title: Actuation of thin nematic elastomer sheets with controlled heterogeneity

abstract:
  Nematic elastomers and glasses deform spontaneously when subjected to
temperature changes. This property can be exploited in the design of
heterogeneously patterned thin sheets that deform into a non-trivial shape when
heated or cooled. In this paper, we start from a variational formulation for
the entropic elastic energy of liquid crystal elastomers and we derive an
effective two-dimensional metric constraint, which links the deformation and
the heterogeneous director field. Our main results show that satisfying the
metric constraint is both necessary and sufficient for the deformation to be an
approximate minimizer of the energy. We include several examples which show
that the class of deformations satisfying the metric constraint is quite rich.


title:
A mathematical model coupling polarity signaling to cell adhesion
  explains diverse cell migration patterns

abstract:
  Cells crawling through tissues migrate inside a complex fibrous environment
called the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides signals regulating
motility. Here we investigate one such well-known pathway, involving mutually
antagonistic signalling molecules (small GTPases Rac and Rho) that control the
protrusion and contraction of the cell edges (lamellipodia). Invasive melanoma
cells were observed migrating on surfaces with topography (array of posts),
coated with adhesive molecules (fibronectin, FN) by Park et al., 2016. Several
distinct qualitative behaviors they observed included persistent polarity,
oscillation between the cell front and back, and random dynamics. To gain
insight into the link between intracellular and ECM signaling, we compared
experimental observations to a sequence of mathematical models encoding
distinct hypotheses. The successful model required several critical factors.
(1) Competition of lamellipodia for limited pools of GTPases. (2) Protrusion /
contraction of lamellipodia influence ECM signaling. (3) ECM-mediated
activation of Rho. A model combining these elements explains all three cellular
behaviors and correctly predicts the results of experimental perturbations.
This study yields new insight into how the dynamic interactions between
intracellular signaling and the cell's environment influence cell behavior.


title:
Partition of unity finite element method for quantum mechanical
  materials calculations

abstract:
  The current state of the art for large-scale quantum-mechanical simulations
is the planewave (PW) pseudopotential method, as implemented in codes such as
VASP, ABINIT, and many others. However, since the PW method uses a global
Fourier basis, with strictly uniform resolution at all points in space, it
suffers from substantial inefficiencies in calculations involving atoms with
localized states, such as first-row and transition-metal atoms, and requires
significant nonlocal communications, which limit parallel efficiency.
Real-space methods such as finite-differences and finite-elements have
partially addressed both resolution and parallel-communications issues but have
been plagued by one key disadvantage relative to PW: excessive number of
degrees of freedom needed to achieve the required accuracies. We present a
real-space partition of unity finite element (PUFE) method to solve the
Kohn-Sham equations of density functional theory. In the PUFE method, we build
the known atomic physics into the solution process using partition-of-unity
enrichment techniques in finite element analysis. The method developed herein
is completely general, applicable to metals and insulators alike, and
particularly efficient for deep, localized potentials, as occur in calculations
at extreme conditions of pressure and temperature. Full self-consistent
Kohn-Sham calculations are presented for LiH, involving light atoms, and CeAl,
involving heavy atoms with large numbers of atomic-orbital enrichments. We find
that the new PUFE approach attains the required accuracies with substantially
fewer degrees of freedom, typically by an order of magnitude or more, than the
PW method. We compute the equation of state of LiH and show that the computed
lattice constant and bulk modulus are in excellent agreement with reference PW
results, while requiring an order of magnitude fewer degrees of freedom to
obtain.


title:
Reproduction Number And Asymptotic Stability For The Dynamics of a Honey
  Bee Colony with Continuous Age Structure

abstract:
  A system of partial differential equations is derived as a model for the
dynamics of a honey bee colony with a continuous age distribution, and the
system is then extended to include the effects of a simplified infectious
disease. In the disease-free case we analytically derive the equilibrium age
distribution within the colony and propose a novel approach for determining the
global asymptotic stability of a reduced model. Furthermore, we present a
method for determining the basic reproduction number $R_0$ of the infection;
the method can be applied to other age-structured disease models with
interacting susceptible classes. The results of asymptotic stability indicate
that a honey bee colony suffering losses will recover naturally so long as the
cause of the losses is removed before the colony collapses. Our expression for
$R_0$ has potential uses in the tracking and control of an infectious disease
within a bee colony.


title: The selection function of the RAVE survey

abstract:
  We characterize the selection function of RAVE using 2MASS as our underlying
population, which we assume represents all stars which could have potentially
been observed. We evaluate the completeness fraction as a function of position,
magnitude, and color in two ways: first, on a field-by-field basis, and second,
in equal-size areas on the sky. Then, we consider the effect of the RAVE
stellar parameter pipeline on the final resulting catalogue, which in principle
limits the parameter space over which our selection function is valid. Our
final selection function is the product of the completeness fraction and the
selection function of the pipeline. We then test if the application of the
selection function introduces biases in the derived parameters. To do this, we
compare a parent mock catalogue generated using Galaxia with a mock-RAVE
catalogue where the selection function of RAVE has been applied. We conclude
that for stars brighter than I = 12, between $4000 \rm K < T_{\rm eff} < 8000
\rm K$ and $0.5 < \rm{log}\,g < 5.0$, RAVE is kinematically and chemically
unbiased with respect to expectations from Galaxia.


title:
On the constants for some fractional Gagliardo-Nirenberg and Sobolev
  inequalities

abstract:
  We consider the inequalities of Gagliardo-Nirenberg and Sobolev in R^d,
formulated in terms of the Laplacian Delta and of the fractional powers D^n :=
(-Delta)^(n/2) with real n >= 0; we review known facts and present novel
results in this area. After illustrating the equivalence between these two
inequalities and the relations between the corresponding sharp constants and
maximizers, we focus the attention on the L^2 case where, for all sufficiently
regular f : R^d -> C, the norm || D^j f||_{L^r} is bounded in terms of || f
||_{L^2} and || D^n f ||_{L^2} for 1/r = 1/2 - (theta n - j)/d, and suitable
values of j,n,theta (with j,n possibly noninteger). In the special cases theta
= 1 and theta = j/n + d/2 n (i.e., r = + infinity), related to previous results
of Lieb and Ilyin, the sharp constants and the maximizers can be found
explicitly; we point out that the maximizers can be expressed in terms of
hypergeometric, Fox and Meijer functions. For the general L^2 case, we present
two kinds of upper bounds on the sharp constants: the first kind is suggested
by the literature, the second one is an alternative proposal of ours, often
more precise than the first one. We also derive two kinds of lower bounds.
Combining all the available upper and lower bounds, the Gagliardo-Nirenberg and
Sobolev sharp constants are confined to quite narrow intervals. Several
examples are given.


title: On the mean Euler characteristic of Gorenstein toric contact manifolds

abstract:
  We prove that the mean Euler characteristic of a Gorenstein toric contact
manifold, i.e. a good toric contact manifold with zero first Chern class, is
equal to half the normalized volume of the corresponding toric diagram and give
some applications. A particularly interesting one, obtained using a result of
Batyrev and Dais, is the following: twice the mean Euler characteristic of a
Gorenstein toric contact manifold is equal to the Euler characteristic of any
crepant toric symplectic filling, i.e. any toric symplectic filling with zero
first Chern class.


title: Extensions and Limitations of the Neural GPU

abstract:
  The Neural GPU is a recent model that can learn algorithms such as
multi-digit binary addition and binary multiplication in a way that generalizes
to inputs of arbitrary length. We show that there are two simple ways of
improving the performance of the Neural GPU: by carefully designing a
curriculum, and by increasing model size. The latter requires a memory
efficient implementation, as a naive implementation of the Neural GPU is memory
intensive. We find that these techniques increase the set of algorithmic
problems that can be solved by the Neural GPU: we have been able to learn to
perform all the arithmetic operations (and generalize to arbitrarily long
numbers) when the arguments are given in the decimal representation (which,
surprisingly, has not been possible before). We have also been able to train
the Neural GPU to evaluate long arithmetic expressions with multiple operands
that require respecting the precedence order of the operands, although these
have succeeded only in their binary representation, and not with perfect
accuracy.
  In addition, we gain insight into the Neural GPU by investigating its failure
modes. We find that Neural GPUs that correctly generalize to arbitrarily long
numbers still fail to compute the correct answer on highly-symmetric, atypical
inputs: for example, a Neural GPU that achieves near-perfect generalization on
decimal multiplication of up to 100-digit long numbers can fail on
$000000\dots002 \times 000000\dots002$ while succeeding at $2 \times 2$. These
failure modes are reminiscent of adversarial examples.


title: Granular Impact: A Grain-scale Approach

abstract:
  This work summarizes a series of studies on two-dimensional granular impact,
where an intruding object strikes a granular material at high speed. Many
previous studies on granular impact have used a macroscopic force law, which is
dominated by an inertial drag term proportional to the intruder velocity
squared. The primary focus here is on the microscopic force response of the
granular material, and how the grain-scale effects give rise to this inertial
drag term. We show that the inertial drag arises from intermittent collisions
with force-chain-like structures. We construct a simple collisional model to
explain the inertial drag, as well as off-axis instability and rotations.
Finally, we show how the granular response changes when the intruder speed
approaches $d/t_c$, leading to a failure of the inertial drag description in
this regime. Here, $d$ is the mean particle diameter and $t_c$ the
characteristic momentum-transfer time between two grains.


title: Inverse Symmetric Inflationary Attractors

abstract:
  We present a class of inflationary potentials which are invariant under a
special symmetry, which depends on the parameters of the models. As we show, in
certain limiting cases, the inverse symmetric potentials are qualitatively
similar to the $\alpha$-attractors models, since the resulting observational
indices are identical. However, there are some quantitative differences which
we discuss in some detail. As we show, some inverse symmetric models always
yield results compatible with observations, but this strongly depends on the
asymptotic form of the potential at large $e$-folding numbers. In fact when the
limiting functional form is identical to the one corresponding to the
$\alpha$-attractors models, the compatibility with the observations is
guaranteed. Also we find the relation of the inverse symmetric models with the
Starobinsky model and we highlight the differences. In addition, an alternative
inverse symmetric model is studied and as we show, not all the inverse
symmetric models are viable. Moreover, we study the corresponding $F(R)$
gravity theory and we show that the Jordan frame theory belongs to the $R^2$
attractor class of models. Finally we discuss a non-minimally coupled theory
and we show that the attractor behavior occurs in this case too.


title:
Enerji \.Izleme Yaz{\i}l{\i}mlar{\i} i\c{c}in Merkezi ve Genel bir
  Mimari (A Centralized and Generic Architecture for Energy Monitoring
  Software)

abstract:
  There is need for several software systems within the energy domain and
corresponding systems are being developed to satisfy these needs. These systems
include energy monitoring, information, wide area monitoring and control
systems, and SCADA systems. Energy monitoring systems are one of the most
important and common systems among them. In this study, after briefly reviewing
several of the software systems within the energy domain, a centralized and
generic software architecture for energy monitoring systems is presented. Next,
sample projects are described in which energy monitoring systems based on this
architecture have been implemented. We envisage that this study will be an
important resource for software projects in the energy domain.


title:
Why and When Can Deep -- but Not Shallow -- Networks Avoid the Curse of
  Dimensionality: a Review

abstract:
  The paper characterizes classes of functions for which deep learning can be
exponentially better than shallow learning. Deep convolutional networks are a
special case of these conditions, though weight sharing is not the main reason
for their exponential advantage.


title:
The Role of Ice Compositions for Snowlines and the C/N/O Ratios in
  Active Disks

abstract:
  The elemental compositions of planets define their chemistry, and could
potentially be used as beacons for their formation location if the elemental
gas and grain ratios of planet birth environments, i.e. protoplanetary disks,
are well understood. In disks, the ratios of volatile elements, such as C/O and
N/O, are regulated by the abundance of the main C, N, O carriers, their ice
binding environment, and the presence of snowlines of major volatiles at
different distances from the central star. We explore the effects of disk
dynamical processes, molecular compositions and abundances, and ice
compositions on the snowline locations of the main C, O and N carriers, and the
C/N/O ratios in gas and dust throughout the disk. The gas-phase N/O ratio
enhancement in the outer disk (exterior to the H2O snowline) exceeds the C/O
ratio enhancement for all reasonable volatile compositions. Ice compositions
and disk dynamics individually change the snowline location of N2, the main
nitrogen carrier, by a factor of 2-3, and when considered together the range of
possible N2 snowline locations is ~11- ~79 AU in a standard disk model.
Observations that anchor snowline locations at different stages of planet
formation are therefore key to develop C/N/O ratios as a probe of planet
formation zones.


title: Chaotic Memory Randomization for Securing Embedded Systems

abstract:
  Embedded systems permeate through nearly all aspects of modern society. From
cars to refrigerators to nuclear refineries, securing these systems has never
been more important. Intrusions, such as the Stuxnet malware which broke the
centrifuges in Iran's Natanz refinery, can be catastrophic to not only the
infected systems, but even to the wellbeing of the surrounding population.
Modern day protection mechanisms for these embedded systems generally look only
at protecting the network layer, and those that try to discover malware already
existing on a system typically aren't efficient enough to run on a standalone
embedded system. As such, we present a novel way to ensure that no malware has
been inserted into an embedded system. We chaotically randomize the entire
memory space of the application, interspersing watchdog-monitor programs
throughout, to monitor that the core application hasn't been infiltrated. By
validating the original program through conventional methods and creating a
clean reset, we can ensure that any inserted malware is purged from the system
with minimal effect on the given system. We also present a software prototype
to validate the possibility of this approach, but given the limitations and
vulnerabilities of the prototype, we also suggest a hardware alternative to the
system.


title:
Euler-type equations and commutators in singular and hyperbolic limits
  of kinetic Cucker-Smale models

abstract:
  This paper deals with the derivation and analysis of a compressible
Euler-type equation with singular commutator, which is derived from a
hyperbolic limit of the kinetic description to the Cucker-Smale model of
interacting individuals


title: Experimental Studies of Artificial Spin Ice

abstract:
  Artificial spin ices were originally introduced as analogs of the pyrochlore
spin ices, but have since become a much richer field . The original attraction
of building nanotechnological analogs of the pyrochlores were threefold: to
allow room temperature studies of geometrical frustration; to provide model
statistical mechanical systems where all the relevant parameters in an
experiment can be tuned by design; and to be able to examine the exact
microstate of those systems using advanced magnetic microscopy methods. From
this beginning the field has grown to encompass studies of the effects of
quenched disorder, thermally activated dynamics, microwave frequency responses,
magnetotransport properties, and the development of lattice geometries--with
related emergent physics---that have no analog in naturally-occurring
crystalline systems. The field also offers the prospect of contributing to
novel magnetic logic devices, since the arrays of nanoislands that form
artificial spin ices are similar in many respects to those that are used in the
development of magnetic quantum cellular automata. In this chapter, I review
the experimental aspects of this story, complementing the theoretical chapter
by Gia-Wei Chern.


title:
Optimal Heavy-Traffic Queue Length Scaling in an Incompletely Saturated
  Switch

abstract:
  We consider an input queued switch operating under the MaxWeight scheduling
algorithm. This system is interesting to study because it is a model for
Internet routers and data center networks. Recently, it was shown that the
MaxWeight algorithm has optimal heavy-traffic queue length scaling when all
ports are uniformly saturated. Here we consider the case when an arbitrary
number of ports are saturated (which we call the incompletely saturated case),
and each port is allowed to saturate at a different rate. We use a recently
developed drift technique to show that the heavy-traffic queue length under the
MaxWeight scheduling algorithm has optimal scaling with respect to the switch
size even in these cases.


title:
The High-Redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey:
  The \spitzer Catalog

abstract:
  We present 190 galaxy cluster candidates (most at high redshift) based on
galaxy overdensity measurements in the \spitzer/IRAC imaging of the fields
surrounding 646 bent, double-lobed radio sources drawn from the Clusters
Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey. The COBRA sources were chosen as
objects in the VLA FIRST survey that lack optical counterparts in the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to a limit of $m_r=22$, making them likely to lie at
high redshift. This is confirmed by our observations: the redshift distribution
of COBRA sources with estimated redshifts peaks near $z=1$, and extends out to
$z\approx3$. Cluster candidates were identified by comparing our target fields
to a background field and searching for statistically significant
($\ge2\sigma$) excesses in the galaxy number counts surrounding the radio
sources; 190 fields satisfy the $\ge2\sigma$ limit. We find that 530 fields
(82.0\%) have a net positive excess of galaxies surrounding the radio source.
Many of the fields with positive excesses but below the $2\sigma$ cutoff are
likely to be galaxy groups. Forty-one COBRA sources are quasars with known
spectroscopic redshifts, which may be tracers of some of the most distant
clusters known.


title:
Microstructural rearrangements and their rheological implications in a
  model Thixotropic Elasto-Visco-Plastic (TEVP) fluid

abstract:
  We identify the sequence of microstructural changes that characterize the
evolution of an attractive particulate gel under flow and discuss their
implications on macroscopic rheology. Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is
used to monitor shear-driven evolution of a fabric tensor constructed from the
ensemble spatial configuration of individual attractive constituents within the
gel. By decomposing this tensor into isotropic and non-isotropic components we
show that the average coordination number correlates directly with the flow
curve of the shear stress vs. shear rate, consistent with theoretical
predictions for attractive systems. We show that the evolution in non-isotropic
local particle rearrangements are primarily responsible for stress overshoots
(strain-hardening) at the inception of steady shear flow and also lead, at
larger times and longer scales, to microstructural localization phenomena such
as shear banding flow-induced structure formation in the vorticity direction.


title: Interacting spinning fermions with quasi-random disorder

abstract:
  Interacting spinning fermions with strong quasi-random disorder are analyzed
via rigorous Renormalization Group (RG) methods combined with KAM techniques.
The correlations are written in terms of an expansion whose convergence follows
from number-theoretical properties of the frequency and cancellations due to
Pauli principle. A striking difference appears between spinless and spinning
fermions; in the first case there are no relevant effective interactions while
in presence of spin an additional relevant quartic term is present in the RG
flow. The large distance exponential decay of the correlations present in the
non interacting case, consequence of the single particle localization, is shown
to persist in the spinning case only for temperatures greater than a power of
the many body interaction, while in the spinless case this happens up to zero
temperature.


title:
The local Euler obstruction and topology of the stabilization of
  associated determinantal varieties

abstract:
  This work has two complementary parts, in the first part we compute the local
Euler obstruction of generic determinantal varieties and apply this result to
compute the Chern--Schwartz--MacPherson class of such varieties. In the second
part we compute the Euler characteristic of the stabilization of an essentially
isolated determinantal singularity (EIDS). The formula is given in terms of the
local Euler obstruction and Gaffney's $m_{d}$ multiplicity.


title: Rydberg Quantum Gates Free from Blockade Error

abstract:
  Accurate quantum gates are basic elements for building quantum computers.
There has been great interest in designing quantum logic gates by using
blockade effect of Rydberg atoms recently. The fidelity and operation speed of
these gates, however, are fundamentally limited by an intrinsic blockade error.
Here we propose a type of quantum gates, which are based on Rydberg blockade
effect, yet free from any blockade error. In contrast to the "blocking" method
in previous schemes, we use Rydberg energy shift to realize a rational
generalized Rabi frequency so that a $\pi$ phase for one input state of the
gate emerges. This leads to an accurate Rydberg quantum logic gate that can
operate on a 0.1-$\mu s$ timescale or faster because it works by a Rabi
frequency which is comparable to the blockade shift.


title: Porting the LSST Data Management Pipeline Software to Python 3

abstract:
  The LSST data management science pipelines software consists of more than
100,000 lines of Python 2 code. LSST operations will begin after support for
Python 2 has been dropped by the Python community in 2020, and we must
therefore plan to migrate the codebase to Python 3. During the transition
period we must also support our community of active Python 2 users and this
complicates the porting significantly. We have decided to use the Python future
package as the basis for our port to enable support for Python 2 and Python 3
simultaneously, whilst developing with a mindset more suited to Python 3. In
this paper we report on the current status of the port and the difficulties
that have been encountered.


title: Galaxy-galaxy lensing estimators and their covariance properties

abstract:
  We study the covariance properties of real space correlation function
estimators -- primarily galaxy-shear correlations, or galaxy-galaxy lensing --
using SDSS data for both shear catalogs and lenses (specifically the BOSS LOWZ
sample). Using mock catalogs of lenses and sources, we disentangle the various
contributions to the covariance matrix and compare them with a simple
analytical model. We show that not subtracting the lensing measurement around
random points from the measurement around the lens sample is equivalent to
performing the measurement using the lens density field instead of the lens
over-density field. While the measurement using the lens density field is
unbiased (in the absence of systematics), its error is significantly larger due
to an additional term in the covariance. Therefore, this subtraction should be
performed regardless of its beneficial effects on systematics. Comparing the
error estimates from data and mocks for estimators that involve the
over-density, we find that the errors are dominated by the shape noise and lens
clustering, that empirically estimated covariances (jackknife and standard
deviation across mocks) are consistent with theoretical estimates, and that
both the connected parts of the 4-point function and the super-sample
covariance can be neglected for the current levels of noise. While the
trade-off between different terms in the covariance depends on the survey
configuration (area, source number density), the diagnostics that we use in
this work should be useful for future works to test their
empirically-determined covariances.


title: Random spin distributions and the diffusion equation

abstract:
  We show that the probability distribution corresponding to a fully random
tracial state of a system of spin-S particles satisfies a diffusion-like
equation. The diffusion coefficient turns out to be equal to $S(S+1)/6$, where
$S$ is the magnitude of the spin of each particle. We also present a
bosonization scheme for the lowering and raising total spin operators.


title:
On torsion pairs, (well generated) weight structures, adjacent
  $t$-structures, and related (co)homological functors

abstract:
  The paper contains a collection of results related to weight structures,
$t$-structures, and (more generally) to torsion pairs. For any weight structure
$w$ we study (co)homological pure functors; these "ignore all weights except
weight zero" and have already found several applications. We also study virtual
$t$-truncations of cohomological functors coming from $w$. These are closely
related to $t$-structures; so we prove in several cases (including certain
categories of coherent sheaves) that $w$ "gives" a $t$-structure (that is
adjacent or $\Phi$-orthogonal to it). We also study in detail "well generated"
weight structures (and prove that any perfect set of objects generates a weight
structure). The existence of weight structures right adjacent to compactly
generated $t$-structures (and constructed using Brown-Comenetz duality) implies
that the hearts of the latter have injective cogenerators and satisfy the AB3*
axiom; actually, "most of them" are Grothendieck abelian (due to the existence
of "regularly orthogonal" weight structures).
  It is convenient for us to use the notion of torsion pairs; these essentially
generalize both weight structures and $t$-structures. We prove several
properties of torsion pairs (that are rather parallel to that of weight
structures); we also generalize a theorem of D. Pospisil and J. Stovicek to
obtain a classification of compactly generated torsion pairs.


title:
Almost-Linear-Time Algorithms for Markov Chains and New Spectral
  Primitives for Directed Graphs

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce a notion of spectral approximation for directed
graphs. While there are many potential ways one might define approximation for
directed graphs, most of them are too strong to allow sparse approximations in
general. In contrast, we prove that for our notion of approximation, such
sparsifiers do exist, and we show how to compute them in almost linear time.
  Using this notion of approximation, we provide a general framework for
solving asymmetric linear systems that is broadly inspired by the work of
[Peng-Spielman, STOC`14]. Applying this framework in conjunction with our
sparsification algorithm, we obtain an almost linear time algorithm for solving
directed Laplacian systems associated with Eulerian Graphs. Using this solver
in the recent framework of [Cohen-Kelner-Peebles-Peng-Sidford-Vladu, FOCS`16],
we obtain almost linear time algorithms for solving a directed Laplacian linear
system, computing the stationary distribution of a Markov chain, computing
expected commute times in a directed graph, and more.
  For each of these problems, our algorithms improves the previous best running
times of $O((nm^{3/4} + n^{2/3} m) \log^{O(1)} (n \kappa \epsilon^{-1}))$ to
$O((m + n2^{O(\sqrt{\log{n}\log\log{n}})}) \log^{O(1)} (n \kappa
\epsilon^{-1}))$ where $n$ is the number of vertices in the graph, $m$ is the
number of edges, $\kappa$ is a natural condition number associated with the
problem, and $\epsilon$ is the desired accuracy. We hope these results open the
door for further studies into directed spectral graph theory, and will serve as
a stepping stone for designing a new generation of fast algorithms for directed
graphs.


title: Accelerated Methods for Non-Convex Optimization

abstract:
  We present an accelerated gradient method for non-convex optimization
problems with Lipschitz continuous first and second derivatives. The method
requires time $O(\epsilon^{-7/4} \log(1/ \epsilon) )$ to find an
$\epsilon$-stationary point, meaning a point $x$ such that $\|\nabla f(x)\| \le
\epsilon$. The method improves upon the $O(\epsilon^{-2} )$ complexity of
gradient descent and provides the additional second-order guarantee that
$\nabla^2 f(x) \succeq -O(\epsilon^{1/2})I$ for the computed $x$. Furthermore,
our method is Hessian free, i.e. it only requires gradient computations, and is
therefore suitable for large scale applications.


title:
Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from Planck combined with the
  South Pole Telescope CMB B-mode polarization measurements

abstract:
  A primordial magnetic field (PMF) present before recombination can leave
specific signatures on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations. Of
particular importance is its contribution to the B-mode polarization power
spectrum. Indeed, vortical modes sourced by the PMF can dominate the B-mode
power spectrum on small scales, as they survive damping up to a small fraction
of the Silk length. Therefore, measurements of the B-mode polarization at
high-$\ell$ , such as the one recently performed by the South Pole Telescope
(SPT), have the potential to provide stringent constraints on the PMF. We use
the publicly released SPT B-mode polarization spectrum, along with the
temperature and polarization data from the Planck satellite, to derive
constraints on the magnitude, the spectral index and the energy scale at which
the PMF was generated. We find that, while Planck data constrains the magnetic
amplitude to $B_{1 \, \text{Mpc}} < 3.3$ nG at 95\% confidence level (CL), the
SPT measurement improves the constraint to $B_{1 \, \text{Mpc}} < 1.5$ nG. The
magnetic spectral index, $n_B$, and the time of the generation of the PMF are
unconstrained. For a nearly scale-invariant PMF, predicted by simplest
inflationary magnetogenesis models, the bound from Planck+SPT is $B_{1 \,
\text{Mpc}} < 1.2$ nG at 95% CL. For PMF with $n_B=2$, expected for fields
generated in post-inflationary phase transitions, the 95% CL bound is $B_{1 \,
\text{Mpc}} < 0.002$ nG, corresponding to the magnetic fraction of the
radiation density $\Omega_{B\gamma} < 10^{-3}$ or the effective field $B_{\rm
eff} < 100$ nG. The patches for the Boltzmann code CAMB and the Markov Chain
Monte Carlo engine CosmoMC, incorporating the PMF effects on CMB, are made
publicly available.


title:
Measurement of the circular polarization in radio emission from
  extensive air showers confirms emission mechanisms

abstract:
  We report here on a novel analysis of the complete set of four Stokes
parameters that uniquely determine the linear and/or circular polarization of
the radio signal for an extensive air shower. The observed dependency of the
circular polarization on azimuth angle and distance to the shower axis is a
clear signature of the interfering contributions from two different radiation
mechanisms, a main contribution due to a geomagnetically-induced transverse
current and a secondary component due to the build-up of excess charge at the
shower front. The data, as measured at LOFAR, agree very well with a
calculation from first principles. This opens the possibility to use circular
polarization as an investigative tool in the analysis of air shower structure,
such as for the determination of atmospheric electric fields.


title: Tracing the first stars and galaxies of the Milky Way

abstract:
  We use 30 high-resolution dark matter halos of the $Caterpillar$ simulation
suite to probe the first stars and galaxies of Milky Way-mass systems. We
quantify the environment of the high-$z$ progenitors of the Milky Way and
connect them to the properties of the host and satellites today. We identify
the formation sites of the first generation of Population III (Pop III) stars
($z$ ~ 25) and first galaxies ($z$ ~ 22) with several different models based on
a minimum halo mass including a simple model for Lyman-Werner feedback. Through
this method we find approximately 23,000 $\pm$ 5,000 Pop III potentially
star-forming sites per Milky Way-mass host, though this number is drastically
reduced to ~550 star-forming sites when Lyman-Werner feedback is included, as
it has critical effects at these length scales. The majority of these halos
identified form in isolation (96% at $z$ = 15) and are not subject to external
enrichment by neighboring halos (median separation ~1 pkpc at $z$ = 15), though
half merge with a system larger than themselves within 1.5 Gyrs. Approximately
55% of the entire population has merged into the host halo by $z$ = 0. Using
particle tagging, we additionally trace the Pop III remnant population to $z$ =
0 and find an order of magnitude scatter in their number density at small (i.e.
r $<$ 5 kpc) and large (i.e. r $>$ 50 kpc) galactocentric radii at $z$ = 0.
Using our large number of realizations, we provide fitting functions for
determining the number of progenitor minihalo and atomic cooling halo systems
that present-day dwarf galaxies and the Magellanic cloud system might have
accreted since their formation. We demonstrate that observed dwarf galaxies
with stellar masses below 10$^{4.6}$ M$_{\odot}$ are unlikely to have merged
with any other star-forming systems.


title: Quantum Laplacian Eigenmap

abstract:
  Laplacian eigenmap algorithm is a typical nonlinear model for dimensionality
reduction in classical machine learning. We propose an efficient quantum
Laplacian eigenmap algorithm to exponentially speed up the original
counterparts. In our work, we demonstrate that the Hermitian chain product
proposed in quantum linear discriminant analysis (arXiv:1510.00113,2015) can be
applied to implement quantum Laplacian eigenmap algorithm. While classical
Laplacian eigenmap algorithm requires polynomial time to solve the eigenvector
problem, our algorithm is able to exponentially speed up nonlinear
dimensionality reduction.


title:
Stars with fast Galactic rotation observed in Gaia TGAS: a signature
  driven by the Perseus arm?

abstract:
  We report on the detection of a small overdensity of stars in velocity space
with systematically higher Galactocentric rotation velocity than the Sun by
about 20 km s$^{-1}$ in the $Gaia$ Data Release 1 Tycho-Gaia astrometric
solution (TGAS) data. We find these fast Galactic rotators more clearly outside
of the Solar radius, compared to inside of the Solar radius. In addition, the
velocity of the fast Galactic rotators is independent of the Galactocentric
distance up to $R-R_{\odot}\sim0.6$ kpc. Comparing with numerical models, we
qualitatively discuss that a possible cause of this feature is the co-rotation
resonance of the Perseus spiral arm, where the stars in peri-centre phase in
the trailing side of the Perseus spiral arm experience an extended period of
acceleration owing to the torque from the Perseus arm.


title:
The space density of luminous dusty star-forming galaxies at $z>4$:
  SCUBA-2 and LABOCA imaging of ultrared galaxies from $Herschel$-ATLAS

abstract:
  Until recently, only a handful of dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) were
known at $z>4$, most of them significantly amplified by gravitational lensing.
Here, we have increased the number of such DSFGs substantially, selecting
galaxies from the uniquely wide 250-, 350- and 500-$\mu$m Herschel-ATLAS
imaging survey on the basis of their extremely red far-infrared colors and
faint 350- and 500-$\mu$m flux densities - ergo they are expected to be largely
unlensed, luminous, rare and very distant. The addition of ground-based
continuum photometry at longer wavelengths from the JCMT and APEX allows us to
identify the dust peak in their SEDs, better constraining their redshifts. We
select the SED templates best able to determine photometric redshifts using a
sample of 69 high-redshift, lensed DSFGs, then perform checks to assess the
impact of the CMB on our technique, and to quantify the systematic uncertainty
associated with our photometric redshifts, $\sigma=0.14\,(1+z)$, using a sample
of 25 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, each consistent with our color
selection. For Herschel-selected ultrared galaxies with typical colors of
$S_{500}/S_{250}\sim 2.2$ and $S_{500}/S_{350}\sim 1.3$ and flux densities,
$S_{500}\sim 50\,$mJy, we determine a median redshift, $\hat{z}_{\rm
phot}=3.66$, an interquartile redshift range, 3.30$-$4.27, with a median
rest-frame 8$-$1000-$\mu$m luminosity, $\hat{L}_{\rm IR}$, of $1.3\times
10^{13}\,$L$_\odot$. A third lie at $z>4$, suggesting a space density,
$\rho_{z>4}$, of $\approx 6 \times 10^{-7}\,$Mpc$^{-3}$. Our sample contains
the most luminous known star-forming galaxies, and the most over-dense cluster
of starbursting proto-ellipticals yet found.


title: Intertwining Operator in Thermal CFT$_{d}$

abstract:
  It has long been known that two-point functions of conformal field theory
(CFT) are nothing but the integral kernels of intertwining operators for two
equivalent representations of conformal algebra. Such intertwining operators
are known to fulfill some operator identities---the intertwining relations---in
the representation space of conformal algebra. Meanwhile, it has been known
that the S-matrix operator in scattering theory is nothing but the intertwining
operator between the Hilbert spaces of in- and out-particles. Inspired by this
algebraic resemblance, in this paper we develop a simple Lie-algebraic approach
to momentum-space two-point functions of thermal CFT living on the hyperbolic
spacetime $\mathbb{H}^{1}\times\mathbb{H}^{d-1}$ by exploiting the idea of
Kerimov's intertwining operator approach to exact S-matrix. We show that in
thermal CFT on $\mathbb{H}^{1}\times\mathbb{H}^{d-1}$ the intertwining
relations reduce to certain linear recurrence relations for two-point functions
in the complex momentum space. By solving these recurrence relations, we obtain
the momentum-space representations of advanced and retarded two-point functions
as well as positive- and negative-frequency two-point Wightman functions for a
scalar primary operator in arbitrary spacetime dimension $d\geq3$.


title:
Energetic constraints on electromagnetic signals from double black hole
  mergers

abstract:
  The possible Fermi detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to the double
black hole merger GW150914 has inspired many theoretical models, some of which
propose that the holes spiraled together inside a massive star. However, we
show that the heat produced by the dynamical friction on such black hole orbits
can exceed the stellar binding energy by a large factor, which means that this
heat could destroy the star and thus make it difficult for enough gas to be
near the holes at merger to produce detectable photons. These considerations
must be taken into account when models are proposed for electromagnetic
counterparts to the coalescence of two stellar-mass black holes. We find that
only when the two black holes form very close to the center can the star avoid
destruction. In that case, dynamical friction can make the black holes coalesce
faster than they would in vacuum, which leads to a modification of the
gravitational waveform that is potentially observable by advanced LIGO.


title:
The ALMA Early Science view of FUor/EXor objects. I. Through the
  looking-glass of V2775 Ori

abstract:
  As part of an ALMA survey to study the origin of episodic accretion in young
eruptive variables, we have observed the circumstellar environment of the star
V2775 Ori. This object is a very young, pre-main sequence object which displays
a large amplitude outburst characteristic of the FUor class. We present Cycle-2
band 6 observations of V2775 Ori with a continuum and CO (2-1) isotopologue
resolution of 0.25\as (103 au). We report the detection of a marginally
resolved circumstellar disc in the ALMA continuum with an integrated flux of
$106 \pm 2$ mJy, characteristic radius of $\sim$ 30 au, inclination of
$14.0^{+7.8}_{-14.5}$ deg, and is oriented nearly face-on with respect to the
plane of the sky.
  The \co~emission is separated into distinct blue and red-shifted regions that
appear to be rings or shells of expanding material from quasi-episodic
outbursts. The system is oriented in such a way that the disc is seen through
the outflow remnant of V2775 Ori, which has an axis along our line-of-sight.
The $^{13}$CO emission displays similar structure to that of the \co, while the
C$^{18}$O line emission is very weak. We calculated the expansion velocities of
the low- and medium-density material with respect to the disc to be of -2.85 km
s$^{-1}$ (blue), 4.4 km s$^{-1}$ (red) and -1.35 and 1.15 km s$^{-1}$ (for blue
and red) and we derived the mass, momentum and kinetic energy of the expanding
gas. The outflow has an hourglass shape where the cavities are not seen. We
interpret the shapes that the gas traces as cavities excavated by an ancient
outflow. We report a detection of line emission from the circumstellar disc and
derive a lower limit of the gas mass of 3 \MJup.


title:
Discovering new worlds: a review of signal processing methods for
  detecting exoplanets from astronomical radial velocity data

abstract:
  Exoplanets, short for `extra solar planets', are planets outside our solar
system. They are objects with masses less than around 15 Jupiter-masses that
orbit stars other than the Sun. They are small enough so they can not burn
deuterium in their cores, yet large enough that they are not so called `dwarf
planets' like Pluto.
  To discover life elsewhere in the universe, particularly outside our own
solar system, a good starting point would be to search for planets orbiting
nearby Sun-like stars, since the only example of life we know of thrives on a
planet we call Earth that orbits a G-type dwarf star. Furthermore,
understanding the population of exoplanetary systems in the nearby solar
neighbourhood allows us to understand the mechanisms that built our own solar
system and gave rise to the conditions necessary for our tree of life to
flourish.
  Signal processing is an integral part of exoplanet detection. From improving
the signal-to-noise ratio of the observed data to applying advanced statistical
signal processing methods, among others, to detect signals (potential planets)
in the data, astronomers have tended, and continue to tend, towards signal
processing in their quest of finding Earth-like planets. The following methods
have been used to detect exoplanets.


title:
LHC multijet events as a probe for anomalous dimension-six gluon
  interactions

abstract:
  Higher-dimensional multi-gluon interactions affect essentially all effective
Lagrangian analyses at the LHC. We show that, contrary to common lore, such
operators are best constrained in multi-jet production. Our limit on the
corresponding new physics scale in the multi-TeV range exceeds the typical
reach of global dimension-6 Higgs and top analyses. This implies that the pure
Yang-Mills operator can safely be neglected in almost all specific
higher-dimensional analyses at Run II.


title:
Inferring physical properties of galaxies from their emission line
  spectra

abstract:
  We present a new approach based on Supervised Machine Learning (SML)
algorithms to infer key physical properties of galaxies (density, metallicity,
column density and ionization parameter) from their emission line spectra. We
introduce a numerical code (called GAME, GAlaxy Machine learning for Emission
lines) implementing this method and test it extensively. GAME delivers
excellent predictive performances, especially for estimates of metallicity and
column densities. We compare GAME with the most widely used diagnostics (e.g.
R$_{23}$, [NII]$\lambda$6584 / H$\alpha$ indicators) showing that it provides
much better accuracy and wider applicability range. GAME is particularly
suitable for use in combination with Integral Field Unit (IFU) spectroscopy,
both for rest-frame optical/UV nebular lines and far-infrared/sub-mm lines
arising from Photo-Dissociation Regions. Finally, GAME can also be applied to
the analysis of synthetic galaxy maps built from numerical simulations.


title: VLT/Magellan spectroscopy of 29 strong lensing selected galaxy clusters

abstract:
  We present an extensive spectroscopic follow-up campaign of 29 strong lensing
(SL) selected galaxy clusters discovered primarily in the Second Red-Sequence
Cluster Survey (RCS-2). Our spectroscopic analysis yields redshifts for 52
gravitational arcs present in the core of our galaxy clusters, which correspond
to 35 distinct background sources that are clearly distorted by the
gravitational potential of these clusters. These lensed galaxies span a wide
redshift range of $0.8 \le z \le 2.9$, with a median redshift of $z_s = 1.8 \pm
0.1 $. We also measure reliable redshifts for 1004 cluster members, allowing us
to obtain robust velocity dispersion measurements for 23 of these clusters,
which we then use to determine their dynamical masses by using a
simulation-based $\sigma_{DM} - M_{200}$ scaling relation. The redshift and
mass ranges covered by our SL sample are $0.22 \le z \le 1.01$ and $5
\times10^{13} \le M_{200}/h^{-1}_{70}M_{\odot} \le 1.9\times10^{15}$,
respectively. We analyze and quantify some possible effects that might bias our
mass estimates, such as the presence of substructure, the region where cluster
members are selected for spectroscopic follow-up, the final number of confirmed
members, and line-of-sight effects. We find that 10 clusters of our sample with
$N_{mem} \gtrsim 20$ show signs of dynamical substructure. However, the
velocity data of only one system is inconsistent with a uni-modal distribution.
We therefore assume that the substructures are only marginal and not of
comparable size to the clusters themselves. Consequently, our velocity
dispersion and mass estimates can be used as priors for SL mass reconstruction
studies and also represent an important step toward a better understanding of
the properties of the SL galaxy cluster population.


title:
Rare region effects and dynamics near the many-body localization
  transition

abstract:
  The low-frequency response of systems near the many-body localization phase
transition, on either side of the transition, is dominated by contributions
from rare regions that are locally "in the other phase", i.e., rare localized
regions in a system that is typically thermal, or rare thermal regions in a
system that is typically localized. Rare localized regions affect the
properties of the thermal phase, especially in one dimension, by acting as
bottlenecks for transport and the growth of entanglement, whereas rare thermal
regions in the localized phase act as local "baths" and dominate the
low-frequency response of the MBL phase. We review recent progress in
understanding these rare-region effects, and discuss some of the open questions
associated with them: in particular, whether and in what circumstances a single
rare thermal region can destabilize the many-body localized phase.


title: Implications of a Stop Sector Signal at the LHC

abstract:
  Naturalness arguments suggest that the stop sector is within reach of the
Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We investigate how the observation of a third
generation squark signal could predict masses and discovery modes of other
supersymmetric particles, or potentially test the Higgs boson mass relation and
the validity of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) at the high
luminosity LHC. We illustrate these ideas in three distinct scenarios:
discovery of a light stop, a sbottom signal in multileptons, and a signal of
the second (heavier) stop in boosted dibosons.


title:
On the Accretion Rates and Radiative Efficiencies of the Highest
  Redshift Quasars

abstract:
  We estimate the accretion rates onto the supermassive black holes that power
20 of the highest-redshift quasars, at z>5.8, including the quasar with the
highest redshift known to date -- ULAS J1120 at z=7.09. The analysis is based
on the observed (rest-frame) optical luminosities and reliable "virial"
estimates of the BH masses of the quasars, and utilizes scaling relations
derived from thin accretion disk theory. The mass accretion rates through the
postulated disks cover a wide range, dM_disk/dt~4-190 Msol/yr, with most of the
objects (80\%) having dM_disk/dt~10-65 Msol/yr, confirming the
Eddington-limited nature of the accretion flows. By combining our estimates of
dM_disk/dt with conservative, lower limits on the bolometric luminosities of
the quasars, we investigate which alternative values of \eta best account for
all the available data. We find that the vast majority of quasars (~85\%) can
be explained with radiative efficiencies in the range \eta~0.03-0.3, with a
median value close to the commonly assumed \eta=0.1. Within this range, we
obtain conservative estimates of \eta>0.14 for ULAS J1120 and SDSS J0100 (at
z=6.3), and of >0.19 for SDSS J1148 (at z=6.41; assuming their BH masses are
accurate). The implied accretion timescales are generally in the range t_acc =
M_BH / dM_BH/dt ~0.1-1 Gyr, suggesting that most quasars could have had ~1-10
mass e-foldings since BH seed formation. Our analysis therefore demonstrates
that the available luminosities and masses for the highest-redshift quasars can
be explained self-consistently within the thin, radiatively efficient accretion
disk paradigm. Episodes of radiatively inefficient, "super-critical" accretion
may have occurred at significantly earlier epochs (i.e., z~10 or above).


title: PeV Neutrino Events at IceCube from Single Top-Quark Production

abstract:
  Deep inelastic scattering of very high-energy neutrinos can potentially be
enhanced by the production of a single top quark or charm quark via the
interaction of a virtual $W$-boson exchange with a $b$-quark or $s$-quark
parton in the nucleon. The single top contribution shows a sharp rise at
neutrino energies above 0.5 PeV and gives a cross-section contribution of order
5 percent at 10 PeV, while single charm has a low energy threshold and
contributes about 25 percent. Semi-leptonic decays of top and charm give
di-muon events whose kinematic characteristics are shown. The angular
separation of the di-muons from heavy quark production in the IceCube detector
can reach up to one degree. Top quark production has a unique, but rare, three
muon signal.


title:
The dust mass in Cassiopeia A from a spatially resolved Herschel
  analysis

abstract:
  Theoretical models predict that core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) can be
efficient dust producers (0.1-1.0 Msun), potentially accounting for most of the
dust production in the early Universe. Observational evidence for this dust
production efficiency is however currently limited to only a few CCSN remnants
(e.g., SN1987A, Crab Nebula). In this paper, we revisit the dust mass produced
in Cassiopeia A (Cas A), a ~330-year old O-rich Galactic supernova remnant
(SNR) embedded in a dense interstellar foreground and background. We present
the first spatially resolved analysis of Cas A based on Spitzer and Herschel
infrared and submillimetre data at a common resolution of ~0.6 arcmin for this
5 arcmin diameter remnant following a careful removal of contaminating line
emission and synchrotron radiation. We fit the dust continuum from 17 to 500
micron with a four-component interstellar medium (ISM) and supernova (SN) dust
model. We find a concentration of cold dust in the unshocked ejecta of Cas A
and derive a mass of 0.3-0.5 Msun of silicate grains freshly produced in the
SNR, with a lower limit of >=0.1-0.2 Msun. For a mixture of 50% of
silicate-type grains and 50% of carbonaceous grains, we derive a total SN dust
mass between 0.4 Msun and 0.6 Msun. These dust mass estimates are higher than
from most previous studies of Cas A and support the scenario of supernova
dominated dust production at high redshifts. We furthermore derive an
interstellar extinction map for the field around Cas A which towards Cas A
gives average values of A_V=6-8 mag, up to a maximum of A_V=15 mag.


title:
Binary Source Microlensing Event OGLE-2016-BLG-0733: Interpretation of A
  Long-term Asymmetric Perturbation

abstract:
  In the process of analyzing an observed light curve, one often confronts
various scenarios that can mimic the planetary signals causing difficulties in
the accurate interpretation of the lens system. In this paper, we present the
analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-0733. The light curve of the
event shows a long-term asymmetric perturbation that would appear to be due to
a planet. From the detailed modeling of the lensing light curve, however, we
find that the perturbation originates from the binarity of the source rather
than the lens. This result demonstrates that binary sources with roughly
equal-luminosity components can mimic long-term perturbations induced by
planets with projected separations near the Einstein ring. The result also
represents the importance of the consideration of various interpretations in
planet-like perturbations and of high-cadence observations for ensuring the
unambiguous detection of the planet.


title: Moir\'e Assisted Fractional Quantum Hall State Spectroscopy

abstract:
  Intra-Landau level excitations in the fractional quantum Hall regime are not
accessible via optical absorption measurements. We point out that optical
probes are enabled by the periodic potentials produced by a moir\'e pattern.
Our observation is motivated by the recent observations of fractional quantum
Hall incompressible states in moir\'e-patterned graphene on a hexagonal boron
nitride substrate, and is theoretically based on $f-$sum rule considerations
supplemented by a perturbative analysis of the influence of the moir\'e
potential on many-body states.


title:
Ly$\alpha$ Emitters with Very Large Ly$\alpha$ Equivalent Widths,
  EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$\alpha$) $\simeq 200-400$ \AA, at $z\sim 2$

abstract:
  We present physical properties of spectroscopically confirmed Ly$\alpha$
emitters (LAEs) with very large rest-frame Ly$\alpha$ equivalent widths
EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$\alpha$). Although the definition of large EW$_{\rm
0}$(Ly$\alpha$) LAEs is usually difficult due to limited statistical and
systematic uncertainties, we identify six LAEs selected from $\sim 3000$ LAEs
at $z\sim 2$ with reliable measurements of EW$_{\rm 0}$ (Ly$\alpha$) $\simeq
200-400$ \AA\ given by careful continuum determinations with our deep
photometric and spectroscopic data. These large EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$\alpha$) LAEs
do not have signatures of AGN, but notably small stellar masses of $M_{\rm *} =
10^{7-8}$ $M_{\rm \odot}$ and high specific star-formation rates (star
formation rate per unit galaxy stellar mass) of $\sim 100$ Gyr$^{-1}$. These
LAEs are characterized by the median values of $L({\rm Ly\alpha})=3.7\times
10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and $M_{\rm UV}=-18.0$ as well as the blue UV continuum
slope of $\beta = -2.5\pm0.2$ and the low dust extinction $E(B-V)_{\rm *} =
0.02^{+0.04}_{-0.02}$, which indicate a high median Ly$\alpha$ escape fraction
of $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm Ly\alpha}=0.68\pm0.30$. This large $f_{\rm esc}^{\rm
Ly\alpha}$ value is explained by the low {\sc Hi} column density in the ISM
that is consistent with FWHM of the Ly$\alpha$ line, ${\rm FWHM
(Ly\alpha)}=212\pm32$ km s$^{-1}$, significantly narrower than those of small
EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$\alpha$) LAEs. Based on the stellar evolution models, our
observational constraints of the large EW$_{\rm 0}$ (Ly$\alpha$), the small
$\beta$, and the rest-frame He{\sc ii} equivalent width imply that at least a
half of our large EW$_{\rm 0}$(Ly$\alpha$) LAEs would have young stellar ages
of $\lesssim 20$ Myr and very low metallicities of $Z<0.02 Z_\odot$ regardless
of the star-formation history.


title:
Tidal features of classical Milky Way satellites in a $\Lambda$CDM
  universe

abstract:
  We use the APOSTLE cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to examine the
effects of tidal stripping on cold dark matter (CDM) sub haloes that host three
of the most luminous Milky Way (MW) dwarf satellite galaxies: Fornax, Sculptor,
and Leo I. We identify simulated satellites that match the observed spatial and
kinematic distributions of stars in these galaxies, and track their evolution
after infall. We find $\sim$ 30$\%$ of subhaloes hosting satellites with
present-day stellar mass $10^6$-$10^8$ $M_{\odot}$ experience $>20\%$ stellar
mass loss after infall. Fornax analogues have earlier infall times compared to
Sculptor and Leo I analogues. Star formation in Fornax analogues continues for
$\sim3$-$6$ Gyr after infall, whereas Sculptor and Leo I analogues stop forming
stars $< 2$-$3$ Gyr after infall. Fornax analogues typically show more
significant stellar mass loss and exhibit stellar tidal tails, whereas Sculptor
and Leo I analogues, which are more deeply embedded in their host DM haloes at
infall, do not show substantial mass loss due to tides. When additionally
comparing the orbital motion of the host subaloes to the measured proper motion
of Fornax we find the matching more difficult; host subhaloes tend to have
pericentres smaller than that measured for Fornax itself. From the kinematic
and orbital data, we estimate that Fornax has lost $10-20\%$ of its infall
stellar mass. Our best estimate for the surface brightness of a stellar tidal
stream associated with Fornax is $\Sigma \sim$ 32.6 mag $ {\rm arcsec^{-2}}$,
which may be detectable with deep imaging surveys such as DES and LSST.


title: Dynamical Formation of Cataclysmic Variables in Globular Clusters

abstract:
  The formation and evolution of X-ray sources in globular clusters is likely
to be affected by the cluster internal dynamics and the stellar interactions in
the cluster dense environment.Several observational studies have revealed a
correlation between the number of X-ray sources and the stellar encounter rate
and provided evidence of the role of dynamics in the formation of X-ray
binaries. We have performed a survey of Monte-Carlo simulations aimed at
exploring the connection between the dynamics and formation of cataclysmic
variables (CVs) and the origin of the observed correlation between the number
of these objects, $N_{\rm cv}$, and the stellar encounter rate, $\Gamma$.The
results of our simulations show a correlation between $N_{\rm cv}$ and $\Gamma$
as found in observational data, illustrate the essential role played by
dynamics, and shed light on the dynamical history behind this correlation. CVs
in our simulations are more centrally concentrated than single stars with
masses close to those of turn-off stars, although this trend is stronger for
CVs formed from primordial binaries undergoing exchange encounters, which
include a population of more massive CVs absent in the group of CVs formed from
binaries not suffering any component exchange.


title: Enhanced direct collapse due to Lyman alpha feedback

abstract:
  We assess the impact of trapped Lyman alpha cooling radiation on the
formation of direct collapse black holes (DCBHs). We apply a one-zone chemical
and thermal evolution model, accounting for the photodetachment of H- ions,
precursors to the key coolant H2, by Lyman alpha photons produced during the
collapse of a cloud of primordial gas in an atomic cooling halo at high
redshift. We find that photodetachment of H- by trapped Lyman alpha photons may
lower the level of the H2-dissociating background radiation field required for
DCBH formation substantially, dropping the critical flux by up to a factor of a
few. This translates into a potentially large increase in the expected number
density of DCBHs in the early Universe, and supports the view that DCBHs may be
the seeds for the BHs residing in the centers of a significant fraction of
galaxies today. We find that detachment of H- by Lyman alpha has the strongest
impact on the critical flux for the relatively high background radiation
temperatures expected to characterize the emission from young, hot stars in the
early Universe. This lends support to the DCBH origin of the highest redshift
quasars.


title: An Exploration of the Statistical Signatures of Stellar Feedback

abstract:
  All molecular clouds are observed to be turbulent, but the origin, means of
sustenance, and evolution of the turbulence remain debated. One possibility is
that stellar feedback injects enough energy into the cloud to drive observed
motions on parsec scales. Recent numerical studies of molecular clouds have
found that feedback from stars, such as protostellar outflows and winds,
injects energy and impacts turbulence. We expand upon these studies by
analyzing magnetohydrodynamic simulations of molecular clouds, including
stellar winds, with a range of stellar mass-loss rates and magnetic field
strengths. We generate synthetic $^{12}$CO(1-0) maps assuming that the
simulations are at the distance of the nearby Perseus molecular cloud. By
comparing the outputs from different initial conditions and evolutionary times,
we identify differences in the synthetic observations and characterize these
using common astrostatistics. We quantify the different statistical responses
using a variety of metrics proposed in the literature. We find that multiple
astrostatistics, including principal component analysis, the spectral
correlation function and the velocity coordinate spectrum, are sensitive to
changes in stellar mass-loss rates and/or time evolution. A few statistics,
including the Cramer statistic and velocity coordinate spectrum, are sensitive
to the magnetic field strength. These findings demonstrate that stellar
feedback influences molecular cloud turbulence and can be identified and
quantified observationally using such statistics.


title:
Electrical and thermal transport in the quasi-atomic limit of coupled
  Luttinger liquids

abstract:
  We introduce a new model for quasi one-dimensional materials, motivated by
intriguing but not yet well-understood experiments that have shown
two-dimensional polymer films to be promising materials for thermoelectric
devices. We consider a two-dimensional material consisting of many
one-dimensional systems, each treated as a Luttinger liquid, with weak
(incoherent) coupling between them. This approximation of strong interactions
within each one-dimensional chain and weak coupling between them is the
"quasi-atomic limit." We find integral expressions for the (interchain)
transport coefficients, including the electrical and thermal conductivities and
the thermopower, and we extract their power law dependencies on temperature.
Luttinger liquid physics is manifested in a violation of the Wiedemann-Franz
law; the Lorenz number is larger than the Fermi liquid value by a factor
between $\gamma^2$ and $\gamma^4$, where $\gamma\geq 1$ is a measure of the
electron-electron interaction strength in the system.


title: Preserving Randomness for Adaptive Algorithms

abstract:
  Suppose $\mathsf{Est}$ is a randomized estimation algorithm that uses $n$
random bits and outputs values in $\mathbb{R}^d$. We show how to execute
$\mathsf{Est}$ on $k$ adaptively chosen inputs using only $n + O(k \log(d +
1))$ random bits instead of the trivial $nk$ (at the cost of mild increases in
the error and failure probability). Our algorithm combines a variant of the INW
pseudorandom generator (STOC '94) with a new scheme for shifting and rounding
the outputs of $\mathsf{Est}$. We prove that modifying the outputs of
$\mathsf{Est}$ is necessary in this setting, and furthermore, our algorithm's
randomness complexity is near-optimal in the case $d \leq O(1)$. As an
application, we give a randomness-efficient version of the Goldreich-Levin
algorithm; our algorithm finds all Fourier coefficients with absolute value at
least $\theta$ of a function $F: \{0, 1\}^n \to \{-1, 1\}$ using $O(n \log n)
\cdot \text{poly}(1/\theta)$ queries to $F$ and $O(n)$ random bits (independent
of $\theta$), improving previous work by Bshouty et al. (JCSS '04).


title: Flavor from the double tetrahedral group without supersymmetry

abstract:
  We consider a class of flavor models proposed by Aranda, Carone and Lebed,
relaxing the assumption of supersymmetry and allowing the flavor scale to float
anywhere between the weak and Planck scales. We perform global fits to the
charged fermion masses and CKM angles, and consider the dependence of the
results on the unknown mass scale of the flavor sector. We find that the
typical Yukawa textures in these models provide a good description of the data
over a wide range of flavor scales, with a preference for those that approach
the lower bounds allowed by flavor-changing-neutral-current constraints.
Nevertheless, the possibility that the flavor scale and Planck scale are
identified remains viable. We present models that demonstrate how the assumed
textures can arise most simply in a non-supersymmetric framework.


title: The Geometry of Small Causal Cones

abstract:
  We derive a formula for the spacetime volume of a small causal cone. We use
this formula within the context of causal set theory to construct causal set
expressions for certain geometric quantities relating to a spacetime with a
spacelike hypersurface. We also consider a scalar field on the causal set, and
obtain causal set expressions relating to its normal derivatives with respect
to the hypersurface.


title: Quasi-Normal Modes from Non-Commutative Matrix Dynamics

abstract:
  We explore the connection between the process of relaxation in the BMN matrix
model and the physics of black holes in AdS/CFT. Focusing on Dyson-fluid
solutions of the matrix model, we perform numerical simulations of the real
time dynamics of the system. By quenching the equilibrium distribution we study
the quasi-normal oscillations of scalar single trace observables, we isolate
the lowest quasi-normal mode, and we determine its frequencies as function of
the energy. Considering the BMN matrix model as a truncation of $\mathcal{N}=4$
SYM, we also compute the frequencies of the quasi-normal modes of the dual
scalar fields in the AdS$_5$-Schwarzschild background. We compare the results,
and we find a surprising similarity.


title:
On WZ and RR Couplings of BPS Branes and their all order $\alpha'$
  Corrections in IIB, IIA

abstract:
  We compute all three and four point couplings of BPS $D_{p}$-branes for all
different nonzero $p$-values on the entire world volume and transverse
directions. We start finding out all four point function supersymmetric
Wess-Zumino (WZ) actions of one closed string Ramond-Ramond (RR) field with two
fermions, either with the same (IIB) or different chirality (IIA) as well as
their all order $\alpha'$ corrections. The closed form of S-matrices of two
closed string RR in both IIB, IIA, including their all order $\alpha'$
corrections have also been addressed. Our results confirm that, not only the
structures of $\alpha'$ corrections but also their coefficients of IIB are
quite different from their IIA ones.
  The S-matrix of an RR and two gauge (scalar) fields and their all order
corrections in antisymmetric picture of RR have been carried out as well.
Various remarks on the restricted Bianchi identities as well as all order
$\alpha'$ corrections to all different supersymmetric WZ couplings in both type
IIA and IIB superstring theory are also released. Lastly, different singularity
structures as well as all order contact terms for all non-vanishing traces in
type II have also been constructed.


title: Electroweak Splitting Functions and High Energy Showering

abstract:
  We derive the electroweak (EW) collinear splitting functions for the Standard
Model, including the massive fermions, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson. We
first present the splitting functions in the limit of unbroken SU(2)xU(1) and
discuss their general features in the collinear and soft-collinear regimes. We
then systematically incorporate EW symmetry breaking (EWSB), which leads to the
emergence of additional "ultra-collinear" splitting phenomena and naive
violations of the Goldstone-boson Equivalence Theorem. We suggest a
particularly convenient choice of non-covariant gauge (dubbed "Goldstone
Equivalence Gauge") that disentangles the effects of Goldstone bosons and gauge
fields in the presence of EWSB, and allows trivial book-keeping of leading
power corrections in the VEV. We implement a comprehensive, practical EW
showering scheme based on these splitting functions using a Sudakov evolution
formalism. Novel features in the implementation include a complete accounting
of ultra-collinear effects, matching between shower and decay, kinematic
back-reaction corrections in multi-stage showers, and mixed-state evolution of
neutral bosons (gamma/Z/h) using density-matrices. We employ the EW showering
formalism to study a number of important physical processes at O(1-10 TeV)
energies. They include (a) electroweak partons in the initial state as the
basis for vector-boson-fusion; (b) the emergence of "weak jets" such as those
initiated by transverse gauge bosons, with individual splitting probabilities
as large as O(30%); (c) EW showers initiated by top quarks, including Higgs
bosons in the final state; (d) the occurrence of O(1) interference effects
within EW showers involving the neutral bosons; and (e) EW corrections to new
physics processes, as illustrated by production of a heavy vector boson (W')
and the subsequent showering of its decay products.


title: Finite groups of birational selfmaps of threefolds

abstract:
  We determine three-dimensional algebraic varieties whose groups of birational
selfmaps do not satisfy the Jordan property.


title: Astronomical Catalogs for Locating Gravitational-wave Events

abstract:
  Gravitational wave transients are caused by some of the most energetic events
in the Universe, and a precise location would allow deep examination of the
counterpart by electromagnetic waves (telescopes collecting light), the
combination of GW and EM resulting in very much improved science return
(multi-messenger Astronomy). Since the GW detectors do not provide good
localization on the sky, the faint counterpart will be very difficult to find.
One strategy to help the search is to look first where mass is concentrated and
thus the prior probability of GW events is highest. In the first part of this
paper, we present methods used to estimate stellar masses and metallicities of
galaxies and galaxy clusters in different catalogs. In the second part of the
paper, we test our estimation accuracy by comparing our results with stellar
masses given in Stripe 82 Massive Galaxy Catalogue (S82-MGC). The relation
between stellar mass we found and that from S82-MGC is provided for GWGC,
2MASS-GLADE, and WISExSCOS catalog in the last part of the paper. Our results
are used in an interactive web-based tool (Skymap Viewer) for astronomers to
decide where to look first in EM follow-up observations of GW events in the
future.


title:
Predicting Domain Generation Algorithms with Long Short-Term Memory
  Networks

abstract:
  Various families of malware use domain generation algorithms (DGAs) to
generate a large number of pseudo-random domain names to connect to a command
and control (C&C) server. In order to block DGA C&C traffic, security
organizations must first discover the algorithm by reverse engineering malware
samples, then generating a list of domains for a given seed. The domains are
then either preregistered or published in a DNS blacklist. This process is not
only tedious, but can be readily circumvented by malware authors using a large
number of seeds in algorithms with multivariate recurrence properties (e.g.,
banjori) or by using a dynamic list of seeds (e.g., bedep). Another technique
to stop malware from using DGAs is to intercept DNS queries on a network and
predict whether domains are DGA generated. Such a technique will alert network
administrators to the presence of malware on their networks. In addition, if
the predictor can also accurately predict the family of DGAs, then network
administrators can also be alerted to the type of malware that is on their
networks. This paper presents a DGA classifier that leverages long short-term
memory (LSTM) networks to predict DGAs and their respective families without
the need for a priori feature extraction. Results are significantly better than
state-of-the-art techniques, providing 0.9993 area under the receiver operating
characteristic curve for binary classification and a micro-averaged F1 score of
0.9906. In other terms, the LSTM technique can provide a 90% detection rate
with a 1:10000 false positive (FP) rate---a twenty times FP improvement over
comparable methods. Experiments in this paper are run on open datasets and code
snippets are provided to reproduce the results.


title:
Gravity can significantly modify classical and quantum Poincare
  recurrence theorems

abstract:
  Poincare recurrence theorem states that any finite system will come arbitrary
close to its initial state after some very long but finite time. At the
statistical level, this by itself does not represent a paradox, but apparently
violates the second law of thermodynamics, which may lead to some confusing
conclusions for macroscopic systems. However, this statement does not take
gravity into account. If two particles with a given center of mass energy come
at the distance shorter than the Schwarzschild diameter apart, according to
classical gravity they will form a black hole. In the classical case, a black
hole once formed will always grow and effectively quench the Poincare
recurrence. We derive the condition under which the classical black hole
production rate is higher than the classical Poincare recurrence rate. In the
quantum case, if the temperature of the black hole is lower than the
temperature of the surrounding gas, such a black hole cannot disappear via
Hawking evaporation. We derive the condition which gives us a critical
temperature above which the black hole production is faster than quantum
Poincare recurrence time. However, in quantum case, the quantum Poincare
recurrence theorem can be applied to the black hole states too. The presence of
the black hole can make the recurrence time longer or shorter, depending on
whether the presence of the black hole increases or decreases the total
entropy. We derive the temperature below which the produced black hole
increases the entropy of the whole system (gas particles plus a black hole).
Finally, if evolution of the system is fast enough, then newly formed black
holes will merge and accrete particles until one large black hole dominates the
system. We give the temperature above which the presence of black holes
increase the entropy of the whole system and prolongs the Poincare recurrence
time.


title:
Why static bound-state calculations of tetraquarks should be met with
  scepticism

abstract:
  Recent experimental signals have led to a revival of tetraquarks, the
hypothetical $q^2\bar{q}^2$ hadronic states proposed by Jaffe in 1976 to
explain the light scalar mesons. Mesonic structures with exotic quantum numbers
have indeed been observed recently, though a controversy persists whether these
are true resonances and not merely kinematical threshold enhancements, or
otherwise states not of a true $q^2\bar{q}^2$ nature. Moreover, puzzling
non-exotic mesons are also often claimed to have a tetraquark configuration.
However, the corresponding model calculations are practically always carried
out in pure and static bound-state approaches, ignoring completely the coupling
to asymptotic two-meson states and unitarity, especially the dynamical effects
thereof. In this short paper we argue that such static predictions of real
tetraquark masses are highly unreliable and provide little evidence of the very
existence of such states.


title:
The Galaxy Kinematics from OB Stars with Proper Motions from the Gaia
  DR1 Catalog

abstract:
  We consider two previously studied samples of OB stars with different
distance scales. The first one consists of 98 massive spectroscopic binary
stars with photometric distances, and the second one consists on 140 OB stars
with the distances determined along the lines of interstellar calcium. The OB
stars are located at distances up to 7 kpc from the Sun. They are identified
with the Gaia DR1 catalog. It is shown that the use of the proper motions,
taken from the Gaia DR1 catalog, allows to reduce random errors of
determination of the Galactic rotation parameters in comparison with the
previously known ones. From the analysis of 208 OB stars from the Gaia DR1
catalog with proper motions and parallaxes with relative errors less than 200%
we found the Galactic kinematic parameters. In addition the Galactic rotation
parameters were obtained from only line-of-sight velocities of the same stars.
From the comparison of the two values of \Omega^{'}_0 a distance scale of the
Gaia DR1 catalog was determined as a value close to unit, namely 0.96. From 238
OB-stars of the united sample with photometric distances for stars of the first
sample and distances in the calcium scale for stars of the second sample,
line-of-sight velocities and proper motions from the Gaia DR1 catalog, were
found the following kinematic parameters:
(U,V,W)_\odot=(8.19,9.28,8.79)+/-(0.74,0.92,0.74) km/s, \Omega_0=31.53+/-0.54
km/s/kpc, \Omega^{'}_0=-4.44+/-0.12 km/s/kpc^2, \Omega^{"}_0=0.706+/-0.100
km/s/kpc^3, here Oort constants: A=-17.77+/-0.46 km/s/kpc, B=13.76+/-0.71
km/s/kpc and V_0=252+/-8 km/s.


title:
Quark and gluon form factors to four loop order in QCD: the $N_f^3$
  contributions

abstract:
  We calculate the four-loop massless QCD corrections with three closed quark
lines to quark and gluon form factors. We apply a novel integration by parts
algorithm based on modular arithmetic and compute all relevant master integrals
for arbitrary values of the space-time dimension. This is the first calculation
of a gluon form factor at this perturbative order in QCD.


title: Topological Quantum Liquids with Long-Range Couplings

abstract:
  Very few topological systems with long-range couplings have been considered
so far due to our lack of analytic approaches. Here we extend the Kitaev chain,
a 1D quantum liquid, to infinite-range couplings and study its topological
properties. We demonstrate that, even though topological phases are intimately
linked to the notion of locality, the infinite-range couplings give rise to
topological zero and non-zero energy Majorana end modes depending on the
boundary conditions of the system. We show that the analytically derived
properties are to a large degree stable against modifications to decaying
long-range couplings. Our work opens new frontiers for topological states of
matter that are relevant to current experiments where suitable interactions can
be designed.


title: Steady-state superradiance with Rydberg polaritons

abstract:
  A steady-state superradiant laser can be used to generate
ultranarrow-linewidth light, and thus has important applications in the fields
of quantum information and precision metrology. However, the light produced by
such a laser is still essentially classical. Here, we show that the
introduction of a Rydberg medium into a cavity containing atoms with a narrow
optical transition can lead to the steady-state superradiant emission of
ultranarrow-linewidth $nonclassical$ light. The cavity nonlinearity induced by
the Rydberg medium strongly modifies the superradiance threshold, and leads to
a Mollow triplet in the cavity output spectrum$-$this behavior can be
understood as an unusual analogue of resonance fluorescence. The cavity output
spectrum has an extremely sharp central peak, with a linewidth that can be far
narrower than that of a classical superradiant laser. This unprecedented
spectral sharpness, together with the nonclassical nature of the light, could
lead to new applications in which spectrally pure $quantum$ light is desired.


title: Cross-validation based Nonlinear Shrinkage

abstract:
  Many machine learning algorithms require precise estimates of covariance
matrices. The sample covariance matrix performs poorly in high-dimensional
settings, which has stimulated the development of alternative methods, the
majority based on factor models and shrinkage. Recent work of Ledoit and Wolf
has extended the shrinkage framework to Nonlinear Shrinkage (NLS), a more
powerful covariance estimator based on Random Matrix Theory.
  Our contribution shows that, contrary to claims in the literature,
cross-validation based covariance matrix estimation (CVC) yields comparable
performance at strongly reduced complexity and runtime. On two real world data
sets, we show that the CVC estimator yields superior results than competing
shrinkage and factor based methods.


title:
Source clustering in the Hi-GAL survey determined using a minimum
  spanning tree method

abstract:
  The aims are to investigate the clustering of the far-infrared sources from
the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey (Hi-GAL) in the Galactic longitude
range of -71 to 67 deg. These clumps, and their spatial distribution, are an
imprint of the original conditions within a molecular cloud. This will produce
a catalogue of over-densities. The minimum spanning tree (MST) method was used
to identify the over-densities in two dimensions. The catalogue was further
refined by folding in heliocentric distances, resulting in more reliable
over-densities, which are cluster candidates. We found 1,633 over-densities
with more than ten members. Of these, 496 are defined as cluster candidates
because of the reliability of the distances, with a further 1,137 potential
cluster candidates. The spatial distributions of the cluster candidates are
different in the first and fourth quadrants, with all clusters following the
spiral structure of the Milky Way. The cluster candidates are fractal. The
clump mass functions of the clustered and isolated are statistically
indistinguishable from each other and are consistent with Kroupa's initial mass
function.


title:
Temporal Matrix Completion with Locally Linear Latent Factors for
  Medical Applications

abstract:
  Regular medical records are useful for medical practitioners to analyze and
monitor patient health status especially for those with chronic disease, but
such records are usually incomplete due to unpunctuality and absence of
patients. In order to resolve the missing data problem over time, tensor-based
model is suggested for missing data imputation in recent papers because this
approach makes use of low rank tensor assumption for highly correlated data.
However, when the time intervals between records are long, the data correlation
is not high along temporal direction and such assumption is not valid. To
address this problem, we propose to decompose a matrix with missing data into
its latent factors. Then, the locally linear constraint is imposed on these
factors for matrix completion in this paper. By using a publicly available
dataset and two medical datasets collected from hospital, experimental results
show that the proposed algorithm achieves the best performance by comparing
with the existing methods.


title:
A FOFE-based Local Detection Approach for Named Entity Recognition and
  Mention Detection

abstract:
  In this paper, we study a novel approach for named entity recognition (NER)
and mention detection in natural language processing. Instead of treating NER
as a sequence labelling problem, we propose a new local detection approach,
which rely on the recent fixed-size ordinally forgetting encoding (FOFE) method
to fully encode each sentence fragment and its left/right contexts into a
fixed-size representation. Afterwards, a simple feedforward neural network is
used to reject or predict entity label for each individual fragment. The
proposed method has been evaluated in several popular NER and mention detection
tasks, including the CoNLL 2003 NER task and TAC-KBP2015 and TAC-KBP2016
Tri-lingual Entity Discovery and Linking (EDL) tasks. Our methods have yielded
pretty strong performance in all of these examined tasks. This local detection
approach has shown many advantages over the traditional sequence labelling
methods.


title:
Calculated WIMP signals at the ANDES laboratory: comparison with
  northern and southern located dark matter detectors

abstract:
  Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) are possible components of the
Universe's Dark Matter. The detection of WIMP is signalled by the recoil of the
atomic nuclei which form a detector. CoGeNT at the Soudan Underground
Laboratory (SUL) and DAMA at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS)
have reported data on annual modulation of signals attributed to WIMP. Both
experiments are located in laboratories of the northern hemisphere. Dark matter
detectors are planned to operate (or already operate) in laboratories of the
southern hemisphere, like SABRE at Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory
(SUPL) in Australia, and DM-ICE in the South Pole. In this work we have
analysed the dependence of diurnal and annual modulation of signals, pertaining
to the detection of WIMP, on the coordinates of the laboratory, for experiments
which may be performed in the planned new underground facility ANDES (Agua
Negra Deep Experimental Site), to be built in San Juan, Argentina. We made
predictions for NaI and Ge-type detectors placed in ANDES, to compare with
DAMA, CoGeNT, SABRE and DM-ICE arrays, and found that the diurnal modulation of
the signals, at the site of ANDES, is amplified at its maximum value, both for
NaI (Ge)-type detectors, while the annual modulation remains unaffected by the
change in coordinates from north to south.


title:
Irradiation induced effects in the FE-I4 front-end chip of the ATLAS IBL
  detector

abstract:
  The ATLAS Insertable B-Layer (IBL) detector was installed into the ATLAS
experiment in 2014 and has been in operation since 2015. During the first year
of IBL data taking an increase of the low voltage currents associated with the
FE-I4 front-end chip was observed and this increase was traced back to the
radiation damage in the chip. The dependence of the current on the
total-ionising dose and temperature has been tested with X-ray and proton
irradiations and will be presented in this paper together with the detector
operation guidelines.


title: The last refuge of mixed wino-Higgsino dark matter

abstract:
  We delineate the allowed parameter and mass range for a wino-like dark matter
particle containing some Higgsino admixture in the MSSM by analysing the
constraints from diffuse gamma-rays from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies,
galactic cosmic rays, direct detection and cosmic microwave background
anisotropies. A complete calculation of the Sommerfeld effect for the
mixed-neutralino case is performed. We find that the combination of direct and
indirect searches poses significant restrictions on the thermally produced
wino-Higgsino dark matter with correct relic density. For $\mu>0$ nearly the
entire parameter space considered is excluded, while for $\mu<0$ a substantial
region is still allowed, provided conservative assumptions on astrophysical
uncertainties are adopted.


title:
High harmonic generation from bulk diamond driven by intense femtosecond
  laser pulse

abstract:
  We present theoretical results on the high-harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk
diamond induced by intense laser pulse of wavelength 800 nm and duration 15 fs.
For laser intensity in the range $1 \le I \le 50 $ TW/cm$^2$ above bandgap
harmonics are generated after the pulse peak. We find that the intensity of
individual harmonics increases non-linearly with the peak laser intensity,
following a non-perturbative trend. For moderate intensity the HHG spectrum
exhibits a primary plateau with noisy odd order harmonic structure and a
cutoff. For increased laser intensity a secondary plateau emerges with
quasi-continuous spectrum of harmonics extending beyond the 50th order.
Consistently with experimental observations, we find that the cutoff energy for
HHG scales linearly with the peak field strength and derivation of the cutoff
law is provided.


title:
Dynamics of a buoyant plume in a linearly stratified environment using
  simultaneous PIV-PLIF measurements

abstract:
  The presence of stratified layer in atmosphere and ocean leads to buoyant
vertical motions, commonly referred to as plumes. It is important to study the
mixing dynamics of a plume at a local scale in order to model their evolution
and growth. Such a characterization requires measuring the velocity and density
of the mixing fluids simultaneously. Here, we present the results of a buoyant
plume propagating in a linearly stratified medium with a density difference of
0.5%, thus yielding a buoyancy frequency of N=0.15 s^{-1}. To understand the
plume behaviour, statistics such as centerline and axial velocities along
varying downstream locations, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, and
buoyancy flux were measured. The centerline velocity was found to decrease with
increase in height. The Reynolds stress and buoyancy flux profiles showed the
presence of a unstable layer and the mixing associated within that layer.


title:
Convection in rotating flows with simultaneous imposition of radial and
  vertical temperature gradients

abstract:
  Laboratory experiments were conducted to study heat transport characteristics
in a nonhomogeneously heated fluid annulus subjected to rotation along the
vertical axis (z). The nonhomogeneous heating was obtained by imposing radial
and vertical temperature gradient ({\Delta}T). The parameter range for this
study was Rayleigh number, Ra=2.43x10^8-3.66x10^8, and Taylor number,
Ta=6.45x10^8-27x10^8. The working fluid was water with a Prandtl number, Pr=7.
Heat transport was measured for varying rotation rates ({\Omega}) for fixed
values of {\Delta}T. The Nusselt number, Nu, plotted as a function of Ta
distinctly showed the effect of rotation on heat transport. In general, Nu was
found to have a larger value for non-rotating convection. This could mean an
interplay of columnar plumes and baroclinic wave in our system as also evident
from temperature measurements. Laser based imaging at a single vertical plane
also showed evidence of such flow structure.


title: Inflation from periodic extra dimensions

abstract:
  We discuss a realization of a small field inflation based on string inspired
supergravities. In theories accompanying extra dimensions, compactification of
them with small radii is required for realistic situations. Since the extra
dimension can have a periodicity, there will appear (quasi-)periodic functions
under transformations of moduli of the extra dimensions in low energy scales.
Such a periodic property can lead to a UV completion of so-called multi-natural
inflation model where inflaton potential consists of a sum of multiple
sinusoidal functions with a decay constant smaller than the Planck scale. As an
illustration, we construct a SUSY breaking model, and then show that such an
inflaton potential can be generated by a sum of world sheet instantons in
intersecting brane models on extra dimensions containing $T^2/{\mathbb Z}_2$
orbifold. We show also predictions of cosmic observables by numerical analyzes.


title: On Horizonless Temperature with an Accelerating Mirror

abstract:
  A new solution of a unitary moving mirror is found to produce finite energy
and emit thermal radiation despite the absence of an acceleration horizon. In
the limit that the mirror approaches the speed of light, the model corresponds
to a black hole formed from the collapse of a null shell. For speeds less than
light, the black hole correspondence, if it exists, is that of a remnant.


title:
Exact Solutions of Effective-Mass Dirac-Pauli Equation with an
  Electromagnetic Field

abstract:
  The exact bound state solutions of the Dirac-Pauli equation are studied for
an appropriate position-dependent mass function by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov
method. For a central electric field having a shifted inverse linear term, all
two kinds of solutions for bound states are obtained in closed forms.


title:
Role of stochastic processes in particle charging due to photoeffect on
  the Moon

abstract:
  Neglecting the effects associated with the solar wind plasma, the
photoelectrons are the only elementary particles which create an electrical
current through sunlit surface of the moon. They are knocked off of the surface
soil, rise above the surface, and then fall back. Therefore, on average, on any
unit of surface area there is a positive charge, equal in magnitude to the
charge of photoelectrons flying over this area. However, the charge of any
small dust particle can strongly fluctuate discretely: a photoelectron can be
either knocked off of the or be reacquired by the particle. The result is a
"random walk" in sign and magnitude of the charge of grains. In a few minutes
after sunrise, almost every dust particle on the surface has at least one extra
or missing electron, and the average modulus of the charge accumulated on a
particle is proportional to the square root of the number of "steps" (knocking
off /returns of photoelectrons). Therefore, the average value of the modulus of
the charge of a fine dust particle exceeds by several orders of magnitude the
proportion of the average surface charge attributable to the particle. So dust
particles that have ejected a sufficient number of photoelectrons can take off
from the surface because of the electric field of the near surface charge
double layer. It is shown that: (i) almost half of all dust particles on the
illuminated lunar surface are missing at least one electron; (ii) a significant
portion of particles up to 100 nm in size emits several photoelectrons and
acquire a positive charge, sufficient to take off from the surface; (iii) above
the surface there is a "boiling layer" of dust with a maximum thickness of
several hundred meters where the average size of the particles and their
density non-monotonically depend on the altitude.


title:
Leveraging tagging and rating for recommendation: RMF meets weighted
  diffusion on tripartite graphs

abstract:
  Recommender systems (RSs) have been a widely exploited approach to solving
the information overload problem. However, the performance is still limited due
to the extreme sparsity of the rating data. With the popularity of Web 2.0, the
social tagging system provides more external information to improve
recommendation accuracy. Although some existing approaches combine the matrix
factorization models with co-occurrence properties and context of tags, they
neglect the issue of tag sparsity without the commonly associated tags problem
that would also result in inaccurate recommendations. Consequently, in this
paper, we propose a novel hybrid collaborative filtering model named
WUDiff_RMF, which improves Regularized Matrix Factorization (RMF) model by
integrating Weighted User-Diffusion-based CF algorithm(WUDiff) that obtains the
information of similar users from the weighted tripartite user-item-tag graph.
This model aims to capture the degree correlation of the user-item-tag
tripartite network to enhance the performance of recommendation. Experiments
conducted on four real-world datasets demonstrate that our approach
significantly performs better than already widely used methods in the accuracy
of recommendation. Moreover, results show that WUDiff_RMF can alleviate the
data sparsity, especially in the circumstance that users have made few ratings
and few tags.


title: Asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators on finite-dimensional spaces

abstract:
  In this paper we consider asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators acting
between two finite-dimensional model spaces. We compute the dimension of the
space of all such operators. We also describe the matrix representations of
asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators acting between two finite-dimensional
model spaces. Our results are generalizations of the results known for
truncated Toeplitz operators.