title:
Topologically robust transport of entangled photons in a 2D photonic
  system

abstract:
  We theoretically study the transport of time-bin entangled photon pairs in a
two-dimensional topological photonic system of coupled ring resonators. This
system implements the integer quantum Hall model using a synthetic gauge field
and exhibits topologically robust edge states. We show that the transport
through edge states preserves temporal correlations of entangled photons
whereas bulk transport does not preserve these correlations and can lead to
significant unwanted temporal bunching or anti-bunching of photons. We study
the effect of disorder on the quantum transport properties; while the edge
transport remains robust, bulk transport is very susceptible, and in the limit
of strong disorder, bulk states become localized. We show that this
localization is manifested as an enhanced bunching/anti-bunching of photons.
This topologically robust transport of correlations through edge states could
enable robust on-chip quantum communication channels and delay lines for
information encoded in temporal correlations of photons.


title:
Evaluating the GW Approximation with CCSD(T) for Charged Excitations
  Across the Oligoacenes

abstract:
  Charged excitations of the oligoacene family of molecules, relevant for
astrophysics and technological applications, are widely studied and therefore
provide an excellent system for benchmarking theoretical methods. In this work,
we evaluate the performance of many-body perturbation theory within the GW
approximation relative to new high-quality CCSD(T) reference data for charged
excitations of the acenes. We compare GW calculations with a number of hybrid
density functional theory starting points and with eigenvalue self-consistency.
Special focus is given to elucidating the trend of GW-predicted excitations
with molecule length increasing from benzene to hexacene. We find that GW
calculations with starting points based on an optimally tuned range-separated
hybrid (OTRSH) density functional and eigenvalue self-consistency can yield
quantitative ionization potentials for the acenes. However, for larger acenes,
the predicted electron affinities can deviate considerably from reference
values. Our work paves the way for predictive and cost-effective GW
calculations of charged excitations of molecules and identifies certain
limitations of current GW methods used in practice for larger molecules.


title: On the character space of Banach vector-valued function algebras

abstract:
  Given a compact space $X$ and a commutative Banach algebra $A$, the character
spaces of $A$-valued function algebras on $X$ are investigated. The class of
natural $A$-valued function algebras, those whose characters can be described
by means of characters of $A$ and point evaluation homomorphisms, is introduced
and studied. For an admissible Banach $A$-valued function algebra $\mathcal{A}$
on $X$, conditions under which the character space $M(\mathcal{A})$ is
homeomorphic to $M(\mathfrak{A}) \times M(A)$ are presented, where
$\mathfrak{A}=C(X) \cap \mathcal{A}$ is the subalgebra of $\mathcal{A}$
consisting of scalar-valued functions. An illustration of the results is given
by some examples.


title: Well-Posed Models of Memristive Devices

abstract:
  Existing compact models for memristive devices (including RRAM and CBRAM) all
suffer from issues related to mathematical ill-posedness and/or improper
implementation. This limits their value for simulation and design and in some
cases, results in qualitatively unphysical predictions. We identify the causes
of ill-posedness in these models. We then show how memristive devices in
general can be modelled using only continuous/smooth primitives in such a way
that they always respect physical bounds for filament length and also feature
well-defined and correct DC behaviour. We show how to express these models
properly in languages like Verilog-A and ModSpec (MATLAB). We apply these
methods to correct previously published RRAM and memristor models and make them
well posed. The result is a collection of memristor models that may be dubbed
"simulation-ready", i.e., that feature the right physical characteristics and
are suitable for robust and consistent simulation in DC, AC, transient, etc.,
analyses. We provide implementations of these models in both ModSpec/MATLAB and
Verilog-A.


title: Weak solutions of the Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch equation

abstract:
  The Landau--Lifshitz--Bloch (LLB) equation is a formulation of dynamic
micromagnetics valid at all temperatures, treating both the transverse and
longitudinal relaxation components important for high-temperature applications.
We study LLB equation in case the temperature raised higher than the Curie
temperature. The existence of weak solution is showed and its regularity
properties are also discussed. In this way, we lay foundations for the rigorous
theory of LLB equation that is currently not available.


title: The Gaia-ESO Survey: Probes of the inner disk abundance gradient

abstract:
  The nature of the metallicity gradient inside the solar circle (R_GC < 8 kpc)
is poorly understood, but studies of Cepheids and a small sample of open
clusters suggest that it steepens in the inner disk. We investigate the
metallicity gradient of the inner disk using a sample of inner disk open
clusters that is three times larger than has previously been studied in the
literature to better characterize the gradient in this part of the disk. We
used the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) [Fe/H] values and stellar parameters for stars
in 12 open clusters in the inner disk from GES-UVES data. Cluster mean [Fe/H]
values were determined based on a membership analysis for each cluster. Where
necessary, distances and ages to clusters were determined via comparison to
theoretical isochrones. The GES open clusters exhibit a radial metallicity
gradient of -0.10+-0.02 dex/kpc, consistent with the gradient measured by other
literature studies of field red giant stars and open clusters in the range R_GC
~ 6-12 kpc. We also measure a trend of increasing [Fe/H] with increasing
cluster age, as has also been found in the literature. We find no evidence for
a steepening of the inner disk metallicity gradient inside the solar circle as
earlier studies indicated. The age-metallicity relation shown by the clusters
is consistent with that predicted by chemical evolution models that include the
effects of radial migration, but a more detailed comparison between cluster
observations and models would be premature.


title: C*-algebras have a quantitative version of Pelczynski's property (V)

abstract:
  A Banach space X has Pelczynski's property (V) if for every Banach space Y
every unconditionally converging operator T: X -> Y is weakly compact. H.
Pfitzner proved that C*-algebras have Pelczynski's property (V). In the
preprint "H. Krulisova: Quantification of Pelczynski's property (V)" the author
explores possible quantifications of the property (V) and shows that C(K)
spaces for a compact Hausdorff space K enjoy a quantitative version of the
property (V). In this paper we generalize this result by quantifying Pfitzner's
theorem. Moreover, we prove that in dual Banach spaces a quantitative version
of the property (V) implies a quantitative version of the Grothendieck
property.


title: Solitary wave simulations of the Boussinesq Systems

abstract:
  In the study, the collocation method based on exponential cubic B-spline
functions is proposed to solve one dimensional Boussinesq systems numerically.
Two initial boundary value problems for Regularized and Classical Boussinesq
systems modeling motion of traveling waves are considered. The accuracy of the
method is validated by measuring the error between the numerical and analytical
solutions. The numerical solutions obtained by various values of free parameter
$p$ are compared with some solutions in literature.


title: The First Spectrum of the Coldest Brown Dwarf

abstract:
  The recently discovered brown dwarf WISE 0855 presents our first opportunity
to directly study an object outside the Solar System that is nearly as cold as
our own gas giant planets. However the traditional methodology for
characterizing brown dwarfs---near infrared spectroscopy---is not currently
feasible as WISE 0855 is too cold and faint. To characterize this frozen
extrasolar world we obtained a 4.5-5.2 $\mu$m spectrum, the same bandpass long
used to study Jupiter's deep thermal emission. Our spectrum reveals the
presence of atmospheric water vapor and clouds, with an absorption profile that
is strikingly similar to Jupiter. The spectrum is high enough quality to allow
the investigation of dynamical and chemical processes that have long been
studied in Jupiter's atmosphere, but now on an extrasolar world.


title: Nonstandard Neutrino Interactions in Supernovae

abstract:
  Nonstandard interactions (NSI) of neutrinos with matter can significantly
alter neutrino flavor evolution in supernovae with the potential to impact
explosion dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and the neutrinos signal. In this paper,
we explore, both numerically and analytically, the landscape of neutrino flavor
transformation effects in supernovae due to NSI and find a new, heretofore
unseen transformation processes can occur. These new transformations can take
place with NSI strengths well below current experimental limits. Within a broad
swath of NSI parameter space, we observe symmetric and standard matter-neutrino
resonances for supernovae neutrinos, a transformation effect previously only
seen in compact object merger scenarios; in another region of the parameter
space we find the NSI can induce neutrino collective effects in scenarios where
none would appear with only the standard case of neutrino oscillation physics;
and in a third region the NSI can lead to the disappearance of the high density
Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonance. Using a variety of analytical tools, we
are able to describe quantitatively the numerical results allowing us to
partition the NSI parameter according to the transformation processes observed.
Our results indicate nonstandard interactions of supernova neutrinos provide a
sensitive probe of beyond the Standard Model physics complementary to present
and future terrestrial experiments.


title:
The physical mechanism behind M dwarf metallicity indicators and the
  role of C and O abundances

abstract:
  We present NIR synthetic spectra based on PHOENIX stellar atmosphere models
of typical early and mid M dwarfs with varied C and O abundances. We apply
multiple recently published methods for determining M dwarf metallicity to our
models to determine the effect of C and O abundances on metallicity indicators.
We find that the pseudo-continuum level is very sensitive to C/O and that all
metallicity indicators show a dependence on C and O abundances, especially in
lower Teff models. In some cases the inferred metallicity ranges over a full
order of magnitude (>1 dex) when [C/Fe] and [O/Fe] are varied independently by
+/-0.2. We also find that [(O-C)/Fe], the difference in O and C abundances, is
a better tracer of the pseudo-continuum level than C/O. Models of mid-M dwarfs
with [C/Fe], [O/Fe], and [M/H] that are realistic in the context of galactic
chemical evolution suggest that variation in [(O-C)/Fe] is the primary physical
mechanism behind the M dwarf metallicity tracers investigated here. Empirically
calibrated metallicity indicators are still valid for most nearby M dwarfs due
to the tight correlation between [(O-C)/Fe] and [Fe/H] evident in spectroscopic
surveys of solar neighborhood FGK stars. Variations in C and O abundances also
affect the spectral energy distribution of M dwarfs. Allowing [O/Fe] to be a
free parameter provides better agreement between synthetic spectra and observed
spectra of metal-rich M dwarfs. We suggest that flux-calibrated,
low-resolution, NIR spectra can provide a path toward measuring C and O
abundances in M dwarfs and breaking the degeneracy between C/O and [Fe/H]
present in M dwarf metallicity indicators.


title:
Multiwavelength study of the fast rotating supergiant high-mass X-ray
  binary IGR J16465-4507

abstract:
  Since its launch, the X-ray and gamma-ray observatory INTEGRAL satellite has
revealed a new class of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) displaying fast flares
and hosting supergiant companion stars. Optical and infrared (OIR) observations
in a multi-wavelength context are essential to understand the nature and
evolution of these newly discovered celestial objects. The goal of this
multiwavelength study (from ultraviolet to infrared) is to characterise the
properties of IGR J16465-4507, to confirm its HMXB nature and that it hosts a
supergiant star. We analysed all OIR, photometric and spectroscopic
observations taken on this source, carried out at ESO facilities. Using
spectroscopic data, we constrained the spectral type of the companion star
between B0.5 and B1 Ib, settling the debate on the true nature of this source.
We measured a high rotation velocity of v = 320 +/- 8 km/s from fitting
absorption and emission lines in a stellar spectral model. We then built a
spectral energy distribution from photometric observations to evaluate the
origin of the different components radiating at each energy range. We finally
show that, having accurately determined the spectral type of the early-B
supergiant in IGR J16465-4507, we firmly support its classification as an
intermediate supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT).


title:
OGLE Study of the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy and its M54
  Globular Cluster

abstract:
  We use the fundamental-mode RR Lyr-type variable stars (RRab) from OGLE-IV
survey to draw a 3D picture of the central part of the tidally disrupted
Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal (Sgr dSph) galaxy. We estimate the line-of-sight
thickness of the Sgr dSph stream to be FWHM_cen=2.42 kpc. Based on OGLE-IV
observations collected in seasons 2011-2014 we conduct a comprehensive study of
stellar variability in the field of the globular cluster M54 (NGC 6715)
residing in the core of this dwarf galaxy. Among the total number of 268
detected variable stars we report the identification of 174 RR Lyr stars, four
Type II Cepheids, 51 semi-regular variable red giants, three SX Phe-type stars,
18 eclipsing binary systems. Eighty-three variable stars are new discoveries.
The distance to the cluster determined from RRab stars is d_M54 = 26.7
+/-0.03(stat) +/-1.3(sys) kpc. From the location of RRab stars in the
period-amplitude (Bailey) diagram we confirm the presence of two old
populations, both in the cluster and the Sgr dSph stream.


title:
The Structure of the Circumgalactic Medium of Galaxies: Cool Accretion
  Inflow Around NGC 1097

abstract:
  We present Hubble Space Telescope far-UV spectra of 4 QSOs whose sightlines
pass through the halo of NGC 1097 at impact parameters of 48 -165 kpc. NGC 1097
is a nearby spiral galaxy that has undergone at least two minor merger events,
but no apparent major mergers, and is relatively isolated with respect to other
nearby bright galaxies. This makes NGC 1097 a good case study for exploring
baryons in a paradigmatic bright-galaxy halo. Lyman-alpha absorption is
detected along all sightlines and Si III 1206 is found along the 3 smallest
impact parameter sightlines; metal lines of C II, Si II and Si IV are only
found with certainty towards the inner-most sightline. The kinematics of the
absorption lines are best replicated by a model with a disk-like distribution
of gas approximately planar to the observed 21 cm H I disk, that is rotating
more slowly than the inner disk, and into which gas is infalling from the
intergalactic medium. Some part of the absorption towards the inner-most
sightline may arise either from a small-scale outflow, or from tidal debris
associated with the minor merger that gives rise to the well known `dog-leg'
stellar stream that projects from NGC 1097. When compared to other studies, NGC
1097 appears to be a `typical' absorber, although the large dispersion in
absorption line column density and equivalent width in a single halo goes
perhaps some way in explaining the wide range of these values seen in
higher-redshift studies.


title:
Effects of disc asymmetries on astrometric measurements - Can they mimic
  planets?

abstract:
  Astrometry covers a parameter space that cannot be reached by RV or transit
methods to detect terrestrial planets on wide orbits. In addition, high
accuracy astrometric measurements are necessary to measure the inclination of
the planet's orbits. Here we investigate the principles of an artefact of the
astrometric approach. Namely, the displacement of the photo-centre due to
inhomogeneities in a dust disc around the parent star. Indeed, theory and
observations show that circumstellar discs can present strong asymmetries. We
model the pseudo-astrometric signal caused by these inhomogeneities, asking
whether a dust clump in a disc can mimic the astrometric signal of an
Earth-like planet. We show that these inhomogeneities cannot be neglected when
using astrometry to find terrestrial planets. We provide the parameter space
for which these inhomogeneities can affect the astrometric signals but still
not be detected by mid-IR observations. We find that a small cross section of
dust corresponding to a cometary mass object is enough to mimic the astrometric
signal of an Earth-like planet. Astrometric observations of protoplanetary
discs to search for planets can also be affected by the presence of
inhomogeneities. Some further tests are given to confirm whether an observation
is a real planet astrometric signal or an impostor. Eventually, we also study
the case where the cross section of dust is high enough to provide a detectable
IR-excess and to have a measurable photometric displacement by actual
instruments such as Gaia, IRAC or GRAVITY. We suggest a new method, which
consists in using astrometry to quantify asymmetries (clumpiness) in inner
debris discs that cannot be otherwise resolved.


title: A History of Dark Matter

abstract:
  Although dark matter is a central element of modern cosmology, the history of
how it became accepted as part of the dominant paradigm is often ignored or
condensed into a brief anecdotical account focused around the work of a few
pioneering scientists. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with a
broader historical perspective on the observational discoveries and the
theoretical arguments that led the scientific community to adopt dark matter as
an essential part of the standard cosmological model.

categories: astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE hep-ph


title: Doubling Strong Lensing as a Cosmological Probe

abstract:
  Strong gravitational lensing provides a geometric probe of cosmology in a
unique manner through distance ratios involving the source and lens. This is
well known for the time delay distance derived from measured delays between
lightcurves of the images of variable sources such as quasars. Recently, double
source plane lens systems involving two constant sources lensed by the same
foreground lens have been proposed as another probe, involving a different
ratio of distances measured from the image positions and fairly insensitive to
the lens modeling. Here we demonstrate that these two different sets of strong
lensing distance ratios have strong complementarity in cosmological leverage.
Unlike other probes, the double source distance ratio is actually more
sensitive to the dark energy equation of state parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$ than
to the matter density $\Omega_m$, for low redshift lenses. Adding double source
distance ratio measurements can improve the dark energy figure of merit by 40%
for a sample of fewer than 100 low redshift systems, or even better for the
optimal redshift distribution we derive.


title: Localised $\bf{AdS_5\times S^5}$ Black Holes

abstract:
  We numerically construct asymptotically global $\mathrm{AdS}_5\times
\mathrm{S}^5$ black holes that are localised on the $\mathrm{S}^5$. These are
solutions to type IIB supergravity with $\mathrm S^8$ horizon topology that
dominate the theory in the microcanonical ensemble at small energies. At higher
energies, there is a first-order phase transition to
$\mathrm{AdS}_5$-Schwarzschild$\times \mathrm{S}^5$. By the AdS/CFT
correspondence, this transition is dual to spontaneously breaking the $SO(6)$
R-symmetry of $\mathcal N=4$ super Yang-Mills down to $SO(5)$. We extrapolate
the location of this phase transition and compute the expectation value of the
resulting scalar operators in the low energy phase.


title: The average submillimetre properties of Lyman-alpha Blobs at z=3

abstract:
  Ly-alpha blobs (LABs) offer insight into the complex interface between
galaxies and their circumgalactic medium. Whilst some LABs have been found to
contain luminous star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei that could
potentially power the Ly-alpha emission, others appear not to be associated
with obvious luminous galaxy counterparts. It has been speculated that LABs may
be powered by cold gas streaming on to a central galaxy, providing an
opportunity to directly observe the `cold accretion' mode of galaxy growth.
Star-forming galaxies in LABs could be dust obscured and therefore detectable
only at longer wavelengths. We stack deep SCUBA-2 observations of the SSA22
field to determine the average 850um flux density of 34 LABs. We measure S_850
= 0.6 +/- 0.2mJy for all LABs, but stacking the LABs by size indicates that
only the largest third (area > 1794 kpc^2) have a mean detection, at 4.5 sigma,
with S_850 = 1.4 +/- 0.3mJy. Only two LABs (1 and 18) have individual SCUBA-2 >
3.5 sigma detections at a depth of 1.1mJy/beam. We consider two possible
mechanisms for powering the LABs and find that central star formation is likely
to dominate the emission of Ly-alpha, with cold accretion playing a secondary
role.


title:
A Possible Solution for the M/L-[Fe/H] Relation of Globular Clusters in
  M31: A metallicity and density dependent top-heavy IMF

abstract:
  The observed mass-to-light ($M/L$) ratios of a large sample of GCs in M31
show an inverse trend with metallicity compared to what is expected from Simple
Stellar Population (SSP) models with an invariant canonical stellar IMF, in the
sense that the observed $M/L$ ratios decrease with increasing metallicity. We
show that incorporating the effect of dynamical evolution the SSP models with a
canonical IMF can not explain the decreasing $M/L$ ratios with increasing
metallicity for the M31 GCs. The recently derived top-heavy IMF as a function
of metallicity and embedded cluster density is proposed to explain the lower
than expected $M/L$ ratios of metal-rich GCs. We find that the SSP models with
a top-heavy IMF, retaining a metallicity- and cluster mass- dependent fraction
of the remnants within the clusters, and taking standard dynamical evolution
into account can successfully explain the observed $M/L-[Fe/H]$ relation of M31
GCs. Thus we propose that the kinematical data of GCs can be used to constrain
the top-heaviness of the IMF in GCs.


title:
Flexible quantum circuits using scalable continuous-variable cluster
  states

abstract:
  We show that measurement-based quantum computation on scalable
continuous-variable (CV) cluster states admits more quantum-circuit flexibility
and compactness than similar protocols for standard square-lattice CV cluster
states. This advantage is a direct result of the macronode structure of these
states---that is, a lattice structure in which each graph node actually
consists of several physical modes. These extra modes provide additional
measurement degrees of freedom at each graph location, which can be used to
manipulate the flow and processing of quantum information more robustly and
with additional flexibility that is not available on an ordinary lattice.


title: Maximized ExoEarth Candidate Yields for Starshades

abstract:
  The design and scale of a future mission to directly image and characterize
potentially Earth-like planets will be impacted, to some degree, by the
expected yield of such planets. Recent efforts to increase the estimated
yields, by creating observation plans optimized for the detection and
characterization of Earth-twins, have focused solely on coronagraphic
instruments; starshade-based missions could benefit from a similar analysis.
Here we explore how to prioritize observations for a starshade given the
limiting resources of both fuel and time, present analytic expressions to
estimate fuel use, and provide efficient numerical techniques for maximizing
the yield of starshades. We implemented these techniques to create an
approximate design reference mission code for starshades and used this code to
investigate how exoEarth candidate yield responds to changes in mission,
instrument, and astrophysical parameters for missions with a single starshade.
We find that a starshade mission operates most efficiently somewhere between
the fuel- and exposure-time limited regimes, and as a result, is less sensitive
to photometric noise sources as well as parameters controlling the photon
collection rate in comparison to a coronagraph. We produced optimistic yield
curves for starshades, assuming our optimized observation plans are schedulable
and future starshades are not thrust-limited. Given these yield curves,
detecting and characterizing several dozen exoEarth candidates requires either
multiple starshades or an eta_Earth > ~0.3.


title:
Topological edge states in single layers of honeycomb materials with
  strong spin-orbit coupling

abstract:
  We study possible edge states in single layers of honeycomb materials such as
$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ and A$_2$IrO$_3$ (A=Li, Na) with strong spin-orbit coupling
(SOC). These two dimensional systems exhibit linearly dispersing
one-dimensional (1D) edge states when their 1D boundary forms a zig-zag shape.
Using an effective tight-binding model based on first principles band structure
calculations including Hubbard U and SOC, we find degenerate edge states at the
zone center and zone boundary. The roles of chiral symmetry and time-reversal
symmetry are presented. The implications to experimental signatures and the
effects of disorder are also discussed.


title: You can hide but you have to run: direct detection with vector mediators

abstract:
  We study direct detection in simplified models of Dark Matter (DM) in which
interactions with Standard Model (SM) fermions are mediated by a heavy vector
boson. We consider fully general, gauge-invariant couplings between the SM, the
mediator and both scalar and fermion DM. We account for the evolution of the
couplings between the energy scale of the mediator mass and the nuclear energy
scale. This running arises from virtual effects of SM particles and its
inclusion is not optional. We compare bounds on the mediator mass from direct
detection experiments with and without accounting for the running. In some
cases the inclusion of these effects changes the bounds by several orders of
magnitude, as a consequence of operator mixing which generates new interactions
at low energy. We also highlight the importance of these effects when
translating LHC limits on the mediator mass into bounds on the direct detection
cross section. For an axial-vector mediator, the running can alter the derived
bounds on the spin-dependent DM-nucleon cross section by a factor of two or
more. Finally, we provide tools to facilitate the inclusion of these effects in
future studies: general approximate expressions for the low energy couplings
and a public code runDM to evolve the couplings between arbitrary energy
scales.


title:
Nonlinear photocurrents in two-dimensional systems based on graphene and
  boron nitride

abstract:
  DC photoelectrical currents can be generated purely as a non-linear effect in
uniform media lacking inversion symmetry without the need for a material
junction or bias voltages to drive it, in what is termed photogalvanic effect.
These currents are strongly dependent on the polarization state of the
radiation, as well as on topological properties of the underlying Fermi surface
such as its Berry curvature. In order to study the intrinsic photogalvanic
response of gapped graphene (GG), biased bilayer graphene (BBG), and hexagonal
boron nitride (hBN), we compute the non-linear current using a perturbative
expansion of the density matrix. This allows a microscopic description of the
quadratic response to an electromagnetic field in these materials, which we
analyze as a function of temperature and electron density. We find that the
intrinsic response is robust across these systems and allows for currents in
the range of pA cm/W to nA cm/W. At the independent-particle level, the
response of hBN-based structures is significant only in the ultra-violet due to
their sizeable band-gap. However, when Coulomb interactions are accounted for
by explicit solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we find that the
photoconductivity is strongly modified by transitions involving exciton levels
in the gap region, whose spectral weight dominates in the overall frequency
range. Biased bilayers and gapped monolayers of graphene have a strong
photoconductivity in the visible and infrared window, allowing for photocurrent
densities of several nA cm/W. We further show that the richer electronic
dispersion of BBG at low energies and the ability to change its band-gap on
demand allows a higher tunability of the photocurrent, including not only its
magnitude but also, and significantly, its polarity.


title:
A High Fraction of Ly-alpha-Emitters Among Galaxies with Extreme
  Emission Line Ratios at z ~ 2

abstract:
  Star-forming galaxies form a sequence in the [OIII]/H-beta vs. [NII]/H-alpha
diagnostic diagram, with low metallicity, highly ionized galaxies falling in
the upper left corner. Drawing from a large sample of UV-selected star-forming
galaxies at z~2 with rest-frame optical nebular emission line measurements from
Keck-MOSFIRE, we select the extreme ~5% of the galaxies lying in this upper
left corner, requiring log([NII]/H-alpha) <= 1.1 and log([OIII]/H-beta) >=
0.75. These cuts identify galaxies with 12 + log(O/H) <~ 8.0, when oxygen
abundances are measured via the O3N2 diagnostic. We study the Ly-alpha
properties of the resulting sample of 14 galaxies. The mean (median) rest-frame
Ly-alpha equivalent width is 39 (36) A, and 11 of the 14 objects (79%) are
Ly-alpha-emitters (LAEs) with W_Lya > 20 A. We compare the equivalent width
distribution of a sample of 522 UV-selected galaxies at 2.0<z<2.6 identified
without regard to their optical line ratios; this sample has mean (median)
Ly-alpha equivalent width -1 (-4) A, and only 9% of these galaxies qualify as
LAEs. The extreme galaxies typically have lower attenuation at Ly-alpha than
those in the comparison sample, and have ~50% lower median oxygen abundances.
Both factors are likely to facilitate the escape of Ly-alpha: in less dusty
galaxies Ly-alpha photons are less likely to be absorbed during multiple
scatterings, while the harder ionizing spectrum and higher ionization parameter
associated with strong, low metallicity star formation may reduce the covering
fraction or column density of neutral hydrogen, further easing Ly-alpha escape.
The use of nebular emission line ratios may prove useful in the identification
of galaxies with low opacity to Ly-alpha photons across a range of redshifts.


title:
An Improved Model of Diffuse Galactic Radio Emission from 10 MHz to 5
  THz

abstract:
  We present an improved Global Sky Model (GSM) of diffuse galactic radio
emission from 10 MHz to 5 THz, whose uses include foreground modeling for CMB
and 21 cm cosmology. Our model improves on past work both algorithmically and
by adding new data sets such as the Planck maps and the enhanced Haslam map.
Our method generalizes the Principal Component Analysis approach to handle
non-overlapping regions, enabling the inclusion of 29 sky maps with no region
of the sky common to all. We also perform a blind separation of our GSM into
physical components with a method that makes no assumptions about physical
emission mechanisms (synchrotron, free-free, dust, etc). Remarkably, this blind
method automatically finds five components that have previously only been found
"by hand", which we identify with synchrotron, free-free, cold dust, warm dust,
and the CMB anisotropy, with maps and spectra agreeing with previous work but
in many cases with smaller error bars. The improved GSM is available online at
github.com/jeffzhen/gsm2016.


title:
Interparticle potential energy for D-dimensional electromagnetic models
  from the corresponding scalar ones

abstract:
  Using a method based on the generating functional plus a kind of
"correspondence principle" --- which acts as a bridge between the
electromagnetic and scalar fields --- it is shown that the interparticle
potential energy concerning a given $D$-dimensional electromagnetic model can
be obtained in a simple way from that related to the corresponding scalar
system. The $D$-dimensional electromagnetic potential for a general model
containing higher derivatives is then found from the corresponding scalar one
and the behavior of the former is analyzed at large as well as small distances.
In addition, we investigate the presence of ghosts in the four-dimensional
version of the potential associated with the model above and analyze the reason
why the Coulomb singularity is absent from this system. The no-go theorem by
Ostrogradski is demystified as well.


title: Capacities of Quantum Amplifier Channels

abstract:
  Quantum amplifier channels are at the core of several physical processes. Not
only do they model the optical process of spontaneous parametric
down-conversion, but the transformation corresponding to an amplifier channel
also describes the physics of the dynamical Casimir effect in superconducting
circuits, the Unruh effect, and Hawking radiation. Here we study the
communication capabilities of quantum amplifier channels. Invoking a recently
established minimum output-entropy theorem for single-mode phase-insensitive
Gaussian channels, we determine capacities of quantum-limited amplifier
channels in three different scenarios. First, we establish the capacities of
quantum-limited amplifier channels for one of the most general communication
tasks, characterized by the trade-off between classical communication, quantum
communication, and entanglement generation or consumption. Second, we establish
capacities of quantum-limited amplifier channels for the trade-off between
public classical communication, private classical communication, and secret key
generation. Third, we determine the capacity region for a broadcast channel
induced by the quantum-limited amplifier channel, and we also show that a fully
quantum strategy outperforms those achieved by classical coherent detection
strategies. In all three scenarios, we find that the capacities significantly
outperform communication rates achieved with a naive time-sharing strategy.


title:
Supernova Remnants in the Local Group I: A model for the radio
  luminosity function and visibility times of supernova remnants

abstract:
  Supernova remnants (SNRs) in Local Group galaxies offer unique insights into
the origin of different types of supernovae. In order to take full advantage of
these insights, one must understand the intrinsic and environmental diversity
of SNRs in the context of their host galaxies. We introduce a semi-analytic
model that reproduces the statistical properties of a radio continuum-selected
SNR population, taking into account the detection limits of radio surveys, the
range of SN kinetic energies, the measured ISM and stellar mass distribution in
the host galaxy from multi-wavelength images and the current understanding of
electron acceleration and field amplification in SNR shocks from
first-principle kinetic simulations. Applying our model to the SNR population
in M33, we reproduce the SNR radio luminosity function with a median SN rate of
$\sim 3.1 \times 10^{-3}$ per year and an electron acceleration efficiency,
$\epsilon_{\rm{e}} \sim 4.2 \times 10^{-3}$. We predict that the radio
visibility times of $\sim 70\%$ of M33 SNRs will be determined by their
Sedov-Taylor lifetimes, and correlated with the measured ISM column density,
$N_H$ ($t_{\rm{vis}} \propto N_H^{-a}$, with $a \sim 0.33$) while the remaining
will have visibility times determined by the detection limit of the radio
survey. These observational constraints on the visibility time of SNRs will
allow us to use SNR catalogs as `SN surveys' to calculate SN rates and delay
time distributions in the Local Group.


title: Habitable Zones of Post-Main Sequence Stars

abstract:
  Once a star leaves the main sequence and becomes a red giant, its Habitable
Zone (HZ) moves outward, promoting detectable habitable conditions at larger
orbital distances. We use a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate and
stellar evolutionary models to calculate post-MS HZ distances for a grid of
stars from 3,700K to 10,000K (~M1 to A5 stellar types) for different stellar
metallicities. The post-MS HZ limits are comparable to the distances of known
directly imaged planets. We model the stellar as well as planetary atmospheric
mass loss during the Red Giant Branch (RGB) and Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB)
phases for super-Moons to super-Earths. A planet can stay between 200 million
years up to 9 Gyr in the post-MS HZ for our hottest and coldest grid stars,
respectively, assuming solar metallicity. These numbers increase for increased
stellar metallicity. Total atmospheric erosion only occurs for planets in
close-in orbits. The post-MS HZ orbital distances are within detection
capabilities of direct imaging techniques.


title:
Superluminous supernova progenitors have a half-solar metallicity
  threshold

abstract:
  Host galaxy properties provide strong constraints on the stellar progenitors
of superluminous supernovae. By comparing a sample of 19 low-redshift (z < 0.3)
superluminous supernova hosts to galaxy populations in the local Universe, we
show that sub-solar metallicities seem to be a requirement. All superluminous
supernovae in hosts with high measured gas-phase metallicities are found to
explode at large galactocentric radii, indicating that the metallicity at the
explosion site is likely lower than the integrated host value. We found that
superluminous supernovae hosts do not always have star-formation rates higher
than typical star-forming galaxies of the same mass. However, we confirm that
high absolute specific star-formation rates are a feature of superluminous
supernova host galaxies, but interpret this as simply a consequence of the
anti-correlation between gas-phase metallicity and specific star-formation rate
and the requirement of on-going star formation to produce young, massive stars
greater than ~ 10-20 M_sol. Based on our sample, we propose an upper limit of ~
0.5 Z_sol for forming superluminous supernova progenitors (assuming an N2
metallicity diagnostic and a solar oxygen abundance of 8.69). Finally, we show
that if magnetar powering is the source of the extreme luminosity then the
required initial spins appear to be correlated with metallicity of the host
galaxy. This correlation needs further work, but if it holds it is a powerful
link between the supernova parameters and nature of the progenitor population.


title: Terrestrial Effects Of Nearby Supernovae In The Early Pleistocene

abstract:
  Recent results have strongly confirmed that multiple supernovae happened at
distances ~100 pc consisting of two main events: one at 1.7 to 3.2 million
years ago, and the other at 6.5 to 8.7 million years ago. These events are said
to be responsible for excavating the Local Bubble in the interstellar medium
and depositing 60Fe on Earth and the Moon. Other events are indicated by
effects in the local cosmic ray (CR) spectrum. Given this updated and refined
picture, we ask whether such supernovae are expected to have had substantial
effects on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota. In a first cut at the most
probable cases, combining photon and cosmic ray effects, we find that a
supernova at 100 pc can have only a small effect on terrestrial organisms from
visible light and that chemical changes such as ozone depletion are weak.
However, tropospheric ionization right down to the ground due to the
penetration of $\geq$TeV cosmic rays will increase by nearly an order of
magnitude for thousands of years, and irradiation by muons on the ground and in
the upper ocean will increase 20-fold, which will approximately triple the
overall radiation load on terrestrial organisms. Such irradiation has been
linked to possible changes in climate and increased cancer and mutation rates.
This may be related to a minor mass extinction around the Pliocene-Pleistocene
boundary, and further research on the effects is needed.

categories: astro-ph.HE astro-ph.EP physics.ao-ph physics.geo-ph q-bio.PE


title: Angular Momentum Regulates Atomic Gas Fractions of Galactic Disks

abstract:
  We show that the mass fraction f_atm = 1.35*MHI/M of neutral atomic gas (HI
and He) in isolated local disk galaxies of baryonic mass M is well described by
a straightforward stability model for flat exponential disks. In the outer disk
parts, where gas at the characteristic dispersion of the warm neutral medium is
stable in the sense of Toomre (1964), the disk consists of neutral atomic gas;
conversely the inner part where this medium would be Toomre-unstable, is
dominated by stars and molecules. Within this model, f_atm only depends on a
global stability parameter q=j*sigma/(GM), where j is the baryonic specific
angular momentum of the disk and sigma the velocity dispersion of the atomic
gas. The analytically derived first-order solution f_atm = min{1,2.5q^1.12}
provides a good fit to all plausible rotation curves. This model, with no free
parameters, agrees remarkably well (+-0.2 dex) with measurements of f_atm in
isolated local disk galaxies, even with galaxies that are extremely HI-rich or
HI-poor for their mass. The finding that f_atm increases monotonically with q
for pure stability reasons offers a powerful intuitive explanation for the mean
variation of f_atm with M: in a cold dark matter universe galaxies are expected
to follow j~M^(2/3), which implies the average scaling q~M^(-1/3) and hence
f_atm~M^(-0.37), in agreement with observations.


title:
Direct imaging of a digital-micromirror device for configurable
  microscopic optical potentials

abstract:
  Programable spatial light modulators (SLMs) have significantly advanced the
configurable optical trapping of particles. Typically, these devices are
utilized in the Fourier plane of an optical system, but direct imaging of an
amplitude pattern can potentially result in increased simplicity and
computational speed. Here we demonstrate high-resolution direct imaging of a
digital micromirror device (DMD) at high numerical apertures (NA), which we
apply to the optical trapping of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We utilise a
(1200 x 1920) pixel DMD and commercially available 0.45 NA microscope
objectives, finding that atoms confined in a hybrid optical/magnetic or
all-optical potential can be patterned using repulsive blue-detuned (532 nm)
light with 630(10) nm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution, within 5%
of the diffraction limit. The result is near arbitrary control of the density
the BEC without the need for expensive custom optics. We also introduce the
technique of time-averaged DMD potentials, demonstrating the ability to produce
multiple grayscale levels with minimal heating of the atomic cloud, by
utilising the high switching speed (20 kHz maximum) of the DMD. These
techniques will enable the realization and control of diverse optical
potentials for superfluid dynamics and atomtronics applications with quantum
gases. The performance of this system in a direct imaging configuration has
wider application for optical trapping at non-trivial NAs.


title: Quasi-Superradiant Soliton State of Matter in Quantum Metamaterials

abstract:
  Strong interaction of a system of quantum emitters (e.g., two-level atoms)
with electromagnetic field induces specific correlations in the system
accompanied by a drastic insrease of emitted radiation (superradiation or
superfluorescence). Despite the fact that since its prediction this phenomenon
was subject to a vigorous experimental and theoretical research, there remain
open question, in particular, concerning the possibility of a first order phase
transition to the superradiant state from the vacuum state. In systems of
natural and charge-based artificial atome this transition is prohibited by
"no-go" theorems. Here we demonstrate numerically a similar transition in a
one-dimensional quantum metamaterial - a chain of artificial atoms (qubits)
strongly interacting with classical electromagnetic fields in a transmission
line. The system switches from vacuum state with zero classical electromagnetic
fields and all qubits being in the ground state to the quasi-superradiant (QS)
phase with one or several magnetic solitons and finite average occupation of
qubit excited states along the transmission line. A quantum metamaterial in the
QS phase circumvents the "no-go" restrictions by considerably decreasing its
total energy relative to the vacuum state by exciting nonlinear electromagnetic
solitons with many nonlinearly coupled electromagnetic modes in the presence of
external magnetic field.


title: Daala: A Perceptually-Driven Still Picture Codec

abstract:
  Daala is a new royalty-free video codec based on perceptually-driven coding
techniques. We explore using its keyframe format for still picture coding and
show how it has improved over the past year. We believe the technology used in
Daala could be the basis of an excellent, royalty-free image format.


title: Revealing the dark side of a bright exciton polariton condensate

abstract:
  Condensation of bosons causes spectacular phenomena such as superfluidity or
superconductivity. Understanding the nature of the condensed particles is
crucial for active control of such quantum phases. Fascinating possibilities
emerge from condensates of light-matter coupled excitations, such as exciton
polaritons, photons hybridized with hydrogen-like bound electron-hole pairs. So
far, only the photon component has been resolved, while even the mere existence
of excitons in the condensed regime has been challenged. Here we trace the
matter component of polariton condensates by monitoring intra-excitonic
terahertz transitions. We study how a reservoir of optically dark excitons
forms and feeds the degenerate state. Unlike atomic gases, the atom-like
transition in excitons is dramatically renormalized upon macroscopic ground
state population. Our results establish fundamental differences between
polariton condensation and photon lasing and open possibilities for coherent
control of condensates.


title: Classification of Big Data with Application to Imaging Genetics

abstract:
  Big data applications, such as medical imaging and genetics, typically
generate datasets that consist of few observations n on many more variables p,
a scenario that we denote as p>>n. Traditional data processing methods are
often insufficient for extracting information out of big data. This calls for
the development of new algorithms that can deal with the size, complexity, and
the special structure of such datasets. In this paper, we consider the problem
of classifying p>>n data and propose a classification method based on linear
discriminant analysis (LDA). Traditional LDA depends on the covariance estimate
of the data, but when p>>n the sample covariance estimate is singular. The
proposed method estimates the covariance by using a sparse version of noisy
principal component analysis (nPCA). The use of sparsity in this setting aims
at automatically selecting variables that are relevant for classification. In
experiments, the new method is compared to state-of-the art methods for big
data problems using both simulated datasets and imaging genetics datasets.


title: The average number of divisors of the Euler function

abstract:
  The upper bound and the lower bound of average numbers of divisors of Euler
Phi function and Carmichael Lambda function are obtained by Luca and Pomerance
(see \cite{LP}). We improve the lower bound and provide a heuristic argument
which suggests that the upper bound given by \cite{LP} is indeed close to the
truth.


title:
Self-Reflective Risk-Aware Artificial Cognitive Modeling for Robot
  Response to Human Behaviors

abstract:
  In order for cooperative robots ("co-robots") to respond to human behaviors
accurately and efficiently in human-robot collaboration, interpretation of
human actions, awareness of new situations, and appropriate decision making are
all crucial abilities for co-robots. For this purpose, the human behaviors
should be interpreted by co-robots in the same manner as human peers. To
address this issue, a novel interpretability indicator is introduced so that
robot actions are appropriate to the current human behaviors. In addition, the
complete consideration of all potential situations of a robot's environment is
nearly impossible in real-world applications, making it difficult for the
co-robot to act appropriately and safely in new scenarios. This is true even
when the pretrained model is highly accurate in a known situation. For
effective and safe teaming with humans, we introduce a new generalizability
indicator that allows a co-robot to self-reflect and reason about when an
observation falls outside the co-robot's learned model. Based on topic modeling
and two novel indicators, we propose a new Self-reflective Risk-aware
Artificial Cognitive (SRAC) model. The co-robots are able to consider action
risks and identify new situations so that better decisions can be made.
Experiments both using real-world datasets and on physical robots suggest that
our SRAC model significantly outperforms the traditional methodology and
enables better decision making in response to human activities.


title: Sudakov effects in photon-initiated processes

abstract:
  We consider the effect of the Sudakov factor in photon-initiated processes,
corresponding to the no branching probability for the initial-state photon. We
demonstrate how such a factor follows simply from the solution of the DGLAP
equation for the photon PDF, and is therefore included automatically by this.
We use this result to argue that the appropriate scale for the QED coupling
$\alpha$ associated with an initial-state photon is not the virtuality of the
photon, but rather the factorization scale at which the photon PDF is
evaluated, and therefore that the use of the on-shell renormalization scheme is
not appropriate for such processes. We also discuss exclusive photon-initiated
processes, and demonstrate that no explicit Sudakov factor is required in this
case.


title:
Percolation network dynamicity and sheet dynamics governed viscous
  behavior of poly-dispersed Graphene nano-sheet suspensions

abstract:
  The viscosity of Graphene nano-sheet suspensions (GNS)and its behavior with
temperature and concentration have been experimentally determined. A physical
mechanism for the enhanced viscosity over the base fluids has been proposed for
the poly-dispersed GNSs. Experimental data reveals that enhancement of
viscosity for GNSs lie in between that of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions (CNTSs)
and nano Alumina suspensions (nAS) , indicating the hybrid mechanism of
percolation (like CNTs) and Brownian motion assisted sheet dynamics (like
Alumina particles). Sheet dynamics and percolation, along with a proposed
percolation Network Dynamicity Factor; have been used to determine a
dimensionally consistent analytical model to accurately determine and explain
the viscosity of poly-dispersed GNSs. It has been hypothesized that the dynamic
sheets behave qualitatively analogous to gas molecules. The model also provides
insight into the mechanisms of viscous behavior of different dilute
nanoparticle suspensions. The model has been found to be in agreement with the
GNS experimental data, and even for CNT and nano Alumina suspensions.


title:
Helium diffraction on SiC grown graphene, qualitative and quantitative
  description with the hard corrugated wall model

abstract:
  The Moir\'{e} structure of epitaxial graphene mono layer grown on
6H-SiC(0001) has been investigated recently by grazing incidence fast atom
diffraction, and the results were compared with the calculation of the
structure \textit{ab initio} and exact diffraction codes. We review these
results and present a complementary approach using the Hard Wall Model to
extract information without any \textit{a priori}. Reversely, taking advantage
of previous exact calculations we evaluate quantitatively the performance of
this simplified approach by comparing predictions using the same potential
energy surface.


title: The topology of card transaction money flows

abstract:
  Money flow models are essential tools to understand different economical
phenomena, like saving propensities and wealth distributions. In spite of their
importance, most of them are based on synthetic transaction networks with
simple topologies, e.g. random or scale-free ones, as the characterisation of
real networks is made difficult by the confidentiality and sensitivity of money
transaction data. Here we present an analysis of the topology created by real
credit card transactions from one of the biggest world banks, and show how
different distributions, e.g. number of transactions per card or amount, have
nontrivial characteristics. We further describe a stochastic model to create
transactions data sets, feeding from the obtained distributions, which will
allow researchers to create more realistic money flow models.


title:
Fifteen Years of Cold Matter on the Atom Chip: Promise, Realizations,
  and Prospects

abstract:
  Here we review the field of atom chips in the context of Bose-Einstein
Condensates (BEC) as well as cold matter in general. Twenty years after the
first realization of the BEC and fifteen years after the realization of the
atom chip, the latter has been found to enable extraordinary feats: from
producing BECs at a rate of several per second, through the realization of
matter-wave interferometry, and all the way to novel probing of surfaces and
new forces. In addition, technological applications are also being intensively
pursued. This review will describe these developments and more, including new
ideas which have not yet been realized.


title: Value-at-Risk: The Effect of Autoregression in a Quantile Process

abstract:
  Value-at-Risk (VaR) is an institutional measure of risk favored by financial
regulators. VaR may be interpreted as a quantile of future portfolio values
conditional on the information available, where the most common quantile used
is 95%. Here we demonstrate Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk, first
introduced by Engle, Manganelli (2001). CAViaR suggests that negative/positive
returns are not i.i.d., and that there is significant autocorrelation. The
model is tested using data from 1986- 1999 and 1999-2009 for GM, IBM, XOM, SPX,
and then validated via the dynamic quantile test. Results suggest that the
tails (upper/lower quantile) of a distribution of returns behave differently
than the core.


title: Mortgages and Refinancing

abstract:
  In general, homeowners refinance in response to a decrease in interest rates,
as their borrowing costs are lowered. However, it is worth investigating the
effects of refinancing after taking the underlying costs into consideration.
Here we develop a synthetic mortgage calculator that sufficiently accounts for
such costs and the implications on new monthly payments. To confirm the
accuracy of the calculator, we simulate the effects of refinancing over 15 and
30 year periods. We then model the effects of refinancing as risk to the issuer
of the mortgage, as there is negative duration associated with shifts in the
interest rate. Furthermore, we investigate the effects on the swap market as
well as the treasury bond market. We model stochastic interest rates using the
Vasicek model.


title:
Isotoxal star-shaped polygonal voids and rigid inclusions in nonuniform
  antiplane shear fields. Part II: Singularities, annihilation and invisibility

abstract:
  Notch stress intensity factors and stress intensity factors are obtained
analytically for isotoxal star-shaped polygonal voids and rigid inclusions (and
also for the corresponding limit cases of star-shaped cracks and stiffeners),
when loaded through remote inhomogeneous (self-equilibrated, polynomial)
antiplane shear stress in an infinite linear elastic matrix. Usually these
solutions show stress singularities at the inclusion corners. It is shown that
an infinite set of geometries and loading conditions exist for which not only
the singularity is absent, but the stress vanishes ('annihilates') at the
corners. Thus the material, which even without the inclusion corners would have
a finite stress, remains unstressed at these points in spite of the applied
remote load. Moreover, similar conditions are determined in which a star-shaped
crack or stiffener leaves the ambient stress completely unperturbed, thus
reaching a condition of 'quasi-static invisibility'. Stress annihilation and
invisibility define optimal loading modes for the overall strength of a
composite and are useful for designing ultra-resistant materials.


title: Stochastic Effects in a Discretized Kinetic Model of Economic Exchange

abstract:
  Linear stochastic models and discretized kinetic theory are two complementary
analytical techniques used for the investigation of complex systems of economic
interactions. The former employ Langevin equations, with an emphasis on stock
trade; the latter is based on systems of ordinary differential equations and is
better suited for the description of binary interactions, taxation and welfare
redistribution. We propose a new framework which establishes a connection
between the two approaches by introducing stochastic effects into the kinetic
model based on Langevin and Fokker-Planck formalisms. Numerical simulations of
the resulting model indicate positive correlations between the Gini index and
the total wealth, that suggests a growing inequality with increasing income.
Further analysis shows a simultaneous decrease in inequality as social mobility
increases in presence of a conserved total wealth, in conformity with economic
data.


title: Singlet Model Interference Effects with High Scale UV Physics

abstract:
  One of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model (SM) is the addition of
a scalar gauge singlet, S. If S is not forbidden by a symmetry from mixing with
the Standard Model Higgs boson, the mixing will generate non-SM rates for Higgs
production and decays. In general, there could also be unknown high energy
physics that generates additional effective low energy interactions. We show
that interference effects between the scalar resonance of the singlet model and
the effective field theory (EFT) operators can have significant effects in the
Higgs sector. We examine a non-$Z_2$ symmetric scalar singlet model and
demonstrate that a fit to the 125 GeV Higgs boson couplings and to limits on
high mass resonances, S, exhibit an interesting structure and possible large
cancellations of effects between the resonance contribution and the new EFT
interactions, that invalidate conclusions based on the renormalizable singlet
model alone.


title:
Extended nonlinear feedback model for describing episodes of high
  inflation

abstract:
  An extension of the nonlinear feedback (NLF) formalism to describe regimes of
hyper- and high-inflation in economy is proposed in the present work. In the
NLF model the consumer price index (CPI) exhibits a finite time singularity of
the type $1/(t_c -t)^{(1- \beta)/\beta}$, with $\beta>0$, predicting a blow up
of the economy at a critical time $t_c$. However, this model fails in
determining $t_c$ in the case of weak hyperinflation regimes like, e.g., that
occurred in Israel. To overcome this trouble, the NLF model is extended by
introducing a parameter $\gamma$, which multiplies all therms with past growth
rate index (GRI). In this novel approach the solution for CPI is also analytic
being proportional to the Gaussian hypergeometric function
$_2F_1(1/\beta,1/\beta,1+1/\beta;z)$, where $z$ is a function of $\beta$,
$\gamma$, and $t_c$. For $z \to 1$ this hypergeometric function diverges
leading to a finite time singularity, from which a value of $t_c$ can be
determined. This singularity is also present in GRI. It is shown that the
interplay between parameters $\beta$ and $\gamma$ may produce phenomena of
multiple equilibria. An analysis of the severe hyperinflation occurred in
Hungary proves that the novel model is robust. When this model is used for
examining data of Israel a reasonable $t_c$ is got. High-inflation regimes in
Mexico and Iceland, which exhibit weaker inflations than that of Israel, are
also successfully described.


title: Typicality in spin network states of quantum geometry

abstract:
  In this work, we extend the so-called typicality approach, originally
formulated in statistical mechanics contexts, to $SU(2)$-invariant spin-network
states. Our results do not depend on the physical interpretation of the spin
network; however, they are mainly motivated by the fact that spin-network
states can describe states of quantum geometry, providing a gauge-invariant
basis for the kinematical Hilbert space of several background-independent
approaches to quantum gravity. The first result is, by itself, the existence of
a regime in which we show the emergence of a typical state. We interpret this
as the proof that in that regime there are certain (local) properties of
quantum geometry which are "universal". Such a set of properties is heralded by
the typical state, of which we give the explicit form. This is our second
result. In the end, we study some interesting properties of the typical state,
proving that the area law for the entropy of a surface must be satisfied at the
local level, up to logarithmic corrections which we are able to bound.


title:
Ionic Diffusion and Electronic Transport in Eldfellite
  Na$_x$Fe(SO$_4$)$_2$

abstract:
  Discovering new electrodes for sodium-ion battery requires clear
understanding of the material process during battery operation. Using
first-principles calculations, we identify mechanisms of ionic diffusion and
electronic transfer in newly developed cathode material, eldfellite
Na$_x$Fe(SO$_4$)$_2$, reproducing the electrochemical properties in good
agreement with experiment. The inserted sodium atom is suggested to diffuse
along the two-dimensional pathway with preceding movement of the host sodium
atom, and the activation energy is calculated to be reasonable for fast
insertion. We calculate the electronic properties, showing the band insulating
at low composition of inserted sodium, for which the electron polaron formation
and hoping are also suggested. Our results may contribute to opening a new way
of developing innovative cathode materials based on iron and sulfate ion.


title: Quantum theory of securities price formation in financial markets

abstract:
  We develop a theory of securities price formation and dynamics based on
quantum approach and without presuming any similarities with quantum mechanics.
Disorder introduced by trading environment leads to probability distribution of
returns that is not a smooth curve, but a speckle-pattern fluctuating in both
price coordinate and time. This means that any given return can at times
acquire a substantial probability of occurring while remaining low on average
in time. Still, due to local character of order interaction during price
formation the distribution width grows smoothly, has a minimum value at small
time scale and a square root behavior at large time scale. Examples of
calibration to market data, both intraday and daily, are provided.


title: How brokers can optimally plot against traders

abstract:
  Traders buy and sell financial instruments in hopes of making profit, and
brokers are responsible for the transaction. Some brokers, known as
market-makers, take the position opposite to the trader's. If the trader buys,
they sell; if the trader sells, they buy. Said differently, brokers make money
whenever their traders lose money. From this somewhat strange mechanism emerge
various conspiracy theories, notably that brokers manipulate prices in order to
maximize their traders' losses. In this paper, our goal is to perform this evil
task optimally. Assuming total control over the price of an asset (ignoring the
usual aspects of finance such as market conditions, external influence or
stochasticity), we show how in cubic time, given a set of trades specified by a
stop-loss and a take-profit price, a broker can find a maximum loss price
movement. We also study the same problem under a model of probabilistic trades.
We finally look at the online trade setting, where broker and trader exchange
turns, each trying to make a profit. We show that the best option for the
trader is to never trade.


title: Spontaneous Emission in Nonlocal Materials

abstract:
  Light-matter interactions can be dramatically modified by the surrounding
environment. Here we report on the first experimental observation of molecular
spontaneous emission inside a highly nonlocal metamaterial based on a plasmonic
nanorod assembly. We show that the emission process is dominated not only by
the topology of its local effective medium dispersion, but also by the nonlocal
response of the composite, so that metamaterials with different geometric
parameters but the same local effective medium properties exhibit different
Purcell factors. A record-high enhancement of a decay rate is observed, in
agreement with the developed quantitative description of the Purcell effect in
a nonlocal medium. An engineered material nonlocality introduces an additional
degree of freedom into quantum electrodynamics, enabling new applications in
quantum information processing, photo-chemistry, imaging, and sensing.


title: Viziometrics: Analyzing Visual Information in the Scientific Literature

abstract:
  Scientific results are communicated visually in the literature through
diagrams, visualizations, and photographs. These information-dense objects have
been largely ignored in bibliometrics and scientometrics studies when compared
to citations and text. In this paper, we use techniques from computer vision
and machine learning to classify more than 8 million figures from PubMed into 5
figure types and study the resulting patterns of visual information as they
relate to impact. We find that the distribution of figures and figure types in
the literature has remained relatively constant over time, but can vary widely
across field and topic. Remarkably, we find a significant correlation between
scientific impact and the use of visual information, where higher impact papers
tend to include more diagrams, and to a lesser extent more plots and
photographs. To explore these results and other ways of extracting this visual
information, we have built a visual browser to illustrate the concept and
explore design alternatives for supporting viziometric analysis and organizing
visual information. We use these results to articulate a new research agenda --
viziometrics -- to study the organization and presentation of visual
information in the scientific literature.


title: Global Energetics of Solar Flares: IV. Coronal Mass Ejection Energetics

abstract:
  This study entails the fourth part of a global flare energetics project, in
which the mass $m_{\mathrm{cme}}$, kinetic energy $E_{\mathrm{kin}}$, and the
gravitational potential energy $E_{\mathrm{grav}}$ of coronal mass ejections
(CMEs) is measured in 399 M and X-class flare events observed during the first
3.5 yrs of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) mission, using a new method
based on the EUV dimming effect. The EUV dimming is modeled in terms of a
radial adiabatic expansion process, which is fitted to the observed evolution
of the total emission measure of the CME source region. The model derives the
evolution of the mean electron density, the emission measure, the bulk plasma
expansion velocity, the mass, and the energy in the CME source region. The EUV
dimming method is truly complementary to the Thomson scattering method in white
light, which probes the CME evolution in the heliosphere at $r > 2 R_{\odot}$,
while the EUV dimming method tracks the CME launch in the corona. We compare
the CME parameters obtained in white light with the LASCO/C2 coronagraph with
those obtained from EUV dimming with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)
onboard SDO for all identical events in both data sets. We investigate
correlations between CME parameters, the relative timing with flare parameters,
frequency occurrence distributions, and the energy partition between magnetic,
thermal, nonthermal, and CME energies. CME energies are found to be
systematically lower than the dissipated magnetic energies, which is consistent
with a magnetic origin of CMEs.


title: Demazure character formula for semi-infinite flag varieties

abstract:
  We provide a proof that every Schubert variety of a semi-infinite flag
variety is projectively normal. This gives us an interpretation of a Demazure
module of a global Weyl module of a current Lie algebra as the (dual) space of
the space of global sections of a semi-infinite Schubert variety. Moreover, we
give geometric realizations of Feigin-Makedonskyi's generalized Weyl modules,
and the $t = \infty$ specialization of non-symmetric Macdonald polynomials.


title: Polarization and dilepton anisotropy in pion-nucleon collisions

abstract:
  Hadronic polarization and the related anisotropy of the dilepton angular
distribution are studied for the reaction $\pi N \rightarrow Ne^+ e^-$. We
employ consistent effective interactions for baryon resonances up to spin-5/2,
where non-physical degrees of freedom are eliminated, to compute the anisotropy
coefficients for isolated intermediate baryon resonances. It is shown that the
spin and parity of the intermediate baryon resonance is reflected in the
angular dependence of the anisotropy coefficient. We then compute the
anisotropy coefficient including the $N(1520)$ and $N(1440)$ resonances, which
are essential at the collision energy of the recent data obtained by the HADES
collaboration on this reaction. We conclude that the anisotropy coefficient
provides useful constraints for unravelling the resonance contributions to this
process.


title: Probing the Geometry of Data with Diffusion Fr\'echet Functions

abstract:
  Many complex ecosystems, such as those formed by multiple microbial taxa,
involve intricate interactions amongst various sub-communities. The most basic
relationships are frequently modeled as co-occurrence networks in which the
nodes represent the various players in the community and the weighted edges
encode levels of interaction. In this setting, the composition of a community
may be viewed as a probability distribution on the nodes of the network. This
paper develops methods for modeling the organization of such data, as well as
their Euclidean counterparts, across spatial scales. Using the notion of
diffusion distance, we introduce diffusion Frechet functions and diffusion
Frechet vectors associated with probability distributions on Euclidean space
and the vertex set of a weighted network, respectively. We prove that these
functional statistics are stable with respect to the Wasserstein distance
between probability measures, thus yielding robust descriptors of their shapes.
We apply the methodology to investigate bacterial communities in the human gut,
seeking to characterize divergence from intestinal homeostasis in patients with
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and the effects of fecal microbiota
transplantation, a treatment used in CDI patients that has proven to be
significantly more effective than traditional treatment with antibiotics. The
proposed method proves useful in deriving a biomarker that might help elucidate
the mechanisms that drive these processes.


title:
Surface acoustic wave regulated single photon emission from a coupled
  quantum dot-nanocavity system

abstract:
  A coupled quantum dot--nanocavity system in the weak coupling regime of
cavity quantumelectrodynamics is dynamically tuned in and out of resonance by
the coherent elastic field of a $f_{\rm SAW}\simeq800\,\mathrm{MHz}$ surface
acoustic wave. When the system is brought to resonance by the sound wave,
light-matter interaction is strongly increased by the Purcell effect. This
leads to a precisely timed single photon emission as confirmed by the second
order photon correlation function $g^{(2)}$. All relevant frequencies of our
experiment are faithfully identified in the Fourier transform of $g^{(2)}$,
demonstrating high fidelity regulation of the stream of single photons emitted
by the system.

categories: cond-mat.mes-hall physics.app-ph physics.optics quant-ph


title: Transverse acousto-electric effect in superconductors

abstract:
  We formulate a theory based on the time-dependent Ginzburg Landau (TDGL)
theory and Newtonian vortex dynamics to study the transverse acousto-electric
response of a type-II superconductor with Abrikosov vortex lattice. When
exposed to a transverse acoustic wave, Cooper pairs emerge from the the moving
atomic lattice and moving electrons. As in the Tolman-Stewart effect in a
normal metal, an electromagnetic field is radiated from the superconductor. We
adapt the equilibrium-based TDGL theory to this non-equilibrium system by using
a floating condensation kernel. Due to the interaction between normal and
superconducting components, the radiated electric field as a function of
magnetic field attains a maximum value occurring below the upper critical
magnetic field. This local increase in electric field has weak temperature
dependence and is suppressed by the presence of impurities in the
superconductor.


title: Experimental x-ray ghost imaging

abstract:
  We report an experimental proof of principle for ghost imaging in the hard
x-ray energy range. We used a synchrotron x-ray beam that was split using a
thin crystal in Laue diffraction geometry. With an ultra-fast imaging camera,
we were able to image x-rays generated by isolated electron bunches. At this
time scale, the shot noise of the synchrotron emission process is measurable as
speckles, leading to speckle correlation between the two beams. The integrated
transmitted intensity from a sample located in the first beam was correlated
with the spatially resolved intensity measured on the second, empty, beam to
retrieve the shadow of the sample. The demonstration of ghost imaging with hard
x-rays may open the way to protocols to reduce radiation damage in medical
imaging and in non-destructive structural characterization using Free Electron
Lasers.


title:
Abasy Atlas: A comprehensive inventory of systems, global network
  properties and systems-level elements across bacteria

abstract:
  The availability of databases electronically encoding curated regulatory
networks and of high-throughput technologies and methods to discover regulatory
interactions provides an invaluable source of data to understand the principles
underpinning the organization and evolution of these networks responsible for
cellular regulation. Nevertheless, data on these sources never goes beyond the
regulon level despite the fact that regulatory networks are complex
hierarchical-modular structures still challenging our understanding. This
brings the necessity for an inventory of systems across a large range of
organisms, a key step to rendering feasible comparative systems biology
approaches. In this work, we take the first step towards a global understanding
of the regulatory networks organization by making a cartography of the
functional architectures of diverse bacteria. Abasy (Across-bacteria systems)
Atlas provides a comprehensive inventory of annotated functional systems,
global network properties, and systems-level elements (global regulators,
modular genes shaping functional systems, basal machinery genes, and
intermodular genes) predicted by the natural decomposition approach for
reconstructed and meta-curated regulatory networks across a large range of
bacteria, including pathogenically and biotechnologically relevant organisms.
The meta-curation of regulatory datasets provides the most complete and
reliable set of regulatory interactions currently available. Abasy Atlas
contains systems and system-level elements for 50 regulatory networks
comprising 78,649 regulatory interactions covering 42 bacteria in nine taxa,
containing 3,708 regulons and 1,776 systems. All this brings together a large
corpus of data that will surely inspire studies to generate hypothesis
regarding the principles governing the evolution and organization of systems
and the functional architectures controlling them.


title: Interaction between mountain waves and shear flow in an inertial layer

abstract:
  Mountain-generated inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) affect the dynamics of both
the atmosphere and the ocean through the mean force they exert as they interact
with the flow. A key to this interaction is the presence of critical-level
singularities or, when planetary rotation is taken into account, inertial-level
singularities, where the Doppler-shifted wave frequency matches the local
Coriolis frequency. We examine the role of the latter singularities by studying
the steady wavepacket generated by a multiscale mountain in a rotating linear
shear flow at low Rossby number. Using a combination of WKB and saddle-point
approximations, we provide an explicit description of the form of the
wavepacket, of the mean forcing it induces, and of the mean-flow response.
  We identify two distinguished regimes of wave propagation: Regime I applies
far enough from a dominant inertial level for the standard ray-tracing
approximation to be valid; Regime II applies to a thin region where the
wavepacket structure is controlled by the inertial-level singularities. The
wave--mean-flow interaction is governed by the change in Eliassen--Palm (or
pseudomomentum) flux. This change is localised in a thin inertial layer where
the wavepacket takes a limiting form of that found in Regime II. We solve a
quasi-geostrophic potential-vorticity equation forced by the divergence of the
Eliassen--Palm flux to compute the wave-induced mean flow. Our results,
obtained in an inviscid limit, show that the wavepacket reaches a
large-but-finite distance downstream of the mountain (specifically, a distance
of order $k_*^{1/2} \Delta^{3/2}$, where $k_*^{-1}$ and $\Delta$ measure the
wave and envelope scales of the mountain) and extends horizontally over a
similar scale.


title: Twisted Pseudo-differential Operators on Type I Locally Compact Groups

abstract:
  Let $\G$ be a locally compact group satisfying some technical requirements
and $\wG$ its unitary dual. Using the theory of twisted crossed product
$C^*$-algebras, we develop a twisted global quantization for symbols defined on
$\G\times\wG$ and taking operator values. The emphasis is on the
representation-theoretic aspect. For nilpotent Lie groups, the connection is
made with a scalar quantization of the cotangent bundle $T^*(\G)$ and with a
Quantum Mechanical theory of observables in the presence of variable magnetic
fields.


title:
Optimising commensality of radio continuum and spectral line
  observations in the era of the SKA

abstract:
  The substantial decrease in star formation density from z=1 to the present
day is curious given the relatively constant neutral gas density over the same
epoch. Future radio astronomy facilities, including the SKA and pathfinder
telescopes, will provide pioneering measures of both the gas content of
galaxies and star formation activity over cosmological timescales. Here we
investigate the commensalities between neutral atomic gas (HI) and radio
continuum observations, as well as the complementarity of the data products. We
start with the proposed HI and continuum surveys to be undertaken with the SKA
precursor telescope MeerKAT, and building on this, explore optimal combinations
of survey area coverage and depth of proposed HI and continuum surveys to be
undertaken with the SKA1-MID instrument. Intelligent adjustment of these
observational parameters results in a tiered strategy that minimises
observation time while maximising the value of the dataset, both for HI and
continuum science goals. We also find great complementarity between the HI and
continuum datasets, with the spectral line HI data providing redshift
measurements for gas-rich, star-forming galaxies with stellar masses
Mstellar~10^9 Msun to z~0.3, a factor of three lower in stellar mass than would
be feasible to reach with large optical spectroscopic campaigns.


title: Multilevel Particle Filters: Normalizing Constant Estimation

abstract:
  In this article we introduce two new estimates of the normalizing constant
(or marginal likelihood) for partially observed diffusion (POD) processes, with
discrete observations. One estimate is biased but non-negative and the other is
unbiased but not almost surely non-negative. Our method uses the multilevel
particle filter of Jasra et al (2015). We show that, under assumptions, for
Euler discretized PODs and a given $\varepsilon>0$. in order to obtain a mean
square error (MSE) of $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^2)$ one requires a work of
$\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2.5})$ for our new estimates versus a standard
particle filter that requires a work of $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-3})$. Our
theoretical results are supported by numerical simulations.


title:
Ground-state phase diagram of a dipolar condensate with quantum
  fluctuations

abstract:
  We consider the ground state properties of a trapped dipolar condensate under
the influence of quantum fluctuations. We show that this system can undergo a
phase transition from a low density condensate state to a high density droplet
state, which is stabilized by quantum fluctuations. The energetically favored
state depends on the geometry of the confining potential, the number of atoms
and the two-body interactions. We develop a simple variational ansatz and
validate it against full numerical solutions. We produce a phase diagram for
the system and present results relevant to current experiments with dysprosium
and erbium condensates.


title:
Accelerated Evaluation of Automated Vehicles Safety in Lane Change
  Scenarios Based on Importance Sampling Techniques

abstract:
  Automated vehicles (AVs) must be evaluated thoroughly before their release
and deployment. A widely-used evaluation approach is the Naturalistic-Field
Operational Test (N-FOT), which tests prototype vehicles directly on the public
roads. Due to the low exposure to safety-critical scenarios, N-FOTs are
time-consuming and expensive to conduct. In this paper, we propose an
accelerated evaluation approach for AVs. The results can be used to generate
motions of the primary other vehicles to accelerate the verification of AVs in
simulations and controlled experiments. Frontal collision due to unsafe cut-ins
is the target crash type of this paper. Human-controlled vehicles making unsafe
lane changes are modeled as the primary disturbance to AVs based on data
collected by the University of Michigan Safety Pilot Model Deployment Program.
The cut-in scenarios are generated based on skewed statistics of collected
human driver behaviors, which generate risky testing scenarios while preserving
the statistical information so that the safety benefits of AVs in
non-accelerated cases can be accurately estimated. The Cross Entropy method is
used to recursively search for the optimal skewing parameters. The frequencies
of occurrence of conflicts, crashes and injuries are estimated for a modeled
automated vehicle, and the achieved accelerated rate is around 2,000 to 20,000.
In other words, in the accelerated simulations, driving for 1,000 miles will
expose the AV with challenging scenarios that will take about 2 to 20 million
miles of real-world driving to encounter. This technique thus has the potential
to reduce greatly the development and validation time for AVs.


title: Performance Characterization of a Commercial Video Streaming Service

abstract:
  Despite the growing popularity of video streaming over the Internet, problems
such as re-buffering and high startup latency continue to plague users. In this
paper, we present an end-to-end characterization of Yahoo's video streaming
service, analyzing over 500 million video chunks downloaded over a two-week
period. We gain unique visibility into the causes of performance degradation by
instrumenting both the CDN server and the client player at the chunk level,
while also collecting frequent snapshots of TCP variables from the server
network stack. We uncover a range of performance issues, including an
asynchronous disk-read timer and cache misses at the server, high latency and
latency variability in the network, and buffering delays and dropped frames at
the client. Looking across chunks in the same session, or destined to the same
IP prefix, we see how some performance problems are relatively persistent,
depending on the video's popularity, the distance between the client and
server, and the client's operating system, browser, and Flash runtime.


title: Very Special Relativity as a background field theory

abstract:
  We consider violation of Lorentz invariance in QED induced by a very high
frequency background wave. An effective theory is obtained by averaging
observables over the rapid field oscillations. This preserves Ward identities
and restores translation invariance below the high frequency scale, but only
partial Lorentz invariance: we show that the effective theory is C-invariant
SIM(2)-QED in Very Special Relativity. Averaging generates the nonlocal terms
familiar from SIM(2) theories, while the short-distance behaviour of the
background field fermion propagator generates the infinite number of
higher-order vertices of SIM(2)-QED.


title: Energy, momentum, and center of mass in general relativity

abstract:
  These notions in the title are of fundamental importance in any branch of
physics. However, there have been great difficulties in finding physically
acceptable definitions of them in general relativity since Einstein's time. I
shall explain these difficulties and progresses that have been made. In
particular, I shall introduce new definitions of center of mass and angular
momentum at both the quasi-local and total levels, which are derived from first
principles in general relativity and by the method of geometric analysis. With
these new definitions, the classical formula p=mv is shown to be consistent
with Einstein's field equation for the first time. This paper is based on joint
work [14][15] with Po-Ning Chen and Shing-Tung Yau.


title: Wilf classification of triples of 4-letter patterns

abstract:
  We determine all 242 Wilf classes of triples of 4-letter patterns by showing
that there are 32 non-singleton Wilf classes. There are 317 symmetry classes of
triples of 4-letter patterns and after computer calculation of initial terms,
the problem reduces to showing that counting sequences that appear to be the
same (agree in the first 16 terms) are in fact identical. The insertion
encoding algorithm (INSENC) accounts for many of these and some others have
been previously counted; in this paper, we find the generating function for
each of the remaining 36 triples and it turns out to be algebraic in every
case. Our methods are both combinatorial and analytic, including decompositions
by left-right maxima and by initial letters. Sometimes this leads to an
algebraic equation for the generating function, sometimes to a functional
equation or a multi-index recurrence that succumbs to the kernel method. A
particularly nice so-called cell decomposition is used in one case and a
bijection is used for another.


title: Periods of Feynman Diagrams and GKZ D-Modules

abstract:
  We study differential equations for Feynman amplitudes and we show that the
corresponding D-module is isomorphic to a GKZ D-modules. We show that the sheaf
of solutions to the D-module is isomorphic to a certain relative homology and
the amplitudes are periods of a relative motive. Using these ideas, we develop
a method of regularization which specializes to dimensional regularization and
analytic regularization.


title:
A Dynamic Multi-cast Routing Algorithm for Opportunistic Networks:
  Implementing the Expected Transmission Count Metric

abstract:
  Cognitive radio (CR) technology enables an intelligent wireless communication
system. CR provides an efficient solution for the inefficient spectrum
utilization by allowing dynamic and opportunistic spectrum access. In designing
CR networks, the main challenge is how to increase network throughput while
protecting the performance of licensed primary radio networks (PRNs) and
keeping the interference between primary users (PUs) and cognitive users (CUs)
within a prescribed threshold. In this work, we develop a multi-cast routing
algorithm that based on the expected transmission count metric (ETX), which
implemented as a metric combined with minimum spanning tree (MST) and shortest
path tree (SPT) schemes according to the various traffic loads in CRN to
determine the path selection method and used the probability of Success (POS)
metric for the channel assignment that used the required transmission time and
the channel availability time in choosing unified channel. The main objective
of our algorithm is to reduce the total number of the expected packet
transmissions (with retransmissions) needed for successfully forwarding a data
packet to a specific group of destinations and provide guarantees on the
chances of a successful transmission over a given channel. This metric is
capable to capture the CRNs environment, in which the channel availabilities
are diversity and dynamically changing due to the dynamic and uncertainty
activity of PUs. Our proposed protocol achieves high-throughput and packet
delivery rate (PDR) through a joint channel assignment and path selection to
the specific destinations. Simulation results is used to demonstrate the
effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in terms of throughput and packet
delivery rate compared to other existing multi-cast routing protocols over
different network conditions by using matlab as a simulations.


title: Twist Regions and Coefficients Stability of the Colored Jones Polynomial

abstract:
  We prove that the coefficients of the colored Jones polynomial of alternating
links stabilize under increasing the number of twists in the twist regions of
the link diagram. This gives us an infinite family of $q$-power series derived
from the colored Jones polynomial parametrized by the color and the twist
regions of the alternating link diagram.


title:
Finite-dimensional output feedback regulator for a mono-tubular
  heatexchanger process

abstract:
  In this work, we consider the output tracking and disturbance rejection
problems of a mono-tubular heat exchanger process and a novel
finite-dimensional output feedback regulator is developed. In the proposed
output feedback regulator design, measurements available for the regulator do
not belong to the set of controlled outputs. In other words, design emphasizes
that other than controlled output is used as input signal to the regulator. The
proposed output feedback regulator with only plant measurement ym(t) can
realize the exosystem state estimation, disturbance rejection and reference
signal tracking, simultaneously. Finally, the results are demonstrated by a
mono-tubular heat exchanger process with specific parameters via the computer
simulation.


title:
Simple Cosmological Solution to the Higgs Instability Problem in the
  Chaotic Inflation and Formation of Primordial Black Holes

abstract:
  We revisit the compatibility between the chaotic inflation, which provides a
natural solution to the initial condition problem, and the metastable
electroweak vacuum, which is suggested by the results of LHC and the current
mass measurements of top quark and Higgs boson. It is known that the chaotic
inflation poses a threat to the stability of the electroweak vacuum because it
easily generates large Higgs fluctuations during inflation or preheating and
triggers the catastrophic vacuum decay. In this paper, we propose a simple
cosmological solution in which the vacuum is stabilized during chaotic
inflation, preheating and after that. This simple solution naturally predicts
the formation of primordial black holes. We find interesting parameter regions
where the present dark matter density is provided by them. Also, the thermal
leptogenesis can be accommodated in our scenario.


title:
Complex Analysis of Askaryan Radiation: A Fully Analytic Treatment
  including the LPM effect and Cascade Form Factor

abstract:
  The Askaryan effect describes coherent electromagnetic radiation from
high-energy cascades in dense media with a collective charge. We present an
analytic model of Askaryan radiation that accounts simultaneously for the
three- dimensional form factor of the cascade, and quantum mechanical cascade
elongation via the Landau-Pomeranchuk- Migdal effect. These calculations, and
the associated open-source code, allow the user to avoid computationally
intensive Monte Carlo cascade simulations. Searches for cosmogenic neutrinos in
Askaryan-based detectors benefit from computational speed, because scans of
Askaryan parameter-space are required to match neutrino signals. The Askaryan
field is derived from cascade equations verified with Geant4 simulations, and
compared with prior numerical and semi-analytic calculations. Finally,
instructive cases of the model are transformed from the Fourier domain to the
time-domain. Next-generation in situ detectors like ARA and ARIANNA can use
analytic time- domain signal models to search for correlations with event
candidates.


title: Natural orbital description of the halo nucleus 6He

abstract:
  Ab initio calculations of nuclei face the challenge of simultaneously
describing strong short-range internucleon correlations and the long-range
properties of weakly-bound halo nucleons. Natural orbitals, which diagonalize
the one-body density matrix, provide a basis which is better matched to the
physical structure of the many-body wave function. We demonstrate that the use
of natural orbitals significantly improves convergence for ab initio no-core
configuration interaction calculations of the neutron halo nucleus 6He,
relative to the traditional oscillator basis.


title: Fault-tolerant composite Householder reflection

abstract:
  We propose a fault-tolerant implementation of the quantum Householder
reflection, which is a key operation in various quantum algorithms,
quantum-state engineering, generation of arbitrary unitaries, and entanglement
characterization. We construct this operation using the modular approach of
composite pulses and a relation between the Householder reflection and the
quantum phase gate. The proposed implementation is highly insensitive to
variations in the experimental parameters, which makes it suitable for
high-fidelity quantum information processing.


title: Effects of RNA branching on the electrostatic stabilization of viruses

abstract:
  Many single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses self assemble from capsid protein
subunits and the nucleic acid to form an infectious virion. It is believed that
the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged RNA and the
positively charged viral capsid proteins drive the encapsidation, although
there is growing evidence that the sequence of the viral RNA also plays a role
in packaging. In particular the sequence will determine the possible secondary
structures that the ssRNA will take in solution. In this work, we use a mean
field theory to investigate how the secondary structure of the RNA combined
with electrostatic interactions affects the efficiency of assembly and
stability of the assembled virions. We show that the secondary structure of RNA
may result in negative osmotic pressures while a linear polymer causes positive
osmotic pressures for the same conditions. This may suggest that the branched
structure makes the RNA more effectively packaged and the virion more stable.


title: Accretion, Outflows, and Winds of Magnetized Stars

abstract:
  Many types of stars have strong magnetic fields that can dynamically
influence the flow of circumstellar matter. In stars with accretion disks, the
stellar magnetic field can truncate the inner disk and determine the paths that
matter can take to flow onto the star. These paths are different in stars with
different magnetospheres and periods of rotation. External field lines of the
magnetosphere may inflate and produce favorable conditions for outflows from
the disk-magnetosphere boundary. Outflows can be particularly strong in the
propeller regime, wherein a star rotates more rapidly than the inner disk.
Outflows may also form at the disk-magnetosphere boundary of slowly rotating
stars, if the magnetosphere is compressed by the accreting matter. In isolated,
strongly magnetized stars, the magnetic field can influence formation and/or
propagation of stellar wind outflows. Winds from low-mass, solar-type stars may
be either thermally or magnetically driven, while winds from massive, luminous
O and B type stars are radiatively driven. In all of these cases, the magnetic
field influences matter flow from the stars and determines many observational
properties. In this chapter we review recent studies of accretion, outflows,
and winds of magnetized stars with a focus on three main topics: (1) accretion
onto magnetized stars; (2) outflows from the disk-magnetosphere boundary; and
(3) winds from isolated massive magnetized stars. We show results obtained from
global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and, in a number of cases compare global
simulations with observations.