[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And sound places us in time as well because sound always has time embedded in it. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, sonority is time and meaning, a great quote. I said at the beginning we're losing our listening. Why did I say that? Well, there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording. First, writing, then audio recording, and now video recording as well. The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But they turn big public spaces like this shared soundscapes into millions of tiny little personal sound bubbles. In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody. We're becoming impatient.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We don't want oratory anymore, we want soundbites. And the art of conversation is being replaced dangerously, I think, by personal broadcasting. I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the UK.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're becoming desensitized. Our media have to scream at us with these kind of headlines in order to get our attention.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And that means it's harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening. This is not trivial.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because listening is our access to understanding. Conscious listening always creates understanding. And only without conscious listening can these things happen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A world where we don't listen to each other at all is a very scary place indeed.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that? Good. The first one is silence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate so that you can hear the quiet again. If you can't get absolute silence, go for quiet. That's absolutely fine. Second, I call this the mixer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Third, this exercise I call savouring. And this is a beautiful exercise. It's about enjoying mundane sounds. This, for example, is my tumble dryer. It's a waltz.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention. I call that the hidden choir. It's around us all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these. If you just take one thing away, this is listening positions. The idea that you can move your listening position


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To what's appropriate to what you're listening to. This is playing with those filters. You remember I gave you those filters at the beginning? It's starting to play with them as levers to get conscious about them and to move to different places. These are just some of the listening positions or scales of listening positions that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It's very exciting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And finally, an acronym. You can use this in listening in communication. If you're in any one of those roles, and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk. The acronym is Rasa, which is the Sanskrit word for juice or essence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And Rasa stands for receive, which means pay attention to the person, appreciate, making little noises like, oh, okay. Summarize the word so is very important in communication and ask, ask questions afterwards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, sound is my passion, it's my life, I wrote a whole book about it, so I live to listen. That's too much to ask for most people.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully. Connected in space and in time to the physical world around us. Connected in understanding to each other. Not to mention spiritually connected because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why is it not taught? It's crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time, or at least capable of doing that. Now, I don't know how to do that, but this is Ted.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world, a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace. Thank you for listening to me today.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm so sorry. I would have been on time if the traffic hadn't been so bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was so surprised when you called me yesterday and told me you wanted to come to the gym with me. I think that's fantastic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And I know that if you eat too many sweets, you gain weight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eat lots of fruits and vegetables. You'll not get enough vitamins if you don't eat fresh fruit.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wouldn't drink package juice if I were you. It has lots of sugar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, workout, lots of fruits and veggies, no junk food. What else should I do? You need to get enough rest if you want to stay healthy. Do you get enough sleep? I'm afraid not.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I sleep only five or six hours a night. I watch TV until very late because I'm not sleepy at all. Do you still drink cola in the evening? Yes, I do.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I were to act in a movie, I would like it to be an action movie. The only problem is that my dad is not supportive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He said that if I became an actress he would be very disappointed. Oh, I'm very sorry to hear that. What would you do if you were in my place? Well if I were you I would try to change his mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If I'd had any acting skills, I would have considered becoming an actress too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So what are you going to do after you graduate high school? I would like to become an air hostess.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But if I traveled so much, I wouldn't have time for my family. I want to get married one day and have kids. How could I take care of my kids if I were not home? You would have many days off, so that you could spend time with your family, you know. You're right. I have to think more about this. So how about running together tomorrow morning through the park?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, if I can wake up early enough, I will come. If you go to bed early, you will be able to wake up.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I know, I'm not sure what to order. I can't make up my mind. Here are your drinks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Do you want to get the Cobb salad and I'll get the sandwich? Then we can share both.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can you please tell me how much the membership fee at this gym is?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I see. Okay, I'd like to apply for a gym membership. I'll sign up for a month.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello. Hello, sir. Are you looking for anything special today?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I have several options for you. Does your wife have a favorite type of flower?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could go the traditional romantic route and get her a dozen red roses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hmm, I do have some bouquets that combine a few roses with some other seasonal choices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This one here has pink roses, but also spring tulips and calla lilies. And it comes with this beautiful vase.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Of course! We have this vase full of pink and yellow roses for $49.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Or this vase for $40. It doesn't include any roses, but it has other gorgeous flowers. It really brightens up the room, don't you think?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks for watching, and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel for more videos like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have this terrible meeting for the Festival of Fools that is happening tomorrow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The biggest waste of time ever. The Festival of Fools? Already? With the big parade and the singing and the dancing and the magical tricks of the gypsies? You are not thinking of going, are you? And how do you know so much about the festival?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I assure you, Master, I have never stepped out of this place. It is just what I have seen from up here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With a face like yours, people will ridicule you, make fun of you and hurt you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After all the years I have fed you, looked after you, don't disappoint me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There is this new captain coming today, oh! It is hard work being a minister.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] May I come in, minister? Oh, Captain Feveth! Welcome to Paris! You have your work cut out. Whatever you command, sir.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't know why the king likes to encourage the riff raff like the gypsies with their little tricks and singing and dancing. Such a waste of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have to ensure that the gypsies abide by the law, and if you catch any of them stealing or breaking the law, show no mercy!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As you say, rest assured I won't let anything go wrong at the festival tomorrow. DEATH MISSED!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How dare you, you gypsy! Guards! Arrest her!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't you dare disobey me, Captain! Arrest her!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No she isn't! I will not permit you to punish someone for being kind! But these are the minister's orders! Fight him, and don't let the girl get away!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The head of guard for the city of Paris, Captain Phoebus, has been tried for treason and will be punished publicly tomorrow morning.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've just stayed in here and never come to the festival at all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, never, I, I won't let that happen. We shall get the captain freed. Come with me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Punish me all you want, but I have done nothing wrong. I have only done my duty as a soldier by protecting the innocent. Very well! Guards, attack him!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You cannot arrest us here! We are no longer in Paris!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But you can be taken to Paris. And you, Quasimodo, after I fed you and looked after you, monster, you would betray me like this.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as we all are. And you kept me locked up in the bell tower all my life? Treated me like a slave? How dare you, master? Arrest them!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We haven't met formally. Hello, my lady. I am Captain Phoebus, and you are beautiful.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, is this the right place for the meeting about the Spain trip?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am. I have been wanting to go on this trip since my freshman year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I've always wanted to become fluent in a second language, so I think this opportunity will be perfect for me. How about you? Do you speak Spanish?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I was born in Chicago, but I grew up in Michigan. Then I decided to move to Tennessee for college.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have an older sister who goes to college in New York. I don't get to see her very often, but we both try to get back to Michigan for the holidays.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm studying international business. Hence the trip to Spain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I think it will be cool to learn about how other cultures conduct business. And to learn a language.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I would love that. We will discuss all the details after the meeting.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I wanted to wait a few days before stopping over to say hello. Thanks. Have you lived here for a while?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have. We actually built our house about 15 years ago. And we've been here ever since. That's quite a while. That's right.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is fantastic. The weather is great. The people are nice. It's a great place to be.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a nurse at the local hospital, and my husband is a teacher at the high school.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure he will have no problem getting a job selling houses out here. The market is incredible right now. That's what we're hoping. Do you have any kids?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have a park with a nice basketball court at the end of the street where my boys play all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] My family like to come over for a cookout tonight. Nothing fancy, just some hot dogs and burgers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We could introduce our boys to each other and introduce our husbands as well. What do you think? Thank you so much. We would love that. It will be a funny evening for all of us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeaah, we are. Grandma, could you pass me the ketchup please?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No thanks, I would like an ice cream now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's so great that you can roller skate, Michelle. I wish I could do it too. It must be terrific. Don't worry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some of us might want to become president of science, and some of us might want to win the Olympic gold.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Depending on who you are, one of those goals might be more achievable than the other, because sports come more easily for some than for others. And sometimes it comes down to how you prepare for an athletic event. But some people just have a natural advantage, like being left-handed. Come to think of it, a lot of professional athletes are left-handed, and Hank knows why.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I guess even if you are, you might have to resort to other methods like mind tricks to make it to the top of your athletic field. Your mentality going into the arena could improve your performance and make your opponents do worse. It might all come down to the psychology of a game face. So here's SciShow Psych host Anthony to explain how game faces really work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Okay, so if lactic acid isn't the key to building muscle mass and becoming a top athlete, you might depend on a different substance. Maybe a more artificial, performance-enhancing substance? Well, here's how some of them work, or don't work.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Whether you're taking performance-enhancing drugs or not, sports can come with pretty extreme side effects. Those drugs won't protect you from, say, concussions. But Olivia might have some guidance for what could.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sports injuries can have serious consequences. But there are ways to achieve athletic success safely, like wearing protective equipment and playing a variety of sports. So while you're choosing that next off-season sport to play, here are some considerations that you might not have thought about.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Many, if not all, sports are inherently dangerous. In boxing, for example, punching each other over and over again, it's gonna cause some physical damage. But sports can affect athletes in so many more ways than first meets the eye.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even graceful, non-contact sports can be deceptively dangerous. From your toes to your head, here are five unexpected tolls that sports take on your body.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's required for things like walking and balancing. Which is what brings turf toe to the list of sports dangers. There are different degrees of injury that can all be classified as turf toe, but it's a sprained or torn ligament. The tissue that connects the base of your big toe to your foot can get injured if you're frequently putting on sudden bursts of pressure that overstretch it. This would happen if you went from a complete stop to a sprint or quickly changed directions. And that's a skill that American football players practice a lot.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So it's no surprise that they sometimes experience turf toe. These injuries aren't exclusive to artificial playing surfaces, though. It's just called turf toe because football players experienced more of this type of injury when they switched from soft grass to harder turf. It's not the turf itself so much as harder surfaces that contribute to turf toe. So reducing turf toe cases might be an argument for real grass instead of turf in stadiums. But turf toe isn't even specific to American football players.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Sports like track and ballet are also turf toe magnets because participants push off the ground in unique ways that put incredible force on their big toes, and at extreme angles. Softer shoes also increase the athlete's risk of turf toe because they allow a greater range of motion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Going from the bottom of the body all the way to the top, this next unexpected sporting danger is starting to get more recognition after years of neglect. While it has an equally catchy name, sledhead should be taken very seriously. It's a term used to describe the concussions common in winter sports like luge, skeleton, and bobsleigh. They may look like smooth rides after all your sliding on ice, but there's a lot of rattling around from the high speed and curves


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That can lead to concussions. When your head hits something, like your sled, your brain can hit the inside of your skull with enough force to cause a concussion. And sled sport athletes report symptoms of concussion with troubling frequency. A 1986 paper reported headaches, fogginess, and lack of equilibrium in luge athletes after a run.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Getting worse after more runs, though not much research seems to have followed since then. Even so, coaches and doctors for some downhill sports are beginning to suggest protective measures, like limiting the number of runs an athlete can complete per day and adding protective equipment like helmets and mouthguards. Since headaches also increased with bumpier tracks in that 1986 report,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to all those fast downhill courses. And of the winter sports, sledding sports take the gold for number of injuries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Because spending a ton of time at indoor ice rinks comes with health risks you might not expect, at least if they're not maintained correctly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hazardous gases like carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The authors of one study suggest that mild cases may be more common in ice rinks than we realize. Low levels of exposure can lead to milder symptoms, like lightheadedness. But you might be wondering what these gases are doing in ice rinks in the first place. Well, it's the work of none other than the charmingly innocent Zamboni.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After all, they're basically just big trucks that you drive around inside. And that's all fine and dandy when there's really good air circulation and ventilation. But that's not always the case. In North America, there have only been about a dozen documented instances in which ice rinks were so underventilated that patrons experienced acute symptoms.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Although, it's really when they start again, after stopping. Historically, there have been several reasons for suddenly shutting down a training season. For example, in 2011, the National Football League shut down part of the American football season over a collective bargaining agreement, and of course, there's


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Covid-related pauses affected athletes in sports from football to baseball to the Olympics. And in 2020, Major League Baseball reported about double the injuries compared to the previous two seasons. A study out of the University of Kentucky concluded these injuries were likely the result of inadequate training. In the same way, the football lockout of 2011 forced athletes to work with an expedited training season.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you increase the stress on your Achilles tendon and overstretch it, it can tear. Tears even tend to happen in the same place.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's a spot just above your heel where the Achilles tendon has to stretch the most when you use it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And so tears or ruptures tend to happen there. It's kind of like how pizza dough will break at its weak spots if you try to stretch it too fast. Gradually working your way to the desired output is less likely to result in tears. In the end, about one-third of these injuries are career-enders for NFL players. But this is often preventable, and athletes can generally avoid it by working in enough training time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There's one more injury that can be shared between professional and amateur athletes, because it's not so much a sporting risk as just


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Who all tore their anterior cruciate ligaments, or ACLs, from celebratory jumps that landed wrong. The ACL is a ligament that stabilizes the knee and connects your femur to your tibia, behind the kneecap.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It can tear from sudden stress, similar to the Achilles tendon. When you jump, you're putting a lot of concentrated strain on your joints, especially your knees. The human knee can handle over 12 times your body weight when jumping, so you could give 11 of you a piggyback ride and your knee could still handle the impact. But it depends on how you land.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When you land with bent legs, your leg muscles and bones absorb the shock from hitting the ground. But landing on straight legs puts more of that load on your knees and can lead to injury. Exercise, stretching, and proper jumping technique may help athletes avoid these celebration downfalls, though nothing can really prevent them from just landing wrong.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So please enjoy your victories responsibly. And if you're trying to get some exercise into your life, proper technique and equipment can go a long way in preventing some of these unexpected injuries.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So there are a lot of factors at play when you are at play. How's the air ventilation in this ice rink? Do my shoes provide enough support for the movements I have to make? With too much on your mind, your performance could be affected. But not everyone will be affected the same way. Some people are more prone to choke under pressure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So in the end, it's a winning combination of mental and physical strength that earns first place. And if you're interested in learning more about the mental side of sports, you can go to youtube.com slash SciShow Psych.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where we've made more videos like this one called Can Exercise Treat Depression? Two of the videos in the compilation you just watched are SciShow Psych videos, so if you liked them, you'll probably like others. Thanks for watching!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A giant attacked the palace! We were no match to his mighty strength!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey Joey, do you have a minute to catch up? Sure dad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I feel like we haven't had a chance to touch base in a while. How you doing? How is school going?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I can't believe you've grown up so fast. I am one proud papa.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Loosen up. I'm sure you'll work something out. What do you like to do in your free time? Maybe that will help you focus on some ideas.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, why don't you look into gaming? You can turn your hobby into a career.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You could create video games. You could come up with ideas, design graphics, write codes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm sure there are options. Do you really think I could do that? Of course. You're creative and you're great with computers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You should ask around to see what is required to get a career in gaming.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I bet your school's guidance counselor would help you out


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What can we do to help him? Is there a way we can help him get over his heartbreak?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I don't think that's a good idea. He won't be open to it. You know he tends to tune out our advice and make his own decisions


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How about getting some of his friends to invite him to eat out at a restaurant? Maybe they could go shoot some hoops afterward.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I really think that once we can get him to spend more time with his buddies, he will start to forget about Maria.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I came across an ad for an audition for a role as a police officer, and I decided to go for it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Six months. I'm packing up this weekend and heading out on Monday. I won't head back home until November 26th.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Calm down sis, it's not too long. The time will fly by. Now what's your news?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the most remarkable aspects of the human brain is its ability to recognize patterns and describe them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As difficult as turbulence is to understand mathematically, we can use art to depict the way it looks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In June 1889, Vincent van Gogh painted the view just before sunrise from the window of his room at the Saint-Paul-de-Massau asylum in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, where he'd admitted himself after mutilating his own ear in a psychotic episode.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the starry night, his circular brush strokes create a night sky filled with swirling clouds and eddies of stars.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Van Gogh and other impressionists represented light in a different way than their predecessors, seeming to capture its motion, for instance, across sun-dappled waters, or here, in starlight that twinkles and melts through milky waves of blue night sky.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The effect is caused by luminance, the intensity of the light in the colors on the canvas. The more primitive part of our visual cortex, which sees light contrast and motion but not color, will blend two differently colored areas together if they have the same luminance.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But our brain's primate subdivision will see the contrasting colors without blending.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] With these two interpretations happening at once, the light in many impressionist works seems to pulse, flicker, and radiate oddly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's how this and other impressionist works, use quickly executed prominent brush strokes to capture something strikingly real about how light moves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] 60 years later, Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov furthered our mathematical understanding of turbulence when he proposed that energy in a turbulent fluid at length R varies in proportion to the five-thirds power of R.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Experimental measurements show Kolmogorov was remarkably close to the way turbulent flow works, although a complete description of turbulence remains one of the unsolved problems in physics.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A turbulent flow is self-similar if there is an energy cascade. In other words, big eddies transfer their energy to smaller eddies, which do likewise at other scales.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Examples of this include Jupiter's Great Red Spot, cloud formations, and interstellar dust particles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In 2004, using the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists saw the eddies of a distant cloud of dust and gas around a star, and it reminded them of Van Gogh's Starry Night.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This motivated scientists from Mexico, Spain, and England to study the luminance in Van Gogh's paintings in detail.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They discovered that there is a distinct pattern of turbulent fluid structures close to Kolmogorov's equation hidden in many of Van Gogh's paintings.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Researchers digitized the paintings and measured how brightness varies between any two pixels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] From the curves measured for pixel separations, they concluded that paintings from Van Gogh's periods of psychotic agitation behave remarkably similar to fluid turbulence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His self-portrait with a pipe from a calmer period in Van Gogh's life showed no sign of this correspondence. And neither did other artists' work that seemed equally turbulent at first glance, like Munch's The Scream.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] While it's too easy to say Van Gogh's turbulent genius enabled him to depict turbulence,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's also far too difficult to accurately express the rousing beauty of the fact that in a period of intense suffering, Van Gogh was somehow able to perceive and represent one of the most supremely difficult concepts nature has ever brought before mankind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And to unite his unique mind's eye with the deepest mysteries of movement, fluid and light.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You wish. There are numerous debates and theories on who came first. One popular theory is the Proto Chicken Theory. What's that?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over thousands of years, these changes create new species. Huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Experts theorize that one such new species was the proto-chicken. Very similar to present day chicken.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, which came first? Depends on what we call the egg. If we say that the proto-chicken laid a proto-egg, which created the first chicken, then the answer is, chicken came first.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, wait. Don't laugh. We need to do something first. Rub the comb on your dry hair and then bring the comb close to the pieces of paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] See, I was correct. The pieces of paper got attracted to the plastic comb. Do you think it is magic?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No. The reason behind this is electric charge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This charge is called as static electricity. However, do you think, like a plastic comb, a metallic comb would also attract the pieces of paper?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a result, the charge is built in the plastic comb, making it electrically charged and enabling it to attract the pieces of paper.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hey, look at the weather outside. It is too cloudy. No, don't go near that bonfire.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, during a clear night, that is, when there are no clouds. This heat easily escapes through the atmosphere into space, resulting in cooling of the earth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, I know all about cavity, but what's this new thing called density? Don't worry, I will explain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Duh. Because if it would, then we would have got angry on our hairdressers. You are just impossible. Wait. I will explain it to you. Inside our body, there is a network of nerves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These nerves help us to sense our surroundings and feel pain, touch, etc. By sending messages to the brain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So do the nerves of my hair not know how to send a message?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No. Generally, the part of our hair above the skin is made up of dead cells. It does not have any nerves. Hence, when we cut our hair, due to the absence of nerves. Our brain does not receive any messages of pain. As a result, we don't feel any pain. Topic friction.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You will find it difficult to pull the boat on the beach. Pull it on the sea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Friction is the force which opposes the motion of an object. It always acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Rough textures or surfaces offer greater friction as compared to smooth textures or surfaces.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Arg! Do you wanna say that my brand new boat has a rough texture?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Noooo. Even though the texture of the boat is almost smooth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, when we pull the boat on beach, the sand particles offer greater friction and oppose the motion of the boat, thus making it difficult to move the boat on the beach.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, the seed being a liquid, forms a smooth surface.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To keep clothes while traveling. Not at all. Wait, I'll explain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The vibrations which take place under the influence of an external periodic force are called forced vibrations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] pneumonia is a lung infection caused by microorganisms which generally leads to difficulty in breathing


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Normally, we inhale oxygen-rich air which reaches our alveoli.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, sometimes we also inhale harmful microorganisms. Mostly, the cilia and mucus in our respiratory tract trap these microorganisms, which are then expelled while coughing. But sometimes the microorganisms don't get trapped and reach the alveoli.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There they start to multiply, causing lung infection, that is, pneumonia.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, to protect ourselves, the immune cells start attacking the microorganisms, causing inflammation and accumulation of fluid in the alveoli. As a result, the inhaled oxygen cannot get easily diffused into blood, thus causing difficulty in breathing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What is your wax? It is a wax used to make candles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh, gross. Not at all. Earwax is used to lubricate and protect our ear canal, middle ear and inner ear. Oh, but how does it form?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our ear canal consists of special glands. They produce an oily and waxy substance called cerumen. Cerumen moisturizes our ears. It traps dust and dead skin cells, keeping our ears clean.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides this, cerumen also has antibacterial properties. When harmful microbes try to enter deeper into our ears. The cerumen traps and kills the microbes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These dead microbes, dust, oil and dead skin cells together form the earwax.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Naah. There are a number of reasons why some people are more prone to mosquito bites. One of them is body odor.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Millions of bacteria which live on our skin produce various gases. These gases form our body odor. Some of these body odors attract the mosquitoes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So, this is the reason why mosquitoes prefer me? Huh?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides this, a popular research found that mosquitoes tend to bite people with type O blood nearly twice as often as those with type A. Exercising can also entice mosquitoes. This is because when we exercise, we release more carbon dioxide, heat and sweat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hello. Why does our voice sound different when recorded?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our inner ear detects sound vibrations, informing our brain about the voice or sound and thus, helping us hear. But did you know that when we speak, we hear our own voice in two different ways?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What? In two different ways? Indeed. The first way is through our outer ear. Our voice travels to the outer ear, creating vibrations in the eardrum. These vibrations eventually reach the inner ear.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow, the second way is through our flesh and skull bones. However, they are better at transmitting deeper, lower frequency sounds as compared to shriller, higher frequency sounds.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As a result, the combination of sounds obtained from the two ways makes our voice appear deeper. Now, when we hear our recorded voice, we only hear the voice which has traveled through our outer ear. Hence, our voice sounds different when recorded.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Empathy is the ability to understand and share others feelings. For example, when people around us are happy and smiling, they make a positive impact on us. Hence, we also feel good and begin to smile. Moreover, the closer we are to someone such as our parents or friends, the more likely we are to catch their yawn. Dude! That's awesome!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'm a little busy, so I'll tell you later. Alright, I'll explain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, the heat given off by our body does not get lost from the igloo. It stays in the igloo, thus keeping us warm.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Can pure oxygen kill you? No idea.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, these unstable free radicals begin to bind with proteins in red blood cells and change their chemical structure. As a result, our immune system doesn't recognize the red blood cells and begins to kill them. Besides this, free radicals even damage the DNA which can lead to cancer.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is antibacterial so bad for you? Nope, it's not at all bad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Antibacterial soaps contain various chemicals such as triclosan and triclocarbon. That actually don't do any benefit. But instead, they harm us.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh stop laughing. Please listen. Long term exposure to triclosan can create antibiotic resistant bacteria or superbacteria. How is that possible?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thus creating superbacteria which are more difficult to kill. Besides this, as triclosan penetrates the skin, it can also cause various health problems.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He also made each month odd numbered, leaving one month, that is, February's, with 28 days to reach the total of 355.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But as the earth takes 365.24 days to travel around the sun. Seasons and weather conditions started mismatching with the 355 day calendar.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He made the calendar into 365 days by adding days in each month except February. As still, 0.24 days were pending each year. After every 4 years, he added one day to February, making it a leap year. Thus, February has 28 days except during leap year.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Why do we bite our nails? To save our expenses on manicure. Nah.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Nail biting or onychophagia is a bad habit, and there's no specific reason why people do it. Ha!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I'll find the reason in only two seconds. Don't bother.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wait, I'll explain. When a snake grows, its outer skin layer called epidermis does not grow or get bigger with it. Hence, the snake sheds its epidermis periodically to allow further growth of its body. In addition to this, shedding also helps remove parasites present on the epidermis. So, does the snake buy a new skin? No. First listen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Before shedding, the snake grows a new epidermis beneath the old one and secretes a fluid between the old and new epidermis. This fluid helps separate the old epidermis from the new one.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once this is done, the process of shedding begins. To remove the old epidermis, the snake rubs its head against any hard surface. Creating a tear either near mouth or near nose area. Then, it drags and wriggles its body against any hard surface. And slowly slithers out of the old epidermis. How do animals hibernate?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hence, in order to survive during winter, many animals snuggle up in burrows, caves, tree trunks, etc. And remain inactive as if they are in a deep sleep.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The state of inactivity is called hibernation. And the animals which hibernate, such as bears, bats, groundhogs, ground squirrels, etc., are called hibernators.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now, during hibernation, many changes take place in their bodies. For example, their heartbeat and breathing rate slow down. Their body temperature goes way down. Also, many animals don't even eat or drink.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Instead, they eat a lot before hibernating and store the food in their bodies in the form of fat. Then, while hibernating, the hibernators use the stored fat to keep themselves alive in the winter.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Depending on the species, some of them might not even urinate or defecate for days or weeks.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When switched on, the magnetron converts electricity into microwaves.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Microwaves penetrate the food and excite water, fat and sugar molecules, generating heat and thus, helping us to heat up or cook the food.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Also note that, conventional ovens heat the food from outside in. Hence, the outer surface of the food is exposed to heat for a longer time, thus causing the food to cook unevenly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] However, in microwave ovens, as microwaves penetrate the food, the food is cooked more evenly in less time. Thus, nutrient loss is less as it is exposed to heat for less amount of time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Once upon a time, there was a Brahmin in a village.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Shortly after, the kids began to make noise in the house, which woke the Brahmin, and he started to play with them. On the other hand, as the Brahmin's wife was returning from the farm, she met a sage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The sage was very pleased with their service and spirit. He then asked the Brahmin to make a wish.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After that, the Brahmin sat down with his wife and kids to have food. But just then, the monster appeared!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Is anyone ever able to straighten a dog's tail? Believe me, he will spend all his time trying to do it. But the work will never get done.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes! So now you know. What is the result of not doing your work by yourself?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now tell me, do you all agree to complete your homework by yourselves? Or you will also wish for someone else to magically complete it for you?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I most certainly do. He has turned into a dog.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Welcome, Hecaccio. How have you been? I have turned into a dog. How do you think I have been? Uhm, my bad. Perhaps we should forget about the greetings and come straight to the point. That would be wonderful. Tell me, Hecaccio.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What can bring us out of this curse? As the hermit said, the curse can only be broken by the one who has casted. Looks like there's only one solution. I'm listening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We will have to make a peace with Queen Minerva. Well, I am ready. But you know her. She will never agree to the offer of peace. Then give her what she wants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It is our ancestral sword, passed down in our family for generations.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It's energies make our army impervious to hunger, the rains, the heat, and even the storms. Giving us advantage over the opponent's army. Your grandfather gave it to me.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, which does now not seem to be possible. Send the fairies to Klong to invite Queen Minerva to our yearly jumper festival. Tell her that at the end of the event, I will present to her the Sword of Magic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am the frog from the valleys of the north, and it is a great honor to be a part of the Jumper Festival.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He is really well mannered. I wonder what he looked like as a man. Maybe if all goes well and the curse is removed, we can ask him to marry you.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In the finally, I present to you, the Grasshopper!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Ah, very well then. I shall say no more. Let the trial commence.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She is the royal guest and under the protection of our king while she is here.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thank you, Grasshopper. And to Queen Minerva, I am very, very sorry.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please forgive the eagle, for his anger got the better of him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I assure you, I do not care for any of those things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I have never experienced a mother's love as my mother died when I was born.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If your majesty would allow me, then yes, I agree. I announce Ragnar as the true son and rightful heir of Queen Minerva.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wow. Didn't know it would be that easy. Alright Minerva, you get that too. Are there any other proposals?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Thanks to Linode Cloud Computing for supporting this episode of SciShow. Go to Linode.com slash SciShow to learn more and get a $100 60-day credit on a new Linode account.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Heart attacks are the number one cause of death worldwide in the 21st century. And based on studies of mummies and written records from various civilizations, this is nothing new. People seem to have been suffering heart attacks


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But for most of human history, heart attacks were basically a mystery. All anyone knew was that people could get sudden chest pains, and sometimes, but not always, that killed them. Luckily, a lot has changed. We now have an intimate understanding of how the heart works and how it can fail. And how we got here


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For most of human history, the chest was a bit of a black box. It took time for scholars, including Arab and Renaissance European folks, starting around the 1200s.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To break down various cultural and religious taboos around autopsies to like, make them more of a thing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By the end of the 18th century, a number of doctors and scientists had noticed a possible connection between fatal chest pains and problems in the blood vessels surrounding the heart. For instance, some like British physician Edward Jenner noticed that the arteries that fed the heart could become narrow, stiff, and full of fatty plaque. This blockage could cut off


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] was a huge step forward. But there were still a lot of questions. Like, doctors kind of assumed that this sort of blockage would always be fatal, so they weren't sure what was going on in people who survived this kind of chest pain. Some people had also noticed the presence of blood clots in these blood vessels during autopsies, but not


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And it wasn't clear if clots were a cause of the heart attack or an effect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We also didn't really have a lot of good ways to investigate these questions in living people, but that changed soon thanks to both more observation


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A healthy, working heart would produce a repeating, predictable pattern on an ECG. But in heart disease, it produced different patterns. This made it possible for doctors to distinguish hearts with heart disease.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another breakthrough came when doctors discovered they could inject dyes into the arteries around the heart, and then use x-rays to see how blood was flowing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The first time they did this was actually an accident, and the doctors who did it were afraid that they had killed their patient, but it did not. And their discovery would go on to help other doctors see blockages in living people. Over time, these tools, combined with other lines of evidence,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What was going on with them? By the 1970s, scientists had started to believe they might be part of the cause, but a 1980 study really sealed the deal. In it, doctors used x-rays to examine the hearts of over 300 heart attack survivors within 24 hours of an attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Always found clots that seemed to clear up over time. That pretty clearly suggested that the clots were causing the heart attack and not just happening hours or days after the fact.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If they were developing after the attack, the scientists would expect to see them get worse over time, not better. So finally, after centuries of work, scientists had figured out the cause of heart attacks. It wasn't always a linear process, but in the end, we had a clear picture.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] is fed by blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the muscle cells and take away waste. But these blood vessels can become stiff and narrow over time, often due to a buildup of


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If this blocks blood flow, or if a blood clot forms and gets stuck in the narrowed artery, the muscle cells in the heart can quickly become starved and begin to die, causing a heart attack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That was over four decades ago, but even though we can now definitively say what heart attacks are and what causes them, there's still a lot of work to be done before they're no longer topping those cause of death statistics. Fortunately, what we have learned makes it possible for doctors to keep an eye out for people who are developing blockages and offer them ways to protect their hearts before it is too late.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Which is a good reminder of how astounding it is to live in a time when we know just so much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And when there is so much to know and learn, your time is the most valuable thing you have. And that's why the sponsor of this video, Linode Cloud Computing, makes their services as


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They have a bunch of one-click apps and services that you can get up and running in under a minute. But if you want to level up to add analytics or custom configurations, Linode has tons of guides and videos to help you out. Their professional services are available whenever you find yourself running low on time, because they know that you only have so much time in a day. So Linode has professionals standing by 24-7 ready to help via phone call or support ticket. To get started with Linode and their professional services,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Click the link in the description or head to lenoid.com slash SciShow. That link will give you a $100, 60-day credit on a new Linode account. Thanks to Linode for supporting this video, and thank you for watching!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] In order to become a butterfly, a caterpillar's body dissolves almost completely and is rebuilt from its own juices.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Butterflies are just a few of the 800,000 insect species that transition from larvae to adults through complete metamorphosis. That's approximately 85% of insects and 70% of all known animal species.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But how exactly does a caterpillar become a butterfly? When a caterpillar hatches from an egg, it has none of a butterfly's physical traits. It does have groups of cells inside its body called imaginal discs that will eventually become its butterfly parts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Immediately after hatching, the caterpillar begins to feed, building up fat until its rigid skin, called a cuticle, becomes too tight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At this point, a hormone called ectosone triggers the cuticle to shed, or molt.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As the caterpillar grows, it usually molts four times. Then, when it's nice and plump, the caterpillar's levels of juvenile hormone drop, which triggers it to stop eating and moving. A final burst of ectosone prompts the caterpillar's cells to begin to self-destruct.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the same time, a second skin layer called the pupal cuticle forms underneath the first. One more molt exposes the hard exterior of the pupa.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Besides the imaginal discs, only a few tissues are spared, including parts of the respiratory system, the heart, some abdominal muscles, and the mushroom bodies of the brain.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The caterpillar juice then fuels the development of the imaginal discs into eyes, antennae, legs, wings, genitalia, and other body parts. Once its new body is built, the insect molts one last time, shedding the pupal cuticle.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even after such a dramatic transformation, the butterfly does retain some memories from its caterpillar days. It's likely the mushroom bodies of the brain carry important knowledge from the caterpillar over to the adult butterfly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] How did such an involved developmental process come to be? We don't know for sure.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The leading theory is that the caterpillar is actually a drawn-out version of a life stage that takes place inside the egg for some other insects. According to this hypothesis, over millions of years, the larvae evolved the ability to eat and live outside the egg.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Regardless of how complete metamorphosis originated, it's become part of the life cycles of a dizzying number of insect species.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Still, plenty of species get along perfectly well with a simpler developmental process. What survival advantages might complete metamorphosis provide to make up for the added hassle?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For one, it keeps larvae and adults from competing for the same habitats and food sources.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And while the pupa may seem vulnerable, this immobile stage can actually be a good way to pass parts of the year when food is scarce.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To us, a butterfly's metamorphosis might sound as fantastic as a phoenix rising from its ashes. But these transformations are taking place all around us all the time.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This video was animated by one of our all-time favorite artists, Avi Ofer. Avi has been animating TED-Ed lessons since 2012, and this is actually his 20th video on our platform. If you want to see more of Avi's clever and creative TED-Ed animations, check out this playlist.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And if you want to help TED-ED continue to work with artists like Avi, please consider donating to our non-profit mission by visiting patreon.com slash TED-ED.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Go and roll over those coins. Whatever sticks to you is yours.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Listening Library presents Magic Treehouse Merlin Missions Book Number 17, A Crazy Day with Cobras. This is Mary Pope Osborne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And she loved your drawings for the story too, said Jack. She said you're really talented.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's nice, said Annie. Maybe she loved the sparkle pins I used.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The only thing she didn't love was the type I chose, said Jack. She said it was hard to read because it was too fancy. I really like that curly type, said Annie. Me too, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But it's no big deal, she still gave me an A+. Wow, cool, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As they reached the edge of the Frog Creek woods, a gust of wind shook the tree branches. Jack's baseball cap blew off. He grabbed his cap from the sidewalk. The wind blew harder. What's happening? Said Annie. Suddenly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The red haired teenage boy and the beautiful girl with dark wavy hair ran to Jack and Annie and hugged them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You must come with us to the tree house, said Kathleen. Hurry. Why, what's up, said Jack. We'll explain when we get there, said Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He and Kathleen turned and started back into the woods.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teddy, Kathleen, Jack, and Annie scrambled up the rope ladder and climbed into the magic tree house.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] When they were all inside, Teddy heaved a sigh. My friends, we desperately need your help, he said. What's wrong? Asked Annie. We made a terrible mistake, said Kathleen. No, it was me, just me, said Teddy. I made the mistake. What did you do? Said Jack. I turned Penny into a stone statue, said Teddy. Penny? Said Annie. A statue?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He loved the little orphan penguin that he and Annie had found on one of their adventures. Penny had helped save Merlin's life. It was an accident, said Kathleen. It was stupidity, said Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We were in Morgan's library and I was looking at spells in her books. Morgan forbids us to try any spells on our own.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But I disobeyed when I found the simple one that turns things into stone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Teddy was pointing at a walking stick by the doorway reciting the words of the spell, said Kathleen. And just as he finished, Penny wandered in, and the spell hit her. And now she's a stone statue, Teddy said miserably. That's terrible, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well can't you just ask Merlin or Morgan to use their magic to bring Penny back to life? Ask Jack. No.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, they must never learn anything about this. If they do, I... Teddy shook his head and looked away.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Merlin and Morgan are both in Avalon for the Festival of May, said Kathleen. If they discover what Teddy has done, we fear Merlin will banish him from the kingdom. Really? said Annie. Yes, Merlin will be enraged, said Kathleen. Penny is the very heart of our kingdom. We all love her very much. Me too, said Jack. He thought about the penguin's fuzzy head, the funny way she peeped,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The bad news is that it is written in an ancient language, said Teddy. We have only translated eight lines so far. Kathleen read from the note. Ye say that ye wish your spell be reversed. Four things ye must find. Here is the first. In the shape of a rose is an emerald stone.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yes, only we must spend our time trying to translate the rest of the spell before Merlin and Morgan return, said Kathleen.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So we need you and Annie to look for the emerald rose. Got it, said Jack. Where do we look? asked Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have done some research, said Teddy, and we think you should go back almost 400 years and visit one of the great moguls of India. Great moguls? said Annie. They are the emperors who ruled India's mogul empire, said Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of them had the largest collection of precious gems in all the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And his stone cutters cut many of his jewels into the shape of leaves and flowers, said Kathleen. Perfect, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Our research says he often gave gifts of his precious gems to visiting ambassadors, said Teddy. You will have to pretend to be ambassadors. And I am afraid, Annie, that you will have to pretend to be a boy again, said Kathleen. In Mogul, India, girls were not allowed to show their faces in public. No problem, I'm getting used to it, Annie said. Wait.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Even if Annie's a boy, they're probably not going to believe that we're ambassadors, said Jack. Teddy and Kathleen gave each other blank looks. I do not know why not, said Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Though I admit, we do not really know very much about ambassadors.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There are people who visit other countries to represent their own country, said Jack. Splendid, said Teddy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So that's what you'll do. You'll represent Frog Creek 400 years ago. Except ambassadors are usually grown ups, said Jack. Oh, well, I suppose you must just do the best you can, said Kathleen. Perhaps this will help you, said Teddy. If you have knowledge, you will seem older. He reached into his cloak and pulled out a book. The Mogul Empire of India.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we thought perhaps some magic might help too, said Kathleen. If you find yourselves in danger, she reached into her cloak again and pulled out a tiny blue bottle, a potion to make you very small. Wow, great, said Annie. Very small, said Jack. He remembered how their friend Augusta had been made tiny by the fairies of Ireland.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All kinds of ordinary things could seem huge and scary, he thought. How long would we stay small, he asked. It depends on how many sips you take, said Kathleen, giving the bottle to Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One sip will make you small for ten minutes, two for twenty, three for thirty, and so on. Thanks, he said. He put the bottle and the rhyme into his backpack. Go now, said Teddy. Find the emerald rose while we try to translate the rest of the spell. We'll do our best, said Annie. Thank you, said Kathleen. When you need strength, just think of Penny. We will, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He took a deep breath and pointed at the cover of their research book. I wish we could go there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie waved at Teddy and Kathleen. See you later, she said. The wind started to blow. The treehouse started to spin. It spun faster and faster. Then everything was still. Absolutely still.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Kathleen and Teddy were gone, the air was hot, flies buzzed around Jack's head.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] These are ambassador clothes? said Annie. Jack and Annie were dressed alike.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They both wore wide brimmed felt hats, stockings, buckled shoes, short jackets and puffy short pants. Jack's backpack had turned into a leather bag. I guess, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] This must be how we would have dressed almost 400 years ago in Frog Creek. If we'd both been boys, said Annie. So where are we? Jack and Annie looked out the window.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The treehouse had landed in a row of tall dark trees.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The trees stood next to a red fort with a moat, a drawbridge, and massive red battlements. Cool fort, said Jack. Yeah, and look, elephants, said Annie. I love elephants.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Leading away from the fort were two streets. One was filled with oxen pulling carts and people riding horses and elephants. Veiled women sat in carriages on the elephants' backs.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Yeah, and there's a bazaar like the one we saw in Baghdad, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He pointed to the other street which was lined with tents and stalls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So where do you think we find an emerald stone in the shape of a rose? said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] India was a vast land of crowded cities and countless villages. A great deal of India though, was still covered by wilderness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Wild creatures such as cheetahs, elephants, and Bengal tigers lived in its forests.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] India's wilderness was also home for many snakes, including the King Cobra, one of the deadliest snakes on Earth. Yikes, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She and Jack looked at the pictures of a Bengal Tiger and a King Cobra.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The cobra had speckled yellow bands around its long body. Its open jaws revealed two deadly fangs. Don't worry, said Jack with a shiver. We definitely didn't land in the wilderness.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] For several centuries, mighty rulers known as great moguls ruled over much of India. The wealthiest of the great moguls was named Shah Jahan.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He lived inside the Red Fort, where he was protected night and day by Imperial guards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He pointed to men in white coats and leggings guarding the drawbridge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some carried spears, others had bows and arrows. Right, but who do you think those guys are? Annie asked, pointing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Two carts pulled by pairs of white oxen had stopped at the entrance to the bridge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Eight men were climbing out of the carts. They wore outfits like Jack's and Annie's, puffy pants, short jackets, and wide hats. Two of the guards greeted them with deep bows. They're dressed like us, said Jack, so I guess they must be ambassadors too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If they're visiting the great mogul, we should join them, said Annie. Hold on, said Jack. He opened his bag.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As he put their book inside, he noticed that everything that had been in his backpack was still there.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His story from school, the note about the emerald rose, and the blue bottle with a potion to make them small. Okay, we've got everything, he said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie was already heading toward the drawbridge of the fort.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie, hold on, we have to talk about something important, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] If they're real ambassadors, we shouldn't get too close to them, Jack said. They'll figure out we're fakes. Oh, good point, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] So let's wait until they start across the bridge, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was still worried about the fact that he and Annie looked too young.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have to try to act like ambassadors, so stand up straight and speak in a low voice. Okay, don't worry, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And we should hold up our chins, said Jack. Try to look taller. Okay, okay. Oh look, they're leaving, said Annie. Let's go.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ambassadors had climbed back into their ox carts. As the carts started across the moat, Jack and Annie walked quickly toward the bridge. The first guard held up his spear. Who are you? He asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had a long purple scar on his cheek and silver rings in his ears. We are ambassadors, Jack said in a deep voice. We are with the gentlemen who just crossed the bridge. The guard gave Jack and Annie a sharp look. You are with the ambassadors from Europe? He said. Yes, Jack stood straighter, but we're from Frog Creek.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, it is true. We are young, but we are very learned. I see, said the guard. And imaginative and creative, Annie added. Her brother, thought Jack. I see, said the guard again. He looked at Jack's bag. And is that where you carry your treasure? Your gifts for the great mogul? Uhm, well, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What gifts do ambassadors from Europe usually give great moguls? Annie asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The gifts sent by the kings and queens of Europe are always rare and beautiful, said the guard. Such as, said Annie. Silver swords, golden goblets.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Treasure chests filled with jewels and coins, said the guard. Or perhaps the fastest horses from Arabia. Forget it, thought Jack. But Annie smiled. I see, she said. Well.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I am pleased to tell you that we have brought a gift far greater than any of those things.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Chapter 3, Complete Respect.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Follow the other ambassadors to the hall of public audience, where the great mogul appears each morning before his court nobles. Thanks, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She pulled Jack along toward the drawbridge. And do not worry, the guard called after them. The great mogul will not mind your youth. His grandfather became emperor when he was thirteen. Super, thanks, Annie called back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What were you talking about back there? Jack whispered as he and Annie started across the bridge.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You printed your story in fancy curly type from the computer, right? Said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] I did my drawings with sparkle pens. There were no computers or sparkle pens 400 years ago. The great mogul has never seen writing an artwork like that. Art ordinary stuff would be treasure in his time. I, I don't know. Jack didn't know what to think. He just shook his head. It would be, trust me, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They passed through a gateway that opened onto a stone road. The road led to a large square.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] At the opposite side of the square was a long low building with columns and arches.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] There they are, said Annie. She pointed to the ambassador's ox carts rolling toward the building. That must be the hall of public audience, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie walked quickly toward the building. The air felt as if it were coming from a hot furnace. By the time they arrived at the hall, Jack felt faint from the heat.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ambassadors from Europe had already gone inside. Fierce looking guards stood at all the entrances. Daggers and curved swords hung from their belts. Annie walked up to one of the burly guards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] To Jack's surprise, the guard asked no questions. He nodded and gestured for them to follow him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The air inside was much cooler. It smelled of roses and mint. Hidden musicians played soft music.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Burley Guard escorted Jack and Annie past the audience of court nobles.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the men had beards or mustaches and wore beautiful coats of many colors and patterns. Bright orange, purple, turquoise, green striped, and pale pink with flowers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Next to the nobles, the eight ambassadors from Europe stood along a silver railing.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They were lined up in pairs. The burly guard ushered Jack and Annie to the end of the line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The platform was made of sparkling diamonds, emeralds and pearls.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Statues of two jeweled peacocks with rubies in their beaks were perched above the canopy.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Over the golden canopy was another canopy of rich cloth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Everyone had to be perfectly still and silent in his presence. No one was allowed to sit or leave as long as he was in the hall if his guest spoke to him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Don't worry, we learned how to bow in the palace in Vienna, Annie said. No, this is different, whispered Jack. When I messed up there, people just laughed. Here, they kill you. Well, don't forget we've got our potion from Kathleen, Annie whispered. If worse comes to worst, we'll just make ourselves small and escape. Forget it, Jack whispered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Let's go back outside and make another plan. We don't know what we're doing here."


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Trumpet blasts shattered the air. The trumpet sounds were followed by deafening drum rolls. Shah Jahan, the great mogul of India, stepped through a door at the back of the hall.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie froze. The hall was completely still and silent.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And a silver coat trimmed with diamonds and pearls. He wore ropes of jewels around his neck and sparkling rings on his fingers.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul sat cross-legged on a cushion and looked coldly at his audience.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He had a handsome face, with a sharp nose and dark, distant eyes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A servant stood near him waving a large peacock feather fan. Another waved a broom to shoo away flies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] An imperial guard escorted a pair of European ambassadors up the wide steps that led to the throne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie watch carefully as the ambassadors stood before the great mogul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The two men bowed from their waists and brushed the back of their right hands over the carpet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They straightened up, raised their right hands into the air, and placed their palms on top of their heads.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] And pulled out a jewel studded crown and a golden goblet. He gave them to the great mogul. The ruler looked at the glittering gifts.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without smiling, he handed them to a servant who had appeared beside him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Another servant stepped forward with a silver tray. On the tray was a red satin pillow.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Spread across the pillow were dozens of glittering jewels.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He looked at her and she smiled. He knew just what she was thinking. Those guys got jewels without saying a word. But Jack was still worried.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Plus his story seemed like such a teeny gift compared to a crown and a gold goblet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The other ambassadors climbed the peacock throne in pairs. They all bowed in the same way.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They all opened their bags and gave gifts to the great mogul, a carved wooden clock.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] A crystal necklace, a gleaming silver sword,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As the ruler received each exquisite gift, he never changed his expression.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack grew more and more anxious. If the great mogul seemed bored with these treasures, what would he think of a kid's story?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] All the ambassadors from Europe were offered jewels from the silver tray. Then they resumed their place in line.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Finally, an imperial guard beckoned to Jack and Annie. It was their turn.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack's legs felt wobbly as he walked with Annie up the steps of the throne.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul looked at them with his distant cold stare.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Together Jack and Annie bowed from their weights. They brushed the back of their right hands over the carpet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] They stood up and raised their right hands into the air. They placed their palms on top of their heads. Jack held his breath the whole time. A fly landed on his nose, but he didn't flinch. Jack and Annie lowered their arms. Jack's hands were shaky as he unbuckled his bag and pulled out his story.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Without a word, he handed it to the great mogul. The ruler stared at the first page. Slowly he ran his fingers over the fancy type.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He turned the page and stared at Annie's sparkly drawing of the tree house in the Frog Creek woods. Again, he touched the page.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then the great mogul raised his eyes and looked straight at Jack and Annie. The next thing Jack knew,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The servant was standing in front of them with a tray of jewels. In a panic.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack stared at the pile of diamonds, pearls, and red, green, and yellow gems. The jewels were all cut in different shapes. Himerald rose, Jack thought wildly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He tried to focus, but the glittering gem swirled in front of his eyes.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Flowers, fish, stars, birds, butterflies, pears, and apples, but no emerald rose. When Jack glanced up, he saw the great mogul watching him. Jack was ready to grab anything.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie reached forward and carefully picked up a green stone. She solemnly showed it to Jack. It was a small emerald shaped like a rose.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack nodded trying to appear calm. His heart was pounding. He glanced at the great mogul. The ruler was looking at them with interest. He seemed about to say something.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The whole audience seemed to breathe a sigh of relief. Everyone began talking and moving about


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] It had five tiny rose petals that curled back at the edges. Great work, he said to Annie. He carefully put the jewel in his bag and buckled it. I was wrong, you were right. I won't rub it in, said Annie with a grin. That's okay, I deserve it, Jack said. I shouldn't have worried so much.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Now we just have to get back to the treehouse. Keep your head down, move quickly.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Just as they were about to step into the sunlight, another guard blocked their way. Excuse us, said Jack. He tried to step around the guard who towered over them. But the guard put out his large hand. I will escort you now to the palace, he said, to the private balcony of the great mogul. Uh, why? Jack asked. All the ambassadors are to view a parade in their honor, said the guard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Parade, said Annie. I love parades. Uh, but we're kind of in a hurry. Do we have a choice? Jack asked. No, said the guard. Oh, said Jack. Okay. This way, said the guard. Jack and Annie walked after him back through the empty hall. Don't worry, Annie whispered to Jack. What could possibly go wrong at a parade?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The tall guard escorted Jack and Annie out the back door of the hall and into a walled courtyard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack was so frustrated he barely noticed the crimson and purple flowers, the bubbling fountains, and the dazzling water pools in the courtyard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] By now Annie was walking ahead and chatting with the guard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Where do the royal women and children live? she asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guard pointed to the palace quarters on the left side of the courtyard. Jack noticed veiled women peeping out from behind the arched windows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Annie waved at them, but the women moved out of sight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guard escorted Jack and Annie out of the courtyard and through a quiet passageway.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The passageway led to a chamber lit with brass lanterns hanging from the wall. The guard handed them each a silk coat, a sash,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guard pulled aside a curtain to reveal a small space like a dressing room.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie stepped inside and the guard pulled the curtain shut. Jack whirled around to Annie. This is awful, he whispered. We have to get out of here. Calm down, said Annie. We don't have a choice. She rubbed her hand over her purple silk coat. I love these clothes. Oh, brother, said Jack, sighing. But he took off his hot jacket and pulled on his orange coat and tied the sash.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He definitely felt cooler in the soft silk coat, but the puffy pants made the coat balloon out around his waist. I really hate this, he groaned. Don't worry, we'll leave right after the parade, said Annie. She tucked her braids under her orange turban. Do I still look like a boy?


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Not with a person who kills you if you speak to him or bow the wrong way. Maybe we won't have to bow again. You're missing my point.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Well, don't forget, if we run into trouble, we can always drink the potion and make ourselves small, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The imperial guard pushed open the curtain to the dressing room. Come with me now, he said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie followed the guard out of the chamber and down a hallway of the palace.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Remember, don't talk to the other ambassadors, whispered Jack, and never, ever say anything to the great mogul promised.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack and Annie followed the guard through another chamber and out to a wide shaded balcony. The balcony overlooked a river and a sandy shore.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul stood near the railing of the balcony with imperial guards surrounding him. The ambassadors stood in a row behind them.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack was relieved to see that they too were wearing pointy shoes and silk coats that stuck out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Hundreds of them marched in formation down the flat sandy shore between the palace and the river.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Some blew long golden trumpets. Others beat drums tied around their bodies.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Dozens of flag bearers followed the musicians, their red and yellow banners waving in the hot, dry wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After them came row after row of tall elegant horses with golden bridles. Some were dark gray, others were copper colored, milk white or midnight black.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One hundred Arabian horses, an imperial guard announced to the ambassadors. The most beautiful animals in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack glanced at the great mogul. The ruler was coldly watching the parade.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Riding on the carts were cheetahs with tan fur and black spots. They wore gold collars that glittered in the sunlight.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One hundred cheetahs announced the guard. The fastest land animals in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then came rows and rows of elephants, kicking up a sea of dust. They looked like a fleet of gray ships.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One hundred elephants caught in the wild, said the guard. The largest land animals in the world.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The elephants wore gold chains and silver bells around their necks. The tops of their heads were covered with fancy fringed cloth.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Oh wow, elephants, said Annie, her eyes shining. Shh, we can't talk, whispered Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Elephants, oxen, and horses all stepped in time to the beat of the drums and the blare of the trumpets. Suddenly,


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The music was interrupted by wild shrieks and bellows.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul, his guards, and the ambassadors all moved to get a better view. Jack and Annie stood on their tiptoes to see what was happening.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack could see that an elephant had broken out of line and left the parade. Guards were struggling to capture it.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The elephant had reared up on its hind legs, and its rider had tumbled from the carriage on its back.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The elephant was making a terrible noise, like a screaming trumpet.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Said Annie. She pulled away from Jack and slipped through the row of ambassadors. Jack moved after her. Annie, come back! He whispered.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] One of the guards saw Annie heading toward the railing where the great mogul stood. He quickly stepped in front of her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Excuse me, sir, I'm worried about that elephant, Annie said in a low voice. What's wrong with it? She tried to escape, the guard said. They are capturing her now.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] What's going to happen to her? Asked Annie, trying to look around the guard. She will be punished, said the guard. What? Said Annie. Why? She has failed to show respect for the great mogul, said the guard. What? Annie said. Annie, Jack warned, but Annie didn't seem to hear him. That's crazy. She's just an animal, she said to the guard. Her voice was fierce. Annie, quiet, please, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The Imperial Guards and the other ambassadors were looking at Annie with alarm. Worst of all.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul was staring at her too.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Your majesty, sir. Any call to the great mogul. She's just an animal. Please don't let anyone hurt her.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Please help her, Annie said to the great mogul.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The great mogul kept staring at Annie, but said nothing. Don't you love animals? Annie asked. The great mogul didn't answer. Don't you love anything? Asked Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The ambassadors gasped. Two of the guards grabbed Annie by her arms. No, please, she, he can't help it, Jack explained to the guards.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] That's just the way my brother is. He can't stop himself from talking. Please tell your ruler that. The great mogul murmured something to a bodyguard. Then he turned and left the balcony. The guard looked startled. He said something in a low voice to the men holding Annie. Jack held his breath. Were they going to drag her away? To his surprise, the guards let Annie go. Is the great mogul going to punish the elephant? Annie asked.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] No, he has not, a guard said. He has given her to you as a gift. What? Said Jack. Really? Said Annie. Given her to us as a gift? What does that mean exactly? Jack asked. It means you must take her home, said the guard. Back to your own country. Take the elephant home, said Jack. Come with me, the guard said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Then you can be the one who carries her up the rope ladder, said Jack. Ha ha, said Annie.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Look, let's just get her out of the red fort first, said Annie. Then we'll figure out what to do. Jack and Annie followed the guard.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] The guards pulled on the rope, forcing the elephant down on her knees. Her eyes looked desperate and furious. Hey, don't hurt her. Jack blurted out. A guard pointed his saber at Jack. Climb on, now, both of you, he said.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] You have caused enough trouble this day. It is a miracle you are still alive.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack clutched his bag and scrambled awkwardly into the straw carriage on the elephant's back. Annie climbed in behind him.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Crammed together they gripped the sides of the carriage.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her name is Morning Breeze, the guard shouted. Take her back to your own land. Go now, before the great mogul changes his mind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] As if obeying the guard, Morning Breeze rose to her full height. She moved quickly across the square and headed down the stone road that led to the gate. Jack and Annie bounced up and down. They clutched the sides of the straw carriage, trying not to fall out.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But Morning Breeze ran even faster, her big leathery ears flapping and her bells jangling.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] She's more like a wind than a breeze, shouted Annie. More like a tornado, Jack yelled.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Morning breeze thundered through the gate and over the wooden drawbridge. Jack and Annie held onto the sides of the carriage for dear life.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] After she'd crossed the moat, the elephant finally slowed to a walk. Morning breeze held her trunk high. She seemed to be sniffing the hot wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We're near the tree house, it's right there in that row of trees, said Jack.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We have the Emerald Rose. If we can just make her stop, we can jump off and go home. We can get out of this heat and away from this place. I know, I know, said Annie, but...


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Stop, stop mourning Breeze, said Jack. Let us off.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] But what about her? said Annie. We can't just leave her here by herself.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Jack looked at Morning Breeze's trunk, waving in the air.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He heard what sounded like crying coming from the wild elephant. She seemed terribly lost and sad.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Suddenly Jack wanted desperately to help the elephant get back to the wild wherever that was.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Alright, he said, keep going, go fast.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] His voice rose to a shout. Hurry! Go morning breeze! Go!


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] Her trunk high in the air, morning breeze kept sniffing the hot wind.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] We'll get her away from here, Jack said to Annie. Then you and I can walk back to the tree house. Great, said Annie. Go. Jack yelled again at the elephant. Go home, go home. He looked over his shoulder.


[User] Please transcribe this text

[Assistant] He was afraid the great mogul might change his mind and send his guards after them. Morning breeze let out a long, deep rumble.