[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Be careful, go slow in the school zone, and watch for the pedestrian crossing. Slow down, and stop.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Good. Now you can go again. Look at the bikers. Be careful as this is a shared lane. Let's see if he is turning right at the intersection. Oh, yes, he is. Great. You can speed up now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which way now? Cross the roundabout and take the first exit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which lane should I be in? Change into the right lane when it's safe. And then turn right at the lights.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turn right at the supermarket. Right at the supermarket. Go straight down one block, then turn left. Okay, I think that's enough for today. You see where the man took the dog in the distance? There are a few parking spaces around there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Secure the car. Put the handbrake on and the gearbox in neutral. Switch off the signal. Very good parking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ma'am, you parked in front of a hydrant. Your ticket is almost completed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One minute, two minutes, you can't park here. It's as simple as that. You even block the handicap ramp.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't care what you were doing. I can't cancel a ticket. It's more than my job's worth. You've got two weeks to pay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh uncle, we are not that small. We know there is no magic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Uncle got it for me. You don't take care of your dolls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The clouds and the stars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You never have to thank us. You never have to thank us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a skeptical age. But although our faith in many of the things in which our forefathers fervently believed has weakened, our confidence in the curative properties of the bottle of medicine remains the same as theirs


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This modern faith in medicines is proved by the fact that the annual drug bill of the health services is mounting to astronomical figures and shows no signs at present of ceasing to rise


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The majority of the patients attending the medical outpatients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A box of pills or a small jar of ointment, and the doctor in charge of the department is only too ready to provide them with these requirements


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is no quicker method of disposing of patients than by giving them what they are asking for. And since most medical men in the health services are overworked and have little time for offering time consuming and little appreciated advice on such subjects as diet


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right living, and the need for abandoning bad habits etc., the bottle, the box, and the jar are almost always granted them


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine, formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlisles


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Carlisle was entirely ignorant of what the bottle in his pocket contained, of the nature of the illness from which his friend was suffering, and of what had previously been wrong with his wife.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] History does not relate whether his friend accepted his medical help, but in all probability he did


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great advantage of taking medicine is that it makes no demands on the taker beyond that of putting up for a moment with a disgusting taste. And that is what all patients demand of their doctors, to be cured at no inconvenience to themselves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Turning into Mewni today would be just ridiculous. Especially considering it's my Jell-O week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ugh, custard. The idea is sweet. It's everything that I was not thinking about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My confidence levels are a little up and down at the moment. Cause custard for a lot of people is sweet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had this dish for the first time in Japan. This Japanese set custard is like the softest of silk and tofu when you cut through it. And when I remember having this for the first time, it was that wow factor. I look around and no one else seems to be doing a savory.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have only one shot at this. The bowl is too big to put another bowl inside the steamer. I'm just gonna take the risk.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the moment, I'm just finalizing everything I want. The chard, uh, leaks, they're pretty much done, just letting them sit. All my meso plus is done. So I'm now frying up some garlic, some shallots, just to give it a little bit of texture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This custard, if it works, should be really soft, fresh, silken tofu that you can pretty much move side to side and it's wobbling with you but not cracking. So one thing I'm resting all of my dish on. And it's absolutely perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is your custard dish? The dish is Japanese set custard, uhm, with charred leeks, crispy sort of garlic and shallots and mushrooms, pickled shiitakes, and some fresh things like coriander and pickled daikon.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this point I know I'm on a high and I know they love my food. I couldn't be happier.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My chance to win my first immunity pin. Thank you. I get to cook up against a proper chef.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm cooking up against a professional chef, and the idea is to play to your strengths. So therefore, I chose something that's gonna work for me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I put the duck leg inside the oil and I put it in the oven.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm not 100% confident that this duck will be confit perfectly in time. I know that I can get it cooked and it can still be delicious. Whether it's falling off the bone is another matter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I take the rest of the bones and I put them in a hot pan to start browning off for the basis of my juice.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smells good mate. I've moved onto my peas, and my plan is to make a pea custard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, I do. It's just, uh, doing that thing which is called giving something a go and it's no time better than now to try it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I put some eggs in there. This will act as the binding or setting agent for my custard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Uhm, I'm just gonna do a plan B.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've strained the shoe out and I'm really happy with it. Yeah, good. Delish. Confi Dark is still in the oven. And now it's time to start on my dark breast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I take the duck breast out of the oven, I'm really happy with the skin, it's nice and crispy and it's just a matter of whether the meat on the inside is nice and pink as well. I sliced into the duck.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there's not much time to go, I just need to make sure it's on the plate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm trimming off the leg, but I'm rushing because the time's running out. I just need to get it on the plate.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The presentation of the leg isn't perfect, but I'm confident in the flavours. I'm still gonna serve the confit leg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's time to use my tweezers. I can't be given a present by George and not get to use them on my special day cook.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is the name for a baby chicken?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think what happened yesterday for me is we ripped the bandaid off. But, we're gonna step up again. We're gonna turn up the volume. I think we need to, don't you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the secret ingredient here is your voice. You need to talk. You need to open up every step of the way. You're 60 minutes. Start.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So four teams, one team is gonna win, and we'll be competing for immunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think that was one of the best 60 minutes this kitchen has ever witnessed. The energy, the drive, the passion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But more importantly, the voices. I asked you to communicate, and this kitchen was electrifying.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Right, we'd like to take a much deeper look at each and every menu. Let's start off with the Asian-inspired menu. Tessa, Khan and Po.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I love the balance. It's got that flair.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Smile, for God's sake, all of you. Seriously, you should be proud, come on. It looks beautiful, let me tell you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just love the contrast of the plating. I think you started off with such an elegant way and drawn us into that sophisticated asparagus.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't force yourselves into sticking with something that you're not all comfortable with. Speak up. You won't become back to win champion going with the flow. Got it?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That fish is very unforgiving. But the minute I sliced into mine, it was glistening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And then I spread that tahini over it and it was just, wow, I'm back in Dubai. Delicious. Thank you. Thank you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, for me calamari is just picture perfect. And that's fetchcock. That is the best dish I've tasted so far tonight. It's just breathtaking. I mean really breathtaking.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the profile of the indigenous aspect, uh, I wish more chefs on the planet would follow your lead.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For all of you, because you've all stepped out, communicated well, and I think on those dishes, everybody's opened up. But, based on the flair,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought it would be a great idea for us to finish on our dishes and start with another person's dish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I thought it would be a great idea for us to finish on our dishes. But now...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Essentially, all the elements are done. This is why we went with this strategy. And now I have to just bring it home.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The devil is in the detail. So it's those last moments where you fix the balance and the presentation. Everything knits together again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah. For our entree, we've got some charred asparagus with a burnt honey vinaigrette. For main, scotch fillet steak, honeyed carrots. For dessert, we've got a honey lemon thyme ice cream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sarah, ice cream, how is it? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yeah, it's good. To get that chance at immunity tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our team needs to win this challenge. Okay guys, spend time on your plating, yeah? Everything's gotta look beautiful. Everything's gotta look like it's actually a menu from one restaurant.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So for entrees, we have charred asparagus with a honey and lemon vinaigrette.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have a seared steak with honey roasted carrots and parsnip puree for the main.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And for dessert we have a lemon honey thyme ice cream, shortbread crumb and roasted fresh grapes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Arana is one of the best restaurants in Australia. It's got three hats in one restaurant of the year last year. This is really cool.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All of the, uhm, mustard that sits inside that head. It's really, really sweet. Kind of a little bit smoky as well. Yep. So yum.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My crumpet mixture is looking great, so I add in the rye berry, give it a nice fold and put it into the oven to proof. It needs to triple in size.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm down a crumpet, but I was not gonna serve a burnt crumpet, so they're gonna have to share. Don't know if that's gonna be okay.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Does y'all have fun? It looked as if you were having fun. Yeah, I did have fun until the very last minute when one of the crumpets was very burned. So I decided not to put it on the plate, so you've only got two.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No. Reece, is your button switched on? Oh, it's not on, sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I put the egg into the warm mixture. So what you've done is cooked the egg. Start again. Yep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What if I told you there were trillions of tiny bacteria all around you? It's true.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Microorganisms called bacteria were some of the first life forms to appear on Earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Though they consist of only a single cell, their total biomass is greater than that of all plants and animals combined. And they live virtually everywhere.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although you have ten times more bacterial cells inside you than your body has human cells,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many of these bacteria are harmless or even beneficial, helping digestion and immunity.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there are a few bad apples that can cause harmful infections, from minor inconveniences to deadly epidemics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Fortunately, there are amazing medicines designed to fight bacterial infections.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Synthesized from chemicals or occurring naturally in things like mold, these antibiotics kill or neutralize bacteria by interrupting cell wall synthesis or interfering with vital processes like protein synthesis, all while leaving human cells unharmed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The deployment of antibiotics over the course of the 20th century has rendered many previously dangerous diseases easily treatable.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But today, more and more of our antibiotics are becoming less effective. Did something go wrong to make them stop working?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The problem is not with the antibiotics, but the bacteria they were made to fight. And the reason lies in Darwin's theory of natural selection.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just like any other organisms individual bacteria can undergo random mutations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many of these mutations are harmful or useless, but every now and then, one comes along that gives its organism an edge in survival.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As the non-resistant bacteria are killed off, which happens especially quickly in antibiotic-rich environments like hospitals, there is more room and resources for the resistant ones to thrive, passing along only the mutated genes that help them do so. Reproduction isn't the only way to do this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some can release their DNA upon death to be picked up by other bacteria, while others use a method called conjugation, connecting through pili to share their genes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over time, the resistant genes proliferate, creating entire strains of resistant superbacteria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So how much time do we have before these superbugs take over? Well, in some bacteria it's already happened.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For instance, some strands of Staphylococcus aureus, which causes everything from skin infections to pneumonia and sepsis, have developed into MRSA, becoming resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillin, methicillin, and oxicillin.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to a gene that replaces the protein beta lactams normally target and bind to, MRSA can keep making its cell walls unimpeded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other superbacteria like salmonella even sometimes produce enzymes like beta-lactamines that break down antibiotic attackers before they can do any damage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And E. coli, a diverse group of bacteria that contain strains that cause diarrhea and kidney failure, can prevent the function of antibiotics like quinolones by actively booting any invaders that manage to enter the cell.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But there is good news. Scientists are working to stay one step ahead of the bacteria. And although development of new antibiotics has slowed in recent years, the World Health Organization has made it a priority to develop novel treatments.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Other scientists are investigating alternate solutions such as phage therapy or using vaccines to prevent infections.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Most importantly, curbing the excessive and unnecessary use of antibiotics such as for minor infections that can resolve on their own.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As well as changing medical practice to prevent hospital infections can have a major impact by keeping more non-resistant bacteria alive as competition for resistant strains.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the war against superbacteria, de-escalation may sometimes work better than an evolutionary arms race.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The reason goes all the way back to ancient Babylonians. On studying the moon cycle, Babylonians observed that, approximately every 7 days, the moon changed its phase, coining the idea of a 7 day week.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ultimately, in 321 A.D., a Roman Emperor named Constantine made it official. Romans named the days after their gods, like Saturday came from Saturn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Friday from Freya, etc. Ultimately, the 7 day week was standardized and adopted worldwide. Can you hear colors or see sounds?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, but I can eat cakes and watch a movie at the same time! Alright, now listen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of them may even associate letters, numbers or words with colors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't actually know why this happens, but researchers think that when we are born, we have more connections between the sensory areas of the brain. However, as we mature, most of the connections are blocked or pruned so that we experience the senses separately.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Radiation is basically energy traveling as waves or particles. They can be classified as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Non-ionizing radiation includes visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, radio waves, etc.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] x-ray radiation given off by radioactive elements


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons, etc.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation in a short period of time can damage the DNA in our cells, causing cell dysfunction or even cell death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also, sometimes, when the damaged DNA tries to repair itself. There can be a change or mutation in the genes. Leading to uncontrolled cell division and thus, causing cancer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why do some people sweat more than others? Cause they like the smell of their sweat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, gross. No. Sweating or perspiration is a very essential process. Sweat absorbs heat from our body and evaporates, thus helping us regulate our body temperature.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides this, caffeine in coffee and nicotine in cigarettes also make us sweat more. In addition to this, men tend to sweat more than women.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome to MasterChef, our quest for the best amateur cook in Britain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The cooking style when I was in MasterChef, it was very focused on desserts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'd expand my knowledge more and spend all these years honing my skills.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's driving me to come back is to prove how much I've grown. I'm running multiple businesses with my family, being nominated as the finalist pastry chef in Australia, but MasterChef trophy is yet to be mine.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me to be back on MasterChef, it feels pretty incredible because MasterChef has been the foundation of my career. And I feel like we've got to make an impression. Together with Munich Fan will be great. I mean, that's a jail card, like jail-free card.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dish I'm coming up with in my mind, I love working with challenging colors. For example, just plain white.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dish I'm making is called White Noise. Everything is revolved around white. I've got to produce a dish that can win me the competition. And for a finale dish, it has to be dessert.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So you got a coconut, frozen ganache, a white chocolate crumble, eeeeh, got strawberry pebbles, so inside is a strawberry liquid, kind of like a hidden, uh, surprise, covered in a white chocolate. So everything seems all white until you break it open.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I want this Frozen Crocodile Gnash to be a shape of a cylinder with a small freezer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Like, time in the MasterChef kitchen, when you're under pressure, it goes so fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Today I'm cooking a dish called White Noise. And now it's for the fun part. I have to use liquid nitrogen to make the strawberry pebbles. I want everything on the plate to look white. But inside the pebbles, it will be red. I just wanna watch.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I just feel a bit nervous because I've got a lot of pressure on my shoulders.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For me to come back into the competition, I've got a reputation to maintain. I have multiple businesses running with my brothers. There's only one Unity pin. I'll for grabs for this whole entire season. And I really want it. I just need this dessert to be perfect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've just finished my first book in March. I've featured in about five years. I didn't realize how stressful it'll be. Hopefully I've done enough. It's just all about the flavors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Reynolds, tell us your dish. Uh, it's a dish that's revolved around a colour white, jasmine gelato, coconut, frozen ganache, white chocolate crumble, strawberry gum jelly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yoghurt gel and little white pebbles with strawberry consomme gel.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, no, brother. Father gave this ring to me. It is all I have left of him. I shall never part with it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From now on, we shall be the best of friends and I shall look after you and take care of you with my life. You need some water? Wait for me while I fetch some for you from the fountain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please, whoever you are, come hither. You have nothing to fear. My lady.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Forgive me, I did not intend to spy. I didn't know you would be here. That's alright, my child. Oh, you're so graceful and beautiful. Have you sucked yet? No, your highness. Then please dine with me. Come sit next to me. You're very kind, my lady.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you so much, my lady! I do not own much, but there is a pot of pinks that I love more than anything else in the world. The pinks are the sweetest smelling flowers I have ever known.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do let me gift them to you as a mark of my gratitude to you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't you worry, my dear. All your troubles will soon end. Here is your picture. You forgot to take it with you. Oh! Just a parting gift from me. And we shall meet again, my dear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, my beloved Pinks, you are okay! How worried I was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's in a safe place. It is all because of me, my dear, that the evil wizard attacked you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I knew the evil wizard would keep looking for him and for you till he found you and hence I let you grow up here as an ordinary peasant girl so that he would not find you. Why would he want to hurt me, my lady?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because you were to be my son's true love, and the power of that love would protect him. So where's your son now?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your love has protected him, my dear. My love? But I have never seen him before. Oh, yes you have. You've loved him more than you've loved anything in the world. The Pot of Pinks! The Pot of Pinks!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I had turned my son into a pot of pinks so that he would be close to you till he turned 21. Today is the dawn of his 21st year. The 21st dawn? And the evil wizard? What became of him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The rats were his army, and so were these cabbages.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now that my son has become 21 and has inherited all my powers, the evil wizard can do nothing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now all your troubles have ended, my dear, and you shall return to your rightful place as a princess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I shall take you to your mother, and we shall celebrate your wedding in true pomp and splendour. But before that, tell me how would you like me to punish your unkind brother? Don't, my lady. I choose to forgive him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He took from you the one thing you loved and you forgave him?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Very well, my dear. They will never know, once again, and Stefan will live as a kind, compassionate gentleman, a true, ideal son to his mother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once upon a time, in a kingdom far, far away, there lived a beautiful princess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her beauty was unique because she had long red hair and she loved roses. So much that everyone called her Princess Rose. Everyone in the kingdom loved her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some kids came to her with a bunch of roses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Princess Rose went out on the balcony and clapped her hands.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Soon, the bird would start to warble an enchanting tune.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Princess Rose joined it in a song, and everyone in the kingdom fell asleep and had sweet dreams till the break of dawn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Every evening, Princess Rose, along with the little golden bird, sang a loving lullaby, so that all the people fell asleep and had sweet dreams till the break of dawn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Princess sings again, and witch shuts her ears.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But that evening too, Princess Rose went out on her balcony and clapped her hands. But when the golden bird appeared, her hair glowed black instead of red.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bird warbled its enchanting melody, and Princess Rose sang her lullaby.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The princess wondered at this council, but abided by it nevertheless.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She filled up a basin with water and sprinkled rose petals on its surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then, she dipped her hair into the rose water, and it instantly turned red again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That evening, when the bird perched on her shoulder,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The radiant red glow of her hair lit up the night sky once more. The princess sang her lullaby, and everyone in the kingdom fell asleep and had sweet dreams till the break of dawn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Wicked Witch was so very angry that her curse had been broken that she decided to cast it again.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once again, the satin princess asked the bird.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Tell me Golden Bird, how can I make my people's dreams so sweet again till the break of dawn?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And the bird gave the same reply like last time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So great was her anguish that her eyes filled with tears, one of them falling to the ground below. At that very moment, a young and handsome prince who had stopped under the balcony of the princess took out a little box and a single red hair from within it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He bent down and placed the hair atop the princess's tear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The prince picked the rose and took it up to the princess. For you beautiful princess.


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[Assistant] I made it! With your teardrop and a red hair.


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[Assistant] Excited, she took the rose and immediately brushed off her tears and plucked its petals to add to the water in the basin.


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[Assistant] Then she dipped in her hair and the curse was broken. Everyone gasped in astonishment. Oh, what magic!


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[Assistant] Dear King, when the Princess and I were both children, I picked a single strand of hair from her head as a sign of my loyalty to her.


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[Assistant] The princess confirmed and took out a little box. She opened it to reveal a single hair from the prince's head inside.


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[Assistant] Everyone was delighted with this news. The prince and princess rose got married on that very same day.


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[Assistant] Upon learning that her curse had been broken again, the wicked witch's evilness swelled so much that she exploded into a thousand tiny pieces.


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[Assistant] And so it went. Each evening Princess Rose sang her loving lullaby, so that all the people fell asleep and had sweet dreams till the break of dawn.


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[Assistant] Sir, I just needed something to put into the potato.


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[Assistant] On this entree, I'll be working with Simon, Tessa and Sarah. Any questions, Khan? Ask me, yes? Anything! I'm good, Chef. Usually we spend hours prepping.


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[Assistant] On tray, we're gonna do a potato cake, a tarama, and we shave some otago on top.


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[Assistant] We need to do a test plate for Gordon. We need to know if there are any problems in our dish right now.


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[Assistant] We've got enough time to fix it, so let's fix it.


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[Assistant] This experience of being in this kitchen compared to my own restaurant is totally different. We don't get 120 people sit down at the one time. This is hectic. Bring it together now.


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[Assistant] I am backing this entree 100%. It's not just a potato cake that you can get at any takeaway shop.


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[Assistant] This is gonna be a really classic tart on the plate but really beautiful and elegant with an apple filling, custard and a brulee top. This is all about confidence, really. It's just a tart on a plate.


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[Assistant] No, wait, orange. Apple. Apple, 100% apple. I'm sorry mate. Done. Yes.


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[Assistant] Steph's like our mum in the house and sort of looks after us but pulls us back into line when we need to. So I think she'll be a great team captain today.


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[Assistant] We're cooking a three course meal, so the entree needs to be super light and fresh. This is such a simple dish, so this whiting needs to be perfect.


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[Assistant] We're upstairs in the service area, and we've got our production line ready to go. We've got someone laying the fish, someone spooning over the grapefruit butter. I'm just laying down gently some of the mint and rocket salad that's been tossed in a beautiful caper dressing.


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[Assistant] This! That's kinda selfish, keeping all the pizza for themselves.


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[Assistant] It isn't a mouth. It's the doorway to Mong Paco. We go inside. We? Mong Paco? Come.


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[Assistant] We'll cap the Mustang. You're right, the rest...


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[Assistant] Nocturne will find themselves in an almighty pickle.


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[Assistant] So to cook a dish worthy of winning the competition, I would want to do something that is a show stopper. And I have a few ideas in my mind. I'm super keen to impress Gordon.


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[Assistant] And you said fireworks, right? Absolutely. So like, I know a dish that to me resembles fireworks, so I'm going for it. So chocolate malt, inside the dessert, all different layers, all flavours that go really well together. Beautiful! And then, bit of a show at the end.


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[Assistant] None of my chocolate spheres that I made have worked. The balloons completely stopped. I'm completely deflated at this stage.


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[Assistant] For me, I think the worst thing you could possibly do on back to win is underestimate the people around you.


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[Assistant] You could have been out of the competition for a while and just had so much life experience in kitchens, or you could have come out just a year ago.


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[Assistant] And still be very much match fit. That doesn't mean anything in this competition. You're only as good as your last cook.


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[Assistant] Today I'm doing a campfire. It's based around having a campfire on the beach with my kids.


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[Assistant] Yes, ice cream is my thing and I've got ice cream stores around the world, but, you know, I want to show people that there is a little bit more to Ben Ungerman other than ice cream.


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[Assistant] 24 MasterChef Legends returned for a second bite at the cherry.


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[Assistant] Their first challenge delivered above and beyond.


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[Assistant] Danny and her blue team found themselves heading to elimination.


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[Assistant] We'll put even the greatest MasterChef Cooks.


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[Assistant] Hopefully I can cook a good enough dish in the first 45 minutes, but if I can't, I've got a great dish in mind for round two. No one wants to be the first person to go.


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[Assistant] I've got some soft green herbs there, barley, I've got some buckwheat.


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[Assistant] I have to multitask to get this dish done in under 45 minutes.


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[Assistant] The flavours which I'm going for are definitely out there. But if you don't risk it for the biscuit, then you're not gonna get anywhere.


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[Assistant] Tell us about your dish. This is blue streamer crab with buckwheat and grilled asparagus.


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[Assistant] You know, it's unfortunate I didn't get to continue through the competition, but of course I enjoyed it.


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[Assistant] At about 6 o'clock in the morning on September 14th, 2015, scientists witnessed something no human had ever seen. Two black holes colliding.


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[Assistant] Both about 30 times as massive as our sun. They had been orbiting each other for millions of years.


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[Assistant] As they got closer together, they circled each other faster and faster. Finally, they collided.


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[Assistant] A fraction of a second before their crash, they sent a vibration across the universe at the speed of light. And on Earth, billions of years later,


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[Assistant] A detector called the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, or LIGO for short, picked it up. The signal only lasted a fifth of a second.


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[Assistant] And was the detectors first observation of gravitational waves. What are these ripples in space?


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[Assistant] The answer starts with gravity, the force that pulls any two objects together. That's the case for everything in the observable universe.


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[Assistant] You're pulling on the earth, the moon, the sun, and every single star. And they're pulling on you.


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[Assistant] If every mass has an effect on every other mass in the universe, no matter how small,


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[Assistant] Fluctuations in the gravity coming from the universe are called gravitational waves.


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[Assistant] Gravitational waves move out from what caused them like ripples on a pond, getting smaller as they travel farther from their center. But what are they ripples on?


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[Assistant] When Einstein devised his theory of relativity, he imagined gravity as a curve in a surface called spacetime.


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[Assistant] A mass in space creates a depression in spacetime.


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[Assistant] And a ball rolling across a depression will curve like it's being attracted to the other mass.


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[Assistant] The bigger the mass, the deeper the depression and the stronger the gravity.


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[Assistant] If our bodies were sensitive enough to detect them, we'd feel like we were being stretched sideways while being compressed vertically.


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[Assistant] And in the next instant, stretched up and down while being compressed horizontally. Sideways, then up and down.


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[Assistant] This back and forth would happen over and over as the gravitational wave passed right through you.


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[Assistant] But this happens on such a minute scale that we can't feel any of it. So we've built detectors that can feel it for us.


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[Assistant] That's what the LIGO detectors do. And they're not the only ones. There are gravitational wave detectors spread across the world. These L-shaped instruments have long arms whose exact length is measured with lasers.


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[Assistant] Once the detectors feel a gravitational wave, scientists can extract information about the wave's source. In a way,


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[Assistant] Detectors like LIGO are big gravitational wave radios.


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[Assistant] Radio waves are traveling all around you, but you can't feel them or hear the music they carry. It takes the right kind of detector to extract the music.


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[Assistant] LIGO detects a gravitational wave signal, which scientists then study for data about the object that generated it.


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[Assistant] They can derive information like its mass and the shape of its orbit.


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[Assistant] We can also hear gravitational waves by playing their signals through speakers, just like the music radio extracts from radio waves. So those two black holes colliding sounds like this.


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[Assistant] Scientists call this slide whistle-like noise a chirp, and it's the signature of any two objects orbiting into each other.


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[Assistant] The black hole collision was just one example of what gravitational waves can tell us.


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[Assistant] Other high energy astronomical events will leave gravitational echoes too.


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[Assistant] The collapse of a star before it explodes in a supernova or very dense neutron stars colliding.


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[Assistant] Every time we create a new tool to look at space, we discover something we didn't expect.


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[Assistant] Something that might revolutionize our understanding of the universe.


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[Assistant] LIGO's no different. In the short time it's been on, LIGO's already revealed surprises. Like that black holes collide more often than we ever expected. It's impossible to say.


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[Assistant] But exciting to imagine what revelations may now be propagating across space towards our tiny blue planet and its new way of perceiving the universe.


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[Assistant] If you enjoyed this lesson, we think you'll enjoy reading or listening to Astrophysics for People in a Hurry by Neil deGrasse Tyson. You can find a link to the book in the description below.


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[Assistant] And if you love our channel, please consider supporting our nonprofit mission on patreon.com slash TedEd. Thanks for watching.


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[Assistant] I'm really starting to stress out. I'm making a Moroccan tart today. I want to leave myself at least 40, at least 40 minutes. Come on.


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[Assistant] You know, people are getting their dishes tasted and the judges are being really tough.


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[Assistant] It's, yeah, it's insane. I'm not going to be able to get this done in 45 minutes, but I'm still pushing it. Like, I am checking these pastries like you would check on a newborn baby. They're not cooking as quickly as I would like. I have to leave myself enough time in the second cook to come up with something else.


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[Assistant] Right now I'm just like, this is not looking good for me. I just, yea. This isn't good.


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[Assistant] Time is going so quickly here. I can see that I'm losing minutes, but I need these hot shields to cool down. Test everything together. I'm not going to be able to feel them if they're still hot. They just need to cool down before I can do anything with them. Rose, are you done? Done? The blast chiller just needs to chill.


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[Assistant] Coffee Poach dates with fresh orange, tart shell and chocolate with a mild pistachio cream.


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[Assistant] This is torture standing here watching everyone cook.


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[Assistant] I've given up so much to be here. Don't push that star button, Rose. If this is my last gorg, it's not going to be without the world's most epic fight.


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[Assistant] I'm going to do a whole roasted smoked eggplant with a pomegranate and garlic dressing, buttered nuts and yoghurt flatbread.


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[Assistant] I tried my sauce and it's a little bit too garlicky.


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[Assistant] So I get my Olympic running shoes on and I run back to that pantry and I grab some lemons, I grab some oranges to balance it. I can see what the other guys have made.


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[Assistant] They had more time, they've done so much, so I'm really nervous.


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[Assistant] And I'm trying to fix the sauce but at the same time I need to roll out my dough. I need to get my flatbreads on the grill as soon as I can.


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[Assistant] Uh, that was frantic. I, yeah, I don't know what just happened. That was the fastest 36 minutes of my life. Looking around at what everyone else has made. I'm nervous. I'm really nervous.


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[Assistant] I love my garlic, I love my pomegranate molasses. So I'm just hoping that the balance of that sauce is perfect. If it's not, then I know that I'm going home.


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[Assistant] I have done a smoked eggplant with a pomegranate dressing, some flatbreads and a little bit of yogurt.


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[Assistant] But, I mean, you know, I saw what everybody else cooked and, I mean, they're phenomenal dishes, so yeaah, I'm nervous.


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[Assistant] Watching Gordon Ramsay fillet that fish is amazing. The first fillet's off in seconds.


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[Assistant] Callum turns his blender on and I think he's blending it way too fast.


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[Assistant] Rose has got a big challenge ahead of her, just with 36 minutes. But you know, if anyone can do it, I'm sure Rose can.


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[Assistant] I think this is a dish worthy of your time being here. It looks beautiful. Thank you. Well done.


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[Assistant] I'm not quite sure whether I can handle the pressure or not today.


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[Assistant] In Indonesia, we normally use a lot of ketchup sambal, or the chili sauce, uh, satay sauce, and soy sauce. But there are not many other things that we use normally, so it's quite challenging for me.


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[Assistant] It looks like chili sauce, it smells like chili sauce, but it's so spicy. So I'm really confused.


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[Assistant] I'm the first one to go to round two. It's a disaster for me today.


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[Assistant] I'm looking for cumin seeds, I'm looking for coriander. Oh my god, where are they?


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[Assistant] I'm going to make uhm, Thai chicken satay today.


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[Assistant] The Thai satay sauce that I'm going to make today is quite different with the satay sauce that I made earlier in the competition. Today I'm gonna make it really spicy.


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[Assistant] The condiments I'm serving with my dish will be the spicy, um, satay sauce with pinacine and also, uh, pickled pineapple.


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[Assistant] So I add more coconut sugar and more salt to make sure it's not too spicy. And start preparing my pickled pineapple.


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[Assistant] I can't describe how I feel. It's just really nerve-racking for me to go in there.


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[Assistant] With the judges and Nigella in there. Oh my god. It's crazy. It's a crazy feeling.


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[Assistant] Okay, so how do we decide who goes first? The knife block.


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[Assistant] I actually was quite excited knowing that you're cooking in round two.


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[Assistant] Yes, I think that's the, that's all the dumpling skin that I've, you know, pushed to the side.


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[Assistant] This challenge was all about a condiment, and I want a condiment to be better than one that I get in a jar.


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[Assistant] And for me at the moment, I just go there's an opportunity here that you could have added more stuff in there to give it some real interest. She could be in trouble. Let's get the next dish in.


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[Assistant] For me, yes, this is all about the condiment, but that fish is cooked perfectly. And she's taking the tomatoes where they need to go. The potatoes are a lovely touch. It's a familiar dish, but really boosted up in flavour.


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[Assistant] I'm a magician and I'm here to entertain your troops. What? What?


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[Assistant] Four months since the collapse of the Orbital Elevator. As the world undergoes a dramatic change to the people have no choice but to be tossed to and fro.


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[Assistant] Next episode, Entangled Yearnings. In the midst of battle, somebody cries out.


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[Assistant] Jess and I might be really good friends, but we're at war today.


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[Assistant] I'm going to make a donut. It's like a element that can really soak up different flavours. I've got that much donut, I can feed a small village. I'm really trying to focus on making the most perfect, delightful donut. That'll be counteracted by our barbecue pineapple.


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[Assistant] I need to make hundreds of these little bad boys, but I want them to be delicious, so I'm happy to spend the time doing it to make sure that they're right.


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[Assistant] This is where I listen to them speaking and I tell them exactly what their problems are. I tell them what needs to be fixed, what sounds good, what sounds bad.


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[Assistant] You might notice the difference in my face shape already when I pronounce these two sounds.


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[Assistant] The most noticeable difference is the second sound is a long vowel and I smile a little bit more. The reason I'm smiling more is actually because my tongue is going higher in my mouth. So when we raise our tongue higher, the mouth will close more because the jaw comes up.


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[Assistant] But when we produce the i sound, this is where my students have a real big problem. I've had students from all over the world having problems with pronouncing words like itch, because it sounds like each.


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[Assistant] The sides of your top teeth, but when you produce the IH sound, that doesn't happen.


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[Assistant] It's more of a relaxed shape with the mouth. So try a few words like hit, heat, itch, each.


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[Assistant] And they might find that sometimes they're pronouncing it right, but not all the time. This is where muscle memory training becomes really important.


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[Assistant] Every non-native has a problem with is the TH sound. Well, there's actually two. There's the voiced TH, and the unvoiced TH.


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[Assistant] Now to pronounce these two sounds, the tongue has to go between the teeth. Like this.


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[Assistant] Right, this. But I have many, many students who pronounce the word this as dis, think as sink or tink, and it's a real issue because a native pronounces the th sound correctly with the tongue between the teeth every time.


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[Assistant] Now there are some parts of the UK where it's more common in the dialect and the accent to say think instead of think.


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[Assistant] Parts of London have this style of speaking, but it's not recommended for a learner to speak like this. I'd recommend someone who's learning a British accent to pronounce the th sound with the tongue between the teeth every time.


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[Assistant] Now remember, when we pronounce the th sound, if we're talking very, very fast, there is a technique I taught in a previous lesson.


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[Assistant] Which is that you can just tap the back of your top teeth. Just tap the sharp edge of your top teeth to create a...


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[Assistant] Uh, every single time. But please try and do it when you can because you will stop sounding like a non-native really fast if you can consistently do this. It's very very easy to know that someone is a non-native or that their English pronunciation isn't very good.


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[Assistant] And the other number three is quite a broad, a big issue. It's the letter R. When we do and when we don't pronounce it. Now, the R is rr in words like red, rat, travel, right?


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[Assistant] But sometimes we don't pronounce it. For example, a word like work. We say work, not wor.


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[Assistant] Now lots of students when they first start learning with me, they have a problem where they pronounce the R quite a lot. They'll say work or course or here instead of here.


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[Assistant] Also, they might say my teacher instead of my teacher. I say teacher. Okay. Or doctor.


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[Assistant] Any time a word finishes with an err American sound or international English sound, which you might have learnt in school,


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[Assistant] British people pronounce it as uh, but also the R is replaced by lots of different vowel sounds. For example, as I said, work, the R is replaced with an uh sound.


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[Assistant] Of course, the R is replaced with an O sound.


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[Assistant] Even with a diphthong such as air.


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[Assistant] For example, the word share. We don't say share, we say share. We're replacing it with what we call a diphthong, a word like car. We don't pronounce the R at the end.


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[Assistant] A quick tip is that we actually only pronounce the letter R when there is a vowel sound after it. So, a word like travel, yes, we will pronounce the R, travel. That's because after the R is a vowel sound.


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[Assistant] We don't pronounce the R because after the R is a K.


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[Assistant] Which is a consonant sound, okay? So we're not going to pronounce the R.


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[Assistant] And also, of course, we don't pronounce the R at the end of words. Really important to know that.


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[Assistant] So, I guess the final point three, what I've been trying to explain is that my students have a problem with when we do and when we don't pronounce the letter R. But that real problem, generally, is how to pronounce the vowels.


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[Assistant] How to use the vowels to replace the letter R.


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[Assistant] Uh, other particular vowel sounds which are very, very common that they make mistakes with. Uhm, there are lots and lots of things which...


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[Assistant] I tend to kind of trend with all of my students, and I can't talk about all of those today, but if you do want me to make another video about this kind of topic,


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[Assistant] Then you can join my pronunciation course by clicking the link below, etjenglish.com. I can't wait to meet those of you who join and help you achieve your goals. If not, you can find lots of useful videos on this channel about pronunciation and British English. As always, it's been a pleasure and cheers guys!


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[Assistant] Are you sure the army's transporting another computer box?


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[Assistant] At the age of 12 years, the human body is at its most vigorous


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[Assistant] It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence, but at this age the likelihood of death is least


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[Assistant] Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable


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[Assistant] Later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigor and resistance which


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[Assistant] Though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer. However well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us


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[Assistant] This decline in vigor with the passing of time is called aging


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[Assistant] Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer, on into a ninth or tenth decade


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[Assistant] But the chances are against it. And there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.


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[Assistant] Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it


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[Assistant] We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigor with time


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[Assistant] Of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing out of a pair of shoes.


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[Assistant] They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things, wear out


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[Assistant] Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough


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[Assistant] And mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun


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[Assistant] Do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics? Whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present


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[Assistant] But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run down watch is still a watch and can be rewound


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[Assistant] An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending


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[Assistant] But a watch could never repair itself. It does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction.


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[Assistant] We could, at one time, repair ourselves, well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents


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[Assistant] Between 12 and 80 years we gradually lose this power, an illness which at 12 would knock us over, at 80 can knock us out, and into our grave.


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[Assistant] If we could stay as vigorous as we are at 12, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.


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[Assistant] Horses can sleep lying down, but being massive in size they wouldn't be able to get up and run from predators.


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[Assistant] Also, lying down for long restricts blood circulation, putting pressure on their organs. Hence, through evolution, they developed a mechanism called stay apparatus, in which they lock the ligaments and tendons of their legs to avoid falling. Thus, helping them take small naps while standing. Oh no! I'm gonna die! Ha ha ha! Just kidding!


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[Assistant] Bananas contain a radioactive isotope of potassium called K40. But it doesn't lead to radiation poisoning. How do I know?


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[Assistant] According to research, radiation exposure should not exceed 50,000 millisieverts annually. Eating a banana exposes us to only 0.1 microsieverts. So.


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[Assistant] Why can't babies walk at birth? Huh? Cause walking is boring.


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[Assistant] No dude. Newborn elephants or horses walk shortly after birth, while human babies need almost one year.


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[Assistant] This is because the human brain is not developed enough at birth, while the brains of elephants and horses are.


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[Assistant] But, why isn't our brain developed enough at birth?


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[Assistant] Because, in that case, the brain would be bigger in size, requiring a larger skull, thus making childbirth very difficult.


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[Assistant] However, humans use both heels and toes to walk.


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[Assistant] This means they use the full length of their feet, making walking a more complex skill.


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[Assistant] Thus, this requires more coordination and brain power, resulting in more time for us to walk. How does placebo effect work?


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[Assistant] I don't know, dude. Alright, I'll explain. Placebo in Latin means, I shall please. And this is what placebos do.


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[Assistant] Placebos are inactive sugar pills, injections, etc. that look like real medications or treatments.


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[Assistant] The freezing or melting point of water is about 0°C or 32°F. When temperature drops below the melting point, water molecules bond together to form solid ice. However, when temperature rises above the melting point, the bonds break and the ice melts forming liquid water.


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[Assistant] Now, when we add salt or sodium chloride to ice. It lowers the melting point causing solid ice to melt. And form liquid even at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius. Then, the salt dissociates in the liquid water forming sodium and chloride ions.


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[Assistant] These ions make it harder for liquid water molecules to again bond together and form ice. Hence, the melting ice does not refreeze and thus, helps clear the roads.


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[Assistant] When we open our mouth wide enough and look at ourselves in a mirror, we can see a pair of palatine tonsils in our throat. These tonsils have crevices and holes called tonsillar crypts. Now, sometimes food particles, mucus, dead cells and bacteria get collected in the crypts and over time, the collected lumps begin to calcify.


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[Assistant] What does calcify mean? Wait, I'll explain. Calcification is the accumulation of calcium in a particular part of the body.


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[Assistant] Usually, this happens for the formation of bones and teeth. However, sometimes, the collective lumps in the crypts also start calcifying. They turn into hard structures of calcium and other compounds, thus forming tonsil stones or tonsilloliths.


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[Assistant] These are sacred grounds. We go no farther.


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[Assistant] You commanded the most inventive cooking ever seen.


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[Assistant] They delighted the judges with their creativity.


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[Assistant] Sunday night on MasterChef Australia.


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[Assistant] She's backed herself again and again.


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[Assistant] This is nice. There's a few little chairs and tables around. It's all kinda mysterious in a way. Kinda excited to open these big doors.


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[Assistant] Harry and Tassit, the other two strongest seafood cooks in this competition.


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[Assistant] Restoring navigation system. Everything's all green.


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[Assistant] We're responding to someone who sent us nothing but coordinates in space?


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[Assistant] Can you come? It's to help people right? I don't mind helping out on stuff like that.


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[Assistant] Optical sensors have detected celestial being spaceship, sir.


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[Assistant] Oh, my poor eggs. Oh, girl. Don't drop any more eggs, Jessie.


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[Assistant] Sarah, your 60 minutes starts now.


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[Assistant] If you want food, knock thrice. If you want a place to rest, knock thrice. More but if you want knowledge, walk away.


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[Assistant] Well, for that you will have to come in, have some food, rest for the night and in the morning I shall open my book of everything and tell you where the blue mountains are.


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[Assistant] Well, don't lose heart. In the Book of Everything, they also tell you how to get answers for questions this book has no answers to. Wait!


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[Assistant] Birds? Well, birds fly high above this world, over valleys and mountains. If there's any place to be known of, birds will know it.


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[Assistant] At least one of them should have come from the Blue Mountains. Then do it! Please do it!


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[Assistant] I don't think this place called Blue Mountains exists.


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[Assistant] You'll need proof, son. Take this. This bag contains the sacredness of truth. Whosoever you sprinkle it with will have to speak the truth.


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[Assistant] You mean I get to play High Priest again?


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[Assistant] And, uh, that's Johnny Depp's shoulder. And that's Johnny Depp's famous shoulder tattoo.


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[Assistant] And then three years later, which in fairness kind of is forever by Hollywood standards, they broke up. And Johnny went and got a little bit of repair work done, and now his shoulder says, why no forever?


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[Assistant] I first started thinking about getting it in my mid-twenties, but I deliberately waited a really long time.


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[Assistant] Because we all know people who've gotten tattoos when they were 17 or 19 or 23 and regretted it by the time they were 30.


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[Assistant] That didn't happen to me. I got my tattoo when I was 29.


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[Assistant] And by regretted it, I mean that I stepped outside of the tattoo place. This is just a couple miles from here, down on the Lower East Side.


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[Assistant] And I had a massive emotional meltdown in broad daylight on the corner of East Broadway and Canal Street. Which is a great place to do it because nobody cares.


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[Assistant] And this was all actually quite shocking to me, because prior to this moment, I had prided myself on having absolutely no regrets.


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[Assistant] Now I've made a lot of mistakes and dumb decisions, of course. I do that hourly. But I'd always felt like, look, you know, I mean...


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[Assistant] I made the best choice I could make given who I was then, given the information I had on hand. I learned a lesson from it.


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[Assistant] It somehow got me to where I am in life right now and okay, I wouldn't change it.


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[Assistant] In other words, I had drunk our great cultural kool-aid about regret.


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[Assistant] Which is that lamenting things that occurred in the past is an absolute waste of time that we should always look forward and not backward and that one of the noblest and best things we can do is strive to live a life free of regrets. This idea is nicely captured by this quote.


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[Assistant] Things without all remedy should be without regard. What's done is done.


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[Assistant] The inability to experience regret is actually one of the diagnostic characteristics of sociopaths.


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[Assistant] It's also, by the way, characteristic of certain kinds of brain damage. So people who have damage to their orbital frontal cortex seem to be unable to feel regret in the face of even obviously very poor decisions.


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[Assistant] So if in fact you want to live a life free of regret, there is an option open to you. It's called the lobotomy. But if you want to be fully functional and fully human and fully humane, I think you need to learn to live not without regret, but with it. So let's start out by defining some terms. What is regret?


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[Assistant] Regret is the emotion we experience when we think that our present situation could be better or happier if we had done something different in the past. So in other words, regret requires two things. It requires, first of all, agency. We had to make a decision in the first place. And second of all, it requires imagination.


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[Assistant] We need to be able to imagine going back and making a different choice and then we need to be able to kind of spool this imaginary record forward and imagine how things would be playing out in our present.


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[Assistant] And in fact the more we have of either of these things, the more agency and the more imagination with respect to a given regret, the more acute that regret will be. So let's say for instance that


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[Assistant] You're on your way to your best friend's wedding and you're trying to get to the airport and you're stuck in terrible traffic and you finally arrive at your gate and you've missed your flight.


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[Assistant] You're gonna experience more regret in that situation if you missed your flight by three minutes than if you missed it by twenty. Why?


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[Assistant] Well, because if you miss your flight by three minutes, it is painfully easy to imagine that you could have made different decisions that would have led to a better outcome.


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[Assistant] I should have taken the bridge and not the tunnel. I should have gone through that yellow light.


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[Assistant] These are the classic conditions that create regret. We feel regret when we think we are responsible for a decision that came out badly, but almost came out well.


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[Assistant] Now within that framework we can obviously experience regret about a lot of different things.


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[Assistant] Uh, this session today is about behavioral economics and most of what we know about regret comes to us out of that domain. We have a vast body of literature


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[Assistant] Uh, on consumer and financial decisions and the regrets associated with them. Buyers remorse, basically.


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[Assistant] But then finally it occurred to some researchers to step back and say, well okay, but overall, what do we regret most in life? Here's what the answers turn out to look like.


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[Assistant] Top six regrets. The things we regret most in life. Number one, by far, education. 33% of all of our regrets pertain to decisions we made about education. We wish we'd gotten more of it. We wish we'd taken better advantage of the education that we did have. We wish we'd chosen to study a different topic.


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[Assistant] Other very high on our list of regrets include career, romance, parenting, uh, various decisions and choices about our sense of self and how we spend our leisure time.


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[Assistant] Or actually, more specifically, how we fail to spend our leisure time. The remaining regrets...


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[Assistant] Pertain to these things. Finance, family issues unrelated to romance or parenting, health, friends, spirituality, and community.


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[Assistant] So in other words, we know most of what we know about regret by the study of finance, but it turns out when you look overall at what people regret in life, you know what? Our financial decisions don't even rank.


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[Assistant] They account for less than 3% of our total regrets.


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[Assistant] So if you're sitting there stressing about large cap versus small cap, or company A versus company B, or should you buy the Subaru or the Prius, you know what? Let it go. Odds are you're not gonna care in five years.


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[Assistant] But for these things that we actually do really care about and do experience profound regret around, what does that experience feel like?


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[Assistant] We all know the short answer, right? It feels terrible. Regret feels awful.


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[Assistant] So the first consistent component of regret is basically denial. When I went home that night after getting my tattoo,


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[Assistant] I basically stayed up all night and for the first several hours there was exactly one thought in my head and the thought was make it go away.


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[Assistant] This is an unbelievably primitive emotional response. I mean, it's right up there with, I want my mommy.


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[Assistant] And we're not trying to solve the problem. We're not trying to understand how the problem came about. We just want it to vanish.


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[Assistant] The second characteristic component of regret is a sense of bewilderment. So the other thing I thought about there in my bedroom that night was, how could I have done that? What was I thinking?


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[Assistant] We can't identify with that part. We don't understand that part.


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[Assistant] And we certainly don't have any empathy for that part, which explains the third consistent component of regret, which is an intense desire to punish ourselves. That's why in the face of our regrets, the thing we consistently say is, I could have kicked myself.


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[Assistant] The fourth component here is that regret is what psychologists call perseverative. To perseverate means to focus obsessively and repeatedly on the exact same thing.


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[Assistant] Now the effect of perseveration is to basically take these first three components of regret and put them on an infinite loop.


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[Assistant] So, it's not that I sat there in my bedroom that night thinking, make it go away. It's that I sat there and I thought, make it go away, make it go away, make it go away, make it go away.


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[Assistant] So if you look at the psychological literature, these are the four consistent defining components of regret. But I want to suggest that there's also a fifth one. And I think of this as a kind of existential wake up call. Uh, that night in my apartment, after I got done kicking myself and so forth, I lay in bed for a long time and I thought about, uhm, skin grafts.


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[Assistant] And then I thought about how much as travel insurance doesn't cover acts of God, probably my health insurance did not cover acts of idiocy.


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[Assistant] In point of fact, no insurance covers acts of idiocy. The whole point of acts of idiocy is that they leave you totally uninsured. They leave you exposed to the world and exposed to your own vulnerability and fallibility in face of frankly a fairly indifferent universe. This is obviously an incredibly painful experience.


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[Assistant] And I think it's particularly painful for us now in the West, in the grips of what I sometimes think of as a Control Z culture. Control Z like the computer command, undo.


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[Assistant] We're incredibly used to not having to face life's hard realities in a certain sense. We think we can throw money at the problem or throw technology at the problem. We can undo and unfriend and unfollow


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[Assistant] And the problem is that there are certain things that happen in life that we desperately want to change. And we cannot.


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[Assistant] Sometimes instead of Ctrl Z, we actually have zero control.


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[Assistant] And for those of us who are control freaks and perfectionists, and I know whereof I speak,


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[Assistant] Now there is a case to be made that control feeks and perfectionists should not get tattoos. And I'm going to return to that point in a few minutes. But first I want to say that


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[Assistant] So for instance, here's one of my favorite automatic generators of regret in modern life.


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[Assistant] You know, you can accidentally hit reply all to an email and torpedo a relationship. Or you can just have an incredibly embarrassing day at work. Or you can have your last day at work.


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[Assistant] And this doesn't even touch on the really profound regrets of life.


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[Assistant] Because of course sometimes we do make decisions that have irrevocable and terrible consequences either for our own or for other people's health and happiness and livelihoods and in the very worst case scenario even their lives.


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[Assistant] Now obviously those kinds of regrets are incredibly piercing and enduring.


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[Assistant] I mean even the stupid reply all regrets can leave us in a fit of excruciating agony for days. So how are we supposed to live with this?


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[Assistant] I want to suggest that there's three things that help us to make our peace with regret. And the first of these is to take some comfort in its universality.


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[Assistant] The FDA estimates that of all the Americans who have tattoos, 17% of us regret getting them.


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[Assistant] That is Johnny Depp and me and our seven million friends. And that's just regret about tattoos. We are all in this together.


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[Assistant] The second way that we can help make our peace with regret is to laugh at ourselves.


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[Assistant] Uh, now in my case this really wasn't a problem because it's actually very easy to laugh at yourself when you're 29 years old and you want your mommy because you don't like your new tattoo.


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[Assistant] But it might seem like a kind of cool or glib suggestion when it comes to these more profound regrets. I don't think that's the case though.


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[Assistant] All of us who've experienced regret that contains real pain and real grief understand that humor and even black humor plays a crucial role in helping us survive.


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[Assistant] It connects the poles of our lives back together, the positive and the negative, and it sends a little current of life back into us.


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[Assistant] The third way that I think we can help make our peace with regret is through the passage of time. Which as we know, heals all wounds. Except for tattoos, which are permanent.


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[Assistant] So it's been several years since I got my own tattoo. And uhm,


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[Assistant] Alright. Actually, you know what, I should warn you.


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[Assistant] Because it's actually not that hideous, right? I didn't tattoo, you know, Marilyn Manson's face on some indiscreet part of myself or something. When other people see my tattoo, for the most part they like how it looks. It's just that I don't like how it looks. And as I said earlier, I'm a perfectionist. But I'll let you see it anyway.


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[Assistant] I can guess what some of you are thinking. So let me reassure you about something.


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[Assistant] Some of your own regrets are also not as ugly as you think they are.


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[Assistant] I got this tattoo because I spent most of my twenties living outside of the country and traveling.


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[Assistant] And when I came and settled in New York afterwards, I was worried that I would forget some of the most important lessons that I learned during that time.


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[Assistant] Specifically, the two things I learned about myself that I most didn't want to forget was how important it felt to keep exploring.


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[Assistant] And simultaneously how important it is to somehow keep an eye on your own true north.


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[Assistant] And what I loved about this image of the compass was that I felt like it encapsulated both of these ideas in one simple image. And I thought it might serve as a kind of permanent mnemonic device. Well it did.


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[Assistant] It actually reminds me of the most important lesson regret can teach us, which is also one of the most important lessons life teaches us.


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[Assistant] And ironically, I think it's probably the single most important thing I possibly could have tattooed onto my body. Partly as a writer, but also just as a human being.


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[Assistant] And if we love people and we don't want to hurt them or lose them, we should feel pain when things go wrong. The point isn't to live without any regrets. The point is to not hate ourselves for having them.


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[Assistant] The lesson that I ultimately learned from my tattoo and that I want to leave you with today is this.


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[Assistant] We need to learn to love the flawed, imperfect things that we create and to forgive ourselves for creating them. Regret doesn't remind us that we did badly. It reminds us that we know we can do better. Thank you.


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[Assistant] I love going to the deli, it's one of my favourite things to do and this deli looks incredible. I can see fish, I can see a selection of dips, I can see a whole lot of pickled items and some cheeses and cured meats and I want to taste them all.


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[Assistant] I recognise some of the deli items because I eat them all the time, but there's definitely some of them that I don't know.


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[Assistant] Ben's already going into the second round of elimination. Two places are left, so the pressure is really high to get this right. Number nine please. Number nine.


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[Assistant] Cheese and fish? And chips? I mean, you're a lover of fish and chips, aren't you?


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[Assistant] Uhm, cruddle and raw cheese, I don't know.


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[Assistant] Is it gonna be subtle enough so that that scampi can sing?


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[Assistant] I thought technically it was near perfect. The cauliflower puree, massive tick, the smoked soy marrow, really well done.


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[Assistant] Once again, you guys need to choose someone to cook on behalf of the whole team. And the theme for round two is... Quick cooking.


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[Assistant] Your champion can cook any dish they want. But they'll only have 30 minutes to do it in. And in this round,


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[Assistant] Let's start with you, Simon.


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[Assistant] All I'm going to say is we have a game on our hands. This is going to be a very interesting game.


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[Assistant] Two polar opposite dishes, but just as good in their own right.


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[Assistant] Blue team, this is it. It's the moment of truth. No more champions. You are on your own, cooking against each other. We're only looking for the best dish. Cook that, and you are safe. The rest of you, you're going to tomorrow's pressure test.


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[Assistant] Love the bark, the broth is like packed full of flavour, uh, and you can taste the gooseberries in it, which is great. The only negative I'll pick at is, I love the texture of the wombok, but I didn't love that it was kinda, you'd oiled it and then torched it, cause I just get that weird sort of burnt oil taste to it, but you've got some seriously good almonds on the dish.


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[Assistant] Well, do it. Please do it. Do it from now on. Like, because it is seriously good. Each berry does its job. I would pay serious money for that. Actually nah, let's just do it, I'll come over, you cook that, and we're sweet.


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[Assistant] I think these two will agree that was an epic tasting.


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[Assistant] The rest of you, you're in tomorrow's pressure test.


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[Assistant] Now you've all done pressure tests before. You know how special the dishes are.


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[Assistant] They're complex, they're intricate, they're technical, but above everything, the cloche gets lifted, they make us go wow. Tomorrow, there will be no guest chef bringing us their wow dish, because we want you guys


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[Assistant] Tomorrow, you're cooking your own pressure test.


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[Assistant] The vibrations travel from one point to another.


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[Assistant] He was able to hear sound through a solid metal box. How is that even possible?


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[Assistant] It is possible because sound can travel through solids also. We know that sound needs a medium to travel.


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[Assistant] That medium can either be a solid, liquid or gas. Sound travels with the help of molecules present in the medium. However,


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[Assistant] As compared to liquids and gases, the molecules of solids are very closely packed together.


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[Assistant] Hence, when molecules of a solid vibrate, they pass on the vibrations to the surrounding molecules more effectively.


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[Assistant] Vacuum does not have any kind of medium. That means it does not have any molecules. As there are no molecules that can vibrate and transmit sound, vibrations cannot reach his ears and thus, he does not get a sensation of hearing.


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[Assistant] And for our third dish, we're kind of thinking let's just keep it super simple. What would you expect walking down the streets of Mexico and we just think charred corn.


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[Assistant] We've got Mexican as our cuisine. With 35 minutes left, Kyle desperately needs more help to get all of these tortillas up for the quesadillas. So we're doing 240.


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[Assistant] Changing our idea from a quesadilla to a taco means that we don't need two tortillas on top of each other. It's just the one. I'm really relieved everyone will get one taco per person and it's a lot less work for us.


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[Assistant] We did a tester of the beef skewer, and I think with the addition of the sade sauce, it should be good.


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[Assistant] It's deep fried, it's crunchy, it's yummy to go with tamarind chutney.


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[Assistant] Now the samosa pastry is out of the way, I need to get to the filling. There's potatoes, peas, garlic, onion, and onion spices. We're so pressed with the time.


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[Assistant] It seems that they were able to confirm that the machine I shot down during the break pillar incident belonged to the ringleader of the whole coup d'etat. And so the top brass rewarded me for it.


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[Assistant] For all the people who are praying for an end to war, those who split from the military to threaten the government must face judgement.


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[Assistant] Monaro built her a wonderful palace by the great river. It was the most beautiful palace on earth. Blula was very happy. Soon...


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[Assistant] She was so happy living in her own lovely palace with her own dear mother that she did not care at all for any suitor.


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[Assistant] Solaris came back to the palace again and called out for Princess Spring.


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[Assistant] She agreed, and the wedding was held at once.


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[Assistant] After the wedding, she bid farewell to her parents and she left with Solaris.


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[Assistant] Blula decided to take a walk into the deep woods beyond the great river.


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[Assistant] Unaware that Crystal, the ice giantess, awaited her. When she reached the deep woods, Crystal appeared in front of her.


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[Assistant] Later that day, Munara moved the moon and placed it right in between the sun and the earth.


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[Assistant] Munara met Solaris and Princess Spring Midway and explained everything to them. Princess Spring was terrified. Mother, no!


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[Assistant] The rays of the sun were too powerful for her. She at once understood that it was Solaris.


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[Assistant] Yeah, I know, but my mother is literally a statue there. Three months. You get...


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[Assistant] The two hugged each other and Princess Spring explained to her mother everything that had happened.


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[Assistant] Crystal will come bringing Winter with her for the last three months of the year.


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[Assistant] And as for Blula, she embraced all the seasons with love, and together under her, the earth prospered.


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[Assistant] Hey there, you beautiful princess spring. My name is Solaris.


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[Assistant] And I have come to you to ask for your hand in marriage. I am in love with you.


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[Assistant] Oh, beautiful Princess Spring, please come and talk to me.


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[Assistant] And I have come to tell you that it is impossible for me to forget you. I simply cannot stay away from you. But I also understand your love for your mother. Hence I have come with another proposal.


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[Assistant] Stay with me for nine months every year, and for the remaining three months, you could come to your mother and stay here with her.


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[Assistant] Darling, I have always asked you to come with me, but you never do. You do not want to leave your palace.


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[Assistant] That is the reason why I built it in the first place. Remember?


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[Assistant] I will melt crystal with my fury. Munaro, move out of the way!


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[Assistant] I am not going to stop until you set Blula free.


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[Assistant] Either you set her free or I melt you completely. There are no conditions.


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[Assistant] Ugh, fine. What is your condition?


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[Assistant] Where do you think our newborn son Monsoon is going to go for his adventures?


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[Assistant] We have decided to send him to his grandmother's palace every year for three months so that he can learn all about Earth and shower his rains upon it.


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[Assistant] He is no ordinary baby. He is the son of Solaris and Princess Spring.


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[Assistant] But darling, I am only trying to-


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[Assistant] Why do animals eyes glow in the dark? Coz they have hidden torches.


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[Assistant] Wait, I'll explain. Our eyes have a layer called retina which is made up of photoreceptors. When light enters our eyes, it hits the photoreceptors. Photoreceptors detect light, thus making it possible to see.


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[Assistant] However, the life which doesn't hit the photoreceptors remains undetected.


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[Assistant] Areas that are more prone to getting tickled are our vulnerable areas like neck, stomach and armpits. Yea dude, you are right.


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[Assistant] Some researchers suggest that laughing on getting tickled by others could be a defense mechanism.


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[Assistant] It has evolved over the years when touched suddenly in vulnerable areas. This laughter could either be a way to laugh out of a tense situation. Or to show submission to the person tickling you to stop further tickles. Now, when we tickle ourselves.


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[Assistant] Our brain is programmed in such a way that it predicts and recognizes our own movements. It knows where our hands can reach. There's no element of surprise or threat, even if touched in vulnerable areas. Hence, we can't tickle ourselves.


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[Assistant] Countless poets and writers have tried to put words to the experience of a panic attack.


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[Assistant] A sensation so overwhelming, many people mistake it for a heart attack, stroke, or other life threatening crisis.


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[Assistant] Though panic attacks don't cause long-term physical harm, afterwards, the fear of another attack can limit someone's daily life and cause more panic attacks.


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[Assistant] Even learning about them can be uncomfortable, but it's necessary because the first step to preventing panic attacks is understanding them.


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[Assistant] At its core, a panic attack is an overreaction to the body's normal physiological response to the perception of danger.


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[Assistant] This response starts with the amygdala, the brain region involved in processing fear.


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[Assistant] When the amygdala perceives danger, it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which triggers the release of adrenaline.