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[Assistant] Okay, so that's what priority queue is. Now, we'll be like, Kunal, what do you mean that's what priority queue is? Are you just going to teach us priority queue in literally just 10 seconds and say that is what priority queue is? Exactly. What we just did, that is priority queue. My priority is let's say minimum item, so it will give me minimum item. We did priority queue in this example using heap. That's it. Nothing else I need to tell you that is different. That is priority queue only.


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[Assistant] But you can also do is using a linked list. So for example,


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[Assistant] You can insert it using a linked list. So you can maintain it using a linked list. Let's say I insert 3 first.


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[Assistant] Then I insert four. Then I insert eight. So let's say minimum priority. So minimum item should be at the zero thing, at the very first head of the link, uh, link list over here. Then I have eighteen. Then I want to insert, let's say, ten. So if I want to insert ten, I will check till which item, till which pointer is it less than ten.


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[Assistant] It's 18 less than 10, no. So let's take the previous one, 8. Put it after this.


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[Assistant] This is how I am maintaining my priority queue. Problem here is inserting is taking O of n time.


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[Assistant] Priority queue, linked list, not good. So we will keep using heaps, this is not important, not good, linked list one. O of n, no. Heap is doing the same thing, no, O of log n. So we will not use this one. I won't even code this because we don't have to use it. But you can code it yourself, it's very simple. Okay? So, that's it.


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[Assistant] Okay, one more thing I want to teach you, then we'll wrap up and we'll do a question, uh, in the next video, questions. Okay, so let me teach you one thing, uh, let's say you are given this question, let's say we learn how to


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Create the heaps and everything, but let's say you're given an unsorted array and you have to create a max heap from that. Unsorted array is given. Let's say you're given 4.


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[Assistant] Now the question is, create a max heap from this. What is max heap property? Every node should be greater than equal to all the children below it. So just try to do that for every single node. That's it. That is it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For 7, every node below 7 should be greater than or equal to 7. There is no node below 7, because it's a leap node. For 8,


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[Assistant] And for 14, so can I just skip these leaf nodes? Yes, I can. I can just skip these. These as well, I can skip these. I will directly start from 16. So,


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[Assistant] 16 is what? Index number 5. Notice that this index by chance came out to be n divided by 2. 10 divided by 2, 5. That's not by chance. You know this property of complete binary tree. You know this property of complete binary tree.


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[Assistant] Why? Why are we starting from N divided by 2? You know this property of complete binary tree.


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[Assistant] Because we are ignoring all the leaf nodes and the number of leaf nodes in complete binary is equal to what? It's around n, n divided by 2. So, why start from n by 2?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because we know we are skipping all the leaf nodes. But we also know n by 2 plus 1 till n. So, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 in a complete binary tree all are leaf nodes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll be like, Kunal, how? How can you prove this? Well, watch the tree playlist. Tree video.


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[Assistant] So start from five and then just call down heap on it for every single


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[Assistant] Okay, so obviously I don't have to check the leaf node because there's nothing to check.


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[Assistant] So for every node from let's say 5 till the root node, so 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 indexes means for index is equal to n by 2 till 1 do down heap of that index.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For 5 index, do down heap. For 4, do down heap. Why? Because that's what a max heap is. Every node is actually greater than equal to all of its children. But if I ask you the time complexity of this, what will it be? Outer loop is running n by 2 times.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Inside it is calling down-heap. Down-heap is what? Log of n, we know that. So, it will be n by 2 log n. But this is actually wrong. That's not the time complexity. We were like, Kunal, how? It is pretty clear from the formula. Just, oh, like with our analysis over here. It is not n by 2 log n. Sorry, n log n. It is not n log n.


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[Assistant] Then what is it? Let's see. This is going to be a little tricky, but I'll try to explain.


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[Assistant] For all the nodes that are in level, let's say one above the leaf node,


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[Assistant] Do you know that down-heap is taking constant time? Because there's only one swap. For example, for this one and this one, there's only one swap. So, constant time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we know that one level above, so if I know that leaf nodes is equal to n by 2,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Leaf nodes is equal to, is equal to what? At level number 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Number of leaf nodes again divided by 2, that's the property of complete binary tree. So, N by 4. Level 1. Level 2 will have N by 4 divided by 2, N by 8. Level 3 will have N by 8 divided by 2, N by 16. Similarly, root level will have just 1.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, for the leaf nodes the number of comparisons is zero. Zero time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For one above the level, it is taking let's say some constant amount of time C. For level number two, it is taking


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, it is level number 2, so it is just 2 above, so 2 into c. This is taking 3 into c. Similarly, for the very last one, it is going to be taking what? How many levels into c? So, root level is how many levels in the root? Log of n, so log of n into c.


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[Assistant] Okay, so what is the total amount of time? N by 4 into C plus N by 8 into 2C plus N by 16 into 3C plus 1 into log NC.


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[Assistant] So total time comes out to be N divided by 4 into C plus N divided by


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, if I just put n by 4 is equal to 2 raised to power k, it will give me what? It will give me, if I just take c common, because I can take c common from everywhere here. Take c common, it will be 2 raised to power k plus


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 1 upon 2 raised to power 0. C2 raised to power k, I can actually take common. Cn by 4. C


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] N by 4 common, so this will be 1 plus


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[Assistant] This is also, this is actually also 4. This is also again 1 plus 3 common. Actually, not me, let me not just remove it because it will make things confusing. N by 8, 2. So, I will just take 1 common, then I will take 2 common here. Divide by, if I remove 4, 2 raised to power 1 or 2 raised to power 0 plus 3 common


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[Assistant] 2 raise to power 2 plus 4 common 2 raise to power 3 plus plus. In the end, I will say


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[Assistant] 2 raised to the power k, because it is log of n. So log of n is equal to what?


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[Assistant] Then here I can see this is 3 plus 1, 4, 2, 2 plus 1, 3, 1, 1 plus 1, so k, k plus 1.


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[Assistant] What I want you to see is that this thing over here


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[Assistant] This thing is bounded by a constant.


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[Assistant] If you take 11-12th mathematics, I won't teach 11-12th mathematics, but this is actually formula, sum of x, i, ix raised to power i to infinity is equal to what? x divided by 1 minus x squared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So sums in mathematics, if you want to check that.


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[Assistant] Okay, it's divided by a constant. So hence, this actually becomes a constant.


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[Assistant] This actually becomes a constant. My time complexity is O of 2 raised to power k.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it is not O of n log n, it is O of n. That was a little confusing, but I think if I dive too much into the mathematics,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's also something they won't ask you in your interviews that much because it's too heavily focused on maths. But, uh, just wanted to mention that a little bit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But yeaah, it's very simple, you can use the functions that I have created, just run it in a for loop and just do this thing. Uhm, yeaah, for i is equal to n by 2 till 1, call down heap on i, that's it. You can make that on your own, I can just literally say, uh, what it will be written like. But, uh, that's pretty much about it and very easy stuff.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, so that was Heaps Made Easy, we started with Why Heaps, we learnt about how it's structured, we learnt about the internal details, made it from scratch, ran it, learnt about Heapsort, Priority Queue, how you can do Priority Queue with linked list, saw a nice example.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we covered everything, time complexity and stuff, demo, trial run, everything. In the next video we will be doing, uhm,


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[Assistant] Some questions on heaps. These are free videos and free courses I'm making. If you want to support me, the easiest way to do it is like and comment, which you can do right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you want to go above and beyond, you can take a screenshot, share it on socials using hashtag DSA with Kunal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would really appreciate it. Most people don't do it because, you know, work required, you take screenshot, post it on social media, what you learnt. That's okay, I understand, but if you can just like and comment.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's more than enough. And subscribe, like, comment, subscribe. Just takes 5 seconds. I'm saying this because...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That way it will motivate me more to create free courses for many people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that's pretty much about it. Uh, so that was easy. Next videos we'll do hash maps. Then some nice questions on heaps and hash maps.


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[Assistant] And uhm, popular topics like sliding window and stuff. Uhm, but yeaah, very excited.


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[Assistant] Uh, heap is a topic which is important for coding interviews. So, important questions. It's very important to see what type of questions are asked in which heap will be used. And, uh, as always we look at the patterns, I teach you how to think and all sorts of things.


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[Assistant] We're not going to do 100 questions, but using just 30 questions or something, I will tell you how to solve any heap problem, any other.


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[Assistant] HashMapProblem, DP, or whatever graphs you want to do in the future.


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[Assistant] But thanks a lot for watching and if you have any questions, leave those in the comment section below. Make sure you like, share, subscribe, comment and I'll see you in the next one. Have a great day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let us begin. You're going to the scrapyard, you freak!


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[Assistant] Oh, the king's men won't be able to put him together again.


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[Assistant] Well done, Chibi Panda. Or rather, Saint Holy Sword Dragon.


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[Assistant] Somebody once said to me that flattery and praise are like perfume. It's okay to sniff it, but don't swallow.


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[Assistant] Thank you. You've gone right to the heart of, I think, our moment historically, is that because bhakti is a living tradition,


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[Assistant] We're not resurrecting some dead civilization from ancient Greece or ancient Rome because it's a living tradition. It acclimates to the culture around it and our


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[Assistant] Sacred responsibility, I would say at the heart.


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[Assistant] Of Srila Prabhupada's mission today is just what you're saying. To evolve a language, a vocabulary, a terminology, a literature that will migrate millennial teachings


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[Assistant] Areas of human endeavor, whether it be science or medicine, environment,


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[Assistant] Uh, social endeavors in the language of those fields


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[Assistant] So that the decision makers see we have a contribution to make.


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[Assistant] I mean, the most obvious example would be in the field of ecology, because our Vaishnava Siddhanta, uhm,


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[Assistant] Teach us that the world itself is an avatar of God. The world itself is sacred and is the Vishwarupa.


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[Assistant] And where's their question of developing our love for God if we are abusing the universal form of God? That's it. That's one very obvious area.


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[Assistant] In the warm weather like now, I'll go out and I'll plant some tomatoes.


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[Assistant] Peppers, string beans, eggplant, some herbs.


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[Assistant] And I swear to you, Prabhu, sometimes it's a very emotional experience. Just being


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[Assistant] With nature, the sacredness of the land, the sacredness of


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[Assistant] The relationship between humans and the natural world described in second chapter of Bhagavad Gita.


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[Assistant] That at the dawn of time, the Lord of all being sent for hosts of men and demigods saying,


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[Assistant] If you approach it in that way, it's a very beautiful thing, very spiritual thing.


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[Assistant] Uh, environment, uh, is the obvious one because of that


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[Assistant] Understanding of the world itself as an incarnation of God, that same formula of seeing things through a spiritual lens can be applied to any field of human endeavor, whether it be,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether it be in health and wellness, or whether it be in, uh, mediating peace in areas of armed conflict, or whether it be in, uh, uh, uh, uh, social, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, endeavors, social welfare endeavors, social action activity or, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Defending the rights of women and children and underrepresented minorities.


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[Assistant] Each of these different areas has its own particular language and vocabulary.


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[Assistant] In a similar manner, each of us has a particular uh, field of influence, you might say.


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[Assistant] Speaking on a world stage, not everyone is speaking before an audience every week. Uhm, but each of us in our own way,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Has influence over a particular community, a particular circle of family and friends.


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[Assistant] A particular area of vocational activity, whatever it may be.


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[Assistant] If we take that opportunity and go inside, what is the dynamic of that?


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[Assistant] What are the issues and challenges that my world confronts? My world meaning my price of personal private world.


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[Assistant] Then thinking deeply, meditating, and I find prayer very useful. Asking for help.


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[Assistant] How, how may I be of service to this moment? How may I serve the moment? How may I bring Krishna into this environment?


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[Assistant] I can give all kinds of examples if you like.


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[Assistant] Yes, very often I'm called upon to speak before gatherings of lawyers and judges.


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[Assistant] My field of research is Holocaust studies. Yeaah. International war crimes trials.


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[Assistant] And specifically the U.S. military commissions.


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[Assistant] That brought the operators of Hitler's concentration camps to justice at the end of World War II.


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[Assistant] The Nuremberg trials and trials south of Nuremberg on the grounds of former concentration camp Dachau.


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[Assistant] The power of witness testimony to bring us closer to the experience of those who went through the Holocaust and so on.


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[Assistant] So I'm called upon to speak before continuing legal education gatherings.


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[Assistant] Lawyers like doctors have to keep their license current.


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[Assistant] By taking continuing education courses. So I'm called upon to speak there.


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[Assistant] I always wait for this one question, which I know will come, it'll always come, and it does. The question is, uhm, can, uh, is there anything that we've learned from the war crimes trials, we call them tribunals today, that took place 75, 80 years ago, and how we operate in the law today. This is always a question that comes up. And I wait for that moment.


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[Assistant] Because it's an opportunity to me, for me to bring in Krishna consciousness.


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[Assistant] And the way I do that is by saying, well, I'll answer your question.


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[Assistant] But I'd like to answer it in an indirect way by asking you a question. How do you define a human being?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If your definition of a human being as a lawyer, as a judge, is that this person is a


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[Assistant] Collection of biological systems and processes that their life force


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[Assistant] Is the product of some interaction of wave functions and particles and energies in historic time and this person has emerged. Then basically you're seeing that living being as an ethical machine.


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[Assistant] Execute them and go home. If on the other hand.


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[Assistant] Your definition of a human being enlarges to encompass this notion.


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[Assistant] Which in legal language would be called natural law.


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[Assistant] That is to say, some would say God-given law, or just by virtue of being alive, being a human being.


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[Assistant] That there is something else in each individual, something that is divine, something that


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[Assistant] Is, to borrow this phrase, uh, possesses inalienable rights. That just by virtue of being, uh, a living being, you have the right to exist.


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[Assistant] You have the right to the dignity of your life, etc., etc. Then maybe the way you practice law will change. Maybe your feelings about capital punishment will change. Maybe your thoughts about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bringing more education to the prison systems, because right now those are being stripped away systematically. It's just a holding pen for people until they serve their time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's no education going on anymore. There once was.


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[Assistant] If you have this wider definition of life, we will find ourselves moving away from a punitive form of justice toward a more restorative, reformative form.


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[Assistant] of justice. Maybe many things will change if your definition of life changes.


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[Assistant] And I, Prabhu, I tell you that there's so much appreciation for that among


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[Assistant] Lawyers and judges, they never get to talk about these things.


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[Assistant] I miss him very much. I miss him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dallas temple, where Nityananda Prabhu is the president.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And, uh, Nitinanda, who was telling me how back home was it? Fiji, I think. I'm not sure. I can't remember.


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[Assistant] That, uh, he, um, he was an atheist and he, uh, didn't like the devotees. They were next door to his home and they were always chanting loud with speakers and he was being disruptive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So he went next door to try to complain to get them to stop.


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[Assistant] And he was leaving for work and he had his attache case in his suit and tie and he went to...


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[Assistant] And Tamal Krishna, uh, Goswami was there as the, uh,


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[Assistant] Guru for that area. And, uh, and, um, Nityananda spoke with him for a while. And Tamala Krishna said, uhm, you're a businessman.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I said, uh, you must be very organized. You, you, you seem to have your life very well organized. And, uh, you know, Nityananda said, yes. And then, um, Tomal Krishna very wisely said, um, do you have a daily schedule that you follow?


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[Assistant] Nityananda says yes. And Tamal Krishna said, can I see it?


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[Assistant] So Nintendo opens his app to shake case and pulls out a piece of paper.


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[Assistant] Every, every hour of his day was accounted for. So he hands it to Tamal Krishna. But Tamal Krishna looks it over.


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[Assistant] And he says, I see that you do your, um, exercises, uh, in the morning.


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[Assistant] I'd like to suggest that maybe you try moving your exercises to the middle of the day. That way you will refresh yourself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Offering something useful has nothing to do with Krishna consciousness. At least overtly. Nityananda said, that changed my life. It says, if this man has such feelings for me, who he does not know, I do not know him. We have never met before. And yet he is saying something for my benefit.


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[Assistant] For my profit. He said, I want to get to know.


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[Assistant] This runs into all kinds of different points of view, because not everyone agrees that


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[Assistant] Krishna consciousness is meant to enter into social work and to


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[Assistant] Social action, like here in the states now there are these anti-racial protests going on. And uhm,


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[Assistant] So people, some people say that's not our business.


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[Assistant] We are here to teach about Krishna. When people are ready, they'll come and we're here for them. But we're not interested in getting involved.


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[Assistant] And then there are other people, like me, who believe that


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[Assistant] If, of course the basics have to be there, chanting, deity worship, and so on. But if all we do is the basics, and we have not understood


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The, the critical importance of penetrating deeper into the surrounding culture than we have not understood the nature of Srila Prabhupada's mission.


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[Assistant] He did not come to make a community of salvationists.


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[Assistant] Let us chant Hare Krishna and the world can go to hell. That was not his mission. Yes.


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[Assistant] Absolutely, perfectly said. Absolutely. Absolutely. The big mistake, Prabhu, in the past was that we assumed


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[Assistant] That because we have a vision of Krishna and Vrindavan, we have this theological architecture that surrounds us.


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[Assistant] And that was presumptuous, it was egotistical, it was just plain wrong, in many cases it was dangerous.


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[Assistant] And the doctors have put his older brother on a, on fasting. No food, no food. Dangerous to eat.


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[Assistant] The younger brother only sees, oh, my older brother is hungry because he has nothing to eat. So he sneaks into the hospital with food and gives his brother food. He may be well-intended, but he's going to kill him.


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[Assistant] Uh, an informed, mature understanding of what are the issues in a particular arena.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, I think specifically for a sense about, uhm, abuse, which unfortunately we have to admit there has been a history.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] of, uh, things being allowed to happen, uh, and going unaddressed in our society.


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[Assistant] And, uh, very often there's a, a kind of a lip service given.


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[Assistant] Abuse should not be allowed in our temples.


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[Assistant] Uh, the presidents should encourage people to get marriage counseling. A very superficial, uh, approach. Abuse has its origins in deep pathologies. And it's critical that we at least familiarize ourselves enough to recognize what are the symptoms. Legally, and this is an important point, legally,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Any organization is obliged to report


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[Assistant] Whether it be the police or, uh, uh, uh, child protection agencies or, uh, uh, domestic violence agencies, there's a legal obligation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if we do not take that obligation seriously, we may be at fault and subject to, uh, legal sanctions and fines or worse.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to be able to treat abuse requires


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Deep understanding of its origins, its manifestations, how to, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But my wife sits on the board of the Safe Center here on Long Island, which is an organization of professionals who deal with, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Family abuse, child abuse, sexual abuse, verbal abuse and so on. And, you know, they offer courses of study in these things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You may be wearing Kuntimala and you may be chanting Hare Krishna. That does not mean that the workings of the human psyche


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the traumas of inappropriate child rearing when you were younger. All these things are magically resolved.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They've disappeared and now you're on the pure path of transcendence. That's very naive thinking.


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[Assistant] So it behooves us to go deeper.


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[Assistant] Inside these issues, understand the dynamic, understand what the issues are and receive training.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's important to know that we don't have to own the table. It's sufficient just to have a seat at that table. We can learn too. We can learn.


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[Assistant] And it's critical to say, I don't know. If there's something you don't know, you are not diminished.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a devotee or as a human being by saying, you know, I don't know about that, uh, I need to learn about it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh Prabhu, I, I so enjoy you, I so enjoy talking with you and, and, uh, our discussions, uh,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Are very, very pleasing. I thank you for inviting me to talk with you today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a world of loneliness. Many people are very lonely.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And sometimes, even according to Krishna and Bhagavad Gita, people come to Him because they're in distress. They come because, uh,


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[Assistant] They, they need shelter somewhere. They want Krishna to be the god of their religion. They want someone to worship who will take care of them, a father figure.


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[Assistant] Sometimes because that's a precarious position, it's not a very solid foundation in spiritual life.


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[Assistant] To say I need to learn more means to be vulnerable. That's the thinking.


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[Assistant] That I have to have all the answers and I have to convince you.


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[Assistant] ...comes to a decision. And in this regard, I love the writings of Bhaktivinoda Thakur. Bhaktivinoda Thakur is my hero.


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[Assistant] And so, so appreciative of the way he approached and understanding of Shastra.


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[Assistant] A more mature person will say I have my convictions. I have my convictions.


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[Assistant] Other people may not share my convictions but we can find common ground on effective solutions to issues that concern us all. And if people see that devotees


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[Assistant] Participating in the work of the larger culture for the benefit of all. That's very attractive.


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[Assistant] Then they will come step forward and ask voluntarily. If you try to push a book down somebody's throat, you're not necessarily going to.


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[Assistant] Stimulate their curiosity. You may just repel them.


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[Assistant] And shut them off from spiritual life for the rest of this lifetime. If you're not conducting yourself properly, it can be a dangerous thing for someone else's spiritual well-being.


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[Assistant] I was just reading in Bhagavad Gita today in the purported sixth chapter, verse 29.


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[Assistant] Where Krishna, Srila Prabhupada in the purport is describing


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[Assistant] This is the verse where Krishna says, one who sees me in everything, sees everything in me.


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[Assistant] And the purport, Srila Prabhupada says that a Krishna conscious person can see Krishna at the heart of both the believer and the non-believer. Uh, and this vision of equality is there perfectly in a person in Krishna consciousness. So we're concerned about other people's wellbeing, not because it's good publicity or not because it's some sentiment, but because


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[Assistant] Pardon the use of this word on an ontological level.


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[Assistant] I'm a little on a level of the true nature of reality. You and I are brothers. You and I are brother and sister. We are all children of that same supreme being.


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[Assistant] I heard a story recently, uh, I'm looking to confirm this, but I believe it's, it's true.


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[Assistant] Uhm, that Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Goswami Maharaj was with disciples, they were on a walk, and they walked by some lepers. And, uh,


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[Assistant] So he stopped and turned around and he said, why did you not give?


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[Assistant] Those lepers, a few Pisces, why didn't you offer them some help?


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[Assistant] Disciple was quoting Bhagavad Gita about uh, uh, charity and the mode of ignorance and uh, charity and the mode of passion and so, and Srila Bhakti Siddhanta said,


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[Assistant] And, so what does that make you, brothers?


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[Assistant] If you cannot, if you are hard-hearted, so hard-hearted that you will not extend a hand to help your brother, then where's the question of loving God?


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[Assistant] A simple thing, but so vital. So at the core of our entire Krishna conscious life, how, how, how dare you present yourself as a devotee and you cannot be sensitive?


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[Assistant] To the sufferings of another person, cause that's material. How dare you? Turn in your japa beads. You don't deserve them.


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[Assistant] We see Krishna in the heart of all beings.


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[Assistant] Now what is that? Just nice philosophy? No! It means you recognize God in this person. This person is a divine being. Will you not extend a hand to help them if they're in trouble? What kind of hard-hearted rock are you?


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[Assistant] That we are meant to get deeper involved in the work of society.


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[Assistant] It's controversial, after all. How deep do you go before you start compromising the unique contribution of our sedanta?


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[Assistant] How deeply do you go into that work of the world before you end up cutting into your spiritual life? So there are many questions.


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[Assistant] And they have to be answered individually. There's no one answer for everyone in that regard. But at least we should be aware of the principle.


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[Assistant] See the quality of all living beings and their happiness and their distress. That's our golden rule. That's our equivalent of the golden rule in Bhagavad Gita.


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[Assistant] The, the, the, the Varnashram system enters into this in the following way. I think if we were to


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[Assistant] Create, as we said earlier, a contemporary vernacular, that more modern vocabulary.


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[Assistant] I think instead of calling it caste system or even varnasham, we might say it is, uhm,


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[Assistant] There's, there's no, there's very, very little, let me say, attempt to identify what are their particular interests and skill sets. What are they suited for? I've been teaching for years at Hofstra University.


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[Assistant] And there's a kind of social admission process because universities are hard up for money and so they want the tuition and so they'll admit anybody. And I end up with classes of young people, half of them should not even be there. They're not suited.


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[Assistant] For, for these studies, they don't know how to write a paragraph. Their grammar is horrendous.


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[Assistant] They, they were seduced, or their parents were seduced.


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[Assistant] And to thinking that if you get a degree, you'll get a better paying job. That's why they're there.


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[Assistant] And where there would be more appropriate tools for vocations and job opportunities made available to them. That's not happening. That's not happening at all. So, there's that on the one hand.


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[Assistant] So therefore you end up with tensions and conflicts between them. I remember when I was a devotee in the Paris temple, back in the early nineteen...


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[Assistant] Our building was on a very, very exclusive street called Avenue Foch, F-O-C-H. It was like the fifth avenue of Paris. It was totally inappropriate for us to be there, but we had found a building for rent and we took it. It was right next door to


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[Assistant] One of the embassies, I think it might have been Saudi Arabia. One of the big embassies in Paris.


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[Assistant] And they would have parties and dances and galas and balls all the time and limousines would be pulling up


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[Assistant] And men and women and tuxedos and furs and jewelry would be going in.


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[Assistant] And I remember watching whenever these things would happen on the escarpment, on the...


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[Assistant] Strip of grass separating the, these residential structures from the streets.


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[Assistant] All of the workers would be gathering to watch these people go in.


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[Assistant] Servants and the, uh, repair people and delivery people, whatever. And then you, you could see them just kind of like envious and angry.


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[Assistant] That why do these people get to live like this and I work so hard and I never get any such pleasures in life.


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[Assistant] And I remember Srila Prabhupada's description of the Vedic times when, whenever there would be


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[Assistant] They would immediately be receiving gifts and prasadam immediately. That was the first thing that would happen.


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[Assistant] The success of such gatherings in the Vedic culture that everyone is satisfied. Everyone is satisfied.


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[Assistant] That by performing these sacrifices for the demigods, for the supreme being,


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[Assistant] No one felt left out. No one felt looked down upon. Nobody felt embittered.


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[Assistant] What a difference. What, what a total difference to, to honor. You want to know what the caste system is, Prabhu? The caste system is when the, the, the, uh, woman from Uruguay who comes to clean our house comes here and if I were to treat her like a servant. That's the caste system.


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[Assistant] Instead, I know her name is Lorena, I know her husband, I know her children. We had a car that was no longer needed, we gave it to them.


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[Assistant] When we, when she comes, we sit down together and have lunch. Why is this one not entitled?


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[Assistant] To the same respect that somebody might offer to me, just because it's my home and she's cleaning it.


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[Assistant] If I look down upon her that she's the cleaning woman, then now it's the caste system and I'm not a devotee.


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[Assistant] Group of people looks down upon another group of people. Now you're in the twisted caste system.


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[Assistant] Parents, unfortunately today, they don't know how to identify their own children's skills, abilities, psychic predispositions.


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[Assistant] No, I take that was the guru in the Vedic conception is that students


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[Assistant] So one guru in our society may have 10,000 disciples or 5,000 or whatever, and uhm, they don't always...


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[Assistant] And children would come and they would learn there. And so they knew their students because they were living together. And they could say, you know, uh, my son's name.


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[Assistant] Uh, something in aviation. My son is a pilot. So uhm, it's an obvious example.


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[Assistant] So on, and I can see that that's something that excites you. So maybe that's a direction you could look at.


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[Assistant] I mean the Guru in a Vedic environment can do that because it's like a family.


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[Assistant] And I can't dictate to you what to do, but I can advise you.


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[Assistant] That's the Guru-Shishya relationship. It's not just for memorizing Shloka. It's for how to live your life in a way that you're happy, peaceful, and can make steady spiritual progress. So unfortunately, that's not, uh, available, uh, to young people today. But just imagine,


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[Assistant] A union of Vaishnava healthcare professionals, an association of Vaishnava social workers, an affiliation of Vaishnava peacemakers, a community


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[Assistant] Imagine what kind of world this would be, where it's predicated not on competition, but on cooperation. What an amazing world that would be.


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[Assistant] That vision of the exciting adventure of Srila Prabhupada's mission in the world. What it could be someday.


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[Assistant] If we don't lose our enthusiasm for it, if we don't lose our sense of vision of where it can go, how deeply it can penetrate the kind of reform of society that is capable of happening, if each individual, each of us,


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[Assistant] Maybe one person has a gift for here in New York, we have Divya Mataji. She's done the most amazing Ayurvedic restaurant, top reviews in all of the media, all of the newspapers and online reviews and so on. Best vegan, vegetarian restaurant in New York. And now she's opening a cooking school. And from her cooking classes, devotees are coming.


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[Assistant] But you cannot be in the association of such a wonderful devotee as Divya.


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[Assistant] And not have your heart transformed as well as your cooking skills.


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[Assistant] And the same is true in every arena, every arena. My godbrother Gururanga, world class lawyer, used to be top legal counsel to one of the big cosmetic companies.


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[Assistant] He's organizing an association of Vaishnav lawyers now. They had a conference last January in Gainesville.


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[Assistant] It's unlimited and it's so exciting. I, I love the verse in Bhagavad Gita where Krishna tells Narjuna, I am victory and adventure.


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[Assistant] About 20 years ago, I was asked to serve as the, uhm,


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[Assistant] And it was the largest such gathering in UN history when 1500 leaders from around the world came. And the program was funded by


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[Assistant] Uh, a number of very wealthy individuals. One of the sponsors was Stephen J. Rockefeller. Now, the Rockefeller family, as you know, very well-to-do family. Stephen Rockefeller, uhm,


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[Assistant] When, in his younger years, he was headed for the seminary. He was going to be a priest. But then he discovered Buddhism.


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[Assistant] And, uh, so he's been a practicing Buddhist for many years. Uhm, and a wise man.


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[Assistant] I've conducted many interviews for the books that I've done, and sometimes I can be a little impertinent in the questions that I ask.


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[Assistant] So I sat, we were sitting down and the cameras were rolling and the lights were on it. I said, so tell me, what's it like to be a Rockefeller?


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[Assistant] And the answer he gave me was something I'll never forget. He said, you know, some of us are called upon to play out our parts on a grand stage, world, world stage.


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[Assistant] Others among us are called upon to play our, our parts on a more modest stage.


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[Assistant] Our responsibility is to take whatever opportunities there are in front of us and to make the most of them.


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[Assistant] 1971, I was with Srila Prabhupada in Paris and I asked him, you know Srila Prabhupada,


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[Assistant] You always say in your lectures and in your books and your writings that the gopis love for Krishna as the highest love of all.


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[Assistant] Is that what you want us to do? Do you want your disciples to love Krishna like the gopis?


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[Assistant] And he said, well, that's very nice if you want to do that. But you have to be completely free of all material desire. He said, for now you should read the books.


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[Assistant] And he mentioned in particular Chaitanya Tarottamrita, which he had begun to translate at that time. And he mentioned Chaitanya Bhagwat, which he had not translated. So to your quest, to your point earlier,


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[Assistant] Here's an example where Srila Prabhupada told me personally to read a book that he had not written. And I said, all right, well, I'll do as you have suggested.


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[Assistant] But still I don't understand. If the love of the gopies is the highest love, why would anybody ever want to be anything else?


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[Assistant] Why would anybody want to be a blade of grass or a cow or a...


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[Assistant] And this to this day I've been meditating on this. He said ultimately it's a question of personal choice.


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[Assistant] Usually he said the followers of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu end up in the mood of the gopis.


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[Assistant] You have, there's something you have to understand about the spiritual world.


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[Assistant] In the spiritual world, if you are a big glass or are a little glass, when you're full, you're full.


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[Assistant] That has, that one moment with Srila Prabhupada has seen me through some very dark times.


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[Assistant] Uh, that has inspired me for the past 50 years.


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[Assistant] And uhm, it also has helped me to understand, uh, the answer to your question just now.


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[Assistant] We all make our contribution, some of us on a world stage, some of us are big glasses.


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[Assistant] But you do not have the right. You do not have the right.


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[Assistant] To judge the efficacy or importance of your devotional service. You have no right to do that. The smallest little gesture of compassion of friendship of love of concern for another person


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[Assistant] Can be the spark that ignites the fire of their spiritual life. And to judge any service as higher or lower is a travesty.


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[Assistant] Be very, we have to be very, very cautious of this. I think it behooves the temple presidents.


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[Assistant] To do a population survey, to sit down with every one of the people in their community and get to know them better.


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[Assistant] How often do we know the many people who are coming to our temple so well that we can say, Oh Jim, great to see you. How's the family?


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[Assistant] In his lifetime, maybe he initiated 5,000 people. Now, how many millions of people are there? Coming to 800 temples around the world. He didn't see that. He didn't stay long enough to see that personally. So, Phalaena Puri Chiyate, sometimes...


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[Assistant] And, and to use a biblical analogy, we may be like the Jews wandering in the desert, not destined to see the promised land. We're, we're laying a foundation for the future and sometimes the,


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[Assistant] Of course Prabhupada was someone for everything. He liked to see the books going out.


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[Assistant] But that was not to the detriment of the quality of service or to Vaishnava behavior or to the small things. He was the perfect embodiment of that.


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[Assistant] Even the small things, those are the things that I remember. Yes, of course I remember my spiritual master as someone who started a worldwide


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[Assistant] Movement, but that's not the part of him that I remember most.


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[Assistant] The part that I remember most was the person who I was on a morning walk with in London. And you know, he used to brush his teeth with Nim twigs.


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[Assistant] So there are no nim trees growing in London, but we went to Hyde Park and there was a willow tree. So the willow tree was hanging down and he said to his secretary, please take some twigs for toothbrushes. So he went up, broke one twig off. He went up, broke a second twig off.


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[Assistant] And then, uh, Nanda Kumar was reaching up to break a third twig. And Prabh said, no, no, do not disturb more than necessary.


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[Assistant] Say, maybe I need to take some twigs for my personal use, but I don't wish to disturb this tree more than necessary.


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[Assistant] That are embedded in my heart. That's the Prabhupada I recall. Yes, there's the world Acharya of the universe, you know.


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[Assistant] And so, but uhm, I remember him as someone with a wicked sense of humor and who was concerned.


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[Assistant] He said alright, then don't fight. He said husband and wife shouldn't fight.


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[Assistant] Husband and wife should love each other, otherwise the relationship becomes dry. Now, you don't hear that very often in Bhagavatam class. But this was, this is the Srila Prabhupada I remember.


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[Assistant] It's a mistake to think that somehow there's this.


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[Assistant] Sharp divide between our material life and our spiritual life and


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[Assistant] We're only interested in the spiritual side. That's a neophyte vision. That's an incomplete understanding.


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[Assistant] Of the nature of Brahman, of the nature of the Krishna conscious theology. We see everything as the energy of Krishna to be engaged properly, to be respected, to be honored, uh,


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[Assistant] I am astonished by the expertise with which you have summarized this entire conversation. Very impressive. Thank you.


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[Assistant] Now, celebrities like Rihanna, T.I., and Lana Del Rey are tweeting for clemency for Centoya.


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[Assistant] Chapter 8 The Stapletons of Penn House


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[Assistant] The next morning was sunny, and we were all much more cheerful.


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[Assistant] The house did not seem so bad in the light of day. I told Sir Henry about the crying of the woman.


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[Assistant] He called for Barrymore and asked him if he knew anything about the crying.


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[Assistant] There are only two women in this house, he answered slowly.


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[Assistant] One is the maid, who sleeps on the other side of the house. The other is my wife.


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[Assistant] And I can tell you that she was certainly not crying. But I knew that Barrymore was lying.


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[Assistant] I had seen Mrs. Barrymore that morning when she did not see me.


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[Assistant] I could see clearly that she had been crying for many hours.


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[Assistant] It seemed to me that Barrymore was more mysterious than we had thought.


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[Assistant] Was it possible that Barrymore was, in fact, the man who had been watching Sir Henry in London?


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[Assistant] I decided I would watch him closely in the future.


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[Assistant] I decided to go to the local post office and see if Holmes' message had really been given to Barrymore or to someone else.


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[Assistant] Sir Henry had to read over some papers, so I walked to the post office alone.


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[Assistant] It was in the nearest village, which was called Grimpen. This was the town that Dr. Mortimer lived in.


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[Assistant] I spoke to the boy who had taken the message to the hall.


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[Assistant] He was working in one of the gardens, so I couldn't give it to him.


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[Assistant] But I gave it to Mrs. Barrymore and she said she would give it to him immediately. Did you see Mr. Barrymore? I asked him. No, said the boy, looking impatient. It was hopeless to ask any more questions.


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[Assistant] Although Holmes' ideas in London had been clever, I still did not have the answers I needed.


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[Assistant] I was walking away from the post office when I heard someone calling me.


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[Assistant] When I turned around, I expected to see Dr. Mortimer because I did not know anyone else in the area. But it was a stranger.


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[Assistant] He was a small thin man with blonde hair and no beard.


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[Assistant] He was carrying a net to catch butterflies and a box to put them in.


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[Assistant] Good afternoon, Dr. Watson, he said as he came up to me. My name is Stapleton.


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[Assistant] I was visiting my friend Dr. Mortimer when I saw you walk by. Dr. Mortimer told me who you are. May I walk along with you?


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[Assistant] This path back to the hall goes near my home, which is called Penn House. Please


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[Assistant] Come in and meet my sister and spend an hour with us. I decided to do this. So we walked along together.


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[Assistant] I know that you are a close friend of Sherlock Holmes, said Stapleton.


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[Assistant] Has Mr. Holmes any ideas about Sir Charles' death? I can't answer that question, I said. Will Mr. Holmes visit us himself? he asked.


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[Assistant] He is in London on business and cannot leave, I answered, a little coldly. I did not like him asking me these questions. We continued to walk.


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[Assistant] Stapleton told me that he and his sister had lived in Devonshire for only two years.


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[Assistant] They had moved there soon after Sir Charles had begun to live in Baskerville Hall.


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[Assistant] He also talked about the moor and how interesting it was to him.


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[Assistant] He told me to look across the moor to a place that was a dull green and brown color.


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[Assistant] That is the great Grimp in Marsh, Stapleton said.


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[Assistant] If animals or men go into the marsh, they will fall into it and die.


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[Assistant] But I am not afraid of it, because I know where to walk. Oh, look what is happening to another of those poor horses.


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[Assistant] As we watched, we saw a horse that was fighting to get out of the thick wet sand of the marsh.


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[Assistant] It is a very evil place, the Great Grimpin' Marsh.


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[Assistant] I noticed that, as Stapleton spoke, he looked almost happy.


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[Assistant] You say you know how to travel in and out of the marsh safely, I asked him. Yes, there are a few paths and I have found them.


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[Assistant] Those low hills you can see are like islands, which are surrounded by the wet marsh sand.


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[Assistant] That is where I can find the unusual plants and butterflies that I collect.


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[Assistant] I think I shall try my luck one day, I said, just to see what he would say. He looked at me in surprise. Please don't try, he said.


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[Assistant] You would never return alive, and it would be my fault.


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[Assistant] Suddenly a long low howl, very deep and rather sad, came over the moor.


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[Assistant] It filled the whole air, then it faded away. What was that? I asked. I felt a touch of fear in my heart. Stapleton had a strange look on his face.


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[Assistant] The people say it's the ghostly hound of the Baskervilles, which is looking for something to hunt and kill.


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[Assistant] I've heard it once or twice before, but never so loud. People usually hear it only at night. You are a man of science, I said. You don't believe that story, do you?


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[Assistant] Isn't there an ordinary explanation for the sound? Well, perhaps there is.


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[Assistant] There are some very strange birds that live in the marsh.


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[Assistant] Their voices sound like something howling or crying. Maybe the cry we heard was one of those.


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[Assistant] At that moment a small butterfly flew across the path in front of us.


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[Assistant] Excuse me, Dr. Watson," cried Stapleton, and ran off to try to catch the butterfly.


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[Assistant] He ran quickly and followed the butterfly into the marsh.


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[Assistant] As I watched him, I saw that he knew exactly where to put his feet, so he was not in any danger of drowning. Then, I heard the sound of steps behind me. I turned and saw a woman walking towards me. I was sure she was Miss Stapleton.


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[Assistant] She was very beautiful and tall with a lovely face. Before I could say anything, she said,


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[Assistant] Stapleton had caught the butterfly and was walking back to us.


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[Assistant] Hello, my dear, he said to his sister, but it seemed to me that his voice was not very friendly. I see that you two have met one another.


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[Assistant] I am sorry, I said. You have made a mistake. I am not Sir Henry. I am Dr. Watson, a friend who is visiting him. Miss Stapleton was clearly angry with herself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wondered why the Stapletons had come to live so far away from other people near the cold, dark moor. Stapleton seemed to know what I was thinking.


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[Assistant] He said, You might think this is a lonely place to live, but the moors can be very beautiful, and my sister and I are happy here. I once owned a school in the north of England, but I had to close it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I miss teaching the children, but there is plenty to do here, and we have good neighbors. I hope Sir Henry will become a friend. His uncle was very much loved in this town.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you think I might visit the hall this afternoon to meet him? I am sure he would like to meet you, I said.


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[Assistant] I must return to Baskerville Hall now, but I will tell him you are coming.


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[Assistant] I said goodbye to the Stapletons and began to walk back to the hall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I realized she had run by a quicker way to get ahead of me.


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[Assistant] Your message is very important to me, I said.


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[Assistant] Yes, but I do not believe it. It is only a silly ghost story, I replied.


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[Assistant] She looked at me and her eyes burned with emotion.


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[Assistant] Sir Henry won't leave this place without a real reason.


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[Assistant] He will not leave because of a ghost story, my dear," I said gently. Miss Stapleton sighed and said nothing. One more question, Miss Stapleton, I said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The story of the Hound is well known. Why didn't you want your brother to hear what you said? Miss Stapleton looked uncomfortable.


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[Assistant] She turned and went back towards her house and I walked on to Baskerville Hall.


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[Assistant] I could not see how poor people had the means of being kind, and then to learn to speak like them, to adopt their manners, to be uneducated.


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[Assistant] To grow up like one of the poor women I saw sometimes nursing their children or washing their clothes at the cottage doors of the village of Gateshead. No.


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[Assistant] I was not heroic enough to purchase liberty at the price of caste. But are your relatives so very poor? Are they working people? I cannot tell. Aunt Reed says, if I have any, they must be a beggarly set. I should not like to go a-begging. Would you like to go to school? Again I reflected. I scarcely knew what school was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bessie sometimes spoke of it as a place where young ladies sat in the stocks, wore backboards, and were expected to be exceedingly genteel and precise.


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[Assistant] John Reed hated his school and abused his master, but John Reed's tastes were no rule for mine, and if Bessie's accounts of school discipline


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[Assistant] Gathered from the young ladies of a family where she had lived before coming to Gateshead was somewhat appalling.


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[Assistant] Her details of certain accomplishments attained by these same young ladies were, I thought, equally attractive.


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[Assistant] She boasted of beautiful paintings of landscapes and flowers by them executed, of songs they could sing and pieces they could play.


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[Assistant] Besides, school would be a complete change. It implied a long journey, an entire separation from Gateshead, an entrance into a new life. I should indeed like to go to school, was the audible conclusion of my musings. Well, well, who knows what may happen, said Mr. Lloyd, as he got up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The child ought to have a change of air and scene, he added, speaking to himself. Nerves not in a good state.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bessie invited him to walk into the breakfast-room, and led the way out. In the interview which followed between him and Mrs. Reed, I presume, from after occurrences, that the apothecary venture to recommend my being sent to school, and the recommendation was no doubt readily enough adopted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But as Abbot said, in discussing the subject with Bessie, when both sat sewing in the nursery one night after I was in bed, and as they thought asleep,


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[Assistant] Mrs. Was, she dared say, glad enough to get rid of such a tiresome, ill-conditioned child.


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[Assistant] Who always looked as if she were watching everybody and scheming plots underhand.


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[Assistant] Abbott, I think, gave me credit for being a sort of infantine Guy Fawkes.


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[Assistant] On that same occasion I learned for the first time from Miss Abbott's communications to Bessie that my father had been a poor clergyman, that my mother had married him against the wishes of her friends, who considered the match beneath her, that my grandfather Reed was so irritated at her disobedience he cut her off without a shilling, that after my mother and father had been married a year


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The latter caught the typhus fever while visiting among the poor of a large manufacturing town where his curacy was situated, and where that disease was then prevalent, that my mother took the infection from him, and both died within a month of each other. Bessie, when she heard this narrative, sighed, and said, "'Poor Miss Jane is to be pitted, too, Abbott."


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, responded Abbott, if she were a nice pretty child one might compassionate her for loneliness, but one really cannot care for such a little toad as that.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Little darling, with her long curls, and her blue eyes, and such a sweet colour as she has, just as if she were painted. Bessie, I could fancy a Welsh rabbit for supper. So could I, with the roast onion. Come, we'll go down.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you read any of these letters, you have no idea about the uh, the duration and density of the journey before us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And you become, frankly, more angry with how foul the criminal justice system is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] People in the crime lab saying the tire prints match, the shoe prints match, the hair matches, the bite marks match.


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[Assistant] Because of these unreliable methods, innocent people are going to prison.


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[Assistant] It's the whole profession. It's the whole system. It's the whole methodology. It's all junk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I mean, Mr. Wainwright and I have a surprise for you. We'll tell you all about it at the meeting, but we must hurry as I have a train to catch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so, since you have approved my request to allow me expenses for a trip to New York, I am leaving this afternoon to consult with Mr. Herbert Benham, the distinguished composer and critic, who's to be our guest conductor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Barry, the influence of Bach on Wagner.


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[Assistant] It's another man, I met him on the train. What? Oh no, it's not what you're thinking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it's not exactly an act of charity. You would be doing me a favor, too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What would you like to eat? Perhaps you'd like to order now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very well, Jimmy. But you're still not very gracious.


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[Assistant] Very well. Just this once. 12.30. I'll be at Herbert Benham's office. Yes, the conductor. Goodbye. What?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sounds much worse than it is. I promised to go just this once. After all, I do have to eat some place, some time, and it might as well be with Jimmy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello. Oh, hello. Meet you in front of Mindy's restaurant? Well, perhaps you're busy. Let's not... All right. I leave here right now. Goodbye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello. Hello, Barry. Yes, this is she. Yes. Yes, Barry. Yes, the boys did very well. No, I can't go out to lunch.


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[Assistant] But, but Barry, I have something to tell you. Yes, it's very serious.


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[Assistant] But, very well. I'll meet you at my hotel at five o'clock. Yes, yes. Goodbye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, Herbert, I am sorry. You have been a darling, though. But for you, I might have married that


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[Assistant] Hello? Oh, hello, Jimmy. Yes, for dinner, but not the theater.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carter Holden's having a jam session and I promised Barry Clayton I'd be there. I don't want to go, but I must. Please, Jimmy, just this once. I want you to take me. As a matter of fact, it will help me a great deal if you're there. You will? Oh, thank you. Yes, I'll meet you downstairs in the lobby in 20 minutes. Goodbye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In my last video, we had created this simple navigation component, but it is not responsive. We can see if I will reduce the size of this window. See, if I reduce the size of window, it will break. It won't be here normally. That's why in this video, I will make it responsive. So I'm gonna add some bootstrap code to my, this top navigation component.


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[Assistant] So let's go to my aim repository in a GitHub. You can find this link in my description below. Go to developer course.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go to the chapter 10. Go to lab 1. Now go to tax 2. Now click on the site topnet.html.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let me copy this. Now open the CX console.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go to your content folder. Now go to the site top nav. Now open the site top nav.html. Now replace this code with this code.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now, here you can see, I'm using the same code. The logic is same. We are using dataSlyRepeat, currentPage.listChildren. We are extracting the children and looping over this anchor tag. And above, if you go above, you will see this, uh, bootstrap classes here. I'm using this code, I'm using this code to make it responsive as this is


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A tutorial of AEM, so I'm not gonna cover full step code here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just see, it's a simple code. We are using hash vstrong. We have added a button. We added a button to make it collapsible. That's it. There's nothing any new AEM code has been added here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So now save this file. Let me open our page again. Now refresh it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now you can see the, our menus are here in this button. When you click in this button, you will be able to see this menu. And again, if I will close this, be able to see this menu here in the top navigation menu. So now it has become responsive. So now we have a responsive navigation menu.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it is still just a simple list of the children of the current page.


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[Assistant] Thank you, friends. If you enjoyed this video, subscribe my channel, like this video, and share this with your friends. Thanks again for watching.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You get up in the morning, you hear the whistling, and you have it.


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[Assistant] You'd have old prams, bikes, rats. I'm not talking about like, yes ma, everyday rat, I'm talking about big...


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[Assistant] Wherever the hood was, and you can get a clear run at the water, no matter what it was, you come off it.


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[Assistant] We have all the youngers queuing up. Yeah, my turn, my turn.


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[Assistant] The father went to go on a walk on the docks or something like that, but you didn't worry about that. Once you had the canal and once you had your swim and once you had your friends, you know you were always going to be okay.


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[Assistant] Hell on that canal bank, you know, cause people will be planning their lives, you know, what they're going to do and the...


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[Assistant] We're gonna travel the world together, we're gonna do this and we're gonna do that. You're gonna be something.


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[Assistant] It's something you always take with you, you know, is the happy days on the canal, like, you know. To us, they were the greater days of our lives.


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[Assistant] Yeah, uhm, Brian, I'm curious, it seemed like most of what you talked about was auditory, but your last few examples made me wonder if, uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Touch approaches, uhm, either a braille-oriented, you know, bump thing or a vibration thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With, you know, a little pad that could be scrolled and zoomed and whatnot is also a valuable approach. And if you're doing anything with it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Britain wants out of the EU. But we've been in for more than 40 years. With our countries, our systems becoming more and more tangled up with each other, more and more enmeshed. And we only have two years to hammer out a divorce deal.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In Lumelo, it seemed like you did the co-design with the teachers and not so much with the students.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You mentioned that uhm, one effect of uhm, your study with the students was that when the teacher had the glasses on, the students knew uhm, you know, they were being watched. Uhm, I'm, I'm curious about other feedback uhm,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That you got from the students and, and if you can anticipate if you could do co-design with the students, uhm, might there be ways where they could articulate how I can be supported in this, you know,


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[Assistant] Or at an inconvenient time, this person will say or do something to bring their relationship to an end. Sometimes they walk away.


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[Assistant] Sometimes they act up and force you to take a stand. Sometimes they die. What we must realize is that our need has been met or desire fulfilled. Their work is done. Your need has been answered. And now it is time to move on. When people come into your life for a season,


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[Assistant] They bring you an experience of peace, or make you laugh. They may teach you something you have never done.


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[Assistant] They usually give you an unbelievable amount of joy. Believe it. It is real. But only for a reason.


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[Assistant] Your job is to accept the lesson, love the person and put what you have learned to use in all other relationships and areas of your life.


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[Assistant] If you can dream and not make dreams your master, if you can think and not make thoughts your aim, if you can meet with triumph and disaster.


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[Assistant] And treat those two imposters just the same. If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken, twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools, or watch the things you gave your life to, broken, and stooped to build them up again with worn out tools. If you can make one heap for all your winnings, and risk it


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[Assistant] God, you feel good. A whole year in that island and all I could think of was you. But you sure are worth waiting for, honey. Hello!


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[Assistant] But for whatever you've done while I've been away, Hank, I don't have to thank you. A man doesn't have to thank his best friend.


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[Assistant] How are you Bill? Never felt better in my life. Well, that's fine. You look great, a little older. I am older. Well, here it is. Sure looks good to me. My favorite chair, the piano I was going to learn to play. Yeah.


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[Assistant] Well, we'll get along fine, Peter. Just, uh, see that the laundry doesn't starch my collars, boil my eggs four minutes, toast dry, coffee black, and, uh, don't knock on the bathroom door. Yes, sir. Oh, yes, and bring in some ice and soda and glasses.


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[Assistant] Married, huh? Who's the girl, do I know her? Very well.


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[Assistant] Well, so long as his wife is here with him. But now that I'm back, actually, you'll find an apartment somewhere right away.


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[Assistant] Oh Vicki, wouldn't it be wonderful if I'd never done anything to hurt you? If I'd just mentioned and said, here's the girl I've been waiting for all my life? Because you are, honey. And I'll never let you go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm Chip Foose, we're here at Foose Design, and today I want to talk about the 63 split window Corvette. The split window is probably the rarest of all the second generation Corvettes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the reasons for that is there were just a few, uh, more than 10,000 of the 63 split windows built and they quickly started cutting the split out of the rear. I think even GM sold a replacement kit so you could put a one-piece window in.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guys on the assembly line were complaining that they had to put two windows in. It'd be easier if it was one. And people driving them were complaining that that split window obstructed their view in the rear view mirror. So the sought after car is the rarest, and that's a 63.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love this car so much. Same year I was born. I've always thought that I would like to have one. I have never owned one yet.


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[Assistant] And add that and make it body color. If I were going to build one, I'd probably put a roadster shop chassis underneath it, a killer motor, drop the thing right down on the ground and do a really cool set of larger diameter wheels and lower profile tires. Something that, uh, you could jump in this thing and just enjoy driving it in New York from California.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want this to look like the real thing, so I'm gonna go ahead and use a tissue paper and overlay it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And pulled the two lines for the, uh, quarter windows. The rest of it, I basically left the same. I shortened the exhaust a little bit. And, of course, a killer ride height on this thing. Just bring the thing down on the ground. And, uh, with a big set of wheels and tires, this car would look really cool. Here's a little fun fact is, uh, I also removed the wind wing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the wind wing is also referred to as a smoker's window. The reason that they had those, you could open that up, it would draw air out of the vehicle. So for smokers, it pulled the smoke outside. Not too many people smoke today. We don't need it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I have my line drawing done, and you can see the subtle changes that I've made. Of course, the bigger wheels, the stance, it's right on the ground. I added the original


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Side pipes in here, but the door is, is pulled back a little bit. It's got more angle on it. The windshield is pulled back, the, the pillar on the mirror. Uh, I also pulled the back of the, uh, rear window and lengthened it a little bit. Not a lot of changes, just very subtle little changes that I think could make the car a little prettier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again, as I bring the blue out, what I'm doing is indicating what would be sky tone on certain surfaces reflecting the sky that would be above. I think I'm going to go ahead and draw this car in silver. So we're going to put a lot more blue sky tone reflecting into the silver.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It would have been a rocket ship hitting the auto industry. Because when you think about what was out before this, you know, a lot of these 50's cars and everything, they were just these giant voluptuous cars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And this thing came out with it's hard crisp edges and really sleek design, low. It was just a beautiful car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That really changed the way that designers were looking at forms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You know, these big soft shapes that had hard peaks coming out of them and, and.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rolling off of the peak on both sides and then flowing back into another body form. It was something that had never been done before.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you ask if I have a criteria of cars that are really rare if I feel guilty cutting into them, well yeaah, if there was something that came in that was a survivor that was absolutely beautiful and


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wouldn't mess with it. If it had a little rust spot here and there, I would tell the owner, let's repair this. It's a survivor. Let's keep it because it has survived all these years and let's not completely alter it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't ever want to destroy something that has survived and is an extremely rare version of a certain car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some people wonder why cars are lowered. You know, and you'll notice my drawing. I've really lowered this car. And...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you look at performance cars, most of them, race cars, have been lowered because your center of gravity is lower, you can corner better, and it just looks really cool when it's got the perfect stance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But, uh, you know, some people say, well, if that's better, then why don't they do that at the factory? Well, if a factory is building race cars, you'll notice that most of the race cars have a very low stance, uh, like a Cobra or a GT40.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These types of cars are built lowered. But when you're trying to build a car for the masses, you're not going to lower them like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because everybody has to drive them, and one of the things you have to do when you lower a car is you have to learn how to drive it. When you pull up to a driveway that has a, you know, an angle, a ramp that you have to come up into,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You learn that you have to slow down, you gotta turn the wheels, you gotta go on an angle and get into that position so that you can go up a driveway. It's not as easy as a regular production car. You can destroy something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spend a lot of money fixing it real quick. So, when you see somebody that's in a lowered car,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Generally, it's not their first car that's been lowered, and they've already learned how to drive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well now you can see the differences with some color on it much easier than before I added the color.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The A pillar is pulled back. The windshield is pulled back. I also laid the back of the door back. The door cut is pulled back as well. The rear window is longer, leaner and laid back a little bit. Also added the


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is a stock piece, the side pipes, uh, of course wheels and tires and the stance. It's not a lot of work. The mirror laid back and I got rid of the smoker's window, which is the wind wing that


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That line just doesn't work with everything else. You can see it worked with the back of the door, but we got rid of that so we don't need it at all. I think this is a sexy little corvette.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If you were to ask me why the split window is so beautiful, it's, you also have to pay attention to the peak that's in the center of this body. There's a little raised section, you know, the fenders have it, everything is designed, it's kind of a soft form.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's almost as if there was a spine that was pushing up through this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Through these surfaces and pulling the surface up and they did that same thing throughout the whole center line of the car.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when you cut it out and made it a single window, you were breaking up that spine. And to continue that spine line, that is really a key element of the design of the car. Coming off the roof and going all the way to the pointed tail. And the two windows allowing that peak to trail all the way through.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a really elegant design. The 64 and later models, they got rid of it and it's lacking because of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Evolution of the Corvette. You can follow the design from the very first year. It has evolved into something better and better and better every year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's only two cars that I can say that about. It's the Corvette and the 911. And with subtle changes done to the 63, same year I was born, it's been on my bucket list for years. I would love to have it, but I'd love to do this to it as well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Bloom, one of the most influential educational psychologists.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So computer-based tutoring systems have been suggested as a promising solution to simulate and eventually scale up one-on-one human tutoring experiences.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For decades, research has been designing and building computer-based tutoring systems, such as the famous AutoTutor as shown on the right here, which is an intelligent tutoring system.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That teach university students subjects such as computer literacy and physics. However, the prior work has their limitations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First, most of the existing computer tutors are designed as formal study tools in traditional classroom settings. In real life,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So far no prior work has demonstrated an adaptive way of tutoring that can be applied at scale. Third, human tutors usually learn from tutoring students.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We cannot monitor students' learning trajectories and learning outcomes to adjust tutoring tactics to become more effective.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Moreover, when we look at current commercial solutions, even these solutions are limited.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They primarily consist of learning activities with limited interactivity, such as multiple choice questions, review and flip flashcards, and listen and repeat practices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And as a result, their effectiveness typically relies on learners' own desire to learn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we know that there does exist a need to improve current education for both child learning and adult learning. Here are some supporting statistics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And lastly, more than 80% of learning happens in informal learning environments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, the overarching goal of my dissertation work is to create effective and engaging computer-based tutoring systems that can be used in informal learning settings for both children and adults.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Feedback refers to timely feedback when students make a mistake or become stuck. Scaffolding is an educational term.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We know that human one-on-one tutors provide feedback in sky folding through natural language conversations with students.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] First, natural language processing algorithms are becoming increasingly more sophisticated nowadays and ready to be applied to education.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Second, conversational user interfaces are usually highly engaging.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Student learning usually increases as we move from passive learning to active learning to constructive learning and to interactive learning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Second, chatbots can deliver instructions or feedback out of order based on students' current understanding and reactions, hence making teaching more adaptive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Third, researchers have shown that chatbots can help build students' rapport, and that helps enhance students' learning efforts and performance in mathematics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fifth, because natural language dialogues are highly engaging, they allow learners to actively construct knowledge when formulating responses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Based on all these financial benefits of chatbots and the limitations of prior computer tutoring work, here I present my thesis statement.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That leverage new AI techniques to provide adaptive feedback can engage students more, motivate them to spend more time using the tutor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first two systems are for adults to learn factual knowledge and English as a second language. The next two systems are for children to learn mathematics.


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[Assistant] The reason why I developed these four different systems is that I want to show the efficacy of conversation-based tutoring systems across different age groups and for different subject areas.


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[Assistant] A dialogue-based adaptive learning system for adults to learn factual knowledge.


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[Assistant] In real life, we often need to memorize a lot of factual knowledge, such as terms in science, vocabulary, and all kinds of rules.


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[Assistant] Therefore, I built Quizbot, a dialogue-based adaptive learning system for people to memorize factual knowledge on Facebook Messenger.


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[Assistant] I use a smooth inverse frequency SIF algorithm to convert students typed answers to sentence embeddings so that we can compare them with correct answers.


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[Assistant] I also use an adaptive question sequencing algorithm to present items in an adaptive way based on each student's learning trajectory to maximize the learning outcomes for students.


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[Assistant] In Quizbot, I teach people factual knowledge in three areas. Advanced English vocabulary, science, and safety rules.


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[Assistant] I hypothesize that this new conversational AI-based interaction can make factual knowledge learning more engaging and effective.


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[Assistant] Same factual question pool and same hints and explanations.


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[Assistant] The only independent variable between the two systems here is the interface. Quizbot has an interactive conversational interface and the FlashCard app has a tap, tap and flip interface.


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[Assistant] First, how engaging is Quizvel to learners in comparison to the traditional flashcard app? Second,


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[Assistant] Then they started to use both apps for five days under different study specifications. On the last day students first


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[Assistant] Under the user study procedure I described, I ran two user studies that each had an important difference in the conditions with two separate groups of participants. The first study was a within subject study where we fixed number of items practiced aiming to measure the effectiveness of the two apps. The second study was an observation study.


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[Assistant] This study was designed to measure people's engagement with such apps.


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[Assistant] We recruited 76 college students and alumni from 12 different US universities, including Stanford. These students came from over 20 different majors.


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[Assistant] In the second study, we had 15 females, 20 males, and one chose not to disclose.


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[Assistant] We found that given a fixed number of items practiced, with QuizBelt, people recalled and recognized over 20% more correct answers.


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[Assistant] The results here are immediate closed test results after five day learning period.


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[Assistant] The difference between the two was still significant at two months afterwards.


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[Assistant] However, Quizbot had its own drawback, which is it took 3.2 times more time for people to learn with Quizbot than with a flashcard app when practicing the same amount of items.


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[Assistant] On a scale of 1 to 5, I also ask people to read Quizbot and the Flashcard app in terms of ease of use, fun, effectiveness, and efficiency.


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[Assistant] But the percentage dropped when it came to preparation for exams, likely due to Quizbox's lower efficiency.


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[Assistant] To summarize, I designed, built, and evaluated crystal.


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[Assistant] Despite taking longer to learn with QuizBelt, learners were much more engaged with QuizBelt and willing to spend more time.


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[Assistant] As a result, this led to learners improved learning on Recall with QuizBot when usage was voluntary.


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[Assistant] This work was conducted in collaboration with Future Labs in Tsinghua University in Beijing and will be published at IUI this year.


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[Assistant] These resources for speaking are primarily listen repeat based.


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[Assistant] Now I'm going to walk through each component of my English ball system. First, we have a learning material pin here, which is comprised of two sections, vocabulary and sentence structures.


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[Assistant] The conversation practice pin, shown on the right here, serves as a major learning window.


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[Assistant] Where most of the learning actions and interactions take place.


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[Assistant] English box dialogue bubbles, indicated by the orange boxes, consist of chatbot utterances.


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[Assistant] The chatbot also comes with the audio play button, which is used to replay the audio of the English sentences, and a translation button, which translates English sentences into Chinese.


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[Assistant] The user's dialogue bubbles, indicated by the dark gray boxes here, contain the user's replies. Adaptive feedback from EnglishBot.