title:
Interaction Between HII Region and AFGL333-Ridge: Implications to the
  Star Formation Scenario

abstract:
  We investigated the star formation activities in the AFGL333 region, which is
in the vicinity of the W4 expanding bubble, by conducting NH3 (1,1), (2,2), and
(3,3) mapping observations with the 45 m Nobeyama Radio Telescope at an angular
resolution of 75". The morphology of the NH3 (1,1) map shows a bow-shape
structure with the size of 2.0 x 0.6 pc as seen in the dust continuum. At the
interface between the W4 bubble and the dense NH3 cloud, the compact HII region
G134.2+0.8, associated with IRAS02245+6115, is located. Interestingly, just
north and south of G134.2+0.8 we found NH3 emission exhibiting large velocity
widths of ~ 2.8 km/s, compared to 1.8 km/s at the other positions. As the
possibility of mechanical energy injection through the activity of YSO(s) is
low, we considered the origin of the large turbulent gas motion as indication
of interaction between the compact HII region and the periphery of the dense
molecular cloud. We also found expanding motion of the CO emission associated
with G134.2+0.8. The overall structure of the AFGL333-Ridge might have been
formed by the expanding bubble of W4. However, the small velocity widths
observed west of IRAS02245+6115, around the center of the dense molecular
cloud, suggest that interaction with the compact HII region is limited.
Therefore the YSOs (dominantly Class 0/I) in the core of the AFGL333-Ridge
dense molecular cloud most likely formed in quiescent mode. As has been
previously suggested for the large scale star formation in the W3 giant
molecular cloud, our results show an apparent coexistence of induced and
quiescent star formation in this region. It appears that star formation in the
AFGL333 region has proceeded without significant external triggers, but
accompanying stellar feedback environment.


title: Optimal Test Sets for Context-Free Languages

abstract:
  A test set for a formal language (set of strings) L is a subset T of L such
that for any two string homomorphisms f and g defined on L, if the restrictions
of f and g on T are identical functions, then f and g are identical on the
entire L. Previously, it was shown that there are context-free grammars for
which smallest test sets are cubic in the size of the grammar, which gives a
lower bound on tests set size. Existing upper bounds were higher degree
polynomials; we here give the first algorithm to compute test sets of cubic
size for all context-free grammars, settling the gap between the upper and
lower bound.


title: The quantitative Faber-Krahn inequality for the Robin Laplacian

abstract:
  We prove a quantitative Faber-Krahn inequality for the first eigenvalue of
the Laplace operator with Robin boundary conditions. The asymmetry term
involves the square power of the Fraenkel asymmetry, multiplied by a constant
depending on the Robin parameter, the dimension of the space and the measure of
the set.


title:
A high fraction of Be stars in young massive clusters: evidence for a
  large population of near-critically rotating stars

abstract:
  Recent photometric analysis of the colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of young
massive clusters (YMCs) have found evidence for splitting in the main sequence
and extended main sequence turn-offs, both of which have been suggested to be
caused by stellar rotation. Comparison of the observed main sequence splitting
with models has led various authors to suggest a rather extreme stellar
rotation distribution, with a minority ($10-30$\%) of stars with low rotational
velocities and the remainder ($70-90$\%) of stars rotating near the critical
rotation (i.e., near break-up). We test this hypothesis by searching for Be
stars within two YMCs in the LMC (NGC 1850 and NGC 1856), which are thought to
be critically rotating stars with decretion disks that are (partially) ionised
by their host stars. In both clusters we detect large populations of Be stars
at the main sequence turn-off ($\sim30-60$\% of stars), which supports previous
suggestions of large populations of rapidly rotating stars within massive
clusters.


title: Relativistic surface-plasmon enhanced harmonic generation from gratings

abstract:
  The role of relativistic surface plasmons (SPs) in high order harmonic
emission from laser-irradiated grating targets has been investigated by means
of particle-in-cell simulations. SP excitation drives a strong enhancement of
the intensity of harmonics, particularly in the direction close to the surface
tangent. The SP-driven enhancement overlaps with the angular separation of
harmonics generated by the grating, which is beneficial for applications
requiring monochromatic XUV pulses.


title:
Semi-global approach for propagation of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger
  equation for time-dependent and nonlinear problems

abstract:
  A detailed exposition of highly efficient and accurate method for the
propagation of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation is presented. The
method is readily generalized to solve an arbitrary set of ODE's. The
propagation is based on a global approach, in which large time-intervals are
treated as a whole, replacing the local considerations of the common
propagators. The new method is suitable for various classes of problems,
including problems with a time-dependent Hamiltonian, nonlinear problems,
non-Hermitian problems and problems with an inhomogeneous source term. In this
paper, a thorough presentation of the basic principles of the propagator is
given. We give also a special emphasis on the details of the numerical
implementation of the method. For the first time, we present the application
for a non-Hermitian problem by a numerical example of a one-dimensional atom
under the influence of an intense laser field. The efficiency of the method is
demonstrated by a comparison with the common Runge-Kutta approach.


title: Smoothing of weights in the Bernstein approximation problem

abstract:
  In 1924 S.Bernstein asked for conditions on a uniformly bounded on
$\mathbb{R}$ Borel function (weight) $w: \mathbb{R} \to [0, +\infty )$ which
imply the denseness of algebraic polynomials ${\mathcal{P} }$ in the seminormed
space $ C^{0}_{w} $ defined as the linear set $ \{f \in C (\mathbb{R}) \ | \ w
(x) f (x) \to 0 \ \mbox{as} \ {|x| \to +\infty}\}$ equipped with the seminorm
$\|f\|_{w} := \sup_{x \in {\mathbb{R}}} w(x)| f( x )|$. In 1998 A.Borichev and
M.Sodin completely solved this problem for all those weights $w$ for which
${\mathcal{P} }$ is dense in $ C^{0}_{w} $ but there exists a positive integer
$n=n(w)$ such that $\mathcal{P}$ is not dense in $ C^{0}_{(1+x^{2})^{n} w}$. In
the present paper we establish that if $\mathcal{P}$ is dense in $
C^{0}_{(1+x^{2})^{n} w}$ for all $n \geq 0$ then for arbitrary $\varepsilon >
0$ there exists a weight $W_{\varepsilon} \in C^{\infty} (\mathbb{R})$ such
that ${\mathcal{P}}$ is dense in $C^{\,0}_{(1+x^{2})^{n} W_{\varepsilon}}$ for
every $n \geq 0$ and $W_{\varepsilon} (x) \geq w (x) + \mathrm{e}^{-
\varepsilon |x|}$ for all $x\in \mathbb{R}$.


title:
Bifurcation for the constant scalar curvature equation and harmonic
  Riemannian submersions

abstract:
  We study bifurcation for the constant scalar curvature equation along a
one-parameter family of Riemannian metrics on the total space of a harmonic
Riemannian submersion. We provide an existence theorem for bifurcation points
and a criterion to see that the conformal factors corresponding to the
bifurcated metrics must be indeed constant along the fibers. In the case of the
canonical variation of a Riemannian submersion with totally geodesic fibers, we
characterize discreteness of the set of all degeneracy points along the family
and give a sufficient condition to guarantee that bifurcation necessarily
occurs at every point where the linearized equation has a nontrivial solution.
In the model case of quaternionic Hopf fibrations, we show that
symmetry-breaking bifurcation does not occur except at the round metric.


title:
Effect of surface hybridization on RKKY coupling in
  ferromagnet/topological insulator/ferromagnet trilayer system

abstract:
  We theoretically investigate the RKKY exchange coupling between two
ferromagnets (FM) separated by a thin topological insulator film (TI). We find
an unusual dependence of the RKKY exchange coupling on the TI thickness
($t_{TI}$). First, when $t_{TI}$ decreases, the coupling amplitude increases at
first and reaches its maximum value at some critical thickness, below which the
amplitude turns to diminish. This trend is attributed to the hybridization
between surfaces of the TI film, which opens a gap below critical thickness and
thus turns the surfaces into insulating state from semi-metal state. In
insulating phase, diamagnetism induced by the gap-opening compensates
paramagnetism of Dirac state, resulting in a diminishing magnetic
susceptibility and RKKY coupling. For typical parameters, the critical
thickness in Bi2Se3 thin film is estimated to be in the range of 3-5 nm.


title: The role of beam waist in Laguerre-Gauss expansion of vortex beam

abstract:
  Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes represent an orthonormal basis set of solutions of
the paraxial wave equation. LG are characterized by two integer parameters $n$
and $\ell$ that are related to the radial and azimuthal profile of the beam.
The physical dimension of the mode is instead determined by the beam waist
parameter $w_0$: only LG modes with the same $w_0$ satisfy the orthogonality
relation. Here, we derive the scalar product between two LG modes with
different beam waists and show how this result can be exploited to derive
different expansions of a generic beam in terms of LG modes. In particular, we
apply our results to the recently introduced Circular Beams, by deriving a
previously unknown expansion. We finally show how the waist parameter must be
chosen in order to optimize such expansion.


title:
Compute-and-Forward in Cell-Free Massive MIMO: Great Performance with
  Low Backhaul Load

abstract:
  In this paper, we consider the uplink of cell-free massive MIMO systems,
where a large number of distributed single antenna access points (APs) serve a
much smaller number of users simultaneously via limited backhaul. For the first
time, we investigate the performance of compute-and-forward (C&F) in such an
ultra dense network with a realistic channel model (including fading, pathloss
and shadowing). By utilising the characteristic of pathloss, a low complexity
coefficient selection algorithm for C\&F is proposed. We also give a greedy AP
selection method for message recovery. Additionally, we compare the performance
of C&F to some other promising linear strategies for distributed massive MIMO,
such as small cells (SC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC). Numerical results
reveal that C&F not only reduces the backhaul load, but also significantly
increases the system throughput for the symmetric scenario.


title: Is Gun Violence Contagious?

abstract:
  Existing theories of gun violence predict stable spatial concentrations and
contagious diffusion of gun violence into surrounding areas. Recent empirical
studies have reported confirmatory evidence of such spatiotemporal diffusion of
gun violence. However, existing tests cannot readily distinguish spatiotemporal
clustering from spatiotemporal diffusion. This leaves as an open question
whether gun violence actually is contagious or merely clusters in space and
time. Compounding this problem, gun violence is subject to considerable
measurement error with many nonfatal shootings going unreported to police.
Using point process data from an acoustical gunshot locator system and a
combination of Bayesian spatiotemporal point process modeling and space/time
interaction tests, this paper demonstrates that contemporary urban gun violence
does diffuse, but only slightly, suggesting that a disease model for infectious
spread of gun violence is a poor fit for the geographically stable and
temporally stochastic process observed.


title: On the Monotonicity of the Copula Entropy

abstract:
  Understanding the way in which random entities interact is of key interest in
numerous scientific fields. This can range from a full characterization of the
joint distribution to single scalar summary statistics. In this work we
identify a novel relationship between the ubiquitous Shannon's mutual
information measure and the central tool for capturing real-valued non-Gaussian
distributions, namely the framework of copulas. Specifically, we establish a
monotonic relationship between the mutual information and the copula dependence
parameter, for a wide range of copula families. In addition to the theoretical
novelty, our result gives rise to highly efficient proxy to the expected
likelihood, which in turn allows for scalable model selection (e.g. when
learning probabilistic graphical models).


title: Pitfalls in testing with linear regression model by OLS

abstract:
  This is a comment on Economic Letters DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2015.10.015. We show that due to some
methodological aspects the main conclusions of the above mentioned paper should
be a little bit altered.


title: The extraction of parameters from final state interactions

abstract:
  It is argued that final state enhancements in production reactions at large
momentum transfers, such as pp -> K^+ Lambda p, are primarily sensitive to the
position of a virtual bound state pole in the Lambda p system rather than the
Lambda p scattering length and effective range. These arguments are supported
by a study of the dispersion relation derived to describe such processes as a
function of the cut-off energy. This shows that the position of the virtual
bound state is independent of the cut-off energy.


title: Evidence for the rare decay $\Sigma^+ \to p \mu^+ \mu^-$ at LHCb

abstract:
  A search for the rare decay $\Sigma^+ \to p \mu^+ \mu^-$ is performed using
$pp$ collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies
$\sqrt{s} = 7$ and $8$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3
fb^{-1}$. An excess of events is observed with respect to the background
expectations with a signal significance of 4.0 standard deviations. No
significant structure is observed in the dimuon invariant mass distribution.


title: Evidence for Stable Square Ice from Quantum Monte Carlo

abstract:
  Recent experiments on ice formed by water under nanoconfinement provide
evidence for a two-dimensional (2D) `square ice' phase. However, the
interpretation of the experiments has been questioned and the stability of
square ice has become a matter of debate. Partially this is because the
simulation approaches employed so far (force fields and density functional
theory) struggle to accurately describe the very small energy differences
between the relevant phases. Here we report a study of 2D ice using an accurate
wave-function based electronic structure approach, namely Diffusion Monte Carlo
(DMC). We find that at relatively high pressure square ice is indeed the lowest
enthalpy phase examined, supporting the initial experimental claim. Moreover,
at lower pressures a `pentagonal ice' phase (not yet observed experimentally)
has the lowest enthalpy, and at ambient pressure the `pentagonal ice' phase is
degenerate with a `hexagonal ice' phase. Our DMC results also allow us to
evaluate the accuracy of various density functional theory exchange correlation
functionals and force field models, and in doing so we extend the understanding
of how such methodologies perform to challenging 2D structures presenting
dangling hydrogen bonds.


title:
Existence of bounded variation solutions for a $1-$Laplacian problem
  with vanishing potentials

abstract:
  In this work it is studied a quasilinear elliptic problem in the whole space
$\mathbb{R}^N$ involving the $1-$Laplacian operator, with potentials which can
vanish at infinity. The Euler-Lagrange functional is defined in a space whose
definition resembles $BV(\mathbb{R}^N)$ and, in order to avoid working with
extensions of it to some Lebesgue space, we state and prove a version of the
Mountain Pass Theorem without the Palais-Smale condition to Lipschitz
continuous functionals.


title: Thermalization of the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model in blackbody radiation

abstract:
  In a recent work, we have derived simple Lindblad-based equations for the
thermalization of systems in contact with a thermal reservoir. Here, we apply
these equations to the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model (LMG) in contact with a
blackbody radiation and analyze the dipole matrix elements involved in the
thermalization process. We find that the thermalization can be complete only if
the density is sufficiently high, while, in the limit of low density, the
system thermalizes partially, namely, within the Hilbert subspaces where the
total spin has a fixed value. In this regime, and in the isotropic case, we
evaluate the characteristic thermalization time analytically, and show that it
diverges with the system size in correspondence of the critical points and
inside the ferromagnetic region. Quite interestingly, at zero temperature the
thermalization time diverges only quadratically with the system size, whereas
quantum adiabatic algorithms, aimed at finding the ground state of same system,
imply a cubic divergence of the required adiabatic time.


title:
Multiple Right-Hand Side Techniques in Semi-Explicit Time Integration
  Methods for Transient Eddy Current Problems

abstract:
  The spatially discretized magnetic vector potential formulation of
magnetoquasistatic field problems is transformed from an infinitely stiff
differential algebraic equation system into a finitely stiff ordinary
differential equation (ODE) system by application of a generalized Schur
complement for nonconducting parts. The ODE can be integrated in time using
explicit time integration schemes, e.g. the explicit Euler method. This
requires the repeated evaluation of a pseudo-inverse of the discrete curl-curl
matrix in nonconducting material by the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG)
method which forms a multiple right-hand side problem. The subspace projection
extrapolation method and proper orthogonal decomposition are compared for the
computation of suitable start vectors in each time step for the PCG method
which reduce the number of iterations and the overall computational costs.


title:
False-Friend Detection and Entity Matching via Unsupervised
  Transliteration

abstract:
  Transliterations play an important role in multilingual entity reference
resolution, because proper names increasingly travel between languages in news
and social media. Previous work associated with machine translation targets
transliteration only single between language pairs, focuses on specific classes
of entities (such as cities and celebrities) and relies on manual curation,
which limits the expression power of transliteration in multilingual
environment.
  By contrast, we present an unsupervised transliteration model covering 69
major languages that can generate good transliterations for arbitrary strings
between any language pair. Our model yields top-(1, 20, 100) averages of
(32.85%, 60.44%, 83.20%) in matching gold standard transliteration compared to
results from a recently-published system of (26.71%, 50.27%, 72.79%). We also
show the quality of our model in detecting true and false friends from
Wikipedia high frequency lexicons. Our method indicates a strong signal of
pronunciation similarity and boosts the probability of finding true friends in
68 out of 69 languages.


title:
Full Bell locality of a noisy state for $N\geq 3$ nonlocally entangled
  qudits

abstract:
  Bounds, expressed in terms of d and N, on full Bell locality of a quantum
state for $N\geq 3$ nonlocally entangled qudits (of a dimension $d\geq 2$)
mixed with white noise are known, to our knowledge, only within full
separability of this noisy N-qudit state. For the maximal violation of general
Bell inequalities by an N-partite quantum state, we specify the analytical
upper bound expressed in terms of dilation characteristics of this state, and
this allows us to find new general bounds in $d, N$, valid for all $d\geq 2$
and all $N\geq 3$, on full Bell locality under generalized quantum measurements
of (i) the N-qudit GHZ state mixed with white noise and (ii) an arbitrary
N-qudit state mixed with white noise. The new full Bell locality bounds are
beyond the known ranges for full separability of these noisy N-qudit states.


title:
Log-concavity and Tur\'{a}n-type inequalities for the generalized
  hypergeometric function

abstract:
  The paper studies logarithmic convexity and concavity of the generalized
hypergeometric function with respect to simultaneous shift of several
parameters. We use integral representations and properties of Meijer's $G$
function to prove log-convexity. When all parameters are shifted we use series
manipulations to examine the power series coefficients of the generalized
Tur\'{a}nian formed by the generalized hypergeometric function. In cases when
all zeros of the generalized hypergeometric function are real, we further
explore the consequences of the extended Laguerre inequalities and formulate a
conjecture about reality of zeros.


title:
Multiple stellar populations in Magellanic Cloud clusters. V. The split
  main sequence of the young cluster NGC1866

abstract:
  One of the most unexpected results in the field of stellar populations of the
last few years, is the discovery that some Magellanic-Cloud globular clusters
younger than ~400 Myr, exhibit bimodal main sequences (MSs) in their
color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). Moreover, these young clusters host an
extended main sequence turn off (eMSTO) in close analogy with what is observed
in most ~1-2 Gyr old clusters of both Magellanic Clouds.
  We use high-precision Hubble-Space-Telescope photometry to study the young
star cluster NGC1866 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We discover an eMSTO and a
split MS. The analysis of the CMD reveals that (i) the blue MS is the less
populous one, hosting about one-third of the total number of MS stars; (ii)
red-MS stars are more centrally concentrated than blue-MS stars; (iii) the
fraction of blue-MS stars with respect to the total number of MS stars drops by
a factor of ~2 in the upper MS with F814W <~19.7.
  The comparison between the observed CMDs and stellar models reveals that the
observations are consistent with ~200 Myr old highly-rotating stars on the
red-MS, with rotation close to critical value, plus a non-rotating stellar
population spanning an age interval between ~140 and 220 Myr, on the blue-MS.
Noticeable, neither stellar populations with different ages only, nor coeval
stellar models with different rotation rates, properly reproduce the observed
split MS and eMSTO. We discuss these results in the context of the eMSTO and
multiple MS phenomenon.


title: On a Question of N. Th. Varopoulos and the constant $C_2(n)$

abstract:
  Let $\mathbb C_k[Z_1,\ldots, Z_n]$ denote the set of all polynomials of
degree at most $k$ in $n$ complex variables and $\mathscr{C}_n$ denote the set
of all $n$ - tuple $\boldsymbol T=(T_1,\ldots,T_n)$ of commuting contractions
on some Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}.$ The interesting inequality $$K_{G}^{\mathbb
C}\leq \lim_{n\to \infty}C_2(n)\leq 2 K^\mathbb C_G,$$ where
\[C_k(n)=\sup\big\{\|p(\boldsymbol T)\|:\|p\|_{\mathbb D^n,\infty}\leq 1, p\in
\mathbb C_k[Z_1,\ldots,Z_n],\boldsymbol T\in\mathscr{C}_n \big\}\] and
$K_{G}^{\mathbb C}$ is the complex Grothendieck constant, is due to Varopoulos.
We answer a long--standing question by showing that the limit
$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{C_2(n)}{K^\mathbb C_G}$ is strictly bigger than $1.$
Let $\mathbb C_2^s[Z_1,\ldots , Z_n]$ denote the set of all complex valued
homogeneous polynomials $p(z_1,\ldots,z_n)$ $=\sum_{j,k=1}^{n}a_{jk}z_jz_k$ of
degree two in $n$ - variables, where $(\!(a_{jk})\!)$ is a $n\times n$ complex
symmetric matrix. For each $n\in\mathbb{N},$ define the linear map
$\mathscr{A}_n:\big (\mathbb C_2^s[Z_1,\ldots , Z_n],\|\cdot\|_{\mathbb D^n,
\infty}\big ) \to \big (M_n, \|\cdot \|_{\infty \to 1}\big )$ to be
$\mathscr{A}_n\big (p) = (\!(a_{jk})\!).$ We show that the supremum (over $n$)
of the norm of the operators $\mathscr{A}_n;\,n\in\mathbb{N},$ is bounded below
by the constant $\pi^2/8.$ Using a class of operators, first introduced by
Varopoulos, we also construct a large class of explicit polynomials for which
the von Neumann inequality fails. We prove that the original
Varopoulos--Kaijser polynomial is extremal among a, suitably chosen, large
class of homogeneous polynomials of degree two. We also study the behaviour of
the constant $C_k(n)$ as $n \to \infty.$


title:
Inference problems in binary regression model with misclassified
  responses

abstract:
  Misclassification of binary responses, if ignored, may severely bias the
maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) of regression parameters. For such data, a
binary regression model incorporating misclassification probabilities is
extensively used by researchers in different application contexts. The model,
however, suffers from a serious estimation problem because of confounding of
the unknown misclassification probabilities with the regression parameters. To
overcome this problem, in addition to the main sample, use of internal
validation data is proposed. However, the maximum likelihood estimators (MLE)
are found to be substantially biased. Investigating further, we propose a
maximum pseudo-likelihood method of estimation which leads to bias reduction.
For drawing inference on the regression parameters, we develop a rigorous
asymptotic theory for the maximum pseudo-likelihood estimators under standard
assumptions. To facilitate its easy implementation, a bootstrapped version of
the estimator is proposed, and its distributional consistency is proved.
Extensions of these results are also provided for more general
misclassification models. The results of the simulation studies are
encouraging. The methodology is illustrated with a survey data.


title:
Numerical optimal control for HIV prevention with dynamic budget
  allocation

abstract:
  This paper is about numerical control of HIV propagation. The contribution of
the paper is threefold: first, a novel model of HIV propagation is proposed;
second, the methods from numerical optimal control are successfully applied to
the developed model to compute optimal control profiles; finally, the computed
results are applied to the real problem yielding important and practically
relevant results.


title: On the Convergence Time of a Natural Dynamics for Linear Programming

abstract:
  We consider a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the
solution of linear programming (LP) problems that was first proposed in the
mathematical biology literature as a model for the foraging behavior of
acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum, and more recently considered as a
method to solve LPs. We study the convergence time of the continuous Physarum
dynamics in the context of the linear programming problem, and derive a new
time bound to approximate optimality that depends on the relative entropy
between projected versions of the optimal point and of the initial point. The
bound scales logarithmically with the LP cost coefficients and linearly with
the inverse of the relative accuracy, establishing the efficiency of the
dynamics for arbitrary LP instances with positive costs.


title: On the convergence of gradient-like flows with noisy gradient input

abstract:
  In view of solving convex optimization problems with noisy gradient input, we
analyze the asymptotic behavior of gradient-like flows under stochastic
disturbances. Specifically, we focus on the widely studied class of mirror
descent schemes for convex programs with compact feasible regions, and we
examine the dynamics' convergence and concentration properties in the presence
of noise. In the vanishing noise limit, we show that the dynamics converge to
the solution set of the underlying problem (a.s.). Otherwise, when the noise is
persistent, we show that the dynamics are concentrated around interior
solutions in the long run, and they converge to boundary solutions that are
sufficiently "sharp". Finally, we show that a suitably rectified variant of the
method converges irrespective of the magnitude of the noise (or the structure
of the underlying convex program), and we derive an explicit estimate for its
rate of convergence.


title: Scheme of a Derivation of Collapse from Quantum Dynamics II

abstract:
  Is wave function collapse a prediction of the Schr\"odinger equation? This
unusual problem is explored in an enlarged framework of interpretation, where
quantum dynamics is considered exact and its interpretation is extended to
include local entanglement of two systems, including a macroscopic one. This
property of local entanglement, which results directly from the Schr\"odinger
equation but is unrelated with observables, is measured by local probabilities,
fundamentally distinct from quantum probabilities and evolving nonlinearly.
When applied to a macroscopic system and the fluctuations in its environment,
local entanglement can also inject a formerly ignored species of incoherence
into the quantum state of this system,. When applied to a quantum measurement,
the conjunction of these two effects suggests a self-consistent mechanism of
collapse, which would directly derive from the Schr\"odinger equation. (This
work develops and improves significantly a previously circulated version with
the same title [23])


title:
Spectropolarimetric evidence for a siphon flow along an emerging
  magnetic flux tube

abstract:
  We study the dynamics and topology of an emerging magnetic flux concentration
using high spatial resolution spectropolarimetric data acquired with the
Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment on board the Sunrise balloon-borne solar
observatory. We obtain the full vector magnetic field and the line-of-sight
(LOS) velocity through inversions of the Fe I line at 525.02 nm with the SPINOR
code. The derived vector magnetic field is used to trace magnetic field lines.
Two magnetic flux concentrations with different polarity and LOS velocities are
found to be connected by a group of arch-shaped magnetic field lines. The
positive polarity footpoint is weaker (1100 G) and displays an upflow, while
the negative polarity footpoint is stronger (2200 G) and shows a downflow. This
configuration is naturally interpreted as a siphon flow along an arched
magnetic flux tube.


title:
On the correlation of light polarization in uncorrelated disordered
  magnetic media

abstract:
  Light scattering in a magnetic medium with uncorrelated inclusions is
theoretically studied in the approximation of ladder diagram. Correlation
between polarizations of electromagnetic waves that are produced by
infinitely-distant dipole source is considered. Here white noise disorder model
with Gaussian distribution is taken into account. In such a medium the
magneto-optical interaction leads to correlation between perpendicular light
polarizations. Spatial field correlation matrix with nonzero nondiagonal
elements is obtained in the first order on gyration.


title: Quasidisks and twisting of the Riemann map

abstract:
  Consider a conformal map from the unit disk onto a quasidisk. We determine a
range of critical complex powers with respect to which the derivative is
integrable. The results fit into the picture predicted by a circular analogue
of Brennan's conjecture.


title: Non-deterministic Semantics for Dynamic Topological Logic

abstract:
  Dynamic Topological Logic ($\mathcal{DTL}$) is a combination of
$\mathcal{S}${\em 4}, under its topological interpretation, and the temporal
logic $\mathcal{LTL}$ interpreted over the natural numbers. $\mathcal{DTL}$ is
used to reason about properties of dynamical systems based on topological
spaces. Semantics are given by dynamic topological models, which are tuples
$\left <X,\mathcal{T},f,V\right >$, where $\left <X,\mathcal{T}\right >$ is a
topological space, $f$ a function on $X$ and $V$ a truth valuation assigning
subsets of $X$ to propositional variables.


title:
Quantitative Study of Beam Splitter Generated Entanglement from Input
  States with Multiple Nonclassicality Inducing Operations

abstract:
  Continuous variable Beam Splitter (BS) generated entanglement from single
mode optical states generated by single nonclassicality (NC) inducing operation
have been found of immense importance in several information processing tasks.
There exists a broader class of optical states, generated from successive
action of multiple different NC-inducing operations, which show many intriguing
nonclassical properties; however the BS conversion of the NC for such states
remains unexplored. In this work we have critically analyzed the BS generated
entanglement from such nonclassical optical states at input. Here we present a
scenario where BS output entanglement becomes non-monotonic with the input NC
parameters, amenable experimentally (e.g. number of photon excitation and
squeezing strength), in contrast with the previous results with states
comprising of single NC- inducing operation. We explain this counter intuitive
feature in terms of the competition between the NCs induced by specific type of
NC-inducing operations.


title:
OSSINT - Open Source Social Network Intelligence An efficient and
  effective way to uncover "private" information in OSN profiles

abstract:
  Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Facebook, provide users with tools to
share information along with a set of privacy controls preferences to regulate
the spread of information. Current privacy controls are efficient to protect
content data. However, the complexity of tuning them undermine their efficiency
when protecting contextual information (such as the social network structure)
that many users believe being kept private.
  In this paper, we demonstrate the extent of the problem of information
leakage in Facebook. In particular, we show the possibility of inferring, from
the network "surrounding" a victim user, some information that the victim set
as hidden. We developed a system, named OSSINT (Open Source Social Network
INTelligence), on top of our previous tool SocialSpy, that is able to infer
hidden information of a victim profile and retrieve private information from
public one. OSSINT retrieves the friendship network of a victim and shows how
it is possible to infer additional private information (e.g., user personal
preferences and hobbies). Our proposed system OSSINT goes extra mile about the
network topology information, i.e., predicting new friendships using the
victim's friends of friends network (2-hop of distance from the victim
profile), and hence possibly deduce private information of the full Facebook
network. OSSINT correctly improved the previous results of SocialSpy predicting
an average of 11 additional friendships with peaks of 20 new friends. Moreover,
OSSINT, for the considered victim profiles demonstrated how it is possible to
infer real life information such as current city, hometown, university,
supposed being private.


title: Ramsey Interferometry of Particle-Hole Pairs in Tunnel Junctions

abstract:
  We present a method to probe real-time dynamics in quantum mesoscopic systems
using Ramsey interferometry. This allows us to explore the effect of
interactions on quasi-particles in the time domain. We investigate the
dephasing effects of an ohmic environment on an electron-hole pair in a tunnel
junction. We show that dynamical Coulomb blockade phenomena can be observed for
resistances much smaller than the quantum of resistance. Moreover, the
crossover between high and low impedance limits can be probed for a constant
resistance by a proper control of the voltage modulation.


title:
Simultaneous Control of All False Discovery Proportions in Large-Scale
  Multiple Hypothesis Testing

abstract:
  Closed testing procedures are classically used for familywise error rate
(FWER) control, but they can also be used to obtain simultaneous confidence
bounds for the false discovery proportion (FDP) in all subsets of the
hypotheses. In this paper we investigate the special case of closed testing
with Simes local tests. We construct a novel fast and exact shortcut which we
use to investigate the power of this method when the number of hypotheses goes
to infinity. We show that, if a minimal amount of signal is present, the
average power to detect false hypotheses at any desired FDP level does not
vanish. Additionally, we show that the confidence bounds for FDP are consistent
estimators for the true FDP for every non-vanishing subset. For the case of a
finite number of hypotheses, we show connections between Simes-based closed
testing and the procedure of Benjamini and Hochberg.


title: Variational Fourier features for Gaussian processes

abstract:
  This work brings together two powerful concepts in Gaussian processes: the
variational approach to sparse approximation and the spectral representation of
Gaussian processes. This gives rise to an approximation that inherits the
benefits of the variational approach but with the representational power and
computational scalability of spectral representations. The work hinges on a key
result that there exist spectral features related to a finite domain of the
Gaussian process which exhibit almost-independent covariances. We derive these
expressions for Matern kernels in one dimension, and generalize to more
dimensions using kernels with specific structures. Under the assumption of
additive Gaussian noise, our method requires only a single pass through the
dataset, making for very fast and accurate computation. We fit a model to 4
million training points in just a few minutes on a standard laptop. With
non-conjugate likelihoods, our MCMC scheme reduces the cost of computation from
O(NM2) (for a sparse Gaussian process) to O(NM) per iteration, where N is the
number of data and M is the number of features.


title:
Advanced field-theoretical methods in stochastic dynamics and theory of
  developed turbulence

abstract:
  Selected recent contributions involving fluctuating velocity fields to the
rapidly developing domain of stochastic field theory are reviewed. Functional
representations for solutions of stochastic differential equations and master
equations are worked out in detail with an em- phasis on multiplicative noise
and the inherent ambiguity of the functional method. Application to stochastic
models of isotropic turbulence of multi-parameter expansions in regulators of
dimensional and analytic renormalization is surveyed. Effects of the choice of
the renormalization scheme are investigated. Special attention is paid to the
role and properties of the minimal subtraction scheme. Analysis of the
consequences of symmetry breaking of isotropic turbulence with the use of the
renormalization-group method is demonstrated by the effects due to helicity,
strong and weak anisotropy. A careful description is given of the influence of
turbulent advection on paradigmatic reaction-diffusion problems.


title:
Stability of Complex Biomolecular Structures: Vander Waals, Hydrogen
  Bond Cooperativity, and Nuclear Quantum Effects

abstract:
  Biomolecules are complex systems stabilized by a delicate balance of weak
interactions, making it important to assess all energetic contributions in an
accurate manner. However, it is a priori unclear which contributions make more
of an impact. Here, we examine stacked polyglutamine (polyQ) strands, a peptide
repeat often found in amyloid aggregates. We investigate the role of hydrogen
bond (HB) cooperativity, van der Waals (vdW) dispersion interactions, and
quantum contributions to free energies, including anharmonicities through
density functional theory and ab initio path integral simulations. Of these
various factors, we find that the largest impact on structural stabilization
comes from vdW interactions. HB cooperativity is the second largest
contribution as the size of the stacked chain grows. Competing nuclear quantum
effects make the net quantum contribution small but very sensitive to
anharmonicities, vdW, and the number of HBs. Our results suggest that a
reliable treatment of these systems can only be attained by considering all of
these components.


title: Long time scaling behaviour for diffusion with resetting and memory

abstract:
  We consider a continuous-space and continuous-time diffusion process under
resetting with memory. A particle resets to a position chosen from its
trajectory in the past according to a memory kernel. Depending on the form of
the memory kernel, we show analytically how different asymptotic behaviours of
the variance of the particle position emerge at long times. These range from
standard diffusive ($\sigma^2 \sim t$) all the way to anomalous ultraslow
growth $\sigma^2 \sim \ln \ln t$.


title:
Convergence rate of eigenvector empirical spectral distribution of large
  Wigner matrices

abstract:
  In this paper, we adopt the eigenvector empirical spectral distribution
(VESD) to investigate the limiting behavior of eigenvectors of a large
dimensional Wigner matrix W_n. In particular, we derive the optimal bound for
the rate of convergence of the expected VESD of W_n to the semicircle law,
which is of order O(n^{-1/2}) under the assumption of having finite 10th
moment. We further show that the convergence rates in probability and almost
surely of the VESD are O(n^{-1/4}) and O(n^{-1/6}), respectively, under finite
8th moment condition. Numerical studies demonstrate that the convergence rate
does not depend on the choice of unit vector involved in the VESD function, and
the best possible bound for the rate of convergence of the VESD is of order
O(n^{-1/2}).


title:
Reflected BSDEs with general filtration and two completely separated
  barriers

abstract:
  We consider reflected backward stochastic differential equations, with two
barriers, defined on probability spaces equipped with filtration satisfying
only the usual assumptions of right continuity and completeness. As for
barriers we assume that there are c\`adl\`ag processes of class D that are
completely separated. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for
integrable final condition and integrable monotone generator. An application to
zero-sum Dynkin game is given.


title:
Implications of Two-component Dark Matter Induced by Forbidden Channels
  and Thermal Freeze-out

abstract:
  We consider a model of two-component dark matter based on a hidden $U(1)_D$
symmetry, in which relic densities of the dark matter are determined by
forbidden channels and thermal freeze-out. The hidden $U(1)_D$ symmetry is
spontaneously broken to a residual $\mathbb{Z}_4$ symmetry, and the lightest
$\mathbb{Z}_4$ charged particle can be a dark matter candidate. Moreover,
depending on the mass hierarchy in the dark sector, we have two-component dark
matter. We show that the relic density of the lighter dark matter component can
be determined by forbidden annihilation channels which require larger couplings
compared to the normal freeze-out mechanism. As a result, a large
self-interaction of the lighter dark matter component can be induced, which may
solve small scale problems of $\Lambda$CDM model. On the other hand, the
heavier dark matter component is produced by normal freeze-out mechanism. We
find that interesting implications emerge between the two dark matter
components in this framework. We explore detectabilities of these dark matter
particles and show some parameter space can be tested by the SHiP experiment.


title:
Study on temperature coefficient of CdTe detector used for X-rays
  detection

abstract:
  The temperature of the working environment is a key factor in determining the
properties of semiconductor detectors, and it affects the absolute accuracy and
stability of the standard detector. In order to determine the temperature
coefficient of CdTe detector used for X-rays detection, a precise temperature
control system was designed. In this experiment, detectors and radiographic
source were set inside the thermostat with temperature of 0-40 Celsius degree,
so that the temperature can be regulated for the test of the temperature
coefficient of CdTe detector. Studies had shown that, with the increase of the
temperature, the energy resolution and detection efficiency of the CdTe
detector would deteriorate, and under 10 Celsius degree the detectors have
better performance with the 8 keV X-rays.


title:
Crowd Counting by Adapting Convolutional Neural Networks with Side
  Information

abstract:
  Computer vision tasks often have side information available that is helpful
to solve the task. For example, for crowd counting, the camera perspective
(e.g., camera angle and height) gives a clue about the appearance and scale of
people in the scene. While side information has been shown to be useful for
counting systems using traditional hand-crafted features, it has not been fully
utilized in counting systems based on deep learning. In order to incorporate
the available side information, we propose an adaptive convolutional neural
network (ACNN), where the convolutional filter weights adapt to the current
scene context via the side information. In particular, we model the filter
weights as a low-dimensional manifold, parametrized by the side information,
within the high-dimensional space of filter weights. With the help of side
information and adaptive weights, the ACNN can disentangle the variations
related to the side information, and extract discriminative features related to
the current context. Since existing crowd counting datasets do not contain
ground-truth side information, we collect a new dataset with the ground-truth
camera angle and height as the side information. On experiments in crowd
counting, the ACNN improves counting accuracy compared to a plain CNN with a
similar number of parameters. We also apply ACNN to image deconvolution to show
its potential effectiveness on other computer vision applications.


title:
Circuit QED: Cross-Kerr-effect induced by a superconducting qutrit
  without classical pulses

abstract:
  The realization of cross-Kerr nonlinearity is an important task for many
applications in quantum information processing. In this work, we propose a
method for realizing cross-Kerr nonlinearity interaction between two
superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators coupled by a three-level
superconducting flux qutrit (coupler). By employing the qutrit-resonator
dispersive interaction, we derive an effective Hamiltonian involving two-photon
number operators and a coupler operator. This Hamiltonian can be used to
describe a cross-Kerr nonlinearity interaction between two resonators when the
coupler is in the ground state. Because the coupler is unexcited during the
entire process, the effect of coupler decoherence can be greatly minimized.
More importantly, compared with the previous proposals, our proposal does not
require classical pulses. Furthermore, due to use of only a three-level qutrit,
the experimental setup is much simplified when compared with previous proposals
requiring a four-level artificial atomic systems. Based on our Hamiltonian, we
implement a two-resonator qubits controlled-phase gate and generate a
two-resonator entangled coherent state. Numerical simulation shows that the
high-fidelity implementation of the phase gate and creation of the entangled
coherent state are feasible with current circuit QED technology.


title:
Spectral stability under removal of small capacity sets and applications
  to Aharonov-Bohm operators

abstract:
  We first establish a sharp relation between the order of vanishing of a
Dirichlet eigenfunction at a point and the leading term of the asymptotic
expansion of the Dirichlet eigenvalue variation, as a removed compact set
concentrates at that point. Then we apply this spectral stability result to the
study of the asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues of Aharonov-Bohm operators
with two colliding poles moving on an axis of symmetry of the domain.


title: Review of gas and dust in debris discs

abstract:
  This proceeding summarises a talk given on the state-of-the-art of debris
disc modelling. We first review the basics of debris disc physics, which is
followed by a short overview of the state-of-the-art in terms of modelling dust
and gas in debris disc systems.


title: Asymptotic Behaviour of Truncated Stochastic Approximation Procedures

abstract:
  We study asymptotic behaviour of stochastic approximation procedures with
three main characteristics: truncations with random moving bounds, a matrix
valued random step-size sequence, and a dynamically changing random regression
function. In particular, we show that under quite mild conditions, stochastic
approximation procedures are asymptotically linear in the statistical sense,
that is, they can be represented as weighted sums of random variables.
Therefore, a suitable form of the central limit theorem can be applied to
derive asymptotic distribution of the corresponding processes. The theory is
illustrated by various examples and special cases.


title:
Shrinkage estimation of covariance matrix for portfolio choice with high
  frequency data

abstract:
  This paper examines the usefulness of high frequency data in estimating the
covariance matrix for portfolio choice when the portfolio size is large. A
computationally convenient nonlinear shrinkage estimator for the integrated
covariance (ICV) matrix of financial assets is developed in two steps. The
eigenvectors of the ICV are first constructed from a designed time variation
adjusted realized covariance matrix of noise-free log-returns of relatively low
frequency data. Then the regularized eigenvalues of the ICV are estimated by
quasi-maximum likelihood based on high frequency data. The estimator is always
positive definite and its inverse is the estimator of the inverse of ICV. It
minimizes the limit of the out-of-sample variance of portfolio returns within
the class of rotation-equivalent estimators. It works when the number of
underlying assets is larger than the number of time series observations in each
asset and when the asset price follows a general stochastic process. Our
theoretical results are derived under the assumption that the number of assets
(p) and the sample size (n) satisfy p/n \to y >0 as n goes to infty . The
advantages of our proposed estimator are demonstrated using real data.


title: Structure and dynamics of the t154 lattice glass

abstract:
  We revisit the $t154$ variant of the Biroli-Mezard lattice glass,
complementing previous studies by studying statics and dynamics under periodic
boundary conditions as well as systems confined in cavities with amorphous
boundaries. We compute the point-to-se correlation and relaxation times under
the different boundary conditions. Results point to a scenario with dynamics
ruled by structural correlations.


title: An Improved Non-linear Weights for Seventh-Order WENO Scheme

abstract:
  In this article, the construction and implementation of a seventh order
weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme is reported for hyperbolic
conservation laws. Local smoothness indicators are constructed based on
$L_{1}$-norm, where a higher order interpolation polynomial is used with each
derivative being approximated to the fourth order of accuracy with respect to
the evaluation point. The global smoothness indicator so constructed ensures
the scheme achieves the desired order of accuracy. The scheme is reviewed in
the presence of critical points and verified the numerical accuracy,
convergence with the help of linear scalar test cases. Further, the scheme is
implemented to non-linear scalar and system of equations in one and two
dimensions. As the formulation is based on method of lines, to move forward in
time linear strong-stability-preserving Runge-Kutta scheme (lSSPRK) for the
linear problems and the fourth order nonlinear version of five stage strong
stability preserving Runge-Kutta scheme (SSPRK(5,4)) for nonlinear problems is
used.


title: $(p,d)$-elliptic curves of genus two

abstract:
  We study stable curves of arithmetic genus 2 which admit two morphisms of
finite degree $p$, resp. $d$, onto smooth elliptic curves, with particular
attention to the case $p$ prime.


title: Non-Local Color Image Denoising with Convolutional Neural Networks

abstract:
  We propose a novel deep network architecture for grayscale and color image
denoising that is based on a non-local image model. Our motivation for the
overall design of the proposed network stems from variational methods that
exploit the inherent non-local self-similarity property of natural images. We
build on this concept and introduce deep networks that perform non-local
processing and at the same time they significantly benefit from discriminative
learning. Experiments on the Berkeley segmentation dataset, comparing several
state-of-the-art methods, show that the proposed non-local models achieve the
best reported denoising performance both for grayscale and color images for all
the tested noise levels. It is also worth noting that this increase in
performance comes at no extra cost on the capacity of the network compared to
existing alternative deep network architectures. In addition, we highlight a
direct link of the proposed non-local models to convolutional neural networks.
This connection is of significant importance since it allows our models to take
full advantage of the latest advances on GPU computing in deep learning and
makes them amenable to efficient implementations through their inherent
parallelism.


title: QCD phase diagram with isospin chemical potential

abstract:
  In this contribution we investigate the phase diagram of QCD in the presence
of an isospin chemical potential. To alleviate the infrared problems of the
theory associated with pion condensation, we introduce the pionic source as an
infrared regulator. We discuss various methods to extrapolate the results to
vanishing pionic source, including a novel method based on the singular value
spectrum of the massive Dirac operator, a leading-order reweighting and a
spline Monte-Carlo fit. Our main results concern the phase transition boundary
between the normal and the pion condensation phases and the
chiral/deconfinement transition temperature as a function of the chemical
potential. In addition, we perform a quantitative comparison between our direct
results and a Taylor-expansion obtained at zero chemical potential to assess
the applicability range of the latter.


title:
Emergence of Compositional Representations in Restricted Boltzmann
  Machines

abstract:
  Extracting automatically the complex set of features composing real
high-dimensional data is crucial for achieving high performance in
machine--learning tasks. Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) are empirically
known to be efficient for this purpose, and to be able to generate distributed
and graded representations of the data. We characterize the structural
conditions (sparsity of the weights, low effective temperature, nonlinearities
in the activation functions of hidden units, and adaptation of fields
maintaining the activity in the visible layer) allowing RBM to operate in such
a compositional phase. Evidence is provided by the replica analysis of an
adequate statistical ensemble of random RBMs and by RBM trained on the
handwritten digits dataset MNIST.

categories: physics.data-an cond-mat.dis-nn cs.LG stat.ML


title:
Thermal relic abundance of the lightest Kaluza-Klein particle in
  phenomenological universal extra dimension models

abstract:
  Universal extra dimension models with Kaluza-Klein parity provide us
excellent candidates for dark matter. We consider phenomenological universal
extra dimension models where the Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass spectrum is different
from that of the minimal universal extra dimension model, and compute the
thermal relic abundance of the first KK mode of the photon taking into account
the production of second KK particles. It is pointed out that its thermal relic
abundance depends significantly on the mass degeneracy between the KK-photon
and other KK particles because of considerable coannihilation effects. The
cosmologically favored compactification scale is shown to range from around 1
TeV to a few TeV even in the cases where one of the first KK particles is
tightly degenerate with the first KK photon in mass.


title: Two-temperature statistics of free energies in (1+1) directed polymers

abstract:
  The joint statistical properties of two free energies computed at two
different temperatures in {\it the same sample} of $(1+1)$ directed polymers is
studied in terms of the replica technique. The scaling dependence of the
reduced free energies difference ${\cal F} = F(T_{1})/T_{1} - F(T_{2})/T_{2}$
on the two temperatures $T_{1}$ and $T_{2}$ is derived. In particular, it is
shown that if the two temperatures $T_{1} \, < \, T_{2}$ are close to each
other the typical value of the fluctuating part of the reduced free energies
difference ${\cal F}$ is proportional to $(1 - T_{1}/T_{2})^{1/3}$. It is also
shown that the left tail asymptotics of this free energy difference probability
distribution function coincides with the corresponding tail of the TW
distribution.


title:
A fast acquisition rate system for charge exchange measurements at the
  plasma edge at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak

abstract:
  In this work, a new type of high through-put Czerny-Turner spectrometer has
been developed which allows to acquire multiple channels simultaneously with a
repetition time on the order of \SI{10}{\us} at different wavelengths. The
spectrometer has been coupled to the edge charge exchange recombination system
at ASDEX Upgrade which has been recently refurbished with new lines of sight.
Construction features, calibration methods, and initial measurements obtained
with the new setup will be presented.


title:
Phase-channel dynamics reveal the role of impurities and screening in a
  quasi-one-dimensional charge-density wave system

abstract:
  We investigate the low-energy phase excitations of the quasi-one-dimensional
charge density wave (CDW) in $\mathrm{K}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mo}\mathrm{O}_3$, by
direct probing of infrared-active CDW-lattice modes (phase-phonons) with
ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy. Both the nonequilibrium response and
temperature dependence of the bands are reconciled by generalizing the
time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, beyond that previously applied to the
amplitude-phonons, to include impurity effects, while the photoinduced
blue-shifts are attributed to a reduction of the electron-phonon coupling
induced by a long-lived free-carrier population.


title: Efficient Convolutional Neural Network with Binary Quantization Layer

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce a novel method for segmentation that can benefit
from general semantics of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our segmentation
proposes visually and semantically coherent image segments. We use binary
encoding of CNN features to overcome the difficulty of the clustering on the
high-dimensional CNN feature space. These binary encoding can be embedded into
the CNN as an extra layer at the end of the network. This results in real-time
segmentation. To the best of our knowledge our method is the first attempt on
general semantic image segmentation using CNN. All the previous papers were
limited to few number of category of the images (e.g. PASCAL VOC). Experiments
show that our segmentation algorithm outperform the state-of-the-art
non-semantic segmentation methods by a large margin.


title: Computational Nuclear Physics and Post Hartree-Fock Methods

abstract:
  We present a computational approach to infinite nuclear matter employing
Hartree-Fock theory, many-body perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory.
These lectures are closely linked with those of chapters 9, 10 and 11 and serve
as input for the correlation functions employed in Monte Carlo calculations in
chapter 9, the in-medium similarity renormalization group theory of dense
fermionic systems of chapter 10 and the Green's function approach in chapter
11. We provide extensive code examples and benchmark calculations, allowing
thereby an eventual reader to start writing her/his own codes. We start with an
object-oriented serial code and end with discussions on strategies for porting
the code to present and planned high-performance computing facilities.


title:
Sufficient Optimality Conditions for Distributed, Non-Predictive Ramp
  Metering in the Monotonic Cell Transmission Model

abstract:
  We consider the ramp metering problem for a freeway stretch modeled by the
Cell Transmission Model. Assuming perfect model knowledge and perfect traffic
demand prediction, the ramp metering problem can be cast as a finite horizon
optimal control problem with the objective of minimizing the Total Time Spent,
i.e., the sum of the travel times of all drivers. For this reason, the
application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) to the ramp metering problem has
been proposed. However, practical tests on freeways show that MPC may not
outperform simple, distributed feedback policies. Until now, a theoretical
justification for this empirical observation was lacking. This work compares
the performance of distributed, non-predictive policies to the optimal solution
in an idealised setting, specifically, for monotonic traffic dynamics and
assuming perfect model knowledge. To do so, we suggest a distributed,
non-predictive policy and derive sufficient optimality conditions for the
minimization of the Total Time Spent via monotonicity arguments. In a case
study based on real-world traffic data, we demonstrate that these optimality
conditions are only rarely violated. Moreover, we observe that the
suboptimality resulting from such infrequent violations appears to be
negligible. We complement this analysis with simulations in non-ideal settings,
in particular allowing for model mismatch, and argue that Alinea, a successful,
distributed ramp metering policy, comes close to the ideal controller both in
terms of control behavior and in performance.


title:
Why stop at two tops? Search for exotic production of top quarks in
  final states with same-sign leptons and $b$-jets at 13 TeV

abstract:
  An analysis is presented of events containing jets including at least one
$b$-tagged jet, sizable missing transverse momentum, and at least two charged
leptons including a pair of the same electric charge, with the scalar sum of
the jet and lepton transverse momenta being large. Standard Model processes
rarely produce these final states, but several models of physics beyond the
Standard Model predict an enhanced production rate of such events. Specific
models with this feature are considered here: vector-like $T$, $B$, and
$T_{5/3}$ quark pair production, and four top quark production under three
scenarios (Standard Model, contact interaction, and extra-dimensions). A data
sample of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of
$\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider
is used in this analysis. Several signal regions are defined, in which the
consistency between the data yield and the background-only hypothesis is
checked, and 95% confidence level limits are set on various signal models. The
focus here is on models yielding signatures with four top quarks.


title: Symmetries of Canal Surfaces and Dupin Cyclides

abstract:
  We develop a characterization for the existence of symmetries of canal
surfaces defined by a rational spine curve and rational radius function. In
turn, this characterization inspires an algorithm for computing the symmetries
of such canal surfaces. For Dupin cyclides in canonical form, we apply the
characterization to derive an intrinsic description of their symmetries and
symmetry groups, which gives rise to a method for computing the symmetries of a
Dupin cyclide not necessarily in canonical form. As a final application, we
discuss the construction of patches and blends of rational canal surfaces with
a prescribed symmetry.


title:
On Subthreshold Ionization of Helium Droplets, Ejection of He+, and the
  Role of Anions

abstract:
  The mechanism of ionization of helium droplets has been investigated in
numerous reports but one observation has not found a satisfactory explanation:
How are $He^+$ ions formed and ejected from undoped droplets at electron
energies below the ionization threshold of the free atom? Does this path exist
at all? A measurement of the ion yields of $He^+$ and $He_2^+$ as a function of
electron energy, electron emission current, and droplet size reveals that
metastable $He^{*-}$ anions play a crucial role in the formation of free $He^+$
at subthreshold energies. The proposed model is testable.


title:
Sunlight effects on the 3D polar current system determined from low
  Earth orbit measurements

abstract:
  Interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere is
associated with large-scale currents in the ionosphere at polar latitudes that
flow along magnetic field lines (Birkeland currents) and horizontally. These
current systems are tightly linked, but their global behaviors are rarely
analyzed together. In this paper, we present estimates of the average global
Birkeland currents and horizontal ionospheric currents from the same set of
magnetic field measurements. The magnetic field measurements, from the low
Earth orbiting $\textit{Swarm}$ and CHAMP satellites, are used to co-estimate
poloidal and toroidal parts of the magnetic disturbance field, represented in
magnetic apex coordinates. The use of apex coordinates reduces effects of
longitudinal and hemispheric variations in the Earth's main field. We present
global currents from both hemispheres during different sunlight conditions. The
results show that the Birkeland currents vary with the conductivity, which
depends most strongly on solar EUV emissions on the dayside and on particle
precipitation at pre-midnight magnetic local times. In sunlight, the horizontal
equivalent current flows in two cells, resembling an opposite ionospheric
convection pattern, which implies that it is dominated by Hall currents. By
combining the Birkeland current maps and the equivalent current, we are able to
calculate the total horizontal current, without any assumptions about the
conductivity. We show that the total horizontal current is close to zero in the
polar cap when it is dark. That implies that the equivalent current, which is
sensed by ground magnetometers, is largely canceled by the horizontal closure
of the Birkeland currents.


title:
Polarizing the electronic and nuclear spin of the NV-center in diamond
  in arbitrary magnetic fields: analysis of the optical pumping process

abstract:
  Initializing a set of qubits to a given quantum state is a basic prerequisite
for the physical implementation of quantum-information protocols. Here, we
discuss the polarization of the electronic and nuclear spin in a single
nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. Our initialization scheme uses a sequence
of laser, microwave and radio-frequency pulses, and we optimize the pumping
parameters of the laser pulse. A rate equation model is formulated that
explains the effect of the laser pulse on the spin system. We have
experimentally determined the population of the relevant spin states as a
function of the duration of the laser pulse by measuring Rabi oscillations and
Ramsey-type free-induction decays. The experimental data have been analyzed to
determine the pumping rates of the rate equation model.


title:
Multi-qudit states generated by unitary braid quantum gates based on
  Temperley-Lieb algebra

abstract:
  Using a braid group representation based on the Temperley-Lieb algebra, we
construct braid quantum gates that could generate entangled $n$-partite
$D$-level qudit states. $D$ different sets of $D^n\times D^n$ unitary
representation of the braid group generators are presented. With these
generators the desired braid quantum gates are obtained. We show that the
generalized GHZ states, which are maximally entangled states, can be obtained
directly from these braid quantum gates without resorting to further local
unitary transformations. We also point out an interesting observation, namely
for a general multi-qudit state there exists a unitary braid quantum gate based
on the Temperley-Lieb algebra that connects it from one of its component basis
states, if the coefficient of the component state is such that the square of
its norm is no less than $1/4$.


title: Subcycle Quantum Electrodynamics

abstract:
  Besides their stunning physical properties which are unmatched in a classical
world, squeezed states of electromagnetic radiation bear advanced application
potentials in quantum information systems and precision metrology, including
gravitational wave detectors with unprecedented sensitivity. Since the first
experiments on such nonclassical light, quantum analysis has been based on
homodyning techniques and photon correlation measurements. These methods
require a well-defined carrier frequency and photons contained in a quantum
state need to be absorbed or amplified. They currently function in the visible
to near-infrared and microwave spectral ranges. Quantum nondemolition
experiments may be performed at the expense of excess fluctuations in another
quadrature. Here we generate mid-infrared time-locked patterns of squeezed
vacuum noise. After propagation through free space, the quantum fluctuations of
the electric field are studied in the time domain by electro-optic sampling
with few-femtosecond laser pulses. We directly compare the local noise
amplitude to the level of bare vacuum fluctuations. This nonlinear approach
operates off resonance without absorption or amplification of the field that is
investigated. Subcycle intervals with noise level significantly below the pure
quantum vacuum are found. Enhanced fluctuations in adjacent time segments
manifest generation of highly correlated quantum radiation as a consequence of
the uncertainty principle. Together with efforts in the far infrared, this work
opens a window to the elementary quantum dynamics of light and matter in an
energy range at the boundary between vacuum and thermal background conditions.


title: Half-life of 31Si

abstract:
  Half-life values are widely used in nuclear chemistry to model the
exponential decay of the quantified radionuclides. The analysis of existing
data reveals a general lack of information on the performed experiments and an
almost complete absence of uncertainty budgets. This is the situation for 31Si,
the radionuclide produced via neutron capture reaction recently used to
quantify trace amounts of 30Si in a sample of the silicon material highly
enriched in 28Si and used for the determination of the Avogadro constant. In
order to improve the quality of the now recommended 157.36(26) min value, we
carried out repeated observations of the 31Si decay rate via gamma-ray
spectrometry measurements. This paper reports the result we obtained, including
details of the experiment and the evaluation of the uncertainty.


title: Reducedness of affine Grassmannian slices in type A

abstract:
  We prove in type A a conjecture which describes the ideal of transversal
slices to spherical Schubert varieties in the affine Grassmannian. As a
corollary, we prove a modular description (due to Finkelberg-Mirkovi\'c) of the
spherical Schubert varieties.


title:
North-South Asymmetries in Earth's Magnetic Field: Effects on
  High-Latitude Geospace

abstract:
  The solar-wind magnetosphere interaction primarily occurs at altitudes where
the dipole component of Earth's magnetic field is dominating. The disturbances
that are created in this interaction propagate along magnetic field lines and
interact with the ionosphere-thermosphere system. At ionospheric altitudes, the
Earth's field deviates significantly from a dipole. North-South asymmetries in
the magnetic field imply that the magnetosphere ionosphere-thermosphere (M-I-T)
coupling is different in the two hemispheres. In this paper we review the
primary differences in the magnetic field at polar latitudes, and the
consequences that these have for the M-I-T coupling. We focus on two
interhemispheric differences which are thought to have the strongest effects:
1) A difference in the offset between magnetic and geographic poles in the
Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and 2) differences in the magnetic field
strength at magnetically conjugate regions. These asymmetries lead to
differences in plasma convection, neutral winds, total electron content, ion
outflow, ionospheric currents and auroral precipitation.


title:
Effective Deterministic Initialization for $k$-Means-Like Methods via
  Local Density Peaks Searching

abstract:
  The $k$-means clustering algorithm is popular but has the following main
drawbacks: 1) the number of clusters, $k$, needs to be provided by the user in
advance, 2) it can easily reach local minima with randomly selected initial
centers, 3) it is sensitive to outliers, and 4) it can only deal with well
separated hyperspherical clusters. In this paper, we propose a Local Density
Peaks Searching (LDPS) initialization framework to address these issues. The
LDPS framework includes two basic components: one of them is the local density
that characterizes the density distribution of a data set, and the other is the
local distinctiveness index (LDI) which we introduce to characterize how
distinctive a data point is compared with its neighbors. Based on these two
components, we search for the local density peaks which are characterized with
high local densities and high LDIs to deal with 1) and 2). Moreover, we detect
outliers characterized with low local densities but high LDIs, and exclude them
out before clustering begins. Finally, we apply the LDPS initialization
framework to $k$-medoids, which is a variant of $k$-means and chooses data
samples as centers, with diverse similarity measures other than the Euclidean
distance to fix the last drawback of $k$-means. Combining the LDPS
initialization framework with $k$-means and $k$-medoids, we obtain two novel
clustering methods called LDPS-means and LDPS-medoids, respectively.
Experiments on synthetic data sets verify the effectiveness of the proposed
methods, especially when the ground truth of the cluster number $k$ is large.
Further, experiments on several real world data sets, Handwritten Pendigits,
Coil-20, Coil-100 and Olivetti Face Database, illustrate that our methods give
a superior performance than the analogous approaches on both estimating $k$ and
unsupervised object categorization.


title: Class of smooth functions in Dirichlet spaces

abstract:
  Given a regular Dirichlet form $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{F})$ on a fixed domain
$E$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$, we first indicate that the basic assumption
$C_c^\infty(E)\subset \mathcal{F}$ is equivalent to the fact that each
coordinate function $f^i(x)=x_i$ locally belongs to $\mathcal{F}$ for $1\leq
i\leq d$. Our research starts from these two different viewpoints. On one hand,
we shall explore when $C_c^\infty(E)$ is a special standard core of
$\mathcal{F}$ and give some useful characterizations. On the other hand, we
shall describe the Fukushima's decompositions of $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{F})$
with respect to the coordinates functions, especially discuss when their
martingale part is a standard Brownian motion and what we can say about their
zero energy part. Finally, when we put these two kinds of discussions together,
an interesting class of stochastic differential equations are raised. They have
uncountable solutions that do not depend on the initial condition.


title: TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Network

abstract:
  This paper presents an end-to-end trainable fast scene text detector, named
TextBoxes, which detects scene text with both high accuracy and efficiency in a
single network forward pass, involving no post-process except for a standard
non-maximum suppression. TextBoxes outperforms competing methods in terms of
text localization accuracy and is much faster, taking only 0.09s per image in a
fast implementation. Furthermore, combined with a text recognizer, TextBoxes
significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on word spotting and
end-to-end text recognition tasks.


title: Path of a tunneling particle

abstract:
  Attempts to find a quantum-to-classical correspondence in a classically
forbidden region leads to non-physical paths, involving, for example, complex
time or spatial coordinates. Here, we identify genuine quasi-classical paths
for tunneling in terms of probabilistic correlations in sequential
time-of-arrival measurements. In particular, we construct the post-selected
probability density $P_{p.s.}(x, \tau)$ for a particle to be found at time
$\tau$ in position $x$ inside the forbidden region, provided that it later
crossed the barrier. The classical paths follow from the maximization of the
probability density with respect to $\tau$. For almost monochromatic initial
states, the paths correspond to the maxima of the modulus square of the
wave-function $|\psi(x,\tau)|^2$ with respect to $\tau$ and for constant $x$
inside the barrier region. The derived paths are expressed in terms of
classical equations, but they have no analogues in classical mechanics.
Finally, we evaluate the paths explicitly for the case of a square potential
barrier.


title:
Relativistic Causality vs. No-Signaling as the limiting paradigm for
  correlations in physical theories

abstract:
  The no-signaling constraints state that the probability distribution of the
outputs of any subset of parties is independent of the inputs of the
complementary set; here we re-examine these to see how they arise from
relativistic causality. We show that while the usual no-signaling constraints
are sufficient, in general they are not necessary to ensure that a theory does
not violate causality. Depending on the exact space-time coordinates of the
measurement events in a multi-party Bell experiment, causality only imposes a
subset of the usual no-signaling conditions. After revisiting the derivation of
the two-party no-signaling constraints, we consider the three-party Bell
scenario and characterise a space-time region in which a subset of the
no-signaling conditions is sufficient to preserve causality. Secondly, we
examine the implications for device-independent cryptography against an
eavesdropper constrained only by the laws of relativity. We show an explicit
attack in certain measurement configurations on a family of protocols based on
the n-party Mermin inequalities that were previously proven secure under the
old no-signaling conditions. We then show that security of two-party protocols
can also be compromised when the eavesdropper's measurement configuration is
not constrained. The monogamy of non-local correlations that underpin their use
in secrecy can also be broken in certain space-time configurations. Thirdly, we
inspect the notion of free-choice and propose a definition of free-choice in
the multi-party Bell experiment. We then re-examine the question whether
quantum correlations may admit explanations by finite speed superluminal
influences. Finally, we study genuine multiparty non-locality and present a new
class of causal bilocal models. We propose a new Svetlichny-type inequality
that is satisfied by the causal bilocal model and show its violation within
quantum theory.


title:
The orthogonal complements of $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ in its regular Dirichlet
  extensions

abstract:
  Consider the regular Dirichlet extension $(\mathcal{E},\mathcal{F})$ for
one-dimensional Brownian motion, that $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ is a subspace of
$\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{E}(f,g)=\frac12\mathbf{D}(f,g)$ for $f,g\in
H^1(\mathbb{R})$. Both $H^1(\mathbb{R})$ and $\mathcal{F}$ are Hilbert spaces
under $\mathcal{E}_\alpha$ and hence there is $\alpha$-orthogonal compliment
$\mathcal{G}_\alpha$. We give the explicit expression for functions in
$\mathcal{G}_\alpha$ which then can be described by another two spaces. On the
two spaces, there is a natural Dirichlet form in the wide sense and by the
darning method, their regular representations are given.


title: Cyclotomic polynomials at roots of unity

abstract:
  The $n^{th}$ cyclotomic polynomial $\Phi_n(x)$ is the minimal polynomial of
an $n^{th}$ primitive root of unity. Hence $\Phi_n(x)$ is trivially zero at
primitive $n^{th}$ roots of unity. Using finite Fourier analysis we derive a
formula for $\Phi_n(x)$ at the other roots of unity. This allows one to
explicitly evaluate $\Phi_n(e^{2\pi i/m})$ with $m\in \{3,4,5,6,8,10,12\}$. We
use this evaluation with $m=5$ to give a simple reproof of a result of Vaughan
(1975) on the maximum coefficient (in absolute value) of $\Phi_n(x)$. We also
obtain a formula for $\Phi_n'(e^{2\pi i/m}) / \Phi_n(e^{2\pi i/m})$ with $n \ne
m$, which is effectively applied to $m \in \{3,4,6\}$. Furthermore, we compute
the resultant of two cyclotomic polynomials in a novel very short way.


title:
Modeling contact networks of patients and MRSA spread in Swedish
  hospitals

abstract:
  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a difficult-to-treat
infection that only in the European Union affects about 150,000 patients and
causes extra costs of 380 million Euros annually to the health-care systems.
Increasing efforts have been taken to mitigate the epidemics and to avoid
potential outbreaks in low endemic settings. Understanding the population
dynamics of MRSA through modeling is essential to identify the causal
mechanisms driving the epidemics and to generalize conclusions to different
contexts. We develop an innovative high-resolution spatiotemporal contact
network model of interactions between patients to reproduce the hospital
population in the context of the Stockholm County in Sweden and simulate the
spread of MRSA within this population. Our model captures the spatial and
temporal heterogeneity caused by human behavior and by the dynamics of mobility
within wards and hospitals. We estimate that in this population the epidemic
threshold is at about 0.008. We also identify that these heterogeneous contact
patterns cause the emergence of super-spreader patients and a polynomial growth
of the epidemic curve. We finally study the effect of standard intervention
control strategies and identify that screening is more effective than improved
hygienic in order to cause smaller or null outbreaks.


title:
MAP-Me: Managing Anchor-less Producer Mobility in Information-Centric
  Networks

abstract:
  Mobility has become a basic premise of network communications, thereby
requiring a native integration into 5G networks. Despite the numerous efforts
to propose and to standardize effective mobility management models for IP, the
result is a complex, poorly flexible set of mechanisms. The natural support for
mobility offered by ICN (Information Centric Networking), makes it a good
candidate to define a radically new solution relieving limitations of
traditional approaches. If consumer mobility is supported in ICN by design, in
virtue of its connectionless pull-based communication model, producer mobility
is still an open challenge. In this work, we propose MAP-Me, an anchor-less
solution to manage micro mobility of content producer via ICN name-based data
plane, with support for latency-sensitive applications. First, we analyze
MAP-Me performance and provide guarantees of correctness and stability.
Further, we set up a realistic simulation environment in NDNSim 2.1 for MAP-Me
evaluation and comparison against existing solutions: either random waypoint
and trace-driven car mobility patterns are considered under 802.11 radio
access. Results are encouraging and highlight the superiority of MAP-Me in
terms of user performance and of network cost metrics.


title: Dynamics of small-scale convective motions

abstract:
  Previous studies have discovered a population of small granules with
diameters less than 800 km showing differing physical properties. High
resolution simulations and observations of the solar granulation, in
combination with automated segmentation and tracking algorithms, allow us to
study the evolution of the structural and physical properties of these granules
and surrounding vortex motions with high temporal and spatial accuracy. We
focus on the dynamics of granules (lifetime, fragmentation, size, position,
intensity, vertical velocity) over time and the influence of strong vortex
motions. Of special interest are the dynamics of small granules compared to
regular-sized granules. We developed a temporal tracking algorithm based on our
developed segmentation algorithm for solar granulation. This was applied to
radiation hydrodynamics simulations and high resolution observations of the
quiet Sun by SUNRISE/IMaX. The dynamics of small granules differ in regard to
their diameter, intensity and depth evolution compared to regular granules. The
tracked granules in the simulation and observations reveal similar dynamics
(lifetime, evolution of size, vertical velocity and intensity). The
fragmentation analysis shows that the majority of granules in simulations do
not fragment, while the opposite was found in observations. Strong vortex
motions were detected at the location of small granules. Regions of strong
vertical vorticity show high intensities and downflow velocities, and live up
to several minutes. The analysis of granules separated according to their
diameter in different groups reveals strongly differing behaviors. The largest
discrepancies can be found within the groups of small, medium-sized and large
granules and have to be analyzed independently. The predominant location of
vortex motions on and close to small granules indicates a strong influence on
the dynamics of granules.


title: Supergiants transiting towards white dwarf

abstract:
  Observational manifestations of far evolved stars at the asymptotic giants
branch and their nearest descendants are briefly considered. Main results of
their chemical composition determinations based on long term high resolution
spectroscopy at the 6-m telescope are also briefly summed up. A new kind of
peculiarity of optical spectra is found and discussed: splitting or asymmetry
of strongest absorptions in the optical spectra of selected post-AGB stars with
envelopes and atmospheres enriched in carbon and s-process heavy metals.


title: Bidirectional Tree-Structured LSTM with Head Lexicalization

abstract:
  Sequential LSTM has been extended to model tree structures, giving
competitive results for a number of tasks. Existing methods model constituent
trees by bottom-up combinations of constituent nodes, making direct use of
input word information only for leaf nodes. This is different from sequential
LSTMs, which contain reference to input words for each node. In this paper, we
propose a method for automatic head-lexicalization for tree-structure LSTMs,
propagating head words from leaf nodes to every constituent node. In addition,
enabled by head lexicalization, we build a tree LSTM in the top-down direction,
which corresponds to bidirectional sequential LSTM structurally. Experiments
show that both extensions give better representations of tree structures. Our
final model gives the best results on the Standford Sentiment Treebank and
highly competitive results on the TREC question type classification task.


title: A lemma for microlocal sheaf theory in the $\infty$-categorical setting

abstract:
  Microlocal sheaf theory of \cite{KS90} makes an essential use of an extension
lemma for sheaves due to Kashiwara, and this lemma is based on a criterion of
the same author giving conditions in order that a functor defined in
$\mathbb{R}$ with values in the category $Sets$ of sets be constant.
  In a first part of this paper, using classical tools, we show how to
generalize the extension lemma to the case of the unbounded derived category.
  In a second part, we extend Kashiwara's result on constant functors by
replacing the category $Sets$ with the $\infty$-category of spaces and apply it
to generalize the extension lemma to $\infty$-sheaves, the $\infty$-categorical
version of sheaves.
  Finally, we define the micro-support of sheaves with values in a stable
$(\infty,1)$-category.


title:
Well-posedness for a class of doubly nonlinear stochastic PDEs of
  divergence type

abstract:
  We prove well-posedness for doubly nonlinear parabolic stochastic partial
differential equations of the form $dX_t-\text{div}\,\gamma(\nabla
X_t)\,dt+\beta(X_t)\,dt\ni B(t,X_t)\,dW_t$, where $\gamma$ and $\beta$ are the
two nonlinearities, assumed to be multivalued maximal monotone operators
everywhere defined on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $\mathbb{R}$ respectively, and $W$ is
a cylindrical Wiener process. Using variational techniques, suitable uniform
estimates (both pathwise and in expectation) and some compactness results,
well-posedness is proved under the classical Leray-Lions conditions on $\gamma$
and with no restrictive smoothness or growth assumptions on $\beta$. The
operator $B$ is assumed to be Hilbert-Schmidt and to satisfy some classical
Lipschitz conditions in the second variable.


title: Generalized Dropout

abstract:
  Deep Neural Networks often require good regularizers to generalize well.
Dropout is one such regularizer that is widely used among Deep Learning
practitioners. Recent work has shown that Dropout can also be viewed as
performing Approximate Bayesian Inference over the network parameters. In this
work, we generalize this notion and introduce a rich family of regularizers
which we call Generalized Dropout. One set of methods in this family, called
Dropout++, is a version of Dropout with trainable parameters. Classical Dropout
emerges as a special case of this method. Another member of this family selects
the width of neural network layers. Experiments show that these methods help in
improving generalization performance over Dropout.


title: Neural Information Retrieval: A Literature Review

abstract:
  A recent "third wave" of Neural Network (NN) approaches now delivers
state-of-the-art performance in many machine learning tasks, spanning speech
recognition, computer vision, and natural language processing. Because these
modern NNs often comprise multiple interconnected layers, this new NN research
is often referred to as deep learning. Stemming from this tide of NN work, a
number of researchers have recently begun to investigate NN approaches to
Information Retrieval (IR). While deep NNs have yet to achieve the same level
of success in IR as seen in other areas, the recent surge of interest and work
in NNs for IR suggest that this state of affairs may be quickly changing. In
this work, we survey the current landscape of Neural IR research, paying
special attention to the use of learned representations of queries and
documents (i.e., neural embeddings). We highlight the successes of neural IR
thus far, catalog obstacles to its wider adoption, and suggest potentially
promising directions for future research.


title: FeynHelpers: Connecting FeynCalc to FIRE and Package-X

abstract:
  We present a new interface called FeynHelpers that connects FeynCalc, a
Mathematica package for symbolic semi-automatic evaluation of Feynman diagrams
and calculations in quantum field theory (QFT) to Package-X and FIRE. The
former provides a library of analytic results for scalar 1-loop integrals with
up to 4 legs, while the latter is a general-purpose tool for reduction of
multi-loop scalar integrals using Integration-by-Parts (IBP) identities. With
this add-on many types of calculations that were difficult or hardly feasible
with FeynCalc previously, can now be done in a much simpler way. This is
demonstrated with four different examples from QED, QCD and Higgs physics.


title:
Distributed delay-line interferometer based on a Bragg grating in
  transmission mode

abstract:
  A novel approach for a delay line interferometer (DLI) based purely on
forward Bragg scattering is proposed. We have numerically and experimentally
demonstrated that a Bragg grating can deliver the functionality of a DLI in its
transmission mode along a single common interfering optical path, instead of
the conventional DLI implementation with two interfering optical paths. As a
proof of concept, a fiber Bragg grating has been designed and fabricated,
showing the desired functionality in the transmission mode of the Bragg
grating. The proposed "Bragg-DLI" approach is applicable to any kind of Bragg
grating technology, such as volume Bragg gratings, dielectric mirrors, silicon
photonics, and other optical waveguide based Bragg structures.


title:
A randomized polynomial kernelization for Vertex Cover with a smaller
  parameter

abstract:
  In the Vertex Cover problem we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ and an integer $k$
and have to determine whether there is a set $X\subseteq V$ of size at most $k$
such that each edge in $E$ has at least one endpoint in $X$. The problem can be
easily solved in time $O^*(2^k)$, making it fixed-parameter tractable (FPT)
with respect to $k$. While the fastest known algorithm takes only time
$O^*(1.2738^k)$, much stronger improvements have been obtained by studying
parameters that are smaller than $k$. Apart from treewidth-related results, the
arguably best algorithm for Vertex Cover runs in time $O^*(2.3146^p)$, where
$p=k-LP(G)$ is only the excess of the solution size $k$ over the best
fractional vertex cover (Lokshtanov et al.\ TALG 2014). Since $p\leq k$ but $k$
cannot be bounded in terms of $p$ alone, this strictly increases the range of
tractable instances.
  Recently, Garg and Philip (SODA 2016) greatly contributed to understanding
the parameterized complexity of the Vertex Cover problem. They prove that
$2LP(G)-MM(G)$ is a lower bound for the vertex cover size of $G$, where $MM(G)$
is the size of a largest matching of $G$, and proceed to study parameter
$\ell=k-(2LP(G)-MM(G))$. They give an algorithm of running time $O^*(3^\ell)$,
proving that Vertex Cover is FPT in $\ell$. It can be easily observed that
$\ell\leq p$ whereas $p$ cannot be bounded in terms of $\ell$ alone. We
complement the work of Garg and Philip by proving that Vertex Cover admits a
randomized polynomial kernelization in terms of $\ell$, i.e., an efficient
preprocessing to size polynomial in $\ell$. This improves over parameter
$p=k-LP(G)$ for which this was previously known (Kratsch and Wahlstr\"om FOCS
2012).


title:
Demonstration of a context-switch method for heterogeneous
  reconfigurable systems

abstract:
  Nowadays, FPGAs are integrated in high-performance computing systems,
servers, or even used as accelerators in System-on-Chip (SoC) platforms. Since
the execution is performed in hardware, FPGA gives much higher performance and
lower energy consumption compared to most microprocessor-based systems.
However, the room to improve FPGA performance still exists, e.g. when it is
used by multiple users. In multi-user approaches, FPGA resources are shared
between several users. Therefore, one must be able to interrupt a running
circuit at any given time and continue the task at will. An image of the state
of the running circuit (context) is saved during interruption and restored when
the execution is continued. The ability to extract and restore the context is
known as context-switch.In the previous work [1], an automatic checkpoint
selection method is proposed for circuit generation targeting reconfigurable
systems. The method relies on static analysis of the finite state machine of a
circuit to select the checkpoint states. States with minimum overhead will be
selected as checkpoints, which allow optimal context save and restore. The
maximum time to reach a checkpoint will be defined by the user and consideredas
the context-switch latency. The method is implemented in C code and integrated
as plugin in a free and open-source High-Level Synthesis tool AUGH [2].


title:
Quartic scaling MP2 for solids: A highly parallelized algorithm in the
  plane wave basis

abstract:
  We present a low-complexity algorithm to calculate the correlation energy of
periodic systems in second-order M\o ller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). In
contrast to previous approximation-free MP2 codes, our implementation possesses
a quartic scaling, $\mathcal O (N^4)$, with respect to the system size $N$ and
offers an almost ideal parallelization efficiency. The general issue that the
correlation energy converges slowly with the number of basis functions is eased
by an internal basis set extrapolation. The key concept to reduce the scaling
is to eliminate all summations over virtual orbitals which can be elegantly
achieved in the Laplace transformed MP2 (LTMP2) formulation using plane wave
basis sets and Fast Fourier transforms. Analogously, this approach could allow
to calculate second order screened exchange (SOSEX) as well as particle-hole
ladder diagrams with a similar low complexity. Hence, the presented method can
be considered as a step towards systematically improved correlation energies.


title:
Nonlinear Conductivity of a Holographic Superconductor Under Constant
  Electric Field

abstract:
  The dynamics of a two-dimensional superconductor under a constant electric
field $E$ is studied by using the gauge/gravity correspondence. The pair
breaking current induced by $E$ first increases to a peak value and then
decreases to a constant value at late time, where the superconducting gap goes
to zero, corresponding to a normal conducting phase. The peak value of the
current is found to increase linearly with respect to the electric field.
Moreover, the nonlinear conductivity, defined as an average of the conductivity
in the superconducting phase, scales as $\sim E^{-2/3}$ for large $E$ when the
system is close to the critical temperature, which agrees with predictions from
solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation.


title: Phase transition in the SRG flow of nuclear interactions

abstract:
  We use a chiral interaction at N3LO in the 1S0 channel of the nucleon-
nucleon interaction in order to investigate the on-shell transition along the
similarity renormalization group flow towards the infrared limit. We find a
crossover at a scale that depends on the number of grid points used to
discretise the momentum space.


title:
MDL-motivated compression of GLM ensembles increases interpretability
  and retains predictive power

abstract:
  Over the years, ensemble methods have become a staple of machine learning.
Similarly, generalized linear models (GLMs) have become very popular for a wide
variety of statistical inference tasks. The former have been shown to enhance
out- of-sample predictive power and the latter possess easy interpretability.
Recently, ensembles of GLMs have been proposed as a possibility. On the
downside, this approach loses the interpretability that GLMs possess. We show
that minimum description length (MDL)-motivated compression of the inferred
ensembles can be used to recover interpretability without much, if any,
downside to performance and illustrate on a number of standard classification
data sets.