title: Observation of the decay $\Xi_b^- \to p K^-K^-$

abstract:
  Decays of the $\Xi_b^-$ and $\Omega_b^-$ baryons to the charmless final
states $p h^{-}h^{\prime -}$, where $h^{(\prime)}$ denotes a kaon or pion, are
searched for with the LHCb detector. The analysis is based on a sample of
proton-proton collision data collected at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} =
7$ and $8 TeV$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 {\rm fb}^{-1}$.
The decay $\Xi_b^- \to p K^-K^-$ is observed with a significance of $8.7$
standard deviations, and evidence at the level of $3.4$ standard deviations is
found for the $\Xi_b^- \to p K^-\pi^-$ decay. Results are reported, relative to
the $B^-\to K^+K^-K^-$ normalisation channel, for the products of branching
fractions and $b$-hadron production fractions. The branching fractions of
$\Xi_b^- \to p K^-\pi^-$ and $\Xi_b^- \to p \pi^-\pi^-$ relative to $\Xi_b^-
\to p K^-K^-$ decays are also measured.


title:
Ab initio quantum-statistical approach to kinetic theory of
  low-temperature dilute gases of hydrogen-like atoms

abstract:
  We develop a microscopic approach to the consistent construction of the
kinetic theory of dilute weakly ionized gases of hydrogen-like atoms. The
approach is based on the framework of the second quantization method in the
presence of bound states of particles and the method of reduced description of
relaxation processes. Within the approach we developed the first-order
perturbation theory over the weak interaction for a system of kinetic equations
for the Wigner distribution functions of free fermions of both kinds and their
bound states, the hydrogen-like atoms. It is shown that the conditions of
low-temperature approximation, of the gas non-degeneracy and the approximation
of weak interaction are realistic and can be met in a wide range of
temperatures and the densities of the studied system. We obtain dispersion
equations for determining the frequency and wave attenuation coefficients in
dilute weakly ionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms near the described equilibrium
state. In the two-level atom approximation it is shown that in the system there
are longitudinal waves of matter polarization and transverse waves with the
behavior characteristic of plasmon polaritons. The expressions for the
dependence of the frequency and the Landau damping coefficients on the wave
vector for all branches of the oscillations detected, are obtained.
Quantitative estimations of the characteristics of the elementary perturbations
in the system on an example of a weakly ionized dilute gas of Na-23 atoms are
presented. The possibility of using the results of the theory developed to
describe the properties of a Bose condensate of photons in dilute weakly
ionized gas of hydrogen-like atoms is noted and the directions of its
generalizations are discussed.


title:
Excitonic structure and pumping power dependent emission blue-shift of
  type-II quantum dots

abstract:
  In this work we study theoretically and experimentally the multi-particle
structure of the so-called type-II quantum dots with spatially separated
electrons and holes. Our calculations based on customarily developed full
configuration interaction approach reveal that exciton complexes containing
holes interacting with two or more electrons exhibit fairly large antibinding
energies. This effect is found to be the hallmark of the type-II confinement.
In addition, an approximate self-consistent solution of the multi-exciton
problem allows us to explain two pronounced phenomena: the blue-shift of the
emission with pumping and the large inhomogenous spectral broadening, both of
those eluding explanation so far. The results are confirmed by detailed
intensity and polarization resolved photoluminescence measurements on a number
of type-II samples.


title: On non-archimedean Gurarii spaces

abstract:
  Let $U_{FNA}$ be the class of all non-archimedean finite-dimensional Banach
spaces. A non-archimedean Gurarii Banach space $G$ over a non-archimedean
valued field $K$ is constructed, i.e. a non-archimedean Banach space $G$ of
countable type which is of almost universal disposition for the class
$U_{FNA}$. This means: for every isometry $g : X \to Y$ , where $Y \in U_{FNA}$
and $X$ is a subspace of $G$, and every $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$ there exists an
$\varepsilon$-isometry $f : Y \to G$ such that $f(g(x)) = x$ for all $x \in X$.
We show that all non-archimedean Banach spaces of almost universal disposition
for the class $U_{FNA}$ are $\varepsilon$-isometric. Furthermore, all
non-archimedean Banach spaces of almost universal disposition for the class
$U_{FNA}$ are isometrically isomorphic if and only if $K$ is spherically
complete and $\{|\lambda| : \lambda \in K \setminus \{0\} \} = (0,\infty)$.


title:
Stacking transition in bilayer graphene caused by thermally activated
  rotation

abstract:
  Crystallographic alignment between two-dimensional crystals in van der Waals
heterostructures brought a number of profound physical phenomena, including
observation of Hofstadter butterfly and topological currents, and promising
novel applications, such as resonant tunnelling transistors. Here, by probing
the electronic density of states in graphene using graphene-hexagonal boron
nitride tunnelling transistors, we demonstrate a structural transition of
bilayer graphene from incommensurate twisted stacking state into a commensurate
AB stacking due to a macroscopic graphene self-rotation. This structural
transition is accompanied by a topological transition in the reciprocal space
and by pseudospin texturing. The stacking transition is driven by van der Waals
interaction energy of the two graphene layers and is thermally activated by
unpinning the microscopic chemical adsorbents which are then removed by the
self-cleaning of graphene.


title:
Lecture Notes on Multi-loop Integral Reduction and Applied Algebraic
  Geometry

abstract:
  These notes are for the author's lectures, "Integral Reduction and Applied
Algebraic Geometry Techniques" in the School and Workshop on Amplitudes in
Beijing 2016. I introduce the applications of algebraic geometry methods on
multi-loop scattering amplitudes, for instance, integrand reduction, residue
computation in unitarity analysis and Integration-by-parts reduction.
Illustrative examples and exercises are included in these notes.


title:
Detection of diffuse gamma-ray emission near the young massive cluster
  NGC 3603

abstract:
  We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope's detection of extended gamma-ray
emission towards the direction of the young massive star cluster NGC 3603. The
emission shows a hard spectrum with a photon index of 2.3 from 1 GeV to 250
GeV. The large size and high luminosity of this structure make it unlikely a
pulsar wind nebular. On the other hand the spatial correlation with the ionised
gas indicate a hadronic origin. The total cosmic ray (CR) protons energy are
estimated to be of the order $10^{50} ~\rm erg$ assuming the gamma-ray are
produced in the interaction of CRs with ambient gas . The environment and
spectral features show significant similarity with the Cygnus cocoon. It
reveals that the young star clusters may be a gamma-ray source population and
they can potentially accelerate a significant fraction of the Galactic cosmic
rays.


title:
When is multitask learning effective? Semantic sequence prediction under
  varying data conditions

abstract:
  Multitask learning has been applied successfully to a range of tasks, mostly
morphosyntactic. However, little is known on when MTL works and whether there
are data characteristics that help to determine its success. In this paper we
evaluate a range of semantic sequence labeling tasks in a MTL setup. We examine
different auxiliary tasks, amongst which a novel setup, and correlate their
impact to data-dependent conditions. Our results show that MTL is not always
effective, significant improvements are obtained only for 1 out of 5 tasks.
When successful, auxiliary tasks with compact and more uniform label
distributions are preferable.


title: Building Communication Skills in a Theoretical Statistics Course

abstract:
  The traditional theoretical statistics course which develops the theoretical
underpinnings of the discipline (usually following a probability course) is
undergoing near-continuous revision in the statistics community. In particular,
recent versions of this course have incorporated more and more computation. We
take a look at a different aspect of the revision - building student
communication skills in the course, in both written and verbal forms, to allow
students to demonstrate their ability to explain statistical concepts. Two
separate projects are discussed, both of which were engaged in by a class of
size 17 in Spring 2015. The first project had a computational aspect (performed
using R), a statistical theory component, and a writing component, and was
based on the historical German tank problem. The second project involved a
class presentation and written report summarizing, critiquing, and/or
explaining an article selected from The American Statistician.


title: The properties of energetically unbound stars in stellar clusters

abstract:
  Several Milky Way star clusters show a roughly flat velocity dispersion
profile at large radii, which is not expected from models with a tidal cut-off
energy. Possible explanations for this excess velocity include: the effects of
a dark matter halo, modified gravity theories and energetically unbound stars
inside of clusters. These stars are known as potential escapers (PEs) and can
exist indefinitely within clusters which are on circular orbits. Through a
series of N-body simulations of star cluster systems, where we vary the
galactic potential, orbital eccentricity and stellar mass function, we
investigate the properties of the PEs and their effects on the kinematics. We
derive a prediction for the scaling of the velocity dispersion at the Jacobi
surface due to PEs, as a function of cluster mass, angular velocity of the
cluster orbit, and slope of the mass profile of the host galaxy. We see a
tentative signal of the mass and orbital velocity dependence in kinematic data
of globular clusters from literature. We also find that the fraction of PEs
depends sensitively on the galactic mass profile, reaching as high as 40% in
the cusp of a Navarro-Frenk-White profile and as the velocity anisotropy also
depends on the slope of the galactic mass profile, we conclude that PEs provide
an independent way of inferring the properties of the dark matter mass profile
at the galactic radius of (globular) clusters in the Gaia era.


title: Homotopy theory of unital algebras

abstract:
  This paper provides an extensive study of the homotopy theory of types of
algebras with units, like unital associative algebras or unital commutative
algebras for instance. To this purpose, we endow the Koszul dual category of
curved coalgebras, where the notion of quasi-isomorphism barely makes sense,
with a model category structure Quillen equivalent to that of unital algebras.
To prove such a result, we use recent methods based on presentable categories.
This allows us to describe the homotopy properties of unital algebras in a
simpler and richer way. Moreover, we endow the various model categories with
several enrichments which induce suitable models for the mapping spaces and
describe the formal deformations of morphisms of algebras.


title: Knowledge Representation in Graphs using Convolutional Neural Networks

abstract:
  Knowledge Graphs (KG) constitute a flexible representation of complex
relationships between entities particularly useful for biomedical data. These
KG, however, are very sparse with many missing edges (facts) and the
visualisation of the mesh of interactions nontrivial. Here we apply a
compositional model to embed nodes and relationships into a vectorised semantic
space to perform graph completion. A visualisation tool based on Convolutional
Neural Networks and Self-Organised Maps (SOM) is proposed to extract high-level
insights from the KG. We apply this technique to a subset of CTD, containing
interactions of compounds with human genes / proteins and show that the
performance is comparable to the one obtained by structural models.


title: "Pseudoisomorphs" in liquids with intramolecular degrees of freedom

abstract:
  Computer simulations show that liquids of molecules with harmonic
intramolecular bonds may have "pseudoisomorphic" lines of approximately
invariant dynamics in the thermodynamic phase diagram. We demonstrate that
these lines can be identified by requiring scale invariance of the
inherent-structure reduced-unit low-frequency vibrational spectrum evaluated
for a single equilibrium configuration. This rationalizes why excess-entropy
scaling, density scaling, and isochronal superposition apply for many liquids
with internal degrees of freedom.


title: On the Laplace transform of absolutely monotonic functions

abstract:
  We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions on a function in order that it
be the Laplace transform of an absolutely monotonic function. Several closely
related results are also given.


title:
On the robustness of strongly correlated multi-photon states in
  frustrated driven-dissipative cavity lattices

abstract:
  We present a theoretical study on the robustness of multi-photon states in a
frustrated lattice of coupled nonlinear optical cavities, which are described
by a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model. In particular, we focus here on a
Lieb lattice with two elementary cells and periodic boundary conditions. Due to
the geometric frustration of the lattice, the non-equilibrium steady state can
exhibit dark sites with low photon density and strong correlations, ascribable
to the population of multi-photon modes. We explore the sensitivity of such
strong correlations on the random inhomogeneity of the lattice parameters. We
show that the correlations are more sensitive to the inhomogeneity of the
cavity frequencies than to the random fluctuations of the hopping strength.


title: Quantum Critical Scaling under Periodic Driving

abstract:
  Universality is key to the theory of phase transition stating that the
equilibrium properties of observables near a phase transition can be classified
according to few critical exponents. These exponents rule an universal scaling
behaviour that witnesses the irrelevance of the model's microscopic details at
criticality. Here we discuss the persistence of such a scaling in a
one-dimensional quantum Ising model under sinusoidal modulation in time of its
transverse magnetic field. We show that scaling of various quantities
(concurrence, entanglement entropy, magnetic and fidelity susceptibility)
endures up to a stroboscopic time $\tau_{bd}$, proportional to the size of the
system. This behaviour is explained by noticing that the low-energy modes,
responsible for the scaling properties, are resilient to the absorption of
energy. Our results suggest that relevant features of the universality do hold
also when the system is brought out-of-equilibrium by a periodic driving.


title: Chemical evolution library for galaxy formation simulation

abstract:
  We have developed a software library for chemical evolution simulations of
galaxy formation under the simple stellar population (SSP) approximation. In
this library, all of the necessary components concerning chemical evolution,
such as initial mass functions, stellar lifetimes, yields from type II and Ia
supernovae, asymptotic giant branch stars, and neutron star mergers, are
compiled from the literature. Various models are pre-implemented in this
library so that users can choose their favorite combination of models.
Subroutines of this library return released energy and masses of individual
elements depending on a given event type. Since the redistribution manner of
these quantities depends on the implementation of users' simulation codes, this
library leaves it up to the simulation code. As demonstrations, we carry out
both one-zone, closed box simulations and three-dimensional simulations of a
collapsing gas and dark matter system using this library. In these simulations,
we can easily compare the impact of individual models on the chemical evolution
of galaxies, just by changing the control flags and parameters of the library.
Since this library only deals with the part of chemical evolution under the SSP
approximation, any simulation codes that use the SSP approximation -- namely
particle-base and mesh codes, as well as semi-analytical models -- can use it.
This library is named "CELib" after the term "Chemical Evolution Library" and
is made available to the community.


title: Sparse Geometric Representation Through Local Shape Probing

abstract:
  We propose a new shape analysis approach based on the non-local analysis of
local shape variations. Our method relies on a novel description of shape
variations, called Local Probing Field (LPF), which describes how a local
probing operator transforms a pattern onto the shape. By carefully optimizing
the position and orientation of each descriptor, we are able to capture shape
similarities and gather them into a geometrically relevant dictionary over
which the shape decomposes sparsely. This new representation permits to handle
shapes with mixed intrinsic dimensionality (e.g. shapes containing both
surfaces and curves) and to encode various shape features such as boundaries.
Our shape representation has several potential applications; here we
demonstrate its efficiency for shape resampling and point set denoising for
both synthetic and real data.


title:
On the energy distribution of relativistic electrons in the young
  supernova remnant G1.9+0.3

abstract:
  The broad-band X-ray observations of the youngest known galactic supernova
remnant, G1.9+0.3, provide unique information about the particle acceleration
at the early stages of evolution of supernova remnants. Based on the publicly
available X-ray data obtained with the Chandra and NuSTAR satellites over two
decades in energy, we derived the energy distribution of relativistic electrons
under the assumption that detected X-rays are of entirely synchrotron origin.
The acceleration of electrons was found to be an order of magnitude slower than
the maximum rate provided by the shock acceleration in the nominal Bohm
diffusion regime. We discuss the implications of this result in the context of
contribution of SNRs to the Galactic Cosmic Rays at PeV energies.


title: All-optical photonic band control in a quantum metamaterial

abstract:
  Metamaterials made of periodic collections of dielectric nanorods are
considered theoretically. When quantum resonators are embedded within the
nanorods, one obtains a quantum metamaterial, whose electromagnetic properties
depend upon the state of the quantum resonators. The theoretical model predicts
that when the resonators are pumped and reach the inversion regime, the quantum
metamaterial exhibits an all-optical switchable conduction band. The phenomenon
can be described by considering the pole stucture of the scattering matrix of
the metamaterial.


title:
Cosmological constraints with weak lensing peak counts and second-order
  statistics in a large-field survey

abstract:
  Peak statistics in weak lensing maps access the non-Gaussian information
contained in the large-scale distribution of matter in the Universe. They are
therefore a promising complement to two-point and higher-order statistics to
constrain our cosmological models. To prepare for the high-precision data of
next-generation surveys, we assess the constraining power of peak counts in a
simulated Euclid-like survey on the cosmological parameters
$\Omega_\mathrm{m}$, $\sigma_8$, and $w_0^\mathrm{de}$. In particular, we study
how the Camelus model--a fast stochastic algorithm for predicting peaks--can be
applied to such large surveys. We measure the peak count abundance in a mock
shear catalogue of ~5,000 sq. deg. using a multiscale mass map filtering
technique. We then constrain the parameters of the mock survey using Camelus
combined with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). We find that peak
statistics yield a tight but significantly biased constraint in the
$\sigma_8$-$\Omega_\mathrm{m}$ plane, indicating the need to better understand
and control the model's systematics. We calibrate the model to remove the bias
and compare results to those from the two-point correlation functions (2PCF)
measured on the same field. In this case, we find the derived parameter
$\Sigma_8=\sigma_8(\Omega_\mathrm{m}/0.27)^\alpha=0.76_{-0.03}^{+0.02}$ with
$\alpha=0.65$ for peaks, while for 2PCF the value is
$\Sigma_8=0.76_{-0.01}^{+0.02}$ with $\alpha=0.70$. We therefore see comparable
constraining power between the two probes, and the offset of their
$\sigma_8$-$\Omega_\mathrm{m}$ degeneracy directions suggests that a combined
analysis would yield tighter constraints than either measure alone. As
expected, $w_0^\mathrm{de}$ cannot be well constrained without a tomographic
analysis, but its degeneracy directions with the other two varied parameters
are still clear for both peaks and 2PCF. (abridged)


title: Sea quark QED effects and twisted mass fermions

abstract:
  We show that maximally twisted mass fermions can be employed to regularize on
the lattice the fully unquenched QCD+QED theory with vanishing $\theta$-term.
We discuss how the critical mass of the up and down quarks can be conveniently
determined beyond the electroquenched approximation by imposing that certain
symmetries of continuum QCD+QED, which are broken by Wilson terms, get restored
in the continuum limit. A mixed action setup is outlined that allows to extend
beyond the electroquenched approximation the computation (with only O($a^2$)
artifacts) of the leading isospin breaking corrections to physical observables
using the RM123 method and (pure QCD) ETMC gauge ensembles with $N_f=2+1+1$
dynamical quark flavours.


title:
Destructive quantum interference in electron transport: A reconciliation
  of the molecular orbital and the atomic orbital perspective

abstract:
  Destructive quantum interference (DQI) in single molecule electronics is a
purely quantum mechanical effect and entirely defined by inherent properties of
the molecule in the junction such as its structure and symmetry. This
definition of DQI by molecular properties alone suggests its relation to other
more general concepts in chemistry as well as the possibility of deriving
simple models for its understanding and molecular device design. Recently, two
such models have gained wide spread attention, where one was a graphical scheme
based on visually inspecting the connectivity of carbon sites in conjugated pi
systems in an atomic orbital (AO) basis and the other one put the emphasis on
the amplitudes and signs of the frontier molecular orbitals (MOs). There have
been discussions on the range of applicability for these schemes, but
ultimately conclusions from topological molecular Hamiltonians should not
depend on whether they are drawn from an AO or a MO representation, as long as
all the orbitals are taken into account. In this article we clarify the
relation between both models in terms of the zeroth order Green's function and
compare their predictions for a variety of systems. From this comparison we
conclude that for a correct description of DQI from a MO perspective it is
necessary to include the contributions from all MOs rather than just those from
the frontier orbitals. The cases where DQI effects can be successfully
predicted within a frontier orbital approximation we show to be limited to
alternant even-membered hydrocarbons, as a a direct consequence of the
Coulson-Rushbrooke pairing theorem in quantum chemistry.


title: Excited lepton baryogenesis

abstract:
  The excited leptons that share the quantum numbers with the Standard Model
leptons but have larger masses are widespread in many promising new physics
theories. A subclass of excited leptons that at low energies interact with the
SM fermions dominantly through the effective coupling to lepton and
fermion-antifermion pair can be referred as leptomesons. I introduce possible
generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe using these new particles.
The discussed baryogenesis mechanisms do not contradict to the small neutrino
masses and the proton stability, and can be interesting for the collider
experiments.


title:
From Cooper-pair glass to unconventional superconductivity: a unified
  approach to cuprates and pnictides

abstract:
  We report a microscopic model wherein the unconventional superconductivity
emerges from an incoherent `Cooper-pair glass' state. Driven by the pair-pair
interaction, a new type of quasi-Bose phase transition is at work. The
interaction leads to the unconventional coupling of the quasiparticles to
excited pair states, or `super-quasiparticles', with a non-retarded
energy-dependent gap. The model describes quantitatively the quasiparticle
excitation spectra of both cuprates and pnictides, including the universal
`peak-dip-hump' signatures, and for the pseudogap phase above $T_c$. The
results show that instantaneous pair-pair interactions account for the SC
condensation without a collective mode.


title:
Heavy quark state production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02
  TeV

abstract:
  We estimate differential rapidity cross sections for $J/\Psi$, $\Psi(2S)$,
$\Upsilon(1S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$, and $\Upsilon(3S)$ production via Pb-Pb
collisions at proton-proton energy $\equiv \sqrt{s_{pp}}$ =5.02 TeV. For the
$\Psi(2S)$, $\Upsilon(3S)$ states we use the mixed heavy quark hyrid theory,
with these states being approximately 50\% standard and 50\% hybrid charmonium,
bottomonium meson states. This is an extension of previous work on heavy quark
state production via Cu-Cu and Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{pp}}$=200 GeV.


title: Nuclear Reactions: Mechanism and Spectroscopy. Volume I

abstract:
  Volume I of two. This document could be of interest to anyone who wants to
have a comprehensive inside information about the research in nuclear physics
from its early beginnings to later years. It describes highlights of my
research work from the late 1950s to the late 1980s. It presents a panorama of
experimental and theoretical methods used in the study of nuclear reactions
(their mechanism and their application to the study of nuclear structure), the
panorama ranging from simple detection techniques used in the early research to
more complicated in later years, from simple theoretical interpretations to
more complicated descriptions. This document describes my research work in
Poland, Australia, Switzerland and Germany using various particle accelerators
and a wide range of experimental and theoretical techniques. It presents a
typical cross section of experimental and theoretical work in the early and
later stages of nuclear research in the field of nuclear reactions


title: Nuclear Reactions: Mechanism and Spectroscopy. Volume II

abstract:
  Volume II of two. This document could be of interest to anyone who wants to
have a comprehensive inside information about the research in nuclear physics
from its early beginnings to later years. It describes highlights of my
research work from the late 1950s to the late 1980s. It presents a panorama of
experimental and theoretical methods used in the study of nuclear reactions
(their mechanism and their application to the study of nuclear structure), the
panorama ranging from simple detection techniques used in the early research to
more complicated in later years, from simple theoretical interpretations to
more complicated descriptions. This document describes my research work in
Poland, Australia, Switzerland and Germany using various particle accelerators
and a wide range of experimental and theoretical techniques. It presents a
typical cross section of experimental and theoretical work in the early and
later stages of nuclear research in the field of nuclear reactions.


title:
Counting statistics of chaotic resonances at optical frequencies: theory
  and experiments

abstract:
  A deformed dielectric microcavity is used as an experimental platform for the
analysis of the statistics of chaotic resonances, in the perspective of testing
fractal Weyl laws at optical frequencies. In order to surmount the difficulties
that arise from reading strongly overlapping spectra, we exploit the mixed
nature of the phase space at hand, and only count the high-Q whispering-gallery
modes (WGMs) directly. That enables us to draw statistical information on the
more lossy chaotic resonances, coupled to the high-Q regular modes via
dynamical tunneling. Three different models [classical, Random-Matrix-Theory
(RMT) based, semiclassical] to interpret the experimental data are discussed.
On the basis of least-squares analysis, theoretical estimates of Ehrenfest
time, and independent measurements, we find that a semiclassically modified
RMT-based expression best describes the experiment in all its realizations,
particularly when the resonator is coupled to visible light, while RMT alone
still works quite well in the infrared. In this work we reexamine and
substantially extend the results of a short paper published earlier [L. Wang,
D. Lippolis, Z.-Y. Li, X.-F. Jiang, Q. Gong, and Y.-F. Xiao, Phys. Rev. E 93,
040201(R) (2016)].


title:
Generalized Sinkhorn iterations for regularizing inverse problems using
  optimal mass transport

abstract:
  The optimal mass transport problem gives a geometric framework for optimal
allocation, and has recently gained significant interest in application areas
such as signal processing, image processing, and computer vision. Even though
it can be formulated as a linear programming problem, it is in many cases
intractable for large problems due to the vast number of variables. A recent
development to address this builds on an approximation with an entropic barrier
term and solves the resulting optimization problem using Sinkhorn iterations.
In this work we extend this methodology to a class of inverse problems. In
particular we show that Sinkhorn-type iterations can be used to compute the
proximal operator of the transport problem for large problems. A splitting
framework is then used to solve inverse problems where the optimal mass
transport cost is used for incorporating a priori information. We illustrate
the method on problems in computerized tomography. In particular we consider a
limited-angle computerized tomography problem, where a priori information is
used to compensate for missing measurements.


title: Acoustic streaming in 2D freely suspended smectic liquid crystal film

abstract:
  We study a horizontal streaming excited by means of a low frequency and
intensity acoustic wave in 2D freely suspended film of thermotropic smectic
liquid crystal. Acoustic pressure induces fast periodic transverse oscillations
of the film, which produce in-plane stationary couples of vortices slowly
rotating in opposite directions owing to hydrodynamic nonlinearity. The
parameters of vortices are measured using a new method, based on tracking
disk-shaped island defects. The horizontal motion occurs only when the
amplitude of acoustic pressure exceeds threshold value, which can be explained
by Bingham-like behavior of the smectic film. The measurements above threshold
are in a good agreement with existing theoretical predictions. We have
demonstrated experimentally that in-plane flow is well controlled by changing
the acoustic pressure, excitation frequency and geometry of the film. The
observations open a way to use the phenomenon in various applications.


title: Computer Algebra and Material Design

abstract:
  This article is intended to an introductory lecture in material physics, in
which the modern computational group theory and the electronic structure
calculation are in collaboration. The effort of mathematicians in field of the
group theory, have ripened as a new trend, called "computer algebra", outcomes
of which now can be available as handy computational packages, and would also
be useful to physicists with practical purposes. This article, in the former
part, explains how to use the computer algebra for the applications in the
solid-state simulation, by means of one of the computer algebra package, the
GAP system. The computer algebra enables us to obtain various group theoretical
properties with ease, such as the representations, the character tables, the
subgroups, etc. Furthermore it would grant us a new perspective of material
design, which could be executed in mathematically rigorous and systematic way.
Some technical details and some computations which require the knowledge of a
little higher mathematics (but computable easily by the computer algebra) are
also given. The selected topics will provide the reader with some insights
toward the dominating role of the symmetry in crystal, or, the "mathematical
first principles" in it. In the latter part of the article, we analyze the
relation between the structural symmetry and the electronic structure in
C$_{60}$ (as an example to the sysmem without periodicity). The principal
object of the study is to illustrate the hierarchical change of the
quantum-physical properties of the molecule, in accordance with the reduction
of the symmetry (as it descends down in the ladder of subgroups). In order to
serve the common interest of the researchers, the details of the computations
(the required initial data and the small programs developed for the purpose)
are explained as minutely as possible.


title:
CP-violating decays of the pseudoscalars eta and eta' and their
  connection to the electric dipole moment of the neutron

abstract:
  Using the present upper bound on the neutron electric dipole moment, we give
an estimate for the upper limit of the CP-violating couplings of the eta(eta')
to the nucleon. Using this result, we then derive constraints on the
CP-violating eta(eta')-pi-pi couplings, which define the two-pion CP-violating
decays of the eta and eta' mesons. Our results are relevant for the running and
planned measurements of rare decays of the eta and eta' mesons by the GlueX
Collaboration at JLab and the LHCb Collaboration at CERN.


title: Three-dimensional Spin-3 Theories Based on General Kinematical Algebras

abstract:
  We initiate the study of non- and ultra-relativistic higher spin theories.
For sake of simplicity we focus on the spin-3 case in three dimensions. We
classify all kinematical algebras that can be obtained by all possible
In\"on\"u--Wigner contraction procedures of the kinematical algebra of spin-3
theory in three dimensional (anti-) de Sitter space-time. We demonstrate how to
construct associated actions of Chern--Simons type, directly in the
ultra-relativistic case and by suitable algebraic extensions in the
non-relativistic case. We show how to give these kinematical algebras an
infinite-dimensional lift by imposing suitable boundary conditions in a theory
we call "Carroll Gravity", whose asymptotic symmetry algebra turns out to be an
infinite-dimensional extension of the Carroll algebra.


title:
Random Process Theory Approach to Geometric Heterogeneous Surfaces:
  Effective Fluid-Solid Interaction

abstract:
  Realistic fluid-solid interaction potentials are essential in description of
confined fluids especially in the case of geometric heterogeneous surfaces.
Correlated random field is considered as a model of random surface with high
geometric roughness. We provide the general theory of effective coarse-grained
fluid-solid potential by proper averaging of the free energy of fluid molecules
which interact with the solid media. This procedure is largely based on the
theory of random processes. We apply first passage time probability problem and
assume the local Markov properties of random surfaces. General expression of
effective fluid-solid potential is obtained. In the case of small surface
irregularities analytical approximation for effective potential is proposed.
Both amorphous materials with large surface roughness and crystalline solids
with several types of fcc lattices are considered. It is shown that the wider
the lattice spacing in terms of molecular diameter of the fluid, the more
obtained potentials differ from classical ones. A comparison with published
Monte-Carlo simulations shows good qualitative agreement with the theory
predictions. The work provides a promising approach to explore how the random
geometric heterogeneity affects on thermodynamic properties of the fluids.


title: The Gamma Stein equation and non-central de Jong theorems

abstract:
  We study the Stein equation associated with the one-dimensional Gamma
distribution, and provide novel bounds, allowing one to effectively deal with
test functions supported by the whole real line. We apply our estimates to
derive new quantitative results involving random variables that are non-linear
functionals of random fields, namely: (i) a non-central quantitative de Jong
theorem for sequences of degenerate U-statistics satisfying minimal uniform
integrability conditions, significantly extending previous findings by de Jong
(1990), Nourdin, Peccati and Reinert (2010) and D\"obler and Peccati (2016),
(ii) a new Gamma approximation bound on the Poisson space, refining previous
estimates by Peccati and Th\"ale (2013), and (iii) new Gamma bounds on a
Gaussian space, strengthening estimates by Nourdin and Peccati (2009). As a
by-product of our analysis, we also deduce a new inequality for Gamma
approximations via exchangeable pairs, that is of independent interest.


title:
Non-differentiable solutions for local fractional nonlinear Riccati
  differential equations

abstract:
  We investigate local fractional nonlinear Riccati differential equations
(LFNRDE) by transforming them into local fractional linear ordinary
differential equations. The case of LFNRDE with constant coefficients is
considered and non-differentiable solutions for special cases obtained.


title:
Transition Rate and the Photoelectric Effect in the Presence of a
  Minimal Length

abstract:
  In this work, according to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) and
time- dependent perturbation theory, the transition rate in the present of a
minimal length based on the Kempf algebra is studied. Also, we find the
absorption cross section in the framework of GUP. The modified photoelectric
effect is investigated and we show that the differential cross section of
photoelectric effect in the frame work of GUP is related to the isotropic
minimal length scale. The upper bound on the isotropic minimal length is
estimated.


title:
Constraining the interaction between dark matter and dark energy with
  CMB data

abstract:
  We briefly discuss the intriguing case of a phenomenological
non-gravitational coupling in the dark sector, where the interaction is
parameterized as an energy transfer either from dark matter to dark energy or
the opposite. We show that a non-zero coupling with an energy flow from the
latter to the former leads to a full reconciliation of the tension between
high- and low-redshift observations present in the standard cosmological model.


title:
Optimal Control of time-discrete two-phase flow driven by a
  diffuse-interface model

abstract:
  We propose a general control framework for two-phase flows with variable
densities in the diffuse interface formulation, where the distribution of the
fluid components is described by a phase field. The flow is governed by the
diffuse interface model proposed in [Abels, Garcke, Gr\"un, M3AS
22(3):1150013(40), 2012]. On the basis of the stable time discretization
proposed in [Garcke, Hinze, Kahle, APPL NUMER MATH, 99:151--171, 2016] we
derive necessary optimality conditions for the time-discrete and the fully
discrete optimal control problem. We present numerical examples with
distributed and boundary controls, and also consider the case, where the
initial value of the phase field serves as control variable.


title:
LogLog-Beta and More: A New Algorithm for Cardinality Estimation Based
  on LogLog Counting

abstract:
  The information presented in this paper defines LogLog-Beta. LogLog-Beta is a
new algorithm for estimating cardinalities based on LogLog counting. The new
algorithm uses only one formula and needs no additional bias corrections for
the entire range of cardinalities, therefore, it is more efficient and simpler
to implement. Our simulations show that the accuracy provided by the new
algorithm is as good as or better than the accuracy provided by either of
HyperLogLog or HyperLogLog++. In addition to LogLog-Beta we also provide
another one-formula estimator for cardinalities based on order statistics, a
modification of an algorithm developed by Lumbroso.


title:
Supersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions with cubic
  dispersion

abstract:
  We introduce a lattice fermion model in one spatial dimension with
supersymmetry (SUSY) but without particle number conservation. The Hamiltonian
is defined as the anticommutator of two nilpotent supercharges $Q$ and
$Q^\dagger$. Each supercharge is built solely from spinless fermion operators
and depends on a parameter $g$. The system is strongly interacting for small
$g$, and in the extreme limit $g=0$, the number of zero-energy ground states
grows exponentially with the system size. By contrast, in the large-$g$ limit,
the system is non-interacting and SUSY is broken spontaneously. We study the
model for modest values of $g$ and show that under certain conditions
spontaneous SUSY breaking occurs in both finite and infinite chains. We analyze
the low-energy excitations both analytically and numerically. Our analysis
suggests that the Nambu-Goldstone fermions accompanying the spontaneous SUSY
breaking have cubic dispersion at low energies.

categories: cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th math-ph math.MP


title: On traces of operators, associated with actions of compact Lie groups

abstract:
  Given a pair $(M,X)$, where $X$ is a smooth submanifold in a closed smooth
manifold $M$, we study the operation, which takes each operator $D$ on the
ambient manifold to a certain operator on the submanifold. The latter operator
is called the trace of $D$. More precisely, we study traces of operators,
associated with actions of compact Lie groups on $M$. We show that traces of
such operators are localized at special submanifolds in $X$ and study the
structure of the traces on these submanifolds.


title: Global Hypothesis Generation for 6D Object Pose Estimation

abstract:
  This paper addresses the task of estimating the 6D pose of a known 3D object
from a single RGB-D image. Most modern approaches solve this task in three
steps: i) Compute local features; ii) Generate a pool of pose-hypotheses; iii)
Select and refine a pose from the pool. This work focuses on the second step.
While all existing approaches generate the hypotheses pool via local reasoning,
e.g. RANSAC or Hough-voting, we are the first to show that global reasoning is
beneficial at this stage. In particular, we formulate a novel fully-connected
Conditional Random Field (CRF) that outputs a very small number of
pose-hypotheses. Despite the potential functions of the CRF being non-Gaussian,
we give a new and efficient two-step optimization procedure, with some
guarantees for optimality. We utilize our global hypotheses generation
procedure to produce results that exceed state-of-the-art for the challenging
"Occluded Object Dataset".


title: The Runge-Kutta-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin Method

abstract:
  We demonstrate the effectiveness of a novel scheme for numerically solving
linear differential equations whose solutions exhibit extreme oscillation. We
take a standard Runge-Kutta approach, but replace the Taylor expansion formula
with a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method. The method is demonstrated by
application to the Airy equation, along with a more complicated
burst-oscillation case. Finally, we compare our scheme to existing approaches.


title: Thermodynamics of static: Observers in Gibbs paradox

abstract:
  In this work, Gibbs paradox was discussed from the view of observer. The
limitations of real observer are analyzed quantitatively. The entropy of mixing
was found to be determined by both the identification ability and the
information already in hand of an observer.


title:
On Dirac operators with electrostatic \delta-shell interactions of
  critical strength

abstract:
  In this paper we prove that the Dirac operator $A_\eta$ with an electrostatic
$\delta$-shell interaction of critical strength $\eta = \pm 2$ supported on a
$C^2$-smooth compact surface $\Sigma$ is self-adjoint in
$L^2(\mathbb{R}^3;\mathbb{C}^4)$, we describe the domain explicitly in terms of
traces and jump conditions in $H^{-1/2}(\Sigma; \mathbb{C}^4)$, and we
investigate the spectral properties of $A_\eta$. While the non-critical
interaction strengths $\eta \not= \pm 2$ have received a lot of attention in
the recent past, the critical case $\eta = \pm 2$ remained open. Our approach
is based on abstract techniques in extension theory of symmetric operators, in
particular, boundary triples and their Weyl functions.


title: Renormalization for singular-potential scattering

abstract:
  In the calculation of quantum-mechanical singular-potential scattering, one
encounters divergence. We suggest three renormalization schemes, dimensional
renormalization, analytic continuation approach, and minimal-subtraction scheme
to remove the divergence.


title:
Quantifying non-Markovianity due to driving and a finite-size
  environment in an open quantum system

abstract:
  We study non-Markovian effects present in a driven qubit coupled to a finite
environment using a recently proposed model developed in the context of
calorimetric measurements of open quantum systems. To quantify the degree of
non-Markovianity we use the Breuer-Laine-Piilo (BLP) measure [Breuer \textit{et
al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{103}, 210401 (2009)]. We show that information
backflow only occurs in the case of driving in which case we investigate the
dependence of memory effects on the environment size, driving amplitude and
coupling to the environment. We show that the degree of non-Markovianity
strongly depends on the ratio between the driving amplitude and the coupling
strength. We also show that the degree of non-Markovianity does not decrease
monotonically as a function of the environment size.


title:
Klein-Gordon equation for a charged particle in space varying
  electromagnetic fields-A systematic study via Laplace transform

abstract:
  Exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation for a charged particle in the
presence of three spatially varying electromagnetic fields, namely, (i)
$\vec{E}=\alpha\beta_0e^{-\alpha x_2}\hat{x}_2$,
$\vec{B}=\alpha\beta_1e^{-\alpha x_2}\hat{x}_3$ (ii)
$\vec{E}=\frac{\beta_0^{'}}{x_2^2}\hat{x}_2$,
$\vec{B}=\frac{\beta_1^{'}}{x_2^2}\hat{x}_3$, and (iii)
$\vec{E}=\frac{2\beta_0^{'}}{x_2^3}\hat{x}_2$,
$\vec{B}=\frac{2\beta_1^{'}}{x_2^3}\hat{x}_3$, are studied. All these fields
are generated from a systematic study of a particular type of differential
equation whose coefficients are linear in independent variable. The Laplace
transform approach is used to find the solutions and the corresponding
eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions
$\,_{1}F_{1}(a', b'; x)$ for first two cases of the above configurations while
the same are expressed in terms of the Bessel functions of first kind,
$J_{n}(x)$, for the last case


title: Results from TopFitter

abstract:
  We discuss a global fit of top quark BSM couplings, phrased in the
model-independent language of higher-dimensional effective operators, to the
currently available data from the LHC and Tevatron. We examine the interplay
between inclusive and differential measurements, and the complementarity of LHC
and Tevatron results. We conclude with a discussion of projections for
improvement over LHC Run II.


title: Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks

abstract:
  Cross-entropy loss together with softmax is arguably one of the most common
used supervision components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Despite
its simplicity, popularity and excellent performance, the component does not
explicitly encourage discriminative learning of features. In this paper, we
propose a generalized large-margin softmax (L-Softmax) loss which explicitly
encourages intra-class compactness and inter-class separability between learned
features. Moreover, L-Softmax not only can adjust the desired margin but also
can avoid overfitting. We also show that the L-Softmax loss can be optimized by
typical stochastic gradient descent. Extensive experiments on four benchmark
datasets demonstrate that the deeply-learned features with L-softmax loss
become more discriminative, hence significantly boosting the performance on a
variety of visual classification and verification tasks.


title: Status of CMSSM in light of current LHC Run-2 and LUX data

abstract:
  Motivated by the latest results of the LHC Run-2 and LUX experiments, we
examine the status of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model
(CMSSM) by performing a global fit. We construct a likelihood function
including the electroweak precision observables, $B$-physics measurements, LHC
Run-1 and -2 data of SUSY direct searches, Planck observation of the dark
matter relic density and the combined LUX Run-3 and -4 detection limits. Based
on the profile likelihood functions of 1 billion samples, we obtain the
following observations: (i) The stau coannihilation region has been mostly
excluded by the latest LHC Run-2 data; (ii) The focus point region has been
largely covered by the LUX-2016 limits while the $A$-funnel region has been
severely restricted by flavor observables like $B_s \to \mu^+\mu^-$. The
remaining parts of both regions will be totally covered by the future LZ dark
matter experiment; (iii) The masses of the stop, the lightest neutralino and
the gluino have been pushed up to 1033 GeV, 449 GeV and 2285 GeV, respectively.


title: Spatially Adaptive Computation Time for Residual Networks

abstract:
  This paper proposes a deep learning architecture based on Residual Network
that dynamically adjusts the number of executed layers for the regions of the
image. This architecture is end-to-end trainable, deterministic and
problem-agnostic. It is therefore applicable without any modifications to a
wide range of computer vision problems such as image classification, object
detection and image segmentation. We present experimental results showing that
this model improves the computational efficiency of Residual Networks on the
challenging ImageNet classification and COCO object detection datasets.
Additionally, we evaluate the computation time maps on the visual saliency
dataset cat2000 and find that they correlate surprisingly well with human eye
fixation positions.


title:
Individual Differential Privacy: A Utility-Preserving Formulation of
  Differential Privacy Guarantees

abstract:
  Differential privacy is a popular privacy model within the research community
because of the strong privacy guarantee it offers, namely that the presence or
absence of any individual in a data set does not significantly influence the
results of analyses on the data set. However, enforcing this strict guarantee
in practice significantly distorts data and/or limits data uses, thus
diminishing the analytical utility of the differentially private results. In an
attempt to address this shortcoming, several relaxations of differential
privacy have been proposed that trade off privacy guarantees for improved data
utility. In this work, we argue that the standard formalization of differential
privacy is stricter than required by the intuitive privacy guarantee it seeks.
In particular, the standard formalization requires indistinguishability of
results between any pair of neighbor data sets, while indistinguishability
between the actual data set and its neighbor data sets should be enough. This
limits the data controller's ability to adjust the level of protection to the
actual data, hence resulting in significant accuracy loss. In this respect, we
propose individual differential privacy, an alternative differential privacy
notion that offers em the same privacy guarantees as standard differential
privacy to individuals (even though not to groups of individuals). This new
notion allows the data controller to adjust the distortion to the actual data
set, which results in less distortion and more analytical accuracy. We propose
several mechanisms to attain individual differential privacy and we compare the
new notion against standard differential privacy in terms of the accuracy of
the analytical results.


title:
Non-Local Order Parameters as a Probe for Phase Transitions in the
  Extended Fermi-Hubbard Model

abstract:
  The Extended Fermi-Hubbard model is a rather studied Hamiltonian due to both
its many applications and a rich phase diagram. Here we prove that all the
phase transitions encoded in its one dimensional version are detectable via
non-local operators related to charge and spin fluctuations. The main advantage
in using them is that, in contrast to usual local operators, their asymptotic
average value is finite only in the appropriate gapped phases. This makes them
powerful and accurate probes to detect quantum phase transitions. Our results
indeed confirm that they are able to properly capture both the nature and the
location of the transitions. Relevantly, this happens also for conducting
phases with a spin gap, thus providing an order parameter for the
identification of superconducting and paired superfluid phases


title:
Efficient Construction of Test-Inversion Confidence Intervals Using
  Quantile Regression, With Application To Population Genetics

abstract:
  Modern problems in statistics tend to include estimators of high
computational complexity and with complicated distributions. Statistical
inference on such estimators usually relies on asymptotic normality
assumptions, however, such assumptions are often not applicable for available
sample sizes, due to dependencies in the data and other causes. A common
alternative is the use of re-sampling procedures, such as the bootstrap, but
these may be computationally intensive to an extent that renders them
impractical for modern problems. In this paper we develop a method for fast
construction of test-inversion bootstrap confidence intervals. Our approach
uses quantile regression to model the quantile of an estimator conditional on
the true value of the parameter, and we apply it on the Watterson estimator of
mutation rate in a standard coalescent model. We demonstrate an improved
efficiency of up to 40% from using quantile regression compared to state of the
art methods based on stochastic approximation, as measured by the number of
simulations required to achieve comparable accuracy.


title: The Time Derivative in a Singular Parabolic Equation

abstract:
  We study the Evolutionary p-Laplace Equation in the singular case 1 < p < 2.
We prove that a weak solution has a time derivative in Sobolev's sense and that
the time derivative is locally summable to some power > 1.


title: Small energy traveling waves for the Euler-Korteweg system

abstract:
  We investigate the existence and properties of traveling waves for the
Euler-Korteweg system with general capillarity and pressure. Our main result is
the existence in dimension two of waves with arbitrarily small energy. They are
obtained as minimizers of a modified energy with fixed momentum. The proof
follows various ideas developed for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (and more
generally nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations with non zero limit at infinity).
Even in the Schr\"odinger case, the fact that we work with the hydrodynamical
variables and a general pressure law both brings new difficulties and some
simplifications. Independently, in dimension one we prove that the criterion
for the linear instability of traveling waves from [6] actually implies
nonlinear instability.


title: Protected State Transfer via an Approximate Quantum Adder

abstract:
  We propose a decoherence protected protocol for sending single photon quantum
states through depolarizing channels. This protocol is implemented via an
approximate quantum adder engineered through spontaneous parametric down
converters, and shows higher success probability than distilled quantum
teleportation protocols for distances below a threshold depending on the
properties of the channel.


title:
Asymptotic Expansions and Conformal Covariance of the Mass of Conformal
  Differential Operators

abstract:
  We give an explicit description of the full asymptotic expansion of the
Schwartz kernel of the complex powers of $m$-Laplace type operators $L$ on
compact Riemannian manifolds in terms of Riesz distributions. The constant term
in this asymptotic expansion turns turns out to be given by the local zeta
function of $L$. In particular, the constant term in the asymptotic expansion
of the Green's function $L^{-1}$ is often called the mass of $L$, which (in
case that $L$ is the Yamabe operator) is an important invariant, namely a
positive multiple of the ADM mass of a certain asymptotically flat manifold
constructed out of the given data. We show that for general conformally
invariant $m$-Laplace operators $L$ (including the GJMS operators), this mass
is a conformal invariant in the case that the dimension of $M$ is odd and that
$\ker L = 0$, and we give a precise description of the failure of the conformal
invariance in the case that these conditions are not satisfied.


title:
On the $h$-adaptive PUM and the $hp$-adaptive FEM approaches applied to
  PDEs in quantum mechanics

abstract:
  In this paper the $h$-adaptive partition-of-unity method and the $h$- and
$hp$-adaptive finite element method are applied to partial differential
equations arising in quantum mechanics, namely, the Schr\"odinger equation with
Coulomb and harmonic potentials, and the Poisson problem. Implementational
details of the partition-of-unity method related to enforcing continuity with
hanging nodes and the degeneracy of the basis are discussed. The
partition-of-unity method is equipped with an a posteriori error estimator,
thus enabling implementation of error-controlled adaptive mesh refinement
strategies. To that end, local interpolation error estimates are derived for
the partition-of-unity method enriched with a class of exponential functions.
The results are the same as for the finite element method and thereby admit the
usage of standard residual error indicators. The efficiency of the $h$-adaptive
partition-of-unity method is compared to the $h$- and $hp$-adaptive finite
element method. The latter is implemented by adopting the analyticity estimate
from Legendre coefficients. An extension of this approach to multiple solution
vectors is proposed. Numerical results confirm the remarkable accuracy of the
$h$-adaptive partition-of-unity approach. In case of the Hydrogen atom, the
$h$-adaptive linear partition-of-unity method was found to be comparable to the
$hp$-adaptive finite element method for the target eigenvalue accuracy of
$10^{-3}$.


title:
Maximum entropy analytic continuation for frequency-dependent transport
  coefficients with non-positive spectral weight

abstract:
  The computation of transport coefficients, even in linear response, is a
major challenge for theoretical methods that rely on analytic continuation of
correlations functions obtained numerically in Matsubara space. While maximum
entropy methods can be used for certain correlation functions, this is not
possible in general, important examples being the Seebeck, Hall, Nernst and
Reggi-Leduc coefficients. Indeed, positivity of the spectral weight on the
positive real-frequency axis is not guaranteed in these cases. The spectral
weight can even be complex in the presence of broken time-reversal symmetry.
Various workarounds, such as the neglect of vertex corrections or the study of
the infinite frequency or Kelvin limits have been proposed. Here, we show that
one can define auxiliary response functions that allow to extract the desired
real-frequency susceptibilities from maximum entropy methods in the most
general multiorbital cases with no particular symmetry. As a benchmark case, we
study the longitudinal thermoelectric response and corresponding Onsager
coefficient in the single-band two-dimensional Hubbard model treated with
dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo
(CTQMC). We thereby extend to transport coefficients the maximum entropy
analytic continuation with auxiliary functions (MaxEntAux method), developed
for the study of the superconducting pairing dynamics of correlated materials.


title: Over-the-air Function Computation in Sensor Networks

abstract:
  Many sensor applications are interested in computing a function over
measurements (e.g., sum, average, max) as opposed to collecting all sensor
data. Today, such data aggregation is done in a cluster-head. Sensor nodes
transmit their values sequentially to a cluster-head node, which calculates the
aggregation function and forwards it to the base station. In contrast, this
paper explores the possibility of computing a desired function over the air. We
devise a solution that enables sensors to transmit coherently over the wireless
medium so that the cluster-head directly receives the value of the desired
function. We present analysis and preliminary results that demonstrate that
such a design yield a large improvement in network throughput.


title:
Comparison morphisms between two projective resolutions of monomial
  algebras

abstract:
  We construct comparison morphisms between two well-known projective
resolutions of a monomial algebra $A$: the bar resolution and Bardzell's
resolution; the first one is used to define the cup product and the Lie bracket
on the Hochschild cohomology $HH^*(A)$ and the second one has been shown to be
an efficient tool for computations of these cohomology groups. The constructed
comparison morphisms allow us to show that the cup product restricted to even
degrees of the Hochschild cohomology has a very simple description. Moreover,
for $A=k Q/I$ a monomial algebra such that $dim_k \ e_i A e_j = 1$ whenever
there exists an arrow $\alpha: i \to j \in Q_1$, we describe the Lie action of
the Lie algebra $HH^1(A)$ on $HH^{\ast}(A)$.


title: Degenerate Raman sideband cooling of 39K

abstract:
  We report on the first realization of sub-Doppler laser cooling of 39K atoms
using degenerate 3D Raman sideband cooling. We take advantage of the
well-resolved excited hyperfine states on the D1 optical transition to produce
spin polarized samples with $1.4 \times 10^8$ atoms at temperatures of 1.8
$\mu$K. The phase-space densities are $\geq 10^{-4}$, which significantly
improves the initial conditions for a subsequent evaporative cooling step. The
presented cooling technique using the D1 line can be adapted to other atomic
species and is applicable to high-resolution imaging schemes in far
off-resonant optical lattices.


title:
Extend natural neighbor: a novel classification method with
  self-adaptive neighborhood parameters in different stages

abstract:
  Various kinds of k-nearest neighbor (KNN) based classification methods are
the bases of many well-established and high-performance pattern-recognition
techniques, but both of them are vulnerable to their parameter choice.
Essentially, the challenge is to detect the neighborhood of various data sets,
while utterly ignorant of the data characteristic. This article introduces a
new supervised classification method: the extend natural neighbor (ENaN)
method, and shows that it provides a better classification result without
choosing the neighborhood parameter artificially. Unlike the original KNN based
method which needs a prior k, the ENaNE method predicts different k in
different stages. Therefore, the ENaNE method is able to learn more from
flexible neighbor information both in training stage and testing stage, and
provide a better classification result.


title: Selected Topics from Top Mass Measurements at the Tevatron

abstract:
  The most recent results of the top-quark mass measurements at the Tevatron at
Fermilab are presented. Data were collected in proton-antiproton collisions at
sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV by the CDF and D0 experiments. Top quark mass measurements in
the lepton+jets, dilepton and alljet final states as well as their combination
and the extraction of the mass from the cross-section measurement are
presented.


title:
Game options with gradual exercise and cancellation under proportional
  transaction costs

abstract:
  Game (Israeli) options in a multi-asset market model with proportional
transaction costs are studied in the case when the buyer is allowed to exercise
the option and the seller has the right to cancel the option gradually at a
mixed (or randomised) stopping time, rather than instantly at an ordinary
stopping time. Allowing gradual exercise and cancellation leads to increased
flexibility in hedging, and hence tighter bounds on the option price as
compared to the case of instantaneous exercise and cancellation. Algorithmic
constructions for the bid and ask prices, and the associated superhedging
strategies and optimal mixed stopping times for both exercise and cancellation
are developed and illustrated. Probabilistic dual representations for bid and
ask prices are also established.


title:
Direct observation of dispersive lower Hubbard band in iron-based
  superconductor FeSe

abstract:
  Electronic correlations were long suggested not only to be responsible for
the complexity of many novel materials, but also to form essential
prerequisites for their intriguing properties. Electronic behavior of
iron-based superconductors is far from conventional, while the reason for that
is not yet understood. Here we present a combined study of the electronic
spectrum in the iron-based superconductor FeSe by means of angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Both
methods in unison reveal strong deviations of the spectrum from single-electron
approximation for the whole 3$d$ band of iron: not only the well separated
coherent and incoherent parts of the spectral weight are observed, but also a
noticeable dispersion of the lower Hubbard band (LHB) is clearly present. This
way we demonstrate correlations of the most puzzling intermediate coupling
strength in iron superconductors.


title: Productive, Anxious, Lonely - 24 Hours Without Push Notifications

abstract:
  We report from the Do Not Disturb Challenge where 30 volunteers disabled
notification alerts for 24 hours across all devices. The effect of the absence
of notifications on the participants was isolated through an experimental study
design: we compared self-reported feedback from the day without notifications
against a baseline day. The evidence indicates that notifications have locked
us in a dilemma: without notifications, participants felt less distracted and
more productive. But, they also felt no longer able to be as responsive as
expected, which made some participants anxious. And, they felt less connected
with one's social group. In contrast to previous reports, about two third of
the participants expressed the intention to change how they manage
notifications. Two years later, half of the participants are still following
through with their plans.


title: Nearly Random Designs with Greatly Improved Balance

abstract:
  We present a new experimental design procedure that divides a set of
experimental units into two groups so that the two groups are balanced on a
prespecified set of covariates and being almost as random as complete
randomization. Under complete randomization, the difference in covariate
balance as measured by the standardized average between treatment and control
will be $O_p(n^{-1/2})$. If the sample size is not too large this may be
material. In this article, we present an algorithm which greedily switches
assignment pairs. Resultant designs produce balance of the much lower order
$O_p(n^{-3})$ for one covariate. However, our algorithm creates assignments
which are, strictly speaking, non-random. We introduce two metrics which
capture departures from randomization: one in the style of entropy and one in
the style of standard error and demonstrate our assignments are nearly as
random as complete randomization in terms of both measures. The results are
extended to more than one covariate, simulations are provided to illustrate the
results and statistical inference under our design is discussed. We provide an
open source R package available on CRAN called GreedyExperimentalDesign which
generates designs according to our algorithm.


title: Can flaring stars explain the annihilation line from the Galaxy bulge?

abstract:
  Electron-positron annihilation line from a Galactic center direction was
discovered by the balloon-borne germanium gamma-ray telescope, and confirmed by
OSSE experiment of CGRO mission. Extensive observations by INTEGRAL observatory
permit to determine properties of the annihilation line from Galactic bulge.
Possible sources of $e^{+}$ already discussed are supernovae explosions,
microquasars, gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption events, activity near black
hole of Sgr A*, $e^{+}$ generation by subrelativistic cosmic rays, or even dark
matter. One remarkable feature of the line emission is an absence of resolved
point like sources. Any model should take into account this feature. We
consider flares of low-mass stars as a possible cumulative $e^{+}$ source of
the observed annihilation line from the bulge. Our estimations show that
$e^{+}$ production by numerous flaring stars in Galaxy bulge can be
significant, or even the main source of $e^{+}$ responsible for the
annihilation line observed from the central part of our Galaxy.


title: A Matrix Splitting Method for Composite Function Minimization

abstract:
  Composite function minimization captures a wide spectrum of applications in
both computer vision and machine learning. It includes bound constrained
optimization and cardinality regularized optimization as special cases. This
paper proposes and analyzes a new Matrix Splitting Method (MSM) for minimizing
composite functions. It can be viewed as a generalization of the classical
Gauss-Seidel method and the Successive Over-Relaxation method for solving
linear systems in the literature. Incorporating a new Gaussian elimination
procedure, the matrix splitting method achieves state-of-the-art performance.
For convex problems, we establish the global convergence, convergence rate, and
iteration complexity of MSM, while for non-convex problems, we prove its global
convergence. Finally, we validate the performance of our matrix splitting
method on two particular applications: nonnegative matrix factorization and
cardinality regularized sparse coding. Extensive experiments show that our
method outperforms existing composite function minimization techniques in term
of both efficiency and efficacy.


title:
Effects of spatial and temporal noise on a cubic-autocatalytic
  reaction-diffusion model

abstract:
  We characterize the influence that external noise, with both spatial and
temporal correlations, has on the scale dependence of the reaction parameters
of a cubic autocatalytic reaction diffusion (CARD) system. Interpreting the
CARD model as a primitive reaction scheme for a living system, the results
indicate that power-law correlations in environmental fluctuations can either
decrease or increase the rates of nutrient decay and the rate of autocatalysis
(replication) on small spatial and temporal scales.


title: Andromeda chained to the Box -- Dynamical Models for M31: Bulge & Bar

abstract:
  Andromeda is our nearest neighbouring disk galaxy and a prime target for
detailed modelling of the evolutionary processes that shape galaxies. We
analyse the nature of M31's triaxial bulge with an extensive set of N-body
models, which include Box/Peanut (B/P) bulges as well as initial classical
bulges (ICBs). Comparing with IRAC 3.6$\mu m$ data, only one model matches
simultaneously all the morphological properties of M31's bulge, and requires an
ICB and a B/P bulge with 1/3 and 2/3 of the total bulge mass respectively. We
find that our pure B/P bulge models do not show concentrations high enough to
match the S\'ersic index ($n$) and the effective radius of M31's bulge.
Instead, the best model requires an ICB component with mass $M^{\rm
ICB}=1.1\times10^{10}{\rm M_{\odot}}$ and three-dimensional half-mass radius
$r_{\rm half}^{\rm ICB}$=0.53 kpc (140 arcsec). The B/P bulge component has a
mass of $M^{\rm B/P}=2.2\times10^{10}{\rm M_{\odot}}$ and a half-mass radius of
$r_{\rm half}^{\rm B/P}$=1.3 kpc (340 arcsec). The model's B/P bulge extends to
$r^{\rm B/P}$=3.2 kpc (840 arcsec) in the plane of the disk, as does M31's
bulge. In this composite bulge model, the ICB component explains the velocity
dispersion drop observed in the centre within $R<$190 pc (50 arcsec), while the
B/P bulge component reproduces the observed rapid rotation and the kinematic
twist of the observed zero velocity line. This model's pattern speed is
$\Omega_p$=38 km/s/kpc, placing corotation at $r_{\rm cor}$=5.8 kpc (1500
arcsec). The outer Lindblad resonance (OLR) is then at $r_{\rm OLR}$=10.4kpc,
near the 10kpc-ring of M31, suggesting that this structure may be related to
the bar's OLR. By comparison with an earlier snapshot, we estimate that M31's
thin bar extends to $r_{\rm bar}^{\rm thin}\sim$4.0 kpc (1000 arcsec) in the
disk plane, and in projection extends to $R_{\rm bar}^{\rm thin}\sim$2.3 kpc
(600 arcsec).


title: An Energy Efficiency Perspective on Massive MIMO Quantization

abstract:
  One of the basic aspects of Massive MIMO (MaMi) that is in the focus of
current investigations is its potential of using low-cost and energy-efficient
hardware. It is often claimed that MaMi will allow for using analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) with very low resolutions and that this will result in
overall improvement of energy efficiency. In this contribution, we perform a
parametric energy efficiency analysis of MaMi uplink for the entire base
station receiver system with varying ADC resolutions. The analysis shows that,
for a wide variety of system parameters, ADCs with intermediate bit resolutions
(4 - 10 bits) are optimal in energy efficiency sense, and that using very low
bit resolutions results in degradation of energy efficiency.


title: Interlacing adjacent levels of $\beta$--Jacobi corners processes

abstract:
  We study the asymptotics of the global fluctuations for the difference
between two adjacent levels in the $\beta$--Jacobi corners process (multilevel
and general $\beta$ extension of the classical Jacobi ensemble of random
matrices). The limit is identified with the derivative of the $2d$ Gaussian
Free Field. Our main tools are integral forms for the (Macdonald-type)
difference operators originating from the shuffle algebra.

categories: math.PR math-ph math.CO math.MP math.QA math.RT


title: On the Bargmann-Radon transform in the monogenic setting

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce and study a Bargmann-Radon transform on the real
monogenic Bargmann module. This transform is defined as the projection of the
real Bargmann module on the closed submodule of monogenic functions spanned by
the monogenic plane waves. We prove that this projection can be written in
integral form in terms the so-called Bargmann-Radon kernel. Moreover, we have a
characterization formula for the Bargmann-Radon transform of a function in the
real Bargmann module in terms of its complex extension and then its restriction
to the nullcone in $\mathbb C^m$. We also show that the formula holds for the
Szeg\H{o}-Radon transform that we introduced in [4] (see list of references).
Finally, we define the dual transform and we provide an inversion formula.


title:
Derivation of a generalized Schr\"odinger equation from the theory of
  scale relativity

abstract:
  Using Nottale's theory of scale relativity relying on a fractal space-time,
we derive a generalized Schr\"odinger equation taking into account the
interaction of the system with the external environment. This equation
describes the irreversible evolution of the system towards a static quantum
state. We first interpret the scale-covariant equation of dynamics stemming
from Nottale's theory as a hydrodynamic viscous Burgers equation for a
potential flow involving a complex velocity field and an imaginary viscosity.
We show that the Schr\"odinger equation can be directly obtained from this
equation by performing a Cole-Hopf transformation equivalent to the WKB
transformation. We then introduce a friction force proportional and opposite to
the complex velocity in the scale-covariant equation of dynamics in a way that
preserves the local conservation of the normalization condition. We find that
the resulting generalized Schr\"odinger equation, or the corresponding fluid
equations obtained from the Madelung transformation, involve not only a damping
term but also an effective thermal term. The friction coefficient and the
temperature are related to the real and imaginary parts of the complex friction
coefficient in the scale-covariant equation of dynamics. This may be viewed as
a form of fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We show that our generalized
Schr\"odinger equation satisfies an $H$-theorem for the quantum Boltzmann free
energy. As a result, the probability distribution relaxes towards an
equilibrium state which can be viewed as a Boltzmann distribution including a
quantum potential. We propose to apply this generalized Schr\"odinger equation
to dark matter halos in the Universe, possibly made of self-gravitating
Bose-Einstein condensates.


title:
Evolving Powergrids in Self-Organized Criticality: An analogy with
  Sandpile and Earthquakes

abstract:
  The stability of powergrid is crucial since its disruption affects systems
ranging from street lightings to hospital life-support systems. Nevertheless,
large blackouts are inevitable if powergrids are in the state of self-organized
criticality (SOC). In this paper, we introduce a simple model of evolving
powergrid and establish its connection with the sandpile model, i.e. a
prototype of SOC, and earthquakes, i.e. a system considered to be in SOC.
Various aspects are examined, including the power-law distribution of blackout
magnitudes, their inter-event waiting time, the predictability of large
blackouts, as well as the spatial-temporal rescaling of blackout data. We
verified our observations on simulated networks as well as the IEEE 118-bus
system, and show that both simulated and empirical blackout waiting times can
be rescaled in space and time similarly to those observed between earthquakes.
Finally, we suggested proactive maintenance strategies to drive the powergrids
away from SOC to suppress large blackouts.


title:
Electromagnetic Field and Cylindrical Compact Objects in Modified
  Gravity

abstract:
  In this paper, we have investigated the role of different fluid parameters
particularly electromagnetic field and $f(R)$ corrections on the evolution of
cylindrical compact object. We have explored the modified field equations,
kinematical quantities and dynamical equations. An expression for the mass
function has been found in comparison with the Misner-Sharp formalism in
modified gravity, after which different mass radius diagrams are drawn. The
coupled dynamical transport equation have been formulated to discuss the role
of thermoinertial effects on the inertial mass density of the cylindrical
relativistic interior. Finally, we have presented a framework, according to
which all possible solutions of the metric $f(R)$-Maxwell field equations
coupled with static fluid can be written through set of scalar functions. It is
found that modified gravity induced by Lagrangians $f(R)=\alpha
R^2,~f(R)=\alpha R^2-\beta R$ and $f(R)=\frac{\alpha R^2-\beta R}{1+\gamma R}$
are likely to host more massive cylindrical compact objects with smaller radii
as compared to GR.


title: Dark matter from dark energy in q-theory

abstract:
  A constant (spacetime-independent) $q$-field may play a crucial role for the
cancellation of Planck-scale contributions to the gravitating vacuum energy
density. We now show that a small spacetime-dependent perturbation of the
equilibrium $q$-field behaves gravitationally as a pressureless perfect fluid.
This makes the fluctuating part of the $q$-field a candidate for the inferred
dark-matter component of the present universe. For a Planck-scale oscillation
frequency of the $q$-field perturbation, the implication would be that direct
searches for dark-matter particles would remain unsuccessful in the foreseeable
future.


title: Distributed Coverage Maximization via Sketching

abstract:
  Coverage problems are central in optimization and have a wide range of
applications in data mining and machine learning. While several distributed
algorithms have been developed for coverage problems, the existing methods
suffer from several limitations, e.g., they all achieve either suboptimal
approximation guarantees or suboptimal space and memory complexities. In
addition, previous algorithms developed for submodular maximization assume
oracle access, and ignore the computational complexity of communicating large
subsets or computing the size of the union of the subsets in this subfamily. In
this paper, we develop an improved distributed algorithm for the $k$-cover and
the set cover with $\lambda$ outliers problems, with almost optimal
approximation guarantees, almost optimal memory complexity, and linear
communication complexity running in only four rounds of computation. Finally,
we perform an extensive empirical study of our algorithms on a number of
publicly available real data sets, and show that using sketches of size $30$ to
$600$ times smaller than the input, one can solve the coverage maximization
problem with quality very close to that of the state-of-the-art single-machine
algorithm.


title:
Experimental confirmation of the transversal symmetry breaking in laser
  profiles

abstract:
  The Snell phase effects on the propagation of optical beams through
dielectric blocks have been matter of recent theoretical studies. The effects
of this phase on the laser profiles have been tested in our experiment. The
data show an excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions confirming
the axial spreading modification and the transversal symmetry breaking. The
possibility to set, by rotating the dielectric blocks, different configurations
allows to recover the transversal symmetry. Based on this experimental
evidence, dielectric blocks can be used as alternative optical tools to control
the beam profile.


title:
Revising the applicability of the Stone-von Neumann theorem to
  scattering a quantum particle on a one-dimensional potential barrier

abstract:
  It is shown that the Stone-von Neumann theorem is inapplicable to scattering
a quantum nonrelativistic particle on a one-dimensional "short-range" potential
barrier, since the unboundedness of the position operator plays here a crucial
role. The Shcr\"odinger representation associated with this process is
reducible: long before and long after the scattering event the space of its
asymptotes represents the direct sum of the subspaces of left and right
asymptotes. There is a dichotomous-context-induced superselection rule (SSR),
in which the role of a superselection operator is played by the Pauli matrix
$\sigma_3$ and the role of superselection (coherent) sectors is played by the
above subspaces. By the SSR any superposition of states from different coherent
sectors is a mixed state, and splitting the incident wave packet into the
transmitted and reflected parts is nothing but a conversion of a pure state
into a mixed one. The average values of any observable can be defined only for
the transmission and reflection subprocesses. The former evolves within a
single coherent sector of the Hilbert space, in the momentum representation;
while the latter evolves within a single coherent sector of this space, in the
coordinate representation.


title: On some AC^{\perp} manifolds

abstract:
  We give a description of Gray AC^{\perp} manifolds $(M,g)$ whose Ricci tensor
has two eigenvalues of multiplicity 1 and dim M-1.


title: Diffusion of charged particles in a stochastic force-free magnetic field

abstract:
  We study diffusion of charged particles in stationary stochastic magnetic
field ${\bf B}$ with zero mean, $\langle {\bf B} \rangle = 0 $. In the case
when electric current is carried by electrons, the field is force-free,
$\mathrm{curl} \,{\bf B} = \alpha{\bf B} $, where $\alpha({\bf r})$ is an
arbitrary scalar function. In a small region where the function $\alpha $ and
the field magnitude $|{\bf B}|$ are approximately constant, the equations of
motion of charged particles are integrated and reduced to the equation of
mathematical pendulum. The transition from trapped to untrapped particles is
continuously traced. Averaging over the magnetic field spectrum gives the
spatial diffusion coefficient $D$ of particles as a function of the Larmor
radius $r_L$ in the large-scale magnetic fields ($B_{LS}$) and magnetic field
correlation length $L_0$. The diffusion coefficient turns out to be
proportional to the Larmor radius, $D\propto r_L $, for $r_L <L_0 / 2\pi $, and
to the Larmor radius squared, $ D \propto r_L^2 $, for $ r_L> L_0 /2\pi $. We
apply obtained results to the diffusion of cosmic rays in the Galaxy, which
contains a large number of independent regions with parameters $L_0$ and
$B_{LS}$ varying in wide range. We average over $B_{LS}$ with the Kolmogorov
spectrum and over $L_0$ with the distribution function $f(L_0)\propto L_0^{- 1+
\sigma}$. For the practically flat spectrum $\sigma = 1/15$, we have $ D\propto
r_m^{0.7}$, which is consistent with observations.


title: Universal relations for a spin-polarized Fermi gas in two dimensions

abstract:
  We derive the full set of universal relations for spin-polarized Fermi gases
with $p$-wave interaction in two dimensions, simply using the short-range
asymptotic behavior of fermion-pair wave functions. For $p$-wave interactions,
an additional contact related to the effective range needs to be introduced,
besides the one related to the scattering volume. Since the subleading tail
($k^{-4}$) of the large-momentum distribution cannot fully be captured by the
contacts defined by the adiabatic relations, an extra term resulted from the
center-of-mass motions of the pairs gives rise to an additional divergence in
the kinetic energy of the system, besides those related to the contacts
defined. We show in Tan's energy theorem that if only two-body correlations are
taken into account, all these divergences are reasonably removed, leading to a
finite internal energy of the system. In addition, we find that all the other
universal relations, such as the high-frequency behavior of the radio-frequency
response, short-range behavior of the pair correlation function, generalized
virial theorem, and pressure relation, remain unaffected by the center-of-mass
motions of the pairs, and are fully governed by the contacts defined by the
adiabatic relations. Our results confirm the feasibility of generalizing the
contact theory for higher-partial-wave scatterings, and could readily be
confirmed in current experiments with ultracold $^{40}$K and $^{6}$Li atoms.


title: Hodge-GUE correspondence and the discrete KdV equation

abstract:
  We prove the conjectural relationship recently proposed in [9] between
certain special cubic Hodge integrals of the Gopakumar--Mari\~no--Vafa type
[17, 28] and GUE correlators, and the conjecture proposed in [7] that the
partition function of these Hodge integrals is a tau function of the discrete
KdV hierarchy.


title:
Robust Low-Complexity Randomized Methods for Locating Outliers in Large
  Matrices

abstract:
  This paper examines the problem of locating outlier columns in a large,
otherwise low-rank matrix, in settings where {}{the data} are noisy, or where
the overall matrix has missing elements. We propose a randomized two-step
inference framework, and establish sufficient conditions on the required sample
complexities under which these methods succeed (with high probability) in
accurately locating the outliers for each task. Comprehensive numerical
experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical bounds and
demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


title: Pano2Vid: Automatic Cinematography for Watching 360$^{\circ}$ Videos

abstract:
  We introduce the novel task of Pano2Vid $-$ automatic cinematography in
panoramic 360$^{\circ}$ videos. Given a 360$^{\circ}$ video, the goal is to
direct an imaginary camera to virtually capture natural-looking normal
field-of-view (NFOV) video. By selecting "where to look" within the panorama at
each time step, Pano2Vid aims to free both the videographer and the end viewer
from the task of determining what to watch. Towards this goal, we first compile
a dataset of 360$^{\circ}$ videos downloaded from the web, together with
human-edited NFOV camera trajectories to facilitate evaluation. Next, we
propose AutoCam, a data-driven approach to solve the Pano2Vid task. AutoCam
leverages NFOV web video to discriminatively identify space-time "glimpses" of
interest at each time instant, and then uses dynamic programming to select
optimal human-like camera trajectories. Through experimental evaluation on
multiple newly defined Pano2Vid performance measures against several baselines,
we show that our method successfully produces informative videos that could
conceivably have been captured by human videographers.


title: Neural Turing Machines: Convergence of Copy Tasks

abstract:
  The architecture of neural Turing machines is differentiable end to end and
is trainable with gradient descent methods. Due to their large unfolded depth
Neural Turing Machines are hard to train and because of their linear access of
complete memory they do not scale. Other architectures have been studied to
overcome these difficulties. In this report we focus on improving the quality
of prediction of the original linear memory architecture on copy and repeat
copy tasks. Copy task predictions on sequences of length six times larger than
those the neural Turing machine was trained on prove to be highly accurate and
so do predictions of repeat copy tasks for sequences with twice the repetition
number and twice the sequence length neural Turing machine was trained on.


title: Thermodynamics of strongly interacting plasma with high accuracy

abstract:
  The equation of state of $SU(3)$ Yang-Mills theory is investigated in the
framework of a moving reference frame. Results for the entropy density, the
pressure, the energy density, and the trace anomaly are presented for
temperatures ranging from 0 to 230 $T_c$, with $T_c$ the deconfinement
temperature. The entropy density is the primary observable that has been
measured and form which the other thermodynamic quantities are obtained. At
least 4 different values of the lattice spacing have been considered at each
physical temperature in order to extrapolate to the continuum limit. The final
accuracy is 0.5%, increasing to about 1% close to the phase transition. A
detailed comparison with the results available in the literature is discussed.


title:
Size-Resolved Photoelectron Anisotropy of Gas Phase Water Clusters and
  Predictions for Liquid Water

abstract:
  We report the first measurement of size-resolved photoelectron angular
distributions for the valence orbitals of water clusters with up to 20
molecules. A systematic decrease of the photoelectron anisotropy is found for
clusters with up to 5-6 molecules, and most remarkably, convergence of the
anisotropy for larger clusters. We suggest the latter to be the result of a
local short-range scattering potential that is fully described by a unit of 5-6
molecules. The cluster data and a detailed electron scattering model are used
to predict liquid water anisotropies. Reasonable agreement with experimental
liquid jet data is found.


abstract:
  This paper summarizes the results obtained by the team "Heliosheath Processes
and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays,
and Magnetic Fields" supported by the International Space Science Institute in
Bern, Switzerland. We focus on the physical processes occurring in the outer
heliosphere, especially at its boundary called the heliopause (HP), and in the
LISM. The importance of magnetic field, charge exchange between atoms and ions,
and solar cycle on the heliopause topology and observed heliocentric distances
to different heliospheric discontinuities are discussed. It is shown that
time-dependent boundary conditions are necessary to describe the heliospheric
asymmetries detected by the Voyager spacecraft. We also discuss the structure
of the HP, especially due to its instability and magnetic reconnection. It is
demonstrated that the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the nose of the HP creates
consecutive layers of the interstellar and heliospheric plasma which are
magnetically connected to different sources. This may be a possible explanation
of abrupt changes in the galactic and anomalous cosmic ray fluxes observed by
Voyager 1 when it was crossing the HP structure for a period of about one month
in the summer of 2012. This paper also discusses the plausibility of fitting
simulation results to a number of observational data sets obtained by in situ
and remote measurements. The distribution of magnetic field in the vicinity of
the HP is discussed in the context of Voyager measurements. We discuss the
transport of energetic particles in the inner and outer heliosheath,
concentrating on the anisotropic spatial diffusion diffusion tensor and the
pitch-angle dependence of perpendicular diffusion and demonstrate that the
latter can explain the observed pitch-angle anisotropies of both the anomalous
and galactic cosmic rays in the outer heliosheath.


title:
Detectability of gravitational waves from binary black holes: Impact of
  precession and higher modes

abstract:
  Gravitational wave templates used in current searches for binary black holes
omit the effects of precession of the orbital plane and higher order modes.
While this omission seems not to impact the detection of sources having mass
ratios and spins similar to those of GW150914, even for total masses $M >
200M_{\odot}$; we show that it can cause large fractional losses of sensitive
volume for binaries with mass ratio $q \geq 4$ and $M>100M_{\odot}$, measured
the detector frame. For the highest precessing cases, this is true even when
the source is face-on to the detector. Quantitatively, we show that the
aforementioned omission can lead to fractional losses of sensitive volume of
$\sim15\%$, reaching $>25\%$ for the worst cases studied. Loss estimates are
obtained by evaluating the effectualness of the SEOBNRv2-ROM double spin model,
currently used in binary black hole searches, towards gravitational wave
signals from precessing binaries computed by means of numerical relativity. We
conclude that, for sources with $q \geq 4$, a reliable search for binary black
holes heavier than $M>100M_\odot$ needs to consider the effects of higher order
modes and precession. The latter seems specially necessary when Advanced LIGO
reaches its design sensitivity.


title: Hydrodynamical Simulations of Colliding Jets

abstract:
  Radio observations suggest that 3C 75, located in the dumbbell shaped galaxy
NGC 1128 at the center of Abell 400, hosts two colliding jets. Motivated by
this source, we perform three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations using a
modified version of the GPU-accelerated Adaptive-MEsh-Refinement hydrodynamical
parallel code ($\mathit{GAMER}$) to study colliding extragalactic jets. We find
that colliding jets can be cast into two categories: 1) bouncing jets, in which
case the jets bounce off each other keeping their identities, and 2) merging
jets, when only one jet emerges from the collision. Under some conditions the
interaction causes the jets to break up into oscillating filaments of opposite
helicity, with consequences for their downstream stability. When one jet is
significantly faster than the other and the impact parameter is small, the jets
merge; the faster jet takes over the slower one. In the case of merging jets,
the oscillations of the filaments, in projection, may show a feature which
resembles a double helix, similar to the radio image of 3C 75. Thus we
interpret the morphology of 3C 75 as a consequence of the collision of two jets
with distinctly different speeds at a small impact parameter, with the faster
jet breaking up into two oscillating filaments.


title:
Degenerate limits for one-parameter families of non-fixed-point
  diffusions on fractals

abstract:
  The Sierpinski gasket is known to support an exotic stochastic process called
the asymptotically one-dimensional diffusion. This process displays local
anisotropy, as there is a preferred direction of motion which dominates at the
microscale, but on the macroscale we see global isotropy in that the process
will behave like the canonical Brownian motion on the fractal. In this paper we
analyse the microscale behaviour of such processes, which we call non-fixed
point diffusions, for a class of fractals and show that there is a natural
limit diffusion associated with the small scale asymptotics. This limit process
no longer lives on the original fractal but is supported by another fractal,
which is the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of the original set after a shorting
operation is performed on the dominant microscale direction of motion. We
establish the weak convergence of the rescaled diffusions in a general setting
and use this to answer a question raised in Hattori (1994) about the
ultraviolet limit of the asymptotically one-dimensional diffusion process on
the Sierpinski gasket.