title: Properties of massive star-forming clumps with infall motions

abstract:
  In this work, we aim to characterise high-mass clumps with infall motions. We
selected 327 clumps from the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90-GHz (MALT90)
survey, and identified 100 infall candidates. Combined with the results of He
et al. (2015), we obtained a sample of 732 high-mass clumps, including 231
massive infall candidates and 501 clumps where infall is not detected. Objects
in our sample were classified as pre-stellar, proto-stellar, HII or
photo-dissociation region (PDR). The detection rates of the infall candidates
in the pre-stellar, proto-stellar, HII and PDR stages are 41.2%, 36.6%, 30.6%
and 12.7%, respectively. The infall candidates have a higher H$_{2}$ column
density and volume density compared with the clumps where infall is not
detected at every stage. For the infall candidates, the median values of the
infall rates at the pre-stellar, proto-stellar, HII and PDR stages are
2.6$\times$10$^{-3}$, 7.0$\times$10$^{-3}$, 6.5$\times$10$^{-3}$ and
5.5$\times$10$^{-3}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, respectively. These values indicate
that infall candidates at later evolutionary stages are still accumulating
material efficiently. It is interesting to find that both infall candidates and
clumps where infall is not detected show a clear trend of increasing mass from
the pre-stellar to proto-stellar, and to the HII stages. The power indices of
the clump mass function (ClMF) are 2.04$\pm$0.16 and 2.17$\pm$0.31 for the
infall candidates and clumps where infall is not detected, respectively, which
agree well with the power index of the stellar initial mass function (2.35) and
the cold Planck cores (2.0).


title:
From Pseudo-bosons to Pseudo-Hermiticity via multiple generalized
  Bogoliubov transformations

abstract:
  We consider the special type of pseudo-bosonic systems that can be mapped to
standard bosons by means of generalized Bogoliubov transformation and
demonstrate that a pseudo-Hermitian systems can be obtained from them by means
of a second subsequent Bogoliubov transformation. We employ these operators in
a simple model and study three different types of scenarios for the constraints
on the model parameters giving rise to a Hermitian system, a pseudo-Hermitian
system in which the second the Bogoliubov transformations is equivalent to the
associated Dyson map and one in which we obtain D-quasi bases.


title:
Singular ridge regression with homoscedastic residuals: generalization
  error with estimated parameters

abstract:
  This paper characterizes the conditional distribution properties of the
finite sample ridge regression estimator and uses that result to evaluate total
regression and generalization errors that incorporate the inaccuracies
committed at the time of parameter estimation. The paper provides explicit
formulas for those errors. Unlike other classical references in this setup, our
results take place in a fully singular setup that does not assume the existence
of a solution for the non-regularized regression problem. In exchange, we
invoke a conditional homoscedasticity hypothesis on the regularized regression
residuals that is crucial in our developments.


title: Laplace-Beltrami equation on hypersurfaces and $\Gamma$-convergence

abstract:
  We investigate a mixed boundary value problem for the stationary heat
transfer equation in a thin layer with a mid hypersurface $\mathcal{C}$ in
$\mathbb{R}^3$ with the boundary. The main object is to trace what happens in
$\Gamma$-limit when the thickness of the layer converges to zero. The limit
Dirichlet BVP for the Laplace-Beltrami equation on the surface is described
explicitly and we show how the Neumann boundary conditions in the initial BVP
transform in the $\Gamma$-limit. For this we apply the variational formulation
and the calculus of G\"unter's tangential differential operators on a
hypersurface and layers, which allow global representation of basic
differential operators and of corresponding boundary value problems in terms of
the standard Euclidean coordinates of the ambient space $\mathbb{R}^n$.


title:
Scalar and tensor glueball decay rates from the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto
  model

abstract:
  The holographic Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model is an almost parameter-free
approximation to large-N QCD with chiral quarks that in a number of cases gives
surprisingly good quantitative results for light meson physics. It also allows
for predictions of the decay rates of glueballs into pseudoscalar and vector
mesons through the coupling of modes on the flavor branes to the massive
gravitational modes in the bulk. Including effects from finite quark masses
leads to an enhancement of the decay of scalar glueballs into heavier
pseudoscalars in good agreement with the decay pattern observed for the scalar
glueball candidate f0(1710). Tensor glueballs are found to have a large width
when their masses are above the 2 rho and 2 K* thresholds. With a mass as
suggested by lattice gauge theory the lowest tensor glueball appears to be too
broad to be observable, in contrast to the pseudoscalar glueball which may be a
rather narrow state.


title:
Mixed boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a model 2D
  angular domain

abstract:
  The purpose of the present research is to investigate model mixed boundary
value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a planar angular domain
$\Omega_\alpha\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ of magnitude $\alpha$. The BVP is considered
in a non-classical setting when a solution is sought in the Bessel potential
spaces $\mathbb{H}^s_p(\Omega_\alpha)$, $s>1/p$, $1<p<\infty$. The problems are
investigated using the potential method by reducing them to an equivalent
boun\-dary integral equation (BIE) in the Sobolev-Slobode\v{c}kii space on a
semi-infinite axes $\bW^{s-1/p}_p(\bR^+)$, which is of Mellin convolution type.
By applying the recent results on Mellin convolution equations in the Bessel
potential spaces obtained by V. Didenko \& R. Duduchava in \cite{DD16},
explicit conditions of the unique solvability of this BIE in the
Sobolev-Slobode\v{c}kii $\bW^r_p(\bR^+)$ and Bessel potential
$\bH^r_p(\mathbb{R}^+)$ spaces for arbitrary $r$ are found and used to write
explicit conditions for the Fredhoilm property and unique solvability of the
initial model BVPs for the Helmholtz equation in the above mentioned
non-classical setting.
  The same problem was investigated in the foregoing paper of the authors
published in 2013, but there was made fatal errors. In the present paper we
correct these results.


title: Branch-and-price algorithm for an auto-carrier transportation problem

abstract:
  Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) manufacture, inventory and transport
new vehicles to franchised dealers. These franchised dealers inventory and sell
new vehicles to end users. OEMs rely on logistics companies with a special type
of truck called an auto-carrier to transport the vehicles to the dealers. The
process of vehicle distribution has a common challenge. This challenge involves
determining routes, and the way to load the vehicles onto each auto-carrier.In
this paper, we present a heuristic to determine the route for each auto-carrier
based on the dealers' locations, and subsequently, a branch-and-price algorithm
to obtain optimal solutions to the loading problem based on the generated
route. The loading problem considers the actual dimensions of the vehicles, and
the restrictions imposed by vehicle manufacturers and governmental agencies on
the loading process. We perform extensive computational experiments for the
loading problem using real-world instances, and our results are benchmarked
with a holistic model to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
For the largest instance comprising of 600 vehicles, the proposed method
computes an optimal solution for the loading problem within a stipulated
runtime.


title:
Revealing three-dimensional structure of individual colloidal crystal
  grain by coherent x-ray diffractive imaging

abstract:
  We present results of a coherent x-ray diffractive imaging experiment
performed on a single colloidal crystal grain. The full three-dimensional (3D)
reciprocal space map measured by an azimuthal rotational scan contained several
orders of Bragg reflections together with the coherent interference signal
between them. Applying the iterative phase retrieval approach, the 3D structure
of the crystal grain was reconstructed and positions of individual colloidal
particles were resolved. As a result, an exact stacking sequence of hexagonal
close-packed layers including planar and linear defects were identified.


title:
Inner-shell magnetic dipole transition in Tm atom as a candidate for
  optical lattice clocks

abstract:
  We consider a narrow magneto-dipole transition in the $^{169}$Tm atom at the
wavelength of $1.14\,\mu$m as a candidate for a 2D optical lattice clock.
Calculating dynamic polarizabilities of the two clock levels
$[\text{Xe}]4f^{13}6s^2 (J=7/2)$ and $[\text{Xe}]4f^{13}6s^2 (J=5/2)$ in the
spectral range from $250\,$nm to $1200\,$nm, we suggest the "magic" wavelength
for the optical lattice at $807\,$nm. Frequency shifts due to black-body
radiation (BBR), the van der Waals interaction, the magnetic dipole-dipole
interaction and other effects which can perturb the transition frequency are
calculated. The transition at $1.14\,\mu$m demonstrates low sensitivity to the
BBR shift corresponding to $8\times10^{-17}$ in fractional units at room
temperature which makes it an interesting candidate for high-performance
optical clocks. The total estimated frequency uncertainty is less than $5
\times 10^{-18}$ in fractional units. By direct excitation of the $1.14\,\mu$m
transition in Tm atoms loaded into an optical dipole trap, we set the lower
limit for the lifetime of the upper clock level $[\text{Xe}]4f^{13}6s^2
(J=5/2)$ of $112\,$ms which corresponds to a natural spectral linewidth
narrower than $1.4\,$Hz. The polarizability of the Tm ground state was measured
by the excitation of parametric resonances in the optical dipole trap at
$532\,$nm.


title: Non-radiating sources, dynamic anapole and Aharonov-Bohm effect

abstract:
  We show that for a particular choice of gauge the vector potential of any
non-radiating source is spatially localized along with its electric and
magnetic fields. Important on its own, this special property of non-radiating
sources dramatically simplifies the analysis of their quantitative aspects, and
enables the interpretation of non-radiating sources as distributions of the
elementary dynamic anapoles. Using the developed approach we identify and
discuss a possible scenario for observing the time-dependent version of the
Aharonov-Bohm effect in such systems.


title: SUIS: An Online Graphical Signature-Based User Identification System

abstract:
  Humans possess a large amount of, and almost limitless, visual memory, that
assists them to remember pictures far better than words. This phenomenon has
recently motivated the computer security researchers' in academia and industry
to design and develop graphical user identification systems (GUISs).
Cognometric GUISs are more memorable than drawmetric GUISs, but takes more time
to authenticate. None of the previously proposed GUISs combines the advantages
of both cognometric and drawmetric systems. A signature personify a person and
a graphical signature is easier to recall than other drawings. This paper
proposes a new graphical Signature-based User Identification System named SUIS.
It is based on a 2D grid technology, that is used to draw, digitize and store
the signature for user identification. SUIS is categorized as both a
cognometric and drawmetric system. Unlike other systems that use 2D grid: We
take one cell in a grid as one pixel in the drawing; for signature matching,
the signature drawn has to follow the same grid cells as the signature stored,
independent of the sequence; and that the system is not based on any machine
learning model. Increasing the number of grid cells increases the password
space, and decreasing the size of the grid cell increases the precision of the
signature. These characteristics makes SUIS: (1) Rigorous enough to be a
password system, but easy enough to be usable. (2) Independent of the language
and device used to draw the signature. (3) Efficient and practical to be used
for online authentication systems.


title:
2D Ising model: correlation functions at criticality via Riemann-type
  boundary value problems

abstract:
  In this note we overview recent convergence results for correlations in the
critical planar nearest-neighbor Ising model. We start with a short discussion
of the combinatorics of the model and a definition of fermionic and spinor
observables. After that, we illustrate our approach to spin correlations by a
derivation of two classical explicit formulae in the infinite-volume limit.
Then we describe the convergence results (as the mesh size tends to zero, in
arbitrary planar domains) for fermionic correlators, energy-density and spin
expectations. Finally, we discuss scaling limits of mixed correlators involving
spins, disorders and fermions, and the classical fusion rules for them.


title: On the Iwasawa invariants for links and Kida's formula

abstract:
  Analogues of Iwasawa invariants in the context of 3-dimensional topology have
been studied by M.~Morishita and others. In this paper, following the
dictionary of arithmetic topology, we formulate an analogue of Kida's formula
on $\lambda$-invariants in a $p$-extension of $\mathbb{Z}_p$-fields for
3-manifolds. The proof is given in a parallel manner to Iwasawa's second proof,
with use of $p$-adic representations of a finite group. In the course of our
arguments, we introduce the notion of a branched $\mathbb{Z}_p$-cover as an
inverse system of cyclic branched $p$-covers of 3-manifolds, generalize the
Iwasawa type formula, and compute the Tate cohomology of 2-cycles explicitly.


title:
Rates of mixing for the Weil-Petersson geodesic flow II: exponential
  mixing in exceptional moduli spaces

abstract:
  We establish exponential mixing for the geodesic flow $\varphi_t\colon
T^1S\to T^1S$ of an incomplete, negatively curved surface $S$ with cusp-like
singularities of a prescribed order. As a consequence, we obtain that the
Weil-Petersson flows for the moduli spaces ${\mathcal M}_{1,1}$ and ${\mathcal
M}_{0,4}$ are exponentially mixing, in sharp contrast to the flows for
${\mathcal M}_{g,n}$ with $3g-3+n>1$, which fail to be rapidly mixing. In the
proof, we present a new method of analyzing invariant foliations for hyperbolic
flows with singularities, based on changing the Riemannian metric on the phase
space $T^1S$ and rescaling the flow $\varphi_t$.


title: Quickest Sequence Phase Detection

abstract:
  A phase detection sequence is a length-$n$ cyclic sequence, such that the
location of any length-$k$ contiguous subsequence can be determined from a
noisy observation of that subsequence. In this paper, we derive bounds on the
minimal possible $k$ in the limit of $n\to\infty$, and describe some sequence
constructions. We further consider multiple phase detection sequences, where
the location of any length-$k$ contiguous subsequence of each sequence can be
determined simultaneously from a noisy mixture of those subsequences. We study
the optimal trade-offs between the lengths of the sequences, and describe some
sequence constructions. We compare these phase detection problems to their
natural channel coding counterparts, and show a strict separation between the
fundamental limits in the multiple sequence case. Both adversarial and
probabilistic noise models are addressed.


title: Latent Voter Model on Locally Tree-Like Random Graphs

abstract:
  In the latent voter model, which models the spread of a technology through a
social network, individuals who have just changed their choice have a latent
period, which is exponential with rate $\lambda$, during which they will not
buy a new device. We study site and edge versions of this model on random
graphs generated by a configuration model in which the degrees $d(x)$ have $3
\le d(x) \le M$. We show that if the number of vertices $n \to\infty$ and $\log
n \ll \lambda_n \ll n$ then the latent voter model has a quasi-stationary state
in which each opinion has probability $\approx 1/2$ and persists in this state
for a time that is $\ge n^m$ for any $m<\infty$. Thus, even a very small latent
period drastically changes the behavior of the voter model.


title: Protecting weak measurements against systematic errors

abstract:
  In this work, we consider the systematic error of quantum metrology by weak
measurements under decoherence. We derive the systematic error of maximum
likelihood estimation in general to the first-order approximation of a small
deviation in the probability distribution, and study the robustness of standard
weak measurement and postselected weak measurements against systematic errors.
We show that, with a large weak value, the systematic error of a postselected
weak measurement when the probe undergoes decoherence can be significantly
lower than that of a standard weak measurement. This indicates the advantage of
weak value amplification in improving the performance of parameter estimation.
We illustrate the results by an exact numerical simulation of decoherence
arising from a bosonic mode and compare it to the first-order analytical result
we obtain.


title:
Solution of constrained mechanical multibody systems using Adomian
  decomposition method

abstract:
  Constrained mechanical multibody systems arise in many important applications
like robotics, vehicle and machinery dynamics and biomechanics of locomotion of
humans. These systems are described by the Euler-Lagrange equations which are
index-three differential-algebraic equations(DAEs) and hence difficult to treat
numerically. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel technique to solve
the Euler-Lagrange equations efficiently. This technique applies the Adomian
decomposition method (ADM) directly to these equations. The great advantage of
our technique is that it neither applies complex transformations to the
equations nor uses index-reductions to obtain the solution. Furthermore, it
requires solving only linear algebraic systems with a constant nonsingular
coefficient matrix at each iteration. The technique developed leads to a simple
general algorithm that can be programmed in Maple or Mathematica to simulate
real application problems. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed
technique and its advantages, we apply it to solve an example of the Euler-
Lagrange equations that describes a two-link planar robotic system.


title: MCMC assisted by Belief Propagation

abstract:
  Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and Belief Propagation (BP) are the most
popular algorithms for computational inference in Graphical Models (GM). In
principle, MCMC is an exact probabilistic method which, however, often suffers
from exponentially slow mixing. In contrast, BP is a deterministic method,
which is typically fast, empirically very successful, however in general
lacking control of accuracy over loopy graphs. In this paper, we introduce MCMC
algorithms correcting the approximation error of BP, i.e., we provide a way to
compensate for BP errors via a consecutive BP-aware MCMC. Our framework is
based on the Loop Calculus (LC) approach which allows expressing the BP error
as a sum of weighted generalized loops. Although the full series is
computationally intractable, it is known that a truncated series, summing up
all 2-regular loops, is computable in polynomial-time for planar pair-wise
binary GMs and it also provides a highly accurate approximation empirically.
Motivated by this, we first propose a polynomial-time approximation MCMC scheme
for the truncated series of general (non-planar) pair-wise binary models. Our
main idea here is to use the Worm algorithm, known to provide fast mixing in
other (related) problems, and then design an appropriate rejection scheme to
sample 2-regular loops. Furthermore, we also design an efficient rejection-free
MCMC scheme for approximating the full series. The main novelty underlying our
design is in utilizing the concept of cycle basis, which provides an efficient
decomposition of the generalized loops. In essence, the proposed MCMC schemes
run on transformed GM built upon the non-trivial BP solution, and our
experiments show that this synthesis of BP and MCMC outperforms both direct
MCMC and bare BP schemes.


title: Excitations of strange bottom baryons

abstract:
  The ground state and first excited state masses of Omega(b) and Omega(bb)
baryons are calculated in lattice QCD using dynamical 2+1 flavour gauge fields.
A set of baryon operators employing different combinations of smeared quark
fields was used in the framework of the variational method. Results for radial
excitation energies were confirmed by carrying out a supplementary
multiexponential fitting analysis. Comparison is made with quark model
calculations.


title: On an additive prime divisor function of Alladi and Erdos

abstract:
  This paper discusses the additive prime divisor function $A(n) :=
\sum\limits_{p^\alpha || n} \alpha \, p$ which was introduced by Alladi and
Erd\H os in 1977. It is shown that $A(n)$ is uniformly distributed (mod $q$)
for any fixed integer $q > 1.$


title: Cosmic microwave background polarization in Noncommutative space-time

abstract:
  In the standard model of cosmology (SMC) the B-mode polarization of the CMB
can be explained by the gravitational effects in the inflation epoch. However,
this is not the only way to explain the B-mode polarization for the CMB. It can
be shown that the Compton scattering in presence of a background besides
generating a circularly polarized microwave, can leads to a B-mode polarization
for the CMB. Here we consider the non-commutative (NC) space time as a
background to explore the CMB polarization at the last scattering surface. We
obtain the B-mode spectrum of the CMB radiation by scalar perturbation of
metric via a correction on the Compton scattering in NC-space-time in terms of
the circular polarization power spectrum and the non-commutative energy scale.
It can be shown that even for the NC-scale as large as $10TeV$ the NC-effects
on the CMB polarization and the r-parameter is significant. We show that the
V-mode power spectrum can be obtained in terms of linearly polarized power
spectrum in the range Micro to Nano-Kelvin squared for the NC-scale about
$1TeV$ to $10TeV$, respectively.


title:
TripleSpin - a generic compact paradigm for fast machine learning
  computations

abstract:
  We present a generic compact computational framework relying on structured
random matrices that can be applied to speed up several machine learning
algorithms with almost no loss of accuracy. The applications include new fast
LSH-based algorithms, efficient kernel computations via random feature maps,
convex optimization algorithms, quantization techniques and many more. Certain
models of the presented paradigm are even more compressible since they apply
only bit matrices. This makes them suitable for deploying on mobile devices.
All our findings come with strong theoretical guarantees. In particular, as a
byproduct of the presented techniques and by using relatively new
Berry-Esseen-type CLT for random vectors, we give the first theoretical
guarantees for one of the most efficient existing LSH algorithms based on the
$\textbf{HD}_{3}\textbf{HD}_{2}\textbf{HD}_{1}$ structured matrix ("Practical
and Optimal LSH for Angular Distance"). These guarantees as well as theoretical
results for other aforementioned applications follow from the same general
theoretical principle that we present in the paper. Our structured family
contains as special cases all previously considered structured schemes,
including the recently introduced $P$-model. Experimental evaluation confirms
the accuracy and efficiency of TripleSpin matrices.


title:
Measurement of the W boson helicity fractions in the decays of top quark
  pairs to lepton + jets final states produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8
  TeV

abstract:
  The W boson helicity fractions from top quark decays in t t-bar events are
measured using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
8 TeV. The data were collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 inverse femtobarns. Events
are reconstructed with either one muon or one electron, along with four jets in
the final state, with two of the jets being identified as originating from b
quarks. The measured helicity fractions from both channels are combined,
yielding F[0] = 0.681 +/- 0.012 (stat) +/- 0.023 (syst), F[L] = 0.323 +/- 0.008
(stat) +/- 0.014 (syst), and F[R] = -0.004 +/- 0.005 (stat) +/- 0.014 (syst)
for the longitudinal, left-, and right-handed components of the helicity,
respectively. These measurements of the W boson helicity fractions are the most
accurate to date and they agree with the predictions from the standard model.


title:
Mott physics and collective modes: an atomic approximation of the
  four-particle irreducible functional

abstract:
  We discuss a generalization of the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) for
strongly correlated systems close to a Mott transition based on a systematic
approximation of the fully irreducible four-point vertex. It is an atomic-limit
approximation of a functional of the one- and two-particle Green functions,
built with the second Legendre transform of the free energy with respect to the
two-particle Green function. This functional is represented diagrammatically by
four-particle irreducible (4PI) diagrams. Like the dynamical vertex
approximation (D$\Gamma$A), the fully irreducible vertex is computed from a
quantum impurity model whose bath is self-consistently determined by solving
the parquet equations. However, in contrast with D$\Gamma$A and DMFT, the
interaction term of the impurity model is also self-consistently determined.
The method interpolates between the parquet approximation at weak coupling and
the atomic limit, where it is exact. It is applicable to systems with
short-range and long-range interactions.


title: Recycling Randomness with Structure for Sublinear time Kernel Expansions

abstract:
  We propose a scheme for recycling Gaussian random vectors into structured
matrices to approximate various kernel functions in sublinear time via random
embeddings. Our framework includes the Fastfood construction as a special case,
but also extends to Circulant, Toeplitz and Hankel matrices, and the broader
family of structured matrices that are characterized by the concept of
low-displacement rank. We introduce notions of coherence and graph-theoretic
structural constants that control the approximation quality, and prove
unbiasedness and low-variance properties of random feature maps that arise
within our framework. For the case of low-displacement matrices, we show how
the degree of structure and randomness can be controlled to reduce statistical
variance at the cost of increased computation and storage requirements.
Empirical results strongly support our theory and justify the use of a broader
family of structured matrices for scaling up kernel methods using random
features.


title:
Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics with Corrected Entropy in
  Tachyon Cosmology

abstract:
  This work is to study the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in
tachyon cosmology where the boundary of the universe is assumed to be enclosed
by a dynamical apparent horizon. The model is constrained with the
observational data. The two logarithmic and power law corrected entropy is also
discussed and conditions to validate the GSL and corrected entropies are
obtained.


title:
Long working distance objective lenses for single atom trapping and
  imaging

abstract:
  We present a pair of optimized objective lenses with long working distances
of 117~mm and 65~mm respectively that offer diffraction limited performance for
both Cs and Rb wavelengths when imaging through standard vacuum windows. The
designs utilise standard catalog lens elements to provide a simple and
cost-effective solution. Objective 1 provides $\mathrm{NA}=0.175$ offering
3~$\mu$m resolution whilst objective 2 is optimized for high collection
efficiency with $\mathrm{NA}=0.29$ and 1.8~$\mu$m resolution. This flexible
design can be further extended for use at shorter wavelengths by simply
re-optimising the lens separations.


title: The exact power law and Pascal pyramid

abstract:
  Let $\omega_0, \omega_1,\ldots, \omega_n$ be a full set of outcomes (letters,
symbols) and let positive $p_i$, $i=0,\ldots,n$, be their probabilities
($\sum_{i=0}^n p_i=1$). Let us treat $\omega_0$ as a stop symbol; it can occur
in sequences of symbols (we call them words) only once, at the very end. The
probability of a word is defined as the product of probabilities of its
letters. We consider the list of all possible words sorted in the
non-increasing order of their probabilities. Let $p(r)$ be the probability of
the $r$th word in this list. We prove that if at least one of ratios $\log
p_i/\log p_j$, $i,j\in\{ 1,\ldots,n\}$, is irrational, then the limit
$\lim_{r\to\infty} p(r)/r^{1/\gamma}$ exists and differs from zero; here
$\gamma$ is the root of the equation $\sum_{i=1}^n p_i^\gamma=1$. Some weaker
results were established earlier. We are first to write an explicit formula for
this limit constant at the power function; it can be expressed (rather easily)
in terms of the entropy of the distribution~$(p_1^\gamma,\ldots,p_n^\gamma)$.


title:
Perturbative renormalization of $\Delta F = 2$ four-fermion operators
  with the chirally rotated Schr\"odinger functional

abstract:
  The chirally rotated Schr\"odinger functional ($\chi$SF) renders the
mechanism of automatic $O(a)$ improvement compatible with Schr\"odinger
functional (SF) renormalization schemes. Here we define a family of
renormalization schemes based on the $\chi$SF for a complete basis of $\Delta F
= 2$ parity-odd four-fermion operators. We compute the corresponding
scale-dependent renormalization constants to one-loop order in perturbation
theory and obtain their NLO anomalous dimensions by matching to the
$\overline{\textrm{MS}}$ scheme. Due to automatic $O(a)$ improvement, once the
$\chi$SF is renormalized and improved at the boundaries, the step scaling
functions (SSF) of these operators approach their continuum limit with
$O(a^{2})$ corrections without the need of operator improvement.


title: A 5D Holographic Dark Energy in DGP-Brane Cosmology

abstract:
  This paper is aimed at investigating a 5D holographic dark energy in
DGP-BRANE cosmology by employing a combination of Sne Ia, BAO and CMB
observational data to fit the cosmological parameters in the model. We describe
the dynamic of a FRW for the normal branch ($\epsilon$ = +1) of solutions of
the induced gravity brane-world model. We take the matter in 5D bulk as
holographic dark energy that its holographic nature is reproduced effectively
in 4D. The cosmic evolution reveals that the effective 4D holographic dark
energy behaves as quintessence while taking into account the 4D cold dark
matter results in matter dominated universe followed by late time acceleration.


title: Minimum number of edges that occur in odd cycles

abstract:
  If a graph has $n\ge4k$ vertices and more than $n^2/4$ edges, then it
contains a copy of $C_{2k+1}$. In 1992, Erd\H{o}s, Faudree and Rousseau showed
even more, that the number of edges that occur in a triangle is at least
$2\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1$, and this bound is tight. They also showed that the
minimum number of edges that occur in a $C_{2k+1}$ for $k\ge2$ is at least
$11n^2/144-O(n)$, and conjectured that for any $k\ge2$, the correct lower bound
should be $2n^2/9-O(n)$. Very recently, F\"uredi and Maleki constructed a
counterexample for $k=2$ and proved asymptotically matching lower bound, namely
that for any $\varepsilon>0$ graphs with $(1+\varepsilon)n^2/4$ edges contain
at least $(2+\sqrt{2})n^2/16 \approx 0.2134n^2$ edges that occur in $C_5$.
  In this paper, we use a different approach to tackle this problem and obtain
the following stronger result: Any $n$-vertex graph with at least $\lfloor
n^2/4\rfloor+1$ edges has at least $(2+\sqrt{2})n^2/16-O(n^{15/8})$ edges that
occur in $C_5$. Next, for all $k\ge 3$ and $n$ sufficiently large, we determine
the exact minimum number of edges that occur in $C_{2k+1}$ for $n$-vertex
graphs with more than $n^2/4$ edges, and show it is indeed equal to
$\lfloor\frac{n^2}4\rfloor+1-\lfloor\frac{n+4}6\rfloor\lfloor\frac{n+1}6\rfloor=2n^2/9-O(n)$.
For both results, we give a structural description of the extremal
configurations as well as obtain the corresponding stability results, which
answer a conjecture of F\"uredi and Maleki.
  The main ingredient is a novel approach that combines the flag algebras
together with ideas from finite forcibility of graph limits. This approach
allowed us to keep track of the extra edge needed to guarantee an existence of
a $C_{2k+1}$. Also, we establish the first application of semidefinite method
in a setting, where the set of tight examples has exponential size, and arises
from different constructions.


title: Cosmic Shear as a Probe of Galaxy Formation Physics

abstract:
  We evaluate the potential for current and future cosmic shear measurements
from large galaxy surveys to constrain the impact of baryonic physics on the
matter power spectrum. We do so using a model-independent parameterization that
describes deviations of the matter power spectrum from the dark-matter-only
case as a set of principal components that are localized in wavenumber and
redshift. We perform forecasts for a variety of current and future datasets,
and find that at least ~90% of the constraining power of these datasets is
contained in no more than nine principal components. The constraining power of
different surveys can be quantified using a figure of merit defined relative to
currently available surveys. With this metric, we find that the final Dark
Energy Survey dataset (DES Y5) and the Hyper Suprime Cam Survey will be roughly
an order of magnitude more powerful than existing data in constraining baryonic
effects. Upcoming Stage IV surveys (LSST, Euclid, and WFIRST) will improve upon
this by a further factor of a few. We show that this conclusion is robust to
marginalization over several key systematics. The ultimate power of cosmic
shear to constrain galaxy formation is dependent on understanding systematics
in the shear measurements at small (sub-arcminute) scales. If these systematics
can be sufficiently controlled, cosmic shear measurements from DES Y5 and other
future surveys have the potential to provide a very clean probe of galaxy
formation and to strongly constrain a wide range of predictions from modern
hydrodynamical simulations.


title: Non-commutative algebraic geometry of semi-graded rings

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce the semi-graded rings, which extend graded rings
and skew PBW extensions. For this new type of non-commutative rings we will
discuss some basic problems of non-commutative algebraic geometry. In
particular, we will prove some elementary properties of the generalized Hilbert
series, Hilbert polynomial and Gelfand-Kirillov dimension. We will extended the
notion of non-commutative projective scheme to the case of semi-graded rings
and we generalize the Serre-Artin-Zhang-Verevkin theorem. Some examples are
included at the end of the paper.


title: Hybrid Perturbation methods based on Statistical Time Series models

abstract:
  In this work we present a new methodology for orbit propagation, the hybrid
perturbation theory, based on the combination of an integration method and a
prediction technique. The former, which can be a numerical, analytical or
semianalytical theory, generates an initial approximation that contains some
inaccuracies derived from the fact that, in order to simplify the expressions
and subsequent computations, not all the involved forces are taken into account
and only low-order terms are considered, not to mention the fact that
mathematical models of perturbations not always reproduce physical phenomena
with absolute precision. The prediction technique, which can be based on either
statistical time series models or computational intelligence methods, is aimed
at modelling and reproducing missing dynamics in the previously integrated
approximation. This combination results in the precision improvement of
conventional numerical, analytical and semianalytical theories for determining
the position and velocity of any artificial satellite or space debris object.
In order to validate this methodology, we present a family of three hybrid
orbit propagators formed by the combination of three different orders of
approximation of an analytical theory and a statistical time series model, and
analyse their capability to process the effect produced by the flattening of
the Earth. The three considered analytical components are the integration of
the Kepler problem, a first-order and a second-order analytical theories,
whereas the prediction technique is the same in the three cases, namely an
additive Holt-Winters method.


title: Direct Ejecta Velocity Measurements of Tycho's Supernova Remnant

abstract:
  We present the first direct ejecta velocity measurements of Tycho's supernova
remnant (SNR). Chandra's high angular resolution images reveal a patchy
structure of radial velocities in the ejecta that can be separated into
distinct redshifted, blueshifted, and low velocity ejecta clumps or blobs. The
typical velocities of the redshifted and blueshifted blobs are <~ 7,800 km/s
and <~ 5,000 km/s, respectively. The highest velocity blobs are located near
the center, while the low velocity ones appear near the edge as expected for a
generally spherical expansion. Systematic uncertainty on the velocity
measurements from gain calibration was assessed by carrying out joint fits of
individual blobs with both the ACIS-I and ACIS-S detectors. We determine the
three-dimensional kinematics of the Si- and Fe-rich clumps in the southeastern
quadrant and show that these knots form a distinct, compact, and
kinematically-connected structure, possibly even a chain of knots strung along
the remnant's edge. By examining the viewing geometries we conclude that the
knots in the southeastern region are unlikely to be responsible for the high
velocity Ca II absorption features seen in the light echo spectrum of SN 1572,
the originating event for Tycho's SNR.


title: Right-Handed Neutrinos and T-Violating, P-Conserving Interactions

abstract:
  We show that experimental probes of the P-conserving, T-violating triple
correlation in polarized neutron or nuclear $\beta$-decay provide a unique
probe of possible T-violation at the TeV scale in the presence of right-handed
neutrinos. In contrast to other possible sources of semileptonic T-violation
involving only left-handed neutrinos, those involving right-handed neutrinos
are relatively unconstrained by present limits on the permanent electric dipole
moments of the electron, neutral atoms, and the neutron. On the other hand, LHC
results for $pp\to e+$ missing transverse energy imply that an order of
magnitude of improvement in $D$-coefficient sensitivity would be needed for
discovery. Finally, we discuss the interplay with the scale of neutrino mass
and naturalness considerations.


title: Construction of Non-expandable Non-overlapping Sets of Pictures

abstract:
  The non-overlapping sets of pictures are sets such that no two pictures in
the set (properly) overlap. They are the generalization to two dimensions of
the cross-bifix-free sets of strings. Non-overlapping sets of pictures are
non-expandable when no other picture can be added without violating the
property. We present a construction of non-expandable non-overlapping (NENO)
sets of pictures and show some examples of application.


title:
Predicting Personal Traits from Facial Images using Convolutional Neural
  Networks Augmented with Facial Landmark Information

abstract:
  We consider the task of predicting various traits of a person given an image
of their face. We estimate both objective traits, such as gender, ethnicity and
hair-color; as well as subjective traits, such as the emotion a person
expresses or whether he is humorous or attractive. For sizeable
experimentation, we contribute a new Face Attributes Dataset (FAD), having
roughly 200,000 attribute labels for the above traits, for over 10,000 facial
images. Due to the recent surge of research on Deep Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs), we begin by using a CNN architecture for estimating facial
attributes and show that they indeed provide an impressive baseline
performance. To further improve performance, we propose a novel approach that
incorporates facial landmark information for input images as an additional
channel, helping the CNN learn better attribute-specific features so that the
landmarks across various training images hold correspondence. We empirically
analyse the performance of our method, showing consistent improvement over the
baseline across traits.


title:
Limits of Embedded Graphs, and Universality Conjectures for the Network
  Flow

abstract:
  We define notions of local topological convergence and local geometric
convergence for embedded graphs in $\mathbb{R}^n,$ and study their properties.
The former is related to Benjamini-Schramm convergence, and the latter to weak
convergence of probability measures with respect to a certain topology on the
space of embedded graphs. These are used to state universality conjectures for
the long-term behavior of the network flow, or curvature flow on embedded
graphs. To provide evidence these conjectures, we develop and apply
computational methods to test for local topological and local geometric
convergence.


title: Solving the $R_{AA}\otimes v_2$ puzzle

abstract:
  For the past ten years $R_{AA}(p_T)$, the nuclear modification factor that
encodes the suppression of high $p_T$ particles due to energy loss within the
medium was fairly well described by many theoretical models. However, the same
models systematically under-predicted the high $p_T$ elliptic flow, $v_2$,
which is experimentally measured as the correlation between soft and hard
hadrons. All previous calculations neglected the effect of event-by-event
fluctuations of an expanding viscous hydrodynamical background as well as the
soft-hard flow harmonic correlations in the experimentally measured $v_2$. In
this talk I show how event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics (computed using the
v-USPhydro code) coupled to an energy loss model (BBMG) is able to
simultaneously describe soft physics observables as well as the high-$p_T$
$R_{AA}$ and $v_2$. Suggestions for future more differential calculations at
the LHC run2 are made to explore soft-hard flow correlations.


title: Bulk Fermi-surface of the Weyl type-II semi-metallic candidate MoTe2

abstract:
  The electronic structure of WTe$_2$ and orthorhombic $\gamma-$MoTe$_2$, are
claimed to contain pairs of Weyl type-II points. A series of ARPES experiments
claim a broad agreement with these predictions. We synthesized single-crystals
of MoTe$_2$ through a Te flux method to validate these predictions through
measurements of its bulk Fermi surface (FS) \emph{via} quantum oscillatory
phenomena. We find that the superconducting transition temperature of
$\gamma-$MoTe$_2$ depends on disorder as quantified by the ratio between the
room- and low-temperature resistivities, suggesting the possibility of an
unconventional superconducting pairing symmetry. Similarly to WTe$_2$, the
magnetoresistivity of $\gamma-$MoTe$_2$ does not saturate at high magnetic
fields and can easily surpass $10^{6}$ \%. Remarkably, the analysis of the de
Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) signal superimposed onto the magnetic torque, indicates
that the geometry of its FS is markedly distinct from the calculated one. The
dHvA signal also reveals that the FS is affected by the Zeeman-effect
precluding the extraction of the Berry-phase. A direct comparison between the
previous ARPES studies and density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations reveals
a disagreement in the position of the valence bands relative to the Fermi level
$\varepsilon_F$. Here, we show that a shift of the DFT valence bands relative
to $\varepsilon_F$, in order to match the ARPES observations, and of the DFT
electron bands to explain some of the observed dHvA frequencies, leads to a
good agreement between the calculations and the angular dependence of the FS
cross-sectional areas observed experimentally. However, this relative
displacement between electron- and hole-bands eliminates their crossings and,
therefore, the Weyl type-II points predicted for $\gamma-$MoTe$_2$.


title: Distributed Asynchronous Dual Free Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent

abstract:
  The primal-dual distributed optimization methods have broad large-scale
machine learning applications. Previous primal-dual distributed methods are not
applicable when the dual formulation is not available, e.g. the
sum-of-non-convex objectives. Moreover, these algorithms and theoretical
analysis are based on the fundamental assumption that the computing speeds of
multiple machines in a cluster are similar. However, the straggler problem is
an unavoidable practical issue in the distributed system because of the
existence of slow machines. Therefore, the total computational time of the
distributed optimization methods is highly dependent on the slowest machine. In
this paper, we address these two issues by proposing distributed asynchronous
dual free stochastic dual coordinate ascent algorithm for distributed
optimization. Our method does not need the dual formulation of the target
problem in the optimization. We tackle the straggler problem through
asynchronous communication and the negative effect of slow machines is
significantly alleviated. We also analyze the convergence rate of our method
and prove the linear convergence rate even if the individual functions in
objective are non-convex. Experiments on both convex and non-convex loss
functions are used to validate our statements.


title:
Alexander and Thurston norms, and the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariants
  for free-by-cyclic groups

abstract:
  We investigate Friedl-L\"uck's universal $L^2$-torsion for descending HNN
extensions of finitely generated free groups, and so in particular for
$F_n$-by-$\mathbb{Z}$ groups. This invariant induces a semi-norm on the first
cohomology of the group which is an analogue of the Thurston norm for
$3$-manifold groups. We prove that this Thurston semi-norm is an upper bound
for the Alexander semi-norm defined by McMullen, as well as for the higher
Alexander semi-norms defined by Harvey. The same inequalities are known to hold
for $3$-manifold groups. We also prove that the Newton polytopes of the
universal $L^2$-torsion of a descending HNN extension of $F_2$ locally
determine the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariant of the group. We give an explicit
means of computing the BNS invariant for such groups. As a corollary, we prove
that the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel invariant of a descending HNN extension of $F_2$
has finitely many connected components. When the HNN extension is taken over
$F_n$ along a polynomially growing automorphism with unipotent image in $GL(n,
\mathbb{Z})$, we show that the Newton polytope of the universal $L^2$-torsion
and the BNS invariant completely determine one another. We also show that in
this case the Alexander norm, its higher incarnations, and the Thurston norm
all coincide.


title:
A budget-constrained inverse classification framework for smooth
  classifiers

abstract:
  Inverse classification is the process of manipulating an instance such that
it is more likely to conform to a specific class. Past methods that address
such a problem have shortcomings. Greedy methods make changes that are overly
radical, often relying on data that is strictly discrete. Other methods rely on
certain data points, the presence of which cannot be guaranteed. In this paper
we propose a general framework and method that overcomes these and other
limitations. The formulation of our method can use any differentiable
classification function. We demonstrate the method by using logistic regression
and Gaussian kernel SVMs. We constrain the inverse classification to occur on
features that can actually be changed, each of which incurs an individual cost.
We further subject such changes to fall within a certain level of cumulative
change (budget). Our framework can also accommodate the estimation of
(indirectly changeable) features whose values change as a consequence of
actions taken. Furthermore, we propose two methods for specifying feature-value
ranges that result in different algorithmic behavior. We apply our method, and
a proposed sensitivity analysis-based benchmark method, to two freely available
datasets: Student Performance from the UCI Machine Learning Repository and a
real world cardiovascular disease dataset. The results obtained demonstrate the
validity and benefits of our framework and method.


title: On the center-valued Atiyah conjecture for L2-Betti numbers

abstract:
  The so-called Atiyah conjecture states that the von Neumann dimensions of the
L2-homology modules of free G-CW-complexes belong to a certain set of rational
numbers, depending on the finite subgroups of G. In this article we extend this
conjecture to a statement for the center-valued dimensions. We show that the
conjecture is equivalent to a precise description of the tructure as a
semisimple Artinian ring of the division closure D(QG) of Q[G] in the ring of
affiliated operators. We prove the conjecture for all groups in Linnell's class
C, containing in particular free-by-elementary amenable groups.
  The center-valued Atiyah conjecture states that the center-valued L2-Betti
numbers of finite free G-CW-complexes are contained in a certain discrete
subset of the center of C[G], the one generated as an additive group by the
center-valued traces of all projections in C[H], where H runs through the
finite subgroups of G.
  Finally, we use the approximation theorem of Knebusch for the center-valued
$L^2$-Betti numbers to extend the result to many groups which are residually in
C, in particular for finite extensions of products of free groups and of pure
braid groups.


title:
Dynamic read mapping and online consensus calling for better variant
  detection

abstract:
  Variant detection from high-throughput sequencing data is an essential step
in identification of alleles involved in complex diseases and cancer. To deal
with these massive data, elaborated sequence analysis pipelines are employed. A
core component of such pipelines is a read mapping module whose accuracy
strongly affects the quality of resulting variant calls.
  We propose a dynamic read mapping approach that significantly improves read
alignment accuracy. The general idea of dynamic mapping is to continuously
update the reference sequence on the basis of previously computed read
alignments. Even though this concept already appeared in the literature, we
believe that our work provides the first comprehensive analysis of this
approach.
  To evaluate the benefit of dynamic mapping, we developed a software pipeline
(http://github.com/karel-brinda/dymas) that mimics different dynamic mapping
scenarios. The pipeline was applied to compare dynamic mapping with the
conventional static mapping and, on the other hand, with the so-called
iterative referencing - a computationally expensive procedure computing an
optimal modification of the reference that maximizes the overall quality of all
alignments. We conclude that in all alternatives, dynamic mapping results in a
much better accuracy than static mapping, approaching the accuracy of iterative
referencing.
  To correct the reference sequence in the course of dynamic mapping, we
developed an online consensus caller named OCOCO
(http://github.com/karel-brinda/ococo). OCOCO is the first consensus caller
capable to process input reads in the online fashion.
  Finally, we provide conclusions about the feasibility of dynamic mapping and
discuss main obstacles that have to be overcome to implement it. We also review
a wide range of possible applications of dynamic mapping with a special
emphasis on variant detection.


title: Randomized query complexity of sabotaged and composed functions

abstract:
  We study the composition question for bounded-error randomized query
complexity: Is R(f o g) = Omega(R(f) R(g)) for all Boolean functions f and g?
We show that inserting a simple Boolean function h, whose query complexity is
only Theta(log R(g)), in between f and g allows us to prove R(f o h o g) =
Omega(R(f) R(h) R(g)).
  We prove this using a new lower bound measure for randomized query complexity
we call randomized sabotage complexity, RS(f). Randomized sabotage complexity
has several desirable properties, such as a perfect composition theorem, RS(f o
g) >= RS(f) RS(g), and a composition theorem with randomized query complexity,
R(f o g) = Omega(R(f) RS(g)). It is also a quadratically tight lower bound for
total functions and can be quadratically superior to the partition bound, the
best known general lower bound for randomized query complexity.
  Using this technique we also show implications for lifting theorems in
communication complexity. We show that a general lifting theorem for zero-error
randomized protocols implies a general lifting theorem for bounded-error
protocols.


title: Particle creation by peak electric field

abstract:
  The particle creation by the so-called peak electric field is considered. The
latter field is a combination of two exponential parts, one exponentially
increasing and another exponentially decreasing. We find exact solutions of the
Dirac equation with the field under consideration with appropriate asymptotic
conditions and calculate all the characteristics of particle creation effect,
in particular, differential mean numbers of created particle, total number of
created particles, and the probability for a vacuum to remain a vacuum.
Characteristic asymptotic regimes are discussed in detail and a comparison with
the pure asymptotically decaying field is considered.


title:
Feedback through graph motifs relates structure and function in complex
  networks

abstract:
  In physics, biology and engineering, network systems abound. How does the
connectivity of a network system combine with the behavior of its individual
components to determine its collective function? We approach this question for
networks with linear time-invariant dynamics by relating internal network
feedbacks to the statistical prevalence of connectivity motifs, a set of
surprisingly simple and local statistics of connectivity. This results in a
reduced order model of the network input-output dynamics in terms of motifs
structures. As an example, the new formulation dramatically simplifies the
classic Erdos-Renyi graph, reducing the overall network behavior to one
proportional feedback wrapped around the dynamics of a single node. For general
networks, higher-order motifs systematically provide further layers and types
of feedback to regulate the network response. Thus, the local connectivity
shapes temporal and spectral processing by the network as a whole, and we show
how this enables robust, yet tunable, functionality such as extending the time
constant with which networks remember past signals. The theory also extends to
networks composed from heterogeneous nodes with distinct dynamics and
connectivity, and patterned input to (and readout from) subsets of nodes. These
statistical descriptions provide a powerful theoretical framework to understand
the functionality of real-world network systems, as we illustrate with examples
including the mouse brain connectome.


title: Optimization-based Calibration of Simulation Input Models

abstract:
  Studies on simulation input uncertainty often built on the availability of
input data. In this paper, we investigate an inverse problem where, given only
the availability of output data, we nonparametrically calibrate the input
models and other related performance measures of interest. We propose an
optimization-based framework to compute statistically valid bounds on input
quantities. The framework utilizes constraints that connect the statistical
information of the real-world outputs with the input-output relation via a
simulable map. We analyze the statistical guarantees of this approach from the
view of data-driven robust optimization, and show how the guarantees relate to
the function complexity of the constraints arising in our framework. We
investigate an iterative procedure based on a stochastic quadratic penalty
method to approximately solve the resulting optimization. We conduct numerical
experiments to demonstrate our performance in bounding the input models and
related quantities.


title: Channel cross-correlations in transport through complex media

abstract:
  Measuring transmission between four antennas in microwave cavities, we
investigate directly the channel cross-correlations $C$ of the cross sections
$\sigma^{ab}$ from antenna at $\vec{r}_a$ to antenna $\vec{r}_b$. Specifically
we look for the $C_\Sigma$ and $C_\Lambda$, where the only difference is that
$C_\Lambda$ has none of the four channels in common, whereas $C_\Sigma$ has
exactly one channel in common. We find experimentally that these two channel
cross-correlations are anti-phased as a function of the channel coupling
strength, as predicted by theory. This anti-correlation is essential to give
the correct values for the universal conductance fluctuations. To obtain a good
agreement between experiment and predictions from random matrix theory the
effect of absorption had to be included.


title:
KIC 6220497: A New Algol-type Eclipsing Binary with Multiperiodic
  Pulsations

abstract:
  We present both binarity and pulsation of KIC 6220497 from the {\it Kepler}
observations. The light curve synthesis shows that the eclipsing system is a
semi-detached Algol with parameters of $q$ = 0.243$\pm$0.001, $i$ =
77.3$\pm$0.3 deg, and $\Delta T$ = 3,372$\pm$58 K, in which the detached
primary component fills its Roche lobe by $\sim$87\%. A multiple frequency
analysis of the eclipse-subtracted light residuals reveals 33 frequencies in
the range of 0.75$-$20.22 d$^{-1}$ with amplitudes between 0.27 and 4.56 mmag.
Among these, four are pulsation frequencies in fundamental ($f_1$, $f_5$) and
$p$ ($f_2$, $f_7$) modes, and six are orbital frequency ($f_8$, $f_{31}$) and
its harmonics ($f_6$, $f_{11}$, $f_{20}$, $f_{24}$), which can be attributed to
tidally excited modes. For the pulsation frequencies, the pulsation constants
of 0.16$-$0.33 d and the period ratios of $P_{\rm pul}/P_{\rm orb}$ =
0.042$-$0.089 indicate that the primary component is a $\delta$ Sct pulsating
star and, thus, KIC 6220497 is an oscillating eclipsing Algol (oEA) star. The
dominant pulsation period of 0.1174051$\pm$0.0000004 d is significantly longer
than that expected from empirical relations that link the pulsation period with
the orbital period. The surface gravity of $\log g_1$ = 3.78$\pm$0.03 is
clearly smaller than those of the other oEA stars with similar orbital periods.
The pulsation period and the surface gravity of the pulsating primary
demonstrate that KIC 6220497 would be the more evolved EB, compared with normal
oEA stars.


title: Magnetar heating

abstract:
  We examine four candidate mechanisms that could explain the high surface
temperatures of magnetars. (1) Heat flux from the liquid core heated by
ambipolar diffusion. It could sustain the observed surface luminosity
$L_s\approx 10^{35}$ erg/s if core heating offsets neutrino cooling at a
temperature $T_{core}>6\times 10^8$ K. This scenario is viable if the core
magnetic field exceeds $10^{16}$ G and the heat-blanketing envelope of the
magnetar has a light element composition. We find however that the lifetime of
such a hot core should be shorter than the typical observed lifetime of
magnetars. (2) Mechanical dissipation in the solid crust. This heating can be
quasi-steady, powered by gradual (or frequent) crustal yielding to magnetic
stresses. We show that it obeys a strong upper limit. As long as the crustal
stresses are fostered by the field evolution in the core or Hall drift in the
crust, mechanical heating is insufficient to sustain persistent $L_s\approx
10^{35}$ erg/s. The surface luminosity is increased in an alternative scenario
of mechanical deformations triggered by external magnetospheric flares. (3)
Ohmic dissipation in the crust, in volume or current sheets. This mechanism is
inefficient because of the high conductivity of the crust. Only extreme
magnetic configurations with crustal fields $B>10^{16}$ G varying on a 100
meter scale could provide $L_s\approx 10^{35}$ erg/s. (4) Bombardment of the
stellar surface by particles accelerated in the magnetosphere. This mechanism
produces hot spots on magnetars. Observations of transient magnetars show
evidence for external heating.


title:
Ptychographic hyperspectral spectromicroscopy with an extreme
  ultraviolet high harmonic comb

abstract:
  We demonstrate a new scheme of spectromicroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet
(EUV) spectral range, where the spectral response of the sample at different
wavelengths is imaged simultaneously. It is enabled by applying ptychographical
information multiplexing (PIM) to a tabletop EUV source based on high harmonic
generation, where four spectrally narrow harmonics near 30 nm form a spectral
comb structure. Extending PIM from previously demonstrated visible wavelengths
to the EUV/X-ray wavelengths promises much higher spatial resolution and more
powerful spectral contrast mechanism, making PIM an attractive
spectromicroscopy method in both the microscopy and the spectroscopy aspects.
Besides the sample, the multicolor EUV beam is also imaged in situ, making our
method a powerful beam characterization technique. No hardware is used to
separate or narrow down the wavelengths, leading to efficient use of the EUV
radiation.


title:
A deep / wide 1-2 GHz snapshot survey of SDSS Stripe 82 using the Karl
  G. Jansky Very Large Array in a compact hybrid configuration

abstract:
  We have used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array to image ~100 sq. deg. of
SDSS Stripe 82 at 1-2 GHz. The survey consists of 1,026 snapshot observations
of 2.5 minutes duration, using the hybrid CnB configuration. The survey has
good sensitivity to diffuse, low surface brightness structures and extended
radio emission, making it highly synergistic with existing 1.4 GHz radio
observations of the region. The principal data products are continuum images,
with 16 x 10 arcsecond resolution, and a catalogue containing 11,782 point and
Gaussian components resulting from fits to the thresholded Stokes-I brightness
distribution, forming approximately 8,948 unique radio sources. The typical
effective 1{\sigma} noise level is 88 {\mu}Jy / beam. Spectral index estimates
are included, as derived from the 1 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth. Astrometric
and photometric accuracy are in excellent agreement with existing narrowband
observations. A large-scale simulation is used to investigate clean bias, which
we extend into the spectral domain. Clean bias remains an issue for snapshot
surveys with the VLA, affecting our total intensity measurements at the
~1{\sigma} level. Statistical spectral index measurements are in good agreement
with existing measurements derived from matching separate surveys at two
frequencies. At flux densities below ~35{\sigma} the median in-band spectral
index measurements begin to exhibit a bias towards flatness that is dependent
on both flux density and the intrinsic spectral index. In-band spectral
curvature measurements are likely to be unreliable for all but the very
brightest components. Image products and catalogues are publicly available via
an FTP server.


title: Spectral Methods for Correlated Topic Models

abstract:
  In this paper, we propose guaranteed spectral methods for learning a broad
range of topic models, which generalize the popular Latent Dirichlet Allocation
(LDA). We overcome the limitation of LDA to incorporate arbitrary topic
correlations, by assuming that the hidden topic proportions are drawn from a
flexible class of Normalized Infinitely Divisible (NID) distributions. NID
distributions are generated through the process of normalizing a family of
independent Infinitely Divisible (ID) random variables. The Dirichlet
distribution is a special case obtained by normalizing a set of Gamma random
variables. We prove that this flexible topic model class can be learned via
spectral methods using only moments up to the third order, with (low order)
polynomial sample and computational complexity. The proof is based on a key new
technique derived here that allows us to diagonalize the moments of the NID
distribution through an efficient procedure that requires evaluating only
univariate integrals, despite the fact that we are handling high dimensional
multivariate moments. In order to assess the performance of our proposed Latent
NID topic model, we use two real datasets of articles collected from New York
Times and Pubmed. Our experiments yield improved perplexity on both datasets
compared with the baseline.


title: Understanding Convolutional Neural Networks

abstract:
  Convoulutional Neural Networks (CNNs) exhibit extraordinary performance on a
variety of machine learning tasks. However, their mathematical properties and
behavior are quite poorly understood. There is some work, in the form of a
framework, for analyzing the operations that they perform. The goal of this
project is to present key results from this theory, and provide intuition for
why CNNs work.


title: One-Pass Learning with Incremental and Decremental Features

abstract:
  In many real tasks the features are evolving, with some features being
vanished and some other features augmented. For example, in environment
monitoring some sensors expired whereas some new ones deployed; in mobile game
recommendation some games dropped whereas some new ones added. Learning with
such incremental and decremental features is crucial but rarely studied,
particularly when the data coming like a stream and thus it is infeasible to
keep the whole data for optimization. In this paper, we study this challenging
problem and present the OPID approach. Our approach attempts to compress
important information of vanished features into functions of survived features,
and then expand to include the augmented features. It is the one-pass learning
approach, which only needs to scan each instance once and does not need to
store the whole data, and thus satisfy the evolving streaming data nature. The
effectiveness of our approach is validated theoretically and empirically.


title: Projections of planar Mandelbrot measures

abstract:
  Let $\mu$ be a planar Mandelbrot measure and $\pi_*\mu$ its orthogonal
projection on one of the main axes. We study the thermodynamic and geometric
properties of $\pi_*\mu$. We first show that $\pi_*\mu$ is exactly dimensional,
with $\dim(\pi_*\mu)=\min(\dim(\mu),\dim(\nu))$, where~$\nu$ is the Bernoulli
product measure obtained as the expectation of $\pi_*\mu$. We also prove that
$\pi_*\mu$ is absolutely continuous with respect to $\nu$ if and only if
$\dim(\mu)>\dim(\nu)$, and find sufficient conditions for the equivalence of
these measures. Our results provides a new proof of Dekking-Grimmett-Falconer
formula for the Hausdorff and box dimension of the topological support of
$\pi_*\mu$, as well as a new variational interpretation. We obtain the free
energy function $\tau_{\pi_*\mu}$ of $\pi_*\mu$ on a wide subinterval $[0,q_c)$
of $\mathbb{R}_+$. For $q\in[0,1]$, it is given by a variational formula which
sometimes yields phase transitions of order larger than~1. For $q>1$, it is
given by $\min(\tau_\nu,\tau_\mu)$, which can exhibit first order phase
transitions. This is in contrast with the analyticity of $\tau_\mu$ over
$[0,q_c)$. Also, we prove the validity of the multifractal formalism for
$\pi_*\mu$ at each $\alpha\in (\tau_{\pi_*\mu}'(q_c-),\tau_{\pi_*\mu}'(0+)]$.


title:
An integrated approach to doped thin films with strain tunable magnetic
  anisotropy: Powder synthesis, target preparation and pulsed laser deposition
  of Bi:YIG

abstract:
  We present a synthesis/processing method for fabricating ferrimagnetic
insulator (Bi-doped yttrium iron garnet) thin films with tunable magnetic
anisotropy. Since the desired magnetic properties rely on controllable
thickness and successful doping, we pay attention to the entire
synthesis/processing procedure (nanopowder synthesis, nanocrystalline target
preparation and pulsed laser deposition (PLD)). Atomically flat films were
deposited by PLD on (111)-orientated yttrium aluminum garnet. We show a
significant enhancement of perpendicular anisotropy in the films, caused by
strain-induced anisotropy. In addition, the perpendicular anisotropy is tunable
by decreasing the film thickness and overwhelms the shape anisotropy at a
critical thickness of 3.5 nm.


title: Stochastic Function Norm Regularization of Deep Networks

abstract:
  Deep neural networks have had an enormous impact on image analysis.
State-of-the-art training methods, based on weight decay and DropOut, result in
impressive performance when a very large training set is available. However,
they tend to have large problems overfitting to small data sets. Indeed, the
available regularization methods deal with the complexity of the network
function only indirectly. In this paper, we study the feasibility of directly
using the $L_2$ function norm for regularization. Two methods to integrate this
new regularization in the stochastic backpropagation are proposed. Moreover,
the convergence of these new algorithms is studied. We finally show that they
outperform the state-of-the-art methods in the low sample regime on benchmark
datasets (MNIST and CIFAR10). The obtained results demonstrate very clear
improvement, especially in the context of small sample regimes with data laying
in a low dimensional manifold. Source code of the method can be found at
\url{https://github.com/AmalRT/DNN_Reg}.


title:
Analytical theory for the time-resolved dynamical Franz-Keldysh effect
  under circularly polarized light

abstract:
  We report here the analytical formula for the time-resolved dynamical
Franz-Keldysh effect (Tr-DFKE) under circularly polarized light. We assume the
Houston function as the time-dependent wave function of the parabolic two-band
system. Our formula shows that the sub-cycle change of the optical properties
disappears, which is a significant feature of the Tr-DFKE under linear
polarized light and is different from the static Franz-Keldysh effect.


title: Variational principle of relativistic perfect fluid

abstract:
  We reformulate the relativistic perfect fluid system on curved space-time.
Using standard variables, the velocity field $u$,energy density $\rho$ and
pressure $p$, the covariant Euler-Lagrange equation is obtained from
variational principle. This leads to the Euler equation and the equation of
continuity in reparametrization invariant form.


title: The Bayesian Linear Information Filtering Problem

abstract:
  We present a Bayesian sequential decision-making formulation of the
information filtering problem, in which an algorithm presents items (news
articles, scientific papers, tweets) arriving in a stream, and learns relevance
from user feedback on presented items. We model user preferences using a
Bayesian linear model, similar in spirit to a Bayesian linear bandit. We
compute a computational upper bound on the value of the optimal policy, which
allows computing an optimality gap for implementable policies. We then use this
analysis as motivation in introducing a pair of new Decompose-Then-Decide (DTD)
heuristic policies, DTD-Dynamic-Programming (DTD-DP) and
DTD-Upper-Confidence-Bound (DTD-UCB). We compare DTD-DP and DTD-UCB against
several benchmarks on real and simulated data, demonstrating significant
improvement, and show that the achieved performance is close to the upper
bound.


title: PyRIDE: An Interactive Development Environment for PR2 Robot

abstract:
  Python based Robot Interactive Development Environment (PyRIDE) is a software
that supports rapid \textit{interactive} programming of robot skills and
behaviours on PR2/ROS (Robot Operating System) platform. One of the key
features of PyRIDE is its interactive remotely accessible Python console that
allows its users to program robots \textit{online} and in \textit{realtime} in
the same way as using the standard Python interactive interpreter. It allows
programs to be modified while they are running. PyRIDE is also a software
integration framework that abstracts and aggregates disparate low level ROS
software modules, e.g. arm joint motor controllers, and exposes their
functionalities through a unified Python programming interface. PR2 programmers
are able to experiment and develop robot behaviours without dealing with
specific details of accessing underlying softwares and hardwares. PyRIDE
provides a client-server mechanism that allows remote user access of the robot
functionalities, e.g. remote robot monitoring and control, access real-time
robot camera image data etc. This enables multi-modal human robot interactions
using different devices and user interfaces. All these features are seamlessly
integrated into one lightweight and portable middleware package. In this paper,
we use four real life scenarios to demonstrate PyRIDE key features and
illustrate the usefulness of software.


title:
Learning Natural Language Inference using Bidirectional LSTM model and
  Inner-Attention

abstract:
  In this paper, we proposed a sentence encoding-based model for recognizing
text entailment. In our approach, the encoding of sentence is a two-stage
process. Firstly, average pooling was used over word-level bidirectional LSTM
(biLSTM) to generate a first-stage sentence representation. Secondly, attention
mechanism was employed to replace average pooling on the same sentence for
better representations. Instead of using target sentence to attend words in
source sentence, we utilized the sentence's first-stage representation to
attend words appeared in itself, which is called "Inner-Attention" in our paper
. Experiments conducted on Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) Corpus
has proved the effectiveness of "Inner-Attention" mechanism. With less number
of parameters, our model outperformed the existing best sentence encoding-based
approach by a large margin.


title: The Production of $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ in $B_c$ decays

abstract:
  Considering $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ as $\eta_c(3S)$ and $\eta_c(4S)$, we
study the productions of $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ in exclusive weak decays of
$B_c$ meson by the improved Bethe-Salpeter(B-S) Method. Using the relativistic
B-S equation and Mandelstam formalism, we calculate the corresponding decay
form factors. The predictions of the corresponding branching ratios are:
$Br(B_c^+\to X(3940)e^+\nu_e)$$=1.0\times10^{-4}$ and $Br(B_c^+\to
X(4160)e^+\nu_e)=2.4\times10^{-5}$. That will provide us a new way to observe
the $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ in the future, as well as to improve the knowledge
of $B_c$ meson decay.


title:
Self-assembly and glass-formation in a lattice model of telechelic
  polymer melts: Influence of stiffness of the sticky bonds

abstract:
  The lattice cluster theory (LCT) for strongly interacting, self-assembling
telechelic polymers provides a theoretical tool that enables establishing the
connections between important microscopic molecular details of self-assembling
polymers and their bulk thermodynamics. The original LCT for self-assembly of
telechelic polymers considers a model of fully flexible linear chains [J.
Dudowicz and K. F. Freed, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{136}, 064902 (2012)], while
our recent work introduces a significant improvement to the LCT by including a
description of chain semiflexibility for the bonds within each individual
telecheic chain [W.-S. Xu and K. F. Freed, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{143}, 024901
(2015)], but the physically associative (or called "sticky") bonds between the
ends of the telechelics are left as fully flexible. Motivated by the ubiquitous
presence of steric constraints on the association of real telechelic polymers
that impart an additional degree of bond stiffness (or rigidity), the present
paper further extends the LCT to permit the sticky bonds to be semiflexible but
to have a stiffness differing from that within each telechelic chain. An
analytical expression for the Helmholtz free energy is provided for this model
of linear telechelic polymer melts, and illustrative calculations demonstrate
the significant influence of the stiffness of the sticky bonds on the
self-assembly and thermodynamics of telechelic polymers. A brief discussion is
also provided for the impact of self-assembly on glass-formation by combining
the LCT description for this extended model of telechelic polymers with the
Adam-Gibbs relation between the structural relaxation time and the
configurational entropy.


title: Dimensional reduction for generalized continuum polymers

abstract:
  The Brydges-Imbrie dimensional reduction formula relates the pressure of a
$d$-dimensional gas of hard spheres to a model of $(d+2)$-dimensional branched
polymers. Brydges and Imbrie's proof was non-constructive and relied on a
supersymmetric localization lemma. The main result of this article is a
constructive proof of a more general dimensional reduction formula that
contains the Brydges--Imbrie formula as a special case. Central to the proof
are invariance lemmas, which were first introduced by Kenyon and Winkler for
branched polymers. The new dimensional reduction formulas rely on invariance
lemmas for central hyperplane arrangements that are due to M\'esz\'aros and
Postnikov.
  Several applications are presented, notably dimensional reduction formulas
for (i) non-spherical bodies and (ii) for corrections to the pressure due to
symmetry effects.


title: Sub-subleading soft gravitons: New symmetries of quantum gravity?

abstract:
  Due to seminal works of Weinberg, Cachazo and Strominger we know that tree
level quantum gravity amplitudes satisfy three factorization constraints.
Building on previous works which relate two of these constraints to symmetries
of quantum gravity at null infinity, we present rather strong evidence that the
third constraint is also equivalent to a new set of symmetries of
(perturbative) quantum gravity. Our analysis implies that the symmetry group of
quantum gravity may be even richer than the BMS group (or infinite dimensional
extension thereof) previously considered.


title:
Orbital stability and uniqueness of the ground state for NLS in
  dimension one

abstract:
  We prove that standing-waves solutions to the non-linear Schr\"odinger
equation in dimension one whose profiles can be obtained as minima of the
energy over the mass, are orbitally stable and non-degenerate, provided the
non-linear term $ G $ satisfies a Euler differential inequality. When the
non-linear term $ G $ is a combined pure power-type, then there is only one
positive, symmetric minimum of prescribed mass.


title: Diachronic Word Embeddings Reveal Statistical Laws of Semantic Change

abstract:
  Understanding how words change their meanings over time is key to models of
language and cultural evolution, but historical data on meaning is scarce,
making theories hard to develop and test. Word embeddings show promise as a
diachronic tool, but have not been carefully evaluated. We develop a robust
methodology for quantifying semantic change by evaluating word embeddings
(PPMI, SVD, word2vec) against known historical changes. We then use this
methodology to reveal statistical laws of semantic evolution. Using six
historical corpora spanning four languages and two centuries, we propose two
quantitative laws of semantic change: (i) the law of conformity---the rate of
semantic change scales with an inverse power-law of word frequency; (ii) the
law of innovation---independent of frequency, words that are more polysemous
have higher rates of semantic change.


title: Orbital angular momentum-entanglement frequency transducer

abstract:
  Entanglement is a vital resource for realizing many tasks such as
teleportation, secure key distribution, metrology and quantum computations. To
effectively build entanglement between different quantum systems and share
information between them, a frequency transducer to convert between quantum
states of different wavelengths while retaining its quantum features is
indispensable. Information encoded in the photons orbital angular momentum OAM
degrees of freedom is preferred in harnessing the information carrying capacity
of a single photon because of its unlimited dimensions. A quantum transducer,
which operates at wavelengths from 1558.3 nm to 525 nm for OAM qubits,
OAMpolarization hybrid entangled states, and OAM entangled states, is reported
for the first time. Nonclassical properties and entanglements are demonstrated
following the conversion process by performing quantum tomography,
interference, and Bell inequality measurements. Our results demonstrate the
capability to create an entanglement link between different quantum systems
operating in photons OAM degrees of freedoms, which will be of great importance
in building a high capacity OAM quantum network.


title:
Mean curvature flow with free boundary in embedded cylinders or cones
  and uniqueness results for minimal hypersurfaces

abstract:
  In this paper we study the mean curvature flow of embedded disks with free
boundary on an embedded cylinder or generalised cone of revolution, called the
support hypersurface. We determine regions of the interior of the support
hypersurface such that initial data is driven to a curvature singularity in
finite time or exists for all time and converges to a minimal disk. We further
classify the type of the singularity. We additionally present applications of
these results to the uniqueness problem for minimal hypersurfaces with free
boundary on such suppport hypersurfaces; the results obtained this way do not
require a-priori any symmetry or topological restrictions.


title:
Connectivity of triangulations without degree one edges under 2-3 and
  3-2 moves

abstract:
  Matveev and Piergallini independently showed that, with a small number of
known exceptions, any triangulation of a three-manifold can be transformed into
any other triangulation of the same three-manifold with the same number of
vertices, via a sequence of 2-3 and 3-2 moves. We can interpret this as showing
that the Pachner graph of such triangulations is connected. In this paper, we
extend this result to show that (again with a small number of known
exceptions), the subgraph of the Pachner graph consisting of triangulations
without degree one edges is also connected, for single-vertex triangulations of
closed manifolds, and ideal triangulations of manifolds with non-spherical
boundary components.


title: Time-domain and spectral properties of pulsars at 154 MHz

abstract:
  We present 154 MHz Murchison Widefield Array imaging observations and
variability information for a sample of pulsars. Over the declination range
$-80^{\circ} < {\delta} < 10^{\circ}$ we detect 17 known pulsars with mean flux
density greater than 0.3 Jy. We explore the variability properties of this
sample on timescales of minutes to years. For three of these pulsars, PSR
J0953+0755, PSR J0437-4715 and PSR J0630-2834 we observe interstellar
scintillation and variability on timescales of greater than 2 minutes. One
further pulsar, PSR J0034-0721, showed significant variability, the physical
origins of which are difficult to determine. The dynamic spectra for PSR
J0953+0755 and PSR J0437-4715 show discrete time and frequency structure
consistent with diffractive interstellar scintillation and we present the
scintillation bandwidth and timescales from these observations. The remaining
pulsars within our sample were statistically non-variable. We also explore the
spectral properties of this sample and find spectral curvature in pulsars PSR
J0835-4510, PSR J1752-2806 and PSR J0437-4715.


title: Mixed Marginal Copula Modeling

abstract:
  This article extends the literature on copulas with discrete or continuous
marginals to the case where some of the marginals are a mixture of discrete and
continuous components. We do so by carefully defining the likelihood as the
density of the observations with respect to a mixed measure. The treatment is
quite general, although we focus focus on mixtures of Gaussian and Archimedean
copulas. The inference is Bayesian with the estimation carried out by Markov
chain Monte Carlo. We illustrate the methodology and algorithms by applying
them to estimate a multivariate income dynamics model.


title: Plane Pendulum and Beyond by Phase Space Geometry

abstract:
  The small angle approximation often fails to explain experimental data, does
not even predict if a plane pendulum's period increases or decreases with
increasing amplitude. We make a perturbation ansatz for the Conserved Energy
Surfaces of a one-dimensional, parity-symmetric, anharmonic oscillator. A
simple, novel algorithm produces the equations of motion and the period of
oscillation to arbitrary precision. The Jacobian elliptic functions appear as a
special case. Thrift experiment combined with recursive data analysis provides
experimental verification of well-known predictions. Development of the
quantum/classical analogy enables comparison of time-independent perturbation
theories. Many of the useful notions herein generalize to integrable and
non-integrable systems in higher dimensions.


title:
Studies of charmed strange baryons in the $\Lambda D$ final state at
  Belle

abstract:
  We report the discovery of $\Xi_{c}(3055)^{0}$, observed by its decay into
the final state $\Lambda D^{0}$, and present the first observation and evidence
of the decays of $\Xi_c(3055)^{+}$ and $\Xi_c(3080)^{+}$ into $\Lambda D^{+}$.
We also perform a combined analysis of the $\Lambda D^{+}$ with the
$\Sigma_{c}^{++}K^{-}$ and $\Sigma_{c}^{\ast ++}K^{-}$ decay modes to measure
the ratios of branching fractions, masses and widths with improved accuracy. We
measure the ratios of branching fractions ${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3055)^{+} \to
\Lambda D^{+})/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3055)^{+} \to
\Sigma_{c}^{++}K^{-})=5.09\pm1.01\pm0.76$, ${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3080)^{+} \to
\Lambda D^{+})/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3080)^{+} \to
\Sigma_{c}^{++}K^{-})=1.29\pm0.30\pm0.15$, and ${\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3080)^{+} \to
\Sigma_{c}^{\ast ++}K^{-})/{\cal B}(\Xi_{c}(3080)^{+} \to
\Sigma_{c}^{++}K^{-})=1.07\pm0.27\pm0.01$, where the uncertainties are
statistical and systematic. The analysis is performed using a 980 fb$^{-1}$
data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
$e^{+}e^{-}$ collider.


title:
Optimal error analysis of a FEM for fractional diffusion problems by
  energy arguments

abstract:
  In this article, the piecewise-linear finite element method (FEM) is applied
to approximate the solution of time-fractional diffusion equations on bounded
convex domains. Standard energy arguments do not provide satisfactory results
for such a problem due to the low regularity of its exact solution. Using a
delicate energy analysis, {\it a priori} optimal error bounds in
$L^2(\Omega)$-, $H^1(\Omega)$-norms, and a quasi-optimal bound in
$L^{\infty}(\Omega)$-norm are derived for the semidiscrete FEM for cases with
smooth and nonsmooth initial data. The main tool of our analysis is based on a
repeated use of an integral operator and use of a $t^m$ type of weights to take
care of the singular behavior of the continuous solution at $t=0.$ The
generalized Leibniz formula for fractional derivatives is found to play a key
role in our analysis. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate some of
the theoretical results.


title:
Hyper-Eddington mass accretion onto a black hole with super-Eddington
  luminosity

abstract:
  We perform one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamical simulations to solve
accretion flows onto massive black holes (BHs) with a very high rate. Assuming
that photon trapping limits the luminosity emerging from the central region to
$L\lesssim L_{\rm Edd}$, Inayoshi, Haiman & Ostriker (2016) have shown that an
accretion flow settles to a "hyper-Eddington" solution, with a steady and
isothermal ($T\simeq 8000$ K) Bondi profile reaching $\gtrsim 5000$ times the
Eddington accretion rate $\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}\equiv L_{\rm Edd}/c^2$. Here we
address the possibility that gas accreting with finite angular momentum forms a
bright nuclear accretion disc, with a luminosity exceeding the Eddington limit
($1\lesssim L/L_{\rm Edd}\lesssim 100$). Combining our simulations with an
analytic model, we find that a transition to steady hyper-Eddington accretion
still occurs, as long as the luminosity remains below $L/L_{\rm Edd}\lesssim
35~(M_{\rm BH}/10^4~M_\odot)^{3/2}(n_\infty/10^5~{\rm
cm^{-3}})(T_\infty/10^4~{\rm K})^{-3/2}(r_{\star}/10^{14}~{\rm cm})^{-1/2}$,
where $n_\infty$ and $T_\infty$ are the density and temperature of the ambient
gas, and $r_\star$ is the radius of the photosphere, at which radiation
emerges. If the luminosity exceeds this value, accretion becomes episodic. Our
results can be accurately recovered in a toy model of an optically thick
spherical shell, driven by radiation force into a collapsing medium. When the
central source is dimmer than the above critical value, the expansion of the
shell is halted and reversed by ram pressure of the collapsing medium, and by
shell's weight. Our results imply that rapid, unimpeded hyper-Eddington
accretion is possible even if the luminosity of the central source far exceeds
the Eddington limit, and can be either steady or strongly episodic.


title:
Multiple peaks of species abundance distributions induced by sparse
  interactions

abstract:
  We investigate the replicator dynamics with "sparse" symmetric interactions
which represent specialist-specialist interactions in ecological communities.
By considering a large self interaction $u$, we conduct a perturbative
expansion which manifests that the nature of the interactions has a direct
impact on the species abundance distribution. The central results are all
species coexistence in a realistic range of the model parameters and that a
certain discrete nature of the interactions induces multiple peaks in the
species abundance distribution, providing the possibility of theoretically
explaining multiple peaks observed in various field studies. To get more
quantitative information, we also construct a non-perturbative theory which
becomes exact on tree-like networks if all the species coexist, providing exact
critical values of $u$ below which extinct species emerge. Numerical
simulations in various different situations are conducted and they clarify the
robustness of the presented mechanism of all species coexistence and multiple
peaks in the species abundance distributions.

categories: q-bio.PE cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.stat-mech physics.soc-ph


title:
Analysis of nonstationary modulated time series with applications to
  oceanographic flow measurements

abstract:
  We propose a new class of univariate nonstationary time series models, using
the framework of modulated time series, which is appropriate for the analysis
of rapidly-evolving time series as well as time series observations with
missing data. We extend our techniques to a class of bivariate time series that
are isotropic. Exact inference is often not computationally viable for time
series analysis, and so we propose an estimation method based on the
Whittle-likelihood, a commonly adopted pseudo-likelihood. Our inference
procedure is shown to be consistent under standard assumptions, as well as
having considerably lower computational cost than exact likelihood in general.
We show the utility of this framework for the analysis of drifting instruments,
an analysis that is key to characterising global ocean circulation and
therefore also for decadal to century-scale climate understanding.

categories: stat.ME physics.ao-ph physics.flu-dyn stat.AP


title: Klein tunneling in Weyl semimetals under the influence of magnetic field

abstract:
  Klein tunneling refers to the absence of normal backscattering of electrons
even under the case of high potential barriers. At the barrier interface, the
perfect matching of electron and hole wavefunctions enables a unit transmission
probability for normally incident electrons. It is theoretically and
experimentally well understood in two-dimensional relativistic materials such
as graphene. Here we investigate the Klein tunneling effect in Weyl semimetals
under the influence of magnetic field induced by anti-symmetric ferromagnetic
stripes placed at barrier boundaries. Our results show that the resonance of
Fermi wave vector at specific barrier lengths gives rise to perfect
transmission rings, i.e., three-dimensional analogue of the so-called magic
transmission angles in two-dimensional Dirac semimetals. Besides, the
transmission profile can be shifted by application of magnetic field, a
property which may be utilized in electro-optic applications. When the applied
potential is close to the Fermi level, a particular incident vector can be
selected for transmission by tuning the applied magnetic field, thus enabling
highly selective transmission of electrons in the bulk of Weyl semimetals. Our
analytical and numerical calculations obtained by considering Dirac electrons
in three regions and using experimentally feasible parameters can pave the way
for relativistic tunneling applications in Weyl semimetals.


title:
Convergence analysis of a locally accelerated preconditioned steepest
  descent method for Hermitian-definite generalized eigenvalue problems

abstract:
  By extending the classical analysis techniques due to Samokish, Faddeev and
Faddeeva, and Longsine and McCormick among others, we prove the convergence of
preconditioned steepest descent with implicit deflation (PSD-id) method for
solving Hermitian-definite generalized eigenvalue problems. Furthermore, we
derive a nonasymptotic estimate of the rate of convergence of the \psdid
method. We show that with the proper choice of the shift, the indefinite
shift-and-invert preconditioner is a locally accelerated preconditioner, and is
asymptotically optimal that leads to superlinear convergence. Numerical
examples are presented to verify the theoretical results on the convergence
behavior of the \psdid method for solving ill-conditioned Hermitian-definite
generalized eigenvalue problems arising from electronic structure calculations.
While rigorous and full-scale convergence proofs of preconditioned block
steepest descent methods in practical use still largely eludes us, we believe
the theoretical results presented in this paper sheds light on an improved
understanding of the convergence behavior of these block methods.


title: Notes on Planar Resolvents of Chern-Simons-matter Matrix Models

abstract:
  We revisit planar resolvents of matrix models corresponding to ${\cal N}\ge3$
Chern-Simons-matter theories with the gauge groups of the form ${\rm
U}(N_1)\times{\rm U}(N_2)$ coupled to any number of bi-fundamental
hypermultiplets. We find that the derivative of a suitably defined planar
resolvent can be written explicitly. From this resolvent, we derive the
explicit formula for (a linear combination of) the vevs of BPS Wilson loops.


title: Isospin Invariance and the Vacuum Polarization Energy of Cosmic Strings

abstract:
  We corroborate the previously applied spectral approach to compute the vacuum
polarization energy of string configurations in models similar to the standard
model of particle physics. The central observation underlying this
corroboration is the existence of a particular global isospin transformation of
the string configuration. Under this transformation the single particle
energies of the quantum fluctuations are invariant, while the inevitable
implementation of regularization and renormalization requires operations that
are not invariant. We verify numerically that all such variances eventually
cancel, and that the vacuum polarization energy obtained in the spectral
approach is indeed gauge invariant.


title: A Mean Field Game of Optimal Stopping

abstract:
  We formulate a stochastic game of mean field type where the agents solve
optimal stopping problems and interact through the proportion of players that
have already stopped. Working with a continuum of agents, typical equilibria
become functions of the common noise that all agents are exposed to, whereas
idiosyncratic randomness can be eliminated by an Exact Law of Large Numbers.
Under a structural monotonicity assumption, we can identify equilibria with
solutions of a simple equation involving the distribution function of the
idiosyncratic noise. Solvable examples allow us to gain insight into the
uniqueness of equilibria and the dynamics in the population.


title:
Primal-dual method to the minimized surface regularization for image
  restoration

abstract:
  We propose a new image restoration model based on the minimized surface
regularization. The proposed model closely relates to the classical smoothing
ROF model \cite{4}. We can reformulate the proposed model as a min-max problem
and solve it using the primal dual method. Relying on the convex conjugate, the
convergence of the algorithm is provided as well. Numerical implementations
mainly emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it to
other well-known methods in terms of the CPU time and restored quality