bring this together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Put up this gravy. I might as well go right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whilst I thought it was an easy dish, I've put everything that I've got into it. Yeah, I want it to be great.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm looking at this gravy though, and in my heart of heart, I know that there's a massive problem.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm looking at this gravy and in my heart of heart, I know that there's a massive problem. And this gravy could potentially send me home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very much what I would give you if you came to my home. You know, people who love food love to feed people. So it was a wonderful opportunity for me to present to you what I would if you were in my home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A butterfly is sitting on a flower.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The wings of a dragonfly have a net-like pattern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The front legs of a mantis have sharp spines.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A cricket is chirping. cricket cricket


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A grasshopper jumps very well. grasshopper


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Better than good. You're supposed to help people in trouble. And boy, could I use some help now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please hurry, Mr. Tracker. The radioactive power in that meteor is the key to my new life saving technique. The wrong people could use it for destruction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just doing my job. And right now, that job includes figuring out what to do with the meteor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're cooking Mexican breakfast. Chilaquiles, bit like nachos, but uhm, I guess you can have it any time. Any time, especially with the beer in. Doing, uh, verde, so green style. Uh, tomatillos are in the oven, getting nice and roasted. The hot chili sauce, some of that Oaxaca cheese. This is like your first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It sounds like a day off to me. I learnt a lot from your masterclass. Be true to yourself, cook the food you love. I think you are learning, which is good to see, but it's all about how the old chilli quiles comes to the table. Just on a bite with an egg and a couple of beers. Perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the jalapeno and peach hot sauce, I want to make a bespoke hot sauce that the guys can just chuckle over the top. Take the membrane out and the jalapeno seeds because I don't want it too hot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 75 minutes to make the tortilla chips? Yeah, I could probably do it, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is unashamedly a rustic dish. There's tortilla chips sitting there. Grab the tortilla chips and use those. Simple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looking at steak right there. My breakfast nachos are almost done. This is a dish that's not supposed to be refined. Presentation is like, just eat me. Can't read that, can you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The corn is done. Breadcrumbs fried in butter and burnt butter is done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chili QS Verde, salsa verde, avocado crema, jalapeno and peach hot sauce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Goes into tomorrow's immunity challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, you'll need to start cooking one of the courses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the 40 minute mark, you swap again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Particularly when it comes to Southeast Asian cuisine and it's very dear to my heart, I always look for harmony and balance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is something I grew up eating. All those floors are so familiar, but you have elevated and sophisticated something that we love. The execution and the technique is just flawless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Layer upon layer upon layer. Three courses. Risky move. But...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The asparagus, it is elegant, beautifully presented, perfectly cooked, very, very tender. The steak.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What I love about Middle Eastern cuisine is just so much passion, heart, soul, love. And you look at these dishes, the romance of the unity of colour across all three.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The textures, everything here just looks so generous and so vibrant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The May and the Samkara. Edie is such a delicate fish and you really need to understand it and give it what it needs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean forget food trends and flour cooking and, you know, foam soils. This is food you want to eat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I loved that beautiful sort of caramelisation on the skin of the bird. Every single part of this was succulent. You want to pick it up with your fingers, just tear that thing apart and eat it with your hands and dip it into that sauce and I just absolutely loved it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eat your broccoli, or the giant monster will come and eat it all and become very strong. But you want the monster to be stronger than you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well son, if you don't shower, then you will start smelling and no one will be friends with you. Do you want that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well sure, but maybe some other day, I need to attend to my father right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm going to check on my father. I want to make sure that he is eating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I will buy a new bowl for you. Do not worry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna tell you a little bit about my TEDx Houston talk. I woke up the morning after I gave that talk with the worst vulnerability hangover of my life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I actually didn't leave my house for about three days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when I walked in, she was already at the table and I sat down and she said, God, you look like hell. I said, thanks. Uhm, I feel really.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm, I'm not functioning. And she said, what's going on? And I said, I just told 500 people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she said, I saw your talk livestreamed, it was, it was not really you, uhm, it was a little different than what you usually do, but it was great. And I said,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This can't happen. YouTube, they're putting this thing on YouTube. And we're gonna be talking about 600, 700 people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Brene, what are you doing? What are you doing? Why did you bring this up? Have you lost your mind? Your sisters would be perfect for this. So I look back up and she said, are you really going to try to break in and steal the video before they put it on YouTube? And I said, I'm just thinking about it a little bit. She said,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I looked at her and I said something that at the time felt a little dramatic, but ended up being more prophetic than dramatic. I said, if 500 turns into a thousand, or two thousand, my life is over.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had no contingency plan for four million.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And my life did end when that happened. And maybe the hardest part about my life ending is that I...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Learned something hard about myself and that was that...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As much as I would be frustrated about not being able to get my workout to the world, there was a part of me that was working very hard to an engineer, staying small. Staying right under the radar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I want to talk about what I've learned. There's two things that I've learned in the last year. Uhm, the first is,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me ask you honestly, and I'll give you this warning, I'm trained as a therapist so I can outweigh you uncomfortably.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so if you could just raise your hand, that would be awesome. Uhm, how many of you honestly, when you're thinking about doing something vulnerable or saying something vulnerable,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank God vulnerability is weakness. This is weakness. How many of you think of vulnerability and weakness synonymously? The majority of people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now let me ask you this question, this past week at TED.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How many of you, when you saw vulnerability up here, thought it was pure courage?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Vulnerability is not weakness. I define vulnerability as emotional risk, exposure, uncertainty.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It fuels our daily lives. And I've come to the belief, this is my 12th year doing this research.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That vulnerability is our most accurate measurement of courage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To be vulnerable, to let ourselves be seen, to be honest.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the weird things that's happened is after the TED explosion, uhm, I got a lot of offers to speak all over the country, uhm, everyone from schools and parent meetings to Fortune 500 companies, uhm, and,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's three big answers. This is mostly, to be honest with you, from the business sector. Innovation, creativity, and change.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To create is to make something that has never existed before. There's nothing more vulnerable than that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The relationship between vulnerability and courage. The second thing I learned is this. We have to talk about shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, and that became the focus because of the TED Talk, and I'm not kidding that. I'll give you an example about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Three months ago I was in a sporting goods store, buying goggles and shin guards and all the things that parents buy at the sporting goods store.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I'm a fifth-generation Texan. Our family motto is lock and load. I am not a natural vulnerability researcher. Uhm, so I'm like, just keep walking, she's on my six. Uhm, and then I hear, Vulnerability Ted! I turn around, I go, hi. She's right here. And she said, you're the shame researcher who had the breakdown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'm so worn out at this point in my life. I look at her and I actually say, it was a frickin' spiritual awakening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought I'm gonna leave that shame stuff behind, because I spent six years studying shame, before I really started writing and talking about vulnerability. And I thought, thank God, because shame is this horrible topic, no one wants to talk about it, it's the best way to shut people down on an airplane, what do you do, I study shame, oh. And I see you, you know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was reminded of a cardinal rule, not a research rule.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But a moral imperative from my upbringing. You gotta dance with the one who brung you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I did not learn about vulnerability and courage and creativity and innovation from studying vulnerability. I learned about these things from studying shame. And so I want to walk you in to shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Union analysts call shame the swamp land of the soul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we're gonna walk in, and the purpose is not to walk in and, you know, construct a home and live there. It is to put on some galoshes and walk through and find our way around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We heard the most compelling call ever to have a conversation in this country, and I think globally, around race, right? Yes? We heard that. Yes? Cannot have that conversation without shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you cannot talk about race without talking about privilege. And when people start talking about privilege, they get paralyzed by shame. We heard a brilliant, simple solution to not killing people in surgery, which is have a checklist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can't fix that problem without addressing shame, because when they teach those folks how to suture, they also teach them how to stitch their self-worth to being all-powerful. And all-powerful folks don't need checklists.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I saw the Ted Fellows my first day here, and he got up and he explained how he was driven to create some technology to help test for anemia because people were dying unnecessarily. And he said, I saw this need, so you know what I did, I made it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know why this place is amazing? Because very few people here are afraid to fail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And no one that gets on the stage so far that I've seen has not failed. I have failed miserably. Many times. I don't think the world understands that. Because of shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a great quote that saved me this past year by Theodore Roosevelt. Uhm, a lot of people refer to it as the man the arena quote.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it goes like this. It is not the critic who counts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is not the man who sits and points out how the doer of deeds could have done things better and how he falls and stumbles. The credit goes to the man in the arena.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whose face is marred with dust and blood and sweat, but when he's in the arena at best, he wins.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And at worst he loses, but when he fails, when he loses, he does so daring greatly. And that's what this conference to me is about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's what life is about, about daring greatly about being in the arena. When you walk up to that arena and you put your hand on the door and you think I'm going in and I'm going to try this, shame is the gremlin who says, uh-uh, you're not good enough. You never finished that MBA. Your wife left you. I know your dad really wasn't in Luxembourg. He was in Sing Sing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know you don't think that you're pretty enough or smart enough or talented enough or powerful enough. I know your dad never paid attention even when you made CFO. Shame is that thing. And then if we can quiet it down and walk in and say I'm gonna do this,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We look up and the critic that we see pointing and laughing 99% of the time is who? Us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you can talk it out of that one, who do you think you are?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shame is a focus on self. Guilt is a focus on behavior. Shame is I am bad. Guilt is I did something bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How many of you, if you did something that was hurtful to me, would be willing to say, I'm sorry I made a mistake? How many of you would be willing to say that? Guilt. I'm sorry I made a mistake. Shame. I'm sorry I am a mistake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is a huge difference between shame and guilt. And here's what you need to know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shame is highly, highly correlated with addiction, depression, violence, aggression, bullying, suicide, eating disorders. And here's what you even need to know more. Guilt inversely correlated with those things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ability to hold something we've done or fail to do up against who we want to be is incredibly adaptive. It's uncomfortable, but it's adaptive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other thing you need to know about shame is it's absolutely organized by gender.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If shame washes over me and washes over Chris, it's gonna feel the same. Everyone sitting in here knows the warm wash of shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're pretty sure that the only people who don't experience shame are people who have no capacity for connection or empathy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which means, yes, I have a little shame, no, I'm a sociopath. So I would opt for yes, you have a little shame.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shame feels the same for men and women, but it's organized by gender. For women, the best example I can give you is Anjali, the commercial.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can put the wash on the line, pack the lunches, hand out the kisses and be work at five to nine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For women, shame is, do it all, do it perfectly, and never let them see you sweat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know how much perfume that commercial sold, but I guarantee you it moved a lot of anti-depressants and anti-anxiety meds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shame for women is this web of unattainable, conflicting, competing expectations about who we're supposed to be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For men, shame is not a bunch of competing, conflicting expectations. Shame is one. Do not be perceived as what? Weak. I did not interview men for the first four years of my study.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it wasn't until a man looked at me one day after a book signing and said, I love what you have to say about shame. I'm curious why you didn't mention men. And I said, I don't study men. And he said, that's convenient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I said, why? And he said, because you say to reach out, tell our story, be vulnerable. But you see those books you just signed for my wife and my three daughters? I said, yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we reach out and be vulnerable, we get the shit beat out of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And don't tell me it's from the guys and the coaches and the dads.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I started interviewing men and asking questions. And what I learned is this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You show me a woman who can actually sit with a man in real vulnerability and fear. I'll show you a woman who's done incredible work. You show me a man who can sit with a woman


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And his first response is not, I unloaded the dishwasher. But he really listens because that's all we need. I'll show you a guy who's done a lot of work. Shame is an epidemic in our culture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To find our way back to each other, we have to understand how it affects us and how it affects the way we're parenting, the way we're working, the way we're looking at each other.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He asked, what do women need to do to conform to female norms? The top answers in this country.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nice, thin, modest, and use all available resources for appearance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you asked about men, what do men in this country need to do to conform with male norms? The answers were...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Always show emotional control, work is first, pursue status and violence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we're gonna find our way back to each other, we have to understand and know empathy, because empathy is the antidote to shame. If you put shame in a Petri dish, it needs three things to grow exponentially. Secrecy, silence, and judgment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you put the same amount of shame in a Petri dish and douse it with empathy, it can't survive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two most powerful words when we're in struggle. Me too. And so I'll leave you with this thought.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If we're going to find our way back to each other, vulnerability is going to be that path.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I know it's seductive to stand outside the arena because I think I did it my whole life. And thanks to myself, I'm gonna go in there and kick some ass when I'm bulletproof and when I'm perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that is seductive. But the truth is, that never happens.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And even if you got as perfect as you could and as bulletproof as you could possibly muster, when you got in there, that's not what we want to see.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We want you to go in. We wanna be with you and across from you. And we just want


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For ourselves and for the people we care about and the people we work with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To dare greatly. So thank you all very much. I really appreciate it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The crumpet is definitely my favourite dish out of the three. They all look manageable, although because there is three elements, it's gonna have to be some multitasking going on in today's cook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm pretty good at following recipes at home. Bit of Fleetwood Mac Plain, glass of red wine. I'm really good at it then. But with this recipe, there's a lot of instructions on what to do with these prawns. Tail shell. Oh my god, Courtney's stressing me out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've cooked prawns a million times. I'm just so worried because these prawns need to be cooked perfectly. Jocks were only just set underneath.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's going to be really difficult kind of getting that balance without overcooking the body meat, but still making sure the head is cooked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's such a small thing to see the intestine tract still in one of the prawns, but this is probably going to send me through to the second round. One minor thing like that can mean a massive difference in this kitchen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most important thing to bring to round two is to cook with my instincts. That's how I cook. And I think the mistakes I made in round one were from trying to cook too much from that recipe and not trusting my gut enough.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For the lamb fat butter, I need to render out all the fat from the lamb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rosemary, lemon thyme and garlic after it's rendered. Okay, next job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know I've got to cook with my intuition, but everything is precisely weighed. It's not how I cook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I still haven't rolled them kohlrabi cones and I haven't got onto my dressing. Keep going, Connie, you're doing so well. Keep pushing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I decide to drop the kohlrabi cones. We've got seven minutes in front of the judges to plate up and I'm gonna need to make them cones in that seven minutes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I can get the cones rolled and get them onto the plate, then I'm still in with a shot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My hands are shaking, I wanna get all of this on the plate and I want it to be perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's so hard to work when you're so nervous and you're in such a rush.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know my dish doesn't have the dressing on it, it's missing an element, but if my butter's good and my dampers are good,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeah, tough day. There was a lot of pressure. It's like I've forgotten just how hard it is. Ten years has passed and it's, yeah, it's a hard competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think the last 10 years a lot has got better for women in kitchens. A lot's changed between 2010 and 2020 for women and I just thought to find a voice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To run a kitchen, I would possibly find it here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've gave it up my all today. I'm most proud of that I just had a crack. I came back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The competition's tough, but it's the greatest experience you can get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He also had a faithful dog called Sultan, who had grown old and lost all his teeth. So that he could no longer bite. Neither for eating, nor for protection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has taken care of us for so long. Now we should take care of him in his last days.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The poor dog who was lying stretched out in the sun nearby had heard everything and was sorry that the morrow would be his last day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From that time on, Old Sultan was as well off as he could wish to be. Soon afterwards, the wolf visited him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the poor beast hopped on its three legs, they could only think every time that it was picking up a stone to throw at them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The wild boar, however, had not been able to hide himself altogether, and one of his ears was still to be seen. Whilst the cat was looking carefully about, the boar moved his ear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Beyond the wildest of expectations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello, good morning and welcome. Are you feeling good?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should be because yesterday's cook was fantastic. We wanted finale worthy dishes and you brought it to us in buckets. So well done, all of you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, I mean ah, that broth was sensational.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, one element, left or right, you could have been up for a pin. I'll wake up like this. Chili sauce!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've got two and a half hours before your entrees start leaving the pass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to feature one of these ingredients in each of your courses. You're cooking for 120 people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Needs to divide themselves into three sections. Entrees, mains and desserts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The people working in each of the sections must leave the kitchen when the last of their dishes leaves the pass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must also choose a captain. You'll find aprons in the kitchen and everything you need in the pantry or the garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The losing team is in this Sunday's elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me, I think if I'm gonna look at, you know, blue versus green here, blue's edging ahead for me in terms of the dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Top notch, it's delicious, it's crispy, undisturbed by the unfortunately soggy custard that is the inside of that tart. It's a shame, because it tastes fantastic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, mains. Blue team, your dish lacked finesse. The puree was grainy. The portion control with the pork was totally out of whack. While ours was a really big portion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Too big I'd say. By the end of service, there wasn't enough pork to go around.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Great team. On the flip side, your dish was the definition of refinement. Beautiful smooth puree, perfectly cooked lamb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the featured ingredient, black garlic in that sauce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Blue team, I'm sorry to say that means that you are in Sunday's elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You guys are not quite out of the woods yet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This week, the winning team isn't automatically safe from elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And on that bombshell, get outta here. Congratulations, guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love taste tests. I did really well at them in my season.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 24 ingredients is so many ingredients. This is going to be harder than I thought.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know Andy loves Asian cuisine just as much as Melissa does, but he all loves Mexican and I love Tex-Mex.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What this pie says about Melissa is that she has a lot of her roots in Asian cuisine, but she's still very modern.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that she's kind of like me. I cook a lot of Vietnamese food, but I try to make it something a little bit more new, something that I grew up with, which is, I grew up in Australia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, there's a lot of aromats there, there's a lot of flavour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there's not a lot of vegetables. I've never had a candle nut before, so I'm gonna see what they're like.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How I usually have Oyster Blade is that I slow cook it. I cook it for a very long amount of time. And to do that, I'm gonna need a pressure cooker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll probably finish it off on the hibachi. But what else? Don't know.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got my beef in the pressure cooker. It's going to sit aside for 30 minutes doing its thing. I'm trying to figure out what else I'm going to do at this point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not happy with the ingredients that I have. I thought I would be because it's all ingredients I work with, but there's no veg. Like...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've probably wasted a good 20 minutes of my time thinking about what I'm gonna make.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And there's a lot riding on this, like I want to be the top dish, I want to be safe in Sunday's elimination.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Probably wasted a good 20 minutes of my time. But I kind of know what I'm about to do now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think I'm gonna make a curry paste into a puree to serve with my beef.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Any other cook I wasn't sure what I was making, uhm, but I kinda know what I'm doing. I wanna show the judges refinement today. I wanna give them things that are delicious, but just more refined.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So today I'm making a coconut beef curry, but it's not going to be plated as a coconut beef curry. We're going to do a really beautiful piece of oyster blade in the pressure cooker and finish on the hibachi with a nice mellow coconut curry puree.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mel's questioning why I want to mellow out the sauce. I want to show the judges that I can pack flavor into elements, but still keep it really refined.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The point of finishing it off on the bachi is so that you get that really beautiful crust, so it kind of adds a caramelisation to it and a slight smokiness to the beef. My fellow curry sauce is done and it's ready to go. My beef is cooked perfectly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Andy and Melissa were questioning my curry sauce. Hopefully the flavour's all there and the judges like it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm just a little bit worried about how that beef is cooked. I don't know, but I'm, I'm nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I uhm, I really didn't have an idea of what I was going to make until probably about 15-20 minutes in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And with every passing day this love becomes deeper. Will you be willing to accept me as your husband?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would want to do entree. I would like to do garlic. I think potato for me. What are you guys thinking?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pork looks juicy. I think the apple cider gravy is phenomenally good. And I'm happy with the mashed potato.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course, no one wants their dish to be the one that lets the team down. I'm hoping that's not the main course. Come on guys.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Service in a restaurant is supposed to be the easiest part. You have all your prep done, and then it's really just a matter of like plating up and making sure everything's perfect. But there seems to be some lack of communication going on. Where's that pork?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm worried about the inconsistency of the size of the pork. Some pieces are really big, others smaller. I'm getting a bit worried that this hasn't been done correctly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First listen and then answer the following question. What happened to the .vasa almost immediately after she was launched?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the 17th-century Empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was the Vesa, Royal flagship of the Great Imperial Fleet


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] King Gustavus Adolphus, the Northern Hurricane, then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Triple gun decks mounted 64 bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They had labored for three years to produce this floating work of art. She was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Symbols of courage, power, and cruelty were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vesa fired in reply


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her flags flying, pennants waving, sails fill NG in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with color, she presented a more majestic spectacle than stockholmers had ever seen before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All gunports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ordinance officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list. But the steepening angle of the decks increased.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The lower gunports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vesa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying in the harbor of her birth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] State Library is Australia's oldest public library. But it is more than just a place for books. It's also the home of Ned Kelly's armour from the siege at Glenrothes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are photographs, music scores, diaries, letters, and one of the reasons why I love coming here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first was held for Edward Prince of Wales that would go on to become Edward VIII, May 1920.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the second was on the occasion of the Queen's slave visit in 1954. Your job today is really, really simple.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's to look at those menus and use them as inspiration.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you're not just cooking for us. You're also cooking for 80 people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And these are people that probably spent their fair share of time right here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow. Well here's the entree from the burgundy team. Whiting in a butter grapefruit sauce with a herb salad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We expect you to make some mistakes. The important thing is to all the lessers that will make your next team challenge more successful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's there. I'm really excited to be working with Renal. His desserts are out of this world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reynold's flavor combination is very out there. He's using thyme and orange blossom, but if it's anybody that can make that work, it's Reynold.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh yeaah. I'm so happy with how it looks. You're a sexy beast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gordon Ramsay just said my food smells delicious. I think I'm just gonna die now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You come with snacks. So it's meze. There's crunchy lavash and hummus with harissa braised lamb.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love the feeling of standing before the court and protecting people in legal disputes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, it's going to be held in that room at the end of the hallway. I'm here to attend the same conference. But it seems we've come too early. It starts in half an hour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nice to meet you too, Rahi. Where are you from?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have an older sister, Amy, and a younger brother, Steven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amy is 19. She studies business at Columbia University in New York.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's pretty short and has long blonde hair. She has a boyfriend called Joey and talks about him all the time. It gets a bit boring really. Steven is 13, but I think he's very intelligent and he's also the funniest person in our family. He can really make you laugh. He loves animals and keeps a pet rabbit in the garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, my parents always support me in everything I want to do. I talk to my parents all the time, and have a very open relationship with them. I get along fine with my siblings too, even though we have pretty different personalities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow. You're a lot younger than me. I'm 23.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] June 10th? So it's coming soon, right? What's the date today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's a typical day for you? What time do you usually get up?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are you usually early, on time, or late?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love sleeping in too. A Sunday sleep in feels like a mini holiday. Getting up later than usual, going for brunch, watching TV.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, that must be tough. I hope things lighten up for you soon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's warm and sunny here. There's hardly a cloud in the sky. And there's only a slight breeze.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I go out with my friends. We love playing soccer


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a fun way to socialize. And of course, to get some exercise. We sometimes go to watch soccer if there's a big match on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because I find the stories of people's lives so fascinating.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love to go skateboarding and hiking. Oh, and I love to swim.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I do, but I'm not crazy about computer games.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, our contestants divulge a few tips of their own.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of Australia's top chefs, Louis Tickerum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With his mouth-watering barbecued octopus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turns a Chinese classic into a culinary creation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, Andy's simple tips to transform the humble barbecue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we want this to be like nice and bright and zingy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And he adds the finishing touches to his barbecue banquet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But another will make a mistake. I'm sorry? That will cost them the competition. You're going home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That pancake, the texture on it is perfect. It's crunchy but it's so soft at the same time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am a massive risk taker. I used to do this in season one. And I'm doing it again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today is elimination day and this season is completely different. We're all here, everyone except for Callum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it's everyone's fear to be the first one to go home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the 20 minute mark, I've got my cake in the oven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now I'm going to make the cream layer to fill in between the layers of the cake. I'll get some fresh flowers from outside.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if I don't nail this cake, I'm essentially gone. I'm really not giving myself enough time to make a dish in the second round.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know a lot of people would think that I'm crazy for taking this risk but if I can pull this off, I do believe it can save me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really worried that I'm running out of time, so I take my cake out of the oven and chuck it straight into the glass freezer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just need to give myself, I think, 25 minutes to just deal with whatever comes out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right now, there's still only two of us actually cooking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everything is prepped now for my lychee strawberry chiffon cake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I'm just pacing, I'm just waiting to cool the cake down as much as possible. Okay, so what are you doing?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have to cool it down because I have to ice it. So I just have to put cream, half of the lychee, half the strawberries in the middle, and decorate the top.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's so much pressure, especially because only 18 of us are safe and 5 have to go into round 2.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm using all my 90 minutes for my lychee strawberry chiffon cake. It's very delicate, far out. It's had like no time to set.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'll have zero time for round two, which means this has to work. Uh oh, uh oh. It's hot in the middle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I can already feel the steam seeping out. There is no way I can put cream in this thing. Okay hot in the middle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I can't ice this cake, it's not a cake worth taking up to the judges at all. I've gotta put this in that. So I throw them into the blast freezer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I can start working on that while the other two layers are cooling down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I start piping on the cream and sprinkling on my light sheet and my strawberry pieces. I'm hoping by the end of this, the other two layers are cooled down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 10 minutes to go, the middle and top layer are now chilled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And now I have to dress the outside of the cake. I just make sure that it's really tidy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Place the storebies really beautifully and then arrange all the flowers like a little miniature garden. I just want it to be a really lovely experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would be so awful to go home on this dish, because it's a dish that I love and know so well, but I usually take about three to four hours to make this cake.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's very uhm, it's cause it's so fresh, it's very very like, it's gonna make a mess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so I'm doing a pork chop, creamed corn, coriander salad, and then hopefully a little bit of crackling on the top as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fingers crossed. Alright. Thanks for the set. Cheers. Today I'm gonna keep it simple. Some of the feedback from the judges has been to me like, just bring it in. Keep it tight. But I really need to get going. I don't wanna be the last one to finish and I need time up my sleeve to cook a cracker dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I end up in round two, this is like, if you stuff up today, you're going home. That's it. Finished. It's a real deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not many people want to step into that kitchen, it's frickin' hard. So, I'm here to give it a good crack, and uhm, yeaah, I want to take it all the way. Look at that beer, mate. Let me get a little bit of reduction on it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's just who I am. I've always had nervous shaky hands. You've got like a ruler out and everything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is, yes. We've got some, uhm, lardons just cooking away here. I'm gonna do a cured egg yolk. Lemon, butter, emulsion, season, bataga, salt. All your favourite things, hopefully. It sounds good. It'll all come down to this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The squid goes into the sauce just the last couple of minutes and just gently poach it through the buttery lemony sauce and the cured egg yolk is looking spot on. Everything's prepped, I'm feeling good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello. Good, how are you? Really good. Let me dress this up for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I did, I went home, um, salty daikon. Uh, my mates rubbed that in for a while.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It should be seasoned really nicely, so I've got a cured egg yolk, pepper of course, and then some bataga for a little bit of salt, the lardons in there, and then the squid should just sing of the sea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome back guys. How good is Gordon Ramsay week?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure sir, I will help you. Please, have a seat and place your foot on the stand.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh my! The man was actually true to his word! I shall go home to tell my family at once!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am thirsty and tired from walking with this goat on my shoulders. Maybe I could have one cup of tea and then head home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whatever you do, do not say the words GOAT! Shake yourself and bring forth good fortune!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was passing by, and since you were so kind as to serve me some tea the last time, I only thought it would be fitting to return the favor and bring you some food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And tell her to chant this spell, oh magic feather, grant me a wish, and immediately the feather will begin to tickle her to no end. Oh, thank you kind sir. And remember, you can only stop it by saying, magic feather, my wish has been granted, and the tickling will stop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright then, please return to me what is rightfully mine and give me the magic goat and the magic cloth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need a change of look, a new hairstyle, and a new color. I wonder if blonde hair would suit me. Why are you so obsessed with good looks, Camilla? Why?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because physical attractiveness comes with so many benefits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They open doors indeed, but they don't keep you in the room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You are finally going to be judged based on your skills, character, etc. Just like everyone else.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look shine brighter than the talent in today's world. There are so many successful influencers today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With no talent at all, but with very good looks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I disagree. I don't think you can be a successful influencer based solely on looks. They surely must have a strong personality, too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is unattractive for you might be beautiful for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. It's entirely a matter of personal taste.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, you're right. I'm on the same page with you on this one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Isn't working part-time after school exhausting and overwhelming for you, Chloe? Sometimes it is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This job gives me the real life work experience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I'm working on managing my time in the way that neither my study nor work will get affected.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, I love it. It's really interesting. I developed many useful skills like teamwork, organizational skills, multitasking. Cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I think these are things that Julius could learn to do if provided the chance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I worked really hard in my studies to be able to achieve that grade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you. That's so nice to hear, and I certainly agree. How about you? I heard you had an athletic competition recently.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, that's incredible news. I'm so happy for you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for watching, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I attended a catering training, and I've got a certificate in food safety for catering.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm very comfortable using computers and am confident in my ability to learn any new programs quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I realized that this company wasn't giving me the growth opportunities I need at this stage of my career.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have good communication skills and I'm reliable and organized. My weakness is that I'm not a very spontaneous person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can start in two weeks after I give notice at my current job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have never before had the chance to work with such a nice group of people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's great. And I like having a flexible schedule.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was working in a design office as a graphic and web designer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had to commute two hours every day, so I wanted something closer to home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You've got to be kidding! So you have no personal space at all?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Have you thought about looking for another job with more decent conditions?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I'll keep brainstorming ideas for new jobs for you. We've got to get you out of that unhappy place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, Kevin, no problem. Just remember to fill out the leave request form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes I am. Anyway, I'm glad he will be transferred to the Chicago office.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He's extremely difficult to work with. He doesn't listen to anyone. You're right, and he's so bad tempered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Chicago office isn't doing well and could improve things there, just as he did here. Yes, he probably will. How long is he going to stay there? He's going to be there for at least a year. But he surely won't come back to the same job.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You're right, he probably won't. I dare say they'll promote him if he's successful in Chicago. Are you applying for his job? I might. Do you know who else is going for it? Is Sylvia going too?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, I don't think so. She knows she doesn't stand a chance of getting it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But John may well apply, and if he does, they might give it to him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm fine, thanks. I've got a job right now and I'm very excited about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got a job at an art gallery. I'm going to create art, hold exhibitions, attend art bazaars and markets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When a team of archaeologists recently came across some 15,000-year-old human remains, they made an interesting discovery. The teeth of those ancient humans were riddled with holes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These microbes are with us soon after birth. We typically pick them up as babies from our mother's mouths. And as our teeth erupt, they naturally begin to accumulate communities of bacteria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Depending on what we eat, and specifically how much sugar we consume, certain microbes can overpopulate and cause cavities.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Diets high in sugary foods cause an explosion of bacteria called mutans streptococci in our mouths. Like humans, these microorganisms love sugar, using it as a molecular building block and energy source.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As they consume it, the bacteria generate byproducts in the form of acids, such as lactic acid.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That degrades the armor over time, leeching away its calcium minerals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Gradually, acid wears down a pathway for bacteria into the tooth's secondary layer called the dentin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The more sugar our food contains, the more our teeth are put at risk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those cavemen would hardly have indulged in sugary treats, however. So what caused their cavities? In meat-heavy diets, there would have been a low risk of cavities developing because lean meat contains very little sugar. But that's not all our early human ancestors ate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cavemen would also have consumed root vegetables, nuts, and grains, all of which contain carbohydrates. When exposed to enzymes in the saliva, carbohydrates get broken down into simpler sugars, which can become the fodder for those ravenous mouth bacteria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So while ancient humans did eat less sugar compared to us, their teeth were still exposed to sugars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That doesn't mean they were unable to treat their cavities, though. Archaeological remains show that about 14,000 years ago, humans were already using sharpened flint to remove bits of rotten teeth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After the Industrial Revolution, the human incidence of cavities surged, because suddenly we had technological advances that made refined sugar cheaper and accessible.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, an incredible 92% of American adults have had cavities in their teeth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When cavities do develop, we use tooth fillings to fill and close off the infected area, preventing them from getting worse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The best way to avoid a cavity is still cutting down on sugar intake and practicing good oral hygiene to get rid of the bacteria and their food sources. That includes regular tooth brushing, flossing, and avoiding sugary, starchy, and sticky foods that cling to your teeth between meals.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I actually live about five minutes away from here. Really? So uhm, I'll just run home and grab some ingredients if we're running out of anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And peel just as many. I used to work on a prawn farm with my dad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Growing up, I was always really passionate about the ocean. I do a lot of diving, I catch most of my own seafood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, wait, wait, wait. Instead of trying to like, over complicate things just because he said that our menu is simple, why don't we just nail it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You can really tell that having one less team member, we're kind of struggling a bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not gonna pick the same bowl that Mandy got wrong. That can stay on the table.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Electrical power at 38%. System is operating normally.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I'm working on one of the savoury dishes, which is going to be a smoked porterhouse, barbecued pumpkin, a salsa verde and a Mexican crema.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is not I, but the princess has saved all of this kingdom and us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's a surprisingly complex phenomenon, influenced by our genetic makeup, age, diet, and hygiene.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what is this odor exactly? Where does it come from, and can we do anything about it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To start, you just need two things to produce that familiar scent— your armpit's own secretions and the bacteria that feed on them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most people associate body odor with sweat, and it's an important piece of the puzzle. Your body has millions of sweat glands, and they come in two major types.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ecreme glands are found all over your skin and secrete mainly water and salt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Apocrine glands, on the other hand, develop at puberty in your armpits and a few other places on your body. The sweat they secrete is full of proteins and fats.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By themselves, these secretions are usually odorless. That's where bacteria come in. Every square centimeter of our bodies is covered with thousands of bacteria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many microorganisms thrive in moist environments, like our armpits.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There, you can find about a million bacteria per square centimeter, one of the highest concentrations anywhere on the skin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When these bacteria feed on the proteins and fats in apocrine sweat, they turn the odorless compounds into new ones that can smell very unpleasant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carboxylic acids are in the mix, too, adding notes of cheese. These molecules waft up from the armpit and can be sucked directly into our noses, where they're trapped and detected by an array of specialized receptors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Those can recognize odor molecules at concentrations of less than one in a million.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what determines how strong your body odor might be?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It depends on the resident microbial populations in your armpit and the nutrients that your glands provide them with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your genes help determine what compounds you produce and in what quantity, so everyone has a slightly different set.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In fact, a gene variant that virtually eliminates body odor is common in people of East Asian descent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Adrenaline increases the ratio of apocrine to eccrine sweat, so body odor can be more intense when you're nervous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bacterial composition and concentration also varies between individuals and plays a part.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even what you eat can have a small effect on how you smell. So how can we deal with body odor?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Washing the armpits with soap and water helps, but won't remove all the bacteria, since many are buried in deeper layers of the skin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Deodorants, however, inhibit bacterial activity and mask odors at the same time. Antiperspirants work by forming tiny gel plugs that block sweat glands, drying out the armpits. While we continue to battle body odor, scientists are trying to understand it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't know why the brain often interprets these particular odors as off-putting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But some researchers have proposed that secretions from the armpit could have a positive function, too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like cementing social bonds and providing a means of chemical communication. We don't know yet if that's the case.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For now, body odor seems to be just another smelly part of the human condition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For more TED-ED videos that people love to watch but are too embarrassed to share, check out this playlist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When it comes to legends, few measure up to this great chef.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She was the first woman in the UK to win three Michelin stars, which she held for ten years straight, while running Gordon Ramsay's flagship restaurant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cooks, listen up. Two and a half hours to go. Don't take your foot off that pressure. Kill pressure with more pressure. Two and a half hours. Let's go. Come on.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guys, you're halfway! No time to breathe! Just keep pushing! Come on!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, agree. I think that, uh, what I'm getting is, uh, those slices are thinner.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hi Matt, what's, uh, going on? Mayhem's causing trouble again. I have to check the computer. How about if you and T-Bob went to the park? Or the library?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It doesn't make sense, buddy. Why would Venom want to attack a movie theater? Well, let's see what the computer came up with.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Personnel approved. Assemble mobile armored strike command.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, that's all the computer could come up with. Not much at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rhino, Firecracker, Shark, give me ground support.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has there been any change at all? I'm afraid her condition is still critical. She's been unconscious all night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was all my fault. I'll never forgive myself. Stop blaming yourself. You couldn't help it. Somehow Venom sabotaged our vehicles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sure, Brad. And don't worry, we'll make Venom pay for this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would be capable of interfering with our vehicle's operating system. The police located the telescope. Venom dumped it on a back road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've developed a counter weapon which should neutralize the effects of the cyclonic


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack! Let him think we're out of control. But slowly work your way towards the reactor. Then give it to him!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There they go! Forget them. We have a bigger problem on our hands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bun? You call chasing venom all over two counties, and being nearly blown up, bun?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Maybe, but maybe not. Hitchhiking is dangerous.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your dish needs to be the best thing you have ever cooked in this kitchen. You know you have two hours to cook us something that will knock our socks off. You have your recipes written down?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I hope you prepared for some wow. Should we start with the dish? Let's do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a game changer when you take a bite and I have to put the cutlery down and just soak up the moment and that just happened then for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Geraldton White's that lemony kind of brightness. It's like liquid sunshine in this plate of food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And together with the bitter Warragor greens, for me, this is... Wow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has happened. It didn't end up being a cohesive, singular, wow dish to eat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who would have thought Hayden would have brought that to the table?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It was a lovely combination of nostalgia, very, very thoughtful, and you know, he really did push himself out of his comfort zone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ice cream could have been balanced out with, dare I say, a tiny bit of salt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the big question here is, was today the day to bust out new pastry skills?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's been an honour to have you, but it is time to say goodbye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not one of your strengths either. You're built for nothing but firepower.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first born of the two was a little hardier and played outside as often as he could. His brother on the other hand, liked better to play indoors, always tagging after his mother


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because the oldest is the first heir to the throne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I promise. The prince begged and pleaded with the king, but he was unwilling to see his son leave. He was unwilling to let him leave. After some coaxing from the queen, the king relented, but the king still wanted the prince to set forth in a manner befitting his rank with a great company of men and horses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Again, the prince had to argue and plead, until he finally succeeded in getting what he wanted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, I should disguise myself. The prince presented himself to the king.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He disguised himself by bandaging one eye and making his face pale and sallow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king looks upon the pathetic prince with sympathy. The king pitied his youth and dumbness and took him into his service. The prince proved he was very capable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He talks to maids, offers advice to the king.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He hurried about the castle going from one thing to another. Everybody liked him, and was soon calling him Bayaya, because that was the only sound he made.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king made no objection to his spending time with them. They liked him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The garlands he wove richer, the designs more beautiful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Zdobina and Budinka ti slovena.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One day, Bayaya saw the king looking sad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bayaya told the story of the dragons and king's daughters.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Yaya was filled with so much joy that he had to hide face to make sure his cover was not blown.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although the prospect still terrified them, hope had returned to them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With Bayaya even succeeding in making them laugh, Bayaya dances around with glee.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reassuring the two daughters that no harm will come to them as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that quickly turned to Joy as her safe arrival back at the castle. Shortly after this, a king of great power declared war.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king sent far and wide to summon together all the nobles of the land.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the king promised them the hands of his three beautiful daughters in return for their support.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This was indeed an inducement and every young noble present swore his allegiance and hurried home to gather his forces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Troops poured in from all sides and soon the king was ready to set forth. The king leads his army into battle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The king handed over the affairs of the castle to Bayaya and entrusted him with the safety of the three princesses. Bayaya did his duty faithfully, looking after the castle and planning diversions for the princesses to keep them happy and cheerful. One day he complained of feeling sick, but instead of consulting the physician, he said he would go to the fields and hunt some medicinal herbs.