(S (S (BASENP (NNP Columbia)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VP (VBN damaged) (PP (IN by) (NP (BASENP (DT a) (NN chunk)) (PP (IN of) (BASENP (JJ loose) (NN foam)))))) (PP (IN during) (NP (BASENP (NN takeoff)) (ADVP (BASENP (NN 16) (NNS days)) (RBR earlier)))))))) (PERIOD .))