title: Quantum Relative Lorenz Curves

abstract:
  The theory of majorization and its variants, including thermomajorization,
have been found to play a central role in the formulation of many physical
resource theories, ranging from entanglement theory to quantum thermodynamics.
Here we formulate the framework of quantum relative Lorenz curves, and show how
it is able to unify majorization, thermomajorization, and their noncommutative
analogues. In doing so, we define the family of Hilbert $\alpha$-divergences
and show how it relates with other divergences used in quantum information
theory. We then apply these tools to the problem of deciding the existence of a
suitable transformation from an initial pair of quantum states to a final one,
focusing in particular on applications to the resource theory of athermality, a
precursor of quantum thermodynamics.

categories: quant-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.ST stat.TH


title:
Multiple populations in the old and massive Small Magellanic Cloud
  globular cluster NGC121

abstract:
  We used a combination of optical and near-UV Hubble Space Telescope
photometry and FLAMES/ESO-VLT high-resolution spectroscopy to characterize the
stellar content of the old and massive globular cluster (GC) NGC121 in the
Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We report on the detection of multiple stellar
populations, the first case in the SMC stellar cluster system. This result
enforces the emerging scenario in which the presence of multiple stellar
populations is a distinctive-feature of old and massive GCs regardless of the
environment, as far as the light element distribution is concerned. We find
that second population (SG) stars are more centrally concentrated than first
(FG) ones. More interestingly, at odds with what typically observed in Galactic
GCs, we find that NGC121 is the only cluster so far to be dominated by FG stars
that account for more than 65% of the total cluster mass. In the framework
where GCs were born with a 90-95% of FG stars, this observational finding would
suggest that either NGC121 experienced a milder stellar mass-loss with respect
to Galactic GCs or it formed a smaller fraction of SG stars.


title:
Conditional stability versus ill-posedness for operator equations with
  monotone operators in Hilbert space

abstract:
  In the literature on singular perturbation (Lavrentiev regularization) for
the stable approximate solution of operator equations with monotone operators
in the Hilbert space the phenomena of conditional stability and local
well-posedness and ill-posedness are rarely investigated. Our goal is to
present some studies which try to bridge this gap. So we discuss the impact of
conditional stability on error estimates and convergence rates for the
Lavrentiev regularization and distinguish for linear problems well-posedness
and ill-posedness in a specific manner motivated by a saturation result. The
role of the regularization error in the noise-free case, called bias, is a
crucial point in the paper for nonlinear and linear problems. In particular,
for linear operator equations general convergence rates, including logarithmic
rates, are derived by means of the method of approximate source conditions.
This allows us to extend well-known convergence rates results for the
Lavrentiev regularization that were based on general source conditions to the
case of non-selfadjoint linear monotone forward operators for which general
source conditions fail. Examples presenting the self-adjoint multiplication
operator as well as the non-selfadjoint fractional integral operator and
Ces\`aro operator illustrate the theoretical results. Extensions to the
nonlinear case under specific conditions on the nonlinearity structure complete
the paper.


title:
Electronic and magnetic properties of the 2H-NbS$_2$ intercalated by 3d
  transition metal atoms

abstract:
  The electronic structure and magnetic properties of the 2H-NbS$_2$ compound
intercalated by Cr, Mn and Fe, have been investigated by means of the
Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method. The calculations demonstrate easy plane
magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) of Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$ monotonously
decreasing towards the Curie temperature in line with the experimental results.
The modification of the electronic structure results in a change of the easy
axis from in-plane to out-of-plane. It is shown, that for Cr$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$ and
Mn$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$ the in-plane MCA and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions
results in a helimagnetic structure along the hexagonal $c$ axis, following the
experimental observations. The negative exchange interactions in the
Fe$_{1/3}$NbS$_2$ compound results in a non-collinear frustrated magnetic
structure if the MCA is not taken into account. It is shown, however, that a
strong MCA along the hexagonal $c$ axis leads to a magnetic ordering referred
to as an ordering of the third kind, which was observed experimentally.


title:
Recognition of Triangulation Duals of Simple Polygons With and Without
  Holes

abstract:
  We investigate the problem of determining if a given graph corresponds to the
dual of a triangulation of a simple polygon. This is a graph recognition
problem, where in our particular case we wish to recognize a graph which
corresponds to the dual of a triangulation of a simple polygon with or without
holes and interior points. We show that the difficulty of this problem depends
critically on the amount of information given and we give a sharp boundary
between the various tractable and intractable versions of the problem.


title: Arithmetic Restrictions on Geometric Monodromy

abstract:
  Let X be a normal complex algebraic variety, and p a prime. We show that
there exists an integer N=N(X, p) such that: any non-trivial, irreducible
representation of the fundamental group of X, which arises from geometry, must
be non-trivial mod p^N.
  The proof involves an analysis of the action of the Galois group of a
finitely generated field on the etale fundamental group of X. We also prove
many arithmetic statements about fundamental groups which are of independent
interest, and give several applications.


title:
Theoretical Investigation of Phonon Polaritons in SiC Micropillar
  Resonators

abstract:
  Of late there has been a surge of interest in localised phonon polariton
resonators which allow for sub-diffraction confinement of light in the
mid-infrared spectral region by coupling to optical phonons at the surface of
polar dielectrics. Resonators are generally etched on deep substrates which
support propagative surface phonon polariton resonances. Recent experimental
work has shown that understanding the coupling between localised and
propagative surface phonon polaritons in these systems is vital to correctly
describe the system resonances. In this paper we comprehensively investigate
resonators composed of arrays of cylindrical SiC resonators on SiC substrates.
Our bottom-up approach, starting from the resonances of single, free standing
cylinders and isolated substrates, and exploiting both numerical and analytical
techniques, allows us to develop a consistent understanding of the parameter
space of those resonators, putting on firmer ground this blossoming technology.


title: Tension-dependent Free Energies of Nucleosome Unwrapping

abstract:
  Nucleosomes form the basic unit of compaction within eukaryotic genomes and
their locations represent an important, yet poorly understood, mechanism of
genetic regulation. Quantifying the strength of interactions within the
nucleosome is a central problem in biophysics and is critical to understanding
how nucleosome positions influence gene expression. By comparing to
single-molecule experiments, we demonstrate that a coarse-grained molecular
model of the nucleosome can reproduce key aspects of nucleosome unwrapping.
Using detailed simulations of DNA and histone proteins, we calculate the
tension-dependent free energy surface corresponding to the unwrapping process.
The model reproduces quantitatively the forces required to unwrap the
nucleosome, and reveals the role played by electrostatic interactions during
this process. We then demonstrate that histone modifications and DNA sequence
can have significant effects on the energies of nucleosome formation. Most
notably, we show that histone tails are crucial for stabilizing the outer turn
of nucleosomal DNA.


title: Characterization of projective spaces by Seshadri constants

abstract:
  We prove that an $n$-dimensional complex projective variety is isomorphic to
$\mathbb{P}^n$ if the Seshadri constant of the anti-canonical divisor at some
smooth point is greater than $n$. We also classify complex projective varieties
with Seshadri constants equal to $n$.


title:
Reorientation of the stripe Phase of 2D Electrons by a Minute Density
  Modulation

abstract:
  Interacting two-dimensional electrons confined in a GaAs quantum well exhibit
isotropic transport when the Fermi level resides in the first excited ($N=1$)
Landau level. Adding an in-plane magnetic field ($B_{||}$) typically leads to
an anisotropic, stripe-like (nematic) phase of electrons with the stripes
oriented perpendicular to the $B_{||}$ direction. Our experimental data reveal
how a periodic density modulation, induced by a surface strain grating from
strips of negative electron-beam resist, competes against the $B_{||}$-induced
orientational order of the stripe phase. Even a minute ($<0.25\%$) density
modulation is sufficient to reorient the stripes along the direction of the
surface grating.


title:
Ultra-High Energy Astrophysical Neutrino Detection, and the Search for
  Lorentz Invariance Violations

abstract:
  A growing class of ultra-high energy neutrino (UHE-nu) observatories based on
the Askaryan effect and Antarctic ice is able to search for Lorentz invariance
violation (LIV). The ARA, ARIANNA, ANITA and EVA collaborations have the power
to constrain the Standard Model Extension (SME) by measuring the flux and
energy distribution of neutrinos created through the GZK process. The future
expansion of ARA, at the South Pole, pushes the discovery potential further.


title:
Bayesian Non-Exhaustive Classification A Case Study: Online Name
  Disambiguation using Temporal Record Streams

abstract:
  The name entity disambiguation task aims to partition the records of multiple
real-life persons so that each partition contains records pertaining to a
unique person. Most of the existing solutions for this task operate in a batch
mode, where all records to be disambiguated are initially available to the
algorithm. However, more realistic settings require that the name
disambiguation task be performed in an online fashion, in addition to, being
able to identify records of new ambiguous entities having no preexisting
records. In this work, we propose a Bayesian non-exhaustive classification
framework for solving online name disambiguation task. Our proposed method uses
a Dirichlet process prior with a Normal * Normal * Inverse Wishart data model
which enables identification of new ambiguous entities who have no records in
the training data. For online classification, we use one sweep Gibbs sampler
which is very efficient and effective. As a case study we consider
bibliographic data in a temporal stream format and disambiguate authors by
partitioning their papers into homogeneous groups. Our experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed method is better than existing methods for
performing online name disambiguation task.


title: Lecture notes on 2-dimensional defect TQFT

abstract:
  These notes offer an introduction to the functorial and algebraic description
of 2-dimensional topological quantum field theories `with defects', assuming
only superficial familiarity with closed TQFTs in terms of commutative
Frobenius algebras. The generalisation of this relation is a construction of
pivotal 2-categories from defect TQFTs. We review this construction in detail,
flanked by a range of examples. Furthermore we explain how open/closed TQFTs
are equivalent to Calabi-Yau categories and the Cardy condition, and how to
extract such data from pivotal 2-categories.


title: On light baryons and their excitations

abstract:
  We study ground states and excitations of light octet and decuplet baryons
within the framework of Dyson-Schwinger and Faddeev equations. We improve upon
similar approaches by explicitly taking into account the momentum-dependent
dynamics of the quark-gluon interaction that leads to dynamical chiral symmetry
breaking. We perform calculations in both the three-body Faddeev framework and
the quark-diquark approximation in order to assess the impact of the latter on
the spectrum. Our results indicate that both approaches agree well with each
other. The resulting spectra furthermore agree one-to-one with experiment,
provided well-known deficiencies of the rainbow-ladder approximation are
compensated for. We also discuss the mass evolution of the Roper and the
excited Delta with varying pion mass and analyse the internal structure in
terms of their partial wave decompositions.


title:
PRIIME: A Generic Framework for Interactive Personalized Interesting
  Pattern Discovery

abstract:
  The traditional frequent pattern mining algorithms generate an exponentially
large number of patterns of which a substantial proportion are not much
significant for many data analysis endeavors. Discovery of a small number of
personalized interesting patterns from the large output set according to a
particular user's interest is an important as well as challenging task.
Existing works on pattern summarization do not solve this problem from the
personalization viewpoint. In this work, we propose an interactive pattern
discovery framework named PRIIME which identifies a set of interesting patterns
for a specific user without requiring any prior input on the interestingness
measure of patterns from the user. The proposed framework is generic to support
discovery of the interesting set, sequence and graph type patterns. We develop
a softmax classification based iterative learning algorithm that uses a limited
number of interactive feedback from the user to learn her interestingness
profile, and use this profile for pattern recommendation. To handle sequence
and graph type patterns PRIIME adopts a neural net (NN) based unsupervised
feature construction approach. We also develop a strategy that combines
exploration and exploitation to select patterns for feedback. We show
experimental results on several real-life datasets to validate the performance
of the proposed method. We also compare with the existing methods of
interactive pattern discovery to show that our method is substantially superior
in performance. To portray the applicability of the framework, we present a
case study from the real-estate domain.


title:
Category-measure duality: convexity, mid-point convexity and Berz
  sublinearity

abstract:
  Category-measure duality concerns applications of Baire-category methods that
have measure-theoretic analogues. The set-theoretic axiom needed in connection
with the Baire category theorem is the Axiom of Dependent Choice DC rather than
the Axiom of Choice AC. Berz used the Hahn-Banach Theorem over $\mathbb{Q}$ to
prove that the graph of a measurable sublinear function that is
$\mathbb{Q}_{+}$-homogeneous consists of two half-lines through the origin. We
give a category form of the Berz theorem. Our proof is simpler than that of the
classical measure-theoretic Berz theorem, our result contains Berz's theorem
rather than simply being an analogue of it, and we use only DC rather than AC.
Furthermore, the category form easily generalizes: the graph of a Baire
sublinear function defined on a Banach space is a cone. The results are seen to
be of automatic-continuity type. We use Christensen Haar null sets to extend
the category approach beyond the locally compact setting where Haar measure
exists. We extend Berz's result from Euclidean to Banach spaces, and beyond.
Passing from sublinearity to convexity, we extend the Bernstein-Doetsch theorem
and related continuity results, allowing our conditions to be `local' --
holding off some exceptional set.


title: Chiral Phase Transition and Meson Melting from AdS/QCD

abstract:
  We investigate the in-medium behavior of mesons at finite temperature and
baryon chemical potential within a soft-wall model of AdS/QCD. We use a quartic
scalar potential to obtain the correct form of chiral symmetry breaking. At
zero quark mass the chiral phase transition is second-order, becoming a
crossover at physical quark mass. At zero baryon chemical potential, we find a
chiral transition temperature of 155 MeV in the chiral limit and a
pseudo-transition temperature of 151 MeV at physical quark mass, consistent
with lattice results. In the low-temperature limit, the second-order transition
occurs at a baryon chemical potential of 566 MeV while the rapid crossover
occurs at 559 MeV. A new parameterization of the dilaton profile results in
improved meson spectra. Meson melting occurs at a lower temperature and
chemical potential than the chiral phase transition, so the vector-axial vector
mass splitting remains constant until the bound states melt.


title: Torsional Rigidity, Isospectrality and Quantum Graphs

abstract:
  We study torsional rigidity for graph and quantum graph analogs of well-known
pairs of isospectral non-isometric planar domains. We prove that such
isospectral pairs are distinguished by torsional rigidity.


title: Mixed s-sourcery: Building many-body states using bubbles of Nothing

abstract:
  In arXiv:1407.8203, we introduced the idea of s-sourcery, a general formalism
for building many-body quantum ground states using
renormalization-group-inspired quantum circuits. Here we define a generalized
notion of s-sourcery that applies to mixed states, and study its properties and
applicability. We prove a number of theorems establishing the prevalence of
mixed s-source fixed points. For our examples we focus on thermal states of
local Hamiltonians. Thermal double states (also called thermofield double
states) and the machinery of approximate conditional independence are used
heavily in the constructions.


title:
Mechanical design and development of TES bolometer detector arrays for
  the Advanced ACTPol experiment

abstract:
  The next generation Advanced ACTPol (AdvACT) experiment is currently underway
and will consist of four Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, with
three operating together, totaling ~5800 detectors on the sky. Building on
experience gained with the ACTPol detector arrays, AdvACT will utilize various
new technologies, including 150mm detector wafers equipped with multichroic
pixels, allowing for a more densely packed focal plane. Each set of detectors
includes a feedhorn array of stacked silicon wafers which form a spline profile
leading to each pixel. This is then followed by a waveguide interface plate,
detector wafer, back short cavity plate, and backshort cap. Each array is
housed in a custom designed structure manufactured from high purity copper and
then gold plated. In addition to the detector array assembly, the array package
also encloses cryogenic readout electronics. We present the full mechanical
design of the AdvACT high frequency (HF) detector array package along with a
detailed look at the detector array stack assemblies. This experiment will also
make use of extensive hardware and software previously developed for ACT, which
will be modified to incorporate the new AdvACT instruments. Therefore, we
discuss the integration of all AdvACT arrays with pre-existing ACTPol
infrastructure.


title: A New Bengali Readability Score

abstract:
  In this paper we have proposed methods to analyze the readability of Bengali
language texts. We have got some exceptionally good results out of the
experiments.


title: Critical Properties of the Many-Body Localization Transition

abstract:
  The transition from a many-body localized phase to a thermalizing one is a
dynamical quantum phase transition which lies outside the framework of
equilibrium statistical mechanics. We provide a detailed study of the critical
properties of this transition at finite sizes in one dimension. We find that
the entanglement entropy of small subsystems looks strongly subthermal in the
quantum critical regime, which indicates that it varies discontinuously across
the transition as the system-size is taken to infinity, even though many other
aspects of the transition look continuous. We also study the variance of the
half-chain entanglement entropy which shows a peak near the transition, and
find substantial variation in the entropy across eigenstates of the same
sample. Further, the sample-to-sample variations in this quantity are strongly
growing, and larger than the intra-sample variations. We posit that these
results are consistent with a picture in which the transition to the thermal
phase is driven by an eigenstate-dependent sparse resonant "backbone" of
long-range entanglement, which just barely gains enough strength to thermalize
the system on the thermal side of the transition as the system size is taken to
infinity. This discontinuity in a global quantity --- the presence of a fully
functional bath --- in turn implies a discontinuity even for local properties.
We discuss how this picture compares with existing renormalization group
treatments of the transition.


title: A characterization of homology manifolds with $g_2\leq 2$

abstract:
  We characterize homology manifolds with $g_2\leq 2$. Specifically, using
retriangulations of simplicial complexes, we give a short proof of Nevo and
Novinsky's result on the characterization of homology $(d-1)$-spheres with
$g_2=1$ for $d\geq 5$ and extend it to the class of normal pseudomanifolds. We
proceed to prove that every prime homology manifold with $g_2=2$ is obtained by
centrally retriangulating a polytopal sphere with $g_2\leq 1$ along a certain
subcomplex. This implies that all homology manifolds with $g_2=2$ are polytopal
spheres.


title: Independent Resampling Sequential Monte Carlo Algorithms

abstract:
  Sequential Monte Carlo algorithms, or Particle Filters, are Bayesian
filtering algorithms which propagate in time a discrete and random
approximation of the a posteriori distribution of interest. Such algorithms are
based on Importance Sampling with a bootstrap resampling step which aims at
struggling against weights degeneracy. However, in some situations (informative
measurements, high dimensional model), the resampling step can prove
inefficient. In this paper, we revisit the fundamental resampling mechanism
which leads us back to Rubin's static resampling mechanism. We propose an
alternative rejuvenation scheme in which the resampled particles share the same
marginal distribution as in the classical setup, but are now independent. This
set of independent particles provides a new alternative to compute a moment of
the target distribution and the resulting estimate is analyzed through a CLT.
We next adapt our results to the dynamic case and propose a particle filtering
algorithm based on independent resampling. This algorithm can be seen as a
particular auxiliary particle filter algorithm with a relevant choice of the
first-stage weights and instrumental distributions. Finally we validate our
results via simulations which carefully take into account the computational
budget.


title:
Phase models and clustering in networks of oscillators with delayed
  coupling

abstract:
  We consider a general model for a network of oscillators with time delayed,
circulant coupling. We use the theory of weakly coupled oscillators to reduce
the system of delay differential equations to a phase model where the time
delay enters as a phase shift. We use the phase model to study the existence
and stability of cluster solutions. Cluster solutions are phase locked
solutions where the oscillators separate into groups. Oscillators within a
group are synchronized while those in different groups are phase-locked. We
give model independent existence and stability results for symmetric cluster
solutions. We show that the presence of the time delay can lead to the
coexistence of multiple stable clustering solutions. We apply our analytical
results to a network of Morris Lecar neurons and compare these results with
numerical continuation and simulation studies.


title:
Performance Enhancement of Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors by
  Chemical Doping

abstract:
  In this letter, a new approach to chemically dope black phosphorus (BP) is
presented, which significantly enhances the device performance of BP
field-effect transistors for an initial period of 18 h, before degrading to
previously reported levels. By applying
2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), low ON-state
resistance of 3.2 ohm.mm and high field-effect mobility of 229 cm2/Vs are
achieved with a record high drain current of 532 mA/mm at a moderate channel
length of 1.5 {\mu}m.


title:
Cluster Assisted Water Dissociation Mechanism in MOF-74 and Controlling
  it Using Helium

abstract:
  We show that the water dissociation reaction H$_2$O$\rightarrow$OH+H in the
confined environment of MOF-74 channels can be precisely controlled by the
addition of the noble gas He. Elucidating the entire reaction process with ab
initio methods and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we prove that the interaction
between water molecules is critical to the formation of water clusters, which
reduce the dissociation barrier by up to 37% and thus influence the reaction
significantly. Our time-resolved IR measurements confirm that the formation of
these clusters can be suppressed by introducing He gas, providing unprecedented
control over water dissociation rates. Since the water dissociation reaction is
the cause of the structural instability of MOF-74 in the presence of water, our
finding of the reaction mechanism lays the groundwork for designing water
stable versions of MOF-74 as well as understanding water related phenomena in
MOFs in general.


title: The Effect of Nearby Voids on Galaxy Number Counts

abstract:
  The size, shape and degree of emptiness of void interiors sheds light on the
details of galaxy formation. A particularly interesting question is whether
void interiors are completely empty or contain a dwarf population. However the
nearby voids that are most conducive for dwarf searches have large angular
diameters, on the order of a steradian, making it difficult to redshift-map a
statistically significant portion of their volume to the magnitude limit of
dwarf galaxies. As part of addressing this problem, we investigate here the
usefulness of number counts in establishing the best locations to search inside
nearby (d < 300 Mpc) galaxy voids, utilizing Wolf plots of log(n < m) vs. m as
the basic diagnostic. To illustrate expected signatures, we consider the
signature of three void profiles, "cut out", "built up", and "universal
profile" carved into Monte-Carlo Schechter function models. We then investigate
the signatures of voids in the Millennium Run dark matter simulation and the
Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We find in all of these the evidence for cut-out and
built-up voids is most discernible when the void diameter is similar to the
distance to its center. However the density distribution of the universal
profile that is characteristic of actual voids is essentially undetectable at
any distance. A useful corollary of this finding is that galaxy counts are a
reliable measure of survey completeness and stellar contamination even when
sampling through significant voids.


title:
Geometric Phase Effects in the Ultracold D + HD $\to$ D + HD and D + HD
  $\leftrightarrow$ H + D$_2$ Reactions

abstract:
  The results of accurate quantum reactive scattering calculations for the D +
HD($v=4$, $j=0$) $\to$ D + HD($v'$, $j'$), D + HD($v=4$, $j=0$) $\to$ H +
D$_2$($v'$, $j'$) and H + D$_2$($v=4$, $j=0$) $\to$ D + HD($v'$,$j'$) reactions
are presented for collision energies between $1\,\mu{\rm K}$ and $100\,{\rm
K}$. The ${\it ab\ initio}$ BKMP2 PES for the ground electronic state of H$_3$
is used and all values of total angular momentum between $J=0-4$ are included.
The general vector potential approach is used to include the geometric phase.
The rotationally resolved, vibrationally resolved, and total reaction rate
coefficients are reported as a function of collision energy. Rotationally
resolved differential cross sections are also reported as a function of
collision energy and scattering angle. Large geometric phase effects appear in
the ultracold reaction rate coefficients which result in a significant
enhancement or suppression of the rate coefficient (up to $3$ orders of
magnitude) relative to calculations which ignore the geometric phase. The
results are interpreted using a new quantum interference mechanism which is
unique to ultracold collisions. Significant effects of the geometric phase also
appear in the rotationally resolved differential cross sections which lead to a
very different oscillatory structure in both energy and scattering angle.
Several shape resonances occur in the $1$ - $10\,{\rm K}$ energy range and the
geometric phase is shown to significantly alter the predicted resonance
spectrum. The geometric phase effects depend sensitively on the nuclear spin
which may provide experimentalists with the ability to control the reaction by
the selection of a particular nuclear spin state.


title:
Search for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV with missing
  transverse momentum and vector boson tagged jets

abstract:
  A search is presented for an excess of events with large missing transverse
momentum in association with at least one highly energetic jet, in a data
sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The
data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns
collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results are interpreted using a
set of simplified models for the production of dark matter via a scalar,
pseudoscalar, vector, or axial vector mediator. Additional sensitivity is
achieved by tagging events consistent with the jets originating from a
hadronically decaying vector boson. This search uses jet substructure
techniques to identify hadronically decaying vector bosons in both
Lorentz-boosted and resolved scenarios. This analysis yields improvements of
80% in terms of excluded signal cross sections with respect to the previous CMS
analysis using the same data set. No significant excess with respect to the
standard model expectation is observed and limits are placed on the parameter
space of the simplified models. Mediator masses between 80 and 400 GeV in the
scalar and pseudoscalar models, and up to 1.5 TeV in the vector and axial
vector models, are excluded.


title: Features and Kernels for Audio Event Recognition

abstract:
  One of the most important problems in audio event detection research is
absence of benchmark results for comparison with any proposed method. Different
works consider different sets of events and datasets which makes it difficult
to comprehensively analyze any novel method with an existing one. In this paper
we propose to establish results for audio event recognition on two recent
publicly-available datasets. In particular we use Gaussian Mixture model based
feature representation and combine them with linear as well as non-linear
kernel Support Vector Machines.


title: Destabilising compact warped product Einstein manifolds

abstract:
  The linear stability of warped product Einstein metrics as fixed points of
the Ricci flow is investigated. We generalise the results of Gibbons, Hartnoll
and Pope and show that in sufficiently low dimensions, all warped product
Einstein metrics are unstable. By exploiting the relationship between warped
product Einstein metrics, quasi-Einstein metrics and Ricci solitons, we
introduce a new destabilising perturbation (the Ricci variation) and show that
certain infinite families of warped product Einstein metrics will be unstable
in high dimensions.


title:
A new method for shadow calculations: application to parameterised
  axisymmetric black holes

abstract:
  Collaborative international efforts under the name of the Event Horizon
Telescope project, using sub- mm very long baseline interferometry, are soon
expected to provide the first images of the shadow cast by the candidate
supermassive black hole in our Galactic center, Sagittarius A*. Observations of
this shadow would provide direct evidence of the existence of astrophysical
black holes. Although it is expected that astrophysical black holes are
described by the axisymmetric Kerr solution, there also exist many other black
hole solutions, both in general relativity and in other theories of gravity,
which cannot presently be ruled out. To this end, we present calculations of
black hole shadow images from various metric theories of gravity as described
by our recent work on a general parameterisation of axisymmetric black holes
[R. Konoplya, L. Rezzolla and A. Zhidenko, Phys. Rev. D 93, 064015 (2016)]. An
algorithm to perform general ray-tracing calculations for any metric theory of
gravity is first outlined and then employed to demonstrate that even for
extremal metric deformation parameters of various black hole spacetimes, this
parameterisation is both robust and rapidly convergent to the correct solution.


title:
Modelling the multi-wavelength emission of flat spectrum radio quasar 3C
  279

abstract:
  We employ a length-dependent conical jet model for the jet structure and
emission properties of flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 in the steady state.
In the model, ultra-relativistic leptons are injected at the base of jet and
propagate along the jet structure, non-thermal photons are produced by both
synchrotron emission and inverse Comtpon scattering off synchrotron photons and
external soft photons at each segment of jet. We derive the total energy
spectra contribution through integrating every segment. We apply the model to
the quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength observed data of two quiescent epoches.
Using the observed radio data of source, we determine the length of jet $L\sim
100$ pc, and magnetic field $B_{0}\sim 0.1-1$ G at the base of jet. Assuming a
steady geometry of the jet structure and suitable physical parameters, we
reproduce the multi-wavelength spectra during two quiescent observed epoches,
respectively. Our results show that the initial $\gamma$-ray emission site
takes place at $\sim 0.5$ pc from black hole.


title:
Axions And Self-Interacting Dark Matter In The Heterotic String-Derived
  Model

abstract:
  After revisiting the heterotic string-derived low-energy effective model of
\cite{Ashfaque:2016ydg, Athanasopoulos:2014bba, Faraggi:2016xnm,
Ashfaque:2016jha} constructed in the four-dimensional free fermionic
formulation, we find two axions which are either harmful or massive. As a
direct consequence, they can not solve the strong $CP$ problem which is in
complete agreement with \cite{Lopez:1990iq, Halyo:1993xn}. We also explore the
possibility of the self-interacting dark matter residing in the non-Abelian
gauge group present in the hidden sector \cite{Faraggi:2000pv}. We find that
the low-energy string-derived model naturally welcomes the self-interacting
dark matter as $4$ copies of the non-Abelian, hidden $SU(2)$ gauge group factor
are present.


title: Stretch Factor of Long Paths in a planar Poisson-Delaunay Triangulation

abstract:
  Let $X:=X_n\cup\{(0,0),(1,0)\}$, where $X_n$ is a planar Poisson point
process of intensity $n$. We provide a first non-trivial lower bound for the
distance between the expected length of the shortest path between $(0,0)$ and
$(1,0)$ in the Delaunay triangulation associated with $X$ when the intensity of
$X_n$ goes to infinity. Experimental values indicate that the correct value is
about 1.04. We also prove that the expected number of Delaunay edges crossed by
the line segment $[(0,0),(1,0)]$ is equivalent to $2.16\sqrt{n}$ and that the
expected length of a particular path converges to 1.18 giving an upper bound on
the stretch factor.


title:
Mathematical analysis of the spreading of a rumor among different
  subgroups of spreaders

abstract:
  This paper presents a system of differential equations that describes the
spreading of a rumor when it is propagated by different subgroups of spreaders.
The system that is developed is a generalization of the model proposed by Daley
and Kendall. Finally, the system is applied to the exchange rate of the
parallel dollar in Venezuela, where the source data that was used were obtained
from Google Trends.


title:
A classification of degree $2$ semi-stable rational maps
  $\mathbb{P}^2\to\mathbb{P}^2$ with large finite dynamical automorphism group

abstract:
  Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. In this paper
we classify the $\text{PGL}_3(K)$-conjugacy classes of semi-stable dominant
degree $2$ rational maps $f:{\mathbb P}^2_K\dashrightarrow{\mathbb P}^2_K$
whose automorphism group $$\text{Aut}(f):=\{\phi\in\text{PGL}_3(K):
\phi^{-1}\circ f\circ\phi=f\}$$ is finite and of order at least $3$. In
particular, we prove that $\#\text{Aut}(f)\le24$ in general, that
$\#\text{Aut}(f)\le21$ for morphisms, and that $\#\text{Aut}(f)\le6$ for all
but finitely many conjugacy classes of $f$.


title: Almost prime solutions to diophantine systems of high rank

abstract:
  Let $\F$ be a family of $r$ integral forms of degree $k\geq 2$ and
$\LL=(l_1,\ldots,l_m)$ be a family of pairwise linearly independent linear
forms in $n$ variables $\x=(x_1,...,x_n)$. We study the number of solutions
$\x\in[1,N]^n$ to the diophantine system $\F(\x)=\vv$ under the restriction
that $l_i(\x)$ has a bounded number of prime factors for each $1\leq i\leq m$.
We show that the system $\F$ have the expected number of such "almost prime"
solutions under similar conditions as was established for existence of integer
solutions by Birch.


title: Domain Variations for Moving Boundary Problems

abstract:
  In the past few decades maximal regularity theory has successfully been
applied to moving boundary problems. The basic idea is to reduce the system
with varying domains to one in a fixed domain. This is done by a transformation
(the so-called Hanzawa transformation) and yields a typically nonlocal and
nonlinear coupled system of (evolution) equations. Well-posedness results can
then often be established as soon as it is proved that the relevant
linearization is the generator of an analytic semigroup or admits maximal
regularity. To implement this program, it is necessary to somehow parametrize
to space of boundaries/domains (typically the space of compact hypersurfaces
$\Gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, in the Euclidean setting). This has traditionally
been achieved by means of the already mentioned Hanzawa transformation. The
approach, while successful, requires the introduction of a smooth manifold
$\Gamma_\infty$ close to the manifold $\Gamma_0$ in which one cares to
linearize. This prevents one to use coordinates in which $\Gamma_0$ lies at
their "center". As a result formul{\ae} tend to contain terms that would
otherwise not be present were one able to linearize in a neighborhood emanating
from $\Gamma_0$ instead of from $\Gamma_\infty$. In this paper it is made use
of flows (curves of diffeomorphisms) to obtain a general form of the relevant
linearization in combination with an alternative coordinatization of the
manifold of hypersurfaces, which circumvents the need for the introduction of a
"phantom" reference manifold $\Gamma_\infty$ by, in its place, making use of a
"phantom geometry" on $\Gamma_0$. The upshot is a clear insight into the
structure of the linearization, simplified calculations, and simpler
formul{\ae} for the resulting linear operators, which are useful in
applications.


title: Vortices and spirals in the HD135344B transition disk

abstract:
  In recent years spiral structures have been seen in scattered light
observations and signs of vortices in millimeter images of protoplanetary
disks, both probably linked with the presence of planets. We present ALMA Band
7 (335 GHz or 0.89 mm) continuum observations of the transition disk HD135344B
at unprecedented spatial resolution of 0.16", using superuniform weighting. The
data show that the asymmetric millimeter dust ring seen in previous work
actually consists of an inner ring and an outer asymmetric structure. The outer
feature is cospatial with the end of one of the spiral arms seen in scattered
light, but the feature itself is not consistent with a spiral arm due to its
coradiance. We propose a new possible scenario to explain the observed
structures at both wavelengths. Hydrodynamical simulations show that a massive
planet can generate a primary vortex (which dissipates at longer timescales,
becoming an axisymmetric ring) and trigger the formation of a second generation
vortex further out. Within this scenario the two spiral arms observed at
scattered light originate from a planet at ~30 AU and from the secondary vortex
at ~75 AU rather than a planet further out as previously reported.


title:
Going Back to Neil Sloane's FIRST LOVE (OEIS Sequence A435): On the
  Total Heights in Rooted Labeled Trees

abstract:
  In this tribute to Neil Sloane, we revisit the first sequence in the On-Line
Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, sequence A435 (1, 8, 78, 944, 13800, 237432,
4708144, 105822432, ...), that he encountered when he was a graduate student,
and when normalized gives the average total height of rooted labeled trees. We
state rigorously-computed explicit expressions for the first twelve moments of
the random variable `total height' on rooted labeled trees, and pledge to
donate to the OEIS 100 dollars in honor of the first to find an explicit
expression for the probability density function of the limiting scaled
probability distribution, as n goes to infinity.


title: A Transversal for horocycle flow on H(2)

abstract:
  Using zippered rectangle coordinates we parametrize a Poincar\'e section for
horocycle flow on the space of genus 2 translation surfaces with one singular
cone point of angle $6\pi$. In addition, we bound the return time under
horocycle flow to this Poincar\'e section by examining a subset of surfaces
where a certain sum of parameters is large.


title: $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric slowing-down of decoherence

abstract:
  We investigate $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric quantum systems
ultra-weakly coupled to an environment. We find that such open systems evolve
under $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric, purely dephasing and unital dynamics.
The dynamical map describing the evolution is then determined explicitly using
a quantum canonical transformation. Furthermore, we provide an explanation of
why $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric dephasing type interactions lead to
\emph{critical slowing down of decoherence}. This effect is further exemplified
with an experimentally relevant system -- a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric
qubit easily realizable, \emph{e.g.}, in optical or microcavity experiments.


title:
Low frequency observations of linearly polarized structures in the
  interstellar medium near the south Galactic pole

abstract:
  We present deep polarimetric observations at 154 MHz with the Murchison
Widefield Array (MWA), covering 625 deg^2 centered on RA=0 h, Dec=-27 deg. The
sensitivity available in our deep observations allows an in-band,
frequency-dependent analysis of polarized structure for the first time at long
wavelengths. Our analysis suggests that the polarized structures are dominated
by intrinsic emission but may also have a foreground Faraday screen component.
At these wavelengths, the compactness of the MWA baseline distribution provides
excellent snapshot sensitivity to large-scale structure. The observations are
sensitive to diffuse polarized emission at ~54' resolution with a sensitivity
of 5.9 mJy beam^-1 and compact polarized sources at ~2.4' resolution with a
sensitivity of 2.3 mJy beam^-1 for a subset (400 deg^2) of this field. The
sensitivity allows the effect of ionospheric Faraday rotation to be spatially
and temporally measured directly from the diffuse polarized background. Our
observations reveal large-scale structures (~1 deg - 8 deg in extent) in linear
polarization clearly detectable in ~2 minute snapshots, which would remain
undetectable by interferometers with minimum baseline lengths >110 m at 154
MHz. The brightness temperature of these structures is on average 4 K in
polarized intensity, peaking at 11 K. Rotation measure synthesis reveals that
the structures have Faraday depths ranging from -2 rad m^-2 to 10 rad m^-2 with
a large fraction peaking at ~+1 rad m^-2. We estimate a distance of 51+/-20 pc
to the polarized emission based on measurements of the in-field pulsar
J2330-2005. We detect four extragalactic linearly polarized point sources
within the field in our compact source survey. Based on the known polarized
source population at 1.4 GHz and non-detections at 154 MHz, we estimate an
upper limit on the depolarization ratio of 0.08 from 1.4 GHz to 154 MHz.


title:
Nonlinear Eigenvalue Approach to Differential Riccati Equations for
  Contraction Analysis

abstract:
  In this paper, we extend the eigenvalue method of the algebraic Riccati
equation to the differential Riccati equation (DRE) in contraction analysis.
One of the main results is showing that solutions to the DRE can be expressed
as functions of nonlinear eigenvectors of the differential Hamiltonian matrix.
Moreover, under an assumption for the differential Hamiltonian matrix, real
symmetricity, regularity, and positive semidefiniteness of solutions are
characterized by nonlinear eigenvalues and eigenvectors.


title:
Spatially Supervised Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual
  Object Tracking

abstract:
  In this paper, we develop a new approach of spatially supervised recurrent
convolutional neural networks for visual object tracking. Our recurrent
convolutional network exploits the history of locations as well as the
distinctive visual features learned by the deep neural networks. Inspired by
recent bounding box regression methods for object detection, we study the
regression capability of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) in the temporal domain,
and propose to concatenate high-level visual features produced by convolutional
networks with region information. In contrast to existing deep learning based
trackers that use binary classification for region candidates, we use
regression for direct prediction of the tracking locations both at the
convolutional layer and at the recurrent unit. Our extensive experimental
results and performance comparison with state-of-the-art tracking methods on
challenging benchmark video tracking datasets shows that our tracker is more
accurate and robust while maintaining low computational cost. For most test
video sequences, our method achieves the best tracking performance, often
outperforms the second best by a large margin.


title: Emergent spin-valley-orbital physics by spontaneous parity breaking

abstract:
  The spin-orbit coupling in the absence of spatial inversion symmetry plays an
important role in realizing intriguing electronic states in solids, such as
topological insulators and unconventional superconductivity. Usually, the
inversion symmetry breaking is inherent in the lattice structures, and hence,
it is not easy to control these interesting properties by external parameters.
We here theoretically investigate the possibility of generating the
spin-orbital entanglement by spontaneous electronic ordering caused by electron
correlations. In particular, we focus on the centrosymmetric lattices with
local asymmetry at the lattice sites, e.g., zig-zag, honeycomb, and diamond
structures. In such systems, conventional staggered orders, such as charge
order and antiferromagnetic order, break the inversion symmetry and activate
the antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling, which is hidden in a
sublattice-dependent form in the paramagnetic state. Considering a minimal
two-orbital model on a honeycomb lattice, we scrutinize the explicit form of
the antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling for all the possible staggered charge,
spin, orbital, and spin-orbital orders. We show that the complete table is
useful for understanding of spin-valley-orbital physics, such as spin and
valley splitting in the electronic band structure and generalized
magnetoelectric responses in not only spin but also orbital and spin-orbital
channels, reflecting in peculiar magnetic, elastic, and optical properties in
solids.


title:
Theory of inclusive breakup cross section for Borromean nuclei within a
  four-body spectator model

abstract:
  We develop a model to treat the inclusive non-elastic break up reactions
involving weakly bound three-cluster nuclei. Borromean, two-nucleon, halo
nuclei are candidates of unstable three-fragments projectiles. The model is
based on the theory of inclusive breakup reactions commonly employed in the
treatment of incomplete fusion and surrogate method. The theory was developed
in the 80's by Ichimura, Autern and Vincent (IAV) [Phys. Rev. C 32, 431 (1985)]
\cite{IAV1985}, Udagawa and Tamura (UT)[Phys. Rev. C 24, 1348 (1981)],
\cite{UT1981} and Hussein and McVoy (HM)[Nucl. Phys. A 445, 124 (1985)],
\cite{HM1985}. We extend these three-body theories to derive an expression for
the fragment yield in the reaction $A\,(a,b)\,X$, where the projectile is $a =
x_1 + x_2 + b$. The inclusive breakup cross section is found to be the sum of a
generalized four-body form of the elastic breakup cross section plus the
inclusive non-elastic breakup cross section which involves the "reaction" cross
section of the participant fragments, $x_1$ and $x_2$. The final result is
similar to the three-body case reviewed in Austern, et al. (Phys. Rep.
\textbf{154}, 125 (1987)), \cite{Austern1987}, but with important genuine
four-body effects added, both in the elastic breakup cross section, which now
contains the full correlations between the participant fragments, and in the
inclusive non- elastic breakup. These developments should encourage
experimentalists to seek more information about the $x_{1} + x_{2}$ system in
the elastic breakup cross section, and to theorists to further develop and
extend the surrogate method, based on the inclusive non-elastic breakup part of
the $b$ spectrum.


title: Deploying an Information Centric Smart Lighting System in the Wild

abstract:
  In this paper, we present a NDN based smart home lighting solution where
lights are automatically controlled in near real time based on occupancy and
daylight. We implemented a reliable solution using NDN architecture exploiting
the primitive NDN features in push based data dissemination, multicast
forwarding through name prefixes and Interest filtering in application layer.
Performance was evaluated benchmarking with respect to a cloud based approach
in terms of message delivery latency. Scalability of the solution was also
analyzed presenting an analysis on FIB scalability based on Interest filtering.
Finally, from this study, we recommend and highlight a few requirements that
could improve NDN for sustainable IoT applications.


title: Entangled Harmonic Oscillators and Space-time Entanglement

abstract:
  The mathematical basis for the Gaussian entanglement is discussed in detail,
as well as its implications in the internal space-time structure of
relativistic extended particles. It is shown that the Gaussian entanglement
shares the same set of mathematical formulas with the harmonic oscillator in
the Lorentz-covariant world. It is thus possible to transfer the concept of
entanglement to the Lorentz-covariant picture of the bound state which requires
both space and time separations between two constituent particles. These space
and time variables become entangled as the bound state moves with a
relativistic speed. It is shown also that our inability to measure the
time-separation variable leads to an entanglement entropy together with a rise
in the temperature of the bound state. As was noted by Paul A. M. Dirac in
1963, the system of two oscillators contains the symmetries of O(3,2) de Sitter
group containing two O(3,1) Lorentz groups as its subgroups. Dirac noted also
that the system contains the symmetry of the Sp(4) group which serves as the
basic language for two-mode squeezed states. Since the Sp(4) symmetry contains
both rotations and squeezes, one interesting case is the combination of
rotation and squeeze resulting in a shear. While the current literature is
mostly on the entanglement based on squeeze along the normal coordinates, the
shear transformation is an interesting future possibility. The mathematical
issues on this problem are clarified.


title: Erasure-Resilient Property Testing

abstract:
  Property testers form an important class of sublinear algorithms. In the
standard property testing model, an algorithm accesses the input function via
an oracle that returns function values at all queried domain points. In many
realistic situations, the oracle may be unable to reveal the function values at
some domain points due to privacy concerns, or when some of the values get
erased by mistake or by an adversary.
  We initiate a study of property testers that are resilient to the presence of
adversarially erased function values. An alpha-erasure-resilient epsilon-tester
for a property P is given parameters alpha, epsilon in (0,1), along with oracle
access to a function f such that at most an alpha fraction of the function
values have been erased. The tester does not know whether a point is erased
unless it queries that point. The tester has to accept with high probability if
there is a way to assign values to the erased points such that the resulting
function satisfies P. It has to reject with high probability if, for all
assignments of values to the erased points, the resulting function has to be
changed in at least an epsilon-fraction of the nonerased domain points to
satisfy P.
  We design erasure-resilient property testers for a large class of properties.
For some properties, it is possible to obtain erasure-resilient testers by
using standard testers as a black box. But there are more challenging
properties for which all known testers rely on querying a specific point. If
this point is erased, all these testers break. We give efficient
erasure-resilient testers for several classes of such properties including
monotonicity, the Lipschitz property, and convexity. Finally, we describe a
property that can be epsilon-tested with O(1/epsilon) queries in the standard
model, whereas testing it in the erasure-resilient model requires number of
queries polynomial in the input size.


title:
Musings on Lorentz Violation Given the Recent Gravitational-Wave
  Observations of Coalescing Binary Black Holes

abstract:
  The recent observation of gravitational waves by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration
provides a unique opportunity to probe the extreme gravity of coalescing binary
black holes. In this regime, the gravitational interaction is not only strong,
but the spacetime curvature is large, characteristic velocities are a
non-negligible fraction of the speed of light, and the time scale on which the
curvature and gravity change is small. This contribution discusses some
consequences of these observations on modifications to General Relativity, with
a special emphasis on Lorentz-violating theories.


title: Rational exponents for hypergraph Turan problems

abstract:
  Given a family of $k$-hypergraphs $\mathcal{F}$, $ex(n,\mathcal{F})$ is the
maximum number of edges a $k$-hypergraph can have, knowing that said hypergraph
has $n$ vertices but contains no copy of any hypergraph from $\mathcal{F}$ as a
subgraph. We prove that for every rational $r$ between $0$ and $k-1$, there
exists some finite family $\mathcal{F}$ of $k$-hypergraphs for which
$ex(n,\mathcal{F})=\Theta(n^{k-r})$.


title:
The X-ray luminosity function of M37 and the evolution of coronal
  activity in low-mass stars

abstract:
  We use a 440.5 ks Chandra observation of the $\approx$500-Myr-old open
cluster M37 to derive the X-ray luminosity functions of its $\leq1.2$
$M_{\odot}$ stars. Combining detections of 162 M37 members with upper limits
for 160 non-detections, we find that its G, K, and M stars have a similar
median (0.5$-$7 keV) X-ray luminosity L$_X =10^{29.0}$ erg/s, whereas the
L$_X$-to-bolometric-luminosity ratio (L$_X$/L$_{bol}$) indicates that M stars
are more active than G and K stars by $\approx$1 order of magnitude at 500 Myr.
To characterize the evolution of magnetic activity in low-mass stars over their
first $\approx$600 Myr, we consolidate X-ray and optical data from the
literature for stars in six other open clusters: from youngest to oldest, the
Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), NGC 2547, NGC 2516, the Pleiades, NGC 6475, and the
Hyades. For these, we homogenize the conversion of instrumental count rates to
L$_X$ by applying the same one-temperature emission model as for M37, and
obtain masses using the same empirical mass-absolute magnitude relation (except
for the ONC). We find that for G and K stars X-ray activity decreases
$\approx$2 orders of magnitude over their first 600 Myr, and for M stars,
$\approx$1.5. The decay rate of the median L$_X$ follows the relation L$_X
\propto~t^b$, where $b=-0.61\pm0.12$ for G, $-0.82\pm0.16$ for K, and
$-0.40\pm0.17$ for M stars. In L$_X$/L$_{bol}$ space, the slopes are
$-0.68\pm0.12$, $-0.81\pm0.19$, and $-0.61\pm0.12$, respectively. These results
suggest that for low-mass stars the age-activity relation steepens after
$\approx$625 Myr, consistent with the faster decay in activity observed in
solar analogs at $t>1$ Gyr.


title:
A self-adaptive moving mesh method for the short pulse equation via its
  hodograph link to the sine-Gordon equation

abstract:
  The short pulse equation was introduced by Schaefer--Wayne (2004) for
modeling the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses. While it can describe a
wide range of solutions, its ultrashort pulse solutions with a few cycles,
which the conventional nonlinear Schroedinger equation does not possess, have
drawn much attention. In such a region, existing numerical methods turn out to
require very fine numerical mesh, and accordingly are computationally
expensive. In this paper, we establish a new efficient numerical method by
combining the idea of the hodograph transformation and the structure-preserving
numerical methods. The resulting scheme is a self-adaptive moving mesh scheme
that can successfully capture not only the ultrashort pulses but also exotic
solutions such as loop soliton solutions.


title: Minimizing Uncertainty through Sensor Placement with Angle Constraints

abstract:
  We study the problem of sensor placement in environments in which
localization is a necessity, such as ad-hoc wireless sensor networks that allow
the placement of a few anchors that know their location or sensor arrays that
are tracking a target. In most of these situations, the quality of localization
depends on the relative angle between the target and the pair of sensors
observing it. In this paper, we consider placing a small number of sensors
which ensure good angular $\alpha$-coverage: given $\alpha$ in $[0,\pi/2]$, for
each target location $t$, there must be at least two sensors $s_1$ and $s_2$
such that the $\angle(s_1 t s_2)$ is in the interval $[\alpha, \pi-\alpha]$.
One of the main difficulties encountered in such problems is that since the
constraints depend on at least two sensors, building a solution must account
for the inherent dependency between selected sensors, a feature that generic
Set Cover techniques do not account for. We introduce a general framework that
guarantees an angular coverage that is arbitrarily close to $\alpha$ for any
$\alpha <= \pi/3$ and apply it to a variety of problems to get bi-criteria
approximations. When the angular coverage is required to be at least a constant
fraction of $\alpha$, we obtain results that are strictly better than what
standard geometric Set Cover methods give. When the angular coverage is
required to be at least $(1-1/\delta)\cdot\alpha$, we obtain a
$\mathcal{O}(\log \delta)$- approximation for sensor placement with
$\alpha$-coverage on the plane. In the presence of additional distance or
visibility constraints, the framework gives a $\mathcal{O}(\log\delta\cdot\log
k_{OPT})$-approximation, where $k_{OPT}$ is the size of the optimal solution.
We also use our framework to give a $\mathcal{O}(\log \delta)$-approximation
that ensures $(1-1/\delta)\cdot \alpha$-coverage and covers every target within
distance $3R$.


title:
ZASPE: A Code to Measure Stellar Atmospheric Parameters and their
  Covariance from Spectra

abstract:
  We describe the Zonal Atmospheric Stellar Parameters Estimator (ZASPE), a new
algorithm, and its associated code, for determining precise stellar atmospheric
parameters and their uncertainties from high resolution echelle spectra of
FGK-type stars. ZASPE estimates stellar atmospheric parameters by comparing the
observed spectrum against a grid of synthetic spectra only in the most
sensitive spectral zones to changes in the atmospheric parameters. Realistic
uncertainties in the parameters are computed from the data itself, by taking
into account the systematic mismatches between the observed spectrum and the
best-fit synthetic one. The covariances between the parameters are also
estimated in the process. ZASPE can in principle use any pre-calculated grid of
synthetic spectra. We tested the performance of two existing libraries (Coehelo
et al. 2005, Husser et al. 2013) and we concluded that neither is suitable for
computing precise atmospheric parameters. We describe a process to synthesise a
new library of synthetic spectra that was found to generate consistent results
when compared with parameters obtained with different methods (interferometry,
asteroseismology, equivalent widths).


title:
Electron tunneling through a single magnetic barrier in HgTe topological
  insulator

abstract:
  Electron tunneling through a single magnetic barrier in a HgTe topological
insulator has been theoretically investigated. We find that the perpendicular
magnetic field would not lead to spin-flip of the edge states due to the
conservation of the angular moment. By tuning the magnetic field and Fermi
energy, the edge channels can be transited from switch-on states to switch-off
states and the current can be transmitted from unpolarized states to totally
spin polarized states. These features offer us and efficient way to control the
topological edge state transport, and pave a way to construct the
nanoelectronic devices utilizing the topological edge states.


title: Local Complete Segal Spaces

abstract:
  We show that the complete Segal model structure extends to a model structure
on bimplicial presheaves on a small site $\mathscr{C}$, for which the weak
equivalences are local (or stalkwise) weak equivalences. This model structure
can be realized as a left Bousfield localization of the Jardine model structure
on the simplicial presheaves on a site $\mathscr{C}/ \Delta^{op}$. Furthermore,
it is shown that this model structure is Quillen equivalent to the model
structure of the author's previous preprint entitled 'the Local Joyal Model
Structure'. This Quillen equivalence extends an equivalence between the
complete Segal space and Joyal model structures, due to Joyal and Tierney.


title:
The anatomy of a star-forming galaxy: Pressure-driven regulation of star
  formation in simulated galaxies

abstract:
  We explore the regulation of star formation in star-forming galaxies through
a suite of high-resolution isolated galaxy simulations. We use the SPH code
GASOLINE, including photoelectric heating and metal cooling, which produces a
multi-phase interstellar medium. We show that representative star formation and
feedback sub-grid models naturally lead to a weak, sub-linear dependence
between the amount of star formation and changes to star formation parameters.
We incorporate these sub-grid models into an equilibrium pressure-driven
regulation framework. We show that the sub-linear scaling arises as a
consequence of the non-linear relationship between scale height and the
effective pressure generated by stellar feedback. Thus, simulated
star-formation regulation is sensitive to how well vertical structure in the
ISM is resolved. Full galaxy disks experience density waves which drive locally
time-dependent star formation. We develop a simple time-dependent,
pressure-driven model that reproduces the response extremely well.


title:
Solution of the classical Yang--Baxter equation with an exotic symmetry,
  and integrability of a multi-species boson tunneling model

abstract:
  Solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation provide a systematic method
to construct integrable quantum systems in an algebraic manner. A Lie algebra
can be associated with any solution of the classical Yang--Baxter equation,
from which commuting transfer matrices may be constructed. This procedure is
reviewed, specifically for solutions without skew-symmetry. A particular
solution with an exotic symmetry is identified, which is not obtained as a
limiting expansion of the usual Yang--Baxter equation. This solution
facilitates the construction of commuting transfer matrices which will be used
to establish the integrability of a multi-species boson tunneling model. The
model generalises the well-known two-site Bose-Hubbard model, to which it
reduces in the one-species limit. Due to the lack of an apparent reference
state, application of the algebraic Bethe Ansatz to solve the model is
prohibitive. Instead, the Bethe Ansatz solution is obtained by the use of
operator identities and tensor product decompositions.

categories: nlin.SI cond-mat.quant-gas math-ph math.MP


title:
Upper limits to the number of Oort Cloud Objects based on serendipitous
  occultation events search in X-rays

abstract:
  Using all the RXTE archival data of Sco X-1 and GX 5-1, which amount to about
1.6 mega seconds in total, we searched for possible occultation events caused
by Oort Cloud Objects. The detection efficiency of our searching approach was
studied with simulation. Our search is sensitive to object size of about 300 m
in the inner Oort Cloud, taking 4000 AU as a representative distance, and of
900 m in the outer Oort Cloud, taking 36000 AU as the representative distance.
No occultation events were found in the 1.6 Ms data. We derived upper limits to
the number of Oort Cloud Objects, which are about three orders of magnitude
higher than the highest theoretical estimates in the literature for the inner
Oort Cloud, and about six orders higher for the outer Oort Cloud. Although
these upper limits are not constraining enough, they are the first obtained
observationally, without making any model assumptions about comet injection.
They also provide guidance to such serendipitous occultation event search in
the future.


title:
Magnetotransport properties of the type II Weyl semimetal candidate
  Ta3S2

abstract:
  We have investigated the magnetoresistance (MR) and Hall resistivity
properties of the single crystals of tantalum sulfide, Ta3S2, which was
recently predicted to be a new type II Weyl semimetal. Large MR (up to ~8000%
at 2 K and 16 T), field-induced metal-insulator-like transition and nonlinear
Hall resistivity are observed at low temperatures. The large MR shows a strong
dependence on the field orientation, leading to a giant anisotropic
magnetoresistance (AMR) effect. For the field applied along the b-axis (B//b),
MR exhibits quadratic field dependence at low fields and tends towards
saturation at high fields; while for B//a, MR presents quadratic field
dependence at low fields and becomes linear at high fields without any trend
towards saturation. The analysis of the Hall resistivity data indicates the
coexistence of a large number of electrons with low mobility and a small number
of holes with high mobility. Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation analysis
reveals three fundamental frequencies originated from the three-dimensional
(3D) Fermi surface (FS) pockets. We find that the semi-classical multiband
model is sufficient to account for the experimentally observed MR in Ta3S2.


title:
The SLUGGS survey: a new mask design to reconstruct the stellar
  populations and kinematics of both inner and outer galaxy regions

abstract:
  Integral field unit spectrographs allow the 2D exploration of the kinematics
and stellar populations of galaxies, although they are generally restricted to
small fields-of-view. Using the large field-of-view of the DEIMOS multislit
spectrograph on Keck and our Stellar Kinematics using Multiple Slits (SKiMS)
technique, we are able to extract sky-subtracted stellar light spectra to large
galactocentric radii. Here we present a new DEIMOS mask design named SuperSKiMS
that explores large spatial scales without sacrificing high spatial sampling.
We simulate a set of observations with such a mask design on the nearby galaxy
NGC 1023, showing that the kinematic and metallicity measurements can reach
radii where the galaxy surface brightness is several orders of magnitude
fainter than the sky. Such a technique is also able to reproduce the kinematic
and metallicity 2D distributions obtained from literature integral field
spectroscopy in the innermost galaxy regions. In particular, we use the
simulated NGC 1023 kinematics to model its total mass distribution to large
radii, obtaining comparable results with those from published integral field
unit observation. Finally, from new spectra of NGC 1023 we obtain stellar 2D
kinematics and metallicity distributions that show good agreement with integral
field spectroscopy results in the overlapping regions. In particular, we do not
find a significant offset between our SKiMS and the ATLAS$^\rm{3D}$ stellar
velocity dispersion at the same spatial locations.


title: Statistical Entropy of Open Quantum Systems

abstract:
  Dissipative quantum systems are frequently described within the framework of
the so-called "system-plus-reservoir" approach. In this work we assign their
description to the Maximum Entropy Formalism and compare the resulting
thermodynamic properties with those of the well - established approaches. Due
to the non-negligible coupling to the heat reservoir, these systems are
non-extensive by nature, and the former task may require the use of
non-extensive parameter dependent informational entropies. In doing so, we
address the problem of choosing appropriate forms of those entropies in order
to describe a consistent thermodynamics for dissipative quantum systems.
Nevertheless, even having chosen the most successful and popular forms of those
entropies, we have proven our model to be a counterexample where this sort of
approach leads us to wrong results.


title: Fast Derandomized Low-rank Approximation and Extensions

abstract:
  Low-rank approximation of a matrix by means of structured random sampling has
been consistently efficient in its extensive empirical studies around the
globe, but adequate formal support for this empirical phenomenon has been
missing so far.
  Based on our novel insight into the subject, we provide such an elusive
formal support and derandomize and simplify the known numerical algorithms for
low-rank approximation and related computations.
  Our techniques can be applied to some other areas of fundamental matrix
computations, in particular to the Least Squares Regression, Gaussian
elimination with no pivoting and block Gaussian elimination.
  Our formal results and our numerical tests are in good accordance with each
other.


title: Mutation at Expanding Front of Self-Replicating Colloidal Clusters

abstract:
  We construct a scheme for self-replicating square clusters of particles in
two spatial dimensions, and validate it with computer simulations in a
finite-temperature heat bath. We find that the self-replication reactions
propagate through the bath in the form of Fisher waves. Our model reflects
existing colloidal systems, but is simple enough to allow simulation of many
generations and thereby the first study of evolutionary dynamics in an
artificial system. By introducing spatially localized mutations in the
replication rules, we show that the mutated cluster population can survive and
spread with the expanding front in circular sectors of the colony.


title:
Multiple nonsmooth solutions for nonconvex variational boundary value
  problems in $\mathbb{R}^n$

abstract:
  This paper presents a set of complete solutions of a nonconvex variational
problem with a double-well potential. Based on the canonical duality-triality
theory, the associated nonlinear differential equation with either
Dirichlet/Neumann or mixed boundary conditions can be converted into an
algebraic equation, which can be solved analytically to obtain all solutions in
the dual space. Both global and local extremality conditions are identified by
the triality theory. In the application part, typical mechanical models with
specificsources and boundary conditions in $\mathbb{R}^2$ are exhibited.


title:
Equilibrium adsorption and self-assembly of patchy colloids in
  microchannels

abstract:
  A new theory is developed to describe the equilibrium adsorption and
self-assembly of patchy colloids in microchannels. The adsorption theory is
developed in classical density functional theory, with the adsorbed phase and
fluid phase modeled using thermodynamic perturbation theory. In this work we
propose that the introduction of patches on the colloids greatly enhances the
temperature dependent and reversible adsorption of colloids in microchannels.
It is shown how bulk fluid density, patch size, temperature and channel
diameter can be manipulated to achieve the adsorption and self-assembly of
patchy colloids in microchannels.


title:
Visualising Berry phase and diabolical points in a quantum
  exciton-polariton billiard

abstract:
  Diabolical points (degeneracies) can naturally occur in spectra of
two-dimensional quantum systems and classical wave resonators due to simple
symmetries. Geometric Berry phase is associated with these spectral
degeneracies. Here, we demonstrate a diabolical point and the corresponding
Berry phase in the spectrum of hybrid light-matter quasiparticles --
exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. It is well known that
sufficiently strong optical pumping can drive exciton-polaritons to quantum
degeneracy, whereby they form a macroscopically populated quantum coherent
state similar to a Bose-Einstein condensate. By pumping a microcavity with a
spatially structured light, we create a two-dimensional quantum billiard for
the exciton-polariton condensate and demonstrate a diabolical point in the
spectrum of the billiard eigenstates. The fully reconfigurable geometry of the
potential walls controlled by the optical pump enables a striking experimental
visualisation of the Berry phase associated with the diabolical point. The
Berry phase is observed and measured by direct imaging of the macroscopic
exciton-polariton wavefunctions.


title:
A Local-Global LDA Model for Discovering Geographical Topics from Social
  Media

abstract:
  Micro-blogging services can track users' geo-locations when users check-in
their places or use geo-tagging which implicitly reveals locations. This "geo
tracking" can help to find topics triggered by some events in certain regions.
However, discovering such topics is very challenging because of the large
amount of noisy messages (e.g. daily conversations). This paper proposes a
method to model geographical topics, which can filter out irrelevant words by
different weights in the local and global contexts. Our method is based on the
Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model but each word is generated from either
a local or a global topic distribution by its generation probabilities. We
evaluated our model with data collected from Weibo, which is currently the most
popular micro-blogging service for Chinese. The evaluation results demonstrate
that our method outperforms other baseline methods in several metrics such as
model perplexity, two kinds of entropies and KL-divergence of discovered
topics.


title:
The Convergence Rate and Necessary-and-Sufficient Condition for the
  Consistency of Isogeometric Collocation Method

abstract:
  Although the isogeometric collocation (IGA-C) method has been successfully
utilized in practical applications due to its simplicity and efficiency, only a
little theoretical results have been established on the numerical analysis of
the IGA-C method. In this paper, we deduce the convergence rate of the
consistency of the IGA-C method. Moreover, based on the formula of the
convergence rate, the necessary and sufficient condition for the consistency of
the IGA-C method is developed. These results advance the numerical analysis of
the IGA-C method.


title: Hybrid Video Signal Coding Technologies: Past, Current and Future

abstract:
  The growing needs for high-quality video applications have resulted in a lot
of studies and developments in video signal coding. This chapter presents some
advanced techniques in enhancing the rate-distortion performance of the
block-based hybrid video coding systems. Additionally, as can be seen from the
developments of H.264/AVC and HEVC, most of the current coding tools, such as
prediction, transformation and entropy coding, have less room to improve in the
compression performance. On the other hand, loop filer in the modern video
standards shows the promising results. Thus, we believe that loop filter can be
the candidate in contributing to higher video compression for the
next-generation video coding. Specifically, improvements on ALF and SAO are
also introduced, and the simulation results show that the proposed methods
outperform the existing method, which offer new degrees of freedom to improve
the overall rate-distortion performance. As a result, they can be the candidate
coding tools for the next-generation video codec.


title:
Neural Contextual Conversation Learning with Labeled Question-Answering
  Pairs

abstract:
  Neural conversational models tend to produce generic or safe responses in
different contexts, e.g., reply \textit{"Of course"} to narrative statements or
\textit{"I don't know"} to questions. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end
approach to avoid such problem in neural generative models. Additional memory
mechanisms have been introduced to standard sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq)
models, so that context can be considered while generating sentences. Three
seq2seq models, which memorize a fix-sized contextual vector from hidden input,
hidden input/output and a gated contextual attention structure respectively,
have been trained and tested on a dataset of labeled question-answering pairs
in Chinese. The model with contextual attention outperforms others including
the state-of-the-art seq2seq models on perplexity test. The novel contextual
model generates diverse and robust responses, and is able to carry out
conversations on a wide range of topics appropriately.


title:
You want to survive the data deluge: Be careful, Computational
  Intelligence will not serve you as a rescue boat

abstract:
  We are at the dawn of a new era, where advances in computer power, broadband
communication and digital sensor technologies have led to an unprecedented
flood of data inundating our surrounding. It is generally believed that means
such as Computational Intelligence will help to outlive these tough times.
However, these hopes are improperly high. Computational Intelligence is a
surprising composition of two mutually exclusive and contradicting constituents
that could be coupled only if you disregard and neglect their controversies:
"Computational" implies reliance on data processing and "Intelligence" implies
reliance on information processing. Only those who are indifferent to
data-information discrepancy can believe that such a combination can be viable.
We do not believe in miracles, so we will try to share with you our
reservations.


title: Activity of 50 Long-Period Comets Beyond 5.2 AU

abstract:
  Remote investigations of the ancient solar system matter has been
traditionally carried out through the observations of long-period (LP) comets
that are less affected by solar irradiation than the short-period counterparts
orbiting much closer to the Sun. Here we summarize the results of our
decade-long survey of the distant activity of LP comets. We found that the most
important separation in the dataset is based on the dynamical nature of the
objects. Dynamically new comets are characterized by a higher level of activity
on average: the most active new comets in our sample can be characterized by
afrho values >3--4 higher than that of our most active returning comets. New
comets develop more symmetric comae, suggesting a generally isotropic outflow.
Contrary to this, the coma of recurrent comets can be less symmetrical,
ocassionally exhibiting negative slope parameters, suggesting sudden variations
in matter production. The morphological appearance of the observed comets is
rather diverse. A surprisingly large fraction of the comets have long, teniouos
tails, but the presence of impressive tails does not show a clear correlation
with the brightness of the comets.


title: HoloMed: A Low-Cost Gesture-Based Holographic

abstract:
  During medicine studies, visualization of certain elements is common and
indispensable in order to get more information about the way they work.
Currently, we resort to the use of photographs -which are insufficient due to
being static- or tests in patients, which can be invasive or even risky.
Therefore, a low-cost approach is proposed by using a 3D visualization. This
paper presents a holographic system built with low-cost materials for teaching
obstetrics, where student interaction is performed by using voice and gestures.
Our solution, which we called HoloMed, is focused on the projection of a
euthocic normal delivery under a web-based infrastructure which also employs a
Kinect. HoloMed is divided in three (3) essential modules: a gesture analyzer,
a data server, and a holographic projection architecture, which can be executed
in several interconnected computers using different network protocols. Tests
used for determining the user's position, illumination factors, and response
times, demonstrate HoloMed's effectiveness as a low-cost system for teaching,
using a natural user interface and 3D images.


title:
Measurement of the CKM angle $\varphi_1$ in $B^0\to\bar{D}{}^{(*)0}h^0$,
  $\bar{D}{}^0\to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-$ decays with time-dependent binned Dalitz
  plot analysis

abstract:
  We report a measurement of the CP violation parameter $\varphi_1$ obtained in
a time-dependent analysis of $B^0\to\bar{D}{}^{(*)0}h^0$ decays followed by
$\bar{D}{}^0\to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-$ decay. A model-independent measurement is
performed using the binned Dalitz plot technique. The measured value is
$\varphi_1 = 11.7^{\circ}\pm7.8^{\circ}({\rm stat.})\pm 2.1^{\circ}({\rm
syst.})$. Treating $\sin{2\varphi_1}$ and $\cos{2\varphi_1}$ as independent
parameters, we obtain $\sin{2\varphi_1} = 0.43\pm 0.27({\rm stat.})\pm
0.08({\rm syst.})$ and $\cos{2\varphi_1} = 1.06\pm 0.33({\rm
stat.})^{+0.21}_{-0.15}({\rm syst.})$. The results are obtained with a full
data sample of $772 \times 10^6 B\bar{B}$ pairs collected near the
$\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
$e^+e^-$ collider.


title: Insecurity of detector-device-independent quantum key distribution

abstract:
  Detector-device-independent quantum key distribution (ddiQKD) held the
promise of being robust to detector side-channels, a major security loophole in
QKD implementations. In contrast to what has been claimed, however, we
demonstrate that the security of ddiQKD is not based on post-selected
entanglement, and we introduce various eavesdropping strategies that show that
ddiQKD is in fact insecure against detector side-channel attacks as well as
against other attacks that exploit device's imperfections of the receiver. Our
attacks are valid even when the QKD apparatuses are built by the legitimate
users of the system themselves, and thus free of malicious modifications, which
is a key assumption in ddiQKD.


title: Factorizations of Contractions

abstract:
  The celebrated theorem of Berger, Coburn and Lebow on pairs of commuting
isometries can be formulated as follows: a pure isometry $V$ on a Hilbert space
$\mathcal{H}$ is a product of two commuting isometries $V_1$ and $V_2$ in
$\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ if and only if there exists a Hilbert space
$\mathcal{E}$, a unitary $U$ in $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{E})$ and an orthogonal
projection $P$ in $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{E})$ such that $(V, V_1, V_2)$ and
$(M_z, M_{\Phi}, M_{\Psi})$ on $H^2_{\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb{D})$ are unitarily
equivalent, where \[ \Phi(z)=(P+zP^{\perp})U^*\;\text{and}\;
\Psi(z)=U(P^{\perp}+zP) \;;(z \in \mathbb{D}). \] Here we prove a similar
factorization result for pure contractions. More particularly, let $T$ be a
pure contraction on a Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and let $P_{\mathcal{Q}}
M_z|_{\mathcal{Q}}$ be the Sz.-Nagy and Foias representation of $T$ for some
canonical $\mathcal{Q} \subseteq H^2_{\mathcal{D}}(\mathbb{D})$. Then $T = T_1
T_2$, for some commuting contractions $T_1$ and $T_2$ on $\mathcal{H}$, if and
only if there exists $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{D})$-valued polynomials $\varphi$
and $\psi$ of degree $ \leq 1$ such that $\mathcal{Q}$ is a joint
$(M_{\varphi}^*, M_{\psi}^*)$-invariant subspace, \[P_{\mathcal{Q}}
M_z|_{\mathcal{Q}} = P_{\mathcal{Q}} M_{\varphi \psi}|_{\mathcal{Q}} =
P_{\mathcal{Q}} M_{\psi \varphi}|_{\mathcal{Q}} \; \mbox{and} \;(T_1, T_2)
\cong (P_{\mathcal{Q}} M_{\varphi}|_{\mathcal{Q}}, P_{\mathcal{Q}}
M_{\psi}|_{\mathcal{Q}}).\]


title: Scaling Algorithms for Unbalanced Transport Problems

abstract:
  This article introduces a new class of fast algorithms to approximate
variational problems involving unbalanced optimal transport. While classical
optimal transport considers only normalized probability distributions, it is
important for many applications to be able to compute some sort of relaxed
transportation between arbitrary positive measures. A generic class of such
"unbalanced" optimal transport problems has been recently proposed by several
authors. In this paper, we show how to extend the, now classical, entropic
regularization scheme to these unbalanced problems. This gives rise to fast,
highly parallelizable algorithms that operate by performing only diagonal
scaling (i.e. pointwise multiplications) of the transportation couplings. They
are generalizations of the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm. We show how these
methods can be used to solve unbalanced transport, unbalanced gradient flows,
and to compute unbalanced barycenters. We showcase applications to 2-D shape
modification, color transfer, and growth models.


title: Spanning Trees in 2-trees

abstract:
  A spanning tree of a graph $G$ is a connected acyclic spanning subgraph of
$G$. We consider enumeration of spanning trees when $G$ is a $2$-tree, meaning
that $G$ is obtained from one edge by iteratively adding a vertex whose
neighborhood consists of two adjacent vertices. We use this construction order
both to inductively list the spanning trees without repetition and to give
bounds on the number of them. We determine the $n$-vertex $2$-trees having the
most and the fewest spanning trees. The $2$-tree with the fewest is unique; it
has $n-2$ vertices of degree $2$ and has $n2^{n-3}$ spanning trees. Those with
the most are all those having exactly two vertices of degree $2$, and their
number of spanning trees is the Fibonacci number $F_{2n-2}$.


title: An Adaptation of Topic Modeling to Sentences

abstract:
  Advances in topic modeling have yielded effective methods for characterizing
the latent semantics of textual data. However, applying standard topic modeling
approaches to sentence-level tasks introduces a number of challenges. In this
paper, we adapt the approach of latent-Dirichlet allocation to include an
additional layer for incorporating information about the sentence boundaries in
documents. We show that the addition of this minimal information of document
structure improves the perplexity results of a trained model.


title:
The Status of Polycyclic Group-Based Cryptography: A Survey and Open
  Problems

abstract:
  Polycyclic groups are natural generalizations of cyclic groups but with more
complicated algorithmic properties. They are finitely presented and the word,
conjugacy, and isomorphism decision problems are all solvable in these groups.
Moreover, the non-virtually nilpotent ones exhibit an exponential growth rate.
These properties make them suitable for use in group-based cryptography, which
was proposed in 2004 by Eick and Kahrobaei. Since then, many cryptosystems have
been created that employ polycyclic groups. These include key exchanges such as
non-commutative ElGamal, authentication schemes based on the twisted conjugacy
problem, and secret sharing via the word problem. In response, heuristic and
deterministic methods of cryptanalysis have been developed, including the
length-based and linear decomposition attacks. Despite these efforts, there are
classes of infinite polycyclic groups that remain suitable for cryptography.
The analysis of algorithms for search and decision problems in polycyclic
groups has also been developed. In addition to results for the aforementioned
problems we present those concerning polycyclic representations, group
morphisms, and orbit decidability. Though much progress has been made, many
algorithmic and complexity problems remain unsolved, we conclude with a number
of them. Of particular interest is to show that cryptosystems using infinite
polycyclic groups are resistant to cryptanalysis on a quantum computer.


title:
Quasi-two-layer morphodynamic model for bedload-dominated problems: bed
  slope-induced morphological diffusion

abstract:
  We derive a two-layer depth-averaged model of sediment transport and
morphological evolution for application to bedload-dominated problems. The near
bed transport region is represented by the lower (bedload) layer which has an
arbitrarily constant, vanishing thickness (of approximately ten times the
sediment particle diameter), and whose average sediment concentration is free
to vary. Sediment is allowed to enter the upper layer, and so total load may
also be simulated, provided that concentrations of suspended sediment remain
low. The model conforms with established theories of bedload, and is validated
satisfactorily against empirical expressions for sediment transport rates and
the morphodynamic experiment of a migrating mining pit by Lee et al. (1993).
Investigation into the effect of a local bed gradient on bedload leads to
derivation of an analytical, physically meaningful expression for morphological
diffusion induced by a non-zero local bed slope. Incorporation of the proposed
morphological diffusion into a conventional morphodynamic model (defined as a
coupling between the shallow water equations, Exner equation and an empirical
formula for bedload) improves model predictions when applied to the evolution
of a mining pit, without the need either to resort to special numerical
treatment of the equations or to use additional tuning parameters.


title:
Spin polarized Charge Trapping and Transfer at a HgTe Topological
  Insulator Quantum Dot

abstract:
  This work presents theoretical demonstration of a carrier trap unit formed by
dual topological insulator constrictions (TIC) on the HgTe/CdTe quantum well
(QW) with inverted band structures. The sample of HgTe/CdTe QW is patterned
into a Hall bar device and a topological quantum dot is created by adding split
gate electrodes closely on the QW. In sharp contrast to conventional
semiconductor quantum dots, the presence or absence of topological edge states
in the proposed quantum hall bar system leads to distinct
propagating/insulating state of the TICs with large on/off ratio. This
topological quantum dot functions as a carrier trap memory element with near
perfect program/erase efficiency by proper adjusting the voltages applied to
the split gates. For completeness, we also demonstrate that the Rashba spin
orbit interaction in the quantum dot does not destroy the topological edge
states and have negligible impact on the conductance of the quantum hall bar.
The rapid oscillations in conductance can be suppressed when applying a
perpendicular magnetic field in the quantum dot.


title:
Incremental Learning for Fully Unsupervised Word Segmentation Using
  Penalized Likelihood and Model Selection

abstract:
  We present a novel incremental learning approach for unsupervised word
segmentation that combines features from probabilistic modeling and model
selection. This includes super-additive penalties for addressing the cognitive
burden imposed by long word formation, and new model selection criteria based
on higher-order generative assumptions. Our approach is fully unsupervised; it
relies on a small number of parameters that permits flexible modeling and a
mechanism that automatically learns parameters from the data. Through
experimentation, we show that this intricate design has led to top-tier
performance in both phonemic and orthographic word segmentation.


title:
Multi-component, rigidly rotating polytropes: improved and extended
  theory

abstract:
  With respect to earlier investigations, the theory of multi-component,
concentric, copolar, axisymmetric, rigidly rotating polytropes is improved and
extended, including subsystems with nonzero density on the boundary and
subsystems with intersecting boundaries. The formulation is restricted to two
subsystems for simplicity but, in principle, can be extended to $N$ subsystems.
Equilibrium configurations are independent of the nature of the fluid i.e.
collisional or collisionless, provided the polytropic index lies within the
range, $1/2\le n\le5$, as in one-component systems. The solution of the
equilibrium equations is expanded in power series, which can be continued up to
the boundary and outside via starting points placed at increasingly larger
distance from the centre of mass. A detailed analysis is devoted to special
cases where the solution of the equilibrium equations can be expressed
analytically. Finally a guidance example is shown, involving homogeneous
subsystems with intersecting boundaries, where a substantially flattened
component extends outside a slightly flattened one.


title: On the Geodesic Centers of Polygonal Domains

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the problem of computing Euclidean geodesic centers
of a polygonal domain $\mathcal{P}$ with a total of $n$ vertices. We discover
many interesting observations. We give a necessary condition for a point being
a geodesic center. We show that there is at most one geodesic center among all
points of $\mathcal{P}$ that have topologically-equivalent shortest path maps.
This implies that the total number of geodesic centers is bounded by the
combinatorial size of the shortest path map equivalence decomposition of
$\mathcal{P}$, which is known to be $O(n^{10})$. One key observation is a
$\pi$-range property on shortest path lengths when points are moving. With
these observations, we propose an algorithm that computes all geodesic centers
in $O(n^{11}\log n)$ time. Previously, an algorithm of $O(n^{12+\epsilon})$
time was known for this problem, for any $\epsilon>0$.


title: Anti-Power Prefixes of the Thue-Morse Word

abstract:
  Recently, Fici, Restivo, Silva, and Zamboni defined a $k$-anti-power to be a
word of the form $w_1w_2\cdots w_k$, where $w_1,w_2,\ldots,w_k$ are distinct
words of the same length. They defined $AP(x,k)$ to be the set of all positive
integers $m$ such that the prefix of length $km$ of the word $x$ is a
$k$-anti-power. Let ${\bf t}$ denote the Thue-Morse word, and let $\mathcal
F(k)=AP({\bf t},k)\cap(2\mathbb Z^+-1)$. For $k\geq 3$,
$\gamma(k)=\min(\mathcal F(k))$ and $\Gamma(k)=\max((2\mathbb
Z^+-1)\setminus\mathcal F(k))$ are well-defined odd positive integers. Fici et
al. speculated that $\gamma(k)$ grows linearly in $k$. We prove that this is
indeed the case by showing that
$1/2\leq\displaystyle{\liminf_{k\to\infty}}(\gamma(k)/k)\leq 9/10$ and
$1\leq\displaystyle{\limsup_{k\to\infty}}(\gamma(k)/k)\leq 3/2$. In addition,
we prove that $\displaystyle{\liminf_{k\to\infty}}(\Gamma(k)/k)=3/2$ and
$\displaystyle{\limsup_{k\to\infty}}(\Gamma(k)/k)=3$.


title:
Characterization and reduction of variability in selection based on
  effect-size using association measures in cohort study of heterogeneous
  diseases

abstract:
  Cohort studies employ pairwise measures of association to quantify
dependencies among conditions and exposures. To reliably use these measures to
draw conclusions about the underlying association strengths requires that the
measures be robust and unbiased. These considerations assume greater
significance when applied to disease networks, where associations among
heterogeneous pairs of diseases are ranked. Using disease diagnoses data from a
large cohort of 5.5 million individuals, we develop a comprehensive methodology
to characterize the bias of standard association measures like relative risk
and $\phi$ correlation. To overcome these biases, we devise a novel measure
based on a stochastic model for disease development. The new measure is
demonstrated to have the least overall bias and hence would be most suitable
for application to heterogeneous disease cohorts.


title:
Energy of mixing and entropy of mixing for Cu$_{x}$Al$_{1-x}$ liquid
  binary alloys

abstract:
  The free energy of mixing and the entropy of mixing for Cu$_{x}$Al$_{1-x}$
liquid binary alloys have been systematically investigated by using the
electronic theory of metals along with the perturbation approach at a
thermodynamic state $T=1373$ K. The interionic interaction and a reference
liquid are the fundamental components of the theory. The interionic interaction
is described by a local pseudopotential. A liquid of hard spheres (HS) of two
different effective diametres is used to describe the reference system for
alloys. The results of the calculations for energy of mixing agree well with
the available experimental data. Calculation of entropy of mixing is parameter
free and, the agreement with experiment, in this case, is found to be fairly
good.


title: Inequalities for algebraic Casorati curvatures and their applications

abstract:
  The notion of different kind of algebraic Casorati curvatures are introduced.
Some results expressing basic Casorati inequalities for algebraic Casorati
curvatures are presented. Equality cases are also discussed. As a simple
application, basic Casorati inequalities for different $\delta $-Casorati
curvatures for Riemannian submanifolds are presented. Further applying these
results, Casorati inequalities for Riemannian submanifolds of real space forms
are obtained. Finally, some problems are presented for further studies.