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[Assistant] The Nazis are using searchlights to spot planes, said Jack. They're sure to see Teddy. Show me, said Kathleen. Jack and Annie led Kathleen outside. The lights were still sweeping across the night sky. See, said Jack, pointing up at the moving beams of light. How can Teddy possibly? Annie gasped. Look, she said. Look at the field.


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[Assistant] The gleaming plane was much bigger than a spy taxi. It had a snub-nosed cockpit.


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[Assistant] A long row of windows and four huge propellers, two on each wing. Where did that come from, said Kathleen. I don't know, said Jack, stunned.


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[Assistant] I didn't see it when we moved the truck or came back to the church. I didn't hear it fly overhead or land or anything. The rear door of the plane swung open.


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[Assistant] When Kathleen reached Teddy, she threw her arms around him. Jack and Annie piled on, and they all hugged him at the same time. Everyone was laughing.


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[Assistant] Do you know that D-Day is tomorrow? asked Jack. Yes, I found out today, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] How did the plane land without the searchlights spotting it? Asked Jack. And why didn't it make any noise? I will explain later, said Teddy. We must act quickly. You have others with you, no? Yes, lots of others, said Annie. This way, said Kathleen.


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[Assistant] She grabbed Teddy's hand and pulled him toward the church.


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[Assistant] I gathered that from your message, said Teddy. That is why I sent you the wand and he stopped and smacked his forehead. Oh no, I forgot, didn't I? You did, said Jack.


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[Assistant] But it's not all your fault. Annie and I forgot too, until just before I jumped. And then it was too late. I am so sorry, said Teddy. It's okay, said Annie. You had a lot on your mind. No, it is unforgivable, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] Seriously, it's okay, said Jack. We managed. By then they had arrived at the door of the church.


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[Assistant] Get ready to be mobbed by little kids, Annie said to Teddy. Kathleen led the way inside. Sarah, Sophie, we are leaving.


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[Assistant] Eddie, take Sophie's hand. Daniel, take Sarah's hand. Leo and Eli, Jack's hands. Marcella and Ella, Annie's hands. Pierre and Sally, Teddy's hands.


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[Assistant] Come along now, follow me. We're about to go on a great adventure.


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[Assistant] With little hands tucked into bigger hands, everyone followed Kathleen out of the church into the field. Oh, look, said Leo. Pretty plain, said Eli.


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[Assistant] Yes, said Jack, walking with the two boys. Let's run. We're going to fly through the air on the silver bird, gripping their hands.


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[Assistant] He ran with little steps so the kids could keep up. When they reached the plane, Teddy took charge. Big kids help small kids up the step ladder, he said. Kathleen lifted two preschoolers up to the rear door. Annie climbed up with two more. Sophie and Sarah each helped a smaller child.


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[Assistant] Jack held onto Leo and Eli and led them up the steps. Boarding last.


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[Assistant] Teddy squeezed into the passenger cabin with Pierre and Solly. Then he closed the heavy door and latched it.


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[Assistant] Sit down, relax everyone, he said. We don't have far to go. The little kids laughed and squealed.


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[Assistant] As they scrambled into seats, some of them jumped into Kathleen's and Annie's laps. Others climbed onto Teddy, all chirping at once. Wait a minute, said Jack.


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[Assistant] No, as I said, I called in a friend to help me, said Teddy. He is the pilot. Oh, said Jack.


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[Assistant] But how did he land without our hearing him, and how did he get past the searchlights? Explanations later, said Teddy. I think we are about to take off.


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[Assistant] As Kathleen and Teddy laughed and tried to answer the children,


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[Assistant] Jack thought that Kathleen was completely her old self again.


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[Assistant] Her eyes were bright. Her laughter was light-hearted. Jack looked out the window.


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[Assistant] The searchlights were still combing the dark for incoming planes.


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[Assistant] So how did the SOE pilot land the plane, he wondered. And how will he take off without being seen? The large silver plane started moving. It moved across the grass, with no bumping and no engine sounds.


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[Assistant] No whirring, roaring, or rumbling. This is so weird, thought Jack.


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[Assistant] Did they make super silent spy planes in World War II? He would have to look it up, he thought. Before he knew it, the plane had lifted off the ground.


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[Assistant] Oh, but on this plane, we can't open windows, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] He leaned over, undid a latch, and pushed open the glass. As cool air rushed inside the cabin, Annie grabbed Jack's field pack. Without a word.


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[Assistant] She pulled out the flyers made by the resistance fighters Tom and Theo.


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[Assistant] She showed the printed message to Teddy and Kathleen. They both grinned and nodded. Then one at a time, Annie released the flyers out the open window.


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[Assistant] Ten sheets of paper flapped into the moonlit night. That's all, said Annie. I wish I had more. Kathleen looked at Annie for a moment. Then she smiled and rose from her seat. She pointed her finger at the fliers, fluttering toward the earth below. She whispered some words.


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[Assistant] Ein solis king, dirl, I do. Annie's wish shall now come true.


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[Assistant] Through the window, Jack saw the flyers begin to multiply from 10 to 100.


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[Assistant] From a hundred to a thousand, from a thousand to ten thousand. Everyone gasped and clapped. Kathleen's magic was working again.


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[Assistant] Now that she was with Teddy, now that she was flying home to England, now that she was saving the children, her joy, her magic, had returned.


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[Assistant] As the plane crossed the English Channel, the flyers kept multiplying across the sea. Like white petals falling from apple trees, the sheets of paper tumbled and swirled through the air.


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[Assistant] Soon after the silver plane crossed the English Channel, it landed silently in the field near Glastonbury Tor.


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[Assistant] Teddy opened the rear door and lowered the stepladder. Everyone out, he said. Once again the big kids helped the little kids. Everyone climbed down the ladder and stepped onto the dark dewy grass. The moon was high in the sky now. Jack could hardly believe that he and Annie


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[Assistant] You'll live in a nice house soon, I promise." The small boy kissed Jack on the cheek. Then Leo kissed Jack, too. Jack just laughed. You guys are funny, he said. Is Jack your brother? Eddie asked Annie. Yes, said Annie. He's my brother. Is he the best brother in the world? asked the tiny girl. Yes, he is, said Annie.


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[Assistant] No, we have to go back to America now, said Jack. How will you get there, asked Leo. In a magic treehouse, said Jack. Can we play in your treehouse someday, asked Leo. Absolutely, said Jack.


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[Assistant] When you come to America, you can do anything you want.


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[Assistant] Three big black cars were waiting in the parking lot beside the airfield. Teddy got four of the children settled in the first car.


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[Assistant] And Jag and Annie tucked therefore into the second car. See ya guys, Jack said. Be good.


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[Assistant] Jack closed the door and stood in the dark with Annie and Teddy as Kathleen guided Sophie and Sarah to the third car in the lot.


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[Assistant] Before they reached it, the doors opened, and a man and woman climbed out. They were tall and well dressed.


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[Assistant] When the man and woman saw Sophie and Sarah, they both burst into sobs. The man knelt and held out his arms. My babies, he said.


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[Assistant] Grabbing Sophie and Sarah and pulling them close, Sophie and Sarah started crying too. Papa mama, papa mama.


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[Assistant] For a long time, Sophie, Sarah, and their parents all held each other and cried.


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[Assistant] They were still holding onto each other as they stumbled back to their car and climbed into the backseat together. Jack felt tears on his cheeks. Kathleen and Annie were sniffling.


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[Assistant] Teddy cleared his throat and clapped his hands together. Victory, he said.


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[Assistant] What about Eli and Eddie and Leo and all the other kids? Annie asked Kathleen. What will happen to them?


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[Assistant] The SOE will locate relatives and friends to care for them, said Kathleen.


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[Assistant] I will go to London and protect them until they are all safely placed in happy homes. Thank you for saving them said Annie. Thank you Annie said Kathleen.


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[Assistant] For remaining hopeful and helping make a plan when we were almost ready to give up. No problem said Annie.


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[Assistant] Together you and Jack saved their lives and mine, said Kathleen. You are my heroes. Jack shrugged. I'm not a hero, he said.


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[Assistant] Kathleen took Jack's hand. She looked into his eyes. You are a hero, Jack. Believe me. And you are a wonderful truck driver, too. Jack laughed. Kathleen smiled her radiant smile.


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[Assistant] Well until we meet again, farewell, she said. Teddy, are you coming?


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[Assistant] Yes, I will join you for the ride to London, Teddy said. Wait for me. Good.


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[Assistant] Where did it go, he asked, hurrying alongside Teddy. The plane. Ah yes, the plane is gone, but the pilot remains behind, Teddy said mysteriously. Come with me.


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[Assistant] Through the misty air, they passed the glistening pond and the sheep asleep in the grass.


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[Assistant] Just beyond a hedgerow were the ruins of pillars and archways. There, on that bench, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] He walked over and sat down next to Annie and the man. Hi Merlin, Jack said as casually as he could. Good evening, Jack, Merlin said. The magician was wearing a black cloak with a cowl over his head, his long white beard shown in the moonlight. So Teddy sent for you? Jack asked. Yes, said Merlin.


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[Assistant] And you knew how to find and fly a special military plane? said Jack. No, said the magician of Camelot.


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[Assistant] I knew how to conjure a special plane to suit your needs.


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[Assistant] I know this was an especially difficult mission for you, said Merlin. You experienced firsthand what it means to live in constant terror. Yes, said Jack.


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[Assistant] You know what it feels like to be afraid to speak or move about freely said Merlin. We do said Annie.


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[Assistant] You have seen cruel people hunt down the innocent, even children," said Merlin. Jack and Annie nodded.


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[Assistant] But you overcame your fears in order to accomplish your mission, said Merlin.


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[Assistant] Teddy found two excellent recruits in the fight for freedom. There is no way I can adequately thank you, but allow me to try. Thank you, both of you, and I hope to see you again soon. You too, said Annie. Anytime, said Jack. Merlin stood up from the bench. Well, goodbye, he said. Have a safe trip home. Bye, said Annie.


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie watch the master magician walk off into the night and disappear like smoke among the ruins. Wow! Annie breathes.


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[Assistant] Wow indeed, said Teddy stepping from the shadows. Now, are you ready to go home?


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie stood up from the bench and followed Teddy to the tree house.


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[Assistant] Teddy reached in and pulled out their sneakers in Jack's pack. You can have your things back now, he said. Thanks, said Jack. And you can have your things back too.


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie pulled off their farm boots, overalls and shirts.


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[Assistant] Jack shivered in his shorts and t-shirt as he and Annie changed into their sneakers and tied the laces.


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[Assistant] Then Jack took his pencil and notebook out of the field pack and handed the pack to Teddy. Thanks for lending this to us, he said. You are welcome, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] I will have to make up a good story for Winston about how I got all of you out of France.


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[Assistant] But now I had better catch my ride to London. Until next time, cheerio chaps. Cheerio chap, Jack and Annie said together. Onward, said Teddy.


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[Assistant] Then he slung his duffel bag over his shoulder and headed toward the parking lot.


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie watched Teddy march briskly toward the hedgerow.


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[Assistant] Just before he rounded the corner, he turned and gave them a salute. Then he was gone.


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[Assistant] He and Annie looked up at the night sky and saw distant lights.


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[Assistant] Annie pointed to a photo of the Frog Creek woods. I wish we could go there, she said. The wind started to blow. The treehouse started to spin. It spun faster and faster. Then everything was still. Absolutely still.


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[Assistant] Too heavy to talk about all they'd seen and done. He picked up his backpack and climbed down the rope ladder. Annie followed. In silence, they started through the late summer woods, crossing in and out of dark shadows. War really is a terrible thing, Annie said finally. Jack nodded. I don't understand it, said Annie.


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[Assistant] Why would anyone want to hurt people like Sophie and Sarah and their parents, or Tom and Theo, or the old man at the train station? I don't know, said Jack.


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[Assistant] France, Italy, and the United States. They all work together now for peace in the world, right? said Annie. Right, said Jack. They're all good friends.


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[Assistant] And the United States and Japan also fought each other in World War II, said Annie. But now they're good friends. Right, said Jack. Cool, said Annie. Let's think about that instead.


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[Assistant] And let's think about Gaston, Suzette, Sylvie, Tom, Theo, and the driver of the milk truck, all trying to do the right thing.


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[Assistant] During war, I think lots of people try to do the right thing. Don't you? Yes, said Jack.


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie left the shadowy woods and crossed their street to the bright, sunshiny sidewalk.


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[Assistant] The warmth and beauty of the light lifted Jack's spirits.


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[Assistant] I love our lives, Annie said with a sigh. Yea, me too, said Jack. Especially our freedom.


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[Assistant] The freedom to watch movies and eat popcorn and play Scrabble with mom and dad and cook outside on the grill and visit our grandparents and our great-grandparents. Yea, a million things like that, said Jack.


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[Assistant] Right now, he had a whole new appreciation for the familiar, ordinary things in life.


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[Assistant] Jack and Annie turned into their yard and climbed the steps to the front porch.


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[Assistant] Before Jack opened the screen door, he looked at Annie. Hey.


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[Assistant] The war involved more than 30 countries and 100 million people.


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[Assistant] And was fought between two main groups of powers.


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[Assistant] The allied powers and the access powers.


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[Assistant] The chief allied powers were Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States.


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[Assistant] The chief access powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. At the time of World War II,


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[Assistant] Germany was led by a brutal dictator named Adolf Hitler, who was the head of a political party called the Nazi Party. Beginning in 1938,


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[Assistant] Hitler's Nazi forces quickly invaded many European countries including Austria, Poland,


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[Assistant] The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg.


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[Assistant] France, Denmark, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Norway. In the summer of 1940, Germany's air force attacked Great Britain. But under the leadership of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the British withstood the attack and defeated the Germans in the Battle of Britain. It was the first defeat for Germany in the war.


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[Assistant] The United States did not become directly involved in World War II until 1941. On December 7, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, a U.S. naval base in Hawaii, and the next day, the United States declared war on Japan.


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[Assistant] Soon after Hitler declared war on the United States.


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[Assistant] The United States joined the allied powers and fought the Axis powers in many countries all over the world for the next four years.


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[Assistant] World War II ended on September 2nd, 1945.


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[Assistant] When Japan was the last country to formally surrender to the Allies.


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[Assistant] the war lasted for six years and one day it is estimated that during that time


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[Assistant] 150,000 Allied soldiers invaded the coast of Normandy and France to fight Hitler's army.


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[Assistant] D-Day was the largest land, air, and sea invasion in the history of the world.


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[Assistant] It became the turning point for World War II.


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[Assistant] During World War II, spies were sent behind enemy lines to gather information for their side. In Great Britain,


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[Assistant] Prime Minister Winston Churchill formed a highly secret spy organization known as the SOE, which stood for Special Operations Executive.


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[Assistant] Who were willing to risk their lives to defeat the Nazis.


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[Assistant] In Nazi-occupied countries, there were also many hidden groups known as the Resistance, who were trying to fight Hitler's army. Often working with Allied spies, Resistance groups used wireless radios to communicate secretly with Allied forces.


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[Assistant] They also resisted the invaders through acts of sabotage, such as blowing up rail lines used by the Nazi soldiers for traveling and for transporting weapons.


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[Assistant] During World War II, pigeons were used by both the allied and access powers to carry messages across Europe.


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[Assistant] The pigeons were known as carrier pigeons or homing pigeons.


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[Assistant] Which used over 200,000 carrier pigeons. One of the most famous British pigeons was named Commando. Commando flew more than 90 missions carrying messages from agents in France to soldiers in Britain.


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[Assistant] He received a medal for his excellent service and today is remembered as one of the bravest creatures to ever serve in a war.


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[Assistant] During any war, military messages are often intercepted by the enemy.


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[Assistant] In order to disguise their messages, military forces develop highly secret codes.


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[Assistant] They also train code breakers who try to decipher or crack the enemy's codes.


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[Assistant] The Enigma machine was a complicated typewriter designed to create a code that was nearly impossible to decipher. To make things even more difficult, the codes were changed every day.


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[Assistant] Thousands of tanks were built each month during the war.


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[Assistant] The early tanks could hardly move faster than a person walking.


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[Assistant] They were far more durable than the early tanks and could travel over very rough terrain.


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[Assistant] Most countries use their tanks to carry powerful weaponry, but German tanks didn't have strong armor or firepower. This made them lighter and faster.


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[Assistant] The German tanks helped the Nazis develop a tactic known as Blitzkrieg, which means lightning war.


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[Assistant] A blitzkrieg is an attack that uses speed and surprise to encircle and destroy an enemy.


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[Assistant] Much of World War II was fought on the ocean. The battleship had been the most powerful naval weapon in previous wars.


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[Assistant] Both the Allies and the Axis powers used submarines. German submarines were called U-boats.


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[Assistant] Submarines used an underwater missile called a torpedo to sink large ships.


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[Assistant] Advanced technology made planes faster and more powerful. Unlike a tank or battleship, an airplane could travel anywhere.


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[Assistant] Taking off from airfields or from aircraft carriers, the plane could engage in combat


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[Assistant] Over any sort of terrain or body of water.


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[Assistant] Airplanes could also provide a bird's eye view of enemy territory to help an army plan its attacks.


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[Assistant] And they could drop troops, spies, and supplies behind enemy lines via parachute.


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[Assistant] Instead of dropping bombs like bomber planes, fighter planes faced each other in the air.


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[Assistant] There were almost 150 different kinds of fighter planes used during the war.


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[Assistant] One of the most famous of these planes was called the North American P-51 Mustang.


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[Assistant] It could fly higher and make sharper turns than any other plane.


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[Assistant] The Nazis were extremely prejudiced against the Jewish people. Under Hitler's leadership, the Nazis killed millions of Jewish people


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[Assistant] As well as members of many other ethnic and political minority groups. To escape prison and death, some Jewish families went into hiding.


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[Assistant] They hid in caves or barns or under the floorboards of a friend's house. They had to be very secretive and quiet, often for days at a time.


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[Assistant] In the Netherlands, a Jewish girl named Anne Frank and her family secretly moved into the building where her father worked.


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[Assistant] The price for helping someone wanted by the Nazis was death. In spite of this,


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[Assistant] Co-workers of Anne's father helped the Frank family hide in the back of the building. When they left their home,


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[Assistant] Anne and her family wore several layers of clothing because they did not want to be seen carrying suitcases into her father's work building.


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[Assistant] She and her family lived there for two years until they were captured. After World War II ended, the whole world


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[Assistant] Was horrified to learn of the full extent of the Nazi persecution of innocent people. People everywhere.


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[Assistant] We're deeply moved by the publication of Anne Frank's diary.


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[Assistant] Perhaps the most famous words from her diary are, in spite of everything.


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[Assistant] World War II greatly affected almost every country in the world, and so many terrible things happened, that it is hard to fully comprehend its horrors.


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[Assistant] But over time, one young girl's diary has helped people to grieve.


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[Assistant] This is Mary Pope Osborne. We hope you have enjoyed this unabridged production of Magic Treehouse Super Edition Book Number 1, World at War, 1944.


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[Assistant] Previously published as Danger in the Darkest Hour.


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[Assistant] This program was directed by Lewis Milgram, executive producer Orly Moskowitz.


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[Assistant] Text Copyright 2015 by Mary Pope Osborne Production Copyright 2015 Penguin Random House LLC All Rights Reserved


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[Assistant] One would sit upstairs in his little office there.


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[Assistant] And, uh, I would bring up the name of a company and most of the time he knew much more than I did about the company. He'd know how many shares were outstanding. He'd know the capitalization. He'd know the earnings. It was absolutely incredible. I mean, when Warren said something, it meant a heck of a lot. And I think all of us paid a lot of attention to Warren when he took a definite stand on something.


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[Assistant] You're not buying an asset, you're buying a name, you're buying a brand, you're buying a real franchise here. And Charlie was more responsible for that than anybody.


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[Assistant] There was a time Warren was getting criticized.


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[Assistant] Here was this very, very rich man who was getting richer every year and really wasn't giving a lot of money away. And there was terrific criticism by some people, which Warren never said anything about.


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[Assistant] He wanted to have an outstanding reputation, that he never really upset the apple cart when he bought a business, that he kept the management in place.


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[Assistant] He was establishing a reputation that paid off later in life. It's been building and building ever since I've known him.


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[Assistant] Warren and Charlie went on the board, and Charlie couldn't stand what was going on there, and didn't like the culture at all. And uh, shortly after they got involved, the thing exploded.


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[Assistant] 24 hours to make up his mind as whether he was gonna go forward or just bow out.


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[Assistant] And I think at that point, Solomon Brothers could have gone into bankruptcy. And Warren stepped up and took responsibility.


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[Assistant] Berkshire shares have increased more than 2000% in value. One of the largest market capitalizations in the world, and it could grow a lot larger, since Warren Buffett shows no sign of slowing down.


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[Assistant] A remarkable decision tonight from one of the richest men in the world. Mega billionaire Warren Buffett says he is giving away most of his fortune to charity.


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[Assistant] A wand? Well you want Ollivanders, there ain't no place better. Why don't you run along there and wait? I just got one more thing I got to do, won't be long.


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[Assistant] Ryan, your dad and I want you to start doing some chores. But I already tidy up my room. Isn't that enough? You also need to do chores around the house. The whole family must contribute to how the household runs. When children help out, chores get done sooner. This frees up time for the family to do fun things together.


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[Assistant] Let's start with putting dirty clothes in the hamper, watering the plants, and taking out the trash. Okay, what else? How about setting and clearing the dining room table? Is that all? And loading and unloading the dishwasher.


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[Assistant] All of these things every day? No, I want you to share these chores with Leticia. You can both decide which ones you want to do.


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[Assistant] On the top rack, we must put the bowls, cups, mugs, and glasses facing down. So the water will drain out. We need to leave space between the glasses and other items.


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[Assistant] Because the water can cause the glasses to bang together and crack.


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[Assistant] The bottom rack should be used for plates, large bowls, pots and pans.


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[Assistant] No, we shouldn't overload the dishwasher. Why not?


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[Assistant] A dishwasher is less effective if it's crammed full of stuff. The dishes will not come out clean. We can wash the items that are left out by hand.


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[Assistant] Add the tablet with the red ball facing up and close the drawer.


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[Assistant] Now let's choose the eco program and press start.


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[Assistant] And I also need some mangoes, lemons, and avocados, and two rolls of paper towels.


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[Assistant] Cover the potatoes with water and add a generous pinch of salt. Bring them to a boil and cook for 30 minutes.


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[Assistant] In a large bowl combine ground turkey, breadcrumbs, one onion, parsley,


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[Assistant] Two eggs, garlic, basil, oregano, one teaspoon salt and half teaspoon pepper. Then mix well.


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[Assistant] Shape the mixture into balls and carefully place them in the hot pan. Fry the meatballs until brown on all sides. That's it!


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[Assistant] We must drain them and then use a potato masher to mash the potatoes.


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[Assistant] Pour over some warm milk, then add a little butter and sour cream.


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[Assistant] Sit down everybody, dinner's ready. The first thing that we need to do is put our napkin on our laps.


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[Assistant] You need to wait to start your soup until everybody got served.


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[Assistant] Lily, don't chew with your mouth open. Sorry, Mom.


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[Assistant] Don't just get up and leave, it's not polite. Always ask to be excused when finished.


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[Assistant] Well don't worry, I'm going to call the bus depot and ask them if the bus driver left the book there by any chance.


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[Assistant] Yeah, but I'm not surprised to be honest. They didn't show up last week either. I was pretty angry though.


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[Assistant] Anyway, I called them and they said that they'd definitely be here next Monday.


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[Assistant] I told them if they didn't show up next time, I'd cancel the order.


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[Assistant] And then my laptop crashed while I was on the internet and I couldn't work anymore.


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[Assistant] Then Brian's teacher called me and said he was caught fighting during the break.


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[Assistant] Thanks for watching, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos like this.


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[Assistant] I had a lot of ambition and I think my brother Warren got a lot of his extreme competitiveness from my mother, actually.


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[Assistant] Finly traded securities that were incredibly cheap statistically.


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[Assistant] I thought atmospheric refraction is the bending of my body due to Earth's atmosphere.


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[Assistant] Because personally, I'm fond of spherical shapes as compared to squares.


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[Assistant] You know what? Everything just went over my head.


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[Assistant] I know. Resonance means to keep calm and balanced.


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[Assistant] URGH! Do you wanna say that my brand new boat has a rough texture?


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[Assistant] So, should we use a big umbrella to protect ourselves from these particles?


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[Assistant] It's only when the battles are over that true reform for the world will be found. You can make contact with them now. I'll take care of it, my mistress.


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[Assistant] Hi guys! Can you guess the title of my next video?


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[Assistant] Hurry up! Write your guess in the comment section below.


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[Assistant] Who's got the most hundred dollar bills these days? Well his name is Warren Buffett in this country, and he has just displaced his friend Bill Gates as the richest businessman in the world.


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[Assistant] I have a few start of term notices I wish to announce. The first years, please note


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[Assistant] The dark forest is strictly forbidden to all students. Also, our caretaker, Mr. Filch, has asked me to remind you that the third floor corridor on the right hand side is out of bounds.


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[Assistant] To everyone who does not wish to die a most painful death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a few start of term notices I wish to announce. The first years, please note


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To everyone who does not wish to die a most painful death.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have a few start of term notices I wish to announce. The first years, please note


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The dark forest is strictly forbidden to all students. Also, our caretaker, Mr. Filch, has asked me to remind you that the third floor corridor on the right hand side is out of bounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To everyone who does not wish to die a most painful death.


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[Assistant] Oh, c'è melodie! Vai!


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[Assistant] So this is the man, the Gundam pilot you've been holding here for the last four years.


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[Assistant] Later, could you update me on our current fighting strength and our present situation? Please.


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[Assistant] I have a few problems at work, and I don't know how to deal with them.


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[Assistant] Well, first of all, Kimberly was going to give a very important presentation tomorrow.


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[Assistant] But she says she's ill and isn't going to be able to do it.


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[Assistant] I think she's just gotten cold feet, as it's for such an important client. Feeling a bit ill was just the perfect excuse for her. I'd do it myself, but I'm busy with meetings all day.


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[Assistant] The next problem is that personal belongings have been going missing from people's desks during the day.


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[Assistant] Well, it just dawned on me that the thefts have always happened on the top floor. So it couldn't be anyone who never goes up there. That actually rules out quite a lot of people.


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[Assistant] I have a friend coming in from out of town and I promised to show her the sights. So I'm afraid I can't help you.


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[Assistant] Please have a sit Maggie. Thank you. Now, what seems to be the trouble? Well, I've been very stressed and down lately. The stress has taken a toll on my personal life. I don't seem to have a social life anymore.


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[Assistant] And I'm scared that he'll give me the sack if I don't get everything done on time.


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[Assistant] Hmm, that's not good. Have you considered changing your job? Yes, I have. I've been searching for another job.


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[Assistant] But there's just nothing available right now. And I really do need the job.


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[Assistant] While in that case, perhaps you should talk to your boss and ask to cut down on the hours you work. I'm afraid he would never agree to that.


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[Assistant] If you really wanna beat stress, the best thing you can do is make more time for yourself.


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[Assistant] You need to make sure you use that time to do something just for you. To help you relax and put your problems aside. I see. Well, it's true, I don't have much free time at the moment. When I'm not at work, I have to take care of my two children. Why don't you consider daycare for your children? That might be the answer to your problem. I suppose I could do something like that.


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[Assistant] My advice to you would be to try to take things easier for a while. Cut down on the overtime. Put your children in daycare. Oh, and try to find time to relax. I'll try that and see how it goes. Well, thank you for your advice.


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[Assistant] No problem. I hope things start to get easier for you.


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[Assistant] The other day I was walking along the street and this man came up and said hello. And I had no idea who he was.


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[Assistant] What about dates? Do you remember people's birthdays, that kind of thing?


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[Assistant] It happened quite recently that we were talking about books and I'd read an excellent novel and I wish I'd remembered the name because I wanted to recommend a book. But I just couldn't remember it.


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[Assistant] Well, to be honest, I've always thought she was a little difficult. But these days I find her impossible. What do you mean?


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[Assistant] Oh, you know how she is. She has such strong ideas about everything, and if you don't agree with her, she lets you know what she thinks of you.


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[Assistant] Yes, that's true. She is very blunt. Very straightforward. She never tries to hide her feelings. That's why we love her, right?


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[Assistant] Well, it's good to be straightforward as long as you don't hurt people, don't you think? She's changed a lot since she started college.


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[Assistant] She talks about herself all the time and she always manages to mention how good she is at everything she does. Hmm, maybe I won't call her after all.


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[Assistant] Well, I was worried at first, especially when I saw that he rode a huge motorcycle.


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[Assistant] I thought that he might turn out to be a weird guy with whom I'd had nothing in common. And he's just a regular kind of guy? Yes he is. We got along really well. I'm glad you liked him. What does he look like? He's pretty tall with dark hair and brown eyes. What was he wearing? He was wearing a black leather jacket and jeans. How old is he?


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[Assistant] He's 22. And he's really funny. He had me laughing hysterically at the coffee shop. So are you two gonna get together again? Definitely. In fact, we're going to the party together. That's great!


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[Assistant] Well you see here on this label, it says wash in cold water only.


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[Assistant] Hmm. It's Exia. Gundam Exia.


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[Assistant] Hmm? I guess so. A little bit.


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[Assistant] It's common knowledge that all the Meisters are men.


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[Assistant] I'm also being tossed hither and yon in his little games.


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[Assistant] And I couldn't see how to get down, but Sula showed me the foot stepper. If you get stuck, you need some help, and then you can get down by yourself.


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[Assistant] I can't. Fighting only brings more fighting. If I reclaimed Azotistan by force, do you actually think that would bring happiness to everyone? So we should just grin and bear it? Are you forgetting our homeland was stolen from us? Cheering, I just think...


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[Assistant] How you must have felt when you lost your homeland, Krugis.


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[Assistant] So we have to do our best to think up ways for people to get along.


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[Assistant] Hmm. That was good. What else do you think people should do?


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[Assistant] But even with all that, there are still people out there who are dying for no good reason. I don't believe that's the way the world is meant to be.


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[Assistant] When I met Saji, when I met him, I felt that he, even now he's still thinking of you.


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[Assistant] I knew. I knew that another personality existed inside you.


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[Assistant] That's right, but right now I'm no longer Soma Pyrrhus. I'm Marie. Marie Parfassi.


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[Assistant] Round the corner, not far away, Bing and Sula are gardening today.


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[Assistant] Hello, nosy. He looks like a very happy potato.


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[Assistant] It's true then. What they're saying on the train. Harry Potter has come to Hogwarts.


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[Assistant] Think my name's funny, do you? No need to ask you yours. Red hair, and a hand-me-down robe. You must be a Weasley.


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[Assistant] You'll soon find out that some wizarding families are better than others Potter. You don't want to go making friends with the wrong sort.


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[Assistant] It's true then. What they're saying on the train. Harry Potter has come to Hogwarts. This is Crabbe and Goyle. And I'm Malfoy. Draco Malfoy.


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[Assistant] Think my name's funny, do you? No need to ask you yours. Red hair, and a hand-me-down robe. You must be a Weasley.


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[Assistant] You'll soon find out that some wizarding families are better than others, Potter. You don't want to go making friends with the wrong sort. I can help you there.


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[Assistant] It's true then. What they're saying on the train. Harry Potter has come to Hogwarts.


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[Assistant] Think my name's funny, do you? No need to ask you yours. Red hair, and a hand-me-down robe. You must be a Weasley.


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[Assistant] You'll soon find out that some wizarding families are better than others Potter. You don't want to go making friends with the wrong sort.


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[Assistant] This is Saji Crossroad.


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[Assistant] Something else? I'll be escorting Marina Ismail back to the country of Azadistan.


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[Assistant] Then let me have the use of this craft. You can use the Gundam.


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[Assistant] That's ridiculous. The security forces will come. It's possible the Federation could intervene, using you as an excuse.


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[Assistant] A reason to fight. In the past I would have dismissed it.


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[Assistant] What? Is this true? I'll issue the orders immediately.


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[Assistant] If we left it to that naive woman, she'd be sure to mess this up.


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[Assistant] And there's a very good chance the Gundams are there too.


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[Assistant] So, the allies know where the dissidents are.


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[Assistant] I understand. I'll let T-Area and the others know.


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[Assistant] Lesson 23. Birdflight. First listen and then answer the following question. What are the two main types of birdflight described by the author?


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[Assistant] No two sorts of birds practice quite the same sort of flight. The varieties are infinite. But two classes may be roughly seen


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[Assistant] Any ship that crosses the Pacific is accompanied for many days by the smaller albatross, which may keep company with the vessel for an hour without visible or more than occasional movement of wing.


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[Assistant] The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in the line of its course, are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficient sustenance and progress.


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[Assistant] The Albatross is the king of the gliders, the class of fliers which harness the air to their purpose, but must yield to its opposition.


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[Assistant] In the contrary school, the duck is supreme. It comes nearer to the engines with which man has, conquered, the air, as he boasts.


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[Assistant] Duck, and like them the pigeons, are endowed with steel-like muscles, that are a good part of the weight of the bird, and these will ply the short wings with such irresistible power that they can bore for long distances through an opposing gale before exhaustion follows.


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[Assistant] Their humbler followers, such as partridges, have a like power of strong propulsion, but soon tire


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[Assistant] You may pick them up in utter exhaustion, if wind over the sea has driven them to a long journey.


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[Assistant] The swallow shares the virtues of both schools in highest measure. It tires not, nor does it boast of its power, but belongs to the air, traveling it maybe 6,000 miles to and from its northern nesting home.


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[Assistant] Feeding its flown young as it flies, and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage even when the wind is adverse


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[Assistant] Such birds do us good, though we no longer take omens from their flight on this side and that, and even the most superstitious villagers no longer take off their hats to the magpie and wish it good morning.


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[Assistant] This is just nuts! Not even in our wildest dreams did we expect this from the Twin Drive. This thing's absolutely amazing!


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[Assistant] And this woman is cooperating with the bastard who killed my brothers.


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[Assistant] How about this one? Panda. It's a panda.


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[Assistant] What's inside the bubble? Pfft, piano. It's a piano! It's a grand piano.


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[Assistant] Not bad, Potter. You'd make a fair beater.


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[Assistant] Not bad, Potter. You'd make a fair beater.


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[Assistant] Not bad, Potter. You'd make a fair beater.


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[Assistant] Oh, Rama, why do you plow every day? This land has not given you a single crop since years now. You should sell this land and buy a good land somewhere else. Oh, brother, this land


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[Assistant] My name is Filippo Bogliano, and I live in northern Italy.


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[Assistant] My home is on the southern slopes of the Alps in a city called Turin, which is also on the Po River.


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[Assistant] Many people travel here to trade with the local merchants for all kinds of products.


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[Assistant] Some buy red wine, while others come for a nutty chocolate.


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[Assistant] Baturin is best known for its cheese. How do I know this? Because I am a casaro, an expert cheese maker.


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[Assistant] My family first came to this area from France in 1745 when I was just a year old.


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[Assistant] Then, my father herded cattle in the mountains and sold fresh milk. But this was hard work and did not pay very well.


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[Assistant] My father soon discovered that the casaros who bought his milk made a very nice living. So he decided that when I was old enough, I would learn the cheese making trade. When I reached the age of 11, my father sent me to live with one of the most respected casaros in Turin.


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[Assistant] This man was glad to be my mentor, since my father had taught me so much about milk already.


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[Assistant] I was an apprentice for five years, and I learned everything there was to know about making cheese. I quickly realized that no two batches of cheese are alike, just as no pail of fresh milk is exactly the same as another.


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[Assistant] I also learned that even a small change in the cheese making process can result in a completely different kind of cheese.


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[Assistant] Now I am 22 and I have my own business, which keeps my whole family busy. My mother and father sell our cheese in the marketplace. My two brothers tend the cows and my wife Magda manages the household. We all work together because making cheese is difficult work.


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[Assistant] Several kinds of cheese are made in this region of Italy, but Gorgonzola is my favorite, because this white, creamy cheese with blue veins has a sharp, tangy flavor.


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[Assistant] It is the most famous cheese in Turin and my specialty.


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[Assistant] Legend has it that Gorgonzola was discovered by accident by an apprentice Casaro who was very much in love.


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[Assistant] He was late for a meeting with his girlfriend, but he had not finished his work.


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[Assistant] So he dumped his unfinished cheese into a pail of fresh milk that a herdsman had brought in.


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[Assistant] Later, the mixture hardened, became moldy, and turned greenish-blue. But the Kasaro didn't want to throw it away.


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[Assistant] So he sold it anyway and his customers loved it. Gorgonzola cheese was born.


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[Assistant] To be honest though, making this wonderful cheese takes talent and patience.


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[Assistant] Every evening, after our herd comes down from the alpine meadows, my brothers milk the cows and bring the milk into my workshop.


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[Assistant] Rennet is an acidic enzyme, a natural chemical produced in a calf's stomach.


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[Assistant] It turns the milk into a curd, a thickened milk paste, and separates the curd from the whey, a thin and yellowish liquid. In fact, this action is called turning the milk.


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[Assistant] On the morning of the second day, I make another curd from the morning milking.


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[Assistant] Then in the afternoon, I combine the curd from the first day with the curd from the second day.


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[Assistant] I put the fresh curd on the bottom and sides of the pail, and the older curd in the center.


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[Assistant] Next, I gently knead the curd with my hands, smoothing it out and remove it from the pail.


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[Assistant] Then I shaped the cheese into a circular shape called a round.


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[Assistant] Many types of cheese are made in this way and cheese can be made in rounds of any size. Some are small and some are quite large. I make about three rounds a day and flip them over frequently to drain the remaining whey out of the curd.


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[Assistant] Most days, there is no time to go back to the house for breakfast or lunch, so Magda brings pasta to my workshop. She doesn't like to come here very much because she thinks that the cheese is too stinky.


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[Assistant] She says that gorgonzola smells like dirty socks. She's right. It does smell pretty bad. But I'm so used to it now that it doesn't bother me. I just think about how good it will taste.


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[Assistant] The final step is to add sea salt to the rounds of curd over a period of five days to firm them up. Then the rounds are ready to be ripened, and my brothers and I take all the rounds to a nearby cave.


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[Assistant] We stack them on tall wooden racks like books on a library shelf. And as they go through the aging process, I return to the cave often to flip the rounds over. This keeps the rounds firm and hard as they age.


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[Assistant] Our caves in northern Italy have the perfect temperature and humidity for ripening the cheese.


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[Assistant] These special caves also have a mole that grows in them.


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[Assistant] It attaches itself to the ripening cheese and, like magic, causes the blue and green veins to appear in the cheese in about three weeks.


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[Assistant] We have to let the gorgonzola ripen for at least three months before it is ready to eat. Younger cheese tastes sweeter and is softer.


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[Assistant] Rounds that are aged more than six months are harder and have a spicy flavor.


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[Assistant] Older Gorgonzola that is aged for a year is more valuable, so we mostly make this kind.


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[Assistant] When the cheese rounds are ready, my brothers carry them to the wagon so that my mother and father can take them to the market the next day. At our stall, Bogliano's Gorgonzola, everyone can stop and taste our cheese, drink a little wine, and talk about the lovely weather.


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[Assistant] Oh, I wish I could eat and talk with our customers. But I must stay behind to clean up the caves and watch over the next batch of cheese as it ages. My cheese making work never ends, but I love it.


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[Assistant] In 1593, an innkeeper named Maria Hull found herself accused of witchcraft. She was arrested for questioning and denied the charges.


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[Assistant] She continued to insist she wasn't a witch through 62 rounds of torture before her accusers finally released her.


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[Assistant] Rebecca Lemp, accused a few years earlier in the same town, faced a worse fate. She wrote to her husband from jail, worrying that she would confess under torture, even though she was innocent. After giving a false confession, she was burned at the stake in front of her family.


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[Assistant] Hull and Lemp were both victims of the witch hunts that occurred in Europe and the American colonies from the late 15th century until the early 18th century.


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[Assistant] These witch hunts were not a unified initiative by a single authority, but rather a phenomenon that occurred sporadically and followed a similar pattern each time.


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[Assistant] The term witch has taken on many meanings, but in these hunts, a witch was someone who allegedly gained magical powers by obeying Satan rather than God.


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[Assistant] This definition of witchcraft spread through churches in Western Europe, starting at the end of the 15th century.


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[Assistant] It really gained traction after the Pope gave a friar and professor of theology


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[Assistant] named Heinrich Cremer permission to conduct inquisitions in search of witches in 1485. His first, in the town of Innsbruck, didn't gain much traction with the local authorities, who disapproved of his harsh questioning of respectable citizens and shut down his trials.


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[Assistant] Undeterred, he wrote a book called the Malleus Maleficarum, or Hammer of Witches.


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[Assistant] The text argued for the existence of witches and suggested ruthless tactics for hunting and prosecuting them. He singled out women as easier targets for the devil's influence, though men could also be witches.


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[Assistant] Kramer's book spurred others to write their own books and give sermons on the dangers of witchcraft. According to these texts, witches practice rituals including kissing the devil's anus and poisoning or bewitching targets the devil singled out for harm.


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[Assistant] Though there was no evidence to support any of these claims, belief in witches became widespread.


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[Assistant] A witch hunt often began with a misfortune, a failed harvest, a sick cow, or a stillborn child.


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[Assistant] Community members blamed witchcraft and accused each other of being witches.


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[Assistant] Many of the accused were people on the fringes of society. The elderly, the poor, or social outcasts.


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[Assistant] But any member of the community could be targeted, even occasionally children.


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[Assistant] While religious authorities encourage witch hunts, local secular governments usually carried out the detainment and punishment of accused witches.


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[Assistant] Those suspected of witchcraft were questioned and often tortured, and under torture, thousands of innocent people confessed to witchcraft and implicated others in turn.


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[Assistant] Because these witch hunts occurred sporadically over centuries and continents, the specifics varied considerably.


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[Assistant] Punishments for convicted witches range from small fines to burning at the stake.


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[Assistant] The hunt in which Holl and Lemp were accused dragged on for nine years, while others lasted just months. They could have anywhere from a few to a few hundred victims. The motivations of the witch hunters probably varied as well.


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[Assistant] But it seems likely that many weren't consciously looking for scapegoats. Instead, they sincerely believed in witchcraft and thought they were doing good by rooting it out in their communities.


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[Assistant] Institutions of power enabled real harm to be done on the basis of these beliefs.


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[Assistant] But there were dissenters all along. Jurists, scholars, and physicians countered books like Kramer's Hammer of Witches with texts objecting to the cruelty of the hunts, the use of forced confessions, and the lack of evidence of witchcraft.


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[Assistant] From the late 17th through the mid 18th century, their arguments gained force with the rise of stronger central governments and legal norms like due process, which hunting slowly declined until it disappeared altogether.


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[Assistant] Both the onset and demise of these atrocities came gradually out of seemingly ordinary circumstances.


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[Assistant] The potential for similar situations in which authorities use their powers to mobilize society against a false threat still exists today. But so does the capacity of reasoned dissent to combat those false beliefs.


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[Assistant] In the 1950s, a modern-day witch hunt took place in the United States. Check out this lesson on McCarthyism to learn more about how government officials aggressively attempted to expose suspected communists.


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[Assistant] Lesson 25. Non auditory effects of noise. First listen and then answer the following question. What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?


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[Assistant] Many people in industry and the services who have practical experience of noise regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time.


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[Assistant] They are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people


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[Assistant] On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society


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[Assistant] This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause


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[Assistant] And it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science


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[Assistant] One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress.


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[Assistant] She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck


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[Assistant] On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital.


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[Assistant] Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect


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[Assistant] Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom?


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[Assistant] Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbors were combining to slander her and persecute her. And yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.


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[Assistant] What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are


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[Assistant] Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers. The study was known as Project Anaheem


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[Assistant] But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects


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[Assistant] This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies. If there is any effect of noise upon mental health, it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it


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[Assistant] That does not prove that it does not exist. But it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage. Which really is a mental health hazard.


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[Assistant] Right, the three ingredients I picked. Lemons, because they so remind me of my childhood, there was always a lemon tree in the backyard. Tarragon, I love it for that aniseed flavour.


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[Assistant] The next dish we'd like to taste belongs to TESSA!


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[Assistant] Tim, that puree for me I love as well. The shards of chicken skin are waste. Leave the skin on the breast and focus in on that puree which you nailed already, you definitely would have been at the top.


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[Assistant] It's the type of dessert I want to end on after I've had some incredible chicken dinners. Anushka, that's ripping cooking. Well done. Thank you.


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[Assistant] That's right, there's a black apron in there guys. This is a surprise elimination. Today, one of you is going home.


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[Assistant] One thing I'm gonna tell you guys, don't be scared of that black apron, embrace it. This is the first time you're wearing it, yes. Will it be the last time? No! You shouldn't be scared of that black apron.


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[Assistant] Something I've never tasted before in terms of a combination and I'm thrilled. You are another ripper.


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[Assistant] Now that was a challenge. All black mystery box, surprise elimination, double whammy.


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[Assistant] One of you is about to go home and three of you


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[Assistant] We'll go into tomorrow's pressure test.


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[Assistant] You have no choice. Another mystery box. I was really pumping myself up for an open pantry for an invention test.


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[Assistant] I quickly think of maybe using some of the twill or something to put the sorbet on. So grab a piece of twill and grind that up and I've made a soil.


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[Assistant] I'm cooking eggplant tahini puree, some tahini crackers and roasted tomato.


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[Assistant] Are you married? No, I'm still single. Do you have any brothers or sisters? Yes, I have two brothers and one sister. What do you do in your free time? Well, I love cooking and I like going to the movie theater.


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[Assistant] Do you have a car? No, I don't. I pretty much take the train or bus wherever I go. What's your future dream? Hmm, someday I'd like to open up my own restaurant.


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[Assistant] What are some things you like or dislike? Things I like or dislike? Well, I really love basketball. That's my favorite sport. And, let's see. I like playing golf too, but not as much as basketball.


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[Assistant] My first job was working in a restaurant, washing up plates and pots at the age of 16. Do you live alone? No, I don't have a house right now. I'm living with my parents. Okay, what is something you want to buy? A car. One that works.


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[Assistant] What's something you do well? I can cook very well, and I'm hoping to become a chef someday.


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[Assistant] What's a place you want to visit someday? France. Cause that's where my dad was born. And I want to go see my family.


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[Assistant] Listen, I'm on my way to the cafeteria now. I have about 20 minutes before my English class starts. Are you free?


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[Assistant] I've been very busy doing schoolwork. I've been studying a lot.


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[Assistant] Um, what are you doing this Friday? Do you want to go out to eat and then do a movie or something? This Friday? Yes.


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[Assistant] Yes, I'm free. That sounds fine. How about six o'clock on Saturday?


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[Assistant] And then go straight and the library will be on your left. And the bus stop is right in front of the library.


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[Assistant] Well she was walking along the street when she fell over.


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[Assistant] Hey Tom, are you still coming on Tuesday night? Why? What's happening on Tuesday night? We're going to the movie theater to watch a comedy, remember?


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[Assistant] Oh, yeah, it completely slipped my mind. I'm really sorry, but I can't make it. Are you serious? But we planned it two weeks ago! I know, but something's come up. I will have to look after my little sister. Can we do it another time? Well, I suppose so.


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[Assistant] How about next week instead? Is Thursday any good for you? Yes, that's fine with me. Great. I'm sorry about Tuesday, Danny. Oh, don't worry.


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[Assistant] Violet? Where's my suitcase?


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[Assistant] Oh great. And do you know where my keys are?


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[Assistant] Oh yes, thanks. Bye sweetheart.


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[Assistant] Can you sing? I think I would have to say no. I'm not a very good singer. Can you ice skate? Oh yeah, I can ice skate. I used to play hockey. Hockey? Cool. Can you draw? No, I can't draw at all. No talent. Okay. Can you play golf? No, I can't. I've never played, but I'd like to.


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[Assistant] Can you drive a bus? No, I can't. I think that would be pretty hard. Yeah, I agree. Can you skateboard? Yes, I can. I used to skateboard to work, to school, just about everywhere I went.


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[Assistant] Good evening. Can I have a single room for two nights, please?


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[Assistant] Here you go. By the way, is it possible to use the internet here?


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[Assistant] I am full of curiosity and armed with tools that have served mariners for years and years and the latest charts. This is the opportunity I've been working for.


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[Assistant] I first set foot on a ship at age 12 when, without warning, my father took me to the docks and set me up as an apprentice on a ship.


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[Assistant] I came from a big family and my father could not afford to feed everyone.


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[Assistant] So, over the next 20 years, I learned everything about sailing. I swabbed the decks and polished the brass.


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[Assistant] I learned how to rig the sails, navigate and steer the ship.


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[Assistant] Climbing the rigging like a monkey to set the sails was more than a job for me. It was the most fun I ever had.


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[Assistant] The reign of Prince Henry of Portugal is an exciting time to be a mariner.


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[Assistant] Henry's goal is to find a sea route to India by heading south along the west coast of Africa.


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[Assistant] A man of science, Prince Henry wants to find a faster route to trade for spices and precious metals from the East, to spread Christianity, and perhaps even to discover new fishing grounds.


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[Assistant] The port of Lagos is close to Prince Henry's Villa, where I had dinner a few nights ago and met cartographers, astrologers, navigators, and other explorers.


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[Assistant] It was an inspiring evening and I came to understand Henry's plan.


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[Assistant] Among the tools I use to navigate are the Nocturnal, the Astrolabe, and the Mariner's Compass.


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[Assistant] The Nocturnal allows me to determine the time at night. I locate the Big Dipper, stars, and an easy to see constellation.


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[Assistant] Then, I swing the long arm of the nocturnal until it lines up with the Big Dipper's pointer stars and read the time.


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[Assistant] With the astrolabe, I find my position by measuring how high the noon sun is over the horizon.


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[Assistant] From that measurement, I can determine latitude. How far north or south our ship is from the equator.


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[Assistant] My Mariner's Compass has a magnetized needle that points north, which also helps me determine my position, along with my sea charts, of course.


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[Assistant] These charts have lines that have been drawn to show the direction of the winds, as well as descriptions of landmarks, which I also use to figure out where I am.


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[Assistant] I keep a record of the time I sail on each bearing, direction on the compass.


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[Assistant] With this method, my tools and my years of experience, I navigate with certainty on the open seas.


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[Assistant] Seven years ago, I was the first mate on a ship that discovered the Azores Islands.


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[Assistant] Having no land in sight was worrisome since I couldn't rely on our sea charts, but the results were well worth it. Discovering a new land.


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[Assistant] Tomorrow, we will sail south along the African coast.


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[Assistant] My ship, a caravel, carries different types of sails, which will allow us to maneuver easily and quickly in the wind.


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[Assistant] Long, thin, and shallow, the caravel is exceptional for exploring the coasts.


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[Assistant] It has taken time to assemble my crew of 20, but they are ready.


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[Assistant] These young sailors are apprehensive, but their curiosity and sense of adventure overcome their fear.


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[Assistant] The older men are experienced and because of this they know the sea is unforgiving. They realize the weather can change in a moment.


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[Assistant] One morning, the sky can be blue and the sea calm, but by noon, a storm might arise, creating giant waves that can capsize any ship.


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[Assistant] Others believe we will reach the edge of the earth and fall off, or that monsters lurk in the deep, just waiting for an unsuspecting ship.


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[Assistant] I respect their fears because in fact I am not immune to them now that I have a family of my own.


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[Assistant] I tell the crew of my pride in being on the first ship to sight the Azores, and how this trip will be just as memorable.


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[Assistant] But in the end, I release anyone who is hesitant.


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[Assistant] And so my crew is mostly young, with a few adventurous old sailors who will help me guide us to safe harbors.


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[Assistant] Will we come back triumphant with charts of new shores to add to Prince Henry's fame? Or will we never be heard from again?


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[Assistant] Who knows? It could be the beginning of the end of everything.


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[Assistant] Yes Hermione, I think this is gonna be exactly like Wizard Jess.


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[Assistant] You understand right, Harry. Once I make my move, the Queen will take me.


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[Assistant] Yes Hermione, I think this is gonna be exactly like Wizard Jess.


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[Assistant] Well, white moves first. And then...


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[Assistant] Yes Hermione, I think this is gonna be exactly like Wizard Jess.


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[Assistant] I remember looking at the clouds while lying on the grass at our family farm near Cherkessk, a city in the Caucasus Mountains in the Soviet Union.


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[Assistant] I'd lie there between my regular chores and my father would say, Alexei Samyadov, you are a lazy boy!


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[Assistant] But I wasn't lazy. I was planning my future.


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[Assistant] I knew one day I would fly among the clouds higher and higher, and maybe even reach the stars.


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[Assistant] I needed to study hard and get in good physical shape to be a pilot.


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[Assistant] So I made sure my grades were near perfect. And I ran fast around the boundary fence of our farm every day.


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[Assistant] In the Soviet Union, our compulsory education lasts 11 years. And after that, I was accepted at the Sarapul Air Force Academy.


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[Assistant] For four years, I learned about the physics of flight, airplane mechanics, aviation navigation, weather variability.


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[Assistant] Everything I would need to become a successful pilot.


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[Assistant] And of course I actually flew planes. At first with an instructor and eventually solo.


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[Assistant] In 1947, when I was 20 years old, I attended the Borossoglypsk Military Aviation School, where I learned to fly the new Soviet fighter jets like the MiG-9 and the Yak-15.


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[Assistant] I was taught how to make tight turns and eject from my plane in case of trouble.


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[Assistant] After graduating, I became a test pilot, and flew one of the first MiG-15 fighter planes.


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[Assistant] The most technologically advanced fighter in the world at that time.


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[Assistant] After World War II, as rocket science developed, both the Soviet Union and the United States began a space race. An exciting competition to put humans into space.


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[Assistant] The U.S. program was called Project Mercury, and the Soviet program was called the Vostok program.


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[Assistant] In 1957, the Soviet Union put the first Earthling into orbit around Earth, a dog named Lyka, and the race really became serious.


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[Assistant] In 1959 the cosmonaut training center was created in Moscow to teach Soviet pilots how to fly the new spacecraft and survive in space.


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[Assistant] The word cosmonaut means sailor of the universe in Russian, and I was one of the first to apply to become one.


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[Assistant] Thousands of pilots, engineers, and scientists, men and women, applied for the Soviet space program.


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[Assistant] And they had to pass extensive interviews with the director of the center.


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[Assistant] I also had to pass very strict medical examinations and psychological tests.


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[Assistant] Fewer than 1 out of every 100 people that applied were actually chosen and luckily, I made the cut.


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[Assistant] I train in a pressurized space suit to adapt my body to various altitudes.


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[Assistant] First I train at 5 to 6 kilometers, and then at 14 to 15 kilometers.


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[Assistant] When the spacecraft re-enters Earth's atmosphere, cosmonauts have to eject at about 12 kilometers of altitude and descend to Earth with a parachute.


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[Assistant] So I practice jumping from airplanes and landing with a parachute in water and on land.


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[Assistant] I also train with a gimbal rig, a machine that has taught me how to control the spin of a tumbling space capsule.


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[Assistant] My training in a centrifuge, a huge mechanical arm, helps me withstand spinning forward and backward.


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[Assistant] And round and round at differing speeds for up to 13 minutes.


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[Assistant] The centrifuge has accustomed my body to high g-forces. The forces of gravity a cosmonaut experiences during the acceleration and deceleration of spaceflight.


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[Assistant] Roller coaster riders also experience G-forces but at a much lower level.


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[Assistant] The part of the training I like best is learning how to use the control panels in the capsule.


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[Assistant] I've learned how to maintain communication with the space team back on Earth.


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[Assistant] Memorized every part of my spacecraft and practiced what to do in case of an emergency.


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[Assistant] The worst part of the training is being left totally alone for very long periods in an isolation chamber, sometimes up to 10 days.


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[Assistant] My instructors need to test my reactions to being alone and to the lack of outside stimulation.


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[Assistant] I call it the cabin of silence, and being in there is really difficult. At times I don't know if I am awake or asleep.


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[Assistant] Sometimes I pound on the walls of the chamber, sing or talk to myself, just to make sure I can still feel and hear. While in isolation, I think about a lot of things.


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[Assistant] I ask myself, what will happen to my wife and children if I do not come back from a mission? Should I take this risk? These are hard questions to ponder.


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[Assistant] Recently Yuri Gagarin became the first man in history to go up into space. On April 12, 1961, he spent 108 minutes in space and came back safely. Everyone in the world was amazed.


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[Assistant] Quickly, the Americans launched astronauts Alan Shepard in May and Gus Grissom in July. Each mission was a mere 15-minute suborbital flight.


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[Assistant] That August, cosmonaut German Titov, bested the Americans when he took off and spent more than a day in space, circling Earth 17 times.


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[Assistant] Now I am waiting to hear, along with my fellow cosmonauts, who will be chosen to go on the next mission. I hope it will be me.


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[Assistant] My father is proud and so is my wife, but they worry too, because space is a very dangerous place.


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[Assistant] But the galaxy is the last frontier and calls out to us on earth to explore and discover what the universe holds for humanity.


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[Assistant] Hopefully, I will fly there. Just as I dreamed so long ago lying on the grass at the farm and looking up at the stars.


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[Assistant] Oh my god, wow. It's crunch time and I need to fight for it.


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[Assistant] Feeling really nervous. I'm up against Nicole and Yosra. I know they're really good cooks. It's going to be really hard to compete with them. But now it's crunch time and if I want to be in the competition, I need to fight for it.


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[Assistant] Reading the recipe, I'm thinking 2 hours and 15 minutes is not much time to make this dish. There's a lot of frozen element that all needs to be set perfectly before I put the meringue on the top. I'm just going to move fast to get this on the plate.


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[Assistant] Today is a pressure test elimination and we've got two hours and fifteen minutes to create Darren Purchase's Bombay Alaska. The least impressive dish will be going home


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[Assistant] I checked the recipe again, just rethink everything, but I'm not gonna give up. I'm just gonna redo the ice cream.


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[Assistant] I've made Robert Alaska before for my husband's 40th and it was really good.


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[Assistant] So I don't want to let my husband down. If I don't get distracted by all the things that going around me, I can do this dish.


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[Assistant] I feel really relieved. I've got all the element in the dish. Pretty happy about the sorbet and the meringue, but I'm concerned about the salted caramel ice cream because I've did it within 10 minutes. I'm not sure set or right, whether the textures are there. The dish looks really pretty on the plate. Thank you.


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[Assistant] I wouldn't say I'm disappointed, but it is sad that I didn't get to stay in the competition for a long time.


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[Assistant] Maybe not now, but soon when I reach the top there will be.


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[Assistant] No thank you. I would be toooo dizzy if you took me. I may even fall and roll right off.


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[Assistant] Oh, hello. Yes, I have never come so high before. I came here as I wanted to eat the sweet cherries that grow on this tree.


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[Assistant] But I feel very sorry for you as there are only blossoms on the tree. Do not worry. My journey isn't over yet. I still have to climb a little more. Well, goodbye.


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[Assistant] Otherwise, we might end up losing everything, like the crocodile.


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[Assistant] Snape is one of the teachers protecting the stone. He's not about to steal it.


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[Assistant] You heard. Right, come on now, I'm a bit preoccupied today.


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[Assistant] That's right. Wasted bloody time if you ask me. Ain't no one gonna get past Fluffy. Ain't a soul knows how. Except for me and Dumbledore. I shouldn't have told you that. I should not have told you that.


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[Assistant] Snape is one of the teachers protecting the stone. He's not about to steal it.


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[Assistant] I won it. I've a stranger I met down in the pub. Seemed quite glad to be rid of it, as a matter of fact.


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[Assistant] Snape is one of the teachers protecting the stone. He's not about to steal it.


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[Assistant] You heard. Right, come on now, I'm a bit preoccupied today.


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[Assistant] I won it. I have a stranger I met down in the pub. Seemed quite glad to be rid of it, as a matter of fact.


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[Assistant] No, I guess it's Mr. Kruger's punk now. You bastard, you're with the innovators? You got that right. If a mercenary's asked to do a job, he'll go anywhere for the right price.


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[Assistant] Timmy said that no pressure as home cooks. We don't suffer the same pressures that chefs do.


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[Assistant] Today you can't afford to miss a beat. Because you're gonna have to cook exactly like a chef. And not just any chef.


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[Assistant] Sign out right here in Melbourne at the Savoy before making his name in London at the Café Royale.


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[Assistant] Both here and in the USA. It's restaurants.


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[Assistant] In the USA, you have been named amongst the hottest, the best, the most beautiful.


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[Assistant] Please welcome, from Gwen and Maude, in Los Angeles, Kenneth Stiles!


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[Assistant] That's what's exciting about this, there's so many comparison points. The chips, are they crunchy and are they fluffy inside? The cooking of the steak, uhm, the acidity and the texture of the Bernays. Lots of things where they can all succeed or fail, and I think we're going to see a really tight run, just walking down the line.


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[Assistant] Thank you so much. Well done. Thanks.


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[Assistant] In terms of getting there and actually when you were saved a couple of times you dropped way behind.


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[Assistant] You must have been impressed to see Tim haul himself back at us.


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[Assistant] Really credible bananas. And you know, the chips aren't the best, but certainly not the worst. But, is it a winning plate of food? There's nothing on this plate of food where you go, yeah, winner.


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[Assistant] Yeah, the potato's big, the uhm, the, there's a great big flavour in the Bernays. That's the big I really like. But yeah, the Bernays is a knockout. Kind of got everything there.


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[Assistant] We're all really happy, aren't we? They all got pretty much all the elements up.


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[Assistant] I reckon I've got my favourite dish.


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[Assistant] What a fantastic, what a happy day. End of the first week of My Chef Kitchen. No eliminations. And the four of you tasked with keeping up with Curtis. The best dish to win a pin.


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[Assistant] That's a great reward, but the real reward for the four of you is what you've learned today. What you learned in terms of dealing with pressure, what you've learned in terms of helping friends, what you've learned in terms of techniques and tricks from Curtis. That gives you, regardless of the pin, a big advantage over these 20. Well done. Great cook from all four of you.


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[Assistant] I understand. I'll notify all our branches about your intentions. And Celestial Being as well.


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[Assistant] Yes, they've shown that they have the fighting strength to oppose the allies. I think it's more than worthwhile to ask them.


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[Assistant] They would have finally accepted it, and everybody would have admired and respected you for being an honest person. What more do I need to say to get my point across?


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[Assistant] Oh, I see. Okay, I'm going to donate them to someone who needs them.


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[Assistant] Jennifer, you should always turn off the faucet while brushing your teeth or hands to save water. Why do we need to save water, Mom? It helps to preserve our environment. How's that?


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[Assistant] Reducing our water usages reduces the energy required to process and deliver it to homes, which in turn helps to reduce pollution.


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[Assistant] And what else should we do to save energy? We should turn off the lights when leaving a room. And unplug devices when not in use.


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[Assistant] We can also wash clothes at a cooler temperature and with a full load. We can use the stairs instead of the elevators.


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[Assistant] We save our electric bill and the planet at the same time.


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[Assistant] I'll be happy to go, Mom. Can I pick up the grocery I like?


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[Assistant] We need to shop wisely and opt for natural and organic food. We're only going to buy what we need.


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[Assistant] We should buy local food, which consumes less energy, and hence less pollution. This way we are going to shop in an eco-friendly way. Okay, let's go mom, I'm ready. First, let me take a reusable shopping bag.


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[Assistant] You know salespersons work hard, and they are poorly paid. But it's only fifteen dollars, it's not much. It may be little for you, but it's much for him. Come on, you'll feel good about yourself.


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[Assistant] Oh, I guess you're right. It's not fair that I should keep it, I suppose.


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[Assistant] Hey Vivian, do you fancy going to the movie theater tonight? Oh, I'm not in the mood to go anywhere, Angela. That's so unusual. Did something happen?


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[Assistant] After that, it started making random touch inputs and before long it was completely unusable.


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[Assistant] I took the phone to a repair shop, but the repairman said it couldn't be fixed.


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[Assistant] There are too many cars which pollute with their exhaust fumes, especially at rush hour.


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[Assistant] I saw someone throwing some litter out of the window of their car as they were driving past. I shouted after them, but they didn't take any notice of me.


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[Assistant] OMG! Look at that scale! I weigh 68 kilograms! I must start to exercise right away and lose weight. I bet I weigh more than you do. I don't think so. You look slimmer than me.


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[Assistant] Look, I gained three kilograms. I told you I put on weight. That's right, but you still don't weigh more than me. The scale shows 67 kilograms. You know I wasn't serious about that hundred dollars.


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[Assistant] Thanks for watching, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos like this.


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[Assistant] The next dish we'd like to taste belongs to Simon.


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[Assistant] Drying the mint brings out the flavour. Smoking the plums and keeping the texture in them. Whipping that cream to perfection.


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[Assistant] Today's invention test is there to see how quickly you think on your feet.


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[Assistant] To test those nerves. And...


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[Assistant] To test your ability to work together. Because today's invention test sees the return of a MasterChef classic, The Relay.


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[Assistant] You've got so much lamb fat in that sauce. So you need that there just to freshen the dish up and that's what it does. So a really great effort. Well done guys.


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[Assistant] Today was all about featuring for Star Show. But at the end, one team did not manage to do that. And today that team...


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[Assistant] Sorry green team, tomorrow you're in a pressure test and obviously from there one of you will go home. Guys, on that, we'll see you tomorrow. Off you go.