title:
Determining Hilbert Modular Forms by Central Values of Rankin-Selberg
  Convolutions: The Weight Aspect

abstract:
  The purpose of this paper is to prove that a primitive Hilbert cusp form
$\mathbf{g}$ is uniquely determined by the central values of the Rankin-Selberg
$L$-functions $L(\mathbf{f}\otimes\mathbf{g}, \frac{1}{2})$, where $\mathbf{f}$
runs through all primitive Hilbert cusp forms of weight $k$ for infinitely many
weight vectors $k$. This work is a generalization of a result of Ganguly,
Hoffstein, and Sengupta to the setting of totally real number fields, and it is
a weight aspect analogue of the authors recent work.


title: Spinon Majorana fermions

abstract:
  A realization of Majorana fermions is proposed in the frustrated magnets via
the topological proximity effect. Specifically, we consider a theoretical
model, where a topological insulator is coupled to a frustrated magnetic
material through the spin exchange interaction. Using the renormalization
group-based self-consistent mean-field approach, and calculating the
self-energy correction due to the topological insulator, we find that the spin
texture and the spin-momentum locking of the Dirac cone will be inherited by
the spinons in the nearby frustrated magnets. This leads to a particular
topological state of matter that supports the Majorana excitations. Unlike the
conventional realization in SC systems, these Majorana fermions are the
combination of spinons and anti-spinons, rather than electrons and holes. They
can participate in the transport of spinons, leading to nontrivial properties
of the spin transport.


title: Intrinsic Magnetoconductivity of Non-magnetic Metals

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive study of magnetoconductivity for general
three-dimensional non-magnetic metals within the Berry-curvature-corrected
semiclassical and Boltzmann framework. We find a new contribution, which is
intrinsic in the sense that its ratio to the zero-magnetic-field conductivity
is fully determined by the intrinsic band properties, independent of the
transport relaxation time, showing a clear violation of Kohler's rule.
Remarkably, this contribution can generally be positive for the longitudinal
configuration, providing a new mechanism for the appearance of positive
magnetoconductivity under longitudinal configuration besides the chiral anomaly
effect.


title: The Evolving Definition of Sepsis

abstract:
  Sepsis affects millions of people worldwide each year. It occurs when a
normal human immune response to a bacterial, viral or fungal infection becomes
dysfunctional and triggers widespread inflammation that results in severe
tissue damage that leads to organ failure, shock, and death. Sepsis, requires
immediate treatment and has a high readmission rate for survivors. It is also
one of the most expensive conditions to treat. In 2013, there were more than
1.6 million cases of sepsis in the United States with a financial cost of more
than $23 billion. Sepsis was first described in antiquity, and given its
current name, by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. Despite its long
medical history, severity, and financial burden, the causes of sepsis are not
well understood, and there is no standard approach to diagnosis and treatment.
The definition of sepsis, the characterization of its clinical stages, and
sepsis monitoring tools have changed three times in the past 25 years, most
recently in March 2016. The universal adoption of this latest definition,
sepsis-3, and a screening tool, qSOFA, are currently under debate in the
medical community. A means to rapidly identify and treat sepsis could reduce
the five million deaths due to sepsis each year worldwide. This paper reviews
the evolution of the definition of sepsis and the controversy surrounding the
sepsis-3 definition and the sepsis screening tool, qSOFA.


title: A Novel Progressive Multi-label Classifier for Classincremental Data

abstract:
  In this paper, a progressive learning algorithm for multi-label
classification to learn new labels while retaining the knowledge of previous
labels is designed. New output neurons corresponding to new labels are added
and the neural network connections and parameters are automatically
restructured as if the label has been introduced from the beginning. This work
is the first of the kind in multi-label classifier for class-incremental
learning. It is useful for real-world applications such as robotics where
streaming data are available and the number of labels is often unknown. Based
on the Extreme Learning Machine framework, a novel universal classifier with
plug and play capabilities for progressive multi-label classification is
developed. Experimental results on various benchmark synthetic and real
datasets validate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


title: Quasi-positive curvature on a biquotient of $Sp(3)$

abstract:
  Suppose $\phi_3:Sp(1)\rightarrow Sp(2)$ denotes the unique irreducible
$4$-dimensional representation of $Sp(1) = SU(2)$ and consider the two
subgroups $H_1, H_2\subseteq Sp(3)$ with $H_1 =
\{\operatorname{diag}(\phi_3(q_1), q_1): q_1 \in Sp(1)\}$ and $H_2 =
\{\operatorname{diag}(\phi_3(q_2),1):q_2\in Sp(1)\}$. We show that the
biquotient $H_1\backslash Sp(3)/H_2$ admits a quasi-positively curved
Riemannian metric.


title: Statistical Modeling for Spatio-Temporal Degradation Data

abstract:
  This paper investigates the modeling of an important class of degradation
data, which are collected from a spatial domain over time; for example, the
surface quality degradation. Like many existing time-dependent stochastic
degradation models, a special random field is constructed for modeling the
spatio-temporal degradation process. In particular, we express the degradation
at any spatial location and time as an additive superposition of two stochastic
components: a dynamic spatial degradation generation process, and a
spatio-temporal degradation propagation process. Some unique challenges are
addressed, including the spatial heterogeneity of the degradation process, the
spatial propagation of degradation to neighboring areas, the anisotropic and
space-time non-separable covariance structure often associated with a complex
spatio-temporal degradation process, and the computational issue related to
parameter estimation. When the spatial dependence is ignored, we show that the
proposed spatio-temporal degradation model incorporates some existing pure
time-dependent degradation processes as its special cases. We also show the
connection, under special conditions, between the proposed model and general
physical degradation processes which are often defined by stochastic partial
differential equations. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the
modeling approach and model validation.


title: Ternary Quadratic Forms And Half-Integral Weight Modular Forms

abstract:
  Let $k$ be a positive integer such that $k\equiv3\mod4$, and let $N$ be a
positive square-free integer. In this paper, we compute a basis for the
two-dimensional subspace $S_{\frac{k}{2}}(\Gamma_{0}(4N),F)$ of half-integral
weight modular forms associated, via the Shimura correspondence, to a newform
$F\in S_{k-1}(\Gamma_{0}(N))$, which satisfies $L(F,\frac{1}{2})\neq0$. This is
accomplished by using a result of Waldspurger, which allows one to produce a
basis for the forms that correspond to a given $F$ via local considerations,
once a form in the Kohnen space has been determined


title: Empty-car routing in ridesharing systems

abstract:
  This paper considers a closed queueing network model of ridesharing systems
such as Didi Chuxing, Lyft, and Uber. We focus on empty-car routing, a
mechanism by which we control car flow in the network to optimize system-wide
utility functions, e.g. the availability of empty cars when a passenger
arrives. We establish both process-level and steady-state convergence of the
queueing network to a fluid limit in a large market regime where demand for
rides and supply of cars tend to infinity, and use this limit to study a
fluid-based optimization problem. We prove that the optimal network utility
obtained from the fluid-based optimization is an upper bound on the utility in
the finite car system for any routing policy, both static and dynamic, under
which the closed queueing network has a stationary distribution. This upper
bound is achieved asymptotically under the fluid-based optimal routing policy.
Simulation results with real-world data released by Didi Chuxing demonstrate
the benefit of using the fluid-based optimal routing policy compared to various
other policies.


title: Tight bounds on the maximum number of shortest unique substrings

abstract:
  A substring Q of a string S is called a shortest unique substring (SUS) for
interval [s,t] in S, if Q occurs exactly once in S, this occurrence of Q
contains interval [s,t], and every substring of S which contains interval [s,t]
and is shorter than Q occurs at least twice in S. The SUS problem is, given a
string S, to preprocess S so that for any subsequent query interval [s,t] all
the SUSs for interval [s,t] can be answered quickly. When s = t, we call the
SUSs for [s,t] as point SUSs, and when s \leq t, we call the SUSs for [s,t] as
interval SUSs. There exist optimal O(n)-time preprocessing scheme which answers
queries in optimal O(k) time for both point and interval SUSs, where n is the
length of S and k is the number of outputs for a given query. In this paper, we
reveal structural, combinatorial properties underlying the SUS problem: Namely,
we show that the number of intervals in S that correspond to point SUSs for all
query positions in S is less than 1.5n, and show that this is a matching upper
and lower bound. Also, we consider the maximum number of intervals in S that
correspond to interval SUSs for all query intervals in S.


title:
Convergence analysis of the direct extension of ADMM for multiple-block
  separable convex minimization

abstract:
  Recently, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) has found
many efficient applications in various areas; and it has been shown that the
convergence is not guaranteed when it is directly extended to the
multiple-block case of separable convex minimization problems where there are
$m\ge 3$ functions without coupled variables in the objective. This fact has
given great impetus to investigate various conditions on both the model and the
algorithm's parameter that can ensure the convergence of the direct extension
of ADMM (abbreviated as "e-ADMM"). Despite some results under very strong
conditions (e.g., at least $(m-1)$ functions should be strongly convex) that
are applicable to the generic case with a general $m$, some others concentrate
on the special case of $m=3$ under the relatively milder condition that only
one function is assumed to be strongly convex. We focus on extending the
convergence analysis from the case of $m=3$ to the more general case of
$m\ge3$. That is, we show the convergence of e-ADMM for the case of $m\ge 3$
with the assumption of only $(m-2)$ functions being strongly convex; and
establish its convergence rates in different scenarios such as the worst-case
convergence rates measured by iteration complexity and the asymptotically
linear convergence rate under stronger assumptions. Thus the convergence of
e-ADMM for the general case of $m\ge 4$ is proved; this result seems to be
still unknown even though it is intuitive given the known result of the case of
$m=3$. Even for the special case of $m=3$, our convergence results turn out to
be more general than the exiting results that are derived specifically for the
case of $m=3$.


title: Deep Multi-Task Learning with Shared Memory

abstract:
  Neural network based models have achieved impressive results on various
specific tasks. However, in previous works, most models are learned separately
based on single-task supervised objectives, which often suffer from
insufficient training data. In this paper, we propose two deep architectures
which can be trained jointly on multiple related tasks. More specifically, we
augment neural model with an external memory, which is shared by several tasks.
Experiments on two groups of text classification tasks show that our proposed
architectures can improve the performance of a task with the help of other
related tasks.


title: Temperature-Dependent Band Structure of SrTiO$_3$ Interfaces

abstract:
  We build a theoretical model for the electronic properties of the
two-dimensional (2D) electron gas that forms at the interface between
insulating SrTiO$_3$ and a number of polar cap layers, including LaTiO$_3$,
LaAlO$_3$, and GdTiO$_3$. The model treats conduction electrons within a
tight-binding approximation, and the dielectric polarization via a
Landau-Devonshire free energy that incorporates strontium titanate's strongly
nonlinear, nonlocal, and temperature-dependent dielectric response. The
self-consistent band structure comprises a mix of quantum 2D states that are
tightly bound to the interface, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) states that
extend hundreds of unit cells into the SrTiO$_3$ substrate. We find that there
is a substantial shift of electrons away from the interface into the 3D tails
as temperature is lowered from 300 K to 10 K. This shift is least important at
high electron densities ($\sim 10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$), but becomes substantial at
low densities; for example, the total electron density within 4~nm of the
interface changes by a factor of two for 2D electron densities $\sim 10^{13}$
cm$^{-2}$. We speculate that the quasi-3D tails form the low-density
high-mobility component of the interfacial electron gas that is widely inferred
from magnetoresistance measurements.


title:
Smoothness and monotone decreasingness of the solution to the
  BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation for superconductivity

abstract:
  We show the temperature dependence such as smoothness and monotone
decreasingness with respect to the temperature of the solution to the
BCS-Bogoliubov gap equation for superconductivity. Here the temperature belongs
to the closed interval $[0,\, \tau]$ with $\tau>0$ nearly equal to half of the
transition temperature. We show that the solution is continuous with respect to
both the temperature and the energy, and that the solution is Lipschitz
continuous and monotone decreasing with respect to the temperature. Moreover,
we show that the solution is partially differentiable with respect to the
temperature twice and the second-order partial derivative is continuous with
respect to both the temperature and the energy, or that the solution is
approximated by such a smooth function.

categories: math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.supr-con math.AP math.FA math.MP


title: Boson Stars in Higher Derivative Gravity

abstract:
  In this paper, we have constructed Boson star (BS) solutions in four
dimensional scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (sGB) theory. In order to have non-trivial
effect from Gauss-Bonnet term, we invoked non-minimal coupling between a
complex scalar field and the Gauss-Bonnet term with a coupling parameter,
$\alpha$. We show that the scalar field can no longer take arbitrary value at
the center of the star. Furthermore, boson-stars in our higher derivative
theory turn out to be slightly massive but much more compact than those in the
usual Einstein's gravity. Interestingly, we found that for $\alpha<-0.4$ and
$\alpha>0.8$, binding energy for all possible boson stars is always negative.
This implies that these stars are intrinsically stable against the decay by
dispersion. We also present the mass-radius and mass-frequency curves for
boson-star and compare them with other compact objects in gravity models
derived from Gauss-Bonnet term.


title: Combinatorial models for moduli spaces of open Riemann surfaces

abstract:
  We present a simplified formulation of open intersection numbers, as an
alternative to the theory initiated by Pandharipande, Solomon and Tessler. The
relevant moduli spaces consist of Riemann surfaces (either with or without
boundary) with only interior marked points. These spaces have a combinatorial
description using a generalization of ribbon graphs, with a straightforward
compactification and corresponding intersection theory. Crucially, the
generating functions for the two different constructions of open intersection
numbers are identical. In particular, our construction provides a complete
proof of the statement that this generating function is a solution of the MKP
hierarchy, satisfies W-constraints, and additionally proves in the affirmative
the Q-grading conjecture for distinguishing contributions from surfaces with
different numbers of boundary components, as was previously proposed by the
author.


title:
First-principles study on stability and magnetism of NdFe11M and
  NdFe11MN for M=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn

abstract:
  Recently synthesized NdFe12N has excellent magnetic properties, while it is
thermodynamically unstable. Using first-principles method, we study the effect
of substitutional 3d transition metal elements to the mother compound NdFe12.
We find that Co has positive effect on the stability of the ThMn12 structure.
In contrast with Ti substitution, Co substitution does not reduce the
magnetization significantly. The crystal field parameter <r^{2}>A_{0}^{2} is
nearly unchanged by Co substitution, and nitrogenation to NdFe11Co greatly
enhances <r^{2}>A_{0}^{2}. This suggests that Co is a good candidate as a
substitutional element for NdFe12N.


title:
EFANNA : An Extremely Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithm
  Based on kNN Graph

abstract:
  Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many
areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of
traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the
dimensionality of data grows, while hashing based methods usually lack
efficiency in practice. Recently, the graph based methods have drawn
considerable attention. The main idea is that \emph{a neighbor of a neighbor is
also likely to be a neighbor}, which we refer as \emph{NN-expansion}. These
methods construct a $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$NN) graph offline. And at online
search stage, these methods find candidate neighbors of a query point in some
way (\eg, random selection), and then check the neighbors of these candidate
neighbors for closer ones iteratively. Despite some promising results, there
are mainly two problems with these approaches: 1) These approaches tend to
converge to local optima. 2) Constructing a $k$NN graph is time consuming. We
find that these two problems can be nicely solved when we provide a good
initialization for NN-expansion. In this paper, we propose EFANNA, an extremely
fast approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm based on $k$NN Graph. Efanna
nicely combines the advantages of hierarchical structure based methods and
nearest-neighbor-graph based methods. Extensive experiments have shown that
EFANNA outperforms the state-of-art algorithms both on approximate nearest
neighbor search and approximate nearest neighbor graph construction. To the
best of our knowledge, EFANNA is the fastest algorithm so far both on
approximate nearest neighbor graph construction and approximate nearest
neighbor search. A library EFANNA based on this research is released on Github.


title:
Optimal Power Consumption for Demand Response of Thermostatically
  Controlled Loads

abstract:
  We consider the problem of determining the optimal aggregate power
consumption of a population of thermostatically controlled loads. This is
motivated by the problem of synthesizing the demand response for a load serving
entity (LSE) serving a population of such customers. We show how the LSE can
opportunistically design the aggregate reference consumption to minimize its
energy procurement cost, given day-ahead price, load and ambient temperature
forecasts, while respecting each individual load's comfort range constraints.
The resulting synthesis problem is shown to be amenable to optimal control
techniques, but computationally difficult otherwise. Numerical simulations
elucidate how the LSE can use the optimal aggregate power consumption
trajectory thus computed, for the purpose of demand response.


title:
Electromagnon resonance in a collinear spin state of a polar
  antiferromagnet Fe2Mo3O8

abstract:
  Magnetic excitations are investigated for a hexagonal polar magnet Fe2Mo3O8
by terahertz spectroscopy. We observed magnon modes including an electric-field
active magnon, electromagnon, in the collinear antiferromagnetic phase with
spins parallel to the c axis. We unravel the nature of these excitations by
investigating the correlation between the evolution of the mode profile and the
magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic order induced by
magnetic field or Zn-doping. We propose that the observed electromagnon mode
involves the collective precession of the spins with oscillating in-plane
electric polarization through the mechanism of the linear magnetoelectric
effect.


title: Confining rigid balls by mimicking quadrupole ion trapping

abstract:
  The rotating saddle not only is an interesting system that is able to trap a
ball near its saddle point, but can also intuitively illustrate the operating
principles of quadrupole ion traps in modern physics. Unlike the conventional
models based on the mass-point approximation, we study the stability of a ball
in a rotating-saddle trap using rigid-body dynamics. The stabilization
condition of the system is theoretically derived and subsequently verified by
experiments. The results are compared with the previous mass-point model,
giving large discrepancy as the curvature of the ball is comparable to that of
the saddle. We also point out that the spin angular velocity of the ball is
analogous to the cyclotron frequency of ions in an external magnetic field
utilized in many prevailing ion-trapping schemes.


title: From visco to perfect plasticity in thermoviscoelastic materials

abstract:
  We consider a thermodynamically consistent model for thermoviscoplasticity.
For the related PDE system, coupling the heat equation for the absolute
temperature, the momentum balance with viscosity and inertia for the
displacement variable, and the flow rule for the plastic strain, we propose two
weak solvability concepts, 'entropic' and 'weak energy' solutions, where the
highly nonlinear heat equation is suitably formulated. Accordingly, we prove
two existence results by passing to the limit in a carefully devised time
discretization scheme.
  Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of weak energy solutions as the
rate of the external data becomes slower and slower, which amounts to taking
the vanishing-viscosity and inertia limit of the system. We prove their
convergence to a global energetic solution to the Prandtl-Reuss model for
perfect plasticity, whose evolution is `energetically' coupled to that of the
(spatially constant) limiting temperature.


title:
Fully Bayesian Estimation and Variable Selection in Partially Linear
  Wavelet Models

abstract:
  In this paper we propose a wavelet-based methodology for estimation and
variable selection in partially linear models. The inference is conducted in
the wavelet domain, which provides a sparse and localized decomposition
appropriate for nonparametric components with various degrees of smoothness. A
hierarchical Bayes model is formulated on the parameters of this
representation, where the estimation and variable selection is performed by a
Gibbs sampling procedure. For both the parametric and nonparametric part of the
model we are using point-mass-at-zero contamination priors with a double
exponential spread distribution. Only a few papers in the area of partially
linear wavelet models exist, and we show that the proposed methodology is often
superior to the existing methods with respect to the task of estimating model
parameters. Moreover, the method is able to perform Bayesian variable selection
by a stochastic search for the parametric part of the model.


title:
Reducing DRAM Access Latency by Exploiting DRAM Leakage Characteristics
  and Common Access Patterns

abstract:
  DRAM-based memory is a critical factor that creates a bottleneck on the
system performance since the processor speed largely outperforms the DRAM
latency. In this thesis, we develop a low-cost mechanism, called ChargeCache,
which enables faster access to recently-accessed rows in DRAM, with no
modifications to DRAM chips. Our mechanism is based on the key observation that
a recently-accessed row has more charge and thus the following access to the
same row can be performed faster. To exploit this observation, we propose to
track the addresses of recently-accessed rows in a table in the memory
controller. If a later DRAM request hits in that table, the memory controller
uses lower timing parameters, leading to reduced DRAM latency. Row addresses
are removed from the table after a specified duration to ensure rows that have
leaked too much charge are not accessed with lower latency. We evaluate
ChargeCache on a wide variety of workloads and show that it provides
significant performance and energy benefits for both single-core and multi-core
systems.


title: Hereditarily Non Uniformly Perfect Sets

abstract:
  We introduce the concept of hereditarily non uniformly perfect sets, compact
sets for which no compact subset is uniformly perfect, and compare them with
the following: Hausdorff dimension zero sets, logarithmic capacity zero sets,
Lebesgue 2-dimensional measure zero sets, and porous sets. In particular, we
give an example of a compact set in the plane of Hausdorff dimension 2 (and
positive logarithmic capacity) which is hereditarily non uniformly perfect.


title: On the (im)possibility of fairness

abstract:
  What does it mean for an algorithm to be fair? Different papers use different
notions of algorithmic fairness, and although these appear internally
consistent, they also seem mutually incompatible. We present a mathematical
setting in which the distinctions in previous papers can be made formal. In
addition to characterizing the spaces of inputs (the "observed" space) and
outputs (the "decision" space), we introduce the notion of a construct space: a
space that captures unobservable, but meaningful variables for the prediction.
  We show that in order to prove desirable properties of the entire
decision-making process, different mechanisms for fairness require different
assumptions about the nature of the mapping from construct space to decision
space. The results in this paper imply that future treatments of algorithmic
fairness should more explicitly state assumptions about the relationship
between constructs and observations.


title:
Decentralized Nonlinear Feedback Design with Separable Control
  Contraction Metrics

abstract:
  The problem under consideration is the synthesis of a distributed controller
for a nonlinear network composed of input affine systems. The objective is to
achieve exponential convergence of the solutions. To design such a feedback
law, methods based on contraction theory are employed to render the
controller-synthesis problem scalable and suitable to use distributed
optimization. The nature of the proposed approach is constructive, because the
computation of the desired feedback law is obtained by solving a convex
optimization problem. An example illustrates the proposed methodology.


title:
Fitting Formulas for Determining the Existence of S-type and P-type
  Habitable Zones in Binary Systems: First Results

abstract:
  We present initial work about attaining fitting formulas for the quick
determination of the existence of S-type and P-type habitable zones in binary
systems. Following previous work, we calculate the limits of the climatological
habitable zone in binary systems (which sensitively depend on the system
parameters) based on a joint constraint encompassing planetary orbital
stability and a habitable region for a possible system planet. We also consider
updated results on planetary climate models previously obtained by Kopparapu
and collaborators. Fitting equations based on our work are presented for
selected cases.


title:
A Topological Algorithm for Determining How Road Networks Evolve Over
  Time

abstract:
  We provide an efficient algorithm for determining how a road network has
evolved over time, given two snapshot instances from different dates. To allow
for such determinations across different databases and even against hand drawn
maps, we take a strictly topological approach in this paper, so that we compare
road networks based strictly on graph-theoretic properties. Given two road
networks of same region from two different dates, our approach allows one to
match road network portions that remain intact and also point out added or
removed portions. We analyze our algorithm both theoretically, showing that it
runs in polynomial time for non-degenerate road networks even though a related
problem is NP-complete, and experimentally, using dated road networks from the
TIGER/Line archive of the U.S. Census Bureau.


title:
Sensitivity of atmospheric neutrino experiments to neutrino non-standard
  interactions

abstract:
  We study the sensitivity of atmospheric neutrino experiments to the neutrino
non-standard interactions (NSI) which is motivated by the tension between the
two mass squared differences extracted from the KamLAND and solar neutrino
experiments. In this study the sensitivity of the future Hyper-Kamiokande
experiments for 4438 days to NSI is shown. Assuming that the mass hierarchy is
known, we find that the best-fit value from the solar neutrino and KamLAND data
can be tested at more than 8 $\sigma$, while the one from the global analysis
can be examined at 5.0 $\sigma$ (1.4 $\sigma$) for the normal (inverted) mass
hierarchy.


title: Extremely Red Quasars in BOSS

abstract:
  Red quasars are candidate young objects in an early transition stage of
massive galaxy evolution. Our team recently discovered a population of
extremely red quasars (ERQs) in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
(BOSS) that has a suite of peculiar emission-line properties including large
rest equivalent widths (REWs), unusual "wingless" line profiles, large NV/Lya,
NV/CIV, SiIV/CIV and other flux ratios, and very broad and blueshifted [OIII]
5007. Here we present a new catalog of CIV and NV emission-line data for
216,188 BOSS quasars to characterize the ERQ line properties further. We show
that they depend sharply on UV-to-mid-IR color, secondarily on REW(CIV), and
not at all on luminosity or the Baldwin Effect. We identify a "core" sample of
97 ERQs with nearly uniform peculiar properties selected via i-W3 > 4.6 (AB)
and REW(CIV) > 100 A at redshifts 2.0-3.4. A broader search finds 235 more red
quasars with similar unusual characteristics. The core ERQs have median
luminosity log L (ergs/s) ~ 47.1, sky density 0.010 deg^-2, surprisingly
flat/blue UV spectra given their red UV-to-mid-IR colors, and common outflow
signatures including BALs or BAL-like features and large CIV emission-line
blueshifts. Their SEDs and line properties are inconsistent with normal quasars
behind a dust reddening screen. We argue that the core ERQs are a unique
obscured quasar population with extreme physical conditions related to powerful
outflows across the line-forming regions. Patchy obscuration by small dusty
clouds could produce the observed UV extinctions without substantial UV
reddening.


title:
The effective cross section for double parton scattering within a
  holographic AdS/QCD approach

abstract:
  A first attempt to apply the AdS/QCD framework for a bottom-up approach to
the evaluation of the effective cross section for double parton scattering in
proton-proton collisions is presented. The main goal is the analytic evaluation
of the dependence of the effective cross section on the longitudinal momenta of
the involved partons, obtained within the holographic Soft-Wall model. If
measured in high-energy processes at hadron colliders, this momentum dependence
could open a new window on 2-parton correlations in a proton.


title: A chronicle of galaxy mass assembly in the EAGLE simulation

abstract:
  We analyse the mass assembly of central galaxies in the EAGLE hydrodynamical
simulations. We build merger trees to connect galaxies to their progenitors at
different redshifts and characterize their assembly histories by focusing on
the time when half of the galaxy stellar mass was assembled into the main
progenitor. We show that galaxies with stellar mass $M_*<10^{10.5}M_{\odot}$
assemble most of their stellar mass through star formation in the main
progenitor (`in-situ' star formation). This can be understood as a consequence
of the steep rise in star formation efficiency with halo mass for these
galaxies. For more massive galaxies, however, an increasing fraction of their
stellar mass is formed outside the main progenitor and subsequently accreted.
Consequently, while for low-mass galaxies the assembly time is close to the
stellar formation time, the stars in high-mass galaxies typically formed long
before half of the present-day stellar mass was assembled into a single object,
giving rise to the observed anti-hierarchical downsizing trend. In a typical
present-day $M_*\geq10^{11}M_{\odot}$ galaxy, around $20\%$ of the stellar mass
has an external origin. This fraction decreases with increasing redshift.
Bearing in mind that mergers only make an important contribution to the stellar
mass growth of massive galaxies, we find that the dominant contribution comes
from mergers with galaxies of mass greater than one tenth of the main
progenitor's mass. The galaxy merger fraction derived from our simulations
agrees with recent observational estimates.


title:
Formation of carbon nano and micro structures on C1+ irradiated copper
  surfaces

abstract:
  A series of experiments has identified mechanisms of carbon nano- and
micro-structure formation at room temperature, without catalyst and in the
environment of immiscible metallic surroundings. The structures include
threaded nano fibres, graphitic sheets and carbon onions. Copper as substrate
was used due to its immiscibility with carbon. Energetic carbon ions of 0.2-2.0
MeV irradiated Cu targets. Cu substrates, apertures and 3 mm diameter
Transmission Electron Microscope copper grids were implanted with the carbon.
We observed wide range of micrometer-size structures formed on Cu grids and
along the edges of the irradiated apertures. These are shown to be threaded
nano fibers (TNF) of few micrometer thicknesses with lengths varying from 10 to
3000 micrometer. Secondary electron microscopy (SEM) identifies the
micrometer-size structures while Confocal microscopy was used to learn about
the mechanisms by which C1+ irradiated Cu provides the growth environment. Huge
carbon onions of diameters ranging from hundreds of nm to {\mu}m were observed
in the as-grown and annealed samples. Transformations of the nanostructures
were observed under prolonged electron irradiations of SEM and TEM. One of the
immediate outcomes of our present study is relevant for the efforts to
fabricate carbon onions with specific properties.


title:
A New Statistic Feature of the Short-Time Amplitude Spectrum Values for
  Human's Unvoiced Pronunciation

abstract:
  In this paper, a new statistic feature of the discrete short-time amplitude
spectrum is discovered by experiments for the signals of unvoiced
pronunciation. For the random-varying short-time spectrum, this feature reveals
the relationship between the amplitude's average and its standard for every
frequency component. On the other hand, the association between the amplitude
distributions for different frequency components is also studied. A new model
representing such association is inspired by the normalized histogram of
amplitude. By mathematical analysis, the new statistic feature discovered is
proved to be necessary evidence which supports the proposed model, and also can
be direct evidence for the widely used hypothesis of "identical distribution of
amplitude for all frequencies".


title:
Ageing underdamped scaled Brownian motion: ensemble and time averaged
  particle displacements, non-ergodicity, and the failure of the overdamping
  approximation

abstract:
  We investigate both analytically and by computer simulations the ensemble
averaged, time averaged, non-ergodic, and ageing properties of massive
particles diffusing in a medium with a time dependent diffusivity. We call this
stochastic diffusion process the (ageing) underdamped scaled Brownian motion
(UDSBM). We demonstrate how the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the time
averaged MSD of UDSBM are affected by the inertial term in the Langevin
equation, both at short, intermediate, and even long diffusion times. In
particular, we quantify the ballistic regime for the MSD and the time averaged
MSD as well as the spread of individual time averaged MSD trajectories. One of
the main effects we observe is that---both for the MSD and the time averaged
MSD---for superdiffusive UDSBM the ballistic regime is much shorter than for
ordinary Brownian motion. In contrast, for subdiffusive UDSBM the ballistic
region extends to much longer diffusion times. Therefore, particular care needs
to be taken when the overdamped limit indeed provides a correct description,
even in the long time limit. We also analyze to what extent ergodicity in the
Boltzmann-Khinchin sense in this non-stationary system is broken, both for
subdiffusive and superdiffusive UDSBM. Finally, the limiting case of ultraslow
UDSBM is considered, with a mixed logarithmic and power law dependence of the
ensemble and time averaged MSDs of the particles. In the limit of strong
ageing, remarkably, the ordinary UDSBM and the ultraslow UDSBM behave similarly
in the short time ballistic limit. The approaches developed here open new ways
for considering other stochastic processes under physically important
conditions when a finite particle mass and ageing in the system cannot be
neglected.


title: On non-cyclic graph of finite groups

abstract:
  Here we study some algebraic properties of non-cyclic graphs. In this paper
we show that $\overline{\Gamma}_G$ is isomorphic to $K_3\cup (n-4)K_1$ or
$K_4\cup (n-5)K_1$ if and only if $G$ is isomorphic to $D_8$ or $D_{10}$,
respectively. We characterize all groups of order $n$ like $G$ in which
$\gamma(\Gamma_G)+\gamma(\overline{\Gamma}_G)\in \{n, n-1, n-2, n-3\}$, where
$|Cyc(G)|=1$.


title: A numerical proof of the Grunbaum conjecture

abstract:
  The Hahn-Banach theorem states that onto each line in every normed space,
there is a unitary projection, and Kadec and Snobar proved (using John's
ellipsoid) that onto each $n$-dimensional subspace of any real normed space,
there is a projection with norm at most $\lambda_n \leq \sqrt{n}$. Grunbaum
conjectured that $\lambda_2=4/3<\sqrt{2}$ and several attempts have been made
to prove this conjecture: Konig and Tomczak-Jaegermann published a proof that
was shown incomplete by Chalmers and Lewicki, who gave their own (a bit
intricate) proof. Here is a simpler proof, mostly based on their works, and
partially on a few numerical studies of extrema of functions of 3 variables.


title: Solutions for dissipative quadratic open systems: part I - bosons

abstract:
  This is a work in two parts in which we show how to solve a large class of
Lindblad master equations for non-interacting particles on $L$ sites. In part I
we concentrate on bosonic particles. We show how to reduce the problem to
diagonalizing an $L \times L$ non-Hermitian matrix. In particular, for boundary
dissipative driving of a uniform chain, the matrix is a tridiagonal bordered
Toeplitz matrix which can be solved analytically for the normal master modes
and their relaxation rates (rapidities). In the regimes in which an analytical
solution cannot be found, our approach can still provide a speed-up in the
numerical evaluation. We use this numerical method to study the relaxation gap
at non-equilibrium phase transitions in a boundary driven bosonic ladder with
synthetic gauge fields. We conclude by showing how to construct the
non-equilibrium steady state.


title:
Underdamped scaled Brownian motion: (non-)existence of the overdamped
  limit in anomalous diffusion

abstract:
  It is quite generally assumed that the overdamped Langevin equation provides
a quantitative description of the dynamics of a classical Brownian particle in
the long time limit. We establish and investigate a paradigm anomalous
diffusion process governed by an underdamped Langevin equation with an explicit
time dependence of the system temperature and thus the diffusion and damping
coefficients. We show that for this underdamped scaled Brownian motion (UDSBM)
the overdamped limit fails to describe the long time behaviour of the system
and may practically even not exist at all for a certain range of the parameter
values. Thus persistent inertial effects play a non-negligible role even at
significantly long times. From this study a general questions on the
applicability of the overdamped limit to describe the long time motion of an
anomalously diffusing particle arises, with profound consequences for the
relevance of overdamped anomalous diffusion models. We elucidate our results in
view of analytical and simulations results for the anomalous diffusion of
particles in free cooling granular gases.


title: Formation and transformation of low density, onion-like carbon cages

abstract:
  A novel growth technique for low density, non-icosahedral carbon onion-like
structures on Cu surface is described. The technique differs with the formation
of carbon onions inside the C1+ implanted metal surfaces at high temperatures
with densities ~ 2 g cm-3 in the form of multishelled icosahedral fullerenes
wrapped around C60. We report spheroidal cage formation of shell with variable
shell thickness, radii and curvature on C1+-irradiated Cu surfaces by the
accumulating C atoms which emerge out of the edges of the implanted sheets and
grids. Atom-by-atom C accreting structures grow along the edges, corners and
crevices. These, in turn, form the open and closed multiple-shelled cages.
Variable curvature is the most common feature of the growing structures. The
growth at room temperature does not ensure sphericity of the cages due to the
absence of high temperature annealing. These cages have very low density,
hollow interiors and often exhibit the conspicuous cage-inside-cage structures.
Another feature of the as-grown, non-spherical onions is the existence of
spherical protrusions with different local radii within the same cage.
Formation of cages with sizes ~ few nanometer to hundreds of nanometer depends
upon the irradiation rate of C1+. In situ formation and transformations of the
cages observed under 120 keV electron beam irradiation is described by using a
nanoelastic model.


title:
Evolution of CO$_2$, CH$_4$, and OCS abundances relative to H$_2$O in
  the coma of comet 67P around perihelion from Rosetta/VIRTIS-H observations

abstract:
  Infrared observations of the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko were carried
out from July to September 2015, i.e., around perihelion (13 August 2015), with
the high-resolution channel of the VIRTIS instrument onboard Rosetta. We
present the analysis of fluorescence emission lines of H$_2$O, CO$_2$,
$^{13}$CO$_2$, OCS, and CH$_4$ detected in limb sounding with the field of view
at 2.7-5 km from the comet centre. Measurements are sampling outgassing from
the illuminated southern hemisphere, as revealed by H$_2$O and CO$_2$ raster
maps, which show anisotropic distributions, aligned along the projected
rotation axis. An abrupt increase of water production is observed six days
after perihelion. In the mean time, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, and OCS abundances relative
to water increased by a factor of 2 to reach mean values of 32%, 0.47%, and
0.18%, respectively, averaging post-perihelion data. We interpret these changes
as resulting from the erosion of volatile-poor surface layers. Sustained dust
ablation due to the sublimation of water ice maintained volatile-rich layers
near the surface until at least the end of the considered period, as expected
for low thermal inertia surface layers. The large abundance measured for CO$_2$
should be representative of the 67P nucleus original composition, and indicates
that 67P is a CO$_2$-rich comet. Comparison with abundance ratios measured in
the northern hemisphere shows that seasons play an important role in comet
outgassing. The low CO$_2$/H$_2$O values measured above the illuminated
northern hemisphere are not original, but the result of the devolatilization of
the uppermost layers.


title:
Determinability and state estimation for switched differential-algebraic
  equations

abstract:
  The problem of state reconstruction and estimation is considered for a class
of switched dynamical systems whose subsystems are modeled using linear
differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Since this system class imposes
time-varying dynamic and static (in the form of algebraic constraints)
relations on the evolution of state trajectories, an appropriate notion of
observability is presented which accommodates these phenomena. Based on this
notion, we first derive a formula for the reconstruction of the state of the
system where we explicitly obtain an injective mapping from the output to the
state. In practice, such a mapping may be difficult to realize numerically and
hence a class of estimators is proposed which ensures that the state estimate
converges asymptotically to the real state of the system.


title:
Taking a Detour to Zero: An Alternative Formalization of Functions
  Beyond PR

abstract:
  There are two well known systems formalizing total recursion beyond primitive
recursion (\textbf{PR}), system \textbf{T} by G\"odel and system \textbf{F} by
Girard and Reynolds. system \textbf{T} defines recursion on typed objects and
can construct every function of Heyting arithmetic (\textbf{HA}). System
\textbf{F} introduces type variables which can define the recursion of system
\textbf{T}. The result is a system as expressive as second-order Heyting
arithmetic (\textbf{HA}$_{2}$). Though, both are able to express unimaginably
fast growing functions, in some applications a more flexible formalism is
needed. One such application is CERES cut-elimination for schematic
\textbf{LK}-proofs ($CERES_{s}$) where the shape of the recursion is important.
In this paper we introduce a formalism for fast growing functions without a
type theory foundation. The recursion is indexed by ordered sets of natural
numbers. We highlight the relationship between our recursion and the Wainer
hierarchy to provide an comparison to existing systems. We can show that our
formalism expresses the functions expressible using system \textbf{T}. We leave
comparison to system \textbf{F} and beyond to future work.


title:
Gaia Data Release 1: The reference frame and the optical properties of
  ICRF sources

abstract:
  As part of the data processing for Gaia Data Release~1 (Gaia DR1) a special
astrometric solution was computed, the so-called auxiliary quasar solution.
This gives positions for selected extragalactic objects, including radio
sources in the second realisation of the International Celestial Reference
Frame (ICRF2) that have optical counterparts bright enough to be observed with
Gaia. A subset of these positions was used to align the positional reference
frame of Gaia DR1 with the ICRF2. We describe the properties of the Gaia
auxiliary quasar solution for a subset of sources matched to ICRF2, and compare
their optical and radio positions at the sub-mas level. Their formal standard
errors are better than 0.76~milliarcsec (mas) for 50% of the sources and better
than 3.35~mas for 90%. Optical magnitudes are obtained in Gaia's unfiltered
photometric G band. The comparison with the radio positions of the defining
sources shows no systematic differences larger than a few tenths of a mas. The
fraction of questionable solutions, not readily accounted for by the
statistics, is less than 6%. Normalised differences have extended tails
requiring case-by-case investigations for around 100 sources, but we have not
seen any difference indisputably linked to an optical-radio offset in the
sources.


title: Towards Fairness of Cryptocurrency Payments

abstract:
  Motivated by the great success and adoption of Bitcoin, a number of
cryptocurrencies such as Litecoin, Dogecoin, and Ethereum are becoming
increasingly popular. Although existing blockchain-based cryptocurrency schemes
can ensure reasonable security for transactions, they do not consider any
notion of fairness. Fair exchange allows two players to exchange digital
"items", such as digital signatures, over insecure networks fairly, so that
either each player gets the other's item, or neither player does. Given that
blockchain participants typically do not trust each other, enabling fairness in
existing cryptocurrencies is an essential but insufficiently explored problem.
  In this paper, we explore the solution space for enabling the fair exchange
of a cryptocurrency payment for a receipt. We identify the timeliness of an
exchange as an important property especially when one of the parties involved
in the exchange is resource-constrained. We introduce the notion of strong
timeliness for a fair exchange protocol and propose two fair
payment-for-receipt protocol instantiations that leverage functionality of the
blockchain to achieve strong timeliness. We implement both and compare their
security and efficiency.


title: Using Neural Network Formalism to Solve Multiple-Instance Problems

abstract:
  Many objects in the real world are difficult to describe by a single
numerical vector of a fixed length, whereas describing them by a set of vectors
is more natural. Therefore, Multiple instance learning (MIL) techniques have
been constantly gaining on importance throughout last years. MIL formalism
represents each object (sample) by a set (bag) of feature vectors (instances)
of fixed length where knowledge about objects (e.g., class label) is available
on bag level but not necessarily on instance level. Many standard tools
including supervised classifiers have been already adapted to MIL setting since
the problem got formalized in late nineties. In this work we propose a neural
network (NN) based formalism that intuitively bridges the gap between MIL
problem definition and the vast existing knowledge-base of standard models and
classifiers. We show that the proposed NN formalism is effectively optimizable
by a modified back-propagation algorithm and can reveal unknown patterns inside
bags. Comparison to eight types of classifiers from the prior art on a set of
14 publicly available benchmark datasets confirms the advantages and accuracy
of the proposed solution.


title: Commutativity of normal compact operator via projective spectrum

abstract:
  In this note we obtain commutativity criteria for normal compact operators
using the projective spectrum. We thus improve a corresponding result obtained
by Chagouel, Stessin and Zhu[Trans AMS,2016].


title:
Transient Classification in LIGO data using Difference Boosting Neural
  Network

abstract:
  Detection and classification of transients in data from gravitational wave
detectors are crucial for efficient searches for true astrophysical events and
identification of noise sources. We present a hybrid method for classification
of short duration transients seen in gravitational wave data using both
supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques. To train the
classifiers we use the relative wavelet energy and the corresponding entropy
obtained by applying one-dimensional wavelet decomposition on the data. The
prediction accuracy of the trained classifier on 9 simulated classes of
gravitational wave transients and also LIGO's sixth science run hardware
injections are reported. Targeted searches for a couple of known classes of
non-astrophysical signals in the first observational run of Advanced LIGO data
are also presented. The ability to accurately identify transient classes using
minimal training samples makes the proposed method a useful tool for LIGO
detector characterization as well as searches for short duration gravitational
wave signals.


title: Electromagnetic transitions in multiple chiral doublet bands

abstract:
  Multiple chiral doublet bands (M$\chi$D) in the $80$, 130 and $190$ mass
regions are studied by the model of $\gamma$=90$^{\circ}$ triaxial rotor
coupled with identical symmetric proton-neutron configurations. By selecting
the suitable basis, the calculated wave functions are explicitly exhibited to
be symmetric under the operator $\hat{A}$, which is defined as rotation by
$90^{\circ}$ about 3-axis with the exchange of valance proton and neutron. We
found that both $M1$ and $E2$ transitions are allowed between the levels with
different values of $A$, while are forbidden between the levels with same
values of $A$. Such a selection rule holds true for M$\chi$D in different mass
regions.


title: Existence of tangent lines to Carnot-Carath\'eodory geodesics

abstract:
  We show that length minimizing curves in Carnot-Carath\'eodory spaces possess
at any point at least one tangent curve (i.e., a blow-up in the nilpotent
approximation) equal to a straight horizontal line. This is the first
regularity result for length minimizers that holds with no assumption on either
the space (e.g., its rank, step, or analyticity) or the curve, and it is novel
even in the setting of Carnot groups.


title:
Applicability of pion-nucleus Drell-Yan data in global analysis of
  nuclear parton distribution functions

abstract:
  Despite the success of modern nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs)
in describing nuclear hard-process data, they still suffer from large
uncertainties. One of the poorly constrained features is the possible asymmetry
in nuclear modifications of valence $u$ and $d$ quarks. We study the
possibility of using pion-nucleus Drell-Yan dilepton data as a new constraint
in the global analysis of nPDFs. We find that the nuclear cross-section ratios
from the NA3, NA10 and E615 experiments can be used without imposing
significant new theoretical uncertainties and, in particular, that these
datasets may have some constraining power on the $u$/$d$ -asymmetry in nuclei.


title:
Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Extragalactic sources in Cosmic
  Microwave Background maps

abstract:
  We discuss the potential of a next generation space-borne Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB) experiment for studies of extragalactic sources. Our analysis
has particular bearing on the definition of the future space project, CORE,
that has been submitted in response to ESA's call for a Medium-size mission
opportunity as the successor of the Planck satellite. Even though the effective
telescope size will be somewhat smaller than that of Planck, CORE will have a
considerably better angular resolution at its highest frequencies, since, in
contrast with Planck, it will be diffraction limited at all frequencies. The
improved resolution implies a considerable decrease of the source confusion,
i.e. substantially fainter detection limits. In particular, CORE will detect
thousands of strongly lensed high-z galaxies distributed over the full sky. The
extreme brightness of these galaxies will make it possible to study them, via
follow-up observations, in extraordinary detail. Also, the CORE resolution
matches the typical sizes of high-z galaxy proto-clusters much better than the
Planck resolution, resulting in a much higher detection efficiency; these
objects will be caught in an evolutionary phase beyond the reach of surveys in
other wavebands. Furthermore, CORE will provide unique information on the
evolution of the star formation in virialized groups and clusters of galaxies
up to the highest possible redshifts. Finally, thanks to its very high
sensitivity, CORE will detect the polarized emission of thousands of radio
sources and, for the first time, of dusty galaxies, at mm and sub-mm
wavelengths, respectively.


title: Spin waves in rings of classical magnetic dipoles

abstract:
  We theoretically and numerically investigate spin waves that occur in systems
of classical magnetic dipoles that are arranged at the vertices of a regular
polygon and interact solely via their magnetic fields. There are certain
limiting cases that can be analyzed in detail. One case is that of spin waves
as infinitesimal excitations from the system's ground state, where the
dispersion relation can be determined analytically. The frequencies of these
infinitesimal spin waves are compared with the peaks of the Fourier transform
of the thermal expectation value of the autocorrelation function calculated by
Monte Carlo simulations. In the special case of vanishing wave number an exact
solution of the equations of motion is possible describing synchronized
oscillations with finite amplitudes. Finally, the limiting case of a dipole
chain with $N\longrightarrow \infty$ is investigated and completely solved.


title: Thin film superfluid optomechanics

abstract:
  Excitations in superfluid helium represent attractive mechanical degrees of
freedom for cavity optomechanics schemes. Here we numerically and analytically
investigate the properties of optomechanical resonators formed by thin films of
superfluid $^4$He covering micrometer-scale whispering gallery mode cavities.
We predict that through proper optimization of the interaction between film and
optical field, large optomechanical coupling rates $g_0>2\pi \times 100$ kHz
and single photon cooperativities $C_0>10$ are achievable. Our analytical model
reveals the unconventional behaviour of these thin films, such as thicker and
heavier films exhibiting smaller effective mass and larger zero point motion.
The optomechanical system outlined here provides access to unusual regimes such
as $g_0>\Omega_M$ and opens the prospect of laser cooling a liquid into its
quantum ground state.


title:
Energy spectra of 3He-rich solar energetic particles associated with
  coronal waves

abstract:
  In addition to their anomalous abundances, 3He-rich solar energetic particles
(SEPs) show puzzling energy spectral shapes varying from rounded forms to power
laws where the later are characteristics of shock acceleration. Solar sources
of these particles have been often associated with jets and narrow CMEs, which
are the signatures of magnetic reconnection involving open field. Recent
reports on new associations with large-scale EUV waves bring new insights on
acceleration and transport of 3He-rich SEPs in the corona. We examined energy
spectra for 32 3He-rich SEP events observed by ACE at L1 near solar minimum in
2007-2010 and compared the spectral shapes with solar flare signatures obtained
from STEREO EUV images. We found the events with jets or brightenings tend to
be associated with rounded spectra and the events with coronal waves with power
laws. This suggests that coronal waves may be related to the unknown second
stage mechanism commonly used to interpret spectral forms of 3He-rich SEPs.


title: Non-invasive evaluation of skin tension lines with elastic waves

abstract:
  Background: Since their discovery by Karl Langer in the 19th Century, Skin
Tension Lines (STLs) have been used by surgeons to decide the location and
orientation of an incision. Although these lines are patient-specific, most
surgeons rely on generic maps to determine their orientation. Beyond the
imprecise pinch test, there remains no accepted method for determining STLs in
vivo.
  Methods: (i) The speed of an elastic motion travelling radially on the skin
of canine cadavers was measured with a commercial device called the
Reviscometer. (ii) Similar to the original experiments conducted by Karl
Langer, circular excisions were made on the skin and the geometric changes to
the resulting wounds and excised samples were used to determine the orientation
of STLs.
  Results: A marked anisotropy in the speed of the elastic wave travelling
radially was observed. The orientation of the fastest wave was found to
correlate with the orientation of the elongated wound (P<0.001, R^2 = 74%).
Similarly, the orientation of fastest wave was the same for both in vivo and
excised isolated samples, indicating that the STLs have a structural basis.
Resulting wounds expanded by an average area of 9% (+16% along STL and -10%
across) while excised skin shrunk by an average area of 33% (23% along STL and
10% across).
  Conclusion: Elastic surface wave propagation has been validated
experimentally as a robust method for determining the orientation of STLs
non-destructively and non-invasively. This study has implications for the
identification of STLs and for the prediction of skin tension levels, both
important factors in both human and veterinary reconstructive surgery.


title:
VEGA/CHARA interferometric observations of Cepheids. I. A resolved
  structure around the prototype classical Cepheid delta Cep in the visible
  spectral range

abstract:
  The B-W method is used to determine the distance of Cepheids and consists in
combining the angular size variations of the star, as derived from infrared
surface-brightness relations or interferometry, with its linear size variation,
as deduced from visible spectroscopy using the projection factor. While many
Cepheids have been intensively observed by infrared beam combiners, only a few
have been observed in the visible. This paper is part of a project to observe
Cepheids in the visible with interferometry as a counterpart to infrared
observations already in hand. Observations of delta Cep itself were secured
with the VEGA/CHARA instrument over the full pulsation cycle of the star. These
visible interferometric data are consistent in first approximation with a
quasi-hydrostatic model of pulsation surrounded by a static circumstellar
environment (CSE) with a size of theta_cse=8.9 +/- 3.0 mas and a relative flux
contribution of f_cse=0.07+/-0.01. A model of visible nebula (a background
source filling the field of view of the interferometer) with the same relative
flux contribution is also consistent with our data at small spatial
frequencies. However, in both cases, we find discrepancies in the squared
visibilities at high spatial frequencies (maximum 2sigma) with two different
regimes over the pulsation cycle of the star, phi=0.0-0.8 and phi=0.8-1.0. We
provide several hypotheses to explain these discrepancies, but more
observations and theoretical investigations are necessary before a firm
conclusion can be drawn. For the first time we have been able to detect in the
visible domain a resolved structure around delta~Cep. We have also shown that a
simple model cannot explain the observations, and more work will be necessary
in the future, both on observations and modelling.


title:
Tight fluctuations of weight-distances in random graphs with
  infinite-variance degrees

abstract:
  We prove results for first-passage percolation on the configuration model
with i.i.d. degrees having finite mean, infinite variance and i.i.d. weights
with strictly positive support of the form Y=a+X, where a is a positive
constant. We prove that the weight of the optimal path has tight fluctuations
around the asymptotical mean of the graph-distance if and only if the following
condition holds: the random variable X is such that the continuous-time
branching process describing first-passage percolation exploration in the same
graph with excess edge weight X has a positive probability to reach infinitely
many individuals in a finite time. This shows that almost shortest paths in the
graph-distance proliferate, in the sense that there are even ones having tight
total excess edge weight for various edge-weight distributions.


title:
Certain classifications on surfaces of revolution in a semi-isotropic
  space

abstract:
  A semi-isotropic space is a real affine 3-space endowed with the
non-degenerate metric dx^{2}-dy^{2}. The main purpose of this paper is to
describe the surfaces of revolution in the semi-isotropic space that satisfy
some equations in terms of the position vector and the Laplace operators with
respect to the first and the second fundamental forms.


title: Early-warning indicators in the dynamic regime

abstract:
  Early-warning indicators (increase of autocorrelation and variance) are
commonly applied to time series data to try and detect tipping points of
real-world systems. The theory behind these indicators originates from
approximating the fluctuations around an equilibrium observed in time series
data by a linear stationary (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) process. Then for the approach
of a bifurcation-type tipping point the formulas for the autocorrelation and
variance of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process detect the phenomenon `critical
slowing down'. The assumption of stationarity and linearity introduces two
sources of error in the early-warning indicators. We investigate the difference
between the theoretical and observed values for the early-warning indicators
for the saddle-node normal form bifurcation with linear drift.


title: Constraint-Based Clustering Selection

abstract:
  Semi-supervised clustering methods incorporate a limited amount of
supervision into the clustering process. Typically, this supervision is
provided by the user in the form of pairwise constraints. Existing methods use
such constraints in one of the following ways: they adapt their clustering
procedure, their similarity metric, or both. All of these approaches operate
within the scope of individual clustering algorithms. In contrast, we propose
to use constraints to choose between clusterings generated by very different
unsupervised clustering algorithms, run with different parameter settings. We
empirically show that this simple approach often outperforms existing
semi-supervised clustering methods.


title:
Positive solutions for nonlinear Choquard equation with singular
  nonlinearity

abstract:
  In this article, we study the following nonlinear Choquard equation with
singular nonlinearity \begin{equation*}
  \quad -\De u = \la u^{-q} + \left(
\int_{\Om}\frac{|u|^{2^*_{\mu}}}{|x-y|^{\mu}}\mathrm{d}y
\right)|u|^{2^*_{\mu}-2}u, \quad u>0 \; \text{in}\; \Om,\quad u = 0 \;
\mbox{on}\; \partial\Om, \end{equation*} where $\Om$ is a bounded domain in
$\mb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary $\partial \Om$, $n > 2,\; \la >0,\; 0 < q < 1,
\; 0<\mu<n$ and $2^*_\mu=\frac{2n-\mu}{n-2}$. Using variational approach and
structure of associated Nehari manifold, we show the existence and multiplicity
of positive weak solutions of the above problem, if $\la$ is less than some
positive constant. We also study the regularity of these weak solutions.


title: Domination in commuting graph and its complement

abstract:
  For each non-commutative ring R, the commuting graph of R is a graph with
vertex set $R\setminus Z(R)$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and
only if $x\neq y$ and $xy=yx$. In this paper, we consider the domination and
signed domination numbers on commuting graph $\Gamma(R)$ for non-commutative
ring $R$ with $Z(R)=\{0\}$. For a finite ring $R$, it is shown that
$\gamma(\Gamma(R)) + \gamma(\overline{\Gamma}(R))=|R|$ if and only if $R$ is
non-commutative ring on 4 elements. Also we determine the domination number of
$\Gamma(\prod_{i=1}^{t}R_i)$ and commuting graph of non-commutative ring $R$ of
order $p^3$, where $p$ is prime. Moreover we present an upper bound for signed
domination number of $\Gamma(\prod_{i=1}^{t}R_i)$.


title: Critical behavior of $k$-core percolation: Numerical studies

abstract:
  $k$-Core percolation has served as a paradigmatic model of discontinuous
percolation for a long time. Recently it was revealed that the order parameter
of $k$-core percolation of random networks additionally exhibits critical
behavior. Thus $k$-core percolation exhibits a hybrid phase transition. Unlike
the critical behaviors of ordinary percolation that are well understood, those
of hybrid percolation transitions have not been thoroughly understood yet.
Here, we investigate the critical behavior of $k$-core percolation of
Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi networks. We find numerically that the fluctuations of the
order parameter and the mean avalanche size diverge in different ways. Thus, we
classify the critical exponents into two types: those associated with the order
parameter and those with finite avalanches. The conventional scaling relations
hold within each set, however, these two critical exponents are coupled.
Finally we discuss some universal features of the critical behaviors of
$k$-core percolation and the cascade failure model on multiplex networks.


title: Hypergeometric modular equations

abstract:
  We record $$ \binom{42}2+\binom{23}2+\binom{13}2=1192 $$ functional
identities that, apart from being amazingly amusing by themselves, find
applications in derivation of Ramanujan-type formulas for $1/\pi$ and in
computation of mathematical constants.


title: Charmonium production in pp collisions with ALICE at the LHC

abstract:
  We report on forward-rapidity charmonium production in pp collisions at a
center of mass energy $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV, as measured by ALICE at the LHC.
Differential cross sections for both J/{\psi} and {\psi}(2S) are presented as a
function of the charmonium transverse momentum and rapidity. Results are
compared to similar measurements performed by LHCb, to lower energy
measurements and to state of the art model calculations.


title: Percolation on networks with weak and heterogeneous dependency

abstract:
  In real networks, the dependency between nodes is ubiquitous; however, the
dependency is not always complete and homogeneous. In this paper, we propose a
percolation model with weak and heterogeneous dependency; i.e., dependency
strengths could be different between different nodes. We find that the
heterogeneous dependency strength will make the system more robust, and for
various distributions of dependency strengths both continuous and discontinuous
percolation transitions can be found. For Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi networks, we
prove that the crossing point of the continuous and discontinuous percolation
transitions is dependent on the first five moments of the dependency strength
distribution. This indicates that the discontinuous percolation transition on
networks with dependency is determined not only by the dependency strength but
also by its distribution. Furthermore, in the area of the continuous
percolation transition, we also find that the critical point depends on the
first and second moments of the dependency strength distribution. To validate
the theoretical analysis, cases with two different dependency strengths and
Gaussian distribution of dependency strengths are presented as examples.


title: Entropy and Geometry of Quantum States

abstract:
  We compare the roles of the Bures-Helstrom (BH) and Bogoliubov-Kubo-Mori
(BKM) metrics in the subject of quantum information geometry. We note that
there are two limits involved in state discrimination, which we call the
"thermodynamic" limit (of $N$, the number of realizations going to infinity)
and the infinitesimal limit (of the separation of states tending to zero). We
show that these two limits do not commute in the quantum case. Taking the
infinitesimal limit first leads to the BH metric and the corresponding
Cram\'er-Rao bound, which is widely accepted in this subject. Taking limits in
the opposite order leads to the BKM metric, which results in a weaker
Cram\'er-Rao bound. This lack of commutation of limits is a purely quantum
phenomenon arising from quantum entanglement. We can exploit this phenomenon to
gain a quantum advantage in state discrimination and get around the limitation
imposed by the Bures-Helstrom Cram\'er-Rao (BHCR) bound. We propose a
technologically feasible experiment with cold atoms to demonstrate the quantum
advantage in the simple case of two qubits.


title:
Time-resolved dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect under elliptically
  polarized laser

abstract:
  The analytical formula for the time-resolved dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect
(Tr-DFKE) under an elliptically polarized laser in sub-femtosecond time-scale
is reported. The Houston function is assumed as the time-dependent wave
function of the parabolic two-band system. The resulting formula shows the
sub-cycle change of the optical properties for elliptically polarization; the
modulation of the dielectric function becomes smaller than that of linear
polarization. On the other hand, the subcycle modulation of the dielectric
function disappears for a circularly polarized laser, which is a significant
feature of the Tr-DFKE. This analytical formulas show good qualitative
agreement with the first-principle calculation employing the time-dependent
density functional theory for diamond.


title: Effect of interactions on quantum-limited detectors

abstract:
  We consider the effect of electron-electron interactions on a voltage biased
quantum point contact in the tunneling regime used as a detector of a nearby
qubit. We model the leads of the quantum point contact as Luttinger liquids,
incorporate the effects of finite temperature and analyze the detection-induced
decoherence rate and the detector efficiency, $Q$. We find that interactions
generically reduce the induced decoherence along with the detector's
efficiency, and strongly affect the relative strength of the decoherence
induced by tunneling and that induced by interactions with the local density.
With increasing interaction strength, the regime of quantum-limited detection
($Q=1$) is shifted to increasingly lower temperatures or higher bias voltages
respectively. For small to moderate interaction strengths, $Q$ is a
monotonously decreasing function of temperature as in the non-interacting case.
Surprisingly, for sufficiently strong interactions we identify an intermediate
temperature regime where the efficiency of the detector increases with rising
temperature.


title: Circular phonon dichroism in Weyl semimetals

abstract:
  We derive the phonon dynamics of magnetic metals in the presence of strong
spin-orbit coupling. We show that both a dissipationless viscosity and a
dissipative viscosity arise in the dynamics. While the dissipationless
viscosity splits the dispersion of left-handed and right-handed circularly
polarized phonons, the dissipative viscosity damps them differently, inducing
circular phonon dichroism. The effect offers a new degree of manipulation of
phonons, i.e., the control of the phonon polarization. We investigate the
effect in Weyl semimetals. We find that there exists strong circular phonon
dichroism in Weyl semimetals breaking both the time-reversal and the inversion
symmetry, making them potential materials for realizing the acoustic circular
polarizer.


title: The solar silicon abundance based on 3D non-LTE calculations

abstract:
  We present three-dimensional (3D) non-local thermodynamic equilibrium
(non-LTE) radiative transfer calculations for silicon in the solar photosphere,
using an extensive model atom that includes recent, realistic neutral hydrogen
collisional cross-sections. We find that photon losses in the SiI lines give
rise to slightly negative non-LTE abundance corrections of the order -0.01 dex.
We infer a 3D non-LTE based solar silicon abundance of 7.51 dex. With silicon
commonly chosen to be the anchor between the photospheric and meteoritic
abundances, we find that the meteoritic abundance scale remains unchanged
compared with the Asplund et al. (2009) and Lodders et al. (2009) results.


title:
Linearization of quasiperiodically forced circle flow beyond Brjuno
  condition

abstract:
  We prove that an analytic quasiperiodically forced circle flow with a not
super-Liouvillean base frequency and which is close enough to some constant
rotation is $C^{\infty}$ rotations reducible, provided its fibered rotation
number is Diophantine with respect to the base frequency. As a corollary, we
obtain that among such systems, the linearizable ones and those displaying
mode-locking are locally dense for the $C^\infty$-topology.


title: Vortex spectroscopy in the vortex glass: A real-space numerical approach

abstract:
  A method is presented to solve the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations with
arbitrary distributions of vortices. The real-space Green's function approach
based on Chebyshev polynomials is complemented by a gauge transformation which
allows one to treat finite as well as infinite, ordered as well as disordered
vortex configurations. This tool gives unprecedented access to vortex lattices
at very low magnetic fields and glassy phases. After describing in detail the
method and its implementation, we use it to address a series of problems
related to $d$-wave superconductivity on the square lattice. We first study the
continuity of the vortex-core energy spectrum and its evolution from the
quantum regime to the semiclassical limit; we investigate the effect of the
band structure on the vortex by following the self-consistent solution through
a Lifshitz transition; we then study the evolution from the vortex lattice to
the isolated-vortex limit with decreasing field and show that a new emerging
length scale controls this transition; finally, we perform a statistical study
of the vortex-core local density of states in the presence of positional
disorder in the vortex lattice. The calculations reveal a number of qualitative
differences between the properties of vortices in the quantum and semiclassical
regimes.


title:
Reply to the Comment on 'Unraveling Photoinduced Spin Dynamics in the
  Topological Insulator Bi2Se3'

abstract:
  Reply to the Comment [arXiv:1609.04476] on a recent work in PRL [Phys. Rev.
Lett. 116, 036601 (2016), arXiv:1511.02994v2].


title: Exploring the progenitors of brightest cluster galaxies at z~2

abstract:
  We present a new method for tracing the evolution of BCGs from $z\sim 2$ to
$z\sim 0$. We conclude on the basis of semi-analytical models that the best
method to select BCG progenitors at $z\sim 2$ is a hybrid environmental density
and stellar mass ranking approach. Ultimately we are able to retrieve 45\% of
BCG progenitors. We apply this method on the CANDELS UDS data to construct a
progenitor sample at high redshift. We furthermore populate the comparisons in
local universe by using SDSS data with statistically likely contamination to
ensure a fair comparison between high and low redshifts. Using these samples we
demonstrate that the BCG sizes have grown by a factor of $\sim 3.2$ since
$z\sim 2$, and BCG progenitors are mainly late-type galaxies, exhibiting less
concentrated profiles than their early-type local counterparts. We find that
BCG progenitors have more disturbed morphologies. In contrast, local BCGs have
much smoother profiles. Moreover, we find that the stellar masses of BCGs have
grown by a factor of $\sim 2.5$ since $z\sim 2$, and the SFR of BCG progenitors
has a median value of 13.5 $M_\odot$yr$^{-1}$, much higher than their quiescent
local descendants. We demonstrate that over $z=1-2$ star formation and merging
contribute equally to BCG mass growth. However, merging plays a dominant role
in BCG assembly at $z \lesssim 1$. We also find that BCG progenitors at
high-$z$ are not significantly different from other galaxies of similar mass at
the same epoch. This suggests that the processes which differentiate BCGs from
normal massive elliptical galaxies must occur at $z \lesssim 2$.


title: Random Popular Matchings with Incomplete Preference Lists

abstract:
  Given a set $A$ of $n$ people and a set $B$ of $m \geq n$ items, with each
person having a list that ranks his/her preferred items in order of preference,
we want to match every person with a unique item. A matching $M$ is called
popular if for any other matching $M'$, the number of people who prefer $M$ to
$M'$ is not less than the number of those who prefer $M'$ to $M$. For given $n$
and $m$, consider the probability of existence of a popular matching when each
person's preference list is independently and uniformly generated at random.
Previously, Mahdian showed that when people's preference lists are strict
(containing no ties) and complete (containing all items in $B$), if $\alpha =
m/n > \alpha_*$, where $\alpha_* \approx 1.42$ is the root of equation $x^2 =
e^{1/x}$, then a popular matching exists with probability $1-o(1)$; and if
$\alpha < \alpha_*$, then a popular matching exists with probability $o(1)$,
i.e. a phase transition occurs at $\alpha_*$. In this paper, we investigate
phase transitions in the case that people's preference lists are strict but not
complete. We show that in the case where every person has a preference list
with length of a constant $k \geq 4$, a similar phase transition occurs at
$\alpha_k$, where $\alpha_k \geq 1$ is the root of equation $x e^{-1/2x} =
1-(1-e^{-1/x})^{k-1}$.


title: The $\mathfrak{sl}_3$ colored Jones polynomials for $2$-bridge links

abstract:
  Kuperberg introduced web spaces for some Lie algebras which are
generalizations of the Kauffman bracket skein module on a disk with marked
points. We derive some formulas for $A_1$ and $A_2$ clasped web spaces by
graphical calculus using skein theory. These formulas are colored version of
skein relations, twist formulas and bubble skein expansion formulas. We
calculate the $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and $\mathfrak{sl}_3$ colored Jones polynomials
of $2$-bridge knots and links explicitly using twist formulas.


title: Eigenfunction statistics of Laguerre Brownian ensemble

abstract:
  We theoretically analyze the eigenfunction fluctuation measures for a
Hermitian ensemble which appears as an intermediate state of the perturbation
of a stationary ensemble by another stationary ensemble of Laguerre type.
Similar to the perturbation by a Gaussian stationary ensemble, the measures
undergo a diffusive dynamics in terms of the pertubation parameter along with a
drift due to level-repulsion. The energy-dependences of the fluctuations for
the Laguerre case is in general different from the Gaussian case but locally
they can be expressed in a same mathematical form.


title: Spectral accuracy for the Hahn polynomials

abstract:
  We consider in this paper the Hahn polynomials and their application in
numerical methods. The Hahn polynomials are classical discrete orthogonal
polynomials. We analyse the behaviour of these polynomials in the context of
spectral approximation of partial differential equations. We study series
expansions $u=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \hat{u}_n \phi_n$, where the $\phi_n$ are the
Hahn polynomials. We examine the Hahn coefficients and proof spectral accuracy
in some sense. We substantiate our results by numericals tests. Furthermore we
discuss a problem which arise by using the Hahn polynomials in the
approximation of a function $u$, which is linked to the Runge phenomenon. We
suggest two approaches to avoid this problem. These will also be the motivation
and the outlook of further research in the application of discrete orthogonal
polynomials in a spectral method for the numerical solution of hyperbolic
conservation laws.


title: Nonlinear self-adapting wave patterns

abstract:
  We propose a new type of traveling wave pattern, one that can adapt to the
size of physical system in which it is embedded. Such a system arises when the
initial state has an instability that extends down to zero wavevector,
connecting at that point to two symmetry modes of the underlying dynamical
system. The Min system of proteins in E. coli is such as system with the
symmetry emerging from the global conservation of two proteins, MinD and MinE.
For this and related systems, traveling waves can adiabatically deform as the
system is increased in size without the increase in node number that would be
expected for an oscillatory version of a Turing instability containing an
allowed wavenumber band with a finite minimum.


title:
A spectral algorithm for fast de novo layout of uncorrected long
  nanopore reads

abstract:
  Motivation: New long read sequencers promise to transform sequencing and
genome assembly by producing reads tens of kilobases long. However their high
error rate significantly complicates assembly and requires expensive correction
steps to layout the reads using standard assembly engines.
  Results: We present an original and efficient spectral algorithm to layout
the uncorrected nanopore reads, and its seamless integration into a
straightforward overlap/layout/consensus (OLC) assembly scheme. The method is
shown to assemble Oxford Nanopore reads from several bacterial genomes into
good quality (~99% identity to the reference) genome-sized contigs, while
yielding more fragmented assemblies from a Sacharomyces cerevisiae reference
strain.
  Availability and implementation: http://github.com/antrec/spectrassembler
  Contact: antoine.recanati@inria.fr


title: Entropy Product Formula for Gravitational Instanton

abstract:
  We investigate the entropy product formula for various gravitational
instantons. We speculate that due to the mass-independent features of the said
instantons they are \emph{universal} as well as they are \emph{quantized}. For
isolated Euclidean Schwarzschild black hole, these properties simply
\emph{fail}.


title: On Newman and Littlewood multiples of Borwein polynomials

abstract:
  A Newman polynomial has all the coefficients in $\{ 0,1\}$ and constant term
1, whereas a Littlewood polynomial has all coefficients in $\{-1,1\}$. We call
$P(X)\in\mathbb{Z}[X]$ a Borwein polynomial if all its coefficients belong to
$\{ -1,0,1\}$ and $P(0)\neq 0$. By exploiting an algorithm which decides
whether a given monic integer polynomial with no roots on the unit circle
$|z|=1$ has a non-zero multiple in $\mathbb{Z}[X]$ with coefficients in a
finite set $\mathcal{D} \subset \mathbb{Z}$, for every Borwein polynomial of
degree at most 9 we determine whether it divides any Littlewood or Newman
polynomial. In particular, we show that every Borwein polynomial of degree at
most 8 which divides some Newman polynomial divides some Littlewood polynomial
as well. In addition to this, for every Newman polynomial of degree at most 11,
we check whether it has a Littlewood multiple, extending the previous results
of Borwein, Hare, Mossinghoff, Dubickas and Jankauskas.


title:
Interpreting observations of edge-on gravitationally unstable accretion
  flows

abstract:
  Gravitational collapse of molecular cloud or cloud core/clump may lead to the
formation of geometrically flattened, rotating accretion flow surrounding the
new born star or star cluster. Gravitational instability may occur in such
accretion flow when the gas to stellar mass ratio is high (e.g. over
$\sim$10\%). This paper takes the OB cluster-forming region G10.6-0.4 as an
example. We introduce the enclosed gas mass around its central ultra compact
(UC) H\textsc{ii} region, addresses the gravitational stability of the
accreting gas, and outline the observed potential signatures of gravitational
instability. The position-velocity (PV) diagrams of various molecular gas
tracers on G10.6-0.4 consistently show asymmetry in the spatial and the
velocity domain. We deduce the morphology of the dense gas accretion flow by
modeling velocity distribution of the azimuthally asymmetric gas structures,
and by directly de-projecting the PV diagrams. We found that within the 0.3 pc
radius, an infall velocity of 1-2 km\,s$^{-1}$ may be required to explain the
observed PV diagrams. In addition, the velocity distribution traced in the PV
diagrams can be interpreted by spiral arm-like structures, which may be
connected with exterior infalling gas filaments. The morphology of dense gas
structures we propose appears very similar to the spatially resolved gas
structures around the OB cluster-forming region G33.92+0.11 with similar gas
mass and size, which however is likely to be approximately in a face-on
projection. The dense gas accretion flow around G10.6-0.4 appears to be Toomre
unstable, which is consistent with the existence of large-scale spiral arm-like
structures, and the formation of localize gas condensations.


title:
Highly Enriched 7Be in the ejecta of Nova Sagittarii 2015 No. 2 (V5668
  Sgr) and the Galactic Lithium origin

abstract:
  We report on the evidence of highly blue-shifted resonance lines of the
singly ionised isotope of 7BeII in high resolution UVES spectra of Nova
Sagittarii 2015 No. 2 (V5668 Sgr). The resonance doublet lines 7BeII at lambda
313.0583, 313.1228 nm are clearly detected in several non saturated and
partially resolved high velocity components during the evolution of the
outburst. The total absorption identified with Beryllium has an equivalent
width much larger than all other elements and comparable to hydrogen. We
estimate an atomic fraction N(7Be)/N(Ca) ~ 53-69 from unsaturated and resolved
absorption components. The detection of 7Be in several high velocity components
shows that it has been freshly created in a thermonuclear runaway via the
reaction 3He}(alpha,gamma) 7Be during the Nova explosion, as postulated by
Arnould and Norgaard (1975) , however in much larger amounts than predicted by
current models. 7Be decays to 7Li with a half-life of 53.22 days, comparable to
the temporal span covered by the observations. The non detection of LiI
requires that LiII remains ionised throughout our observations. The massive 7Be
ejecta result into a 7Li production that is about 4.7-4.9 dex above the
meteoritic abundance. If such a high production is common even in a small
fraction (~5%) of Novae, they can make all the "stellar" 7Li of the Milky Way.


title: Criticality in Brownian ensembles

abstract:
  The local statistical fluctuations in Brownian ensembles, the intermediate
state of perturbation of one classical ensemble by another one, are system-size
invariant if the perturbation parameter has the same size-dependence as that of
the ensemble averaged local level density. The sensitivity to local spectral
density however makes the measures for the critical statistics non-stationary
along the spectrum.


title: Tomographic X-ray data of a lotus root filled with attenuating objects

abstract:
  This is the documentation of the tomographic X-ray data of a lotus root,
filled with four different attenuating objects, of different sizes. Data are
available at www.fips.fi/dataset.php, and can be freely used for scientific
purposes with appropriate references to them, and to this document in
http://arxiv.org/arXiv. The data set consists of (1) the X-ray sinogram of a
single 2D slice of the lotus root with two different resolutions and (2) the
corresponding measurement matrices modeling the linear operation of the X-ray
transform. Each of these sinograms was obtained from a measured 360-projection
fan-beam sinogram by down-sampling and taking logarithms. The original
(measured) sinogram is also provided in its original form and resolution.


title:
Spacetime Dependence of Local Temperature in Relativistic Quantum Field
  Theory

abstract:
  The spacetime dependence of the inverse temperature four-vector
$\boldsymbol{\beta}$ for certain states of the quantized Klein-Gordon field on
(parts of) Minkowski spacetime is discussed. These states fulfill a recently
proposed version of the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) boundary value condition,
the so-called "local KMS (LKMS) condition". It turns out that, depending on the
mass parameter $m\geq 0$, any such state can be extended either (i) to a LKMS
state on some forward or backward lightcone, with $\boldsymbol{\beta}$
depending linearily on spacetime, or (ii) to a thermal equilibrium (KMS) state
on all of Minkowski space with constant $\boldsymbol{\beta}$. This parallels
previously known results for local thermal equilibrium (LTE) states of the
quantized Klein-Gordon field. Furthermore, in the case of a massless field our
results point to a discrepancy with some classic results in general approaches
to (non-quantum) relativistic thermodynamics.


title: A Computer Algebra Package for Polynomial Sequence Recognition

abstract:
  The software package developed in the MS thesis research implements functions
for the intelligent guessing of polynomial sequence formulas based on
user-defined expected sequence factors of the input coefficients. We present a
specialized hybrid approach to finding exact representations for polynomial
sequences that is motivated by the need for an automated procedures to discover
the precise forms of these sums based on user guidance, or intuition, as to
special sequence factors present in the formulas. In particular, the package
combines the user input on the expected special sequence factors in the
polynomial coefficient formulas with calls to the existing functions as
subroutines that then process formulas for the remaining sequence terms already
recognized by these packages.
  The factorization-based approach to polynomial sequence recognition is unique
to this package and allows the search functions to find expressions for
polynomial sums involving Stirling numbers and other special triangular
sequences that are not readily handled by other software packages. In contrast
to many other sequence recognition and summation software, the package not
provide an explicit proof, or certificate, for the correctness of these
sequence formulas -- only computationally guided educated guesses at a complete
identity generating the sequence over all $n$. The thesis contains a number of
concrete, working examples of the package that are intended to both demonstrate
its usage and to document its current sequence recognition capabilities.


title: Building accurate HAV exploiting User Profiling and Sentiment Analysis

abstract:
  Social Engineering (SE) is one of the most dangerous aspect an attacker can
use against a given entity (private citizen, industry, government, ...). In
order to perform SE attacks, it is necessary to collect as much information as
possible about the target (or victim(s)). The aim of this paper is to report
the details of an activity which took to the development of an automatic tool
that extracts, categorizes and summarizes the target interests, thus possible
weaknesses with respect to specific topics. Data is collected from the user's
activity on social networks, parsed and analyzed using text mining techniques.
The main contribution of the proposed tool consists in delivering some reports
that allow the citizen, institutions as well as private bodies the screening of
their exposure to SE attacks, with a strong awareness potential that will be
reflected in a decrease of the risks and a good opportunity to save money.


title:
Sensitivity of (d,p) reactions to high n-p momenta and the consequences
  for nuclear spectroscopy studies

abstract:
  Theoretical models of low-energy (d,p) single-neutron transfer reactions are
a crucial link between experimentation, nuclear structure and nuclear
astrophysical studies. Whereas reaction models that use local optical
potentials are insensitive to short-range physics in the deuteron, we show that
including the inherent nonlocality of the nucleon-target interactions and
realistic deuteron wave functions generates significant sensitivity to high n-p
relative momenta and to the underlying nucleon-nucleon interaction. We quantify
this effect upon the deuteron channel distorting potentials within the
framework of the adiabatic deuteron breakup model. The implications for
calculated (d,p) cross sections and spectroscopic information deduced from
experiments are discussed.


title:
Funnel-Structured Cascade for Multi-View Face Detection with
  Alignment-Awareness

abstract:
  Multi-view face detection in open environment is a challenging task due to
diverse variations of face appearances and shapes. Most multi-view face
detectors depend on multiple models and organize them in parallel, pyramid or
tree structure, which compromise between the accuracy and time-cost. Aiming at
a more favorable multi-view face detector, we propose a novel funnel-structured
cascade (FuSt) detection framework. In a coarse-to-fine flavor, our FuSt
consists of, from top to bottom, 1) multiple view-specific fast LAB cascade for
extremely quick face proposal, 2) multiple coarse MLP cascade for further
candidate window verification, and 3) a unified fine MLP cascade with
shape-indexed features for accurate face detection. Compared with other
structures, on the one hand, the proposed one uses multiple computationally
efficient distributed classifiers to propose a small number of candidate
windows but with a high recall of multi-view faces. On the other hand, by using
a unified MLP cascade to examine proposals of all views in a centralized style,
it provides a favorable solution for multi-view face detection with high
accuracy and low time-cost. Besides, the FuSt detector is alignment-aware and
performs a coarse facial part prediction which is beneficial for subsequent
face alignment. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets, FDDB and
AFW, demonstrate the effectiveness of our FuSt detector in both accuracy and
speed.


title:
Strichartz estimates for the fractional Schr\"odinger and wave equations
  on compact manifolds without boundary

abstract:
  We firstly prove Strichartz estimates for the fractional Schr\"odinger
equations on $\mathbb{R}^d$ endowed with a smooth bounded metric $g$. We then
prove Strichartz estimates for the fractional Schr\"odinger and wave equations
on compact Riemannian manifolds without boundary $(M,g)$. We finally give
applications of Strichartz estimates for the local well-posedness of the pure
power-type nonlinear fractional Schr\"odinger and wave equations posed on
$(M,g)$.


title: EgoCap: Egocentric Marker-less Motion Capture with Two Fisheye Cameras

abstract:
  Marker-based and marker-less optical skeletal motion-capture methods use an
outside-in arrangement of cameras placed around a scene, with viewpoints
converging on the center. They often create discomfort by possibly needed
marker suits, and their recording volume is severely restricted and often
constrained to indoor scenes with controlled backgrounds. Alternative
suit-based systems use several inertial measurement units or an exoskeleton to
capture motion. This makes capturing independent of a confined volume, but
requires substantial, often constraining, and hard to set up body
instrumentation. We therefore propose a new method for real-time, marker-less
and egocentric motion capture which estimates the full-body skeleton pose from
a lightweight stereo pair of fisheye cameras that are attached to a helmet or
virtual reality headset. It combines the strength of a new generative pose
estimation framework for fisheye views with a ConvNet-based body-part detector
trained on a large new dataset. Our inside-in method captures full-body motion
in general indoor and outdoor scenes, and also crowded scenes with many people
in close vicinity. The captured user can freely move around, which enables
reconstruction of larger-scale activities and is particularly useful in virtual
reality to freely roam and interact, while seeing the fully motion-captured
virtual body.