[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wouldn't have thought that a couple of months ago that I'd be where I am in the competition.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, so I'm gonna do a pan seared barramundi, fries, and then do some roast pumpkin puree.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've got my pumpkin in the oven roasting and the seeds in there roasting as well. So everything's pretty much on the go right now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I want to make sure that everything, uhm, is well balanced, perfectly cooked, texturally perfect, and that fish is...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The pumpkin puree is really luxurious. Really dark, roasty colours and the fries are nice and crispy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really working hard on making sure that my dish today is more than just your average fish and chips.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Surf and turf. I know a lot about surf and turf. Being from Queensland, we love it up there. So I'm really excited to be cooking with both meat and seafood.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a little bit hard to reinvent the classic of surf and turf. Everybody loves it. So, you know, to make it even better, I really need to start digging deep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finals week is so close. Now is not the time to play at stake. I need to stand out if I want to be in the running for that fast track to finals week advantage. So I'm going to get really creative and push myself outside of the box.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so the dish is lamb and scallops with cauliflower, uhm, and laksa sauce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to do sort of a fusion of spices in this dish, uhm, but show that they work, you know?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The judges have just walked away from my bench and I feel like I have got everything on the line, putting lamb and scallops and laksa, you know, all together on the plate. It's, you know, not your usual flavor combination. I'm taking a huge risk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, so the dish is lamb and scallops with polyflour, uhm, and laksa sauce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The judges have never just walked away from me before, so it's a little bit concerning. But I'm just gonna go with my gut. This is not your regular surf and turf dish. Come on, Hissa. Yep. I'm going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know that I need to take a risk with my creativity if I want to produce something that will hopefully win me this challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With my laksa sauce. I'm using lots of aromats. Some coconut cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then really let that simmer. I know that I'm being really ambitious, but I'm hoping that the judges see how these flavors actually marry really well together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really pushing to reinvent surf and turf. My Luxa sauce has been simmering nicely on the stove and it tastes delicious. I need to get the lamb seared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I'm toasting it off in a pan with some ghee. So it gets that really nice crunchy, beautifully rich flavour. How are we looking? Smells amazing, Kirst.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a little bit different, you know, to your usual Italian route, um, but I know that these flavors work really well together and I'm pretty confident that this is gonna work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Putting lamb and scallops and laksa, you know, all together. It's, um, you know, not your usual flavour combination, but something that I would really like to eat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's, you know, really flavor packed. The proteins are cooked beautifully and it's something that I'm really proud to serve the judges.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really happy with my dish. I'm really hoping that the judges do see that the lamb and the scallops and the laksa are really nicely matched together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Previously on MasterChef Australia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amidst the magic of Margaret River, a team challenge that could determine their fate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's a stunning plaque, isn't it? Yeah, nice. Today would normally be a pressure test after our invention test, but there's five of us in chef whites and we're walking through the post CBD. Feels good in white though, doesn't it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's go, let's go. Oh my god. We're at Wildflower, one of the best restaurants in Australia. Let's do it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm attracted to advertisement style because it's the lighter style of food. It's using either vegetables or seafood, which are the two ingredients that I find myself most comfortable cooking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel even more nervous that I won't know what my ingredient is until I get into that kitchen. It could throw a really big curveball and I might find myself not knowing what to cook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really happy with marron, it's an amazing ingredient, synonymous to Western Australia. I can't wait to start cooking with it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Amazing. I love the idea of serving it with the shell, like, opening it up, making it a dressing, making it a mayonnaise. For sure, yeah, using the coral in the head, yeah. Absolutely. That means I can utilise that flame a lot more.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'm gonna cut the marin down the middle and cook it shell side down on that wood fire to get that wonderful smoky flavor infused into that meat and serve the dish like that. I wanna take the coral, which is basically the brains of the marin, out of the head and make an emulsion out of that and serve that in the head along with some radishes and maybe some persimmon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My biggest worry about today is that cooking this much marinate takes a long time to prep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's not as easy as it sounds, especially for someone who's not 100% familiar with it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's one of the best restaurants in Australia, so that's that level that I'm trying to aim for. Three, four, five.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My featured ingredient is Marin. I'm doing the second course, which is the entree. And my dish will be grilled Marin with coral emulsion and Jodan wax oil.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've been prepping Marin for quite a while now. I knew it was going to be the long task out of all my jobs. Uhm, I'm definitely running out of time. It's taking forever to split these Marin. I knew it was going to be a hard job and a long tedious job, but I'm just worried that I won't have everything done in time. Keep going, keep going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All my other elements still have to be started. I am cutting this so fine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's taking me ages to break down all the marron. I'm under a huge amount of pressure to get this done. I know the marron is the star of this dish. I need to make sure it's perfect. But it's just taking too long. At this point, I feel as though I'm not gonna get everything on the plate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Originally I planned to cook the marined meat just in the shell as it is on top of the wood fire grill until it was cooked through. But it's just gonna take too long. I have an idea in my head about how to speed up the cooking process. Just gonna pull them out. Yep. So about there. Release it. So cook these in butter separately. Like this? Yeah. And then put them back in. Yeah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Beautiful, thanks mate. Service has started and I am just starting to finish my stuff off. It has been a crazy rush to the final part of this service challenge. Simon, let's go mate, we need to start plating, alright? Cool. Time is going. Time is going, beautiful. It's time to go mate. Marry me back in the towel shell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want to serve the man in the shell because I truly believe that when you serve an ingredient to customers, they should know what they're eating. But not only that, it has to look good on the plate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm worried about that Marin. It does look mucky and disjointed because it hasn't got that whole shell on it. But I hope my other elements will balance that out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. I can't believe we're a kilometer below.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Detour, dance in a square, or walk in circles. We're gonna do walk in circles. Let's go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wouldn't mind to take a little bit more risk and to go with the blue cheese. It's a little bit more polarizing in a flavor. Happy cooking! Thanks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm thinking of a cheese platter and I'm building a dish around that idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the jargon sponge is a very classic sponge, and it's going to be like a biscuit to bring the whole dish together.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I need to spend as much time as I can to get that perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My dish is inspired by the cheese platter with blue cheese mousse, caramelised and fresh figs and jargon sponge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Joconde sponge is very important to bring the whole dish together. There's only this much cheese you can eat without the cracker.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm gonna go twill. I don't think my sponge is gonna work. I'm going with the twill. It's going to be sweet with thyme and honey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not gonna panic. Can I pull it off? I don't know, but it's worth a try.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's going to be very rush plating because I just don't have time. Come on Rishi, you got this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Beautiful. Overall, I'm really happy with the dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's blue cheese mousse with a honey and thyme twill. Fresh and caramelized figs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanted to do a joconde sponge, but I rushed it. It didn't work and I'm glad it didn't because I like the twill's better.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Never mind. On the last leg, we used the express path and we took a two-hour penalty. We still came in third. That just shows how strategic we are and how competitive we are.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel amazing about not having to dig in the dirt. Don't dig just one hole, dig many holes. You have to dig for them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Pull up the day right now. I believe he's gonna do very well in this challenge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the bottom layer, there is unsalted butter, sugar, cocoa, beaten egg, graham wafer crumbs, finely chopped almonds, and coconut.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They're heaven. Wow. That's awesome! There's our speed bump. Have a whale of a time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kay, it's, it's Amy. We have one left. There is a whale tooth in your backpack filled with the door items. So put the tooth in the mandible. Well done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which one is that? These are the Pacific oysters. Okay, what's this? Mahogany clams. That's not a mahogany. We're gonna be here a while. Wanna go around here?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave wants to work with me, which I find funny. We haven't really had a lot of communication this entire race.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave copied my work, but we still made it first. So cheating doesn't get you ahead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nope, they go bite some. Right in the ass.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, look at that waterfall. That's cool. We respect each other, cause we're all strong competitors. And we think yea, us three might end up being in the finale.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm hoping to get to this next roadblock and just see all the other teams struggling. We might have an opportunity to get out ahead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm working on the French, but I feel pretty confident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've never done public speaking before, but my dad is super into politics. He's run for city council before. I grew up to my dad giving speeches all the time, so I want to make him proud. I'm gonna give this a shot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to Lemma by Quebec Canada and the G7 Summit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next, I have to answer some questions to the press in Italian, German and Japanese.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kimi ai, kagaku, akademi e wakamono.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have no idea. I think maybe Italian? It was not Italian.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's Chef Tigong. Financing. I'm Gibon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Energia Polita. Lavoro. Pace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've been on a baseball team before, so I'm confident.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once we get 200 points, we can get outta here. You have to hit the peg, and the further it goes, the more points you get.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We need 20 more points, so if I had a home run we can get out of here. Try to make this one count.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are going to see John, and I can't wait to see his friendly face, because we are firmly in first place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You mean the red spot? Yea, maybe the wrong museum. You wanna go ask?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we went to the wrong museum. We were a lot closer to the place that we were supposed to go. So we kinda took a really long detour.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And hopefully other teams are still stuck in their detours and we still have a chance for first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We are going to see John! I am driving now because I think he was a little bit stressed. We don't really need much navigation. It looks like it's just six kilometers away so we're not too far. We just have to get there as fast as possible because we have no idea where everyone else is.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, it's a left here. And then another four kilometers after take the left.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carthy, she's a very emotional person. I'm the opposite.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I heard that eating the tag monk will make someone live forever.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Previously on The Amazing Race Canada.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you too, babe. And glided into their fourth first place finish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is Thunder Bay. Today this city at the top of Lake Superior will act as the starting point as four teams battle it out for a spot in the finale of the Amazing Race Canada.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All teams are now traveling more than 2,000 kilometers from Thunder Bay via Toronto to Halifax, Nova Scotia. Once they touch down, they'll load into an all-new 2019 Chevrolet Silverado High Country, where in this secret compartment, they'll find their next clue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Mister, just had fear, next clue. Okay. Teams us now drive to the town of Wolfville, Nova Scotia and locate the Tangled Garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A five acre terraced green space overlooking the Minas Basin in Grand Prey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In this roadblock, one racer will put their taste buds to the test as they sample and identify various jams and jellies made from herbs grown right here in the Tangled Garden.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Tangled Garden transforms herbs and fruits into jams and jellies made from all natural ingredients. First, racers must search the gardens for these seven herbs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once they have identified them, they must correctly match these jams and jellies with the herb that was used to make them. Once they've tasted success and correctly identified each herb, Beverly will give them their next clue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teens as now drive through the confusing and winding country roads of the Annapolis Valley to find this roadside Puckin' Apple stand where they'll find their next clue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hawk requires teams to make their way to the Acadia University campus and search for the Andrew H. McCain Arena.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once here, teams must suit up and get strapped into these two bladed specially designed sleds, or sledges. Then, they'll hit the ice for some team practice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When they're ready to attempt, they will each have to skate, pass, shoot, and score a goal in this sledge hockey drill, all in under one minute. Once they've completed the drill and scored on net, Hillary will give them their next clue.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teams that choose apples will be working on a completely different type of core challenge. Oh yeaah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teams will now search the countryside for Taproot Farms. Here, teams will work together using the all-new 2019 Chevrolet Silverado High Country to show their love for Nova Scotia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Using the truck's next generation rear-view camera system, teens will first reverse up to five clues that each spell out a stanza of the lyrics to the famous East Coast anthem, Farewell to Nova Scotia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once they've serenaded these locals, they'll receive their next clue. Let's go!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today, this beautiful hilltop winery, known for its award-winning wines and views of the Bay of Fundy, will act as the 10th pit stop on the Amazing Race Canada.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The last team to check in here will be eliminated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dave, Arena, all the best you two. Thank you. Pleasure having you. Thank you, John. Good luck. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ernie to the West. Chapter 22. A very strange pill.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Black Wind King took a step back. He looked confused.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When he opened them, Guan Yin was standing before him. Guan Yin! The bear cried. You tricked me with a disguise! Return the robe at once! Said Guan Yin. No! Said the Black Wind King.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The monkey punched and kicked the bear's insides.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please, stop! shouted the black wind king.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guan Yin held up a metal headband. It looked just like the one on Wukong's head. She placed it on the bear's head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong, come out now, said Guanyin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A tiny Wukong popped out of the Black Wind King's nose. He quickly grew to his normal size.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bear pointed to a dark room in the back of the cave.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After Wukong left to get the robe, the Black Wind King charged at Guan Yin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Guan Yin threw four more metal bands at him. Two clamped onto his wrists. The other two clamped onto his ankles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When the Bodhisattva began reciting a spell, the bear screamed. Aaaaah! Please!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong came back with the robe. When he saw the bear, he laughed. You have five of those bands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Black Wind King looked at the ground and sighed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two travelers headed west again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wukong told the monk about his adventure with the Black Wind King.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Easton. It's in Maryland on the eastern shore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I left and I was trying to go to Houston because my aunt lived in Houston and I liked to visit her there before. Before. And then they found me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But now, I know what I don't want to find.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because they were afraid you knew too much that you'd tell others how to get in and out unnoticed. I'm sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They don't like wasting things, but... Harvey.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've seen ten things I hate about you, and he got all the plot points right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but when he tells movies, you watch him. And if he stands up and gets too close to the fire, you watch his feet and move your arms toward him. And she used to do something similar that you do. When Andrew's telling a story about you both,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You tense up a bit because you don't know if it's going to be embarrassing or sweet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But either way, you have the same smile on your face at the end of it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They gave you broad spectrum antibiotics and fluids and you started to get better. But the pain meds kept you knocked out. How are you feeling?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One road in, one road out. And Amy nods, smiling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, she is. Now, thanks to you, she might get to meet her grandmother one day.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was waiting for you! He's going to help the Tang Monk reach the Western Paradise.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stop arguing, said Guanyin. Wujing, you will help the Tang monk reach the west.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was being punished for breaking a glass in heaven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When we reach the western paradise, I will be forgiven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Trevor, a person is more likely to die while dealing drugs than they would be on death row. In Texas. Wait, what are you talking about? It's from Freakonomics. Do you read anything that I give you? It doesn't matter, because you have to find somebody else. I'm not interested.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, I gotta go. I gotta get up early to see my grandmother and pay them another month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I hear someone's not taking their pills.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Cops are staking out a hotel, one of them dresses as a bellhop, the other is a man in a suit. And it was the exact same thing. You read a novel. In elementary school. What? I like to read.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And why'd you ask them what time it was? Uh, throw em off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What if I told you that I consume knowledge like no one you've ever met and I've actually passed the bar? I'd say you're full of crap. That's a Barbie legal handbook right there, right? Open it up. Read me something. Anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Including the deviation of the agent from his path, the reasonable inference of agency on behalf of the plaintiff, and the nature of the damages themselves. How did you know that? I learned it when I studied for the bar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And once I read something, I understand it. And once I understand it, I never forget it. Why take the bar?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should just go to law school. When I was in college, it was my dream to be a lawyer. I needed some money.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turns out we sold it to the Dean's daughter. I lost my scholarship, I got kicked out of school, I-


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I got knocked into a different life. And I have been wishing for a way back ever since.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I will work as hard as it takes to school those Harvard douches and become the best lawyer you have ever seen. I'm inclined to give you a shot, but what if I decide to go another way? I'd say that's fair. And sometimes I like to hang out with people who aren't that bright. You know, just to see how the other half lives.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You put your interests above mine and I'm just putting mine back up next to yours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know where they don't want us to look. Did you get through all those files in one night? I would have done it faster, but I ordered a pizza.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Speaking of which, have you ever had the cheese in the crust? Because it blew my mind. What'd you find? There was a dismissal on March 12th, 2005, but the file with the employee name on it is missing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's our woman, I know it is. I'm moving to slap sanctions on their attorney, possible jail time. Guy's not gonna know what hit him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shave. Have you ever heard of this woman, Joanna Webster?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What happened with the witness? Nothing. Nothing happened. I couldn't fix it. So you're gonna quit? It's either that or have Lewis Lit fire me. What are you talking about?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My first day, Lewis fired Gary Lipsky for screwing up a case. He said if I did the same thing, I'd be gone just as fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He came to work today. Nice suit. It was a barter transaction. I got six of them for one little briefcase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's just it. Only ever had one person who told me what I needed to hear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Harassment is a civil violation, the penalty is money, but witness tampering, that's a crime. And you will go to prison, where I guarantee you'll learn more about unwanted sexual advances that you can possibly imagine. Do you think this is going to intimidate me?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if this evidence was credible, who are you gonna get to prosecute a small-time witness tampering charge, huh? Harvey, didn't you graduate law school with the current U.S. Attorney in New York? In fact, I did.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not in a million years did I think that I would make it this far in this competition. Looking back at how much I've achieved, I've surprised myself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm really 22 years old and I have grown up so much as a cook and a person.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Um, yesterday was a team effort. We went down together, but today I've got to think of myself and I've worked way too hard to get this far in this competition. And finals week wasn't something that I've ever dreamed of being a part of. So if this is my express ticket there, then I'm definitely going to use it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Time's flying guys, come on. Alright, that's your first hour done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Looks beautiful. Guys, come close. Santi, talk us through this beautiful quail dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The difficulty's gonna lie in boning out that quail to perfection, not, you know, putting any holes in it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's just being super diligent, careful and caring. Dessert. Taste the way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In terms of your preparation, they're going to have to be working on the quail, working on stuff for the dessert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flip it over so we can have a look. Okay. Yeah, good.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you're looking good. Thank you. Well done. Keep going.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You don't seem to care about that anymore, and yeah, I need the briefcase back. And I'm gonna find it, Mike.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please, I just needed the money. I don't wanna go to jail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yup, Luckins. You go down that way. Yeah. And there's a road on your right called Grand Prix Road. Grand Prix Road.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the winners of this Face Off are Anthony and James. Okay, we'll do cutting edge. Okay. We're gonna do cutting edge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then maybe I can use my access to his bank accounts to buy myself a house in the Hamptons.


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[Assistant] A few days ago, I was presented with a report I'd asked for a comprehensive audit, if you will, of our economic condition. You won't like it. I didn't like it. But we have to face the truth and then go to work to turn things around.


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[Assistant] And make no mistake about it, we can turn them around. The federal budget is out of control.


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[Assistant] And we face runaway deficits of almost 80 billion dollars for this budget year that ends September 30th.


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[Assistant] Then catch the bus by four to the place where they can't spell happiness. Then the Crosstown. The 22 home. Hey! Chris! Hey, hey Ralph. I'm waiting!


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[Assistant] Alright, I got that for you, Ralph. I'mma get that for you.


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[Assistant] In order not to waste any time I wasn't hanging up the phone in between calls. Okay, thank you very much.


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[Assistant] Unit 5 Chopstick Coin Fork Blouse Silver Glass Cotton Steel Fair


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[Assistant] environmental grass leaf leaves produce widely be known for process pack product


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[Assistant] France No matter Local Brand Avoid Handbag Mobile Every day Boss Germany


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[Assistant] Germany Surface Material Traffic Postman Cap Glove International Competitor


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[Assistant] its its form form clay clay celebration celebration balloon balloon paper cutting paper cutting scissors scissors lively lively


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[Assistant] Fairy tale. Fairy tale. Historical. Historical. Heat. Heat. Polish. Polish. Complete. Complete. Korea. Korea. Switzerland. Switzerland.


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[Assistant] San Francisco. San Francisco. Marcus. Marcus. Pam. Pam.


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[Assistant] You drove me two blocks, Wayne. That's 200 yards. It's been four months, Wayne.


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[Assistant] You could cut the tension in here with a knife. And distressing decisions. We're gonna take the penalty now?


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[Assistant] Final leg has begun! This is gonna get really interesting. People from the Prairies are resilient, and it's gonna be really incredible when the first Saskatchewan team win the Amazing Race Canada.


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[Assistant] Do you want to just double check your bag? I literally, I've got nothing, Joanne. I'm just trying to look up seaplane terminal with the Toronto airport, but I like, I don't remember enough of what was on there. Uhm.


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[Assistant] Our plan is to find some kind of information centre and start searching all the words we can remember from what was on the clue.


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[Assistant] It's like shell executive something and it's, uh, I believe it's a terminal.


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[Assistant] I am feeling so responsible for losing our clue.


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[Assistant] Good. Perfect. Other side.


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[Assistant] We are definitely in this. Quitting is not an option.


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[Assistant] I wish to represent our province and I'm so in awe of everything that we've done.


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[Assistant] cost, cost wooden, wooden plastic, plastic take away, take away bin, bin shark, shark fin, fin cruel, cruel harmful


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[Assistant] harmful be harmful to be harmful to at the top of at the top of chain chain the food chain the food chain ecosystem ecosystem industry industry law law


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[Assistant] scientific scientific take part in take part in afford afford turn off turn off reusable reusable pay for pay for take action take action transportation


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[Assistant] transportation recycle, recycle napkin, napkin throw away, throw away put something to good use, put something to good use pull down, pull down upside down, upside down


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[Assistant] gate, gate bottle, bottle president, president inspiration, inspiration iron, iron work, work metal, metal bring back, bring back creativity,


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[Assistant] creativity wild aid wild aid WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature Jason Jason Hayes Hayes Jessica Jessica


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[Assistant] And so I went into this one with pretty high expectations, but I had heard that the book is super different and I would definitely agree the book is really different from the show because in this book we're following this man named Dr. Montague and he's searching for evidence that this haunting is real in this house. And so he invites these people to come and stay with him.


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[Assistant] In Hill House, so that they can get evidence with all of them there together that something's actually going on there. And the people that come are characters that you might be familiar with in the show, like Theodora, Eleanor, which is Nell.


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[Assistant] And it also lives up to that hype for me because I absolutely love this. This was in my top five favorite books that I read last year. I love the discussion about being a horror writer and all of the discussion about what makes horror


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[Assistant] And her family is like a new family, you know, because it's her mom and then she remarried this guy who's now her stepdad and she has the stepsister. And so their family is like now moving as one family into this new house that may or may not be haunted. And this house, oh my goodness, this real estate agent is like, don't go in the basement.


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[Assistant] Because it's off limits, like, whatever that means, right? Huge red flag. And then she's also like, yeah, this is what we call an up-and-coming neighborhood, so make sure to lock your doors at night, and like, don't leave anything out on the porch if you don't want it stolen, and like, you know, don't let the kids wander off, and like, just so many red flag after red flag after red flag, like, this is like,


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[Assistant] It makes their house freaking haunted. I don't understand it, but you know, that's what they do. And this book was good. I think I ended up giving this one like four stars. Like it's not one of my all time favorites, but the haunted house aspects of this book were really great. And honestly, like I'm just a sucker for any haunted house in a horror novel.


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[Assistant] What happened in the house with her son. And now she hasn't been back to the house in two years and now this story is about her coming back to the house and like dealing with what happened there.


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[Assistant] There's also this whole thing happening too in this book where Angela's grandmother was said to have like magical powers and that she like put this curse on the town. I will admit this book wasn't my personal favorite because I do think this book is a little bit too long for me personally and it just drags a little bit in parts, but


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[Assistant] The haunted house elements of this story are truly spooky and like it was the main reason why I was still hooked into this book and why I finished it because I do think the haunted house in this book is so well written.


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[Assistant] You'll probably enjoy The Shining, so. But yea, The Shining is more of a, you know, situation where it's a haunted hotel, it's this family.


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[Assistant] Care and connect with this story very much, but I will say the scenes with like the haunted house in this book were really well done. It's honestly been a couple years since I read this one, so I can't even specifically remember what about this book didn't work for me. But I do remember some scenes, like I still remember some scenes that took place in this haunted house, and it was just so creepy, so weird.


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[Assistant] Like it's a very technologically advanced home, and it's just spooky because, you know, you would think in a home like this advanced and this new, like it wouldn't be haunted, but no. This girl's like here in freaking footsteps above the bedroom, even though there's nothing up there, and then she's also, you know, like the smart home is just like turning on all the lights and blasting music like randomly, it's just,


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[Assistant] has like one of my favorite haunted houses that I've ever read in a book and because it's about, you know, this dad who, he wrote this book called House of Horrors that was about the house that they grew up in.


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[Assistant] Horror books or thriller books, like specific things in them that you would be looking for because I'm more than willing to do a whole bunch of videos like this recommending very specific tropes and things in horror or thriller books. So thanks for watching and I'll see you very soon with another video.


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[Assistant] Hurry up! Write your guess in the comment section below.


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[Assistant] Queer people, trans, two-spirit. We're running this race for people who don't fit into a box. Games on, games on.


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[Assistant] If you point your toes downward it goes forward. If you keep them horizontal, then that pushes you up higher.


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[Assistant] Good job, Big! I don't know how high he has to be.


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[Assistant] Too low. I have to go 15 feet up into the air. If it's less than that it doesn't count.


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[Assistant] There's a blue piece of tape on the hose that needs to come out of the water.


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[Assistant] Okay, first thing, let's get these up. So this goes like this. Give me a screw. I need you to have them crap.


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[Assistant] We're leaving in first place. This is exactly where we want to be. And I'm ready to find this candy cane.


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[Assistant] Entrance to Santa's Village right there. Thank you. Go, go, go. This way.


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[Assistant] Do you know where Santa is? Sorry. Where's Santa? Where's Santa?


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[Assistant] It's called Johnston's cranberry marsh. Here it is.


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[Assistant] We have to figure out how to set up an irrigation system. And you're in a cranberry bog. Like, it's wet.


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[Assistant] Can we carry two of these at a time? I can. Okay, go ahead, go go go.


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[Assistant] Right now we're separating sprinklers from connectors. There are two different kinds of pipes. One of them has a sprinkler head attached. What do you need on this side? Sprinkler head. I got your sprinkler head here. If you don't line them up correctly, the system's not gonna work. We need to make sure it's straight. Our garden's not this big, but I'm getting ideas.


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[Assistant] James! Do you think two at a time is good? Two is good. Kinda like carrying teepee poles. We're tired, and these pipes are heavy.


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[Assistant] We're racing through this challenge. We know the end is near. Here, watch out.


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[Assistant] Does that work with the connector? Yeah, it does. Okay, so this side's all correct. We just need to connect the other half. This needs to go here. It doesn't connect though. Like it won't fit.


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[Assistant] We correctly assemble one half of the field, but the other half is not lining up. Go to that pole, pull it this way. Wait, is there a sprinkler head on it? No. There is. It's not gonna work that way.


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[Assistant] Sprinkler head, skip, sprinkler head, skip. They're all equally spaced. Okay.


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[Assistant] This is supposed to be a sprinkler head. All the sprinkler head ends need to be on this side. I think this is where we're mistaken.


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[Assistant] We got this, we got this. Okay, okay. Here we go. This needs to go here. Drop it. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Perfect. This is it. We got it.


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[Assistant] And they deserve to be standing on this mat here with us. This is a moment in time that I wanna remember forever.


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[Assistant] Throughout this race, we met beautiful people. And there's many friendships that we formed during this race at a loss of lifetime.


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[Assistant] We got to experience this beautiful land that we call our home. It means the world to me that we could do this together.


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[Assistant] The subject of these lectures is English Literature. English Literature.


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[Assistant] It's a familiar term, so familiar indeed that we rarely feel impelled to unpack it, to look what's inside it.


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[Assistant] There was, of course, literature before there was an England.


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[Assistant] There was, if we want to be precise, not to say pedantic on the matter, literature, by which we mean oral epics, elegies and ballads, before there was literature in its modern sense of written or printed texts, books.


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[Assistant] English literature is not, emphatically not the same thing as literature in English. It's a very important distinction.


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[Assistant] Any school or college curriculum in North America or Australasia will demonstrate the falsity of that idea.


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[Assistant] Is American literature, English literature, written and published in the United States? No, it's not. You could start another Boston Tea Party with that proposition.


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[Assistant] Now in 2005, the BBC program today held a poll to establish who was the greatest Briton who'd ever walked our green and pleasant land.


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[Assistant] Now the Day program has an audience of two million. In fact, yeaah, I sometimes appear on the program and it's a wonderful feeling. You are addressing the nation.


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[Assistant] Now, the result of that poll, Great Britain's Great Briton, the shortlist included such giants, such obvious giants as Winston Churchill, Good Queen Bess, The Lady with the Lamp, Florence Nightingale, but the outright winner, you know, clearer, clearer outright winner was William Shakespeare.


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[Assistant] As it emerged in the post-result analysis, the Swan of Avon, he called Shakespeare, was voted for by today's millions of listeners. Not merely because of his literary genius, but because it was felt by these voters that he embodied what one might call the soul of Britain.


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[Assistant] Or as Shakespeare himself put it, in an immortal quotation that's much repeated, this precious stone set in the silver sea, this blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.


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[Assistant] Now, is it any wonder that the author of those inspiring words should be considered the greatest ever Englishman?


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[Assistant] And one might adapt that quip by defining literature as writing with a national state behind it.


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[Assistant] And more importantly, the literature is embedded in the nation as the heart is embedded in the body.


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[Assistant] Now, in the wide-ranging remarks which follow over the lectures which I'm going to give, as I follow the millennium-long track of English literature from Beowulf to Virginia Woolf and beyond, it is not merely words on the page that we shall be considering, and I stress enjoying. It is, in a very real sense,


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[Assistant] The United Kingdom, as we now call it, in its most revealing aspect, its inner self, its soul.


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[Assistant] Now I want to switch ground quite radically by going back 2,000 years to classical Greece.


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[Assistant] In the poetics, Aristotle makes the grandest of claims for literature. Aristotle is our first great literary critic, possibly our first great philosopher.


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[Assistant] Literature, the Athenian philosopher asserted, 2000 years, as I say before, Shakespeare put quill to paper.


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[Assistant] Literature, Aristotle said, is truer than history.


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[Assistant] Why is it truer than history? Because history, the chronicle of what actually happened, is shackled to the accidental and incidental. It has to record what really happened.


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[Assistant] Literature, and Aristotle was thinking particularly of Sophoclean tragedy, could penetrate to the heart of the human condition. It could generalize. It could extract the truth.


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[Assistant] Now, I want to look at the first milestones of the long, winding path of English literature. Principally, I'll be looking at the Anglo-Saxon epic, Beowulf.


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[Assistant] But before doing so, I must point to another paradox. Something which, which vexed another great philosopher, Karl Marx.


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[Assistant] How was it, Marx wondered, that a society as primitive as Periclean Athens could produce literature as sophisticated as Oedipus Rex? Which, as Aristotle thought, was the greatest work of literature ever produced, and we might well agree with that.


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[Assistant] Marx offered, by way of explanation, his law of uneven development.


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[Assistant] Primitive, pre-industrial communities can produce perfect works of art as perfect as anything we can do.


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[Assistant] Now, in my experience, everyone coming to Beowulf, that dragon standing at the mouth of English literature, has the same reaction. Wonder.


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[Assistant] Wonder that such complex, and in its own terms, a perfect work of literary art, could be produced by a tribal community with none of the things that we consider essential to our modern functioning society. It was primitive.


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[Assistant] Now, there was, as I've said, an English literature before there was an England.


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[Assistant] But most of that literature, alas, is forever lost. We'll never know what it was. Only fragments have survived.


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[Assistant] Now, some aspects of the sociology, the way in which it was put together of that early literature, we do know. We know, for example,


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[Assistant] That the greatest work of the early period was the creation of minstrels or scopes. These were very different from our poets, but you can see a genetic link.


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[Assistant] We know that early literature was sung, recited or spoken.


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[Assistant] It was not written and certainly not printed. Its circulation was oral, not scriptive.


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[Assistant] Now, oral literature is notoriously fragile.


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[Assistant] And it presumes a different author-audience relationship.


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[Assistant] It is a literature of the ear as much as the eye. And typically, it is a communal, not a private experience. That's to say, oral literature is experienced in a group. The audience is there en masse.


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[Assistant] Now, the first text on which the mighty structure of English literature rests, Beowulf, dates from around the 6th century, as we can best make out.


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[Assistant] This dark age, the night that fell after the Romans went home to their own dark age, was not propitious for literature. It was too chaotic, and literature requires stability.


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[Assistant] The church was not entirely sympathetic to pagan literature. How could it be? Although it was often less censorious than one might expect. It was, it was tolerant.


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[Assistant] But not entirely sort of welcoming to what was going on, as it were, among the people in their own tongue.


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[Assistant] The language of the parish was, you know, was quite important though. And, and thoughtful clerics were, were very, very sort of judicious about this. Now, they had to be, because in fact,


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[Assistant] At this period, England was in such a kind of, as it were, upheaval.


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[Assistant] The great invasions by the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes, the Danes, on which Anglo-Saxon rests, had happened in the fifth and sixth centuries.


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[Assistant] As much immigrants as invaders, unlike the later more predatory Vikings, these newcomers from across the North Sea brought with them in their little boats a tribal oral literature.


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[Assistant] And the missionaries, who also came across the sea, to the same parts of England actually, the, the, the northeast coast, brought a great book with them, the Bible.


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[Assistant] Now, inevitably, long-rooted pagan traditions collided with Christian orthodoxies. There was a kind of clash of civilization which would energize and cross-fertilize literature and spill blood for centuries.


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[Assistant] Until 1066, when the Normans, uh, came to England, they came by, in force, I have to say, there would be a linguistic maelstrom. Dialects, warring, fusing, amalgamating, until English, my language, your language, finally emerged.


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[Assistant] Now the church was the foundational institution in these early centuries. Monasteries and abbeys were the church's headquarters. They were communities, they were small cities almost. Farms, schools and vineyards were part of their domain. They were supported by taxes or tithes.


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[Assistant] Within their walls, monasteries were sites of higher learning. The commencement, hat and gown, monastic garb, witnesses of that heritage on every campus every summer in America. That's to say, it goes right the way back, hundreds and hundreds of years, to those ancient churches.


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[Assistant] The churches formulated laws, and in English courts the lawyers wear gowns and wigs, which again,


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[Assistant] Pays tribute or witnesses to that connection with the early churches of England.


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[Assistant] And above all, these churches were, until the bureaucratic Normans came in, in the 11th century, they were the nation's chroniclers. They kept the records.


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[Assistant] And their physical structures took decades to build. They're huge. They're fortifications and they were intended to last for century till doomsday, the end of the world, when in fact the final judgement would come in.


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[Assistant] Now, the Church's institutional language was Latin.


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[Assistant] The great linguistic bond which glued together the parts of what we now call Europe and glued together also the present with the past. It created, it went right the way back to the times when the Romans brought the first civilization to the shores of England.


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[Assistant] Nonetheless, the primal text in English literature, our first work of literature, Cadman's hymn, as it's called, is in the vernacular. It's in the language of the people, or the folk, not of the clerics. That's very important.


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[Assistant] Now we know the author, Tadman, and have the work thanks to another founder figure, the Venerable Bede, as he's called. Now Bede was a monk.


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[Assistant] At the Northumbrian monastery of St. Peter in the 8th century. Bede was also a great scholar and by report, although we don't have any of his poetry, he was himself a poet.


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[Assistant] Now, B tells us about Cadman in his Ecclesiastical History, which is the first great work of history in the English language, by the way.


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[Assistant] He was an Anglo-Saxon herdsman, Cadman was, working in the fields around the monastery at Whitby. Now, Cadman was illiterate, and as B tells us, entirely ignorant of the art of song.


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[Assistant] Now, one has to go back, as I said earlier, to the sociology of this. After supper, when the harp passed around the table and all present would be invited to do their turn, Cadman would slink away and find refuge among his cows, his uncritical cows. Because he couldn't sing.


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[Assistant] Then something wonderful happened. One night in a dream, this is what B tells us, Cadman was given the art of song. He went to sleep, a keeper of cattle, and he woke up a poet.


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[Assistant] Cadman went on to become a zealous monk and an inspirational religious poet in his own Anglo-Saxon tongue, the vernacular.


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[Assistant] Now sadly, only one of Cadman's work survives to us. Thanks again to Bede, who meaningfully calls it a Carmen, which is Latin for a song, not a hymn.


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[Assistant] Now, this is what Cabman's fellows heard as they sat at table in the middle of the 8th century, 1300 years ago, drinking their, their mead and relaxing and wanting to be entertained and at the same time uplifted by literature.


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[Assistant] I'll read the first two lines in Anglo-Saxon and then the translation. Now imagine in your ear the tuneful twanging of the harp and the clank of the drinking vessels and the silence as people begin to listen carefully to what Cabman is singing.


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[Assistant] I'll do it now in English, and I'll do the whole hymn. It's very short.


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[Assistant] Now let me praise the keeper of heaven's kingdom. He first created for the sons of men heaven as a roof, the holy creator, then middle earth, the keeper of mankind, the eternal lord, afterwards made the earth for men. He was indeed almighty. Uhm, it's, it's a very fine poem.


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[Assistant] But how, one wonders, could the Dark Ages produce something so impressively literary? I mean, it does strike us as a poem.


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[Assistant] And how could it be produced not from the mouth of some privileged noble or prince of the church, but by an ordinary laboring man who had no claim to education at all? Now, Anglo-Saxon literature


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[Assistant] The foundation block of English literature is principally poetic.


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[Assistant] Largely because its continuity depended on, as I said earlier, the scope of the singer.


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[Assistant] Anglo-Saxon poetry has features which may initially be strange and even repugnant to us, those two lines of Cabman which I read for instance. It doesn't use rhyme, nor does it obey the complicated metrics of Latin prosody.


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[Assistant] It is composed in half lines, units that make memorization easier. And these half lines are divided by a silent pause, or caesura, a cut, as it's called. It is alliterative, and that means the first letter or consonant of every word.


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[Assistant] And most importantly, the poetry is organized around stress, not syllables. Now let me explain what that means.


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[Assistant] Think if you would of the English nursery rhyme. This is the house that Jack built. And so it goes on. Every child knows it in England.


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[Assistant] Ask a French person to say it, and they will produce something like, This is the house that Jack built. Giving an equal stress to each syllable, that's how French works. An English speaker will, by contrast, stress two words and under stress the rest. This is the house that Jack built.


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[Assistant] Now even in a pentameter, that's a ten syllable line, such as the most famous in English literature, to be or not to be, that is the question.


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[Assistant] As spoken by a native English speaker, the line will divide naturally into two half lines, each containing two stresses. For example, to be or not to be, that is the question.


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[Assistant] Now, half lines and organization by two stresses per half line will be found in English poetry to the present day and in American poetry as well. It's a main aspect of the Englishness of it, the English language.


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[Assistant] Now, like all bodies of poetry, that of Anglo-Saxon England, the period roughly from the 8th to the 11th century, falls into distinct genres or styles. There are hymns and secular songs like Cadman, which I've just been talking about.


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[Assistant] There are elegies which are short poems of poignant loss. There are minor works like riddles, which are there only to entertain. And most impressively, there is a three thousand line epic, the earliest we have from the Germanic peoples, Beowulf.


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[Assistant] Now before coming on to Beowulf, a word or two about the elegies.


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[Assistant] They're less heroic than stoic. They celebrate suffering, nobly born.


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[Assistant] In two of the greatest of them, the wanderer and the seafarer, the singers are men who have, for reasons which we never know, lost their ring giver or their fane, their chief.


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[Assistant] And with that, they have lost their community. They're rootless. They belong nowhere. They have nothing to live for. But they decide to live on nonetheless.


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[Assistant] Now, let me recite the first few lines of The Seafarer in translation by the great modernist poet Ezra Pan. Very beautiful.


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[Assistant] May I, for my own self-songs, truth reckon, Journey's jargon, how I in harsh days, Hardship endured oft. Bitter-breast cares have I abided, Known on my keel, many a cares hold, And dire seas surge.


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[Assistant] You have to imagine the seafarer rather like Titanic, uh, Kate Winslet in Titanic at the front of his vessel.


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[Assistant] Bearing nobly the harshness of the weather. It's a very fine translation, Ezra Perlman's. And it's true to both alliteration and the too stressed half line, which in fact, as I say, jangles a bit on the ear, except he's being faithful to the original.


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[Assistant] If you would, bear in mind, until we count to bell, one striking aspect of addiction, namely compounds such as pounds, bitter breast care.


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[Assistant] Now the technical term for these is kennings, and they're a prime feature of Anglo-Saxon poetry. I'll say more about them later, but effectively they're, they're words which, a lot of words compressed into a small area.


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[Assistant] Now, as these lines testify, those invaders who came in small boats from what we now know as Friesland and northern Germany brought, along with their swords and chainmail, a somber view of life. A kind of tough pessimism.


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[Assistant] What that means is fate will be fulfilled. It's gonna happen. Kesa rasara. And weird, incidentally, is the etymological ancestor of weird. Which is still a powerful word in our modern tongue. It's used by teenagers because in fact it has this strange kind of power to it.


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[Assistant] Now, for those pioneers, life was a constant battle. Against the elements, against monsters, against their fellow men, against nature. It was a hard life.


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[Assistant] But in that battle, the greatness of humanity shines brightest, or so they thought.


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[Assistant] Now the finest late heroic Anglo-Saxon poem is The Battle of Malden.


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[Assistant] And it recounts an 11th century invasion by the Viking heathens, who were very different from the Anglo-Saxons.


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[Assistant] The English in this battle are defeated, but as they go down, an old warrior, Birthwald, stands defiantly over the body of his dead king, and he brandishes his ash spear, and he shouts, mind must be the firmer, heart the more fierce, courage the greater, as our strength diminishes.


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[Assistant] And he will, he says, fall where his king fell. Fighting to the end. And he does just that.


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[Assistant] Now the British, as they will later become, are famously good losers.


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[Assistant] Being on the losing side they think brings out the metal in them, it brings out the best in them.


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[Assistant] Anglo-Saxon verse is not, as we have it, entirely sombre.


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[Assistant] The Anglo-Saxons could laugh as the harp and mead cut past round, and if we doubt that, we should look at a whole library of verse riddles which have survived, very happily, in what must have been an Anglo-Saxon joke book. For example, let me just, uh, give you Riddle 82, and I'll translate it.


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[Assistant] A weird creature came to remember all together and this weird creature hauled itself up to the high company of these people who were there and they thought they were very clever.


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[Assistant] Now, this weird creature lurched with one eye, it had two feet, 1200 heads, a back and a belly, two hands, arms, shoulders, one neck, two sides, a thick heart. What was this? What was this strange creature?


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[Assistant] It's, it's done in verse, by the way. And, and what is the answer? The answer is a one-eyed garlic seller. And if you got it, another pot of mead for you. But, in fact, the, obviously the Anglo-Saxons liked fun as much as we, we did. In fact, there, there probably wasn't as much comedy and fun in their life as, as, as we're privileged to have. There is the point I'm making more than one mood.


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[Assistant] But the strongest moods are found in the epic narratives. And they also convey overwhelming sense of the, the virtue of comradeship. Comradeship which is based on the sword. Like the, the gun in the Wild West, the sword is the instrument of civilization and of terror. It is power.


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[Assistant] Now women make a marginal and dignified appearance in the ale hall, where warriors after the day's battle boast and drink commonly, until having drunk too much, they slide off the ale bench in Wassle. And if you go into an English pub today, a unique national institution, you'll feel a connection with the ale hall in Beowulf, in the pub


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[Assistant] You'll notice the men still drinking rounds, like their Anglo-Saxon ancestors. And, if truth be told, they also boast rather more than they should, as the Anglo-Saxons did when they relaxed in their ale halls.


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[Assistant] That we have Beowulf, the first and indeed the only surviving Anglo-Saxon or Germanic epic in something like the form in which it was first recited, as a result of an almost miraculous series of accidents.


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[Assistant] It was composed, for recitation probably, in the sixth century by those pagan newcomers from the northeast. And the epic was handed down through generations of minstrels until at the point that it would certainly have disappeared. A monk, we don't know who he was, transcribed it.


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[Assistant] Now he evidently took the text down faithfully, but he couldn't resist interpolating St Pius' Christian doctrine at various places. It's very easy to see where and it doesn't damage the poem at all.


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[Assistant] The narrative is divided into two parts, and the first is twice as long as the second part.


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[Assistant] He's a, a mighty warrior. He's not yet a king, but destined to be one. He comes to Denmark to help Hrothgar, king of the Shildings, whose great hall has been terrorized by a monster from the nearby marsh.


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[Assistant] Grendel has been terrorised for 12 years.


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[Assistant] Beowulf defeats Grendel in single combat. Then, when Grendel's mother comes to take revenge, he drives her back to her watery lair and dives in to kill her underwater.


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[Assistant] And there follows feasting, drinking and treasure giving before Beowulf sails back to his own people.


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[Assistant] Now in the second part of the epic, now many years later, Beowulf is himself king of the geese, a great man.


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[Assistant] And it is now his kingdom, his kingdom, which is terrorized by a great dragon.


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[Assistant] Beowulf slays the dragon, but is himself mortally wounded, and the poem ends with his ceremonial burial. Now, in my experience, readers who come to Beowulf for the first time have two very different reactions. The first is incomprehension. The language is so, so foreign, it jars.


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[Assistant] The second reaction is just the opposite. Why, even if we have not read it, does the poem seem so familiar? We seem to know it. We seem to know what's happening in it.


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[Assistant] Today, for his Lord of the Rings saga, but Tolkien was also the greatest bear wolf scholar of the 20th century. And his view on the poem was uncompromising. It was the fantasy, the monsters, the dragons, and the epic battles which made bear wolf great.


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[Assistant] And the best preparation, I would argue, for a reading of Beowulf is to go to the cinema and watch one of the Peter Jackson adaptations of Tolkien's narratives. Look around at the enraptured audience. That, I suspect, is how the first listeners of Beowulf looked. 1500 years ago.


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[Assistant] I want to finish by looking at two small sections of the poem to give it a flavour of the whole. The first is the opening three lines. Now, remember what I said earlier about half lines, alliteration and the four stresses per line.


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[Assistant] And this is how Seamus Heaney translates it in his magnificent 2002 modernization of the poem.


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[Assistant] So, the Spear Danes, in days gone by, and the kings who ruled them, had courage and greatness. We have heard of those princes' heroic campaigns. You note the first word in the Anglo-Saxon, HWAT.


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[Assistant] It's our word, what, and it's designed to attract attention and impose silence. Listen up might be our equivalent. And then, Gardena, Speardanes, as Heaney translates it.


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[Assistant] Exactly what tribes will be involved. It's very important information for the original audience. They are, remember, listeners.


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[Assistant] This will be a historical chronicle recounting great deeds in the past among a society known, if only by reputation. And the audience is, as with most heroic literature, upper-class, aristocratic. Hence the reference to Æthelingats, princes, and their heroic campaigns in the third line.


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[Assistant] But most impressive to me is the poetry, not the historical allusions. In the first line, one word, ger dagum, contains the essence of Anglo-Saxon verse. Literally, it means your days, or days of yore, long ago.


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[Assistant] Anglo-Saxon can compress it into one compound noun, or kenning. Heaney, who translates it in days gone by, is obliged by modern language to use a preposition, a noun, a past participle, and a preposition.


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[Assistant] The rugged economy of Anglo-Saxon represents its highest linguistic achievement. That and the ability to create new words, neologisms as they're called. It's a quality we'll encounter time and again in English literature.


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[Assistant] The creative writer, we may say, remakes language. And in so doing, he or she serves a vital function for society as a whole. It is thanks to poets, to writers, that language lives in its best, in its precious, most precious form to us.


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[Assistant] Now, the point I've been trying to make in this lecture is that clearly the Beowulf poet, whoever he was, was talking to his own people.


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[Assistant] He was talking to people, in fact, who were part of his community. There was common ground between them. Now, what is wonderful about literature


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[Assistant] It seems to me, and it's one of the reasons why we dedicate our lives either to reading it and sometimes some of us talking about it, is that it gives us to some extent a connection across many hundreds of years.


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[Assistant] That is to say, Beowulf is not merely talking to those, those, those, those kind of, as it were, sort of contemporaries, and we can only imagine what it was like to be sitting in a, a rush lit...


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[Assistant] Hall, drinking ale, listening to some scope, jangling away in his half lines and with all the kind of rugged Anglo-Saxon.


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[Assistant] We can only imagine what it's like, but Beowulf is also talking to us, and that is wonderful.


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[Assistant] Literature, not to make, not to make too much of it, is a time machine. It can take us back, it can connect us with people who are no longer here. It is, in the best sense, a conversation with the dead, and a great conversation with our predecessors. And that, in fact, is the reason why we read it. It's the reason why we study it, and it's the reason why


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[Assistant] Even though the makers are long dead, and in the case of Beowulf you don't even know who the makers were, it lives for us.


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[Assistant] And that living quality of literature, the fact that it's not sort of, as it were, a museum, it's not a, it's not a graveyard, uhm, it is in fact something which still vibrates, it's still animated. That is what makes it worth, as it were, sort of


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[Assistant] Spending time on, and effort, and it's hard work reading the Anglo-Saxons, not easy, even if one reads it in


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[Assistant] And that I think is, is, is what makes a historical approach to literature worthwhile, which is what this course is. It's the history of literature as we know it. English literature.


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[Assistant] And with this lofty sentiment in mind, I want to move on, in the next lecture, in the next lecture, to one of the greatest makers and remakers of language in English literature, Geoffrey Chaucer.


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[Assistant] Well, I'd probably be on the reserve within the next eight or nine.


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[Assistant] What's that? It's a time machine, isn't it?


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[Assistant] That seems like a time machine. It's a time machine. Take me with you.


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[Assistant] Let's see if I can find a heartbeat. That's tough to do sometimes. Well, that might be it. There. That looks like the heart right there. You can see it beating.


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[Assistant] Symmetry is everywhere in nature, and we usually associate it with beauty, a perfectly shaped leaf or a butterfly with intricate patterns mirrored on each wing.


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[Assistant] But it turns out that asymmetry is pretty important, too, and more common than you might think, from crabs with one giant pincer claw to snail species whose shells always coil in the same direction.


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[Assistant] Some species of beans only climb up their trellises clockwise. Others only counterclockwise. And even though the human body looks pretty symmetrical on the outside, it's a different story on the inside. Most of your vital organs are arranged asymmetrically.


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[Assistant] Even your lungs are different. The left one has two lobes, and the right one has three.


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[Assistant] The two sides of your brain look similar, but function differently.


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[Assistant] Making sure this asymmetry is distributed the right way is critical. If all your internal organs are flipped, a condition called setus inversus, it's often harmless. But incomplete reversals can be fatal, especially if the heart is involved.


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[Assistant] But where does this asymmetry come from, since a brand new embryo looks identical on the right and left? One theory focuses on a small pit on the embryo called a node. The node is lined with tiny hairs called cilia, which tilt away from the head and whirl around rapidly, all in the same direction.


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[Assistant] This synchronized rotation pushes fluid from the right side of the embryo to the left.


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[Assistant] On the node's left-hand rim, other cilia sense this fluid flow and activate specific genes on the embryo's left side.


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[Assistant] These genes direct the cells to make certain proteins, and in just a few hours, the right and left sides of the embryo are chemically different. Even though they still look the same, these chemical differences are eventually translated into asymmetric organs.


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[Assistant] Asymmetry shows up in the heart first. It begins as a straight tube along the center of the embryo. But when the embryo is around three weeks old, the tube starts to bend into a C shape and rotate towards the right side of the body.


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[Assistant] It grows different structures on each side, eventually turning into the familiar asymmetric heart.


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[Assistant] But some organisms, like pigs, don't have those embryonic cilia and still have asymmetric internal organs. Could all cells be intrinsically asymmetric? Probably.


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[Assistant] Bacterial colonies grow lacy branches that all curl in the same direction, and human cells cultured inside a ring-shaped boundary tend to line up like the ridges on a crawler.


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[Assistant] If we zoom in even more, we see that many of cells' basic building blocks, like nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars, are inherently asymmetric. Proteins have complex asymmetric shapes, and those proteins control which way cells migrate and which way embryonic cilia twirl.


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[Assistant] These biomolecules have a property called chirality, which means that a molecule and its mirror image aren't identical, like your right and left hands. They look the same, but trying to put your right hand in your left glove proves they're not.


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[Assistant] This asymmetry at the molecular level is reflected in asymmetric cells, asymmetric embryos, and finally, asymmetric organisms. So while symmetry may be beautiful, asymmetry holds an allure of its own, found in its graceful worlds, its organized complexity, and its striking imperfections.


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[Assistant] I know you're here. You're invisible and you just tricked me.


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[Assistant] Take care, Chris. You made all the right moves here. Thanks, Chris.


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[Assistant] You can tell this is black rhino dung, because it's the top of the branch. It's cut off at 45 degrees, uh, so when they're browsing, they bite off the branch.


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[Assistant] And they need this 45 degree cut. And as they're chewing, they'll cut the other side as well. Alright. Okay, let's go.


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[Assistant] Sharks have been celebrated as powerful gods by some native cultures. For example, Fijians believe the shark god, Dakuwanga, could protect fishermen from the dangers at sea.


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[Assistant] And today, sharks are recognized as apex predators of the world's ocean and include some of the Earth's longest-living vertebrates. What is it that makes these fish worthy of our ancient legends and so successful in the seas?


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[Assistant] Much of their hunting prowess stems from a unique set of biological traits honed for more than 400 million years.


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[Assistant] Their cartilaginous skeletons are less dense than bony ones and require less energy to move.


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[Assistant] Large oily livers lend buoyancy to their streamlined bodies. And while trunk muscles of bony fishes attach directly to their skeletons, those of sharks also join to their skin.


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[Assistant] This special design transforms them into pressurized tubes whose springy skin can efficiently transmit muscular forces to the tail. Shark skin has additional remarkable features.


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[Assistant] Despite its smooth external appearance, at the micro level, it has a coarse texture thanks to thousands of tiny teeth-like scales called dermal denticles. Each denticle is coated in a substance called enameloid, which turns the skin into a tough shield.


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[Assistant] Plus, the structure of denticles varies across the body in such a way as to reduce noise and drag when the shark moves through water.


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[Assistant] As for the teeth in their mouths, sharks can produce up to 50,000 in a lifetime.


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[Assistant] On average, they can lose one tooth a week, and each time that happens, it's rapidly replaced.


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[Assistant] Thanks to a layer of fluoride coating their teeth, sharks also avoid cavities. But teeth aren't the same in all sharks. They can vary across species and by diet. Some are dense and flattened, useful for crushing mollusks. Others are needle-like, for gripping fish.


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[Assistant] The mounds of great whites contain pointy lower teeth for holding prey and triangular serrated upper teeth for slicing.


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[Assistant] Many species also have another peculiar trait, the ability to launch their jaws out of their mouths, open them extra wide, and grab prey by surprise.


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[Assistant] Over the course of evolution, shark brains have expanded, coupled with the growth of their sensory organs.


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[Assistant] Modern day sharks can smell a few drops of blood and hear sounds underwater from 800 meters away.


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[Assistant] They're particularly well-tuned to low frequencies, including those emitted by dying fish. And like cats, they have reflective membranes called tapeta lucida at the backs of their eyes that dramatically improve their vision in low light. As if these heightened abilities weren't enough, sharks have even honed a six-sense.


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[Assistant] They're able to hunt using a network of electrosensory cells called ampullae of Lorenzini. These cells are filled with hypersensitive jelly.


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[Assistant] Which allows them to detect electrical signals from prey, including the slightest twitch of a muscle.


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[Assistant] Some of the most iconic shark species, like great whites, makos, poor beagles, and salmon sharks, owe their success to another surprising trait.


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[Assistant] Warm blood inside a cold-blooded creature. Inside their bodies, they have bundles of arteries and veins called reti mirabili.


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[Assistant] Here, venous blood warmed up by the shark's working muscles passes right next to arteries carrying cold oxygen-rich blood from the gills.


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[Assistant] Warmer muscles enable faster, more powerful swimming, while warmer bellies aid digestion and the more rapid development of young in utero.


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[Assistant] And warmer eyes and brains keep the sharks alert in cold waters.


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[Assistant] With these amazing adaptations, there's more to revere than fear from the 500 shark species roaming our ocean.


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[Assistant] Unfortunately, one-third of these species are threatened due to overfishing.


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[Assistant] He's the monkey spirit who rescued Sha Wujing and me earlier. The king and queen bowed. We can never thank you enough said the queen.


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[Assistant] You and your friends have made us very happy. It was nothing at all said Wukong with a laugh.


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[Assistant] We've sacrificed precious time together and put plans to start a family on hold. But...


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[Assistant] If you know an older left-handed person, chances are they had to learn to write or eat with their right hand.


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[Assistant] And in many parts of the world, it's still common practice to force children to use their proper hand.


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[Assistant] Even the word for right also means correct or good, not just in English, but many other languages, too.


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[Assistant] Today, about one tenth of the world's population are left-handed.


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[Assistant] Archaeological evidence shows that it's been that way for as long as 500,000 years, with about 10% of human remains showing the associated differences in arm length and bone density, and some ancient tools and artifacts showing evidence of left-hand use.


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[Assistant] And despite what many may think, handedness is not a choice. It can be predicted even before birth, based on the fetus's position in the womb.


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[Assistant] So if handedness is inborn does that mean it's genetic? Well, yes and no.


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[Assistant] Identical twins who have the same genes can have different dominant hands. In fact, this happens as often as it does with any other sibling pair.


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[Assistant] But the chances of being right or left-handed are determined by the handedness of your parents in surprisingly consistent ratios.


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[Assistant] Handedness seems to be determined by a roll of the dice, but the odds are set by your genes.


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[Assistant] All of this implies there's a reason that evolution has produced this small proportion of lefties and maintained it over the course of millennia.


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[Assistant] And while there have been several theories attempting to explain why handedness exists in the first place, or why most people are right-handed, a recent mathematical model suggests that the actual ratio reflects a balance between competitive and cooperative pressures on human evolution.


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[Assistant] The benefits of being left handed are clearest in activities involving an opponent, like combat or competitive sports. For example, about 50% of top hitters in baseball have been left handed. Why? Think of it as a surprise advantage.


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[Assistant] Because lefties are a minority to begin with, both right-handed and left-handed competitors will spend most of their time encountering and practicing against righties. So when the two face each other, the left-hander will be better prepared against this right-handed opponent, while the righty will be thrown off.


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[Assistant] But according to the principles of evolution, groups that have a relative advantage tend to grow until that advantage disappears.


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[Assistant] If people were only fighting and competing throughout human evolution, natural selection would lead to more lefties being the ones that made it, until there were so many of them that it was no longer a rare asset.


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[Assistant] Because lefties are worse at using these tools and suffer from higher accident rates, they would be less successful in a purely cooperative world, eventually disappearing from the population.


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[Assistant] So by correctly predicting the distribution of left-handed people in the general population, as well as matching data from various sports, the model indicates that the persistence of lefties as a small but stable minority reflects an equilibrium that comes from competitive and cooperative effects playing out simultaneously over time.


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[Assistant] And the most intriguing thing is what the numbers can tell us about various populations. From the skewed distribution of pawdness in cooperative animals to the slightly larger percentage of lefties in competitive hunter-gatherer societies.


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[Assistant] We may even find that the answers to some puzzles of early human evolution are already in our hands.


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[Assistant] The chef that we have chosen to create this pressure test dish is the man that we call, we want to see what you've really got.


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[Assistant] Have you got what it takes to go all the way?


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[Assistant] That dish, the dish that will decide your fate has been created by one of the best chefs in the world.


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[Assistant] And the dish that he has bought is a modern, elegant, technically intricate reinvention of an Australian classic.


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[Assistant] In the last 19 years the chef has been one of the driving forces behind two of the world's most celebrated restaurants. Fat Duck.


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[Assistant] And dinner by Heston in London and from Melbourne.


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[Assistant] There's nothing you can't do there. You've just got to do each thing perfectly and exactly and that's why this is such a great pressure test. And it's delicious! Off you go Ash, show them the dish.


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[Assistant] Your recipe and everything you need is at your bench.


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[Assistant] You know the drill, the least impressive version will send its maker home.


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[Assistant] It's got every one of those textbook flavors of Lamington. The chocolate, the jam. And the flavor of that sort.


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[Assistant] That white chocolate, mousse, the flavour of the coconut, the chewy of the dacquoise, a wonderful...


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[Assistant] But a Lamington is that combination of raspberry, chocolate, coconut. I'm getting a coconut chocolate dessert that raspberry is lacking. Yeah.


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[Assistant] Has it sunk in yet? You sit there, I'm sure you see yourself as Tim, the boy from Ballarat.


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[Assistant] Beef, pork belly, bone marrow, there you are, there you're stuck in train, there you are, there you're happy places, and you have just completed a dessert from dinner by Heston.


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[Assistant] For one of the world's great chefs in Ashley Palmer Watts, you placed it down and gee, it looks good.


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[Assistant] Subtle differences. You get those kind of ways of coconut, chocolate, raspberry. I get probably less of a chocolate hit from Tim's, which I don't think is inappropriate.


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[Assistant] Well I know that I'm really proud of our three contestants. I know that I've seen them work in a way that they've seldom worked with a really hard, really long challenge set by Ashley Palmer-Watts, but I think I know who's not going to make the top five.


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[Assistant] And we, and we've loved it. We've loved it. You bought us dishes from your old homeland and wonderful food from you knew. Oh wow.


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[Assistant] You know Anoushka, you came into this competition on a hug. I think now it's time to leave on hugs as well.


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[Assistant] My dough is in the oven for 30 minutes. I'm gonna move on to my raspberry insert.


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[Assistant] Well, obviously I'm missing an element. So...


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[Assistant] As always, two minutes short. I have one hour, I'm two minutes short. I have four hours, I'm two minutes short.


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[Assistant] You're lying. I will have you arrested for making up such a story.


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[Assistant] You're lying. I will have you arrested for making up such a story.


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[Assistant] Now we'll look at shell sort, which is a bit elementary on the face of it, but it's not at all elementary as you'll see.


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[Assistant] The idea of shell sort is that insertion sort is inefficient because elements really move only one position at a time, even when we kind of know that they have a long way to go.


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[Assistant] So the idea behind shell sort is that we'll move entries several positions at a time. And the way we're gonna do it is called H sorting the array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in this case, with h equals four, uh, if we start at L and look at every fourth element, m, p, t, then it's sorted. If we start in the second place at E and look at every fourth element, it's sorted. So this is four interleaved sequences. That's a four sorted array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And what we're going to do is implement a sorting method that hsorts for decreasing sequences of values of h. This is one of the oldest sorting methods invented by Shell in 1959.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in this case it starts out with the input example shown, and then a 13 sort, a few items are moved, a 4 sort, a few more are moved, and then finally a 1 sort.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the idea is that each of these sorts can be implemented with only a few exchanges, given that the previous ones happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the first thing is how do we get an array H sorted? That's actually pretty easy. We just use insertion sort, but instead of going one back every time we come with a new item, we go H back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, uh, it's, we look, uh, at the array before that, and there was M and E in the positions three back. So we exchanged the A with the larger one to its left, that's M, and then the other larger one to its left, that's E, and then put it into position.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So the code is the same as insertion, as for insertion sort, except that when we go backwards through the array, we skip by h instead of just by one. That's how we h sort an array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the idea is we're going to use insertion sort, uh, for two reasons based on our understanding of how insertion sort works.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, the first thing is, if the increments are big, uh, then the size of the sub-arrays that we're sorting are pretty small, so any sorting method, including insertion sort, is going to work well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, but the other thing is, if the increments are small, because we've done previous, uh, h-sorts for bigger values of h, uh, the array is partially sorted. And so, uh, insertion sort's gonna be fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It wouldn't work to use shell sort as the basis for each sorting because that always takes quadratic time no matter what order there is in the array.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we start with the sort example and then seven sorting it just involves doing insertion sort but just reaching back seven each time. In this case the four sub files stretched out at seven each only have two elements in them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, and then we threesort. Uh, now because it's seven sorted, in the threesort, uh, elements are either already in place or only go back, uh, a few strides. In this case, it's only the a that goes back two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then we one sort. And again, because of the fact that it's been seven sorted and three sorted, the arrays are almost in order when it comes time to do the one sort, and most of the items only go back one or two positions.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uh, so we have to do a few extra passes to do the higher, uh, sorts, but, uh, the, each element moves only a little bit on each pass, and that's how shell sort gains its efficiency.