(S (S (BASENP (NN Resistance)) (VP (VP (VBZ has) (RB not)) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN shown) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB increase) (PP (IN in) (NP (BASENP (NNP Japan)) (CC or) (BASENP (NNP Hong) (NNP Kong))))))))))) (PERIOD .))