title:
Differential-geometrical approach to the dynamics of dissipationless
  incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics: II. Geodesic formulation and
  Riemannian curvature analysis of hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic
  stabilities

abstract:
  In this study, the dynamics of a dissipationless incompressible Hall
magnetohydrodynamic (HMHD) medium are formulated as geodesics on a direct
product of two volume-preserving diffeomorphism groups. Formulations are given
for the geodesic and Jacobi equations based on a linear connection with
physically desirable properties, which agrees with the Levi-Civita connection.
Derivations of the explicit normal-mode expressions for the Riemannian metric,
Levi-Civita connection, and related formulae and equations are also provided
using the generalized Els\"asser variables (GEVs). Examinations of the
stabilities of the hydrodynamic (HD, $\alpha=0$) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD,
$\alpha\to0$) motions and the $O(\alpha)$ Hall-term effect in terms of the
Jacobi equation and the Riemannian sectional curvature tensor are presented,
where $\alpha$ represents the Hall-term strength parameter. It is very
interesting that the sectional curvatures of the MHD and HMHD systems between
two GEV modes were found to take both the positive (stable) and negative
(unstable) values, while that of the HD system between two complex helical
waves was observed to be negative definite. Moreover, for the MHD case,
negative sectional curvatures were found to occur only when mode interaction
was "local," i.e., the wavenumber moduli of the main flow (say $p$) and
perturbation (say $k$) were close to each other ($k \approx p$). However, in
the nonlocal limit ($k \gg p$ or $k \ll p$), the sectional curvatures were
always positive. This result leads to the conjecture that the MHD interactions
mainly excite wavy or non-growing motions; however, some local interactions
cause dynamical instability that leads to chaotic or turbulent plasma motions.
Additionally, it was found that the tendencies of the $O(\alpha)$ effects are
opposite between the ion cyclotron and whistler modes. Comparison with
energy-Casimir method is discussed.


title:
Quantum random number generation enhanced by weak-coherent states
  interference

abstract:
  We propose and demonstrate a technique for quantum random number generation
based on the random population of the output spatial modes of a beam splitter
when both inputs are simultaneously fed with indistinguishable weak coherent
states. We simulate and experimentally validate the probability of generation
of random bits as a function of the average photon number per input, and
compare it to the traditional approach of a single weak coherent state
transmitted through a beam-splitter, showing an improvement of up to 32\%. The
ensuing interference phenomenon reduces the probability of coincident counts
between the detectors associated with bits 0 and 1, thus increasing the
probability of occurrence of a valid output. A long bit string is assessed by a
standard randomness test suite with good confidence. Our proposal can be easily
implemented and opens attractive performance gains without a significant
trade-off.


title: An Oka principle for Stein G-manifolds

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a reductive complex Lie group acting holomorphically on Stein
manifolds $X$ and $Y$. Let $p_X\colon X\to Q_X$ and $p_Y\colon Y\to Q_Y$ be the
quotient mappings. Assume that we have a biholomorphism $Q:= Q_X\to Q_Y$ and an
open cover $\{U_i\}$ of $Q$ and $G$-biholomorphisms $\Phi_i\colon
p_X^{-1}(U_i)\to p_Y^{-1}(U_i)$ inducing the identity on $U_i$. There is a
sheaf of groups $\mathcal A$ on $Q$ such that the isomorphism classes of all
possible $Y$ is the cohomology set $H^1(Q,\mathcal A)$. The main question we
address is to what extent $H^1(Q,\mathcal A)$ contains only topological
information. For example, if $G$ acts freely on $X$ and $Y$, then $X$ and $Y$
are principal $G$-bundles over $Q$, and Grauert's Oka Principle says that the
set of isomorphism classes of holomorphic principal $G$-bundles over $Q$ is
canonically the same as the set of isomorphism classes of topological principal
$G$-bundles over $Q$. We investigate to what extent we have an Oka principle
for $H^1(Q,\mathcal A)$.


title: Short Zero-Sum Sequences Over Abelian $p$-Groups of Large Exponent

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a finite abelian group with exponent $n$. Let $\eta(G)$ denote the
smallest integer $\ell$ such that every sequence over $G$ of length at least
$\ell$ has a zero-sum subsequence of length at most $n$. We determine the
precise value of $\eta(G)$ when $G$ is a $p$-group whose Davenport constant is
at most $2n-1$. This confirms one of the equalities in a conjecture by Schmid
and Zhuang from 2010.


title:
A Comprehensive Study of Hydrogen Adsorbing to Amorphous Water-Ice:
  Defining Adsorption in Classical Molecular Dynamics

abstract:
  Gas-grain and gas-phase reactions dominate the formation of molecules in the
interstellar medium (ISM). Gas-grain reactions require a substrate (e.g. a dust
or ice grain) on which the reaction is able to occur. The formation of
molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) in the ISM is the prototypical example of a
gas-grain reaction. In these reactions, an atom of hydrogen will strike a
surface, stick to it, and diffuse across it. When it encounters another
adsorbed hydrogen atom, the two can react to form molecular hydrogen and then
be ejected from the surface by the energy released in the reaction. We perform
in-depth classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of hydrogen atoms
interacting with an amorphous water-ice surface. This study focuses on the
first step in the formation process; the sticking of the hydrogen atom to the
substrate. We find that careful attention must be paid in dealing with the
ambiguities in defining a sticking event. The technical definition of a
sticking event will affect the computed sticking probabilities and
coefficients. Here, using our new definition of a sticking event, we report
sticking probabilities and sticking coefficients for nine different incident
kinetic energies of hydrogen atoms [5 K - 400 K] across seven different
temperatures of dust grains [10 K - 70 K]. We find that probabilities and
coefficients vary both as a function of grain temperature and incident kinetic
energy over the range of 0.99 - 0.22.


title: Multi-stage Object Detection with Group Recursive Learning

abstract:
  Most of existing detection pipelines treat object proposals independently and
predict bounding box locations and classification scores over them separately.
However, the important semantic and spatial layout correlations among proposals
are often ignored, which are actually useful for more accurate object
detection. In this work, we propose a new EM-like group recursive learning
approach to iteratively refine object proposals by incorporating such context
of surrounding proposals and provide an optimal spatial configuration of object
detections. In addition, we propose to incorporate the weakly-supervised object
segmentation cues and region-based object detection into a multi-stage
architecture in order to fully exploit the learned segmentation features for
better object detection in an end-to-end way. The proposed architecture
consists of three cascaded networks which respectively learn to perform
weakly-supervised object segmentation, object proposal generation and recursive
detection refinement. Combining the group recursive learning and the
multi-stage architecture provides competitive mAPs of 78.6% and 74.9% on the
PASCAL VOC2007 and VOC2012 datasets respectively, which outperforms many
well-established baselines [10] [20] significantly.


title: Reverse mathematics of the relativised fast growing hierarchy

abstract:
  A short note on the reverse mathematical status of the totality of the
relativised fast growing hierarchy.


title: Turbulent dynamo in a conducting fluid and partially ionized gas

abstract:
  By following the Kazantsev theory and taking into account both microscopic
and turbulent diffusion of magnetic fields, we develop a unified treatment of
the kinematic and nonlinear stages of turbulent dynamo, and study the dynamo
process for a full range of magnetic Prandtl number Pm and ionization
fractions. We find a striking similarity between the dependence of dynamo
behavior on Pm in a conducting fluid and R (a function of ionization fraction)
in partially ionized gas. In a weakly ionized medium, the kinematic stage is
largely extended, including not only exponential growth but a new regime of
dynamo characterized by linear-in-time growth of magnetic field strength, and
the resulting magnetic energy is much higher than the kinetic energy carried by
viscous-scale eddies. Unlike the kinematic stage, the subsequent nonlinear
stage is unaffected by microscopic diffusion processes and has a universal
linear-in-time growth of magnetic energy with the growth rate as a constant
fraction $3/38$ of the turbulent energy transfer rate, showing good agreement
with earlier numerical results. Applying the analysis to the first stars and
galaxies, we find that the kinematic stage is able to generate a field strength
only an order of magnitude smaller than the final saturation value. But the
generation of large-scale magnetic fields can only be accounted for by the
relatively inefficient nonlinear stage and requires longer time than the
free-fall time. It suggests that magnetic fields may not have played a
dynamically important role during the formation of the first stars.


title: Semi-steady non-commutative crepant resolutions via regular dimer models

abstract:
  A consistent dimer model gives a non-commutative crepant resolution (= NCCR)
of a $3$-dimensional Gorenstein toric singularity. In particular, it is known
that a consistent dimer model gives a nice class of NCCRs called steady if and
only if it is homotopy equivalent to a regular hexagonal dimer model. Inspired
by this result, we introduce the notion of semi-steady NCCRs, and show a
consistent dimer model gives a semi-steady NCCR if and only if it is homotopy
equivalent to a regular dimer model.


title:
Fluctuations of Rectangular Young Diagrams of Interlacing Wigner
  Eigenvalues

abstract:
  We prove a new CLT for the difference of linear eigenvalue statistics of a
Wigner random matrix $H$ and its minor $\hat H$ and find that the fluctuation
is much smaller than the fluctuations of the individual linear statistics, as a
consequence of the strong correlation between the eigenvalues of $H$ and $\hat
H$. In particular our theorem identifies the fluctuation of Kerov's rectangular
Young diagrams, defined by the interlacing eigenvalues of $H$ and $\hat H$,
around their asymptotic shape, the Vershik-Kerov-Logan-Shepp curve. This result
demonstrates yet another aspect of the close connection between random matrix
theory and Young diagrams equipped with the Plancherel measure known from
representation theory. For the latter a CLT has been obtained in [18] which is
structurally similar to our result but the variance is different, indicating
that the analogy between the two models has its limitations. Moreover, our
theorem shows that Borodin's result [7] on the convergence of the spectral
distribution of Wigner matrices to a Gaussian free field also holds in
derivative sense.


title:
Strain-induced Isostructural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Monolayer
  MoN$_2$

abstract:
  The change of bonding status, typically occurring only in chemical processes,
could dramatically alter the material properties. Here, we show that a tunable
breaking and forming of a diatomic bond can be achieved through physical means,
i.e., by a moderate biaxial strain, in the newly discovered MoN$_2$
two-dimensional (2D) material. Based on first-principles calculations, we
predict that as the lattice parameter is increased under strain, there exists
an isostructural phase transition at which the N-N distance has a sudden drop,
corresponding to the transition from a N-N nonbonding state to a N-N single
bond state. Remarkably, the bonding change also induces a magnetic phase
transition, during which the magnetic moments transfer from the N(2p)
sublattice to the Mo(4d) sublattice, meanwhile the type of magnetic coupling is
changed from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic. We provide a physical picture
for understanding these striking effects. The discovery is not only of great
scientific interest in exploring unusual phase transitions in low-dimensional
systems, but it also reveals the great potential of the 2D MoN$_2$ material in
the nanoscale mechanical, electronic, and spintronic applications.


title:
On Structure of cluster algebras of geometric type, II: Green's
  equivalences and paunched surfaces

abstract:
  Following our previous work [18], we introduce the notions of partial seed
homomorphisms and partial ideal rooted cluster morphisms. Related to the theory
of Green's equivalences, the isomorphism classes of sub-rooted cluster algebras
of a rooted cluster algebra are corresponded one-by-one to the regular
$\mathcal D$-classes of the semigroup consisting of partial seed endomorphisms
of the initial seed. Moreover, for a rooted cluster algebra from a Riemannian
surface, they are also corresponded to the isomorphism classes of the so-called
paunched surfaces.


title: Time scales and species coexistence in chaotic flows

abstract:
  Empirical observations in marine ecosystems have suggested a balance of
biological and advection time scales as a possible explanation of species
coexistence. To characterise this scenario, we measure the time to fixation in
neutrally evolving populations in chaotic flows. Contrary to intuition the
variation of time scales does not interpolate straightforwardly between the
no-flow and well-mixed limits; instead we find that fixation is the slowest at
intermediate Damk\"ohler numbers, indicating long-lasting coexistence of
species. Our analysis shows that this slowdown is due to spatial organisation
on an increasingly modularised network. We also find that diffusion can either
slow down or speed up fixation, depending on the relative time scales of flow
and evolution.


title:
AID: A Benchmark Dataset for Performance Evaluation of Aerial Scene
  Classification

abstract:
  Aerial scene classification, which aims to automatically label an aerial
image with a specific semantic category, is a fundamental problem for
understanding high-resolution remote sensing imagery. In recent years, it has
become an active task in remote sensing area and numerous algorithms have been
proposed for this task, including many machine learning and data-driven
approaches. However, the existing datasets for aerial scene classification like
UC-Merced dataset and WHU-RS19 are with relatively small sizes, and the results
on them are already saturated. This largely limits the development of scene
classification algorithms. This paper describes the Aerial Image Dataset (AID):
a large-scale dataset for aerial scene classification. The goal of AID is to
advance the state-of-the-arts in scene classification of remote sensing images.
For creating AID, we collect and annotate more than ten thousands aerial scene
images. In addition, a comprehensive review of the existing aerial scene
classification techniques as well as recent widely-used deep learning methods
is given. Finally, we provide a performance analysis of typical aerial scene
classification and deep learning approaches on AID, which can be served as the
baseline results on this benchmark.


title: Optical quorum cycles for efficient communication

abstract:
  Many optical networks face heterogeneous communication requests requiring
topologies to be efficient and fault tolerant. For efficiency and distributed
control, it is common in distributed systems and algorithms to group nodes into
intersecting sets referred to as quorum sets. We show efficiency and
distributed control can also be accomplished in optical network routing by
applying the same established quorum set theory. Cycle-based optical network
routing, whether using SONET rings or p-cycles, provides the sufficient
reliability in the network. Light-trails forming a cycle allow broadcasts
within a cycle to be used for efficient multicasts. Cyclic quorum sets also
have all pairs of nodes occurring in one or more quorums, so efficient,
arbitrary unicast communication can occur between any two nodes. Efficient
broadcasts to all network nodes are possible by a node broadcasting to all
quorum cycles to which it belongs (O(sqrt(N))). In this paper, we propose
applying the distributed efficiency of the quorum sets to routing optical
cycles based on light-trails. With this new method of topology construction,
unicast and multicast communication requests do not need to be known or even
modeled a priori. Additionally, in the presence of network link faults, greater
than 99 % average coverage enables the continued operation of nearly all
arbitrary unicast and multicast requests in the network. Finally, to further
improve the fault coverage, an augmentation to the ECBRA cycle finding
algorithm is proposed.


title: P_3-Games

abstract:
  Without further ado, we present the P_3-game. The P_3-game is decidable for
elementary classes of graphs such as paths and cycles. From an algorithmic
point of view, the connected P_3-game is fascinating. We show that the
connected P_3-game is polynomially decidable for classes such as trees, chordal
graphs, ladders, cacti, outerplanar graphs and circular arc graphs.


title:
Resource efficient redundancy using quorum-based cycle routing in
  optical networks

abstract:
  In this paper we propose a cycle redundancy technique that provides optical
networks almost fault-tolerant point-to-point and multipoint-to-multipoint
communications. The technique more importantly is shown to approximately halve
the necessary light-trail resources in the network while maintaining the
fault-tolerance and dependability expected from cycle-based routing. For
efficiency and distributed control, it is common in distributed systems and
algorithms to group nodes into intersecting sets referred to as quorum sets.
Optimal communication quorum sets forming optical cycles based on light-trails
have been shown to flexibly and efficiently route both point-to-point and
multipoint-to-multipoint traffic requests. Commonly cycle routing techniques
will use pairs of cycles to achieve both routing and fault-tolerance, which
uses substantial resources and creates the potential for underutilization.
Instead, we intentionally utilize redundancy within the quorum cycles for
fault-tolerance such that almost every point-to-point communication occurs in
more than one cycle. The result is a set of cycles with 96.60% - 99.37% fault
coverage, while using 42.9% - 47.18% fewer resources.


title:
First-principles Study on Structural, Thermal, Mechanical and Dynamic
  Stability of T'-MoS$_2$

abstract:
  Using first-principles density functional theory calculations, we investigate
the structure, stability, optical modes and electronic band gap of a distorted
tetragonal MoS$_2$ monolayer (T'-MoS$_2$). Our simulated scanning tunnel
microscopy (STM) images of T'-MoS$_2$ are dramatically similar with those STM
images which were identified as K$_{x}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{y}$MoS$_{2}$ from a
previous experimental study. This similarity suggests that T'-MoS$_2$ might
have already been observed in experiment but was unexpectedly misidentified.
Furthermore, we verify the stability of T'-MoS$_2$ from thermal, mechanical and
dynamic aspects, by \emph{ab initio} molecular dynamics simulation, elastic
constants evaluation and phonon band structure calculation based on density
functional perturbation theory, respectively. In addition, we calculate the
eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors of the optical modes of T'-MoS$_2$ at
$\Gamma$ point and distinguish their Raman and infrared activity by pointing
out their irreducible representations using group theory; at the same time, we
compare the Raman modes of T'-MoS$_2$ with those of H-MoS$_2$ and T-MoS$_2$.
Our results provide a useful guidance for further experimental identification
and characterization of T'-MoS$_2$.


title: Enhancing fault tolerance capabilities in quorum-based cycle routing

abstract:
  In this paper we propose a generalized R redundancy cycle technique that
provides optical networks almost fault-tolerant communications. More
importantly, when applied using only single cycles rather than the standard
paired cycles, the generalized R redundancy technique is shown to almost halve
the necessary light-trail resources in the network while maintaining the
fault-tolerance and dependability expected from cycle-based routing. For
efficiency and distributed control, it is common in distributed systems and
algorithms to group nodes into intersecting sets referred to as quorum sets.
Optimal communication quorum sets forming optical cycles based on light-trails
have been shown to flexibly and efficiently route both point-to-point and
multipoint-to-multipoint traffic requests. Commonly cycle routing techniques
will use pairs of cycles to achieve both routing and fault-tolerance, which
uses substantial resources and creates the potential for underutilization.
Instead, we intentionally utilize R redundancy within the quorum cycles for
fault-tolerance such that every point-to-point communication pairs occur in at
least R cycles. The result is a set of R = 3 redundant cycles with 93.23-99.34%
fault coverage even with two simultaneous faults all while using 38.85-42.39%
fewer resources.


title: Approximate Bayesian Computation via Sufficient Dimension Reduction

abstract:
  Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) has gained popularity in recent years
owing to its easy implementation, nice interpretation and good performance. Its
advantages are more visible when one encounters complex models where maximum
likelihood estimation as well as Bayesian analysis via Markov chain Monte Carlo
demand prohibitively large amount of time. This paper examines properties of
ABC both from a theoretical as well as from a computational point of view.We
consolidate the ABC theory by proving theorems related to its limiting
behaviour. In particular, we consider partial posteriors, which serve as the
first step towards approximating the full posteriors. Also, a new
semi-automatic algorithm of ABC is proposed using sufficient dimension
reduction (SDR) method. SDR has primarily surfaced in the frequentist
literature. But we have demonstrated in this paper that it has connections with
ABC as well.


title:
Scaling Distributed All-Pairs Algorithms: Manage Computation and Limit
  Data Replication with Quorums

abstract:
  In this paper we propose and prove that cyclic quorum sets can efficiently
manage all-pairs computations and data replication. The quorums are
O(N/sqrt(P)) in size, up to 50% smaller than the dual N/sqrt(P) array
implementations, and significantly smaller than solutions requiring all data.
Implementation evaluation demonstrated scalability on real datasets with a 7x
speed up on 8 nodes with 1/3rd the memory usage per process. The all-pairs
problem requires all data elements to be paired with all other data elements.
These all-pair problems occur in many science fields, which has led to their
continued interest. Additionally, as datasets grow in size, new methods like
these that can reduce memory footprints and distribute work equally across
compute nodes will be demanded.


title:
Large excursions and conditioned laws for recursive sequences generated
  by random matrices

abstract:
  We determine the large exceedance probabilities and large exceedance paths
for the matrix recursive sequence $V_n = M_n V_{n-1} + Q_n, \: n=1,2,\ldots,$
where $\{M_n\}$ is an i.i.d. sequence of $d \times d$ random matrices and $\{
Q_n\}$ is an i.i.d. sequence of random vectors, both with nonnegative entries.
Early work on this problem dates to Kesten's (1973) seminal paper, motivated by
an application to multi-type branching processes. Other applications arise in
financial time series modeling (connected to the study of the GARCH($p,q$)
processes) and in physics, and this recursive sequence has also been the focus
of extensive work in the recent probability literature. In this work, we
characterize the distribution of the first passage time $T_u^A := \inf \{n: V_n
\in u A \}$, where $A$ is a subset of the nonnegative quadrant in ${\mathbb
R}^d$, showing that $T_u^A/u^\alpha$ converges to an exponential law. In the
process, we also revisit and refine Kesten's classical estimate, showing that
if $V$ has the stationary distribution of $\{ V_n \}$, then ${\mathbb P} \left(
V \in uA \right) \sim C_A u^{-\alpha}$ as $u \to \infty$, providing, most
importantly, a new characterization of the constant $C_A$. Finally, we describe
the large exceedance paths via two conditioned limit laws. In the first, we
show that conditioned on a large exceedance, the process $\{ V_n\}$ follows an
exponentially-shifted Markov random walk, which we identify, thereby
generalizing results for classical random walk to matrix recursive sequences.
In the second, we characterize the empirical distribution of $\{ \log |V_n| -
\log |V_{n-1}| \}$ prior to a large exceedance, showing that this distribution
converges to the stationary law of the exponentially-shifted Markov random
walk.


title:
Multi-Operator Spectrum Sharing for Small Cell Networks : A Matching
  Game Perspective

abstract:
  One of the many problems faced by current cellular network technology is the
under utilization of the dedicated, licensed spectrum of network operators. An
emerging paradigm to solve this issue is to allow multiple operators to share
some parts of each others' spectrum. Previous works on spectrum sharing have
failed to integrate the theoretical insights provided by recent developments in
stochastic geometrical approaches to cellular network analysis with the
objectives of network resource allocation problems. In this paper, we study the
non-orthogonal spectrum assignment with the goal of maximizing the social
welfare of the network, defined as the expected weighted sum rate of the
operators. We adopt the many-to-one stable matching game framework to tackle
this problem. Moreover, using the stochastic geometrical approach, we show that
its solution can be both stable as well as socially optimal. This allows for
computation of the game theoretical solution using generic Markov Chain Monte
Carlo method. We also investigate the role of power allocation schemes using
Q-learning, and we numerically show that the effect of resource allocation
scheme is much more significant than the effect of power allocation for the
social welfare of the system.


title:
Deeply-Supervised Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network for Saliency
  Detection

abstract:
  This paper proposes a novel saliency detection method by developing a
deeply-supervised recurrent convolutional neural network (DSRCNN), which
performs a full image-to-image saliency prediction. For saliency detection, the
local, global, and contextual information of salient objects is important to
obtain a high quality salient map. To achieve this goal, the DSRCNN is designed
based on VGGNet-16. Firstly, the recurrent connections are incorporated into
each convolutional layer, which can make the model more powerful for learning
the contextual information. Secondly, side-output layers are added to conduct
the deeply-supervised operation, which can make the model learn more
discriminative and robust features by effecting the intermediate layers.
Finally, all of the side-outputs are fused to integrate the local and global
information to get the final saliency detection results. Therefore, the DSRCNN
combines the advantages of recurrent convolutional neural networks and
deeply-supervised nets. The DSRCNN model is tested on five benchmark datasets,
and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly
outperforms the state-of-the-art saliency detection approaches on all test
datasets.


title: Automorphism groups of quandles arising from groups

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a group and $\varphi \in \Aut(G)$. Then the set $G$ equipped with
the binary operation $a*b=\varphi(ab^{-1})b$ gives a quandle structure on $G$,
denoted by $\Alex(G, \varphi)$ and called the generalised Alexander quandle.
When $G$ is additive abelian and $\varphi = -\id_G$, then $\Alex(G, \varphi)$
is the well-known Takasaki quandle. In this paper, we determine the group of
automorphisms and inner automorphisms of Takasaki quandles of abelian groups
with no 2-torsion, and Alexander quandles of finite abelian groups with respect
to fixed-point free automorphisms. As an application, we prove that if $G\cong
(\mathbb{Z}/p \mathbb{Z})^n$ and $\varphi$ is multiplication by a non-trivial
unit of $\mathbb{Z}/p \mathbb{Z}$, then $\Aut\big(\Alex(G, \varphi)\big)$ acts
doubly transitively on $\Alex(G, \varphi)$. This generalises a recent result of
\cite{Ferman} for quandles of prime order.


title:
Improving the Efficiency of DAMAS for Sound Source Localization via
  Wavelet Compression Computational Grid

abstract:
  Phased microphone arrays are used widely in the applications for acoustic
source localization. Deconvolution approaches such as DAMAS successfully
overcome the spatial resolution limit of the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS)
beamforming method. However deconvolution approaches require high computational
effort compared to conventional DAS beamforming method. This paper presents a
novel method that serves to improve the efficiency of DAMAS via wavelet
compression computational grid rather than via optimizing DAMAS algorithm. In
this method, the efficiency of DAMAS increases with compression ratio. This
method can thus save lots of run time in industrial applications for sound
source localization, particularly when sound sources are just located in a
small extent compared with scanning plane and a band of angular frequency needs
to be calculated. In addition, this method largely retains the spatial
resolution of DAMAS on original computational grid, although with a minor
deficiency that the occurrence probability of aliasing increasing slightly for
complicated sound source.


title: A Holistic Approach for Data-Driven Object Cutout

abstract:
  Object cutout is a fundamental operation for image editing and manipulation,
yet it is extremely challenging to automate it in real-world images, which
typically contain considerable background clutter. In contrast to existing
cutout methods, which are based mainly on low-level image analysis, we propose
a more holistic approach, which considers the entire shape of the object of
interest by leveraging higher-level image analysis and learnt global shape
priors. Specifically, we leverage a deep neural network (DNN) trained for
objects of a particular class (chairs) for realizing this mechanism. Given a
rectangular image region, the DNN outputs a probability map (P-map) that
indicates for each pixel inside the rectangle how likely it is to be contained
inside an object from the class of interest. We show that the resulting P-maps
may be used to evaluate how likely a rectangle proposal is to contain an
instance of the class, and further process good proposals to produce an
accurate object cutout mask. This amounts to an automatic end-to-end pipeline
for catergory-specific object cutout. We evaluate our approach on segmentation
benchmark datasets, and show that it significantly outperforms the
state-of-the-art on them.


title:
Driving force for martensitic transformation in
  Ni$_{2}$Mn$_{1+x}$Sn$_{1-x}$

abstract:
  The martensitic transformation in Ni$_{2}$Mn$_{1+x}$Sn$_{1-x}$ alloys has
been investigated within ab-initio density functional theory. The experimental
trend of a martensitic transition happening beyond $x$ = 0.36 is captured
within these calculations. The microscopic considerations leading to this are
traced to increased Ni-Mn hybridization which results from the Ni atom
experiencing a resultant force along a lattice parameter and moving towards the
Mn atoms above a critical concentration. The presence of the lone pair
electrons on Sn forces the movement of Ni atoms away from Sn. While band Jahn
Teller effects have been associated with this transition, we show
quantitatively that atleast in this class of compounds they have a minor role.


title:
A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Estimating Individualized
  Treatment-Response Curves

abstract:
  We study the problem of estimating the continuous response over time to
interventions using observational time series---a retrospective dataset where
the policy by which the data are generated is unknown to the learner. We are
motivated by applications where response varies by individuals and therefore,
estimating responses at the individual-level is valuable for personalizing
decision-making. We refer to this as the problem of estimating individualized
treatment response (ITR) curves. In statistics, G-computation formula (Robins,
1986) has been commonly used for estimating treatment responses from
observational data containing sequential treatment assignments. However, past
studies have focused predominantly on obtaining point-in-time estimates at the
population level. We leverage the G-computation formula and develop a novel
Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) method that can flexibly model functional data and
provide posterior inference over the treatment response curves at both the
individual and population level. On a challenging dataset containing time
series from patients admitted to a hospital, we estimate responses to
treatments used in managing kidney function and show that the resulting fits
are more accurate than alternative approaches. Accurate methods for obtaining
ITRs from observational data can dramatically accelerate the pace at which
personalized treatment plans become possible.


title:
Harmonic-seeded resonant Raman amplification in strong-field ionized
  nitrogen molecules

abstract:
  Generation of free-space laser-like emissions of high spatiotemporal
coherence and narrow bandwidth in atmosphere opens promising opportunities for
remote spectroscopic sensing. Here, we report on generation of such laser-like
emissions, which results from the combined contributions of perturbative and
non-perturbative nonlinear optical effects in nitrogen molecules exposed to
intense mid-infrared laser fields. We systematically investigate the dependence
of the generated free-space laser spectrum on wavelength and power of the
driver laser. It is revealed that the free-space laser is produced by resonant
Raman amplification of the fifth harmonic of the driver pulses in rotational
wavepacket of the molecular nitrogen ions.


title:
Constraining the X-ray AGN halo occupation distribution: implications
  for eROSITA

abstract:
  The X-ray emission from active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a major component of
extragalactic X-ray sky. In this paper, we use the X-ray luminosity function
(XLF) and halo occupation distribution (HOD) formalism to construct a halo
model for the X-ray emission from AGNs. Verifying that the two inputs (XLF and
HOD) are in agreement with each other, we compute the auto-correlation power
spectrum in the soft X-ray band (0.5-2 keV) due to the AGNs potentially
resolved by eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array)
mission and explore the redshift and mass dependence of the power spectrum.
Studying the relative contribution of the Poisson and the clustering terms to
the total power, we find that at multipoles $l\lesssim 1000$ (i.e. large
scales), the clustering term is larger than the Poisson term. We also forecast
the potential of X-ray auto-correlation power spectrum and X-ray-lensing
cross-correlation power spectrum using eROSITA and eROSITA-LSST (Large Synoptic
Survey Telescope) surveys, respectively, to constrain the HOD parameters and
their redshift evolution. In addition, we compute the power spectrum of the
AGNs lying below the flux resolution limit of eROSITA, which is essential to
understand in order to extract the X-ray signal from the hot diffuse gas
present in galaxies and clusters.


title:
Individual External Dose Monitoring of All Citizens of Date City by
  Passive Dosimeter 5 to 51 Months After the Fukushima NPP Accident (series):
  1. Comparison of Individual Dose with Ambient Dose Rate Monitored by Aircraft
  Surveys

abstract:
  Date City in Fukushima Prefecture has conducted a population-wide individual
dose monitoring program after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Accident, which provides a unique and comprehensive data set of the individual
doses of citizens. The purpose of this paper, the first in the series, is to
establish a method for estimating effective doses based on the available
ambient dose rate survey data. We thus examined the relationship between the
individual external doses and the corresponding ambient doses assessed from
airborne surveys. The results show that the individual doses were about 0.15
times the ambient doses, the coefficient of 0.15 being a factor of 4 smaller
than the value employed by the Japanese government, throughout the period of
the airborne surveys used. The method obtained in this study could aid in the
prediction of individual doses in the early phase of future radiological
accidents involving large-scale contamination.


title:
Saliency Detection via Combining Region-Level and Pixel-Level
  Predictions with CNNs

abstract:
  This paper proposes a novel saliency detection method by combining
region-level saliency estimation and pixel-level saliency prediction with CNNs
(denoted as CRPSD). For pixel-level saliency prediction, a fully convolutional
neural network (called pixel-level CNN) is constructed by modifying the VGGNet
architecture to perform multi-scale feature learning, based on which an
image-to-image prediction is conducted to accomplish the pixel-level saliency
detection. For region-level saliency estimation, an adaptive superpixel based
region generation technique is first designed to partition an image into
regions, based on which the region-level saliency is estimated by using a CNN
model (called region-level CNN). The pixel-level and region-level saliencies
are fused to form the final salient map by using another CNN (called fusion
CNN). And the pixel-level CNN and fusion CNN are jointly learned. Extensive
quantitative and qualitative experiments on four public benchmark datasets
demonstrate that the proposed method greatly outperforms the state-of-the-art
saliency detection approaches.


title: Blockchain in internet of things: Challenges and Solutions

abstract:
  The Internet of Things IoT is experiencing exponential growth in research and
industry, but it still suffers from privacy and security vulnerabilities.
Conventional security and privacy approaches tend to be inapplicable for IoT,
mainly due to its decentralized topology and the resource-constraints of the
majority of its devices. BlockChain BC that underpin the crypto-currency
Bitcoin have been recently used to provide security and privacy in peer-to-peer
networks with similar topologies to IoT. However, BCs are computationally
expensive and involve high bandwidth overhead and delays, which are not
suitable for IoT devices. This position paper proposes a new secure, private,
and lightweight architecture for IoT, based on BC technology that eliminates
the overhead of BC while maintaining most of its security and privacy benefits.
The described method is investigated on a smart home application as a
representative case study for broader IoT applications. The proposed
architecture is hierarchical, and consists of smart homes, an overlay network
and cloud storages coordinating data transactions with BC to provide privacy
and security. Our design uses different types of BCs depending on where in the
network hierarchy a transaction occurs, and uses distributed trust methods to
ensure a decentralized topology. Qualitative evaluation of the architecture
under common threat models highlights its effectiveness in providing security
and privacy for IoT applications.


title:
Quantum Entanglement Distribution in Next-Generation Wireless
  Communication Systems

abstract:
  In this work we analyze the distribution of quantum entanglement over
communication channels in the millimeter-wave regime. The motivation for such a
study is the possibility for next-generation wireless networks (beyond 5G) to
accommodate such a distribution directly - without the need to integrate
additional optical communication hardware into the transceivers. Future
wireless communication systems are bound to require some level of quantum
communications capability. We find that direct quantum-entanglement
distribution in the millimeter-wave regime is indeed possible, but that its
implementation will be very demanding from both a system-design perspective and
a channel-requirement perspective.


title: Random Field Theories in The Mirror Quintic Moduli Space

abstract:
  We investigate the distribution of field theories that arise from the low
energy limit of flux vacua built on type IIB string theory compactified on the
mirror quintic. For a large collection of these models, we numerically
determine the distribution of Taylor coefficients in a polynomial expansion of
each model's scalar potential to fourth order, and show that they differ
significantly from potentials generated by random choices of such coefficients
over a flat measure.


title: The Detached Eclipsing Binary KV29 and the Age of the Open Cluster M11

abstract:
  We present an extensive set of photometry and radial velocities for the
detached eclipsing binary KV 29 in the intermediate-aged open cluster M11 (NGC
6705). Spectroscopy shows that the system is double-lined and all available
evidence (proper motion, photometry, and position on the CMD) indicates it is a
member of the cluster. We find the period of the binary to be
$4.64276\pm0.00001$ days. We find masses $3.604^{+0.002}_{-0.011}M_\odot$ and
$1.837^{+0.001}_{-0.006}M_\odot$, and radii $5.392^{+0.018}_{-0.035}R_\odot$
and $1.656^{+0.007}_{-0.044}R_\odot$ for the primary and secondary stars,
respectively. Because the primary star in the binary is rapidly evolving and is
brighter than the cluster turnoff in a color-magnitude diagram, the measurement
of its radius leads to a strong constraint on the cluster age. We find the age
of M11 to be $222^{+2}_{-3}\pm15$ Myr, where the quoted uncertainties come from
statistical errors in the calculated masses and radii, and systematic
uncertainties due to the ambiguity of the metallicity of the open cluster and
variations within the isochrone models concerning heavy elements and convective
overshooting.


title: The spherical Brazil Nut Effect and its significance to asteroids

abstract:
  Many asteroids are likely rubble-piles that are a collection of smaller
objects held together by gravity and possibly cohesion. These asteroids are
seismically shaken by impacts, which leads to excitation of their constituent
particles. As a result it has been suggested that their surfaces and
sub-surface interiors may be governed by a size sorting mechanism known as the
Brazil Nut Effect. We study the behavior of a model asteroid that is a
spherical, self-gravitating aggregate with a binary size-distribution of
particles under the action of applied seismic shaking. We find that above a
seismic threshold, larger particles rise to the surface when friction is
present, in agreement with previous studies that focussed on cylindrical and
rectangular box configurations. Unlike previous works we also find that size
sorting takes place even with zero friction, though the presence of friction
does aid the sorting process above the seismic threshold. Additionally we find
that while strong size sorting can take place near the surface, the innermost
regions remain unsorted under even the most vigorous shaking.


title: Maximal isospin few-body systems of nucleons and $\Xi$ hyperons

abstract:
  By using local central Yukawa-type interactions that reproduce the low-energy
parameters of the latest updates of the Nijmegen ESC08c potentials we show that
the $N\Xi$, $NN\Xi$, $N\Xi\Xi$ and $NN\Xi\Xi$ systems with maximal isospin are
bound. Since in these states the strong decay $N\Xi\to\Lambda\Lambda$ is
forbidden by isospin conservation, these strange few-body systems will be
stable under the strong interaction. These results may suggest that other
states with different number of $N$'s and $\Xi$'s in the maximal isospin
channel could also be bound.


title:
The probability of nonexistence of a subgraph in a moderately sparse
  random graph

abstract:
  We develop a general procedure that finds recursions for statistics counting
isomorphic copies of a graph $G_0$ in the common random graph models ${\cal
G}(n,m)$ and ${\cal G}(n,p)$. Our results apply when the average degrees of the
random graphs are below the threshold at which each edge is included in a copy
of $G_0$. This extends an argument given earlier by the second author for
$G_0=K_3$ with a more restricted range of average degree. For all strictly
balanced subgraphs $G_0$, our results gives much information on the
distribution of the number of copies of $G_0$ that are not in large "clusters"
of copies. The probability that a random graph in ${\cal G}(n,p)$ has no copies
of $G_0$ is shown to be given asymptotically by the exponential of a power
series in $n$ and $p$, over a fairly wide range of $p$. A corresponding result
is also given for ${\cal G}(n,m)$, which gives an asymptotic formula for the
number of graphs with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges and no copies of $G_0$, for the
applicable range of $m$. An example is given, computing the asymptotic
probability that a random graph has no triangles for $p=o(n^{-7/11})$ in ${\cal
G}(n,p)$ and for $m=o(n^{15/11})$ in ${\cal G}(n,m)$, extending results of the
second author.


title:
A hierarchical Bayesian approach for reconstructing the Initial Mass
  Function of Single Stellar Populations

abstract:
  Recent studies based on the integrated light of distant galaxies suggest that
the initial mass function (IMF) might not be universal. Variations of the IMF
with galaxy type and/or formation time may have important consequences for our
understanding of galaxy evolution. We have developed a new stellar population
synthesis (SPS) code specifically designed to reconstruct the IMF. We implement
a novel approach combining regularization with hierarchical Bayesian inference.
Within this approach we use a parametrized IMF prior to regulate a direct
inference of the IMF. This direct inference gives more freedom to the IMF and
allows the model to deviate from parametrized models when demanded by the data.
We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques to reconstruct the best
parameters for the IMF prior, the age, and the metallicity of a single stellar
population. We present our code and apply our model to a number of mock single
stellar populations with different ages, metallicities, and IMFs. When
systematic uncertainties are not significant, we are able to reconstruct the
input parameters that were used to create the mock populations. Our results
show that if systematic uncertainties do play a role, this may introduce a bias
on the results. Therefore, it is important to objectively compare different
ingredients of SPS models. Through its Bayesian framework, our model is
well-suited for this.


title: Amplitude determinant coupled cluster with pairwise doubles

abstract:
  Recently developed pair coupled cluster doubles (pCCD) theory successfully
reproduces doubly occupied configuration interaction (DOCI) with mean field
cost. However, the projective nature of pCCD makes the method non-variational
and thus hard to improve systematically. As a variational alternative, we
explore the idea of coupled-cluster-like expansions based on amplitude
determinants and develop a specific theory similar to pCCD based on
determinants of pairwise doubles. The new ansatz admits a variational treatment
through Monte Carlo methods while remaining size-consistent and, crucially,
polynomial cost. In the dissociations of LiH, HF, H2O and N2, the method
performs very similarly to pCCD and DOCI, suggesting that coupled-cluster-like
ansatzes and variational evaluation may not be mutually exclusive.


title:
A boundary integral method with volume-changing objects for
  ultrasound-triggered margination of microbubbles

abstract:
  A variety of numerical methods exist for the study of deformable particles in
dense suspensions. None of the standard tools, however, currently include
volume-changing objects such as oscillating microbubbles in three-dimensional
periodic domains. In the first part of this work, we develop a novel method to
include such entities based on the boundary integral method. We show that the
well-known boundary integral equation must be amended with two additional terms
containing the volume flux through the bubble surface. We rigorously prove the
existence and uniqueness of the solution. Our proof contains as a subset the
simpler boundary integral equation without volume-changing objects (such as red
blood cell or capsule suspensions) which is widely used but for which a formal
proof in periodic domains has not been published to date.
  In the second part, we apply our method to study microbubbles for targeted
drug delivery. The ideal drug delivery agent should stay away from the
biochemically active vessel walls during circulation. However, upon reaching
its target it should attain a near-wall position for efficient drug uptake.
Though seemingly contradictory, we show that lipid-coated microbubbles in
conjunction with a localized ultrasound pulse possess precisely these two
properties. This ultrasound-triggered margination is due to hydrodynamic
interactions between the red blood cells and the oscillating lipid-coated
microbubbles which alternate between a soft and a stiff state. We find that the
effect is very robust, existing even if the duration in the stiff state is more
than three times lower than the opposing time in the soft state.

categories: physics.bio-ph physics.comp-ph physics.flu-dyn physics.med-ph


title:
The origins of the research on the foundations of quantum mechanics (and
  other critical activities) in italy during the 1970s

abstract:
  We present a reconstruction of the studies on the Foundations of Quantum
Mechanics (FQM) carried out in Italy at the turn of the 1960s. Actually, they
preceded the revival of the interest of the American physicists towards the FQM
around mid-1970s, recently reconstructed by David Kaiser in a book of 2011. An
element common to both cases is the role played by the young generation, even
though the respective motivations were quite different. In the US they reacted
to research cuts after the war in Vietnam, and were inspired by the New Age
mood. In Italy the dissatisfaction of the young generations was rooted in the
student protests of 1968 and the subsequent labour and social fights, which
challenged the role of scientists. The young generations of physicists searched
for new scientific approaches and challenged their own scientific knowledge and
role. The criticism to the FQM and the perspectives of submitting them to
experimental tests were perceived as an innovative research field and this
attitude was directly linked to the search for an innovative and radical
approach in the history of science. All these initiatives gave rise to booming
activity throughout the 1970s, contributing to influence the scientific
attitude and the teaching approach.


title: A note on the derived category of Enriques surfaces in characteristic 2

abstract:
  We show that the (twisted) derived category "recognizes" the three different
kinds of Enriques surfaces in characteristic 2


title:
Production of nuclear sources and nuclear batteries by proton
  irradiation

abstract:
  The decay of instable nuclei is being used in a broad range of applications
from detector calibration to power sources. As the public acceptance of
classical fission nuclear technology is decaying and its integral costs are
enormous, alternative production routes are required. The mathematical
formalism and fundamental considerations are presented for the use of ion
accelerators for isotope production. A focus is put on the production of
nuclear power sources to substitute Pu-238 based batteries. 20 MeV protons are
found to produce {\alpha} emitting polonium isotopes from bismuth with an
energy efficiency of up to 0.031%. Some hours are required to produce a 1Wth
power source of the 2.9 year half-life {\alpha} emitter Po-208 with a suitable
accelerator. The accelerator approach offers more flexibility for tailoring of
nuclear products and less waste. The technical requirements are close to and
compatible with the planned International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility
accelerator


title:
Single-shot diffraction-limited imaging through scattering layers via
  bispectrum analysis

abstract:
  Recently introduced speckle-correlations based techniques enable noninvasive
imaging of objects hidden behind scattering layers. In these techniques the
hidden object Fourier amplitude is retrieved from the scattered light
autocorrelation, and the lost Fourier phase is recovered via iterative
phase-retrieval algorithms, which suffer from convergence to wrong local-minima
solutions and cannot solve ambiguities in object-orientation. Here, inspired by
notions used in astronomy, we experimentally demonstrate that in addition to
Fourier amplitude, the object phase information is naturally and inherently
encoded in scattered light bispectrum (the Fourier transform of
triple-correlation), and can also be extracted from a single high-resolution
speckle pattern, based on which we present a single-shot imaging scheme to
deterministically and unambiguously retrieve diffraction-limited images of
objects hidden behind scattering layers.


title: The Strong Decays of X(3940) and X(4160)

abstract:
  The new mesons $X(3940)$ and $X(4160)$ have been found by Belle Collaboration
in the processes $e^+e^-\to J/\psi D^{(*)}\bar D^{(*)}$. Considering $X(3940)$
and $X(4160)$ as $\eta_c(3S)$ and $\eta_c(4S)$ states, the two-body open charm
OZI-allowed strong decay of $\eta_c(3S)$ and $\eta_c(4S)$ are studied by the
improved Bethe-Salpeter method combine with the $^3P_0$ model. The strong decay
width of $\eta_c(3S)$ is $\Gamma_{\eta_c(3S)}=(33.5^{+18.4}_{-15.3})$ MeV,
which is closed to the result of $X(3940)$, therefore, $\eta_c(3S)$ is a good
candidate of $X(3940)$. The strong decay width of $\eta_c(4S)$ is
$\Gamma_{\eta_c(4S)}=(69.9^{+22.4}_{-21.1})$ MeV, considering the errors of the
results, it's closed to the lower limit of $X(4160)$. But the ratio of the
decay width $\frac{\Gamma(D\bar D^*)}{\Gamma (D^*\bar D^*)}$ of $\eta_c(4S)$ is
larger than the experimental data of $X(4160)$. According to the above
analysis, $\eta_c(4S)$ is not the candidate of $X(4160)$, and more
investigations of $X(4160)$ is needed.


title:
Colombeau algebra as a mathematical tool for investigating step load and
  step deformation of systems of nonlinear springs and dashpots

abstract:
  The response of mechanical systems composed of springs and dashpots to a step
input is of eminent interest in the applications. If the system is formed by
linear elements, then its response is governed by a system of linear ordinary
differential equations, and the mathematical method of choice for the analysis
of the response of such systems is the classical theory of distributions.
However, if the system contains nonlinear elements, then the classical theory
of distributions is of no use, since it is strictly limited to the linear
setting. Consequently, a question arises whether it is even possible or
reasonable to study the response of nonlinear systems to step inputs. The
answer is positive. A mathematical theory that can handle the challenge is the
so-called Colombeau algebra. Building on the abstract result by (Pr\r{u}\v{s}a
& Rajagopal 2016, Int. J. Non-Linear Mech) we show how to use the theory in the
analysis of response of a simple nonlinear mass--spring--dashpot system.


title: Seeing with Humans: Gaze-Assisted Neural Image Captioning

abstract:
  Gaze reflects how humans process visual scenes and is therefore increasingly
used in computer vision systems. Previous works demonstrated the potential of
gaze for object-centric tasks, such as object localization and recognition, but
it remains unclear if gaze can also be beneficial for scene-centric tasks, such
as image captioning. We present a new perspective on gaze-assisted image
captioning by studying the interplay between human gaze and the attention
mechanism of deep neural networks. Using a public large-scale gaze dataset, we
first assess the relationship between state-of-the-art object and scene
recognition models, bottom-up visual saliency, and human gaze. We then propose
a novel split attention model for image captioning. Our model integrates human
gaze information into an attention-based long short-term memory architecture,
and allows the algorithm to allocate attention selectively to both fixated and
non-fixated image regions. Through evaluation on the COCO/SALICON datasets we
show that our method improves image captioning performance and that gaze can
complement machine attention for semantic scene understanding tasks.


title: Refining Geometry from Depth Sensors using IR Shading Images

abstract:
  We propose a method to refine geometry of 3D meshes from a consumer level
depth camera, e.g. Kinect, by exploiting shading cues captured from an infrared
(IR) camera. A major benefit to using an IR camera instead of an RGB camera is
that the IR images captured are narrow band images that filter out most
undesired ambient light, which makes our system robust against natural indoor
illumination. Moreover, for many natural objects with colorful textures in the
visible spectrum, the subjects appear to have a uniform albedo in the IR
spectrum. Based on our analyses on the IR projector light of the Kinect, we
define a near light source IR shading model that describes the captured
intensity as a function of surface normals, albedo, lighting direction, and
distance between light source and surface points. To resolve the ambiguity in
our model between the normals and distances, we utilize an initial 3D mesh from
the Kinect fusion and multi-view information to reliably estimate surface
details that were not captured and reconstructed by the Kinect fusion. Our
approach directly operates on the mesh model for geometry refinement. We ran
experiments on our algorithm for geometries captured by both the Kinect I and
Kinect II, as the depth acquisition in Kinect I is based on a structured-light
technique and that of the Kinect II is based on a time-of-flight (ToF)
technology. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through several
challenging real-world examples. We have also performed a user study to
evaluate the quality of the mesh models before and after our refinements.


title: Tree-decomposable and Underconstrained Geometric Constraint Problems

abstract:
  In this paper, we are concerned with geometric constraint solvers, i.e., with
programs that find one or more solutions of a geometric constraint problem. If
no solution exists, the solver is expected to announce that no solution has
been found. Owing to the complexity, type or difficulty of a constraint
problem, it is possible that the solver does not find a solution even though
one may exist. Thus, there may be false negatives, but there should never be
false positives. Intuitively, the ability to find solutions can be considered a
measure of solver's competence. We consider static constraint problems and
their solvers. We do not consider dynamic constraint solvers, also known as
dynamic geometry programs, in which specific geometric elements are moved,
interactively or along prescribed trajectories, while continually maintaining
all stipulated constraints. However, if we have a solver for static constraint
problems that is sufficiently fast and competent, we can build a dynamic
geometry program from it by solving the static problem for a sufficiently dense
sampling of the trajectory of the moving element(s). The work we survey has its
roots in applications, especially in mechanical computer-aided design (MCAD).
The constraint solvers used in MCAD took a quantum leap in the 1990s. These
approaches solve a geometric constraint problem by an initial, graph-based
structural analysis that extracts generic subproblems and determines how they
would combine to form a complete solution. These subproblems are then handed to
an algebraic solver that solves the specific instances of the generic
subproblems and combines them.


title: Detecting Dynamical States from Noisy Time Series using Bicoherence

abstract:
  Deriving meaningful information from observational data is often restricted
by many limiting factors, the most important of which is the presence of noise.
In this work, we present the use of the bicoherence function to extract
information about the underlying nonlinearity from noisy time series. We show
that a system evolving in the presence of noise which has its dynamical state
concealed from quantifiers like the power spectrum and correlation dimension
D2, can be revealed using the bicoherence function. We define an index called
main peak bicoherence function as the bicoherence associated with the maximal
power spectral peak. We show that this index is extremely useful while dealing
with quasi-periodic data as it can distinguish strange non chaos from quasi
periodicity even with added noise. We demonstrate this in a real world
scenario, by taking the bicoherence of variable stars showing period doubling
and strange non-chaotic behavior. Our results indicate that bicoherence
analysis can also bypass the method of surrogate analysis using Fourier phase
randomization, used to differentiate linear stochastic processes from non
linear ones, in conventional methods involving measures like D2.


title: New physics contributions in $B\to\pi\tau\bar\nu$ and $B\to\tau\bar\nu$

abstract:
  We study possible new physics contributions in $B\to\pi\tau\bar\nu $ and
$B\to\tau\bar\nu$ employing the model-independent effective Lagrangian that
describes the quark-level transition $b \to u \tau\nu$ at low energies. The
decay rate of $B\to\pi\tau\bar\nu$ and its theoretical uncertainty are
evaluated using the $B\to\pi$ form factors given by recent lattice QCD studies.
Comparing theoretical results with the current experimental data,
$\mathcal{B}(B\to\pi\tau\bar\nu)<2.5\times 10^{-4}$ and
$\mathcal{B}(B\to\tau\bar\nu)=(1.14\pm 0.22)\times 10^{-4}$, we obtain
constraints on the Wilson coefficients that quantify potential new physics. We
also present the expected sensitivity of the SuperKEKB/Belle~II experiment.


title: Lattice Surgery Translation for Quantum Computation

abstract:
  In this paper we outline a method for a compiler to translate any non fault
tolerant quantum circuit to the geometric representation of the lattice surgery
error-correcting code using inherent merge and split operations. Since the
efficiency of state distillation procedures has not yet been investigated in
the lattice surgery model, their translation is given as an example using the
proposed method. The resource requirements seem comparable to the defect-based
state distillation process, but modularity and eventual implementability allow
the lattice surgery model to be an interesting alternative to braiding.


title:
Efficient Multi-Frequency Phase Unwrapping using Kernel Density
  Estimation

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce an efficient method to unwrap multi-frequency
phase estimates for time-of-flight ranging. The algorithm generates multiple
depth hypotheses and uses a spatial kernel density estimate (KDE) to rank them.
The confidence produced by the KDE is also an effective means to detect
outliers. We also introduce a new closed-form expression for phase noise
prediction, that better fits real data. The method is applied to depth decoding
for the Kinect v2 sensor, and compared to the Microsoft Kinect SDK and to the
open source driver libfreenect2. The intended Kinect v2 use case is scenes with
less than 8m range, and for such cases we observe consistent improvements,
while maintaining real-time performance. When extending the depth range to the
maximal value of 8.75m, we get about 52% more valid measurements than
libfreenect2. The effect is that the sensor can now be used in large depth
scenes, where it was previously not a good choice. Code and supplementary
material are available at
http://www.cvl.isy.liu.se/research/datasets/kinect2-dataset.


title:
Negative permittivity attests to local attractive interactions in bubble
  and stripe phases

abstract:
  The physics of itinerant electrons in condensed matter is by and large
governed by repulsive Coulomb forces. However, rare cases exist where local
attractive interactions emerge and prevail in determining the ground state of
the system despite the dominant Coulomb repulsion. The most notable example is
no doubt electron pairing, which leads to superconductivity and is mediated by
electron phonon coupling or more intricate mechanisms such as antiferromagnetic
spin order in high-temperature superconductors. The interplay of attractive and
repulsive interaction components may also instigate spontaneous symmetry
lowering and clustering of charges in geometric patterns such as bubbles and
stripes, provided these interactions act on different length scales. In
high-temperature superconductors, for instance, fluctuating stripe or nematic
ordering is intertwined with superconductivity itself. Both types of attractive
interaction based physics, pairing and charge ordering, are also at play in
high-quality two-dimensional electron systems exposed to a quantizing
perpendicular magnetic field for electrons describing larger orbits. This has
been concluded indirectly from the transport behaviour when such phases form.
An unambiguous manifestation of an underlying attractive interaction between
the electrons has however remained elusive. Here we report the observation of a
negative permittivity as an immediate consequence of local attractive
interaction rather than repulsion among the electrons when bubble and stripe
phases form. The implemented technique based on surface acoustic waves offers
directionality and confirms the stripe phase to be a strongly anisotropic
medium.


title:
Impact of Artificial Noise on Cellular Networks: A Stochastic Geometry
  Approach

abstract:
  This paper studies the impact of artificial noise (AN) on the secrecy
performance of a target cell in multi-cell cellular networks. Although AN turns
out to be an efficient approach for securing a pointto-point/single cell
confidential transmission, it would increase the inter-cell interference in a
multi-cell cellular network, which may degrade the network reliability and
secrecy performance. For analyzing the average secrecy performance of the
target cell which is of significant interest, we employ a hybrid cellular
deployment model, where the target cell is a circle of fixed size and the base
stations (BSs) outside the target cell are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson
point process (PPP). We investigate the impact of AN on the reliability and
security of users in the target cell in the presence of pilot contamination
using a stochastic geometry approach. The analytical results of the average
connection outage and the secrecy outage of its cellular user (CU) in the
target cell are given, which facilitates the evaluation of the average secrecy
throughput of a randomly chosen CU in the target cell. It shows that with an
optimized power allocation between the desired signals and AN, the AN scheme is
an efficient solution for securing the communications in a multi-cell cellular
network.


title:
Determination of the top-quark mass from hadro-production of single
  top-quarks

abstract:
  We present a new determination of the top-quark mass $m_t$ based on the
experimental data from the Tevatron and the LHC for single-top
hadro-production. We use the inclusive cross sections of $s$- and $t$-channel
top-quark production to extract $m_t$ and to minimize the dependence on the
strong coupling constant and the gluon distribution in the proton compared to
the hadro-production of top-quark pairs. As part of our analysis we compute the
next-to-next-to-leading order approximation for the $s$-channel cross section
in perturbative QCD based on the known soft-gluon corrections and implement it
in the program Hathor for the numerical evaluation of the hadronic cross
section. Results for the top-quark mass are reported in the $\bar{MS}$ and in
the on-shell renormalization scheme.


title: Super-quantum states in SU(2) invariant $3 \times N$ level systems

abstract:
  Nonclassicality of quantum states is expressed in many shades, the most
stringent of them being a new standard introduced recently in [Phys. Rev. A 89,
062110 (2014)]. This is accomplished by expanding the notion of local hidden
variables (LHV) to generalised local hidden variables (GLHV), which renders
many nonlocal states also classical. We investigate these super-quantum states
(called exceptional in [Phys. Rev. A 89, 062110 (2014)]) in the family of
$SU(2)$ invariant $3 \times N$ level systems. We show that all super-quantum
states admit a universal geometrical description, and that they are most likely
to lie on a line segment in the manifold, irrespective of the value of $N$. We
also show that though the super - quantum states can be highly mixed, its
relative rank with respect to the uniform state is always less than that of a
state which admits a GLHV description.


title:
Testing core creation in hydrodynamical simulations using the HI
  kinematics of field dwarfs

abstract:
  The majority of recent hydrodynamical simulations indicate the creation of
central cores in the mass profiles of low-mass halos, a process that is
attributed to star formation-related baryonic feedback. Core creation is
regarded as one of the most promising solutions to potential issues faced by
the lambda cold dark matter (LambdaCDM) cosmology on small scales. For example,
the reduced dynamical mass enclosed by cores can explain the low rotational
velocities measured for nearby dwarf galaxies, thus possibly lifting the
seeming contradiction with the LambdaCDM expectations (the so-called "too big
to fail" problem). Here we test core creation as a solution of cosmological
issues by using a sample of dwarfs with measurements of their atomic hydrogen
(HI) kinematics extending to large radii. Using the NIHAO hydrodynamical
simulation as an example, we show that core creation can successfully reproduce
the kinematics of dwarfs with small kinematic radii, R <~ 1.5 kpc. However, the
agreement with observations becomes poor once galaxies with kinematic
measurements extending beyond the core region, R ~ 1.5 - 4 kpc, are considered.
This result illustrates the importance of testing the predictions of
hydrodynamical simulations that are relevant for cosmology against a broad
range of observational samples. We would like to stress that our result is
valid only under the following set of assumptions: i) that our sample of dwarfs
with HI kinematics is representative of the overall population of field dwarfs,
ii) that there are no severe measurement biases in the observational parameters
of our HI dwarfs (e.g., related to inclination estimates), and iii) that the HI
velocity fields of dwarfs are regular enough to allow the recovery of the true
enclosed dynamical mass.


title:
Understanding the electronic and phonon transport properties of
  thermoelectric material BiCuSeO: a first-principles study

abstract:
  Using first-principles pseudopotential method and Boltzmann transport theory,
we give a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and phonon transport
properties of thermoelectric material BiCuSeO. By choosing proper hybrid
functional for the exchange-correlation energy, we find that the system is
semiconducting with a direct band gap of ~0.8 eV, which is quite different from
those obtained previously using standard functionals. Detailed analysis of a
three-dimensional energy band structure indicates that there is a valley
degeneracy of eight around the valence band maximum, which leads to a sharp
density of states and is responsible for a large p-type Seebeck coefficient.
Moreover, we find that the density of states effective masses are much larger
and results in very low hole mobility of BiCuSeO. On the other hand, we find
larger atomic displacement parameters for the Cu atoms, which indicates that
the stronger anharmonicity of BiCuSeO may originate from the rattling behavior
of Cu instead of previously believed Bi atoms.


title:
Experimental observation of anisotropic Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in
  type-II Weyl semimetal WTe$_{1.98}$ crystals at the quasi-classical regime

abstract:
  The asymmetric electron dispersion in type-II Weyl semimetal theoretically
hosts anisotropic transport properties. Here we observe the significant
anisotropic Adler-Bell-Jackiw (ABJ) anomaly in the Fermi-level delicately
adjusted WTe$_{1.98}$ crystals. Quantitatively, $C_w$ , a coefficient
representing intensity of ABJ anomaly, along a- and b-axis of WTe$_{1.98}$ are
0.030 and 0.051 T$^{-2}$ at 2 K, respectively. We found that
temperature-sensitive ABJ anomaly is attributed to topological phase transition
from type-II Weyl semimetal to trivial semimetal, which is verified by
first-principles calculation using experimentally determined lattice parameters
at different temperatures. Theoretical electrical transport study reveals that
observation of ansotropic ABJ both along a- and b-axis in WTe$_{1.98}$ is
attributed to electrical transport in the quasi-classical regime. Our work may
suggest that electron-doped WTe$_2$ is an ideal playground to explore the novel
properties in type-II Weyl semimetals.


title:
Nonuniform Berry-Esseen bounds for martingales with applications to
  statistical estimation

abstract:
  We establish nonuniform Berry-Esseen bounds for martingales under the
conditional Bernstein condition. These bounds imply Cram\'er type large
deviations for moderate $x$'s, and are of exponential decay rate as de la
Pe\~na's inequality when $x\rightarrow \infty$. Statistical applications
associated with linear regressions and self-normalized large deviations are
also provided.


title:
Small size sources of secondaries observed in pp-collisions via
  Bose-Einstein correlations at the LHC ATLAS experiment

abstract:
  Bose-Einstein correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC are well
descried by the formula with two different scales. It is shown for the first
time that the pions are produced by few small size sources distributed over a
much larger area in impact parameter space occupied by the interaction
amplitude. The dependence of the two radii obtained in this procedure on the
charged particle density and the mean transverse momentum of the pion/hadron in
the correlated pair are discussed.


title:
Effects of interactions on periodically driven dynamically localized
  systems

abstract:
  It is known that there are lattice models in which non-interacting particles
get dynamically localized when periodic $\delta$-function kicks are applied
with a particular strength. We use both numerical and analytical methods to
study the effects of interactions in three different models in one dimension.
The systems we have considered include spinless fermions with interactions
between nearest-neighbor sites, the Hubbard model of spin-1/2 fermions, and the
Bose Hubbard model with on-site interactions. We derive effective Floquet
Hamiltonians up to second order in the time period of kicking. Using these we
show that interactions can give rise to a variety of interesting results such
as two-body bound states in all three models and dispersionless many-body bound
states for spinless fermions and bosons. We substantiate these results by exact
diagonalization and stroboscopic time evolution of systems with a finite number
of particles. We derive a low-energy pseudo-spin-1/2 limit of the Bose Hubbard
system in the thermodynamic limit and show that a special case of this has an
exponentially large number of ground states. Finally we study the effect of
changing the strength of the $\delta$-function kicks slightly away from perfect
dynamical localization; we find that a single particle remains dynamically
localized for a long time after which it moves ballistically.


title: Drop spreading with random viscosity

abstract:
  We examine theoretically the spreading of a viscous liquid drop over a thin
film of uniform thickness, assuming the liquid's viscosity is regulated by the
concentration of a solute that is carried passively by the spreading flow. The
solute is assumed to be initially heterogeneous, having a spatial distribution
with prescribed statistical features. To examine how this variability
influences the drop's motion, we investigate spreading in a planar geometry
using lubrication theory, combining numerical simulations with asymptotic
analysis. We assume diffusion is sufficient to suppress solute concentration
gradients across but not along the film. The solute field beneath the bulk of
the drop is stretched by the spreading flow, such that the initial solute
concentration immediately behind the drop's effective contact lines has a
long-lived influence on the spreading rate. Over long periods, solute swept up
from the precursor film accumulates in a short region behind the contact line,
allowing patches of elevated viscosity within the precursor film to hinder
spreading. A low-order model provides explicit predictions of the variances in
spreading rate and drop location, which are validated against simulations.


title:
Application of Volterra Equations to Solve Unit Commitment Problem of
  Optimised Energy Storage and Generation

abstract:
  Development of reliable methods for optimised energy storage and generation
is one of the most imminent challenges in moder power systems. In this paper an
adaptive approach to load leveling problem using novel dynamic models based on
the Volterra integral equations of the first kind with piecewise continuous
kernels. These integral equations efficiently solve such inverse problem taking
into account both the time dependent efficiencies and the availability of
generation/storage of each energy storage technology. In this analysis a direct
numerical method is employed to find the least-cost dispatch of available
storages. The proposed collocation type numerical method has second order
accuracy and enjoys self-regularization properties, which is associated with
confidence levels of system demand. This adaptive approach is suitable for
energy storage optimisation in real time. The efficiency of the proposed
methodology is demonstrated on the Single Electricity Market of Republic of
Ireland and Sakhalin island in the Russian Far East.


title: Super-resonant radiation stimulated by high-harmonics

abstract:
  Solitons propagating in media with higher order dispersion will shed
radiation known as dispersive wave or resonant radiation, with applications in
frequency broadening, deep UV sources for spectroscopy or simply fundamental
studies of soliton physics. Starting from a recently proposed equation that
models the behaviour of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear materials using
the analytic signal, we find that the resonant radiation associated with the
third-harmonic generation term of the equation is parametrically stimulated
with an unprecedented gain. Resonant radiation levels, typically only a small
fraction of the soliton, are now as intense as the soliton itself. The
mechanism is quite universal and works also in normal dispersion and with
harmonics higher than the third. We report experimental hints of this
super-resonant radiation stimulated by the fifth harmonic in diamond.


title: O(d,d) duality transformations in F(R) theories of gravity

abstract:
  The argument of Hodge duality symmetry is introduced starting from the
electromagnetic field. Introducing bosonic string theory, O(d,d) duality
symmetry can be implemented when there exist d-symmetries, which allows one to
write Hodge-dual fields. A tree-level effective gravitational action of bosonic
string theory coupled with the dilaton field is considered. This theory
inherits the Busher's duality of its parent string theory. The dilaton field
can be recast into the Weyl's mode of the metric tensor in the Jordan frame.
This maps the effective one-loop bosonic string theory of gravity into a
Lagrangian of a f(R) function. Constraining this f(R)-Lagrangian on a FLRW
metric and using Noether symmetries approach for extended theory of gravity, it
is possible to show that the Lagrangian exibits a Gasperini-Veneziano duality
symmetry.


title:
Extinction of Light and Coherent Scattering by a Single Nitrogen-Vacancy
  Center in Diamond

abstract:
  Coherently scattered light from a single quantum system promises to get a
valuable quantum resource. In this letter an external laser field is
efficiently coupled to a single nitrogen vacancy (NV-)center in diamond. By
this it is possible to detect a direct extinction signal and estimate the NV's
extinction cross-section. The exact amount of coherent and incoherent photons
is determined against the saturation parameter, and reveals the optimal point
of generating coherently scattered photons and an optimal point of excitation.
A theoretical model of spectral diffusion allows to explain the deviation to an
atom in free-space. The introduced experimental techniques are used to
determine the properties of the tight focusing in an interference experiment,
and allow for a direct determination of the Gouy-phase in a strongly focused
beam.


title:
Active Learning for Approximation of Expensive Functions with Normal
  Distributed Output Uncertainty

abstract:
  When approximating a black-box function, sampling with active learning
focussing on regions with non-linear responses tends to improve accuracy. We
present the FLOLA-Voronoi method introduced previously for deterministic
responses, and theoretically derive the impact of output uncertainty. The
algorithm automatically puts more emphasis on exploration to provide more
information to the models.


title: A tale of a Principal and many many Agents

abstract:
  In this paper, we investigate a moral hazard problem in finite time with
lump$-$sum and continuous payments, involving infinitely many Agents with mean
field type interactions, hired by one Principal. By reinterpreting the
mean$-$field game faced by each Agent in terms of a mean field forward backward
stochastic differential equation (FBSDE for short), we are able to rewrite the
Principal's problem as a control problem of McKean$-$Vlasov SDEs. We review one
general approache to tackle it, introduced recently in [1, 43, 44, 45, 46]
using dynamic programming and Hamilton$-$Jacobi$-$Bellman (HJB for short)
equations, and mention a second one based on the stochastic Pontryagin maximum
principle, which follows [10]. We solve completely and explicitly the problem
in special cases, going beyond the usual linear$-$quadratic framework. We
finally show in our examples that the optimal contract in the $N-$players'
model converges to the mean$-$field optimal contract when the number of agents
goes to $+\infty$, thus illustrating in our specific setting the general
results of [8].


title:
The role of electron confinement in Pd films for the oscillatory
  magnetic anisotropy in an adjacent Co layer

abstract:
  We demonstrate the interplay between quantum well states in Pd and the
magnetic anisotropy in Pd/Co/Cu(001) by combined scanning tunneling
spectroscopy (STS) and magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements. Low
temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals occupied and unoccupied
quantum well states (QWS) in atomically flat Pd films on Co/Cu(001). These
states give rise to sharp peaks in the differential conductance spectra. A
quantitative analysis of the spectra reveals the electronic dispersion of the
Pd(001) d-band ($\Delta$$_5$-type) along the $\Gamma$-X direction.
\textit{In-situ} MOKE experiments on Pd/Co/Cu(1, 1, 13) uncover a periodic
variation of the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy as a function of Pd
thickness with a period of 6 atomic layers Pd. STS shows that QWS in Pd cross
the Fermi level with the same periodicity of 6 atomic layers. Backed by
previous theoretical work we ascribe the variation of the magnetic anisotropy
in Co to QWS in the Pd overlayer. Our results suggest a novel venue towards
tailoring uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic films by exploiting QWS
in an adjacent material with large spin-orbit coupling.


title: Synthesis and Superconducting Properties of a Hexagonal Phosphide ScRhP

abstract:
  We report the synthesis and superconducting properties of the ternary
phosphide ScRhP. The crystal structure of ScRhP is determined to be the ordered
Fe2P type with the hexagonal P-62m space group by powder X-ray diffraction
experiments. Resistivity, magnetization, and heat capacity data indicate that
ScRhP is a bulk superconductor with a transition temperature Tc of 2 K. This Tc
is lower than that of its 5d analogue, ScIrP (Tc = 3.4 K), although ScRhP is
found to have larger electronic density of states at the Fermi energy and a
higher Debye temperature than those of ScIrP.


title:
Semihadronic and hadronic decays of $\rho^0$ and $\omega$ mesons
  coherently photoproduced in the isoscalar nuclei

abstract:
  The interference of the $\rho^0$ and $\omega$ mesons has been studied in the
hadronic and leptonic decay channels, i.e., dipion and dilepton decay channels
respectively, but this interference is not studied yet in the semihadronic or
semileptonic decay channel, e.g., $V \to \pi^0\gamma$. $V$ denotes either
$\rho^0$ or $\omega$ meson. To look for the quoted interference in the
$\pi^0\gamma$ decay channel as well as the contribution of $\rho$ meson to the
cross section, the correlated $\pi^0\gamma$ invariant mass distribution spectra
are calculated in the photonuclear reaction in the multi-GeV region. It is
assumed that these bosons arise in the final state due to the decay of $\rho^0$
and $\omega$ mesons which are photoproduced coherently in the isoscalar
nucleus. The elementary reaction in the nucleus is considered to proceed as
$\gamma N \to VN$; $V \to \pi^0\gamma$. The forward propagation of the $\rho$
and $\omega$ mesons and the near forward emission of pion are considered, so
that they can be described by the eikonal form. The meson nucleus interactions
are evaluated using $t\varrho$ approximation. Replacing the decay vertex $V \to
\pi^0\gamma$ by $V \to \pi^+\pi^-$ in the above formalism, it is also used to
study the $\rho-\omega$ interference in the $\pi^+\pi^-$ decay channel.


title:
Negativity of Lyapunov Exponents and Convergence of Generic Random
  Polynomial Dynamical Systems and Random Relaxed Newton's Methods

abstract:
  We investigate i.i.d. random complex dynamical systems generated by
probability measures on finite unions of the loci of holomorphic families of
rational maps on the Riemann sphere. We show that under certain conditions on
the families, for a generic system, (especially, for a generic random
polynomial dynamical system,) for all but countably many initial values $z$ in
the Riemann sphere, for almost every sequence of maps $\gamma
=(\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\ldots )$, the Lyapunov exponent of $\gamma $ at $z$ is
negative. Also, we show that for a generic system, for every initial value $z$
in the Riemann sphere, the orbit of the Dirac measure at $z$ under the
iteration of the dual map of the transition operator tends to a periodic cycle
of measures in the space of probability measures on the Riemann sphere. Note
that these are new phenomena in random complex dynamics which cannot hold in
deterministic complex dynamical systems. We apply the above theory and results
of random complex dynamical systems to finding roots of any polynomials by
random relaxed Newton's methods and we show that for any polynomial $g$, for
any initial value $z$ in the complex plane which is not a root of $g'$, the
random orbit starting with $z$ tends to a root of $g$ almost surely, which is
the virtue of the effect of randomness.

categories: math.DS cs.NA math.CV math.GT math.NA math.PR


title:
Design and Implementation of a Procedural Content Generation Web
  Application for Vertex Shaders

abstract:
  We present a web application for the procedural generation of transformations
of 3D models. We generate the transformations by algorithmically generating the
vertex shaders of the 3D models. The vertex shaders are created with an
interactive genetic algorithm, which displays to the user the visual effect
caused by each vertex shader, allows the user to select the visual effect the
user likes best, and produces a new generation of vertex shaders using the user
feedback as the fitness measure of the genetic algorithm. We use genetic
programming to represent each vertex shader as a computer program. This paper
presents details of requirements specification, software architecture, high and
low-level design, and prototype user interface. We discuss the project's
current status and development challenges.


title:
Influence of random pinning on melting scenario of two-dimensional
  core-softened potential system

abstract:
  The random disorder can drastically change the melting scenario of
two-dimensional systems and has to be taken into account in the interpretation
of the experimental results. We present the results of the molecular dynamics
simulations of the two dimensional system with the core-softened potentials
with two repulsive steps in which a small fraction of the particles is pinned,
inducing quenched disorder. It is shown that without the quenched disorder the
system with small repulsive shoulder, which is close in the shape to the soft
disks, melts in accordance with the melting scenario proposed in Refs.
[30,31,33] (first-order liquid-hexatic and continuous hexatic-solid
transitions). Random pinning widens the hexatic phase, but leaves the melting
scenario unchanged. For the system with larger repulsive step at high densities
the conventional first-order transition takes place without random pinning.
However, in the presence of disorder the single first-order transition
transforms into two transitions, one of them (solid-hexatic) is the continuous
KTHNY-like transition, while the hexatic to isotropic liquid transition occurs
as the first order transition.


title: Coinductive Soundness of Corecursive Type Class Resolution

abstract:
  Horn clauses and first-order resolution are commonly used to implement type
classes in Haskell. Several corecursive extensions to type class resolution
have recently been proposed, with the goal of allowing (co)recursive dictionary
construction where resolution does not termi- nate. This paper shows, for the
first time, that corecursive type class resolution and its extensions are
coinductively sound with respect to the greatest Herbrand models of logic
programs and that they are induc- tively unsound with respect to the least
Herbrand models. We establish incompleteness results for various fragments of
the proof system.


title:
Induced Charge Capacitive Deionization: The electrokinetic response of a
  porous particle to an external electric field

abstract:
  We demonstrate the phenomenon of induced-charge capacitive deionization
(ICCDI) that occurs around a porous and conducting particle immersed in an
electrolyte, under the action of an external electric field. The external
electric field induces an electric dipole in the porous particle, leading to
its capacitive charging by both cations and anions at opposite poles. This
regime is characterized by a long charging time which results in significant
changes in salt concentration in the electrically neutral bulk, on the scale of
the particle. We qualitatively demonstrate the effect of advection on the
spatio-temporal concentration field which, through diffusiophoresis, may
introduce corrections to the electrophoretic mobility of such particles.


title: On the Irregularity of Some Molecular Structures

abstract:
  Measures of the irregularity of chemical graphs could be helpful for
QSAR/QSPR studies and for the descriptive purposes of biological and chemical
properties, such as melting and boiling points, toxicity and resistance. Here
we consider the following four established irregularity measures: the
irregularity index by Albertson, the total irregularity, the variance of vertex
degrees and the Collatz-Sinogowitz index.
  Through the means of graph structural analysis and derivation, we study the
above-mentioned irregularity measures of several chemical molecular graphs
which frequently appear in chemical, medical and material engineering, as well
as the nanotubes: $TUC_4 C_8(S)$, $TUC_4 C_8(R)$, Zig-Zag $TUHC_{6}$, $TUC_4$,
Armchair $TUVC_{6}$, then dendrimers $T_{k,d}$ and the circumcoronene series of
benzenoid $H_k$. In addition, the irregularities of Mycielski's constructions
of cycle and path graphs are analyzed.


title:
Controlled delocalization of electronic states in a multi-strand
  quasiperiodic lattice

abstract:
  Finite strips, composed of a periodic stacking of infinite quasiperiodic
Fibonacci chains, have been investigated in terms of their electronic
properties. The system is described by a tight binding Hamiltonian. The
eigenvalue spectrum of such a multi-strand quasiperiodic network is found to be
sensitive on the mutual values of the intra-strand and inter-strand tunnel
hoppings, whose distribution displays a unique three-subband self-similar
pattern in a parameter subspace. In addition, it is observed that special
numerical correlations between the nearest and the next-nearest neighbor
hopping integrals can render a substantial part of the energy spectrum
absolutely continuous. Extended, Bloch like functions populate the above
continuous zones, signalling a complete delocalization of single particle
states even in such a non-translationally invariant system, and more
importantly, a phenomenon that can be engineered by tuning the relative
strengths of the hopping parameters. A commutation relation between the
potential and the hopping matrices enables us to work out the precise
correlation which helps to engineer the extended eigenfunctions and determine
the band positions at will.


title: Triangle-different Hamiltonian paths

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a fixed graph. Two paths of length $n-1$ on $n$ vertices
(Hamiltonian paths) are $G$-different if there is a subgraph isomorphic to $G$
in their union. In this paper we prove that the maximal number of pairwise
triangle-different Hamiltonian paths is equal to the number of balanced
bipartitions of the ground set, answering a question of K\"orner, Messuti and
Simonyi.


title:
Quantitative photoacoustic tomography using forward and adjoint Monte
  Carlo models of radiance

abstract:
  Forward and adjoint Monte Carlo (MC) models of radiance are proposed for use
in model-based quantitative photoacoustic tomography. A 2D radiance MC model
using a harmonic angular basis is introduced and validated against analytic
solutions for the radiance in heterogeneous media. A gradient-based
optimisation scheme is then used to recover 2D absorption and scattering
coefficients distributions from simulated photoacoustic measurements. It is
shown that the functional gradients, which are a challenge to compute
efficiently using MC models, can be calculated directly from the coefficients
of the harmonic angular basis used in the forward and adjoint models. This work
establishes a framework for transport-based quantitative photoacoustic
tomography that can fully exploit emerging highly parallel computing
architectures.


title:
Scalable synthesis of WS2 on graphene and h-BN: an all-2D platform for
  light-matter transduction

abstract:
  By exhibiting a measurable bandgap and exotic valley physics,
atomically-thick tungsten disulfide (WS2) offers exciting prospects for
optoelectronic applications. The synthesis of continuous WS2 films on other
two-dimensional (2D) materials would greatly facilitate the implementation of
novel all-2D photoactive devices. In this work we demonstrate the scalable
growth of WS2 on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) via a chemical
vapor deposition (CVD) approach. Spectroscopic and microscopic analysis reveal
that the film is bilayer-thick, with local monolayer inclusions.
Photoluminescence measurements show a remarkable conservation of polarization
at room temperature peaking 74% for the entire WS2 film. Furthermore, we
present a scalable bottom-up approach for the design of photoconductive and
photoemitting patterns.


title: CP and other Symmetries of Symmetries

abstract:
  Outer automorphisms of symmetries ("symmetries of symmetries") in
relativistic quantum field theories are studied, including charge conjugation
(C), space-reflection (P) , and time-reversal (T) transformations. The group
theory of outer automorphisms is pedagogically introduced and it is shown that
CP transformations are special outer automorphisms of the global, local, and
space-time symmetries of a theory. It is shown that certain discrete groups
allow for a group theoretical prediction of parameter independent CP violating
complex phases with fixed geometrical values. The remainder of this thesis
pioneers the study of outer automorphisms which are not related to C, P, or T.
It is shown how outer automorphisms, in general, relate symmetry invariants
and, in theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking, imply relations between
different vacuum expectation values. Thereby, outer automorphisms can give rise
to emergent symmetries. An example model with a discrete symmetry and three
copies of the Standard Model Higgs field is discussed, in which the rich outer
automorphism structure completely fixes the Higgs VEVs in their field space
direction, including CP violating relative phases. This underlies the
phenomenon of spontaneous geometrical CP violation. The possible relevance of
outer automorphisms for a wide field of future studies is highlighted.


title:
Comparison of Yields of neutron rich nuclei in Proton and Photon induced
  $^{238}$U fission

abstract:
  A comparative study of fission of actinides specially $^{238}$U, by proton
and bremsstrahlung photon is performed. Relative mass distribution of $^{238}$U
fission fragments have been explored theoretically for both proton and photon
induced fission. The integrated yield along with charge distribution of the
products are calculated to find out the neutron richness in comparison to the
nuclei produced by r-process in nucleosynthesis. Some r-process nuclei in
intermediate mass range for symmetric fission mode are found to be produced
almost two order of magnitude more for proton induced fission than
photofission, although rest of the neutron rich nuclei in the asymmetric mode
are produced in comparable proportion for both the processes.