(S (S (BASENP (JJ Long-term) (NNS effects)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ difficult)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VP (VB speculate) (PRT (RP on))) (PRN (COMMA ,) (ADVP (RB however)) (COMMA ,))) (PP (IN without) (NP (BASENP (JJR better) (NN knowledge)) (PP (IN of) (NP (BASENP (DT the) (NN area)) (CC and) (BASENP (PRPD its) (NNS currents)))))))))))) (PERIOD .))