title:
Development of Fundamental Power Coupler for C-ADS Superconducting
  Elliptical cavities

abstract:
  5-cell elliptical cavities are chosen for the main linac of China Accelerator
Driven sub-critical System in the medium energy section. Each cavity is driven
by one fundamental power coupler delivering RF power up to 150 kW. A single
window, coaxial type coupler satisfying high power requirements, class 10 clean
room assembly with cavity and low heat load simultaneously was designed. This
paper gives the details of RF design, external Q calculation and thermal
analysis as well as multipacting simulations of the coupler.


title:
A relaxation technique to ensure feasibility in stochastic control with
  input and state constraints

abstract:
  We consider a stochastic linear system and address the design of a finite
horizon control policy that is optimal according to some average cost criterion
and accounts also for probabilistic constraints on both the input and state
variables. This finite horizon control problem formulation is quite common in
the literature and has potential for being implemented in a receding horizon
fashion according to the model predictive control strategy. Such a possibility,
however, is hampered by the fact that, if the disturbance has unbounded
support, a feasibility issue may arise. In this paper, we address this issue by
introducing a constraint relaxation that is effective only when the original
problem turns out to be unfeasible and, in that case, recovers feasibility as
quickly as possible. This is obtained via a cascade of two
probabilistically-constrained optimization problems, which are solved here
through a computationally tractable scenario-based scheme, providing an
approximate solution that satisfies the original probabilistic constraints of
the cascade, with high confidence. A simulation example showing the
effectiveness of the proposed approach concludes the paper.


title: Quantum Jarzynski equality of measurement-based work extraction

abstract:
  Many studies of quantum-size heat engines assume that the dynamics of an
internal system is unitary and that the extracted work is equal to the energy
loss of the internal system. Both assumptions, however, should be under
scrutiny. In the present paper, we analyze quantum-scale heat engines,
employing the measurement-based formulation of the work extraction recently
introduced by Hayashi and Tajima~[arXiv:1504.06150]. We first demonstrate the
inappropriateness of the unitary time evolution of the internal system (namely
the first assumption above) using a simple two-level system; we show that the
variance of the energy transferred to an external system diverges when the
dynamics of the internal system is approximated to a unitary time evolution. We
second derive the quantum Jarzynski equality based on the formulation of
Hayashi and Tajima as a relation for the work measured by an external
macroscopic apparatus. The right-hand side of the equality reduces to unity for
"natural" cyclic processes, but fluctuates wildly for non-cyclic ones,
exceeding unity often. This fluctuation should be detectable in experiments and
provide evidence for the present formulation.


title: Approximate Partial Order Reduction

abstract:
  We present a new partial order reduction method for reachability analysis of
nondeterministic labeled transition systems over metric spaces. Nondeterminism
arises from both the choice of the initial state and the choice of actions, and
the number of executions to be explored grows exponentially with their length.
We introduce a notion of $\varepsilon$-independence relation over actions that
relate approximately commutative actions; $\varepsilon$-equivalent action
sequences are obtained by swapping $\varepsilon$-independent consecutive action
pairs. Our reachability algorithm generalizes individual executions to cover
sets of executions that start from different, but $\delta$-close initial
states, and follow different, but $\varepsilon$-independent, action sequences.
The constructed over-approximations can be made arbitrarily precise by reducing
the $\delta,\varepsilon$ parameters. Exploiting both the continuity of actions
and their approximate independence, the algorithm can yield an exponential
reduction in the number of executions explored. We illustrate this with
experiments on consensus, platooning, and distributed control examples.


title:
Submillimeter polarization observation of the protoplanetary disk around
  HD 142527

abstract:
  We present the polarization observations toward the circumstellar disk around
HD 142527 by using Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at the
frequency of 343 GHz. The beam size is $0.51 " \times 0.44 "$, which
corresponds to the spatial resolution of $\sim$ 71 $\times$ 62 AU. The
polarized intensity displays a ring-like structure with a peak located on the
east side with a polarization fraction of $P= 3.26 \pm 0.02$ %, which is
different from the peak of the continuum emission from the northeast region.
The polarized intensity is significantly weaker at the peak of the continuum
where $P= 0.220 \pm 0.010$ %. The polarization vectors are in the radial
direction in the main ring of the polarized intensity, while there are two
regions outside at the northwest and northeast areas where the vectors are in
the azimuthal direction. If the polarization vectors represent the magnetic
field morphology, the polarization vectors indicate the toroidal magnetic field
configuration on the main ring and the poloidal fields outside. On the other
hand, the flip of the polarization vectors is predicted by the self-scattering
of thermal dust emission due to the change of the direction of thermal
radiation flux. Therefore, we conclude that self-scattering of thermal dust
emission plays a major role in producing polarization at millimeter wavelengths
in this protoplanetary disk. Also, this puts a constraint on the maximum grain
size to be approximately 150 ${\rm \mu m}$ if we assume compact spherical dust
grains.


title:
Directed flow in asymmetric nucleus-nucleus collisions and the inverse
  Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect

abstract:
  It is proposed to identify a strong electric field - created during
relativistic collisions of asymmetric nuclei - via the observation of
pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions of hadrons with the same
mass but opposite charge. The results of detailed calculations within the
Parton-Hadron String Dynamics (PHSD) approach for the charge-dependent directed
flow $v_1$ are presented for semi-central Cu+Au collision at
$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV incorporating the inverse Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal
(iLPM) effect, which accounts for a delay in the electromagnetic interaction
with the charged degree of freedom. Including the iLPM effect we achieve a
reasonable agreement of the PHSD results for the charge splitting in $v_1(p_T)$
in line with the recent measurements of the STAR Collaboration for Cu+Au
collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV while an instant appearance and coupling
of electric charges at the hard collision vertex overestimates the splitting by
about a factor of 10. We predict that the iLPM effect should practically
disappear at energies of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} \approx$9 GeV, which should lead to a
significantly larger charge splitting of $v_1$ at the future FAIR/NICA
facilities.


title:
On the full space--time discretization of the generalized Stokes
  equations: The Dirichlet case

abstract:
  In this work we treat the space-time discretization of the generalized Stokes
equations in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove error
estimates in the case $p\in[\frac{2d}{d+2},\infty)$ that are independent of the
degeneracy parameter $\delta\in[0,\delta_0]$. For $p\leq 2$, our convergence
rate is optimal.


title: Involutions and stable subalgebras

abstract:
  Given a central simple algebra with involution over an arbitrary field,
\'etale subalgebras contained in the space of symmetric elements are
investigated. The method emphasizes the similarities between the various types
of involutions and privileges a unified treatment for all characteristics
whenever possible. As a consequence a conceptual proof of a theorem of Rowen is
obtained, which asserts that every division algebra of exponent two and degree
eight contains a maximal subfield that is a triquadratic extension of the
centre.


title:
Detection of Zak phases and topological invariants in a chiral quantum
  walk of twisted photons

abstract:
  Topological insulators are fascinating states of matter exhibiting protected
edge states and robust quantized features in their bulk. Here, we propose and
validate experimentally a method to detect topological properties in the bulk
of one-dimensional chiral systems. We first introduce the mean chiral
displacement, and we show that it rapidly approaches a multiple of the Zak
phase in the long time limit. Then we measure the Zak phase in a photonic
quantum walk, by direct observation of the mean chiral displacement in its
bulk. Next, we measure the Zak phase in an alternative, inequivalent timeframe,
and combine the two windings to characterize the full phase diagram of this
Floquet system. Finally, we prove the robustness of the measure by introducing
dynamical disorder in the system. This detection method is extremely general,
as it can be applied to all one-dimensional platforms simulating static or
Floquet chiral systems.

categories: cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.quant-gas physics.optics quant-ph


title:
Size-dependent commensurability and its possible role in determining the
  frictional behavior of adsorbed systems

abstract:
  Recent nanofriction experiments of xenon on graphene revealed that the slip
onset can be induced by increasing the adsorbate coverage above a critical
value, which depends on temperature. Moreover, the xenon slippage on gold is
much higher than on graphene in spite of the same physical nature of the
interactions. To shed light on these intriguing results we have performed
molecular dynamics simulations relying on ab initio derived potentials. By
monitoring the interfacial structure factor as a function of coverage and
temperature, we show that the key mechanism to interpret the observed
frictional phenomena is the size-dependence of the island commensurability. The
latter quantity is deeply affected also by the lattice misfit, which explains
the different frictional behavior of Xe on graphene and gold.


title:
Singularly perturbed hyperbolic problems on metric graphs: asymptotics
  of solutions

abstract:
  We are interested in evolution phenomena on star-like networks composed of
several branches which vary considerably in physical properties. The initial
boundary value problem for singularly perturbed hyperbolic differential
equation on a metric graph is studied. The hyperbolic equation becomes
degenerate on a part of the graph as a small parameter goes to zero. In
addition, the rates of degeneration may differ in different edges of the graph.
Using the boundary layer method the complete asymptotic expansions of solutions
are constructed and justified.


title:
Towards a stationary Monge-Kantorovich dynamics: the Physarum
  Polycephalum experience

abstract:
  In this work we study and expand a model describing the dynamics of a
unicellular slime mold, Physarum Polycephalum (PP), which was proposed to
simulate the ability of PP to find the shortest path connecting two food
sources in a maze. The original model describes the dynamics of the slime mold
on a finite dimensional planar graph using a pipe-flow analogy whereby mass
transfer occurs because of pressure differences with a conductivity coefficient
that varies with the flow intensity. We propose an extension of this model that
abandons the graph structure and moves to a continuous domain. Numerical
evidence, shows that the model is capable of describing the slime mold dynamics
also for large times, accurately reproducing the PP behavior.
  A notable result related to the original model is that it is equivalent to an
optimal transportation problem over the graph as time tends to infinity. In our
case, we can only conjecture that our extension presents a time-asymptotic
equilibrium. This equilibrium point is precisely the solution of the
Monge-Kantorovich (MK) equations at the basis of the PDE formulation of optimal
transportation problems. Numerical results obtained with our approach, which
combines P1 Finite Elements with forward Euler time stepping, show that the
approximate solution converges at large times to an equilibrium configuration
that well compares with the numerical solution of the MK-equations.


title:
All-Electrical Spin Field Effect Transistor in van der Waals
  Heterostructures at Room Temperature

abstract:
  Spintronics aims to exploit the spin degree of freedom in solid state devices
for data storage and information processing technologies. The fundamental
spintronic device concepts such as creation, manipulation and detection of spin
polarization has been demonstrated in semiconductors and spin transistor
structures using both the electrical and optical methods. However, an unsolved
challenge in the field is the realization of all electrical methods to control
the spin polarization and spin transistor operation at ambient temperature. For
this purpose, two-dimensional (2D) crystals offer a unique platform due to
their remarkable and contrasting spintronic properties, such as weak spin-orbit
coupling (SOC) in graphene and strong SOC in molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$).
Here we combine graphene and MoS$_2$ in a van der Waals heterostructure to
realize the electric control of the spin polarization and spin lifetime, and
demonstrated a spin field-effect transistor (spin-FET) at room temperature in a
non-local measurement geometry. We observe electrical gate control of the spin
valve signal due to pure spin transport and Hanle spin precession signals in
the graphene channel in proximity with MoS$_2$ at room temperature. We show
that this unprecedented control over the spin polarization and lifetime stems
from the gate-tuning of the Schottky barrier at the MoS$_2$/graphene interface
and MoS$_2$ channel conductivity leading to spin interaction with high SOC
material. The all-electrical creation, transport and control of the spin
polarization in a spin-FET device at room temperature is a substantial step in
the field of spintronics. It opens a new platform for the interplay of spin,
charge and orbital degrees of freedom for testing a plethora of exotic physical
phenomena, which can be key building blocks in future device architectures.


title:
Generation of silicone poly-HIPES with controlled pore sizes via
  reactive emulsion stabilization

abstract:
  Macrocellular silicone polymers are obtained after solidification of the
continuous phase of a PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) emulsion, which contains PEG
(polyethylene glycol) drops of sub-millimetric dimensions. Coalescence of the
liquid template emulsion is prohibited by a reactive blending approach. We
investigate in detail the relationship between the interfacial properties and
the emulsion stability, and we use micro- and millifluidic techniques to
generation macro-cellular polymers with controlled structural properties over a
wider range of cell-sizes (0.2-2mm) and volume fractions of the continuous
phase (0.1-40%). This approach could easily be transferred to a wide range of
polymeric systems.


title:
Numerical test of the Edwards conjecture shows that all packings are
  equally probable at jamming

abstract:
  In the late 1980s, Sam Edwards proposed a possible statistical-mechanical
framework to describe the properties of disordered granular materials. A key
assumption underlying the theory was that all jammed packings are equally
likely. In the intervening years it has never been possible to test this bold
hypothesis directly. Here we present simulations that provide direct evidence
that at the unjamming point, all packings of soft repulsive particles are
equally likely, even though generically, jammed packings are not. Typically,
jammed granular systems are observed precisely at the unjamming point since
grains are not very compressible. Our results therefore support Edwards'
original conjecture. We also present evidence that at unjamming the
configurational entropy of the system is maximal.

categories: cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech physics.comp-ph


title: Multivariate Exponential Analysis from the Minimal Number of Samples

abstract:
  The problem of multivariate exponential analysis or sparse interpolation has
received a lot of attention, especially with respect to the number of samples
required to solve it unambiguously. In this paper we show how to bring the
number of samples down to the absolute minimum of $(d+1)n$ where $d$ is the
dimension of the problem and $n$ is the number of exponential terms. To this
end we present a fundamentally different approach for the multivariate problem
statement. We combine a one-dimensional exponential analysis method such as
ESPRIT, MUSIC, the matrix pencil or any Prony-like method, with some linear
systems of equations because the multivariate exponents are inner products and
thus linear expressions in the parameters.


title:
Low-energy effective field theory of superfluid 3He-B and its
  gyromagnetic and Hall responses

abstract:
  The low-energy physics of a superfluid 3He-B is governed by Nambu-Goldstone
bosons resulting from its characteristic symmetry breaking pattern. Here we
construct an effective field theory at zero temperature consistent with all
available symmetries in curved space, which are the U(1) phase x SU(2) spin x
SO(3) orbital gauge invariance and the nonrelativistic general coordinate
invariance, up to the next-to-leading order in a derivative expansion. The
obtained low-energy effective field theory is capable of reproducing
gyromagnetic responses of the superfluid 3He-B, such as a magnetization
generated by a rotation and an orbital angular momentum density generated by a
magnetic field, in a model-independent and nonperturbative way. We furthermore
show that the stress tensor exhibits a dissipationless Hall viscosity with
coefficients uniquely fixed by the orbital angular momentum density, which
manifests itself as an elliptical polarization of sound wave with an induced
transverse component.


title: On the mean value of symmetric square L-functions

abstract:
  This paper studies the first moment of symmetric-square $L$-functions at the
critical point in the weight aspect. Asymptotics with the best known error term
$O(k^{-1/2})$ were obtained independently by Fomenko in 2005 and by Sun in
2013. We prove that there is an extra main term of size $k^{-1/2}$ in the
asymptotic formula and show that the remainder term decays exponentially in
$k$. The twisted first moment was evaluated asymptotically by Ng Ming Ho with
the error bounded by $lk^{-1/2+\epsilon}$. We improve the error bound to
$l^{5/6+\epsilon}k^{-1/2+\epsilon}$ unconditionally and to
$l^{1/2+\epsilon}k^{-1/2}$ under the Lindel\"{o}f hypothesis for quadratic
Dirichlet $L$-functions.


title:
Energy management for building district cooling: a distributed approach
  to resource sharing

abstract:
  This paper deals with energy management in a district where multiple
buildings can communicate over a time-varying network and aim at optimizing the
use of shared resources like storage systems. We focus on building cooling, and
propose an iterative, distributed algorithm that accounts for information
privacy, since buildings are not required to disclose information about their
individual utility functions and constraint sets encoding, e.g., their
consumption profiles, and overcomes the communication and computational
challenges imposed by centralized management paradigms. Our approach relies on
a methodology based on proximal minimization that has recently appeared in the
literature. Motivated by the structure of the considered energy management
optimization program, we provide a theoretical extension of this novel
methodology, that is applicable to any problem that exhibits such structural
properties. The efficacy of the resulting energy management algorithm is
illustrated by means of a detailed simulation based study, considering
different network topologies.


title:
Suzaku Observations of Spectral Variations of the Ultra Luminous X-ray
  Source Holmberg IX X-1

abstract:
  Observations of the Ultra Luminous X-ray source (ULX) Holmberg IX X-1 were
carried out with Suzaku twice, once on 2012 April 13 and then on 2012 October
24, with exposures of 180 ks and 217 ks, respectively. The source showed a hard
power-law shape spectrum with a mild cutoff at $\sim 8$ keV, which is typical
of ULXs when they are relatively dim. On both occasions, the 0.6-11 keV
spectrum was explained successfully in terms a cool ($\sim 0.2$ keV)
multi-color disk blackbody emission model and a thermal Comptonization emission
produced by an electron cloud with a relatively low temperature and high
optical depth, assuming that a large fraction of the disk-blackbody photons are
Comptonized whereas the rest is observed directly. The 0.5-10 keV luminosity
was $1.2\times10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in April, and $\sim 14\%$ higher in
October. This brightening was accompanied by spectral softening in $\ge 2$ keV,
with little changes in the $\le 2$ keV spectral shape. This behavior can be
understood if the accretion disk remains unchanged, while the electron cloud
covers a variable fraction of the disk. The absorbing column density was
consistent with the galactic line-of sight value, and did not vary by more than
$1.6\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$. Together with the featureless spectra, these
properties may not be reconciled easily with the super-critical accretion
scenario of this source.


title:
Capturing Structural Dynamics in Crystalline Silicon Using Chirped
  Electrons from a Laser Wakefield Accelerator

abstract:
  Recent progress in laser wakefield acceleration has led to the emergence of a
new generation of electron and X-ray sources that may have enormous benefits
for ultrafast science. These novel sources promise to become indispensable
tools for the investigation of structural dynamics on the femtosecond time
scale, with spatial resolution on the atomic scale. Here, we demonstrate the
use of laser-wakefield-accelerated electron bunches for time-resolved electron
diffraction measurements of the structural dynamics of single-crystal silicon
nano-membranes pumped by an ultrafast laser pulse. In our proof-of-concept
study, we resolve the silicon lattice dynamics on a picosecond time scale by
deflecting the momentum-time correlated electrons in the diffraction peaks with
a static magnetic field to obtain the time-dependent diffraction efficiency.
Further improvements may lead to femtosecond temporal resolution, with
negligible pump-probe jitter being possible with future
laser-wakefield-accelerator ultrafast-electron-diffraction schemes.


title:
Stable Co-Catalyst-Free Photocatalytic H2 Evolution From Oxidized
  Titanium Nitride Nanopowders

abstract:
  In the present work, a simple strategy is used to thermally oxidize TiN
nanopowder (ca. 20 nm) to an anatase phase of a TiO2:Ti3+:N compound. In
contrast to the rutile phase of such a compound this photocatalyst provides
photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution under AM1.5 conditions - this
without the use of any noble metal co-catalyst. Moreover the photocatalyst is
active and stable over extended periods of time (tested for 4 months).
Importantly, to achieve successful conversion to the active anatase polymorph,
sufficiently small starting particles of TiN are needed. The key factor for
catalysis is the stabilization of the co-catalytically active Ti3+ species
against oxidation by nitrogen present in the starting material.


title: The KLS Isoperimetric Conjecture for Generalized Orlicz Balls

abstract:
  What is the optimal way to cut a convex bounded domain $K$ in Euclidean space
$(\mathbb{R}^n,|\cdot|)$ into two halves of equal volume, so that the interface
between the two halves has least surface area? A conjecture of Kannan, Lov\'asz
and Simonovits asserts that, if one does not mind gaining a universal numerical
factor (independent of $n$) in the surface area, one might as well dissect $K$
using a hyperplane. This conjectured essential equivalence between the former
non-linear isoperimetric inequality and its latter linear relaxation, has been
shown over the last two decades to be of fundamental importance to the
understanding of volumetric and spectral properties of convex domains. In this
work, we address the conjecture for the subclass of generalized Orlicz balls \[
K = \left \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n \; ; \; \sum_{i=1}^n V_i(x_i) \leq E \right \} ,
\] confirming its validity for certain levels $E \in \mathbb{R}$ under a mild
technical assumption on the growth of the convex functions $V_i$ at infinity
(without which we confirm the conjecture up to a $\log(1+n)$ factor). In sharp
contrast to previous approaches for tackling the KLS conjecture, we emphasize
that no symmetry is required from $K$. This significantly enlarges the subclass
of convex bodies for which the conjecture is confirmed.


title: Hydrodynamics of Active Polar Systems in a (Visco)Elastic Background

abstract:
  We derive the full set of macroscopic equations necessary to describe the
dynamics of systems with active polar order in a viscoelastic or elastic
background. The active polar order is manifested by a second velocity, whose
non-zero modulus is the polar order parameter and whose direction is the polar
preferred direction. Viscoelasticity is described by a relaxing strain field
allowing for a straightforward change from transient to permanent elasticity.
Relative rotations of the elastic structure with respect to the polar direction
are taken into account. The intricate coupling between active polar order and
(transient) elasticity leads to a combined relaxation of the polar order
parameter and the strains. The rather involved sound spectrum contains a
specific excitation due to a reversible coupling between elasticity and polar
order. Effects of chirality are also considered.


title: Nonlinear time-harmonic Maxwell equations in domains

abstract:
  The search for time-harmonic solutions of nonlinear Maxwell equations in the
absence of charges and currents leads to the elliptic equation
$$\nabla\times\left(\mu(x)^{-1} \nabla\times u\right) - \omega^2\varepsilon(x)u
= f(x,u)$$ for the field $u:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^3$ in a domain
$\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3$. Here $\varepsilon(x) \in \mathbb{R}^{3\times3}$ is
the (linear) permittivity tensor of the material, and $\mu(x) \in
\mathbb{R}^{3\times3}$ denotes the magnetic permeability tensor. The
nonlinearity $f:\Omega\times\mathbb{R}^3\to\mathbb{R}^3$ comes from the
nonlinear polarization. If $f=\nabla_uF$ is a gradient then this equation has a
variational structure. The goal of this paper is to give an introduction to the
problem and the variational approach, and to survey recent results on ground
and bound state solutions. It also contains refinements of known results and
some new results.


title: Combined Nucleosynthetic Yields of Multiple First Stars

abstract:
  Modern numerical simulations of the formation of the first stars predict that
the first stars formed in multiples. In those cases, the chemical yields of
multiple supernova explosions may have contributed to the formation of a next
generation star. We match the chemical abundances of the oldest observed stars
in the universe to a database of theoretical supernova models, to show that it
is likely that the first stars formed from the ashes of two or more
progenitors.


title: Maximizing positive opinion influence using an evidential approach

abstract:
  In this paper, we propose a new data based model for influence maximization
in online social networks. We use the theory of belief functions to overcome
the data imperfection problem. Besides, the proposed model searches to detect
influencer users that adopt a positive opinion about the product, the idea,
etc, to be propagated. Moreover, we present some experiments to show the
performance of our model.


title: Scott approach distance on metric spaces

abstract:
  The notion of Scott distance between points and subsets in a metric space, a
metric analogy of the Scott topology on an ordered set, is introduced, making a
metric space into an approach space. Basic properties of Scott distance are
investigated, including its topological coreflection and its relation to
injective $T_0$ approach spaces. It is proved that the topological coreflection
of the Scott distance is sandwiched between the $d$-Scott topology and the
generalized Scott topology; and that every injective $T_0$ approach space is a
cocomplete and continuous metric space equipped with its Scott distance.


title:
Negative activation energy and dielectric signatures of excitons and
  excitonic Mott transitions in quantum confined laser structures

abstract:
  Mostly, optical spectroscopies are used to investigate the physics of
excitons, whereas their electrical evidences are hardly explored. Here, we
examined a forward bias activated differential capacitance response of
GaInP-AlGaInP based multi-quantum well laser diodes to trace the presence of
excitons using electrical measurements. Occurrence of negative activation
energy after light emission is understood as thermodynamical signature of
steady state excitonic population under intermediate range of carrier
injections. Similar corroborative results are also observed in an InGaAs-GaAs
quantum dot laser structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy. With increasing
biases, the measured differential capacitance response slowly vanishes. This
represents gradual Mott transition of an excitonic phase into an electron-hole
plasma in a GaInP-AlGaInP laser diode. This is further substantiated by more
and more exponentially looking shapes of high energy tails in
electroluminescence spectra with increasing forward bias, which originates from
a growing non-degenerate population of free electrons and holes. Such an
experimental correlation between electrical and optical properties of excitons
can be used to advance the next generation excitonic devices.


title:
(Universal) Unconditional Verifiability in E-Voting without Trusted
  Parties

abstract:
  In traditional e-voting protocols, privacy is often provided by a trusted
authority that learns the votes and computes the tally. Some protocols replace
the trusted authority by a set of authorities, and privacy is guaranteed if
less than a threshold number of authorities are corrupt. For verifiability,
stronger security guarantees are demanded. Typically, corrupt authorities that
try to fake the result of the tally must always be detected.
  To provide verifiability, many e-voting protocols use Non-Interactive
Zero-Knowledge proofs (NIZKs). Thanks to their non-interactive nature, NIZKs
allow anybody, including third parties that do not participate in the protocol,
to verify the correctness of the tally. Therefore, NIZKs can be used to obtain
universal verifiability. Additionally, NIZKs also improve usability because
they allow voters to cast a vote using a non-interactive protocol.
  The disadvantage of NIZKs is that their security is based on setup
assumptions such as the common reference string (CRS) or the random oracle (RO)
model. The former requires a trusted party for the generation of a common
reference string. The latter, though a popular methodology for designing secure
protocols, has been shown to be unsound.
  In this paper, we address the design of an e-voting protocol that provides
verifiability without any trust assumptions, where verifiability here is meant
without eligibility verification. We show that Non-Interactive
Witness-Indistinguishable proofs (NIWI) can be used for this purpose. The
e-voting scheme is private under the Decision Linear assumption, while
verifiability holds unconditionally. To our knowledge, this is the first
private e-voting scheme with perfect universal verifiability, i.e. one in which
the probability of a fake tally not being detected is 0, and with {\em
non-interactive} protocols that does not rely on trust assumptions.


title:
Strong correlations of neutron star radii with the slopes of nuclear
  matter incompressibility and symmetry energy at saturation

abstract:
  We examine the correlations of neutron star radii with the nuclear matter
incompressibility, symmetry energy, and their slopes, which are the key
parameters of the equation of state (EoS) of asymmetric nuclear matter. The
neutron star radii and the EoS parameters are evaluated using a representative
set of 24 Skyrme-type effective forces and 18 relativistic mean field models,
and two microscopic calculations, all describing 2$M_\odot$ neutron stars.
Unified EoSs for the inner-crust-core region have been built for all the
phenomenological models, both relativistic and non-relativistic. Our
investigation shows the existence of a strong correlation of the neutron star
radii with the linear combination of the slopes of the nuclear matter
incompressibility and the symmetry energy coefficients at the saturation
density. Such correlations are found to be almost independent of the neutron
star mass in the range $0.6\text{-}1.8M_{\odot}$. This correlation can be
linked to the empirical relation existing between the star radius and the
pressure at a nucleonic density between one and two times saturation density,
and the dependence of the pressure on the nuclear matter incompressibility, its
slope and the symmetry energy slope. The slopes of the nuclear matter
incompressibility and the symmetry energy coefficients as estimated from the
finite nuclei data yield the radius of a $1.4M_{\odot}$ neutron star in the
range $11.09\text{-}12.86$ km.


title: Quantum money with nearly optimal error tolerance

abstract:
  We present a family of quantum money schemes with classical verification
which display a number of benefits over previous proposals. Our schemes are
based on hidden matching quantum retrieval games and they tolerate noise up to
23%, which we conjecture reaches 25% asymptotically as the dimension of the
underlying hidden matching states is increased. Furthermore, we prove that 25%
is the maximum tolerable noise for a wide class of quantum money schemes with
classical verification, meaning our schemes are almost optimally noise
tolerant. We use methods in semi-definite programming to prove security in a
substantially different manner to previous proposals, leading to two main
advantages: first, coin verification involves only a constant number of states
(with respect to coin size), thereby allowing for smaller coins; second, the
re-usability of coins within our scheme grows linearly with the size of the
coin, which is known to be optimal. Lastly, we suggest methods by which the
coins in our protocol could be implemented using weak coherent states and
verified using existing experimental techniques, even in the presence of
detector inefficiencies.


title: A general mechanism for the `$1/f$' noise

abstract:
  We consider the response of a memoryless nonlinear device that converts an
input signal $\xi(t)$ into an output $\eta(t)$ that only depends on the value
of the input at the same time, $t$. For input Gaussian noise with power
spectrum $1/f^{\alpha}$, the nonlinearity modifies the spectral index of the
output to give a spectrum that varies as $1/f^{\alpha'}$ with $\alpha' \neq
\alpha$. We show that the value of $\alpha'$ depends on the nonlinear
transformation and can be tuned continuously. This provides a general mechanism
for the ubiquitous `$1/f$' noise found in nature.


title: A Classification Engine for Image Ballistics of Social Data

abstract:
  Image Forensics has already achieved great results for the source camera
identification task on images. Standard approaches for data coming from Social
Network Platforms cannot be applied due to different processes involved (e.g.,
scaling, compression, etc.). Over 1 billion images are shared each day on the
Internet and obtaining information about their history from the moment they
were acquired could be exploited for investigation purposes. In this paper, a
classification engine for the reconstruction of the history of an image, is
presented. Specifically, exploiting K-NN and decision trees classifiers and
a-priori knowledge acquired through image analysis, we propose an automatic
approach that can understand which Social Network Platform has processed an
image and the software application used to perform the image upload. The engine
makes use of proper alterations introduced by each platform as features.
Results, in terms of global accuracy on a dataset of 2720 images, confirm the
effectiveness of the proposed strategy.


title: Differential structure on the dual of a compact lie group

abstract:
  In this paper we define difference operators and homogeneous Sobolev-type
spaces on the dual of a compact Lie group. As an application and to show that
this defines a relevant differential structure, we state and prove multiplier
theorems of H\"ormander, Mihlin and Marcinkiewicz types together with the
sharpness in the Sobolev exponent for the one of H\"ormander type.


title:
Quantitative Test of the Evolution of Geant4 Electron Backscattering
  Simulation

abstract:
  Evolutions of Geant4 code have affected the simulation of electron
backscattering with respect to previously published results. Their effects are
quantified by analyzing the compatibility of the simulated electron
backscattering fraction with a large collection of experimental data for a wide
set of physics configuration options available in Geant4. Special emphasis is
placed on two electron scattering implementations first released in Geant4
version 10.2: the Goudsmit-Saunderson multiple scattering model and a single
Coulomb scattering model based on Mott cross section calculation. The new
Goudsmit-Saunderson multiple scattering model appears to perform equally or
less accurately than the model implemented in previous Geant4 versions,
depending on the electron energy. The new Coulomb scattering model was flawed
from a physics point of view, but computationally fast in Geant4 version 10.2;
the physics correction released in Geant4 version 10.2p01 severely degrades its
computational performance. Evolutions in the Geant4 geometry domain have
addressed physics problems observed in electron backscattering simulation in
previous publications.


title:
Self-ordered Mo-oxide Nanotube Arrays as Precursor for Aligned MoOx/MoS2
  Core-Shell Nanotubular Structures with a High Density of Reactive Sites

abstract:
  In the present work we demonstrate the self-organized formation of anodic
Mo-oxide nanotube arrays grown on a Mo sheet under suitable electrochemical
conditions in glycerol/NH4F electrolytes. The resulting amorphous tubes can be
crystallized by annealing to MoO2 or MoO3. The tube walls then can be further
sulfurized fully or partially to Mo-sulfide to form well-ordered arrays of
vertically aligned MoOx/MoS2 nanotubes. Under optimized conditions, defined
MoS2 sheets form on the oxide walls in a layer by layer low angle zig-zag
arrangement that provide a high density of reactive stacking faults. These
core-shell nanotube arrays, consisting of tubes with a conductive suboxide core
and a functional high defect density MoS2 coating, are highly promising for
applications such as electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution) or ion insertion
devices.


title:
Structural Transition in the NGC 6251 Jet: An Interplay with the
  Supermassive Black Hole and Its Host Galaxy

abstract:
  The structure of the NGC 6251 jet on the milliarcsecond scale is investigated
using images taken with the European VLBI Network and the Very Long Baseline
Array. We detect a structural transition of the jet from a parabolic to a
conical shape at a distance of (1-2) x 10^5 times the Schwarzschild radius from
the central engine, which is close to the sphere of gravitational influence of
the supermassive black hole (SMBH). We also examine the jet pressure profiles
with the synchrotron minimum energy assumption to discuss the physical origin
of the structural transition. The NGC 6251 jet, together with the M87 jet,
suggests a fundamental process of structural transition in the jets of active
galactic nuclei (AGNs). Collimated AGN jets are characterized by their external
galactic medium, showing that AGN jets interplay with the SMBH and its host
galaxy.


title:
Thermodynamics, phase transitions and Ruppeiner geometry for
  Einstein-dilaton Lifshitz black holes in the presence of Maxwell and
  Born-Infeld electrodynamics

abstract:
  In this paper, we first obtain the ($n+1$)-dimensional dilaton-Lifshitz black
hole (BH) solutions in the presence of Born-Infeld (BI) electrodynamics. We
find that there are two different solutions for $z=n+1$ and $z\neq n+1$ cases
($z$ is dynamical critical exponent). We show that the thermodynamics first law
is satisfied for both cases. Then, we turn to study different phase transitions
(PTs) for our BHs. We start with study of Hawking-Page PT for both linearly and
BI charged BHs. After that, we discuss the PTs inside the BHs. We present the
improved Davies quantities and prove that the PT points shown by them coincide
with Ruppeiner ones. We show that the zero temperature PTs are transitions on
radiance properties of BHs by using Landau-Lifshitz theory. Next, we turn to
study Ruppeiner geometry of linearly and BI charged BHs. For linearly charged
case, we show that there are no PT at finite temperature for the case $z\geq
2$. For $z<2$, it is found that the number of finite temperature PT points
depends on the value of BH charge and is not more than two. When we have two
finite temperature PT points, there are no thermally stable BH between these
two points and we have discontinues small/large BH PTs. As expected, for small
BHs, we observe finite magnitude for Ruppeiner invariant which shows the finite
correlation between possible BH molecules while for large BHs, the correlation
is very small. Finally, we study the Ruppeiner geometry and thermal stability
of BI charged Lifshtiz BHs for different values of $z$. We observe that small
BHs are thermally unstable in some situations. Also, the behavior of
correlation between possible BH molecules for large BHs is the same as linearly
charged case. In both linearly and BI charged cases, for some choices of
parameters, the BH systems behave like a Van der Waals gas near transition
point.


title:
Grain-scale Modeling and Splash Parametrization for Aeolian Sand
  Transport

abstract:
  The collision of a spherical grain with a granular bed is commonly
parametrized by the splash function, which provides the velocity of the
rebounding grain and the velocity distribution and number of ejected grains.
Starting from elementary geometric considerations and physical principles, like
momentum conservation and energy dissipation in inelastic pair collisions, we
derive a rebound parametrization for the collision of a spherical grain with a
granular bed. Combined with a recently proposed energy-splitting model [Ho
${\it et\ al.}$, Phys. Rev. E 85, 052301 (2012)] that predicts how the impact
energy is distributed among the bed grains, this yields a coarse-grained but
complete characterization of the splash as a function of the impact velocity
and the impactor-bed grain-size ratio. The predicted mean values of the rebound
angle, total and vertical restitution, ejection speed, and number of ejected
grains are in excellent agreement with experimental literature data and with
our own discrete-element computer simulations. We extract a set of analytical
asymptotic relations for shallow impact geometries, which can readily be used
in coarse-grained analytical modeling or computer simulations of geophysical
particle-laden flows.


title:
Simple proofs of nowhere-differentiability for Weierstrass's function
  and cases of slow growth

abstract:
  Using a few basics from integration theory, a short proof of
nowhere-differentiability of Weierstrass functions is given. Restated in terms
of the Fourier transformation, the method consists in principle of a second
microlocalisation, which is used to derive two general results on existence of
nowhere differentiable functions. Examples are given in which the frequencies
are of polynomial growth and of almost quadratic growth as a borderline case.


title: It is indeed a fundamental construction of all linear codes

abstract:
  Linear codes are widely employed in communication systems, consumer
electronics, and storage devices. All linear codes over finite fields can be
generated by a generator matrix. Due to this, the generator matrix approach is
called a fundamental construction of linear codes. This is the only known
construction method that can produce all linear codes over finite fields.
Recently, a defining-set construction of linear codes over finite fields has
attracted a lot of attention, and have been employed to produce a huge number
of classes of linear codes over finite fields. It was claimed that this
approach can also generate all linear codes over finite fields. But so far, no
proof of this claim is given in the literature. The objective of this paper is
to prove this claim, and confirm that the defining-set approach is indeed a
fundamental approach to constructing all linear codes over finite fields. As a
byproduct, a trace representation of all linear codes over finite fields is
presented.


title:
Carbon Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Membranes: A Renewable Nanofilter for
  Size- and Charge Selective Enrichment of Proteins

abstract:
  In this work, we design a TiO2 nanomembrane (TiNM) that can be used as a
nanofilter platform for a selective enrichment of specific proteins. After use
the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 allow to decompose unwanted remnant on
the substrate and thus make the platform reusable. To construct this platform
we fabricate a free-standing TiO2 nanotube array and remove the bottom oxide to
form a both-end open TiNM. By pyrolysis of the natural tube wall contamination
(C/TiNM), the walls become decorated with graphitic carbon patches. Owing to
the large surface area, the amphiphilic nature and the charge adjustable
character, this C/TiNM can be used to extract and enrich hydrophobic and
charged biomolecules from solutions. Using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model
protein as well as protein mixtures, we show that the composite membrane
exhibits a highly enhanced loading capacity and protein selectivity and is
reusable after a short UV treatment.


title: Another $q$-Polynomial Approach to Cyclic Codes

abstract:
  Recently, a $q$-polynomial approach to the construction and analysis of
cyclic codes over $\gf(q)$ was given by Ding and Ling. The objective of this
paper is to give another $q$-polynomial approach to all cyclic codes over
$\gf(q)$.


title:
PENTrack---a simulation tool for ultracold neutrons, protons, and
  electrons in complex electromagnetic fields and geometries

abstract:
  Modern precision experiments trapping low-energy particles require detailed
simulations of particle trajectories and spin precession to determine
systematic measurement limitations and apparatus deficiencies. We developed
PENTrack, a tool that allows to simulate trajectories of ultracold neutrons and
their decay products---protons and electrons---and the precession of their
spins in complex geometries and electromagnetic fields. The interaction of
ultracold neutrons with matter is implemented with the Fermi-potential
formalism and diffuse scattering using Lambert and microroughness models. The
results of several benchmark simulations agree with STARucn v1.2, uncovered
several flaws in Geant4 v10.2.2, and agree with experimental data. Experiment
geometry and electromagnetic fields can be imported from commercial
computer-aided-design and finite-element software. All simulation parameters
are defined in simple text files allowing quick changes. The simulation code is
written in C++ and is freely available at github.com/wschreyer/PENTrack.git.


title: Discrepancy and large dense monochromatic subsets

abstract:
  Erd\H{o}s and Pach (1983) introduced the natural degree-based generalisations
of Ramsey numbers, where instead of seeking large monochromatic cliques in a
$2$-edge coloured complete graph, we seek monochromatic subgraphs of high
minimum or average degree. Here we expand the study of these so-called
quasi-Ramsey numbers in a few ways, in particular, to multiple colours and to
uniform hypergraphs.
  Quasi-Ramsey numbers are known to exhibit a certain unique phase transition
and we show that this is also the case across the settings we consider. Our
results depend on a density-biased notion of hypergraph discrepancy optimised
over sets of bounded size, which may be of independent interest.


title:
Accounting for the Complex Hierarchical Topology of EEG Phase-Based
  Functional Connectivity in Network Binarisation

abstract:
  Research into binary network analysis of brain function faces a
methodological challenge in selecting an appropriate threshold to binarise edge
weights. For EEG phase-based functional connectivity, we test the hypothesis
that such binarisation should take into account the complex hierarchical
structure found in functional connectivity. We explore the density range
suitable for such structure and provide a comparison of state-of-the-art
binarisation techniques, the recently proposed Cluster-Span Threshold (CST),
minimum spanning trees, efficiency-cost optimisation and union of shortest path
graphs, with arbitrary proportional thresholds and weighted networks. We test
these techniques on weighted complex hierarchy models by contrasting model
realisations with small parametric differences. We also test the robustness of
these techniques to random and targeted topological attacks.We find that the
CST performs consistenty well in state-of-the-art modelling of EEG network
topology, robustness to topological network attacks, and in three real
datasets, agreeing with our hypothesis of hierarchical complexity. This
provides interesting new evidence into the relevance of considering a large
number of edges in EEG functional connectivity research to provide
informational density in the topology.


title:
An automated image analysis framework for segmentation and division
  plane detection of single live Staphylococcus aureus cells which can operate
  at millisecond sampling time scales using bespoke Slimfield microscopy

abstract:
  Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen, giving rise to antimicrobial
resistance in cell strains such as Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Here
we report an image analysis framework for automated detection and image
segmentation of cells in S. aureus cell clusters, and explicit identification
of their cell division planes. We use a new combination of several existing
analytical tools of image analysis to detect cellular and subcellular
morphological features relevant to cell division from millisecond time scale
sampled images of live pathogens at a detection precision of single molecules.
We demonstrate this approach using a fluorescent reporter GFP fused to the
protein EzrA that localises to a mid-cell plane during division and is involved
in regulation of cell size and division. This image analysis framework presents
a valuable platform from which to study candidate new antimicrobials which
target the cell division machinery, but may also have more general application
in detecting morphologically complex structures of fluorescently labelled
proteins present in clusters of other types of cells.


title: On Sessions and Infinite Data

abstract:
  We define a novel calculus that combines a call-by-name functional core with
session-based communication primitives. We develop a typing discipline that
guarantees both normalisation of expressions and progress of processes and that
uncovers an unexpected interplay between evaluation and communication.


title: Improved constructions of nested code pairs

abstract:
  Two new constructions of linear code pairs $C_2 \subset C_1$ are given for
which the codimension and the relative minimum distances $M_1(C_1,C_2)$,
$M_1(C_2^\perp,C_1^\perp)$ are good. By this we mean that for any two out of
the three parameters the third parameter of the constructed code pair is large.
Such pairs of nested codes are indispensable for the determination of good
linear ramp secret sharing schemes [35]. They can also be used to ensure
reliable communication over asymmetric quantum channels [47]. The new
constructions result from carefully applying the Feng-Rao bounds [18,27] to a
family of codes defined from multivariate polynomials and Cartesian product
point sets.


title: An Elimination Lemma for Algebras with PBW Bases

abstract:
  Let $K$ be a field, and $A=K[a_1,\ldots ,a_n]$ a finitely generated
$K$-algebra with the PBW $K$-basis ${\cal B}=\{a_{1}^{\alpha_1}\cdots
a_{n}^{\alpha_n}~|~(\alpha_1,\ldots ,\alpha_n)\in\mathbb{N}^n\}$. It is shown
that if $L$ is a nonzero left ideal of $A$ with GK.dim$(A/L)=d<n$ ($=$ the
number of generators of $A$), then $L$ has the {\it elimination property} in
the sense that ${\bf V}(U)\cap L\ne \{0\}$ for every subset $U=\{
a_{i_1},\ldots ,a_{i_{d+1}}\}\subset\{a_1,\ldots ,a_n\}$ with $i_1<i_2<\cdots
<i_{d+1}$, where ${\bf V}(U)=K$-span$\{a_{i_1}^{\alpha_1}\cdots
a_{i_{d+1}}^{\alpha_{d+1}}~|~(\alpha_1,\ldots
,\alpha_{d+1})\in\mathbb{N}^{d+1}\}$. In terms of the structural properties of
$A$, it is also explored when the condition GK.dim$(A/L)<n$ may hold for a left
ideal $L$ of $A$. Moreover, from the viewpoint of realizing the elimination
property by means of Gr\"obner bases, it is demonstrated that if $A$ is in the
class of binomial skew polynomial rings [G-I2, Serdica Math. J., 30(2004)] or
in the class of solvable polynomial algebras [K-RW, J. Symbolic Comput.,
9(1990)], then every nonzero left ideal $L$ of $A$ satisfies GK.dim$(A/L)<$
GK.dim$A=n$ ($=$ the number of generators of $A$), thereby $L$ has the
elimination property.


title:
Magnetic excitations in quasi-one dimensional helimagnets: Magnon decays
  and in uence of the inter-chain interactions

abstract:
  We present a comprehensive study of the magnetic properties of the long-range
ordered quasi-one dimensional $J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ systems with a newly developed
torque equilibrium spin-wave expansion approach, which can describe the spin
Casimir and magnon decay effects in a unified framework. While the framework
does not lose the generality, our discussion will be restricted to two
representative types of inter-chain coupling systems: $J_{3}$- or
$J_{4}$-system respectively. In spite of the long-range spiral order, the
dynamical properties of these systems turn out to be highly nontrivial due to
the incommensurate noncollinear spin configuration and the strong quantum
fluctuation effects enhanced by the frustration and low-dimensionality. Both
the systems show prominent spin Casimir effects induced by the vacuum
fluctuation of the spin waves and related modification of the ordering vector,
Lifshitz point's position and sublattice magnetization. Significant and
spontaneous magnon decay effects are manifested in the quantum corrections to
the excitation spectrum. By adjusting the strength of magnetic anisotropy and
varying the approximation scheme, it is revealed that these striking distinct
features are quite robust and have deep connection with both the spin Casimir
and the magnon decay effects. Thus these special consequences of the
inter-chain coupling on the spin wave dynamics may be served as a set of probes
for different types of inter-chain couplings in experiments. At last, to guide
experimental measurements such as inelastic neutron scattering in realistic
materials and complement our theoretical framework, we develop the analytical
theory of the dynamical structure factor within the torque equilibrium
formulism and provide the explicit results of the quasi-one dimensional
$J_{1}$-$J_{2}$ systems.


title: On Finite-Index Indexed Grammars and Their Restrictions

abstract:
  The family, L(INDLIN), of languages generated by linear indexed grammars has
been studied in the literature. It is known that the Parikh image of every
language in L(INDLIN) is semi-linear. However, there are bounded semi linear
languages that are not in L(INDLIN). Here, we look at larger families of
(restricted) indexed languages and study their properties, their relationships,
and their decidability properties.


title:
The WAGASCI detector as an off-axis near detector of the T2K and
  Hyper-Kamiokande experiments

abstract:
  In the search for CP violation at the T2K and future Hyper-Kamiokande
experiments, it is crucial to reduce the present systematic uncertainties. The
current T2K near detector, ND280, reduces the uncertainties coming from the
neutrino beam and cross-section models from $11.9\%$ to $5.4\%$ in the
$\nu_{e}$ appearance channel. These residual uncertainties mostly come from
intrinsic limitations of ND280 due to its difference in target material and
angular acceptance with the far detector.\\ In order to show evidence
(subsequently observation) of the CP violation in the T2K phase-II and
Hyper-Kamiokande experiments, this paper proposes an upgrade of the ND280
detector. It uses a 3D grid scintillator structure surrounded by Time
Projecting Chambers in order to reconstruct particles with $\sim 4\pi$
acceptance.


title:
Retrieving challenging vessel connections in retinal images by line
  co-occurrence statistics

abstract:
  Natural images contain often curvilinear structures, which might be
disconnected, or partly occluded. Recovering the missing connection of
disconnected structures is an open issue and needs appropriate geometric
reasoning. We propose to find line co-occurrence statistics from the
centerlines of blood vessels in retinal images and show its remarkable
similarity to a well-known probabilistic model for the connectivity pattern in
the primary visual cortex. Furthermore, the probabilistic model is trained from
the data via statistics and used for automated grouping of interrupted vessels
in a spectral clustering based approach. Several challenging image patches are
investigated around junction points, where successful results indicate the
perfect match of the trained model to the profiles of blood vessels in retinal
images. Also, comparisons among several statistical models obtained from
different datasets reveals their high similarity i.e., they are independent of
the dataset. On top of that, the best approximation of the statistical model
with the symmetrized extension of the probabilistic model on the projective
line bundle is found with a least square error smaller than 2%. Apparently, the
direction process on the projective line bundle is a good continuation model
for vessels in retinal images.


title:
Highly Efficient Ion Rejection by Graphene Oxide Membranes via
  Ion-controlling Interlayer Spacing

abstract:
  Because they may provide ultrathin, high-flux, and energy-efficient membranes
for precise ionic and molecular sieving in aqueous solution, GO membranes
(partially oxidized, stacked sheets of graphene) have shown great potential in
water desalination and purification, gas and ion separation, biosensors, proton
conductors, lithium-based batteries and super-capacitors. Unlike carbon
nanotube (CNT) membranes, in which the nanotube pores have fixed sizes, the
pores of GO membranes - the interlayer spacing between GO sheets - are of
variable size. This presents a challenge for using GO membranes for filtration.
Despite the great efforts to tune and fix the interlayer spacing, it remains
difficult both to reduce the interlayer spacing sufficiently to exclude small
ions while keeping this separation constant against the tendency of GO
membranes to swell when immersed in aqueous solution, which greatly affects the
applications of GO membranes. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that highly
efficient and selective ion rejection by GO membranes can be readily achieved
by controlling the interlayer spacing of GO membranes using cations (K+, Na+,
Ca2+, Li+ and Mg2+) themselves. The interspacing can be controlled with
precision as small as 1 A, and GO membranes controlled by one kind of cation
can exclude other cations with a larger hydrated volume, which can only be
accommodated with a larger interlayer spacing. First-principles calculations
reveal that the strong noncovalent cation-pi interactions between hydrated
cations in solution and aromatic ring structures in GO are the cause of this
unexpected behavior. These findings open up new avenues for using GO membranes
for water desalination and purification, lithium-based batteries and
super-capacitors, molecular sieves for separating ions or molecules, and many
other applications.


title:
Clinical Text Prediction with Numerically Grounded Conditional Language
  Models

abstract:
  Assisted text input techniques can save time and effort and improve text
quality. In this paper, we investigate how grounded and conditional extensions
to standard neural language models can bring improvements in the tasks of word
prediction and completion. These extensions incorporate a structured knowledge
base and numerical values from the text into the context used to predict the
next word. Our automated evaluation on a clinical dataset shows extended models
significantly outperform standard models. Our best system uses both
conditioning and grounding, because of their orthogonal benefits. For word
prediction with a list of 5 suggestions, it improves recall from 25.03% to
71.28% and for word completion it improves keystroke savings from 34.35% to
44.81%, where theoretical bound for this dataset is 58.78%. We also perform a
qualitative investigation of how models with lower perplexity occasionally fare
better at the tasks. We found that at test time numbers have more influence on
the document level than on individual word probabilities.


title:
Automatically 'Verifying' Discrete-Time Complex Systems through
  Learning, Abstraction and Refinement

abstract:
  Precisely modeling complex systems like cyber-physical systems is
challenging, which often render model-based system verification techniques like
model checking infeasible. To overcome this challenge, we propose a method
called LAR to automatically `verify' such complex systems through a combination
of learning, abstraction and refinement from a set of system log traces. We
assume that log traces and sampling frequency are adequate to capture `enough'
behaviour of the system. Given a safety property and the concrete system log
traces as input, LAR automatically learns and refines system models, and
produces two kinds of outputs. One is a counterexample with a bounded
probability of being spurious. The other is a probabilistic model based on
which the given property is `verified'. The model can be viewed as a proof
obligation, i.e., the property is verified if the model is correct. It can also
be used for subsequent system analysis activities like runtime monitoring or
model-based testing. Our method has been implemented as a self-contained
software toolkit. The evaluation on multiple benchmark systems as well as a
real-world water treatment system shows promising results.


title:
The influence of dust grain porosity on the analysis of debris disc
  observations

abstract:
  Debris discs are often modelled assuming compact dust grains, but more and
more evidence for the presence of porous grains is found. We aim at quantifying
the systematic errors introduced when modelling debris discs composed of porous
dust with a disc model assuming spherical, compact grains. We calculate the
optical dust properties derived via the fast, but simple effective medium
theory. The theoretical lower boundary of the size distribution -- the
so-called 'blowout size' -- is compared in the cases of compact and porous
grains. Finally, we simulate observations of hypothetical debris discs with
different porosities and feed them into a fitting procedure using only compact
grains. The deviations of the results for compact grains from the original
model based on porous grains are analysed. We find that the blowout size
increases with increasing grain porosity up to a factor of two. An analytical
approximation function for the blowout size as a function of porosity and
stellar luminosity is derived. The analysis of the geometrical disc set-up,
when constrained by radial profiles, are barely affected by the porosity.
However, the determined minimum grain size and the slope of the grain size
distribution derived using compact grains are significantly overestimated.
Thus, the unexpectedly high ratio of minimum grain size to blowout size found
by previous studies using compact grains can be partially described by dust
grain porosity, although the effect is not strong enough to completely explain
the trend.


title: Diagrams for Relative Trisections

abstract:
  We establish a correspondence between trisections of smooth, compact,
oriented $4$--manifolds with connected boundary and diagrams describing these
trisected $4$--manifolds. Such a diagram comes in the form of a compact,
oriented surface with boundary together with three tuples of simple closed
curves, with possibly fewer curves than the genus of the surface, satisfying a
pairwise standardness condition. This should be thought of as the
$4$--dimensional analog of a sutured Heegaard diagram for a sutured
$3$--manifold. We also give many foundational examples.


title: Hausdorff dimension and uniform exponents in dimension two

abstract:
  In this paper we prove the Hausdorff dimension of the set of (nondegenerate)
singular two-dimensional vectors with uniform exponent $\mu$ $\in$ (1/2, 1) is
2(1 -- $\mu$) when $\mu$ $\ge$ $\sqrt$ 2/2, whereas for $\mu$ \textless{}
$\sqrt$ 2/2 it is greater than 2(1 -- $\mu$) and at most (3 -- 2$\mu$)(1 --
$\mu$)/(1 + $\mu$ + $\mu$ 2). We also establish that this dimension tends to
4/3 (which is the dimension of the set of singular two-dimensional vectors)
when $\mu$ tends to 1/2. These results improve upon previous estimates of R.
Baker, joint work of the first author with M. Laurent, and unpublished work of
M. Laurent. We also prove a lower bound on the packing dimension that is
strictly greater than the Hausdorff dimension for $\mu$ $\ge$ 0.565. .. .


title: NIHAO XII: galactic uniformity in a \Lambda CDM universe

abstract:
  We use a sample of 83 high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations and a
semi-analytic model (SAM) to study the stochasticity of galaxy formation in
haloes ranging from dwarf to Milky Way masses. Our simulated galaxies reproduce
the observed inefficiency of galaxy formation as expressed through the stellar,
gas and baryonic Tully-Fisher relations. For HI velocities in the range (70 < V
< 220 km/s), the scatter is just 0.08 to 0.14 dex, consistent with the observed
intrinsic scatter at these scales. At low velocities (20 < V < 70 km/s), the
simulated scatter is 0.2-0.25 dex, which could be tested with future
observations. The scatter in the stellar mass versus dark halo velocity
relation is constant for 30 < V < 180 km/s, and smaller (~0.17 dex) when using
the maximum circular velocity of the dark matter only simulation, Vmax,
compared to the virial velocity ($V_{200}$ or $V_{200}^{DMO}$). The scatter in
stellar mass is correlated with halo concentration, and is minimized when using
a circular velocity at a fixed fraction of the virial radius $\simeq 0.4
R_{200}$ or with $V_{\alpha}=V_{200}^{DMO} (V_{max}^{DMO} /
V_{200}^{DMO})^\alpha$ with \alpha ~ 0.7, consistent with constraints from halo
clustering. Using the SAM we show the correlation between halo formation time
and concentration is essential in order to reproduce this result. This
uniformity in galaxy formation efficiency we see in our hydrodynamical
simulations and a semi-analytic model proves the simplicity and self-regulating
nature of galaxy formation in a \Lambda Cold Dark Matter universe.


title:
Efficient computation of terms of linear recurrence sequences of any
  order

abstract:
  In this paper we give efficient algorithms for computing second-, third-, and
fourth-order linear recurrences. We also present an algorithm scheme for
computing terms with the indices $N,\ldots,N+n-1$ of an $n$th-order linear
recurrence. Unlike Fiduccia's algorithm our approach uses certain formulas for
modular polynomial squarings.


title: Kinetics of nano-size Ferroelectrics

abstract:
  We analyze theoretically the finite-temperature polarization dynamic in
displacive-type ferroelectrics. In particular we consider the
thermally-activated switching time of a single-domain ferroelectric
polarization studied by means of the Landau-Khalatnikov equation, extended as
to capture thermal fluctuations. The results are compared with the switching
time formula that follows from the analytical solution of Pauli master
equations. In a second step we focus on the phase diagram of a prototypical
ferroelectric as described by the temperature-dependent Landau-Devonshire model
including thermal fluctuations. Our simulations show the emergence of phase
instability at reduced sizes which we attribute to thermal fluctuations in the
order parameter in the respective phase. We conclude that, along with the
temperature-dependent potential coefficients, thermal fluctuations should be
taken into account to achieve a comprehensive description of the thermal
behavior of reduced-size ferroelectrics. To endorse our conclusions, we
simulated the electric-field activated switching time for a multi-domain system
and compared the results to the predictions of well-established models such as
the Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi.


title:
Subgraphs with large minimum $\ell$-degree in hypergraphs where almost
  all $\ell$-degrees are large

abstract:
  Let $G$ be an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices such that all but at
most $\varepsilon \binom{n}{\ell}$ $\ell$-subsets of vertices have degree at
least $p \binom{n-\ell}{r-\ell}$.
  We show that $G$ contains a large subgraph with high minimum $\ell$-degree.


title: Weyl calculus in Wiener spaces and in QED

abstract:
  The concern of this article is a semiclassical Weyl calculus on an infinite
dimensional Hilbert space $H$. If $(i, H, B)$ is a Wiener triplet associated to
$H$, the quantum state space will be the space of $L^2$ functions on $B$ with
respect to a Gaussian measure with $h/2$ variance, where $h$ is the
semiclassical parameter. We prove the boundedness of our pseudodifferential
operators (PDO) in the spirit of Calder\'on-Vaillancourt with an explicit
bound, a Beals type characterization, and metaplectic covariance. An
application to a model of quantum electrodynamics (QED) is added in the last
section, for fixed spin $1/2$ particles interacting with the quantized
electromagnetic field (photons). We prove that some observable time evolutions,
the spin evolutions, the magnetic and electric evolutions when subtracting
their free evolutions, are PDO in our class.


title: R-modes and neutron star recycling scenario

abstract:
  To put new constraints on the r-mode instability window, we analyse the
formation of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) within the recycling scenario, making
use of three sets of observations: (a) X-ray observations of neutron stars
(NSs) in low-mass X-ray binaries; (b) timing of millisecond pulsars; and (c)
X-ray and UV observations of MSPs. As shown in previous works, r-mode
dissipation by shear viscosity is not sufficient to explain observational set
(a), and enhanced r-mode dissipation at the red-shifted internal temperatures
$T^\infty\sim 10^8$ K is required to stabilize the observed NSs. Here, we argue
that models with enhanced bulk viscosity can hardly lead to a self-consistent
explanation of observational set (a) due to strong neutrino emission, which is
typical for these models (unrealistically powerful energy source is required to
keep NSs at the observed temperatures). We also demonstrate that the
observational set (b), combined with the theory of internal heating and NS
cooling, provides evidence of enhanced r-mode dissipation at low temperatures,
$T^\infty\sim 2\times 10^7$ K. Observational set (c) allows us to set an upper
limit on the internal temperatures of MSPs, $T^\infty<2\times 10^7$ K (assuming
a canonical NS with the accreted crust). Recycling scenario can produce MSPs at
these temperatures only if r-mode instability is suppressed in the whole MSP
spin frequency range ($\nu\lesssim 750$ Hz) at temperatures $2\times
10^7\lesssim T^\infty\lesssim 3 \times 10^7$ K, providing thus a new constraint
on the r-mode instability window. These observational constraints are analysed
in more details in application to the resonance uplift scenario of Gusakov et
al. [Phys. Rev. Lett., 112 (2014), 151101].


title: Semidefinite programming strong converse bounds for classical capacity

abstract:
  We investigate the classical communication over quantum channels when
assisted by no-signaling (NS) and positive-partial-transpose-preserving (PPT)
codes, for which both the optimal success probability of a given transmission
rate and the one-shot $\epsilon$-error capacity are formalized as semidefinite
programs (SDPs). Based on this, we obtain improved SDP finite blocklength
converse bounds of general quantum channels for entanglement-assisted codes and
unassisted codes. Furthermore, we derive two SDP strong converse bounds for the
classical capacity of general quantum channels: for any code with a rate
exceeding either of the two bounds of the channel, the success probability
vanishes exponentially fast as the number of channel uses increases. In
particular, applying our efficiently computable bounds, we derive an improved
upper bound on the classical capacity of the amplitude damping channel. We also
establish the strong converse property for the classical and private capacities
of a new class of quantum channels. We finally study the zero-error setting and
provide efficiently computable upper bounds on the one-shot zero-error capacity
of a general quantum channel.


title:
Anfrage-getriebener Wissenstransfer zur Unterstuetzung von
  Datenanalysten

abstract:
  In larger organizations, multiple teams of data scientists have to integrate
data from heterogeneous data sources as preparation for data analysis tasks.
Writing effective analytical queries requires data scientists to have in-depth
knowledge of the existence, semantics, and usage context of data sources. Once
gathered, such knowledge is informally shared within a specific team of data
scientists, but usually is neither formalized nor shared with other teams.
Potential synergies remain unused. We therefore introduce a novel approach
which extends data management systems with additional knowledge-sharing
capabilities to facilitate user collaboration without altering established data
analysis workflows. Relevant collective knowledge from the query log is
extracted to support data source discovery and incremental data integration.
Extracted knowledge is formalized and provided at query time.


title: Multiparticle collision dynamics in porous media

abstract:
  Multiparticle collision dynamics (MPCD) is a relatively new algorithm of
fluid flow simulations that has been applied mostly to flows around simple
objects. One might ask how it behaves in more complex flows. Therefore, we
extend MPCD to simulate transport in porous media. For this, a particle-level
drag force is introduced into the original algorithm. The force hinders the
flow, which results in global resistance to flow and decrease of permeability.
The extended algorithm is validated in the flow through a porous channel and
compared with an analytical solution. Some basic properties of the solver are
investigated.


title: Barrier-top resonances for non globally analytic potentials

abstract:
  We give the semiclassical asymptotic of barrier-top resonances for
Schr\"{o}dinger operators on ${\mathbb R}^{n}$, $n \geq 1$, whose potential is
$C^{\infty}$ everywhere and analytic at infinity. In the globally analytic
setting, this has already been obtained. Our proof is based on a propagation of
singularities theorem at a hyperbolic fixed point that we establish here. This
last result refines a theorem of the same authors, and its proof follows
another approach.


title:
Accelerating BLAS on Custom Architecture through Algorithm-Architecture
  Co-design

abstract:
  Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) play key role in high performance and
scientific computing applications. Experimentally, yesteryear multicore and
General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) are capable of achieving up
to 15 to 57% of the theoretical peak performance at 65W to 240W respectively
for compute bound operations like Double/Single Precision General Matrix
Multiplication (XGEMM). For bandwidth bound operations like Single/Double
precision Matrix-vector Multiplication (XGEMV) the performance is merely 5 to
7% of the theoretical peak performance in multicores and GPGPUs respectively.
Achieving performance in BLAS requires moving away from conventional wisdom and
evolving towards customized accelerator tailored for BLAS through
algorithm-architecture co-design. In this paper, we present acceleration of
Level-1 (vector operations), Level-2 (matrix-vector operations), and Level-3
(matrix-matrix operations) BLAS through algorithm architecture co-design on a
Coarse-grained Reconfigurable Architecture (CGRA). We choose REDEFINE CGRA as a
platform for our experiments since REDEFINE can be adapted to support domain of
interest through tailor-made Custom Function Units (CFUs). For efficient
sequential realization of BLAS, we present design of a Processing Element (PE)
and perform micro-architectural enhancements in the PE to achieve up-to 74% of
the theoretical peak performance of PE in DGEMM, 40% in DGEMV and 20% in double
precision inner product (DDOT). We attach this PE to REDEFINE CGRA as a CFU and
show the scalability of our solution. Finally, we show performance improvement
of 3-140x in PE over commercially available Intel micro-architectures,
ClearSpeed CSX700, FPGA, and Nvidia GPGPUs.


title:
Enhanced metallic properties of SrRuO3 thin films via kinetically
  controlled pulsed laser epitaxy

abstract:
  Metal electrodes are a universal element of all electronic devices.
Conducting SrRuO3 (SRO) epitaxial thin films have been extensively used as
electrodes in complex-oxide heterostructures due to good lattice mismatches
with perovskite substrates. However, when compared to SRO single crystals, SRO
thin films have shown reduced conductivity and Curie temperatures (T_C), which
can lead to higher Joule heating and energy loss in the devices. Here, we
report that high-quality SRO thin films can be synthesized by controlling the
plume dynamics and growth rate of pulsed laser epitaxy (PLE) with real-time
optical spectroscopic monitoring. The SRO thin films grown under the
kinetically controlled conditions, down to ca. 16 nm in thickness, exhibit both
enhanced conductivity and T_C as compared to bulk values, due to their improved
stoichiometry and a strain-mediated increase of the bandwidth of Ru 4d
electrons. This result provides a direction for enhancing the physical
properties of PLE-grown thin films and paves a way for improved device
applications.

categories: cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con


title:
On the number of nonnegative solutions of a system of linear Diophantine
  equations

abstract:
  We derive a closed expression for the number of nonnegative solutions of a
certain system of linear Diophantine equations. The motivation comes from high
energy physics where the nonnegative solutions play a crucial role in the
perturbative calculation for a class of Lagrangians describing the interaction
of an atom with a boson field or a non-linear interaction of boson fields among
themselves (the so-called interacting phi^n models). The linear system can be
solved and the nonnegative solutions enumerated but a closed expression for the
number of solutions is preferable to counting the solutions. Interestingly, the
problem led to a construction of a simpler linear Diophantine system whose
nonnegative number of solutions turns out to be the magic constant.


title: Computable Absolutely Pisot Normal Numbers

abstract:
  We analyze the convergence order of an algorithm producing the digits of an
absolutely normal number. Furthermore, we introduce a stronger concept of
absolute normality by allowing Pisot numbers as bases, which leads to
expansions with non-integer bases.


title: Compositions of polyharmonic mappings

abstract:
  The paper is devoted to the study of compositions of polyharmonic mappings in
simply connected domains. More precisely, we determine necessary and sufficient
conditions of polyharmonic mapping $f$ such that $f\circ F$ (resp. $F\circ f$)
is $l$-harmonic for any analytic function (or harmonic mapping but not
analytic, or $q$-harmonic mapping but not $(q-1)$-harmonic) $F$.


title: Kinematic formulas on the quaternionic plane

abstract:
  We introduce different bases for the vector space of
$\mathrm{Sp}(2)\mathrm{Sp}(1)$-invariant, translation invariant continuous
valuations on the quaternionic plane and determine a complete set of kinematic
formulas.


title:
Single photon superradiance and cooperative Lamb shift in an
  optoelectronic device

abstract:
  Single photon superradiance is a strong enhancement of spontaneous emission
appearing when a single excitation is shared between a large number of
two-level systems. This enhanced rate can be accompanied by a shift of the
emission frequency, the cooperative Lamb shift, issued from the exchange of
virtual photons between the emitters. In this work we present a semiconductor
optoelectronic device allowing the observation of these two phenomena at room
temperature. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that plasma
oscillations in spatially separated quantum wells interact through real and
virtual photon exchange. This gives rise to a superradiant mode displaying a
large cooperative Lamb shift.


title:
In-beam measurement of the hydrogen hyperfine splitting - towards
  antihydrogen spectroscopy

abstract:
  Antihydrogen, the lightest atom consisting purely of antimatter, is an ideal
laboratory to study the CPT symmetry by comparison to hydrogen. With respect to
absolute precision, transitions within the ground-state hyperfine structure
(GS-HFS) are most appealing by virtue of their small energy separation. ASACUSA
proposed employing a beam of cold antihydrogen atoms in a Rabi-type experiment
to determine the GS-HFS in a field-free region. Here we present a measurement
of the zero-field hydrogen GS-HFS using the spectroscopy apparatus of ASACUSA's
antihydrogen experiment. The measured value of
$\nu_\mathrm{HF}$=$1~420~405~748.4(3.4)(1.6)~\textrm{Hz}$ with a relative
precision of $\Delta$$\nu_\mathrm{HF}$/$\nu_\mathrm{HF}$=$2.7\times10^{-9}$
constitutes the most precise determination of this quantity in a beam and
verifies the developed spectroscopy methods for the antihydrogen HFS experiment
to the ppb level. Together with the recently presented observation of
antihydrogen atoms $2.7~\textrm{m}$ downstream of the production region, the
prerequisites for a measurement with antihydrogen are now available within the
ASACUSA collaboration.


title: $\mu$-Bicomplete Categories and Parity Games

abstract:
  For an arbitrary category, we consider the least class of functors con-
taining the projections and closed under finite products, finite coproducts,
parameterized initial algebras and parameterized final coalgebras, i.e. the
class of functors that are definable by $\mu$-terms. We call the category
$\mu$-bicomplete if every $\mu$-term defines a functor. We provide concrete ex-
amples of such categories and explicitly characterize this class of functors
for the category of sets and functions. This goal is achieved through par- ity
games: we associate to each game an algebraic expression and turn the game into
a term of a categorical theory. We show that $\mu$-terms and parity games are
equivalent, meaning that they define the same property of being
$\mu$-bicomplete. Finally, the interpretation of a parity game in the category
of sets is shown to be the set of deterministic winning strategies for a chosen
player.


title: On R-duals of type III in Hilbert spaces

abstract:
  Following work by Casazza, Kutyniok and Lammers, and extensions by Stoeva and
Christensen, we provide some novel characterizations of R-dual sequences of
type III in Hilbert spaces. We systematically extend the construction procedure
by basing it on a choice of an antiunitary involution. For certain classes of
R-duals of type III, we derive a representation of the associated frame
operator in terms of spectral measures.


title: Dynamic Probabilistic Network Based Human Action Recognition

abstract:
  This paper examines use of dynamic probabilistic networks (DPN) for human
action recognition. The actions of lifting objects and walking in the room,
sitting in the room and neutral standing pose were used for testing the
classification. The research used the dynamic interrelation between various
different regions of interest (ROI) on the human body (face, body, arms, legs)
and the time series based events related to the these ROIs. This dynamic links
are then used to recognize the human behavioral aspects in the scene. First a
model is developed to identify the human activities in an indoor scene and this
model is dependent on the key features and interlinks between the various
dynamic events using DPNs. The sub ROI are classified with DPN to associate the
combined interlink with a specific human activity. The recognition accuracy
performance between indoor (controlled lighting conditions) is compared with
the outdoor lighting conditions. The accuracy in outdoor scenes was lower than
the controlled environment.


title:
Photometric properties of intermediate redshift Type Ia Supernovae
  observed by SDSS-II Supernova Survey

abstract:
  We have analyzed multi-band light curves of 328 intermediate redshift (0.05
<= z < 0.24) type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed by the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey-II Supernova Survey (SDSS-II SN Survey). The multi-band light curves
were parameterized by using the Multi-band Stretch Method, which can simply
parameterize light curve shapes and peak brightness without dust extinction
models. We found that most of the SNe Ia which appeared in red host galaxies (u
- r > 2.5) don't have a broad light curve width and the SNe Ia which appeared
in blue host galaxies (u - r < 2.0) have a variety of light curve widths. The
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows that the colour distribution of SNe Ia appeared
in red / blue host galaxies is different (significance level of 99.9%). We also
investigate the extinction law of host galaxy dust. As a result, we find the
value of Rv derived from SNe Ia with medium light curve width is consistent
with the standard Galactic value. On the other hand, the value of Rv derived
from SNe Ia that appeared in red host galaxies becomes significantly smaller.
These results indicate that there may be two types of SNe Ia with different
intrinsic colours, and they are obscured by host galaxy dust with two different
properties.


title:
Luminescence of water or ice as a new detection method for magnetic
  monopoles

abstract:
  Cosmic ray detectors use air as a radiator for luminescence. In water and
ice, Cherenkov light is the dominant light producing mechanism when the
particle's velocity exceeds the Cherenkov threshold, approximately three
quarters of the speed of light in vacuum. Luminescence is produced by highly
ionizing particles passing through matter due to the electronic excitation of
the surrounding molecules. The observables of luminescence, such as the
wavelength spectrum and decay times, are highly dependent on the properties of
the medium, in particular, temperature and purity. The results for the light
yield of luminescence of previous measurements vary by two orders of magnitude.
It will be shown that even for the lowest measured light yield, luminescence is
an important signature of highly ionizing particles below the Cherenkov
threshold. These could be magnetic monopoles or other massive and highly
ionizing exotic particles. With the highest observed efficiencies, luminescence
may even contribute significantly to the light output of standard model
particles such as the PeV IceCube neutrinos. We present analysis techniques to
use luminescence in neutrino telescopes and discuss experimental setups to
measure the light yield of luminescence for the particular conditions in
neutrino detectors.


title:
Updating the Inverse of a Matrix When Removing the $i$th Row and Column
  with an Application to Disease Modeling

abstract:
  The Sherman-Woodbury-Morrison (SWM) formula gives an explicit formula for the
inverse perturbation of a matrix in terms of the inverse of the original matrix
and the perturbation. This formula is useful for numerical applications. We
have produced similar results, giving an expression for the inverse of a matrix
when the $i$th row and column are removed. However, our expression involves
taking a limit, which inhibits use in similar applications as the SWM formula.
However, using our expression to find an analytical result on the spectral
radius of a special product of two matrices leads to an application. In
particular, we find a way to compute the fundamental reproductive ratio of a
relapsing disease being spread by a vector among two species of host that
undergo a different number of relapses.


title:
Representing permutations without permutations, or the expressive power
  of sequence types

abstract:
  Recent works by Asada, Ong and Tsukada have championed a rigid description of
resources. Whereas in non-rigid paradigms (e.g., standard Taylor expansion or
non-idempotent intersection types), bags of resources are multisets and
invariant under permutation, in the rigid ones, permutations must be processed
explicitly and can be allowed or disallowed. Rigidity enables a fine-grained
control of reduction paths and their effects on e.g., typing derivations. We
previously introduced a very constrained coinductive type system (system S) in
which permutation is completely disallowed. One may wonder in what extent the
absence of permutations causes a loss of expressivity w.r.t. reduction paths,
compared to a usual multiset framework or a rigid one allowing permutations. We
answer this question in the most general case i.e. coinductive type grammars
without validity conditions. Our main contribution is to prove that not only
every non-idempotent derivation can be represented by a rigid, permutation-free
derivation, but also that any dynamic behavior may be captured in this way. In
other words, we prove that system S has full expressive power over
multiset/permutation-inclusive intersection.


title: Convex cones, integral zonotopes, limit shape

abstract:
  This paper is about integral zonotopes. It is proven that large zonotopes in
a convex cone have a limit shape, meaning that, after suitable scaling, the
overwhelming majority of the zonotopes are very close to a fixed convex set.
Several combinatorial properties of large zonotopes are established.


title: Which-way double slit experiments and Born rule violation

abstract:
  In which-way double-slit experiments with perfect detectors, it is assumed
that having a second detector at the slits is redundant, as it will not change
the interference pattern. We however show that if higher-order or non-classical
paths are accounted for, the presence of the second detector will have an
effect on the interference pattern. Accounting for these non-classical paths
also means that the Sorkin parameter in triple-slit experiments is only an
approximate measure of Born rule violation. Using the difference between single
and double which-way detectors, we give an alternative parameter which is an
exact measure of Born rule violation.


title: A Growing Long-term Episodic & Semantic Memory

abstract:
  The long-term memory of most connectionist systems lies entirely in the
weights of the system. Since the number of weights is typically fixed, this
bounds the total amount of knowledge that can be learned and stored. Though
this is not normally a problem for a neural network designed for a specific
task, such a bound is undesirable for a system that continually learns over an
open range of domains. To address this, we describe a lifelong learning system
that leverages a fast, though non-differentiable, content-addressable memory
which can be exploited to encode both a long history of sequential episodic
knowledge and semantic knowledge over many episodes for an unbounded number of
domains. This opens the door for investigation into transfer learning, and
leveraging prior knowledge that has been learned over a lifetime of experiences
to new domains.


title: An analytical model of iceberg drift

abstract:
  Iceberg drift and decay and the associated freshwater release are
increasingly seen as important processes in Earth's climate system, yet a
detailed understanding of their dynamics has remained elusive. Here, an
idealized model of iceberg drift is presented. The model is designed to include
the most salient physical processes that determine iceberg motion while
remaining sufficiently simple to facilitate physical insight into iceberg drift
dynamics. We derive an analytical solution of the model, which helps build
understanding and also enables the rapid computation of large numbers of
iceberg trajectories. The long-standing empirical rule of thumb that icebergs
drift at 2% of the wind velocity, relative to the ocean current, is derived
here from physical first principles, and it is shown that this relation only
holds in the limit of strong winds or small icebergs, which approximately
applies for typical icebergs in the Arctic. It is demonstrated that the
opposite limit of weak winds or large icebergs approximately applies for
typical Antarctic tabular icebergs, and that in this case the icebergs simply
move with the ocean surface current. It is furthermore found that when winds
are strong, wind drag drives icebergs in the direction the wind blows, whereas
weak winds drive icebergs at a 90 degree angle to the wind direction.


title:
Ultra-bright GeV photon source via controlled electromagnetic cascades
  in laser-dipole waves

abstract:
  One aim of upcoming high-intensity laser facilities is to provide new
high-flux gamma-ray sources. Electromagnetic cascades may serve for this, but
are known to limit both field strengths and particle energies, restricting
efficient production of photons to sub-GeV energies. Here we show how to create
a directed GeV photon source, enabled by a controlled interplay between the
cascade and anomalous radiative trapping. Using advanced 3D QED
particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations and analytic estimates, we show that the
concept is feasible for planned peak powers of 10 PW level. A higher peak power
of 40 PW can provide $10^9$ photons with GeV energies in a well-collimated 3 fs
beam, achieving peak brilliance ${9 \times 10^{24}}$ ph
s$^{-1}$mrad$^{-2}$mm$^{-2}$/0.1${\%}$BW. Such a source would be a powerful
tool for studying fundamental electromagnetic and nuclear processes.


title:
The K-meson form factor and charge radius: linking low-energy data to
  future high-energy Jefferson Laboratory results

abstract:
  Starting from a successful model of the pi-meson electromagnetic form factor,
we calculate the similar form factor, f_K(Q^2), of the charged K meson for a
wide range of the momentum transfer squared, Q^2. The only remaining free
parameter is to be determined from the measurements of the K-meson charge
radius, r_K. We fit this single parameter to the published data of the NA-7
experiment which measured f_K(Q^2) at Q^2->0 and determine our preferred range
of r_K, which happens to be close to recent lattice results. Still, the
accuracy in the determination of r_K is poor. However, future measurements of
the K-meson electromagnetic form factor at Q^2<~5.5 GeV^2, scheduled in
Jefferson Laboratory for 2017, will test our approach and will reduce the
uncertainty in r_K significantly.


title:
Sonic Landau-level lasing and synthetic gauge fields in mechanical
  metamaterials

abstract:
  Mechanical strain can lead to a synthetic gauge field that controls the
dynamics of electrons in graphene sheets as well as light in photonic crystals.
Here, we show how to engineer an analogous synthetic gauge field for lattice
vibrations. Our approach relies on one of two strategies: shearing a honeycomb
lattice of masses and springs or patterning its local material stiffness. As a
result, vibrational spectra with discrete Landau levels are generated. Upon
tuning the strength of the gauge field, we can control the density of states
and transverse spatial confinement of sound in the metamaterial. We also use
the gauge field to design waveguides in which sound propagates robustly, as a
consequence of the change in topological polarization that occurs along a
domain wall in the bulk of the metamaterial. By introducing dissipation, we can
selectively enhance the domain-wall-bound topological sound mode, a feature
that may be exploited for the design of sound amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation - SASERs, the mechanical analogs of lasers.


title:
The perihelion activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as seen by
  robotic telescopes

abstract:
  Around the time of its perihelion passage the observability of
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Earth was limited to very short windows each
morning from any given site, due to the low solar elongation of the comet. The
peak in the comet's activity was therefore difficult to observe with
conventionally scheduled telescopes, but was possible where service/queue
scheduled mode was possible, and with robotic telescopes. We describe the
robotic observations that allowed us to measure the total activity of the comet
around perihelion, via photometry (dust) and spectroscopy (gas), and compare
these results with the measurements at this time by Rosetta's instruments. The
peak of activity occurred approximately two weeks after perihelion. The total
brightness (dust) largely followed the predictions from Snodgrass et al. 2013,
with no significant change in total activity levels from previous apparitions.
The CN gas production rate matched previous orbits near perihelion, but
appeared to be relatively low later in the year.


title:
A correlated-cluster model and the ridge phenomenon in hadron-hadron
  collisions

abstract:
  A study of the near-side ridge phenomenon in hadron-hadron collisions based
on a cluster picture of multiparticle production is presented. The near-side
ridge effect is shown to have a natural explanation in this context provided
that clusters are produced in a correlated manner in the collision transverse
plane.