title: Principle of detailed balance and a dilute gas in gravitational field

abstract:
  We study in this paper a dilute gas in a gravitational field and present a
relation of the molecular distribution function with respect to position and
velocity. The relation is obtained from the principle of detailed balance and
can be used to study temperature distribution and density distribution.


title:
Ab initio electronic structure and optical conductivity of bismuth
  tellurohalides

abstract:
  We investigate the electronic structure, dielectric and optical properties of
bismuth tellurohalides BiTeX (X = I, Cl, Br) by means of all-electron density
functional theory. In particular, we present the ab initio conductivities and
dielectric tensors calculated over a wide frequency range, and compare our
results with the recent measurements by Akrap et al. , Makhnev et al. , and
Rusinov et al. . We show how the low-frequency branch of the optical
conductivity can be used to identify characteristic intra- and interband
transitions between the Rashba spin-split bands in all three bismuth
tellurohalides. We further calculate the refractive indices and dielectric
constants, which in turn are systematically compared to previous predictions
and measurements. We expect that our quantitative analysis will contribute to
the general assessment of bulk Rashba materials for their potential use in
spintronics devices.


title: Interpolation of Sparse Graph Signals by Sequential Adaptive Thresholds

abstract:
  This paper considers the problem of interpolating signals defined on graphs.
A major presumption considered by many previous approaches to this problem has
been lowpass/ band-limitedness of the underlying graph signal. However,
inspired by the findings on sparse signal reconstruction, we consider the graph
signal to be rather sparse/compressible in the Graph Fourier Transform (GFT)
domain and propose the Iterative Method with Adaptive Thresholding for Graph
Interpolation (IMATGI) algorithm for sparsity promoting interpolation of the
underlying graph signal.We analytically prove convergence of the proposed
algorithm. We also demonstrate efficient performance of the proposed IMATGI
algorithm in reconstructing randomly generated sparse graph signals. Finally,
we consider the widely desirable application of recommendation systems and show
by simulations that IMATGI outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on the
benchmark datasets in this application.


title:
Investigation of energy conditions in the vicinity of future
  cosmological singularities

abstract:
  In this paper, considering the energy conditions we shall show that some of
the energy conditions are violated in the vicinity of future singularities with
the scale factor suggested by Dabrowski - Marosek.


title:
A Central Limit Theorem for Lipschitz-Killing Curvatures of Gaussian
  Excursions

abstract:
  This paper studies the excursion set of a real stationary isotropic Gaussian
random field above a fixed level. We show that the standardized
Lipschitz-Killing curvatures of the intersection of the excursion set with a
window converges in distribution to a normal distribution as the window grows
to the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. Moreover a lower bound for the
asymptotic variance is shown.


title: X-Raying the Dark Side of Venus - Scatter from Venus Magnetotail?

abstract:
  This work analyzes the X-ray, EUV and UV emission apparently coming from the
Earth-facing (dark) side of Venus as observed with Hinode/XRT and SDO/AIA
during a transit across the solar disk occurred in 2012. We have measured
significant X-Ray, EUV and UV flux from Venus dark side. As a check we have
also analyzed a Mercury transit across the solar disk, observed with Hinode/XRT
in 2006. We have used the latest version of the Hinode/XRT Point Spread
Function (PSF) to deconvolve Venus and Mercury X-ray images, in order to remove
possible instrumental scattering. Even after deconvolution, the flux from Venus
shadow remains significant while in the case of Mercury it becomes negligible.
Since stray-light contamination affects the XRT Ti-poly filter data from the
Venus transit in 2012, we performed the same analysis with XRT Al-mesh filter
data, which is not affected by the light leak. Even the Al-mesh filter data
show residual flux. We have also found significant EUV (304 A, 193 A, 335 A)
and UV (1700 A) flux in Venus shadow, as measured with SDO/AIA. The EUV
emission from Venus dark side is reduced when appropriate deconvolution methods
are applied; the emission remains significant, however. The light curves of the
average flux of the shadow in the X-ray, EUV, and UV bands appear different as
Venus crosses the solar disk, but in any of them the flux is, at any time,
approximately proportional to the average flux in a ring surrounding Venus, and
therefore proportional to the average flux of the solar regions around Venus
obscuring disk line of sight. The proportionality factor depends on the band.
This phenomenon has no clear origin; we suggest it may be due to scatter
occurring in the very long magnetotail of Venus.


title:
Super-heavy fermion material as metallic refrigerant for adiabatic
  demagnetization cooling

abstract:
  Low-temperature refrigeration is of crucial importance in fundamental
research of condensed matter physics, as the investigations of fascinating
quantum phenomena, such as superconductivity, superfluidity and quantum
criticality, often require refrigeration down to very low temperatures.
Currently, cryogenic refrigerators with $^3$He gas are widely used for cooling
below 1 Kelvin. However, usage of the gas is being increasingly difficult due
to the current world-wide shortage. Therefore, it is important to consider
alternative methods of refrigeration. Here, we show that a new type of
refrigerant, super-heavy electron metal, YbCo$_2$Zn$_{20}$, can be used for
adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, which does not require 3He gas. A
number of advantages includes much better metallic thermal conductivity
compared to the conventional insulating refrigerants. We also demonstrate that
the cooling performance is optimized in Yb$_{1-x}$Sc$_x$Co$_2$Zn$_{20}$ by
partial Sc substitution with $x\sim$0.19. The substitution induces chemical
pressure which drives the materials close to a zero-field quantum critical
point. This leads to an additional enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in
low fields and low temperatures enabling final temperatures well below 100 mK.
Such performance has up to now been restricted to insulators. Since nearly a
century the same principle of using local magnetic moments has been applied for
adiabatic demagnetization cooling. This study opens new possibilities of using
itinerant magnetic moments for the cryogen-free refrigeration.


title:
Estimating a class of diffusions from discrete observations via
  approximate maximum likelihood method

abstract:
  An approximate maximum likelihood method of estimation of diffusion
parameters $(\vartheta,\sigma)$ based on discrete observations of a diffusion
$X$ along fixed time-interval $[0,T]$ and Euler approximation of integrals is
analyzed. We assume that $X$ satisfies a SDE of form $dX_t =\mu (X_t ,\vartheta
)\, dt+\sqrt{\sigma} b(X_t )\, dW_t$, with non-random initial condition. SDE is
nonlinear in $\vartheta$ generally. Based on assumption that maximum likelihood
estimator $\hat{\vartheta}_T$ of the drift parameter based on continuous
observation of a path over $[0,T]$ exists we prove that measurable estimator
$(\hat{\vartheta}_{n,T},\hat{\sigma}_{n,T})$ of the parameters obtained from
discrete observations of $X$ along $[0,T]$ by maximization of the approximate
log-likelihood function exists, $\hat{\sigma}_{n,T}$ being consistent and
asymptotically normal, and $\hat{\vartheta}_{n,T}-\hat{\vartheta}_T$ tends to
zero with rate $\sqrt{\delta}_{n,T}$ in probability when $\delta_{n,T}
=\max_{0\leq i<n}(t_{i+1}-t_i )$ tends to zero with $T$ fixed. The same holds
in case of an ergodic diffusion when $T$ goes to infinity in a way that
$T\delta_n$ goes to zero with equidistant sampling, and we applied these to
show consistency and asymptotical normality of $\hat{\vartheta}_{n,T}$,
$\hat{\sigma}_{n,T}$ and asymptotic efficiency of $\hat{\vartheta}_{n,T}$ in
this case.


title: Quantum Causal Graph Dynamics

abstract:
  Consider a graph having quantum systems lying at each node. Suppose that the
whole thing evolves in discrete time steps, according to a global, unitary
causal operator. By causal we mean that information can only propagate at a
bounded speed, with respect to the distance given by the graph. Suppose,
moreover, that the graph itself is subject to the evolution, and may be driven
to be in a quantum superposition of graphs---in accordance to the superposition
principle. We show that these unitary causal operators must decompose as a
finite-depth circuit of local unitary gates. This unifies a result on Quantum
Cellular Automata with another on Reversible Causal Graph Dynamics. Along the
way we formalize a notion of causality which is valid in the context of quantum
superpositions of time-varying graphs, and has a number of good properties.
Keywords: Quantum Lattice Gas Automata, Block-representation,
Curtis-Hedlund-Lyndon, No-signalling, Localizability, Quantum Gravity, Quantum
Graphity, Causal Dynamical Triangulations, Spin Networks, Dynamical networks,
Graph Rewriting.


title:
Local Density-of-States Mapping in Photonic Crystal Resonators by
  Deterministically Positioned Germanium Quantum Dots

abstract:
  We report on mapping of the local density of states in L3 photonic crystal
resonators (PCR) via deterministically positioned single Ge quantum dots (QDs).
Perfect site-control of Ge QDs on pre-patterned silicon-on-insulator substrates
was exploited to fabricate in one processing run almost 300 L3 PCRs containing
single QDs in systematically varying positions in the cavities. The alignment
precision of the QD emitters was better than 20 nm. This type of parallel
processing is essentially based on standard Si device technologies and is
therefore scalable to any number and configuration of PCR structures. As a
first demonstrator, we probed the coupling efficiency of a single Ge QD to the
L3 cavity modes as a function of their spatial overlap. The results are in very
good agreement with finite-difference time-domain simulations.


title:
Is it always windy somewhere? Occurrence of low-wind-power events over
  large areas

abstract:
  The incidence of widespread low-wind conditions is important to the
reliability and economics of electric grids with large amounts of wind power.
In order to investigate a future in which wind plants are geographically
widespread but interconnected, we examine how frequently low generation levels
occur for wind power aggregated from distant, weakly-correlated wind
generators. We simulate the wind power using anemometer data from nine
tall-tower sites spanning the contiguous United States. We find that the number
of low-power hours per year declines exponentially with the number of sites
being aggregated. Hours with power levels below 5% of total capacity, for
example, drop by a factor of about 60, from 2140 h/y for the median single site
to 36 h/y for the generation aggregated from all nine sites; the standard
deviations drops by a factor of 3. The systematic dependence of
generation-level probability distribution "tails" on both number and power
threshold is well described by the theory of Large Deviations. Combining this
theory for tail behavior with the normal distribution for behavior near the
mean allows us to estimate, without the use of any adjustable parameters, the
entire generation duration curve as a function of the number of essentially
independent sites in the array.


title:
Elastically-mediated interactions between grain boundaries and
  precipitates in two-phase coherent solids

abstract:
  We investigate analytically and numerically the interaction between grain
boundaries and second phase precipitates in two-phase coherent solids in the
presence of misfit strain. Our numerical study uses amplitude equations that
describe the interaction of composition and stress [R. Spatschek and A. Karma,
Phys. Rev. B {\bf 81}, 214201 (2010)] and free-energies corresponding to
two-dimensional hexagonal and three-dimensional BCC crystal structures that
exhibit isotropic and anisotropic elastic properties, respectively. We consider
two experimentally motivated geometries where (i) a lamellar precipitate
nucleates along a planar grain boundary that is centered inside the
precipitate, and (ii) a circular precipitate nucleates inside a grain at a
finite distance to an initially planar grain boundary. For the first geometry,
we find that the grain boundary becomes morphologically unstable due to the
combination of long-range elastic interaction between the grain boundary and
compositional domain boundaries, and shear-coupled grain boundary motion. We
characterize this instability analytically by extending the linear stability
analysis carried out recently [P.-A. Geslin, Y.-C. Xu, and A. Karma, Phys. Rev.
Lett. {\bf 114}, 105501 (2015)] to the more general case of elastic anisotropy.
The analysis predicts that elastic anisotropy hinders but does not suppress the
instability. Simulations also reveal that, in a well-developed non-linear
regime, this instability can lead to the break-up of low-angle grain boundaries
when the misfit strain exceeds a threshold that depends on the grain boundary
misorientation. For the second geometry, simulations show that the elastic
interaction between an initially planar grain boundary and an adjacent circular
precipitate causes the precipitate to migrate to and anchor at the grain
boundary.


title:
An $hp$-Adaptive Newton-Discontinuous-Galerkin Finite Element Approach
  for Semilinear Elliptic Boundary Value Problems

abstract:
  In this paper we develop an $hp$-adaptive procedure for the numerical
solution of general second-order semilinear elliptic boundary value problems,
with possible singular perturbation. Our approach combines both adaptive Newton
schemes and an $hp$-version adaptive discontinuous Galerkin finite element
discretisation, which, in turn, is based on a robust $hp$-version a posteriori
residual analysis. Numerical experiments underline the robustness and
reliability of the proposed approach for various examples.


title: On t-reductions of ideals in pullbacks

abstract:
  This paper investigates t-reductions of ideals in pullback constructions.
Section 2 examines the correlation between the notions of reduction and
t-reduction in pseudo-valuation domains. Section 3 solves an open problem on
whether the finite t-basic and v-basic ideal properties are distinct. We prove
that these two notions coincide in any arbitrary domain. Section 4 features the
main result, which establishes the transfer of the finite t-basic ideal
property to pullbacks in line with Fontana-Gabelli's result on PvMDs and
Gabelli-Houston's result on v-domains. This allows us to enrich the literature
with new families of examples, which put the class of domains subject to the
finite t-basic ideal property strictly between the two classes of v-domains and
integrally closed domains.


title:
Experiments on the DCASE Challenge 2016: Acoustic Scene Classification
  and Sound Event Detection in Real Life Recording

abstract:
  In this paper we present our work on Task 1 Acoustic Scene Classi- fication
and Task 3 Sound Event Detection in Real Life Recordings. Among our experiments
we have low-level and high-level features, classifier optimization and other
heuristics specific to each task. Our performance for both tasks improved the
baseline from DCASE: for Task 1 we achieved an overall accuracy of 78.9%
compared to the baseline of 72.6% and for Task 3 we achieved a Segment-Based
Error Rate of 0.76 compared to the baseline of 0.91.


title: Nonlinear behaviors of parity-time-symmetric lasers

abstract:
  We propose a time-dependent partial differential equation model to
investigate the dynamical behavior of the parity-time (PT) symmetric laser
during the nonlinear stage of its operation. This model incorporates physical
effects such as the refractive index distribution, dispersion, material loss,
nonlinear gain saturation and self-phase modulation. We show that when the loss
is weak, multiple stable steady states and time-periodic states of light exist
above the lasing threshold, rendering the laser multi-mode. However, when the
loss is strong, only a single stable steady state of broken PT symmetry exists
for a wide range of the gain amplitude, rendering the laser single-mode. These
results reveal the important role the loss plays in maintaining the single-mode
operation of PT lasers.


title:
A Statistical Method for Parking Spaces Occupancy Detection via
  Automotive Radars

abstract:
  Real-time parking occupancy information is valuable for guiding drivers'
searching for parking spaces. Recently many parking detection systems using
range-based on-vehicle sensors are invented, but they disregard the practical
difficulty of obtaining access to raw sensory data which are required for any
feature-based algorithm. In this paper, we focus on a system using short-range
radars (SRR) embedded in Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) to collect
occupancy information, and broadcast it through a connected vehicle network.
The challenge that the data transmitted through ADAS unit has been encoded to
sparse points is overcome by a statistical method instead of feature
extractions. We propose a two-step classification algorithm combining
Mean-Shift clustering and Support Vector Machine to analyze SRR-GPS data, and
evaluate it through field experiments. The results show that the average Type I
error rate for off-street parking is $15.23 \%$ and for on-street parking is
$32.62\%$. In both cased the Type II error rates are less than $20 \%$.
Bayesian updating can recursively improve the mapping results. This paper can
provide a comprehensive method to elevate automotive sensors for the parking
detection function.


title:
An initial study of the effect of pipelining in hiding HTTP/2.0 response
  sizes

abstract:
  HTTP response size is a well-known side channel attack. With the deployment
of HTTP/2.0, response size attacks are generally dismissed with the argument
that pipelining and response multiplexing prevent eavesdroppers from finding
out response sizes. Yet the extent to which pipelining and response
multiplexing actually hide HTTP response sizes has not been adequately
investigated. In this paper we set out to help understand the effect of
pipelining in hiding the size of web objects on the Internet. We conduct an
experiment that provides browser-side HTTP response sizes and network-captured
TLS record sizes and show how the model that we propose for estimating response
sizes from TLS record sizes improves response matching and attack performance.
In this process we gather evidence on how different implementations of HTTP/2.0
web servers generate different side- channel information and the limited amount
of pipelining and response multiplexing used on the Internet today.


title:
Setting the volatile composition of (exo)planet-building material. Does
  chemical evolution in disk midplanes matter?

abstract:
  [Abridged] Chemical evolution in the protoplanetary disk midplane can modify
the composition of ices and gases. We have investigated if and how chemical
evolution affects the abundances and distributions of key volatile species in
the midplane of a protoplanetary disk in the 0.2-30 AU range. A full chemical
network including gas-phase, gas-grain interactions and grain-surface chemistry
is used to evolve chemistry in time, for 1 Myr. Great diversity is observed in
the relative abundance ratios of the main considered species: H2O, CO, CO2,
CH4, O2, NH3 and N2. The choice of ionisation level, the choice of initial
abundances, as well as the extent of chemical reaction types included are all
factors that affect the chemical evolution. The only exception is the
inheritance scenario with a low ionisation level, which results in negligible
changes compared with the initial abundances, regardless of whether
grain-surface chemistry is included. The chemical processing changes the C/O
ratios for gas and ice significantly with radius and with model assumptions.
For high ionisation levels, chemical processing becomes significant after a few
times $10^{5}$~yrs. It is concluded that chemical evolution in the disk
midplane needs to be considered in the determination of the volatile
composition of planetesimals.


title:
Algorithmic and optimization aspects of Brascamp-Lieb inequalities, via
  Operator Scaling

abstract:
  The celebrated Brascamp-Lieb (BL) inequalities (and their extensions) are an
important mathematical tool, unifying and generalizing numerous inequalities in
analysis, convex geometry and information theory. While their structural theory
is very well understood, far less is known about computing their main
parameters.
  We give polynomial time algorithms to compute feasibility of BL-datum, the
optimal BL-constant and a weak separation oracle for the BL-polytope. The same
result holds for the so-called Reverse BL inequalities of Barthe. The best
known algorithms for any of these tasks required at least exponential time.
  The algorithms are obtained by a simple efficient reduction of a given
BL-datum to an instance of the Operator Scaling problem defined by Gurvits, for
which the present authors have provided a polynomial time algorithm. This
reduction implies algorithmic versions of many of the known structural results,
and in some cases provide proofs that are different or simpler than existing
ones.
  Of particular interest is the fact that the operator scaling algorithm is
continuous in its input. Thus as a simple corollary of our reduction we obtain
explicit bounds on the magnitude and continuity of the BL-constant in terms of
the BL-data. To the best of our knowledge no such bounds were known, as past
arguments relied on compactness. The continuity of BL-constants is important
for developing non-linear BL inequalities that have recently found so many
applications.


title: Tighter Uncertainty and Reverse Uncertainty Relations

abstract:
  We prove a few novel state-dependent uncertainty relations for product as
well the sum of variances of two incompatible observables. These uncertainty
relations are shown to be tighter than the Roberson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty
relation and other ones existing in the current literature. Also, we derive
state dependent upper bound to the sum and the product of variances using the
reverse Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and the Dunkl-Williams inequality. Our
results suggest that not only we cannot prepare quantum states for which two
incompatible observables can have sharp values, but also we have both, lower
and upper limits on the variances of quantum mechanical observables at a
fundamental level.


title: Superconducting nanowire detector jitters limited by detector geometry

abstract:
  Detection jitter quantifies variance introduced by the detector in the
determination of photon arrival time. It is a crucial performance parameter for
systems using superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). In
this work, we have demonstrated that the detection timing jitter is limited in
part by the spatial variation of photon detection events along the length of
the wire. This distribution causes the generated electrical pulses to arrive at
the readout at varied times. We define this jitter source as geometric jitter
since it is related to the length and area of the SNSPD. To characterize the
geometric jitter, we have constructed a novel differential cryogenic readout
with less than 7 ps of electronic jitter that can amplify the pulses generated
from the two ends of an SNSPD. By differencing the measured arrival times of
the two electrical pulses, we were able to partially cancel out the difference
of the propagation times and thus reduce the uncertainty of the photon arrival
time. Our experimental data indicates that the variation of the differential
propagation time was a few ps for a 3 {\mu}m x 3 {\mu}m device while it
increased up to 50 ps for a 20 {\mu}m x 20 {\mu}m device. In a 20 {\mu}m x 20
{\mu}m large SNSPD, we achieved a 20% reduction in the overall detection timing
jitter for detecting telecom-wavelength photons by using the differential
cryogenic readout. The geometric jitter hypothesis was further confirmed by
studying jitter in devices that consisted of long wires with 1-{\mu}m-long
narrowed regions used for sensing photons.


title: Model theory of finite and pseudofinite groups

abstract:
  This is a survey, intended both for group theorists and model theorists,
concerning the structure of pseudofinite groups, that is, infinite models of
the first order theory of finite groups. The focus is on concepts from
stability theory and generalisations in the context of pseudofinite groups, and
on the information this might provide for finite group theory.


title:
Comparison between quantum jumps and master equation in the presence of
  a finite environment

abstract:
  We study the equivalence between the recently proposed finite environment
quantum jump model and a master equation approach. We derive microscopically
the master equation for a qubit coupled to a finite bosonic environment and
show that the master equation is equivalent with the finite environment quantum
jump model. We analytically show that both the methods produce the same moments
of work when the work is defined through the two-measurement protocol excluding
the interaction energy. However, when compared to the work moments computed
using the power operator approach, we find a difference in the form of the work
moments. To numerically verify our results, we study a qubit coupled to an
environment consisting of ten two-level systems.


title: Quantitative analysis of boundary layers in periodic homogenization

abstract:
  We prove quantitative estimates on the rate of convergence for the
oscillating Dirichlet problem in periodic homogenization of divergence-form
uniformly elliptic systems. The estimates are optimal in dimensions larger than
three and new in every dimension. We also prove a regularity estimate on the
homogenized boundary condition.


title:
On convergence of exterior solutions to radial Cauchy solutions for
  $\square_{1+3}U=0$

abstract:
  Consider the Cauchy problem for the 3-d linear wave equation
$\square_{1+3}U=0$ with radial initial data $U(0,x)=\Phi(x)=\phi(|x|)$,
$U_t(0,x)=\Psi(x)=\psi(|x|)$. A standard result gives that $U$ belongs to
$C([0,T];H^s(\mathbb{R}^3))$ whenever $(\Phi,\Psi)\in H^s\times
H^{s-1}(\mathbb{R}^3)$. In this note we are interested in the question of how
$U$ can be realized as a limit of solutions to initial-boundary value problems
on the exterior of vanishing balls $B_\varepsilon$ about the origin. We note
that, as the solutions we compare are defined on different domains, the answer
is not an immediate consequence of $H^s$ well-posedness for the wave equation.
  We show how explicit solution formulae yield convergence and optimal
regularity for the Cauchy solution via exterior solutions, when the latter are
extended continuously as constants on $B_\varepsilon$ at each time. We
establish that for $s=2$ the solution $U$ can be realized as an $H^2$-limit
(uniformly in time) of exterior solutions on $\mathbb{R}^3\setminus
B_\varepsilon$ satisfying vanishing Neumann conditions along $|x|=\varepsilon$,
as $\varepsilon\downarrow 0$. Similarly for $s=1$: $U$ is then an $H^1$-limit
of exterior solutions satisfying vanishing Dirichlet conditions along
$|x|=\varepsilon$.


title: Hadwiger's conjecture for graphs with forbidden holes

abstract:
  Given a graph $G$, the Hadwiger number of $G$, denoted by $h(G)$, is the
largest integer $k$ such that $G$ contains the complete graph $K_k$ as a minor.
A hole in $G$ is an induced cycle of length at least four. Hadwiger's
Conjecture from 1943 states that for every graph $G$, $h(G)\ge \chi(G)$, where
$\chi(G)$ denotes the chromatic number of $G$. In this paper we establish more
evidence for Hadwiger's conjecture by showing that if a graph $G$ with
independence number $\alpha(G)\ge3$ has no hole of length between $4$ and
$2\alpha(G)-1$, then $h(G)\ge\chi(G)$. We also prove that if a graph $G$ with
independence number $\alpha(G)\ge2$ has no hole of length between $4$ and
$2\alpha(G)$, then $G$ contains an odd clique minor of size $\chi(G)$, that is,
such a graph $G$ satisfies the odd Hadwiger's conjecture.


title:
Limit on Lorentz-Invariance- and CPT-Violating Neutron Spin Interactions
  Using a $^3$He-$^{129}$Xe Comagnetometer

abstract:
  We performed a search for a Lorentz-invariance- and CPT-violating coupling of
the $^3$He and $^{129}$Xe nuclear spins to posited background fields. Our
experimental approach is to measure the free precession of nuclear spin
polarized $^3$He and $^{129}$Xe atoms using SQUID detectors. As the laboratory
reference frame rotates with respect to distant stars, we look for a sidereal
modulation of the Larmor frequencies of the co-located spin samples. As a
result we obtain an upper limit on the equatorial component of the background
field $\tilde{b}^n_{\bot}< 8.4 \cdot 10^{-34}$ GeV (68\% C.L.). Furthermore,
this technique was modified to search for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of
$^{129}$Xe.


title:
Perspective: Melanoma diagnosis and monitoring: Sunrise for melanoma
  therapy but early detection remains in the shade

abstract:
  Melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of cancer. The five-year survival
rate is 98% if it is detected early. However, this rate plummets to 63% for
regional disease and 17% when tumors have metastasized, that is, spread to
distant sites. Furthermore, the incidence of melanoma has been rising by about
3% per year, whereas the incidence of cancers that are more common is
decreasing. A handful of targeted therapies have recently become available that
have finally shown real promise for treatment, but for reasons that remain
unclear only a fraction of patients respond long term. These drugs often
increase survival by only a few months in metastatic patient groups before
relapse occurs. More effective treatment may be possible if a diagnosis can be
made when the tumor burden is still low. Here, an overview of the current
state-of-the-art is provided along with an argument for newer technologies
towards early point-of-care diagnosis of melanoma.


title:
Participation and Privacy perception in virtual environments: the role
  of sense of community, culture and sex between Italian and Turkish

abstract:
  Advancements in information and communication technologies have enhanced our
possibilities to communicate worldwide, eliminating borders and making it
possible to interact with people coming from other cultures like never happened
before. Such powerful tools have brought us to reconsider our concept of
privacy and social involvement in order to make them fit into this wider
environment. It is possible to claim that the ICT revolution is changing our
world and is having a core role as a mediating factor for social movements
(e.g., Arab spring) and political decisions (e.g., Brexit), shaping the world
in a faster and shared brand new way. It is then interesting to explore how the
perception of this brand new environment (in terms of social engagement,
privacy perception and sense of belonging to a community) differs even in
similar cultures separated by recent historical reasons, as for example in
Italian and Turkish cultures.


title:
Complementary Speckle Patterns : deterministic interchange of intrinsic
  vortices and maxima through Scattering Media

abstract:
  Intensity minima and maxima of speckle patterns obtained behind a diffuser
are experimentally interchanged by applying a spiral phase delay of charge $\pm
1$ to the impinging coherent beam. This transform arises from the intuitive
expectation that a tightly focused beam is so-changed into a vortex beam and
vice-versa. The statistics of extrema locations and the intensity distribution
of the so-generated "complementary" patterns are characterized by numerical
simulations. It is demonstrated experimentally that the incoherent
superposition of the three "complementary speckle patterns" yield a synthetic
speckle grain size enlarged by a factor $\sqrt{3}$. A cyclic permutation of
optical vortices and maxima is unexpectedly observed and discussed.


title:
Spin and spatial dynamics in electron-impact scattering off S-wave He
  using R-matrix with Time-Dependence theory

abstract:
  R-matrix with time-dependence theory is applied to electron-impact ionisation
processes for He in the S-wave model. Cross sections for electron-impact
excitation, ionisation and ionisation with excitation for impact energies
between 25 and 225 eV are in excellent agreement with benchmark cross sections.
Ultra-fast dynamics induced by a scattering event is observed through
time-dependent signatures associated with autoionisation from doubly excited
states. Further insight into dynamics can be obtained through examination of
the spin components of the time-dependent wavefunction.


title:
A Unified Perspective of Complex Band Structure: Interpretations,
  Formulations, and Applications

abstract:
  Complex band structure generalizes conventional band structure by also
considering wavevectors with complex components. In this way, complex band
structure describes both the bulk-propagating states from conventional band
structure and the evanescent states that grow or decay from one unit cell to
the next. Even though these latter states are excluded by translational
symmetry, they become important when translational symmetry is broken via, for
example, a surface or impurity.
  Many studies over the last 80 years have directly or indirectly developed
complex band structure for an impressive range of applications, but very few
discuss its fundamentals or compare its various results. In this work we build
upon these previous efforts to expose the physical foundation of complex band
structure, which mathematically implies the existence of complex band
structure. We find that a material's static and dynamic electronic structure
are both completely described by complex band structure. Furthermore, we show
that complex band structure reflects the minimal, intrinsic information
contained in the material's Hamiltonian. These realizations then provide a
context for discussing, comparing, and unifying the different formulations and
applications of complex band structure that have been developed over the years.
Ultimately, this discussion introduces the idea of examining the amount of
information contained in a material's Hamiltonian so that we can find and
exploit the minimal information necessary for understanding a material's
properties.


title: Reductionism and the Universal Calculus

abstract:
  In the seminal essay, "On the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in
the physical sciences," physicist Eugene Wigner poses a fundamental
philosophical question concerning the relationship between a physical system
and our capacity to model its behavior with the symbolic language of
mathematics. In this essay, I examine an ambitious 16th and 17th-century
intellectual agenda from the perspective of Wigner's question, namely, what
historian Paolo Rossi calls "the quest to create a universal language." While
many elite thinkers pursued related ideas, the most inspiring and forceful was
Gottfried Leibniz's effort to create a "universal calculus," a pictorial
language which would transparently represent the entirety of human knowledge,
as well as an associated symbolic calculus with which to model the behavior of
physical systems and derive new truths. I suggest that a deeper understanding
of why the efforts of Leibniz and others failed could shed light on Wigner's
original question. I argue that the notion of reductionism is crucial to
characterizing the failure of Leibniz's agenda, but that a decisive argument
for the why the promises of this effort did not materialize is still lacking.


title: Simple inflationary quintessential model II: Power law potentials

abstract:
  The present work is a sequel of our previous work Phys.Rev.D { 93}, 084018
(2016) [arXiv:1601.08175 [gr-qc]] cite{hap} which depicted a simple version of
an inflationary quintessential model whose inflationary stage was described by
a Higgs type potential and the quintessential phase was responsible due to an
exponential potential. Additionally, the model predicted a nonsingular universe
in past which was geodesically past incomplete. Further, it was also found that
the model is in agreement with the Planck 2013 data when running is allowed.
But, this model was found to be unsuccessful with Planck 2015 data with or
without running. However, in this sequel we propose a family of models runs by
a single parameter $alpha in [0, 1]$ which proposes another "inflationary
quintessential model" where the inflation and the quintessence regimes are
respectively described by a power law potential and a cosmological constant.
The model is also nonsingular although geodesically past incomplete as in the
cited model. However, the present one is found to be more simple in compared to
the previous model and it is in excellent agreement with the observational
data. We note that unlike the previous model which matched only with Planck
2013 data in presence of running, a large number of the models of this family
with $alpha in [0,1/2)$ matches with both Planck 2013 and Planck 2015 data
whether the running is allowed or not. Thus, the properties in the current
family of models in compared to its past companion justify its need for a
better cosmological model with the successive improvement of the observational
data.1


title:
Singularity-free Next-to-leading Order $\Delta S= 1$ Renormalization
  Group Evolution and $\epsilon_{K}^{\prime}/\epsilon_{K}$ in the Standard
  Model and Beyond

abstract:
  The standard analytic solution of the renormalization group (RG) evolution
for the $\Delta S = 1$ Wilson coefficients involves several singularities,
which complicate analytic solutions. In this paper we derive a singularity-free
solution of the next-to-leading order (NLO) RG equations, which greatly
facilitates the calculation of $\epsilon_K^{\prime}$, the measure of direct
$CP$ violation in $K\to \pi\pi$ decays. Using our new RG evolution and the
latest lattice results for the hadronic matrix elements, we calculate the ratio
$\epsilon_{K}^{\prime}/\epsilon_{K}$ (with $\epsilon_{K}$ quantifying indirect
$CP$ violation) in the Standard Model (SM) at NLO to
$\epsilon_{K}^{\prime}/\epsilon_{K} = (1.06 \pm 5.07) \times 10^{-4} $, which
is $2.8\,\sigma$ below the experimental value. We also present the evolution
matrix in the high-energy regime for calculations of new physics contributions
and derive easy-to-use approximate formulae. We find that the RG amplification
of new-physics contributions to Wilson coefficients of the electroweak penguin
operators is further enhanced by the NLO corrections: If the new contribution
is generated at the scale of 1-10 TeV, the RG evolution between the new-physics
scale and the electroweak scale enhances these coefficients by 50-100 %. Our
solution contains a term of order $\alpha_{EM}^2/\alpha_s^2$, which is
numerically unimportant for the SM case but should be included in studies of
high-scale new-physics.


title:
Inhomogeneous microlocal propagation of singularities in Fourier
  Lebesgue spaces

abstract:
  Some results of microlocal continuity for pseudodifferential operators whose
non regular symbols belong to weighted Fourier Lebesgue spaces are given.
Inhomogeneous local and microlocal propagation of singularities of Fourier
Lebesgue type are then studied, with applications to some classes of semilinear
equations.


title: The Hydrogen Atom and the Equivalent Form of Levy-Leblond Equation

abstract:
  We discuss the equivalent form of Levy-Leblond equation [1, 2] such that the
nilpotent matrices are two dimensional. We show that this equation can be
obtained in the non-relativistic limit of the (2+1) dimensional Dirac equation.
Furthermore, we analyze the case with four dimensional matrices and propose a
Hamiltonian for the equation in (3+1) dimensions and solve it for a Coulomb
potential. We show that the quantized energy levels for the hydrogen atom are
obtained and the result is consistent with non-relativistic quantum mechanics.


title:
Generalized continuity equations from two-field Schr\"odinger
  Lagrangians

abstract:
  A variational scheme for the derivation of generalized, symmetry-induced
continuity equations for Hermitian and non-Hermitian quantum mechanical systems
is developed. We introduce a Lagrangian which involves two complex wave fields
and whose global invariance under dilation and phase variations leads to a
mixed continuity equation for the two fields. In combination with discrete
spatial symmetries of the underlying Hamiltonian, the mixed continuity equation
is shown to produce bilocal conservation laws for a single field. This leads to
generalized conserved charges for vanishing boundary currents, and to
divergenceless bilocal currents for stationary states. The formalism reproduces
the bilocal continuity equation obtained in the special case of $\mathcal{PT}$
symmetric quantum mechanics and paraxial optics.


title:
General solution to nonlinear optical quantum graphs using
  Dalgarno-Lewis summation techniques

abstract:
  We develop an algorithm to apply the Dalgarno-Lewis (DL) perturbation theory
to quantum graphs with multiple, connected edges. We use it to calculate the
nonlinear optical hyperpolarizability tensors for graphs and show that it
replicates the sum over states computations, but executes ten to fifty times
faster. DL requires only knowledge of the ground state of the graph,
eliminating the requirement to determine all possible degeneracies of a complex
network. The algorithm is general and may be applied to any quantum graph.


title: Spatio-temporal wavefront shaping in a microwave cavity

abstract:
  Controlling waves in complex media has become a major topic of interest,
notably through the concepts of time reversal and wavefront shaping. Recently,
it was shown that spatial light modulators can counter-intuitively focus waves
both in space and time through multiple scattering media when illuminated with
optical pulses. In this letter we transpose the concept to a microwave cavity
using flat arrays of electronically tunable resonators. We prove that
maximizing the Green's function between two antennas at a chosen time yields
diffraction limited spatio-temporal focusing. Then, changing the photons' dwell
time inside the cavity, we modify the relative distribution of the spatial and
temporal degrees of freedom (DoF), and we demonstrate that it has no impact on
the field enhancement: wavefront shaping makes use of all available DoF,
irrespective of their spatial or temporal nature. Our results prove that
wavefront shaping using simple electronically reconfigurable arrays of
reflectors is a viable approach to the spatio-temporal control of microwaves,
with potential applications in medical imaging, therapy, telecommunications,
radar or sensing. They also offer new fundamental insights regarding the
coupling of spatial and temporal DoF in complex media.


title:
Convergence and qualitative properties of modified explicit schemes for
  BSDEs with polynomial growth

abstract:
  The theory of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDEs)
paves a way to probabilistic numerical methods for nonlinear parabolic PDEs.
The majority of the results on the numerical methods for FBSDEs relies on the
global Lipschitz assumption, which is not satisfied for a number of important
cases such as the Fisher--KPP or the FitzHugh--Nagumo equations. Furthermore,
it has been shown in \cite{LionnetReisSzpruch2015} that for BSDEs with monotone
drivers having polynomial growth in the primary variable $y$, only the
(sufficiently) implicit schemes converge. But these require an additional
computational effort compared to explicit schemes.
  This article develops a general framework that allows the analysis, in a
systematic fashion, of the integrability properties, convergence and
qualitative properties (e.g.~comparison theorem) for whole families of modified
explicit schemes. The framework yields the convergence of some modified
explicit scheme with the same rate as implicit schemes and with the
computational cost of the standard explicit scheme.
  To illustrate our theory, we present several classes of easily implementable
modified explicit schemes that can computationally outperform the implicit one
and preserve the qualitative properties of the solution to the BSDE. These
classes fit into our developed framework and are tested in computational
experiments.


title:
Hidden Mott transition and large-$U$ superconductivity in the
  two-dimensional Hubbard model

abstract:
  We consider the one-band Hubbard model on the square lattice by using
variational and Green's function Monte Carlo methods, where the variational
states contain Jastrow and backflow correlations on top of an uncorrelated wave
function that includes BCS pairing and magnetic order. At half filling, where
the ground state is antiferromagnetically ordered for any value of the on-site
interaction $U$, we can identify a hidden critical point $U_{\rm Mott}$, above
which a finite BCS pairing is stabilized in the wave function. The existence of
this point is reminiscent of the Mott transition in the paramagnetic sector and
determines a separation between a Slater insulator (at small values of $U$),
where magnetism induces a potential energy gain, and a Mott insulator (at large
values of $U$), where magnetic correlations drive a kinetic energy gain. Most
importantly, the existence of $U_{\rm Mott}$ has crucial consequences when
doping the system: We observe a tendency to phase separation into a hole-rich
and a hole-poor region only when doping the Slater insulator, while the system
is uniform by doping the Mott insulator. Superconducting correlations are
clearly observed above $U_{\rm Mott}$, leading to the characteristic dome
structure in doping. Furthermore, we show that the energy gain due to the
presence of a finite BCS pairing above $U_{\rm Mott}$ shifts from the potential
to the kinetic sector by increasing the value of the Coulomb repulsion.


title: Method to detect gravitational waves from an ensemble of known pulsars

abstract:
  Combining information from weak sources, such as known pulsars, for
gravitational wave detection, is an attractive approach to improve detection
efficiency. We propose an optimal statistic for a general ensemble of signals
and apply it to an ensemble of known pulsars. Our method combines $\mathcal
F$-statistic values from individual pulsars using weights proportional to each
pulsar's expected optimal signal-to-noise ratio to improve the detection
efficiency. We also point out that to detect at least one pulsar within an
ensemble, different thresholds should be designed for each source based on the
expected signal strength. The performance of our proposed detection statistic
is demonstrated using simulated sources, with the assumption that all pulsars'
ellipticities belong to a common (yet unknown) distribution. Comparing with an
equal-weight strategy and with individual source approaches, we show that the
weighted-combination of all known pulsars, where weights are assigned based on
the pulsars' known information, such as sky location, frequency and distance,
as well as the detector sensitivity, always provides a more sensitive detection
statistic.


title:
A method for fabricating a micro-structured surface of polyimide with
  open and closed pores

abstract:
  A new approach for fabricating open and closed porous structures based on
laser processing is presented. Liquid polyimide (PI) was mixed with
azodicarbonamide (ADC, ADA) which is a chemical blowing agent (CBA) and mixture
was pre-cured in order to fabricate solid PI film. Porous PI was prepared by
irradiating PI film mixed with azodicarbonamide. The PI film with
azodicarbonamide was etched by laser ablation, and the CBA was decomposed by
heat induced by the absorbed laser energy. The higher the laser beam
irradiation, the more pores were fabricated due to the resulting increase in
CBA decomposition from 27 mJ/cm2 to 40 mJ/cm2 per single pulse. Higher fluence
at about 50 mJ/cm2 resulted in fewer and larger open pores, which were formed
by the coalescence of small pores. In contrast, a closed porous structure was
fabricated at a fluence of less than 1 mJ/cm2 because PI was barely etched. The
proposed method can be sued to create open and closed micro porous structures
selectively, and is not limited to thermosetting polymers, but is also
effective with thermoplastic polymers.


title:
Cauchy transforms arising from homomorphic conditional expectations
  parametrize free Pick functions but those arising from conditional
  expectations do not

abstract:
  Nevanlinna showed that Cauchy transforms of probability measures parametrize
all functions from the upper half plane into itself satisfying a certain
asymptotic condition at infinity. We show that the correspondence fails in
general for the unbounded case for somewhat trivial reasons; however, we show
that in a setting of "homomorphic" operator valued free probability that Cauchy
transforms of homomorphic conditional expectations parametrize free Pick
functions.


title: Lattice operators for scattering of particles with spin

abstract:
  We construct operators for simulating the scattering of two hadrons with spin
on the lattice. Three methods are shown to give the consistent operators for
PN, PV, VN and NN scattering, where P, V and N denote pseudoscalar, vector and
nucleon. Explicit expressions for operators are given for all irreducible
representations at lowest two relative momenta. Each hadron has a good helicity
in the first method. The hadrons are in a certain partial wave L with total
spin S in the second method. These enable the physics interpretations of the
operators obtained from the general projection method. The correct
transformation properties of the operators in all three methods are proven. The
total momentum of two hadrons is restricted to zero since parity is a good
quantum number in this case.


title:
Exact steady state of a Kerr resonator with one- and two-photon driving
  and dissipation: Controllable Wigner-function multimodality and dissipative
  phase transitions

abstract:
  We present exact results for the steady-state density matrix of a general
class of driven-dissipative systems consisting of a nonlinear Kerr resonator in
the presence of both coherent (one-photon) and parametric (two-photon) driving
and dissipation. Thanks to the analytical solution, obtained via the complex
P-representation formalism, we are able to explore any regime, including photon
blockade, multiphoton resonant effects, and a mesoscopic regime with large
photon density and quantum correlations. We show how the interplay between one-
and two-photon driving provides a way to control the multimodality of the
Wigner function in regimes where the semiclassical theory exhibits
multistability. We also study the emergence of dissipative phase transitions in
the thermodynamic limit of large photon numbers.


title:
Gender Differences in Communication Behaviors, Spatial Proximity
  Patterns, and Mobility Habits

abstract:
  The existence of gender differences in the structure and composition of
social networks is a well established finding in the social and behavioral
sciences, but researchers continue to debate whether structural, dispositional,
or life course factors are the primary driver of these differences. In this
paper we extend work on gender differences in social networks to patterns of
interaction, propinquity, and connectivity captured via a social sensing
platform comprised of an ensemble of individuals' phone calls, text messaging,
face-to-face interactions, and traces of their mobility activities. We attempt
to isolate dispositional from other factors by focusing on a relatively
homogeneous population on a relatively closed setting at the same stage in the
life course. Analysis across three different networks along with mobility data
reveals systematic gender differences in terms of communicative,
distributional, mobility, and spatial proximity tendencies. Most importantly,
some patterns observed in the communication network (e.g. stronger same-gender
preference for women) are found to be reversed in the spatial proximity
context, with men displaying a greater tendency to spend time in a narrower
(and thus more predictable) range of spaces with same-gender peers than women.
These findings provide robust and novel evidence for the powerful effect of
gender in structuring behavior across a wide range of communication and
mobility behaviors, validating and extending recent work pointing to
differences of socio-cultural and evolutionary origin in the styles of
sociability and interaction characteristic of men and women.


title: Neutrino mass from M Theory SO(10)

abstract:
  We study the origin of neutrino mass from $SO(10)$ arising from $M$ Theory
compactified on a $G_2$-manifold. This is linked to the problem of the breaking
of the extra $U(1)$ gauge group, in the $SU(5)\times U(1)$ subgroup of
$SO(10)$, which we show can achieved via a (generalised) Kolda-Martin
mechanism. The resulting neutrino masses arise from a combination of the seesaw
mechanism and induced R-parity breaking contributions. The rather complicated
neutrino mass matrix is analysed for one neutrino family and it is shown how
phenomenologically acceptable neutrino masses can emerge.


title: Using CIPSI nodes in diffusion Monte Carlo

abstract:
  Several aspects of the recently proposed DMC-CIPSI approach consisting in
using selected Configuration Interaction (SCI) approaches such as CIPSI
(Configuration Interaction using a Perturbative Selection done Iteratively) to
build accurate nodes for diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations are presented
and discussed. The main ideas are illustrated with a number of calculations for
diatomics molecules and for the benchmark G1 set.


title:
Anisotropic collisions of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates in the
  universal regime

abstract:
  We report the measurement of collisions between two Bose-Einstein condensates
with strong dipolar interactions. The collision velocity is significantly
larger than the internal velocity distribution widths of the individual
condensates, and thus, with the condensates being sufficiently dilute, a halo
corresponding to the two-body differential scattering cross section is
observed. The results demonstrate a novel regime of quantum scattering,
relevant to dipolar interactions, in which a large number of angular momentum
states become coupled during the collision. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations
to provide a detailed comparison between theoretical two-body cross sections
and the experimental observations.


title: Pull-back components of the space of foliations of codimension $\ge2$

abstract:
  We present a new list of irreducible components for the space of
k-dimensional holomorphic foliations on $\mathbb P^{n}$, $n\geq3$, $k\ge2$.
They are associated to pull-back of dimension one foliations on $\mathbb
P^{n-k+1}$ by non-linear rational maps.


title:
Indentation of Coatings at micro/nano scale: Crack formation and
  deflection

abstract:
  Nanoindentation is an effective way of finding mechanical properties at
nanoscale. They are especially useful for thin films where elimination of the
substrate effect is required. The mechanism is based upon depth sensing
indentation based on Oliver and Pharr modeling. Nanoindentation was used to
evaluate the nanomechanical and fractographic properties of hard coatings
deposited by magnetron sputtering. Radial and lateral cracks accompanied by
delamination of the coatings were observed during the indentation tests. A
novel phenomenon of stress induced crystallization was observed in case of the
CNx films which resulted in crack deflection. Indentations at micro scale using
Vickers Indenter were also done and the cracking phenomena were analyzed.


title: CP violation in the B system

abstract:
  The phenomenon of CP violation is crucial to understand the asymmetry between
matter and antimatter that exists in the Universe. Dramatic experimental
progress has been made, in particular in measurements of the behaviour of
particles containing the b quark, where CP violation effects are predicted by
the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism that is embedded in the Standard Model. The
status of these measurements and future prospects for an understanding of CP
violation beyond the Standard Model are reviewed.


title: ON {\lambda}-Commuting Operators

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the operator equation $AB=\lambda BA$ for a bounded
operator $A,B$ on a complex Hilbert space. We focus on algebraic relations
between different operators that include normal, $M$-hyponormal, quasi
$*$-paranormal and other classes.


title: Fractional stochastic differential equation with discontinuous diffusion

abstract:
  In this paper we study a stochastic differential equation driven by a
fractional Brownian motion with a discontinuous coefficient. We also give an
approximation to the solution of the equation. This is a first step to define a
fractional version of the skew Brownian motion.


title:
Spatiotemporal Characterization of Supercontinuum Extending from the
  Visible to the Mid-Infrared in Multimode Graded-Index Optical Fiber

abstract:
  We experimentally demonstrate that pumping a graded-index multimode fiber
with sub-ns pulses from a microchip Nd:YAG laser leads to spectrally flat
supercontinuum generation with a uniform bell-shaped spatial beam profile
extending from the visible to the mid-infrared at 2500\,nm. We study the
development of the supercontinuum along the multimode fiber by the cut-back
method, which permits us to analyze the competition between the Kerr-induced
geometric parametric instability and stimulated Raman scattering. We also
performed a spectrally resolved temporal analysis of the supercontinuum
emission.


title: Analysis of the Entanglement with Centers

abstract:
  We begin from the quantization algebras and constraint for analyzing the
choice of centers in the first-order formulation without losing generality.
Then we calculate the entanglement entropy in the non-interacting $p$-form
theory in $2p+2$ dimensional Euclidean flat background with an $S^{2p}$
entangling surface. The universal term of the entanglement entropy in the
non-interacting $p$-form theory is determined in terms of the universal terms
of the non-interacting zero-form theory. We also prove the strong subadditivity
in the non-interacting theory with the non-trivial centers. Finally, we
calculate the mutual information with centers in two-dimensional conformal
field theory. The result shows that the mutual information is independent of
the choice of centers.


title: Edge Coloring with Minimum Reload/Changeover Costs

abstract:
  In an edge-colored graph, a traversal cost occurs at a vertex along a path
when consecutive edges with different colors are traversed. The value of the
traversal cost depends only on the colors of the traversed edges. This concept
leads to two global cost measures, namely the \emph{reload cost} and the
\emph{changeover cost}, that have been studied in the literature and have
various applications in telecommunications, transportation networks, and energy
distribution networks. Previous work focused on problems with an edge-colored
graph being part of the input. In this paper, we formulate and focus on two
pairs of problems that aim to find an edge coloring of a graph so as to
minimize the reload and changeover costs. The first pair of problems aims to
find a proper edge coloring so that the reload/changeover cost of a set of
paths is minimized. The second pair of problems aim to find a proper edge
coloring and a spanning tree so that the reload/changeover cost is minimized.
We present several hardness results as well as polynomial-time solvable special
cases.


title: Collisionality scaling of the electron heat flux in ETG turbulence

abstract:
  In electrostatic simulations of MAST plasma at electron-gyroradius scales,
using the local flux-tube gyrokinetic code GS2 with adiabatic ions, we find
that the long-time saturated electron heat flux (the level most relevant to
energy transport) decreases as the electron collisionality decreases. At early
simulation times, the heat flux "quasi-saturates" without any strong dependence
on collisionality, and with the turbulence dominated by streamer-like radially
elongated structures. However, the zonal fluctuation component continues to
grow slowly until much later times, eventually leading to a new saturated state
dominated by zonal modes and with the heat flux proportional to the collision
rate, in approximate agreement with the experimentally observed collisionality
scaling of the energy confinement in MAST. We outline an explanation of this
effect based on a model of ETG turbulence dominated by zonal-nonzonal
interactions and on an analytically derived scaling of the zonal-mode damping
rate with the electron-ion collisionality. Improved energy confinement with
decreasing collisionality is favourable towards the performance of future,
hotter devices.


title:
Stimulated scattering in strongly coupled nanolasers induced by Rabi
  oscillations

abstract:
  Two coupled-cavity systems, or "photonic dimers", are efficient test-beds for
both fundamental optics -the realization of quantum correlated states,
Josephson physics, and so forth-, and applications such as optical flip-flop
memories. In this work we report on the first observation of nonlinear mode
interaction in a photonic dimer formed by two semiconductor photonic crystal
coupled nanolasers. For this, we investigate energy transfer between hybrid
modes, which manifests as a switching from the blue-detuned (bonding) to the
red-detuned (anti-bonding) modes. An mean-field model allows us to explain this
phenomenon as stimulated scattering due to carrier population oscillations in
the cavities at the Rabi frequency. Such asymmetrical mode interaction is
universal in semiconductor laser photonic molecules, and unveils the origin of
cross-correlation dips in the statistics of mode fluctuations.


title:
A node-wise analysis of the uterine muscle networks for pregnancy
  monitoring

abstract:
  The recent past years have seen a noticeable increase of interest in the
correlation analysis of electrohysterographic (EHG) signals in the perspective
of improving the pregnancy monitoring. Here we propose a new approach based on
the functional connectivity between multichannel (4x4 matrix) EHG signals
recorded from the women abdomen. The proposed pipeline includes i) the
computation of the statistical couplings between the multichannel EHG signals,
ii) the characterization of the connectivity matrices, computed by using the
imaginary part of the coherence, based on the graph-theory analysis and iii)
the use of these measures for pregnancy monitoring. The method was evaluated on
a dataset of EHGs, in order to track the correlation between EHGs collected by
each electrode of the matrix (called node-wise analysis) and follow their
evolution along weeks before labor. Results showed that the strength of each
node significantly increases from pregnancy to labor. Electrodes located on the
median vertical axis of the uterus seemed to be the more discriminant. We
speculate that the network-based analysis can be a very promising tool to
improve pregnancy monitoring.


title:
New Constraints on the Molecular Gas in the Prototypical HyLIRGs
  BRI1202-0725 & BRI1335-0417

abstract:
  We present Karl G Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of CO(2-1) line
emission and rest-frame 250GHz continuum emission of the Hyper-Luminous IR
Galaxies (HyLIRGs) BRI1202-0725 (z=4.69) and BRI1335-0417 (z=4.41), with an
angular resolution as high as 0.15". Our low order CO observations delineate
the cool molecular gas, the fuel for star formation in the systems, in
unprecedented detail. For BRI1202-0725, line emission is seen from both extreme
starburst galaxies: the quasar host and the optically obscured submm galaxy
(SMG), in addition to one of the Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies in the group.
Line emission from the SMG shows an east-west extension of about 0.6". For
Lyalpha-2, the CO emission is detected at the same velocity as [CII] and [NII],
indicating a total gas mass ~4.0*10^10 solar masses. The CO emission from
BRI1335-0417 peaks at the nominal quasar position, with a prominent northern
extension (~1", a possible tidal feature). The gas depletion timescales are
~10^7 years for the three HyLIRGs, consistent with extreme starbursts, while
that of Lyalpha-2 may be consistent with main sequence galaxies. We interpret
these sources as major star formation episodes in the formation of massive
galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) via gas rich mergers in the early
Universe.


title: The Role of Magnetic Helicity in Structuring the Solar Corona

abstract:
  Two of the most widely observed and yet most puzzling features of the Sun's
magnetic field are coronal loops that are smooth and laminar and
prominences/filaments that are strongly sheared. These two features would seem
to be quite unrelated in that the loops are near their minimum-energy
current-free state, whereas filaments are regions of high magnetic stress and
intense electric currents. We argue that, in fact, these two features are
inextricably linked in that both are due to a single process: the injection of
magnetic helicity into the corona by photospheric motions and the subsequent
evolution of this helicity by coronal reconnection. In this paper, we present
numerical simulations of the response of a \citet{Parker72} corona to
photospheric driving motions that have varying degrees of helicity preference.
We obtain four main conclusions: 1) in agreement with the helicity condensation
model of \citet{Antiochos13}, the inverse cascade of helicity by magnetic
reconnection results in the formation of prominences/filaments localized about
polarity inversion lines (PILs); 2) this same process removes most structure
from the rest of the corona, resulting in smooth and laminar coronal loops; 3)
the amount of remnant tangling in coronal loops is inversely dependent on the
net helicity injected by the driving motions; and 4) the structure of the solar
corona depends only on the helicity preference of the driving motions and not
on their detailed time dependence. We discuss the implications of our results
for high-resolution observations of the corona.


title:
Hereditary Graph Classes: When the Complexities of Colouring and Clique
  Cover Coincide

abstract:
  A graph is $(H_1,H_2)$-free for a pair of graphs $H_1,H_2$ if it contains no
induced subgraph isomorphic to $H_1$ or $H_2$. In 2001, Kr\'al',
Kratochv\'{\i}l, Tuza, and Woeginger initiated a study into the complexity of
Colouring for $(H_1,H_2)$-free graphs. Since then, others have tried to
complete their study, but many cases remain open. We focus on those
$(H_1,H_2)$-free graphs where $H_2$ is $\overline{H_1}$, the complement of
$H_1$. As these classes are closed under complementation, the computational
complexities of Colouring and Clique Cover coincide. By combining new and known
results, we are able to classify the complexity of Colouring and Clique Cover
for $(H,\overline{H})$-free graphs for all cases except when $H=sP_1+ P_3$ for
$s\geq 3$ or $H=sP_1+P_4$ for $s\geq 2$. We also classify the complexity of
Colouring on graph classes characterized by forbidding a finite number of
self-complementary induced subgraphs, and we initiate a study of $k$-Colouring
for $(P_r,\overline{P_r})$-free graphs.


title:
Ground state oxygen holes and the metal-insulator transition in the
  negative charge transfer rare-earth nickelates

abstract:
  The metal-insulator transitions and the intriguing physical properties of
rare-earth perovskite nickelates have attracted considerable attention in
recent years. Nonetheless, a complete understanding of these materials remains
elusive. Here, taking a NdNiO3 thin film as a representative example, we
utilize a combination of x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray
scattering (RIXS) spectroscopies to resolve important aspects of the complex
electronic structure of the rare-earth nickelates. The unusual coexistence of
bound and continuum excitations observed in the RIXS spectra provides strong
evidence for the abundance of oxygen 2p holes in the ground state of these
materials. Using cluster calculations and Anderson impurity model
interpretation, we show that these distinct spectral signatures arise from a Ni
3d8 configuration along with holes in the oxygen 2p valence band, confirming
suggestions that these materials do not obey a conventional positive
charge-transfer picture, but instead exhibit a negative charge-transfer energy,
in line with recent models interpreting the metal to insulator transition in
terms of bond disproportionation.


title: Predicting Enemy's Actions Improves Commander Decision-Making

abstract:
  The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Real-time Adversarial
Intelligence and Decision-making (RAID) program is investigating the
feasibility of "reading the mind of the enemy" - to estimate and anticipate, in
real-time, the enemy's likely goals, deceptions, actions, movements and
positions. This program focuses specifically on urban battles at echelons of
battalion and below. The RAID program leverages approximate game-theoretic and
deception-sensitive algorithms to provide real-time enemy estimates to a
tactical commander. A key hypothesis of the program is that these predictions
and recommendations will make the commander more effective, i.e. he should be
able to achieve his operational goals safer, faster, and more efficiently.
Realistic experimentation and evaluation drive the development process using
human-in-the-loop wargames to compare humans and the RAID system. Two
experiments were conducted in 2005 as part of Phase I to determine if the RAID
software could make predictions and recommendations as effectively and
accurately as a 4-person experienced staff. This report discusses the
intriguing and encouraging results of these first two experiments conducted by
the RAID program. It also provides details about the experiment environment and
methodology that were used to demonstrate and prove the research goals.


title: Sensitivity of EAS measurements to the energy spectrum of muons

abstract:
  We have studied how the energy spectrum of muons at production affects some
of the most common measurements related to muons in extensive air shower
studies, namely, the number of muons at the ground, the slope of the lateral
distribution of muons, the apparent muon production depth, and the arrival time
delay of muons at ground. We found that by changing the energy spectrum by an
amount consistent with the difference between current models (namely EPOS-LHC
and QGSjet-II.04), the muon surface density at ground increases $5\%$ at
$20^\circ$ zenith angle and $17\%$ at $60^\circ$ zenith angle. This effect
introduces a zenith angle dependence on the reconstructed number of muons which
might be experimentally observed. The maximum of the muon production depth
distribution at $40^\circ$ increases $\sim10\text{ g/cm}^2$ and $\sim0\text{
g/cm}^2$ at $60^\circ$, which, from pure geometrical considerations, increases
the arrival time delay of muons. There is an extra contribution to the delay
due to the subluminal velocities of muons of the order of $\sim3$ ns at all
zenith angles. Finally, changes introduced in the logarithmic slope of the
lateral density function are less than 2%.


title:
Geometry in transition in four dimensions: A model of emergent geometry
  in the early universe and dark energy

abstract:
  We study a six matrix model with global $SO(3)\times SO(3)$ symmetry
containing at most quartic powers of the matrices. This theory exhibits a phase
transition from a geometrical phase at low temperature to a Yang-Mills matrix
phase with no background geometrical structure at high temperature. This is an
exotic phase transition in the same universality class as the three matrix
model but with important differences. The geometrical phase is determined
dynamically, as the system cools, and is given by a fuzzy four-sphere
background ${\bf S}^2_N\times{\bf S}^2_N$, with an Abelian gauge field which is
very weakly coupled to two normal scalar fields playing the role of dark
energy.


title: Relational exchangeability

abstract:
  A relationally exchangeable structure is a random combinatorial structure
whose law is invariant with respect to relabeling its relations, as opposed to
its elements. Aside from exchangeable random partitions, examples include edge
exchangeable random graphs and hypergraphs, path exchangeable processes, and a
range of other network-like structures that arise in statistical applications.
We prove a de Finetti-type structure theorem for the general class of
relationally exchangeable structures.


title: Exploring elastic net and multivariate regression

abstract:
  When it comes to datasets with a tremendous amount of predictors, variable
reduction techniques such as PCA or FA are often used. In this paper, the
elastic net, which lies in between the LASSO method and ridge regression, is
used as a variable reduction technique followed by further analysis with
multivariate regression. Specifically, a messy only dataset is used to show how
it can be 'tidied' up and broken down into sensible subsets using the
aforementioned method.


title:
Generalizing the optimized gradient method for smooth convex
  minimization

abstract:
  This paper generalizes the optimized gradient method (OGM) that achieves the
optimal worst-case cost function bound of first-order methods for smooth convex
minimization. Specifically, this paper studies a generalized formulation of OGM
and analyzes its worst-case rates in terms of both the function value and the
norm of the function gradient. This paper also develops a new algorithm called
OGM-OG that is in the generalized family of OGM and that has the best known
analytical worst-case bound with rate $O(1/N^{1.5})$ on the decrease of the
gradient norm among fixed-step first-order methods. This paper also proves that
Nesterov's fast gradient method has an $O(1/N^{1.5})$ worst-case gradient norm
rate but with constant larger than OGM-OG. The proof is based on the worst-case
analysis called Performance Estimation Problem.


title: Locality-based Network Creation Games

abstract:
  Network creation games have been extensively studied, both from economists
and computer scientists, due to their versatility in modeling individual-based
community formation processes, which in turn are the theoretical counterpart of
several economics, social, and computational applications on the Internet. In
their several variants, these games model the tension of a player between her
two antagonistic goals: to be as close as possible to the other players, and to
activate a cheapest possible set of links. However, the generally adopted
assumption is that players have a \emph{common and complete} information about
the ongoing network, which is quite unrealistic in practice. In this paper, we
consider a more compelling scenario in which players have only limited
information about the network they are embedded in. More precisely, we explore
the game-theoretic and computational implications of assuming that players have
a complete knowledge of the network structure only up to a given radius $k$,
which is one of the most qualified \emph{local-knowledge models} used in
distributed computing. To this respect, we define a suitable equilibrium
concept, and we provide a comprehensive set of upper and lower bounds to the
price of anarchy for the entire range of values of $k$, and for the two classic
variants of the game, namely those in which a player's cost --- besides the
activation cost of the owned links --- depends on the maximum/sum of all the
distances to the other nodes in the network, respectively. These bounds are
finally assessed through an extensive set of experiments.


title: Topological Field Theory and Matrix Product States

abstract:
  It is believed that most (perhaps all) gapped phases of matter can be
described at long distances by Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT). On the
other hand, it has been rigorously established that in 1+1d ground states of
gapped Hamiltonians can be approximated by Matrix Product States (MPS). We show
that the state-sum construction of 2d TQFT naturally leads to MPS in their
standard form. In the case of systems with a global symmetry $G$, this leads to
a classification of gapped phases in 1+1d in terms of Morita-equivalence
classes of $G$-equivariant algebras. Non-uniqueness of the MPS representation
is traced to the freedom of choosing an algebra in a particular Morita class.
In the case of Short-Range Entangled phases, we recover the group cohomology
classification of SPT phases.


title:
End-to-end simulations of the Visible Tunable Filter for the Daniel K.
  Inouye Solar Telescope

abstract:
  The Visible Tunable Filter (VTF) is a narrowband tunable filter system for
imaging spectroscopy and spectropolarimetry based. The instrument will be one
of the first-light instruments of the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope that is
currently under construction on Maui (Hawaii). The VTF is being developed by
the Kiepenheuer Institut fuer Sonnenphysik in Freiburg as a German contribution
to the DKIST.
  We perform end-to-end simulations of spectropolarimetric observations with
the VTF to verify the science requirements of the instrument. The instrument is
simulated with two Etalons, and with a single Etalon.
  The clear aperture of the Etalons is 250 mm, corresponding to a field of view
with a diameter of 60 arcsec in the sky (42,000 km on the Sun). To model the
large-scale figure errors we employ low-order Zernike polynomials (power and
spherical aberration) with amplitudes of 2.5 nm RMS. We use an ideal
polarization modulator with equal modulation coefficients of 3-1/2 for the
polarization modulation
  We synthesize Stokes profiles of two iron lines (630.15 nm and 630.25 nm) and
for the 854.2 nm line of calcium, for a range of magnetic field values and for
several inclination angles. We estimated the photon noise on the basis of the
DKIST and VTF transmission values, the atmospheric transmission and the
spectral flux from the Sun.
  For the Fe 630.25 nm line, we obtain a sensitivity of 20 G for the
longitudinal component and for 150 G for the transverse component, in agreement
with the science requirements for the VTF.


title:
ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Survey
  Description

abstract:
  We present the rationale for and the observational description of ASPECS: The
ALMA SPECtroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (UDF), the
cosmological deep field that has the deepest multi-wavelength data available.
Our overarching goal is to obtain an unbiased census of molecular gas and dust
continuum emission in high-redshift (z$>$0.5) galaxies. The $\sim$1$'$ region
covered within the UDF was chosen to overlap with the deepest available imaging
from HST. Our ALMA observations consist of full frequency scans in band 3
(84-115 GHz) and band 6 (212-272 GHz) at approximately uniform line sensitivity
($L'_{\rm CO}\sim$2$\times$10$^{9}$ K km/s pc$^2$), and continuum noise levels
of 3.8 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ and 12.7 $\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$, respectively. The
molecular surveys cover the different rotational transitions of the CO
molecule, leading to essentially full redshift coverage. The [CII] emission
line is also covered at redshifts $6.0<z<8.0$. We present a customized
algorithm to identify line candidates in the molecular line scans, and quantify
our ability to recover artificial sources from our data. Based on whether
multiple CO lines are detected, and whether optical spectroscopic redshifts as
well as optical counterparts exist, we constrain the most likely line
identification. We report 10 (11) CO line candidates in the 3mm (1mm) band, and
our statistical analysis shows that $<$4 of these (in each band) are likely
spurious. Less than 1/3 of the total CO flux in the low-J CO line candidates
are from sources that are not associated with an optical/NIR counterpart. We
also present continuum maps of both the band 3 and band 6 observations. The
data presented here form the basis of a number of dedicated studies that are
presented in subsequent papers.


title:
ALMA spectroscopic survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Continuum
  number counts, resolved 1.2-mm extragalactic background, and properties of
  the faintest dusty star forming galaxies

abstract:
  We present an analysis of a deep (1$\sigma$=13 $\mu$Jy) cosmological 1.2-mm
continuum map based on ASPECS, the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble
Ultra Deep Field. In the 1 arcmin$^2$ covered by ASPECS we detect nine sources
at $>3.5\sigma$ significance at 1.2-mm. Our ALMA--selected sample has a median
redshift of $z=1.6\pm0.4$, with only one galaxy detected at z$>$2 within the
survey area. This value is significantly lower than that found in millimeter
samples selected at a higher flux density cut-off and similar frequencies. Most
galaxies have specific star formation rates similar to that of main sequence
galaxies at the same epoch, and we find median values of stellar mass and star
formation rates of $4.0\times10^{10}\ M_\odot$ and $\sim40~M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$,
respectively. Using the dust emission as a tracer for the ISM mass, we derive
depletion times that are typically longer than 300 Myr, and we find molecular
gas fractions ranging from $\sim$0.1 to 1.0. As noted by previous studies,
these values are lower than using CO--based ISM estimates by a factor $\sim$2.
The 1\,mm number counts (corrected for fidelity and completeness) are in
agreement with previous studies that were typically restricted to brighter
sources. With our individual detections only, we recover $55\pm4\%$ of the
extragalactic background light (EBL) at 1.2 mm measured by the Planck
satellite, and we recover $80\pm7\%$ of this EBL if we include the bright end
of the number counts and additional detections from stacking. The stacked
contribution is dominated by galaxies at $z\sim1-2$, with stellar masses of
(1-3)$\times$10$^{10}$ M$_\odot$. For the first time, we are able to
characterize the population of galaxies that dominate the EBL at 1.2 mm.


title:
ALMA spectroscopic survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: CO luminosity
  functions and the evolution of the cosmic density of molecular gas

abstract:
  In this paper we use ASPECS, the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the {\em
Hubble} Ultra Deep Field (UDF) in band 3 and band 6, to place blind constraints
on the CO luminosity function and the evolution of the cosmic molecular gas
density as a function of redshift up to $z\sim 4.5$. This study is based on
galaxies that have been solely selected through their CO emission and not
through any other property. In all of the redshift bins the ASPECS measurements
reach the predicted `knee' of the CO luminosity function (around
$5\times10^{9}$ K km/s pc$^2$). We find clear evidence of an evolution in the
CO luminosity function with respect to $z\sim 0$, with more CO luminous
galaxies present at $z\sim 2$. The observed galaxies at $z\sim 2$ also appear
more gas-rich than predicted by recent semi-analytical models. The comoving
cosmic molecular gas density within galaxies as a function of redshift shows a
factor 3-10 drop from $z \sim 2$ to $z \sim 0$ (with significant error bars),
and possibly a decline at $z>3$. This trend is similar to the observed
evolution of the cosmic star formation rate density. The latter therefore
appears to be at least partly driven by the increased availability of molecular
gas reservoirs at the peak of cosmic star formation ($z\sim2$).


title:
ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Molecular gas
  reservoirs in high-redshift galaxies

abstract:
  We study the molecular gas properties of high-$z$ galaxies observed in the
ALMA Spectroscopic Survey (ASPECS) that targets a $\sim1$ arcmin$^2$ region in
the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF), a blind survey of CO emission (tracing
molecular gas) in the 3mm and 1mm bands. Of a total of 1302 galaxies in the
field, 56 have spectroscopic redshifts and correspondingly well-defined
physical properties. Among these, 11 have infrared luminosities
$L_{\rm{}IR}>10^{11}$ L$_\odot$, i.e. a detection in CO emission was expected.
Out these, 7 are detected at various significance in CO, and 4 are undetected
in CO emission. In the CO-detected sources, we find CO excitation conditions
that are lower than typically found in starburst/SMG/QSO environments. We use
the CO luminosities (including limits for non-detections) to derive molecular
gas masses. We discuss our findings in context of previous molecular gas
observations at high redshift (star-formation law, gas depletion times, gas
fractions): The CO-detected galaxies in the UDF tend to reside on the
low-$L_{\rm{}IR}$ envelope of the scatter in the $L_{\rm{}IR}-L'_{\rm{}CO}$
relation, but exceptions exist. For the CO-detected sources, we find an average
depletion time of $\sim$ 1 Gyr, with significant scatter. The average
molecular-to-stellar mass ratio ($M_{\rm{}H2}$/$M_*$) is consistent with
earlier measurements of main sequence galaxies at these redshifts, and again
shows large variations among sources. In some cases, we also measure dust
continuum emission. On average, the dust-based estimates of the molecular gas
are a factor $\sim$2-5$\times$ smaller than those based on CO. Accounting for
detections as well as non-detections, we find large diversity in the molecular
gas properties of the high-redshift galaxies covered by ASPECS.


title:
ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: Search for
  [CII] line and dust emission in 6<z<8 galaxies

abstract:
  We present a search for [CII] line and dust continuum emission from optical
dropout galaxies at $z>6$ using ASPECS, our ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the
Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (UDF). Our observations, which cover the frequency
range $212-272$ GHz, encompass approximately the range $6<z<8$ for [CII] line
emission and reach a limiting luminosity of L$_{\rm
[CII]}\sim$(1.6-2.5)$\times$10$^{8}$ L$_{\odot}$. We identify fourteen [CII]
line emitting candidates in this redshift range with significances $>$4.5
$\sigma$, two of which correspond to blind detections with no optical
counterparts. At this significance level, our statistical analysis shows that
about 60\% of our candidates are expected to be spurious. For one of our
blindly selected [CII] line candidates, we tentatively detect the CO(6-5) line
in our parallel 3-mm line scan. None of the line candidates are individually
detected in the 1.2 mm continuum. A stack of all [CII] candidates results in a
tentative detection with $S_{1.2mm}=14\pm5\mu$Jy. This implies a dust-obscured
star formation rate (SFR) of $(3\pm1)$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. We find that the
two highest--SFR objects have candidate [CII] lines with luminosities that are
consistent with the low-redshift $L_{\rm [CII]}$ vs. SFR relation. The other
candidates have significantly higher [CII] luminosities than expected from
their UV--based SFR. At the current sensitivity it is unclear whether the
majority of these sources are intrinsically bright [CII] emitters, or spurious
sources. If only one of our line candidates was real (a scenario greatly
favored by our statistical analysis), we find a source density for [CII]
emitters at $6<z<8$ that is significantly higher than predicted by current
models and some extrapolations from galaxies in the local universe.


title:
ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: implications
  for spectral line intensity mapping at millimeter wavelengths and CMB
  spectral distortions

abstract:
  We present direct estimates of the mean sky brightness temperature in
observing bands around 99GHz and 242GHz due to line emission from distant
galaxies. These values are calculated from the summed line emission observed in
a blind, deep survey for specrtal line emission from high redshift galaxies
using ALMA (the 'ASPECS' survey). In the 99 GHz band, the mean brightness will
be dominated by rotational transitions of CO from intermediate and high
redshift galaxies. In the 242GHz band, the emission could be a combination of
higher order CO lines, and possibly [CII] 158$\mu$m line emission from very
high redshift galaxies ($z \sim 6$ to 7). The mean line surface brightness is a
quantity that is relevant to measurements of spectral distortions of the cosmic
microwave background, and as a potential tool for studying large-scale
structures in the early Universe using intensity mapping. While the cosmic
volume and the number of detections are admittedly small, this pilot survey
provides a direct measure of the mean line surface brightness, independent of
conversion factors, excitation, or other galaxy formation model assumptions.
The mean surface brightness in the 99GHZ band is: $T_B = 0.94\pm 0.09$ $\mu$K.
In the 242GHz band, the mean brightness is: $T_B = 0.55\pm 0.033$ $\mu$K. These
should be interpreted as lower limits on the average sky signal, since we only
include lines detected individually in the blind survey, while in a low
resolution intensity mapping experiment, there will also be the summed
contribution from lower luminosity galaxies that cannot be detected
individually in the current blind survey.


title:
Invariant connections and $\nabla$-Einstein structures on isotropy
  irreducible spaces

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to a systematic study and classification of invariant
affine or metric connections on certain classes of naturally reductive spaces.
For any non-symmetric, effective, strongly isotropy irreducible homogeneous
Riemannian manifold $(M=G/K, g)$, we compute the dimensions of the spaces of
$G$-invariant affine and metric connections. For such manifolds we also
describe the space of invariant metric connections with skew-torsion. For the
compact Lie group ${\rm U}_{n}$ we classify all bi-invariant metric
connections, by introducing a new family of bi-invariant connections whose
torsion is of vectorial type. Next we present applications related with the
notion of $\nabla$-Einstein manifolds with skew-torsion. In particular, we
classify all such invariant structures on any non-symmetric strongly isotropy
irreducible homogeneous space.


title:
Effects of cold atmospheric plasma generated in deionized water in cell
  cancer therapy

abstract:
  Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was shown to affect cells not only directly,
but also indirectly by means of plasma pre-treated solution. This study
investigated a new application of CAP generated in deionized (DI) water for the
cancer therapy. In our experiments, the CAP solution was generated in DI water
using helium as carrier gas. We report on the effects of this plasma solution
in breast (MDA-MD-231) and gastric (NCI-N87) cancer cells. The results revealed
that apoptosis efficiency was dependent on the plasma exposure time and on the
levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The plasma
solution that resulted from 30-minute treatment of DI water had the most
significant effect in the rate of apoptosis.


title: The USNO rubidium fountains

abstract:
  Four rubidium fountains at the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) have been in
operation for 4.5 years. Each fountain has demonstrated periods of stability
marked by Total or Theo deviation below 10^-16. Occasional frequency changes,
on order of 1.5 times per year per fountain, introduce deviations from
white-frequency noise behavior. Averaged together, the four fountains form an
ensemble with a white-frequency noise level of 10^-13 and excellent long-term
stability as compared to the primary frequency standards contributing to TAI.
Progress on using the clocks at USNO for improving limits on coupling of
fundamental constants to gravity by measuring the universality of the
gravitational redshift for different types of clocks is discussed.


title: Group-theoretical search for rows or columns of the lepton mixing matrix

abstract:
  We have used the SmallGroups library of groups, together with the computer
algebra systems GAP and Mathematica, to search for groups with a
three-dimensional irreducible representation in which one of the group
generators has a twice-degenerate eigenvalue while another generator has
non-degenerate eigenvalues. By assuming one of these group generators to
commute with the charged-lepton mass matrix and the other one to commute with
the neutrino (Dirac) mass matrix, one derives group-theoretical predictions for
the moduli of the matrix elements of either a row or a column of the lepton
mixing matrix. Our search has produced several realistic predictions for either
the second row, or the third row, or for any of the columns of that matrix.


title:
Synchronization in Networked Systems with Parameter Mismatch: Adaptive
  Decentralized and Distributed Controls

abstract:
  Here, we study the ultimately bounded stability of network of mismatched
systems using Lyapunov direct method. We derive an upper bound on the norm of
the error of network states from its average states, which it achieves in
finite time. Then, we devise a decentralized compensator to asymptotically pin
the network of mismatched systems to a desired trajectory. Next, we design
distributed estimators to compensate for the mismatched parameters performances
of adaptive decentralized and distributed compensations are analyzed. Our
analytical results are verified by several simulations in a network of globally
connected Lorenz oscillators.


title: Joining and splitting models with Markov melding

abstract:
  Analysing multiple evidence sources is often feasible only via a modular
approach, with separate submodels specified for smaller components of the
available evidence. Here we introduce a generic framework that enables fully
Bayesian analysis in this setting. We propose a generic method for forming a
suitable joint model when joining submodels, and a convenient computational
algorithm for fitting this joint model in stages, rather than as a single,
monolithic model. The approach also enables splitting of large joint models
into smaller submodels, allowing inference for the original joint model to be
conducted via our multi-stage algorithm. We motivate and demonstrate our
approach through two examples: joining components of an evidence synthesis of
A/H1N1 influenza, and splitting a large ecology model.


title: Metastability in an open quantum Ising model

abstract:
  We apply a recently developed theory for metastability in open quantum
systems to a one-dimensional dissipative quantum Ising model. Earlier results
suggest this model features either a non-equilibrium phase transition or a
smooth but sharp crossover, where the stationary state changes from
paramagnetic to ferromagnetic, accompanied by strongly intermittent emission
dynamics characteristic of first-order coexistence between dynamical phases. We
show that for a range of parameters close to this transition/crossover point
the dynamics of the finite system displays pronounced metastability, i.e., the
system relaxes first to long-lived metastable states, before eventual
relaxation to the true stationary state. From the spectral properties of the
quantum master operator we characterise the low-dimensional manifold of
metastable states, which are shown to be probability mixtures of two,
paramagnetic and ferromagnetic, metastable phases. We also show that for long
times the dynamics can be approximated by a classical stochastic dynamics
between the metastable phases that is directly related to the intermittent
dynamics observed in quantum trajectories and thus the dynamical phases.


title: On the Use of Sparse Filtering for Covariate Shift Adaptation

abstract:
  In this paper we formally analyse the use of sparse filtering algorithms to
perform covariate shift adaptation. We provide a theoretical analysis of sparse
filtering by evaluating the conditions required to perform covariate shift
adaptation. We prove that sparse filtering can perform adaptation only if the
conditional distribution of the labels has a structure explained by a cosine
metric. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new algorithm, named periodic
sparse filtering, and carry out the same theoretical analysis regarding
covariate shift adaptation. We show that periodic sparse filtering can perform
adaptation under the looser and more realistic requirement that the conditional
distribution of the labels has a periodic structure, which may be satisfied,
for instance, by user-dependent data sets. We experimentally validate our
theoretical results on synthetic data. Moreover, we apply periodic sparse
filtering to real-world data sets to demonstrate that this simple and
computationally efficient algorithm is able to achieve competitive
performances.


title: Epidemic spreading on evolving signed networks

abstract:
  Most studies of disease spreading consider the underlying social network as
obtained without the contagion, though epidemic influences people's willingness
to contact others: A "friendly" contact may be turned to "unfriendly" to avoid
infection. We study the susceptible-infected disease-spreading model on signed
networks, in which each edge is associated with a positive or negative sign
representing the friendly or unfriendly relation between its end nodes. In a
signed network, according to Heider's theory, edge signs evolve such that
finally a state of structural balance is achieved, corresponding to no
frustration in physics terms. However, the danger of infection affects the
evolution of its edge signs. To describe the coupled problem of the sign
evolution and disease spreading, we generalize the notion of structural balance
by taking into account the state of the nodes. We introduce an energy function
and carry out Monte Carlo simulations on complete networks to test the energy
landscape, where we find local minima corresponding to the so-called jammed
states. We study the effect of the ratio of initial friendly to unfriendly
connections on the propagation of disease. The steady state can be balanced or
a jammed state such that a coexistence occurs between susceptible and infected
nodes in the system.