title:
Search for two Higgs bosons in final states containing two photons and
  two bottom quarks in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

abstract:
  A search is presented for the production of two Higgs bosons in final states
containing two photons and two bottom quarks. Both resonant and nonresonant
hypotheses are investigated. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) =
8 TeV collected with the CMS detector. Good agreement is observed between data
and predictions of the standard model (SM). Upper limits are set at 95%
confidence level on the production cross section of new particles and compared
to the prediction for the existence of a warped extra dimension. When the decay
to two Higgs bosons is kinematically allowed, assuming a mass scale Lambda[R] =
1 TeV for the model, the data exclude a radion scalar at masses below 980 GeV.
The first Kaluza-Klein excitation mode of the graviton in the RS1
Randall-Sundrum model is excluded for masses between 325 and 450 GeV. An upper
limit of 0.71 pb is set on the nonresonant two-Higgs-boson cross section in the
SM-like hypothesis. Limits are also derived on nonresonant production assuming
anomalous Higgs boson couplings.


title: Dynamical instability of a non-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensate

abstract:
  By imaging single-shot realizations of an organic polariton quantum fluid, we
observe the long-sought dynamical instability of non-equilibrium condensates.
Without any free parameters, we find an excellent agreement between the
experimental data and a numerical simulation of the open-dissipative
Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which allows us to draw several important
conclusions about the physics of the system. We find that the reservoir
dynamics are in the strongly nonadiabatic regime, which renders the complex
Ginzburg-Landau description invalid. The observed transition from stable to
unstable fluid can only be explained by taking into account the specific form
of reservoir-mediated instability as well as particle currents induced by the
finite extent of the pump spot.


title: Edge-exchangeable graphs and sparsity

abstract:
  A known failing of many popular random graph models is that the Aldous-Hoover
Theorem guarantees these graphs are dense with probability one; that is, the
number of edges grows quadratically with the number of nodes. This behavior is
considered unrealistic in observed graphs. We define a notion of edge
exchangeability for random graphs in contrast to the established notion of
infinite exchangeability for random graphs --- which has traditionally relied
on exchangeability of nodes (rather than edges) in a graph. We show that,
unlike node exchangeability, edge exchangeability encompasses models that are
known to provide a projective sequence of random graphs that circumvent the
Aldous-Hoover Theorem and exhibit sparsity, i.e., sub-quadratic growth of the
number of edges with the number of nodes. We show how edge-exchangeability of
graphs relates naturally to existing notions of exchangeability from clustering
(a.k.a. partitions) and other familiar combinatorial structures.


title:
Correlation of the neutron star crust-core properties with the slope of
  the symmetry energy and the lead skin thickness

abstract:
  The correlations of the crust-core transition density and pressure in neutron
stars with the slope of the symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness are
investigated, using different families of relativistic mean field
parametrizations with constant couplings and non-linear terms mixing the
$\sigma$, $\omega$ and $\rho$-meson fields. It is shown that the modification
of the density dependence of the symmetry energy, involving the $\sigma$ or the
$\omega$ meson, gives rise to different behaviors: the effect of the
$\omega$-meson may also be reproduced within non-relativistic phenomenological
models, while the effect of the $\sigma$-meson is essentially relativistic.
Depending on the parametrization with $\sigma-\rho$ or $\omega-\rho$ mixing
terms, different values of the slope of the symmetry energy at saturation must
be considered in order to obtain a neutron matter equation of state compatible
with results from chiral effective field theory. This difference leads to
different pressures at the crust-core transition density. A linear correlation
between the transition density and the symmetry energy slope or the neutron
skin thickness of the $^{208}$Pb nucleus is obtained, only when the
$\omega$-meson is used to describe the density dependence of the symmetry
energy. A comparison is made between the crust-core transition properties of
neutron stars obtained by three different methods, the Relativistic Random
Phase Approximation (RRPA), the Vlasov equation and Thermodynamical method. It
is shown that the RRPA and the Vlasov methods predict similar transition
densities for $pne$ $\beta$-equilibrium stellar matter.


title:
Coupling to Modes of a Near-Confocal Optical Resonator Using a Digital
  Light Modulator

abstract:
  Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD) provide a robust platform with which to
implement digital holography, in principle providing the means to rapidly
generate propagating transverse electromagnetic fields with arbitrary mode
profiles at visible and IR wavelengths. We use a DMD to probe a Fabry-P\'{e}rot
cavity in single-mode and near-degenerate confocal configurations. Pumping
arbitrary modes of the cavity is possible with excellent specificity by virtue
of the spatial overlap between the incident light field and the cavity mode.


title: A molecular perspective on the limits of life: Enzymes under pressure

abstract:
  From a purely operational standpoint, the existence of microbes that can grow
under extreme conditions, or "extremophiles", leads to the question of how the
molecules making up these microbes can maintain both their structure and
function. While microbes that live under extremes of temperature have been
heavily studied, those that live under extremes of pressure have been
neglected, in part due to the difficulty of collecting samples and performing
experiments under the ambient conditions of the microbe. However, thermodynamic
arguments imply that the effects of pressure might lead to different organismal
solutions than from the effects of temperature. Observationally, some of these
solutions might be in the condensed matter properties of the intracellular
milieu in addition to genetic modifications of the macromolecules or repair
mechanisms for the macromolecules. Here, the effects of pressure on enzymes,
which are proteins essential for the growth and reproduction of an organism,
and some adaptations against these effects are reviewed and amplified by the
results from molecular dynamics simulations. The aim is to provide biological
background for soft matter studies of these systems under pressure.


title:
Polyhedral products and commutator subgroups of right-angled Artin and
  Coxeter groups

abstract:
  We construct and study polyhedral product models for classifying spaces of
right-angled Artin and Coxeter groups, general graph product groups and their
commutator subgroups. By way of application, we give a criterion of freeness
for the commutator subgroup of a graph product group, and provide an explicit
minimal set of generators for the commutator subgroup of a right-angled Coxeter
group.


title:
The extended disc and halo of the Andromeda galaxy observed with
  Spitzer-IRAC

abstract:
  We present the first results from an extended survey of the Andromeda galaxy
(M31) using 41.1 h of observations by Spitzer-IRAC at 3.6 and 4.5$\,\mu$m. This
survey extends previous observations to the outer disc and halo, covering total
lengths of 4$.\!\!^\circ$4 and 6$.\!\!^\circ$6 along the minor and major axes,
respectively. We have produced surface brightness profiles by combining the
integrated light from background-corrected maps with stellar counts from a new
catalogue of point sources. Using auxiliary catalogues we have carried out a
statistical analysis in colour-magnitude space to discriminate M31 objects from
foreground Milky Way stars and background galaxies. The catalogue includes
426,529 sources, of which 66 per cent have been assigned probability values to
identify M31 objects with magnitude depths of [3.6]$\,=\,$19.0$\,\pm\,$0.2,
[4.5]$\,=\,$18.7$\,\pm\,$0.2. We discuss applications of our data for
constraining the stellar mass and characterising point sources in the outer
radii.


title:
Optimal Parisian-type dividends payments discounted by the number of
  claims for the perturbed classical risk process

abstract:
  In this paper we consider a classical risk process perturbed by a Brownian
motion. We analyze the value function describing the mean of the cumulative
discounted dividend payments paid up to Parisian ruin time and further
discounted by the number of claims appeared up to this ruin time. We identify
this value function for the barrier strategy and find the sufficient conditions
for this strategy to be optimal. We also consider few particular examples.


title: Topological conjugation of one dimensional maps

abstract:
  Topological conjugateness of one dimensional unimodal dynamical systems,
which are generated by interval [0, 1] into itself maps are studied. We study
the smoothness and differentiability of the conjugacy of symmetrical and
non-symmetrical tent maps. Also weprove the extremal property of the length of
the graph of the conjugacy of symmetrical and non-symmetrical tent maps.


title:
Hard spheres at a planar hard wall: Simulations and density functional
  theory

abstract:
  Hard spheres are a central and important model reference system for both
homogeneous and inhomogeneous fluid systems. In this paper we present new
high-precision molecular-dynamics computer simulations for a hard sphere fluid
at a planar hard wall. For this system we present benchmark data for the
density profile $\rho(z)$ at various bulk densities, the wall surface free
energy $\gamma$, the excess adsorption $\Gamma$, and the excess volume
$v_{ex}$, which is closely related to $\Gamma$. We compare all benchmark
quantities with predictions from state-of-the-art classical density functional
theory calculations within the framework of fundamental measure theory. While
we find overall good agreement between computer simulations and theory,
significant deviations appear at sufficiently high bulk densities.


title:
micompr: An R Package for Multivariate Independent Comparison of
  Observations

abstract:
  The R package micompr implements a procedure for assessing if two or more
multivariate samples are drawn from the same distribution. The procedure uses
principal component analysis to convert multivariate observations into a set of
linearly uncorrelated statistical measures, which are then compared using a
number of statistical methods. This technique is independent of the
distributional properties of samples and automatically selects features that
best explain their differences. The procedure is appropriate for comparing
samples of time series, images, spectrometric measures or similar
high-dimension multivariate observations.


title: A New Paradigm for Edge Reconstruction in Fractional Quantum Hall States

abstract:
  Questions on the nature of edge reconstruction and "where does the current
flow" in the quantum Hall effect (QHE) have been debated for years. Moreover,
the recent observation of proliferation of "upstream" neutral modes in the
fractional QHE raised doubts about the present models of edge channels. In this
article we focus on hole-conjugate states, nu=2/3 and nu=3/5, and present a new
picture of their edge reconstruction. For example, while the present model for
nu=2/3 consists of a single downstream charge channel with conductance 2/3
e^2/h and an upstream neutral mode, we show that the current is carried by two
separate downstream edge channels, each with conductance 1/3 e^2/h, accompanied
by upstream neutral mode(s). We find that if the two downstream channels are
not equilibrated, inter-mode equilibration (via particle exchange) takes place
over a distance of microns, with the two channels effectively behaving as a
single channel. Moreover, the inter-channel equilibration is accompanied by an
excitation of upstream neutral modes. In turn, the counter-propagating neutral
modes, moving in close proximity to the charge modes, fragment into propagating
charges, inducing thus downstream current fluctuations with zero net current -
a novel mechanism for non-equilibrium noise. This unexpected edge
reconstruction underlines the need for better understanding of edge
reconstruction and energy transport in all fractional QHE states.


title:
New Paradigm for Edge Reconstruction of Fractional States: Part Two -
  Noise

abstract:
  The recent, unexpected, findings of upstream neutral modes in particle-like
fractional quantum Hall states, led to a realization that the nature of the
neutral modes is far from being understood. Moreover, the observation of
spatially separated of (at least) two downstream charge modes in hole-conjugate
states (see Part One - Conductance), still faces unresolved contradictions
between conductance and noise measurements. In this work we show how current
fluctuations measured in various configurations shed light on the interplay
between neutral and charge modes. We demonstrate that once one of the charge
modes is taken out of equilibrium, counter-propagating neutral modes born in
the equilibration process affect the upstream charge modes, giving rise to a
novel mechanism for shot noise with quantized Fano factors. We present a
theoretical model that accounts for most of the experimental observations.


title:
Degrees of Freedom of the Two-User MIMO Broadcast Channel with Private
  and Common Messages Under Hybrid CSIT Models

abstract:
  We study the degrees of freedom (DoF) regions of the two-user multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel with a general message set (BC-CM) -
that includes private and common messages - under fast fading. Nine different
channel state knowledge assumptions -collectively known as hybrid CSIT models -
are considered wherein the transmitter has either perfect/instantaneous (P),
delayed (D) or no (N) channel state information (CSI) from each of the two
receivers. General antenna configurations are addressed wherein the three
terminals have arbitrary numbers of antennas. The DoF regions are established
for the five hybrid CSIT models in which either both channels are unknown at
the transmitter or each of the two channels is known perfectly or with delay.
In the four remaining cases in which exactly one of the two channels is unknown
at the transmitter, the DoF regions under the restriction of linear encoding
strategies - also known as the linear DoF (LDoF) regions- are established. As
the key to the converse proofs of the LDoF region of the MIMO BC-CM under such
hybrid CSIT assumptions, we show that, when only considering linear encoding
strategies, the channel state information from the receiver with more antennas
does not help if there is no channel state information available from the
receiver with fewer antennas. This result is conjectured to be true even
without the restriction on the encoding strategies to be linear. If true, the
LDoF regions obtained for the four hybrid CSIT cases herein will also be the
DoF regions for those cases.


title: Planetary and satellite three body mean motion resonances

abstract:
  We propose a semianalytical method to compute the strengths on each of the
three massive bodies participating in a three body mean motion resonance (3BR).
  Applying this method we explore the dependence of the strength on the masses,
the orbital parameters and the order of the resonance and we compare with
previous studies. We confirm that for low eccentricity low inclination orbits
zero order resonances are the strongest ones; but for excited orbits higher
order 3BRs become also dynamically relevant. By means of numerical integrations
and the construction of dynamical maps we check some of the predictions of the
method. We numerically explore the possibility of a planetary system to be
trapped in a 3BR due to a migrating scenario. Our results suggest that capture
in a chain of two body resonances is more probable than a capture in a pure
3BR. When a system is locked in a 3BR and one of the planets is forced to
migrate the other two can react migrating in different directions. We exemplify
studying the case of the Galilean satellites where we show the relevance of the
different resonances acting on the three innermost satellites.


title: A note on the convergence of nonconvex line search

abstract:
  In this note, we consider the line search for a class of abstract nonconvex
algorithm which have been deeply studied in the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz theory. We
provide a weak convergence result of the line search in general. When the
objective function satisfies the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz property and some certain
assumption, a global convergence result can be derived. An application is
presented for the L0-regularized least square minimization in the end of the
paper.


title: Homogeneous Geodesics in Generalized Wallach Spaces

abstract:
  We classify generalized Wallach spaces which are g.o. spaces. We also
investigate homogeneous geodesics in generalized Wallach spaces for any given
invariant Riemannian metric and we give some examples.


title: SimOutUtils - Utilities for analyzing time series simulation output

abstract:
  SimOutUtils is a suite of MATLAB/Octave functions for studying and analyzing
time series-like output from stochastic simulation models. More specifically,
SimOutUtils allows modelers to study and visualize simulation output dynamics,
perform distributional analysis of output statistical summaries, as well as
compare these summaries in order to assert the statistical equivalence of two
or more model implementations. Additionally, the provided functions are able to
produce publication quality figures and tables showcasing results from the
specified simulation output studies.


title: Completely random measures for modeling power laws in sparse graphs

abstract:
  Network data appear in a number of applications, such as online social
networks and biological networks, and there is growing interest in both
developing models for networks as well as studying the properties of such data.
Since individual network datasets continue to grow in size, it is necessary to
develop models that accurately represent the real-life scaling properties of
networks. One behavior of interest is having a power law in the degree
distribution. However, other types of power laws that have been observed
empirically and considered for applications such as clustering and feature
allocation models have not been studied as frequently in models for graph data.
In this paper, we enumerate desirable asymptotic behavior that may be of
interest for modeling graph data, including sparsity and several types of power
laws. We outline a general framework for graph generative models using
completely random measures; by contrast to the pioneering work of Caron and Fox
(2015), we consider instantiating more of the existing atoms of the random
measure as the dataset size increases rather than adding new atoms to the
measure. We see that these two models can be complementary; they respectively
yield interpretations as (1) time passing among existing members of a network
and (2) new individuals joining a network. We detail a particular instance of
this framework and show simulated results that suggest this model exhibits some
desirable asymptotic power-law behavior.


title:
Solving generic nonarchimedean semidefinite programs using stochastic
  game algorithms

abstract:
  A general issue in computational optimization is to develop combinatorial
algorithms for semidefinite programming. We address this issue when the base
field is nonarchimedean. We provide a solution for a class of semidefinite
feasibility problems given by generic matrices. Our approach is based on
tropical geometry. It relies on tropical spectrahedra, which are defined as the
images by the valuation of nonarchimedean spectrahedra. We establish a
correspondence between generic tropical spectrahedra and zero-sum stochastic
games with perfect information. The latter have been well studied in
algorithmic game theory. This allows us to solve nonarchimedean semidefinite
feasibility problems using algorithms for stochastic games. These algorithms
are of a combinatorial nature and work for large instances.


title:
Thermal Conductivity of the Iron-Based Superconductor FeSe : Nodeless
  Gap with Strong Two-Band Character

abstract:
  The thermal conductivity of the iron-based superconductor FeSe was measured
at temperatures down to 50 mK in magnetic fields up to 17 T. In zero magnetic
field, the electronic residual linear term in the T = 0 limit, \kappa_0/T, is
vanishingly small. Application of a magnetic field H causes no increase in
\kappa_0/T initially. Those two observations show that there are no zero-energy
quasiparticles that carry heat and therefore no nodes in the superconducting
gap of FeSe. The full field dependence of \kappa_0/T has the classic shape of a
two-band superconductor, such as MgB2: it rises exponentially at very low
field, with a characteristic field H* << Hc2, and then more slowly up to the
upper critical field Hc2. This shows that the superconducting gap is very small
on one of the pockets in the Fermi surface of FeSe.


title:
Experimental observation of Anderson localization in laser-kicked
  molecular rotors

abstract:
  We observe and study the phenomenon of Anderson localization in a system of
true quantum kicked rotors. Nitrogen molecules in a supersonic molecular jet
are cooled down to 27~K and are rotationally excited by a periodic train of
24~high-intensity femtosecond pulses. Exponential distribution of the molecular
angular momentum - the most unambiguous signature of Anderson localization - is
measured directly by means of coherent Raman scattering. We demonstrate the
suppressed growth of the molecular rotational energy with the number of laser
kicks and study the dependence of the localization length on the kick strength.
Both timing and amplitude noise in the pulse train is shown to destroy the
localization and revive the diffusive growth of angular momentum.


title: The Cox ring of a complexity-one horospherical variety

abstract:
  Cox rings are intrinsic objects naturally generalizing homogeneous coordinate
rings of projective spaces. A complexity-one horospherical variety is a normal
variety equipped with a reductive group action whose general orbit is
horospherical and of codimension one. In this note, we provide a presentation
by generators and relations for the Cox rings of complete rational
complexity-one horospherical varieties.


title: Reanalysis of Rosenbluth measurements of the proton form factors

abstract:
  We present a reanalysis of the data from Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
(SLAC) experiments E140 [R. C. Walker et al., Phys. Rev. D 49, 5671 (1994)] and
NE11 [L. Andivahis et al., Phys. Rev. D 50, 5491 (1994)] on elastic
electron-proton scattering. This work is motivated by recent progress in
calculating the corresponding radiative corrections and by the apparent
discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer measurements of
the proton electromagnetic form factors. New, corrected values for the
scattering cross sections are presented, as well as a new form factor fit in
the $Q^2$ range from 1 to 8.83 $\text{GeV}^2$. We also provide a complete set
of revised formulas to account for radiative corrections in single-arm
measurements of unpolarized elastic electron-proton scattering.


title:
Gravitational wave background from Population III binary black holes
  consistent with cosmic reionization

abstract:
  The recent discovery of the gravitational wave source GW150914 has revealed a
coalescing binary black hole (BBH) with masses of $\sim 30~M_\odot$. Previous
proposals for the origin of such a massive binary include Population III
(PopIII) stars. PopIII stars are efficient producers of BBHs and of a
gravitational wave background (GWB) in the $10-100$ Hz band, and also of
ionizing radiation in the early Universe. We quantify the relation between the
amplitude of the GWB ($\Omega_{\rm gw}$) and the electron scattering optical
depth ($\tau_{\rm e}$), produced by PopIII stars, assuming that $f_{\rm
esc}\approx 10\%$ of their ionizing radiation escapes into the intergalactic
medium. We find that PopIII stars would produce a GWB that is detectable by the
future O5 LIGO/Virgo if $\tau_{\rm e} \gtrsim 0.07$, consistent with the recent
Planck measurement of $\tau_e=0.055 \pm 0.09$. Moreover, the spectral index of
the background from PopIII BBHs becomes as small as ${\rm d}\ln \Omega_{\rm
gw}/{\rm d}\ln f\lesssim 0.3$ at $f \gtrsim 30$ Hz, which is significantly
flatter than the value $\sim 2/3$ generically produced by lower-redshift and
less-massive BBHs. A detection of the unique flattening at such low frequencies
by the O5 LIGO/Virgo will indicate the existence of a high-chirp mass,
high-redshift BBH population, which is consistent with the PopIII origin. A
precise characterization of the spectral shape near $30-50$ Hz by the Einstein
Telescope could also constrain the PopIII initial mass function and star
formation rate.


title: $\mathcal{PT}$ phase control in circular multicore fibers

abstract:
  We consider light dynamics in a circular multicore fiber with balanced gain
and loss core distribution, and show that transition from unbroken to broken
$\mathcal{PT}$ phases can be conveniently controlled by geometric twist of the
fiber. The twist introduces Peierls' phases in the coupling constants and thus
acts as an artificial gauge field. As an application, we discuss twist-induced
tuning of optical transmission in a six-core fiber with one lossy core.


title:
Inference via Message Passing on Partially Labeled Stochastic Block
  Models

abstract:
  We study the community detection and recovery problem in partially-labeled
stochastic block models (SBM). We develop a fast linearized message-passing
algorithm to reconstruct labels for SBM (with $n$ nodes, $k$ blocks, $p,q$
intra and inter block connectivity) when $\delta$ proportion of node labels are
revealed. The signal-to-noise ratio ${\sf SNR}(n,k,p,q,\delta)$ is shown to
characterize the fundamental limitations of inference via local algorithms. On
the one hand, when ${\sf SNR}>1$, the linearized message-passing algorithm
provides the statistical inference guarantee with mis-classification rate at
most $\exp(-({\sf SNR}-1)/2)$, thus interpolating smoothly between strong and
weak consistency. This exponential dependence improves upon the known error
rate $({\sf SNR}-1)^{-1}$ in the literature on weak recovery. On the other
hand, when ${\sf SNR}<1$ (for $k=2$) and ${\sf SNR}<1/4$ (for general growing
$k$), we prove that local algorithms suffer an error rate at least $\frac{1}{2}
- \sqrt{\delta \cdot {\sf SNR}}$, which is only slightly better than random
guess for small $\delta$.


title:
High-Throughput Prediction of Finite-Temperature Properties using the
  Quasi-Harmonic Approximation

abstract:
  In order to calculate thermal properties in automatic fashion, the
Quasi-Harmonic Approximation (QHA) has been combined with the Automatic Phonon
Library (APL) and implemented within the AFLOW framework for high-throughput
computational materials science. As a benchmark test to address the accuracy of
the method and implementation, the specific heats, thermal expansion
coefficients, Gr\"uneisen parameters and bulk moduli have been calculated for
130 compounds. It is found that QHA-APL can reliably predict such values for
several different classes of solids with root mean square relative deviation
smaller than 28% with respect to experimental values. The automation,
robustness, accuracy and precision of QHA-APL enable the computation of large
material data sets, the implementation of repositories containing thermal
properties, and finally can serve the community for data mining and machine
learning studies.


title:
Kubo-Greenwood approach to conductivity in dense plasmas with average
  atom models

abstract:
  A new formulation of the Kubo-Greenwood conductivity for average atom models
is given. The new formulation improves upon previous by explicitly including
the ionic-structure factor. Calculations based on this new expression lead to
much improved agreement with ab initio results for DC conductivity of warm
dense hydrogen and beryllium, and for thermal conductivity of hydrogen. We also
give and test a slightly modified Ziman-Evans formula for the resistivity that
includes a non-free electron density of states, thus removing an ambiguity in
the original Ziman-Evans formula. Again results based on this expression are in
good agreement with ab initio simulations for warm dense beryllium and
hydrogen. However, for both these expressions, calculations of the electrical
conductivity of warm dense aluminum lead to poor agreement at low temperatures
compared to ab initio simulations.


title: Extreme Supernova Models for the Superluminous Transient ASASSN-15lh

abstract:
  The recent discovery of the unprecedentedly superluminous transient
ASASSN-15lh (or SN 2015L) with its UV-bright secondary peak challenges all the
power-input models that have been proposed for superluminous supernovae. Here
we examine some of the few viable interpretations of ASASSN-15lh in the context
of a stellar explosion, involving combinations of one or more power inputs. We
model the lightcurve of ASASSN-15lh with a hybrid model that includes
contributions from magnetar spin-down energy and hydrogen-poor circumstellar
interaction. We also investigate models of pure circumstellar interaction with
a massive hydrogen-deficient shell and discuss the lack of interaction features
in the observed spectra. We find that, as a supernova ASASSN-15lh can be best
modeled by the energetic core-collapse of a ~40 Msun star interacting with a
hydrogen-poor shell of ~20 Msun. The circumstellar shell and progenitor mass
are consistent with a rapidly rotating pulsational pair-instability supernova
progenitor as required for strong interaction following the final supernova
explosion. Additional energy injection by a magnetar with initial period of 1-2
ms and magnetic field of 0.1-1 x 10^14 G may supply the excess luminosity
required to overcome the deficit in single-component models, but this requires
more fine-tuning and extreme parameters for the magnetar, as well as the
assumption of efficient conversion of magnetar energy into radiation. We thus
favor a single-input model where the reverse shock formed in a strong SN
ejecta-CSM interaction following a very powerful core-collapse SN explosion can
supply the luminosity needed to reproduce the late-time UV-bright plateau.


title: Continuous-Flow Graph Transportation Distances

abstract:
  Optimal transportation distances are valuable for comparing and analyzing
probability distributions, but larger-scale computational techniques for the
theoretically favorable quadratic case are limited to smooth domains or
regularized approximations. Motivated by fluid flow-based transportation on
$\mathbb{R}^n$, however, this paper introduces an alternative definition of
optimal transportation between distributions over graph vertices. This new
distance still satisfies the triangle inequality but has better scaling and a
connection to continuous theories of transportation. It is constructed by
adapting a Riemannian structure over probability distributions to the graph
case, providing transportation distances as shortest-paths in probability
space. After defining and analyzing theoretical properties of our new distance,
we provide a time discretization as well as experiments verifying its
effectiveness.


title:
Performance-Oriented Association in Large Cellular Networks with
  Technology Diversity

abstract:
  The development of mobile virtual network operators, where multiple wireless
technologies (e.g. 3G and 4G) or operators with non-overlapping bandwidths are
pooled and shared is expected to provide enhanced service with broader
coverage, without incurring additional infrastructure cost. However, their
emergence poses an unsolved question on how to harness such a technology and
bandwidth diversity. This paper addresses one of the simplest questions in this
class, namely, the issue of associating each mobile to one of those bandwidths.
Intriguingly, this association issue is intrinsically distinct from those in
traditional networks. We first propose a generic stochastic geometry model
lending itself to analyzing a wide class of association policies exploiting
various information on the network topology, e.g. received pilot powers and
fading values. This model firstly paves the way for tailoring and designing an
optimal association scheme to maximize any performance metric of interest (e.g.
the probability of coverage) subject to the information known about the
network. In this class of optimal association, we prove a result that the
performance improves as the information known about the network increases.
Secondly, this model is used to quantify the performance of any arbitrary
association policy and not just the optimal association policy. We propose a
simple policy called the Max-Ratio which is not-parametric, i.e. it dispenses
with the statistical knowledge of base station deployments in stochastic
geometry models. We also prove that this simple policy is optimal in a certain
limiting regime of the wireless environment. Through simulations, we provide
insights into (i) a practical compromise between performance gain and cost of
estimating information and; (ii) the selection of association schemes under
environments with different propagation models, i.e. path-loss exponents.


title: Climatic implications of a rapid wind/solar transition

abstract:
  A transition to a fully global renewable energy infrastructure is potentially
possible in no more than a few decades, even using current wind/solar
technologies. We demonstrate that at its completion this transition would
terminate anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere derived from energy
consumption in roughly 25 years as well as double current global energy
production. This result would provide all human energy needs worldwide and
additional energy required for climate adaptation as well as carbon
sequestration from the atmosphere to bring down the atmospheric carbon dioxide
(CO2) concentration to safer levels. The implementation of this energy
transition in the near future would maximize the probability for achieving a
less than 2 deg C, with a potential 1.5 deg C limit, increase to global
temperature over the pre-industrial level by 2100. Our best case scenario
utilizes less than 3% of current annual global energy consumption per year with
an annual reinvestment of 10% of its growing renewable capacity to make more of
itself.


title: Parametrized L-infinity Spaces

abstract:
  Motivated by families of formal moduli problems, in this note we generalize
the notion of L-infinity space by allowing sheaves of L-infinity algebras over
any (reasonable) nilpotent dg manifold. We discuss various examples including
those coming from Lie algebroids. Given a Lie algebroid, we show that there is
an L-infinity space parametrized by (cochains of) the Lie algebroid; further,
characteristic classes of this L-infinity space recover the primary invariants
of the original algebroid.


title:
Internal resonances and dynamic responses in equivalent mechanical model
  of partially liquid-filled vessel

abstract:
  The paper treats oscillations of a liquid in partially filled vessel under
horizontal harmonic ground excitation. Such excitation may lead to hydraulic
impacts. The liquid sloshing mass is modeled by equivalent pendulum, which can
impact the vessel walls. We use parameters of the equivalent pendulum for
well-explored case of cylindrical vessels. The hydraulic impacts are modeled by
high-power potential function. Conditions for internal resonances are
presented. A non-resonant behavior and dynamic response related to 3:1 internal
resonance are explored. When the excitation amplitude exceeds a critical value,
the system exhibits multiple steady state solutions. Quasi-periodic solutions
appear in relatively narrow range of parameters. Numerical continuation links
between resonant regimes found asymptotically for small excitation amplitude,
and high-amplitude responses with intensive impacts.


title:
The weak solution to a Boltzmann type equation and its energy
  conservation

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the initial value problem of a Boltzmann type
equation with a nonlinear degenerate damping. We prove the existence of global
weak solutions with large initial data, in three dimensional space. We rely on
a variant version of the Gronwall inequality and $L^p$ regularity of average
velocities to derive the compactness of solutions to a suitable approximation.
This allows us to recover a weak solution by passing to the limits. After the
existence result, we also prove energy conservation for the weak solution under
some certain condition.


title:
Consequences of minimizing pair correlations in fluids for dynamics,
  thermodynamics, and structure

abstract:
  Liquid-state theory, computer simulation, and numerical optimization are used
to investigate the extent to which positional correlations of a hard-sphere
fluid--as characterized by the radial distribution function and the
two-particle excess entropy--can be suppressed via the introduction of
auxiliary pair interactions. The corresponding effects of such interactions on
total excess entropy, density fluctuations, and single-particle dynamics are
explored. Iso-g processes, whereby hard-sphere-fluid pair structure at a given
density is preserved at higher densities via the introduction of a
density-dependent, soft repulsive contribution to the pair potential, are
considered. Such processes eventually terminate at a singular density,
resulting in a state that--while incompressible and hyperuniform--remains
unjammed and exhibits fluid-like dynamic properties. The extent to which static
pair correlations can be suppressed to maximize pair disorder in a fluid with
hard cores, determined via direct functional maximization of two-body excess
entropy, is also considered. Systems approaching a state of maximized two-body
entropy display a progressively growing bandwidth of suppressed density
fluctuations, pointing to a relation between "stealthiness" and maximal pair
disorder in materials.


title: Optimal Sparse Recovery for Multi-Sensor Measurements

abstract:
  Many practical sensing applications involve multiple sensors simultaneously
acquiring measurements of a single object. Conversely, most existing sparse
recovery guarantees in compressed sensing concern only single-sensor
acquisition scenarios. In this paper, we address the optimal recovery of
compressible signals from multi-sensor measurements using compressed sensing
techniques, thereby confirming the benefits of multi- over single-sensor
environments. Throughout the paper, we consider a broad class of sensing
matrices, and two fundamentally different sampling scenarios (distinct and
identical respectively), both of which are relevant to applications. For the
case of diagonal sensor profile matrices (which characterize environmental
conditions between a source and the sensors), this paper presents two key
improvements over existing results. First, a simpler optimal recovery guarantee
for distinct sampling, and second, an improved recovery guarantee for identical
sampling, based on the so-called sparsity in levels signal model.


title:
Time-dependence of the holographic spectral function: Diverse routes to
  thermalisation

abstract:
  We develop a new method for computing the holographic retarded propagator in
generic (non-)equilibrium states using the state/geometry map. We check that
our method reproduces the thermal spectral function given by the Son-Starinets
prescription. The time-dependence of the spectral function of a relevant scalar
operator is studied in a class of non-equilibrium states. The latter are
represented by AdS-Vaidya geometries with an arbitrary parameter characterising
the timescale for the dual state to transit from an initial thermal equilibrium
to another due to a homogeneous quench. For long quench duration, the spectral
function indeed follows the thermal form at the instantaneous effective
temperature adiabatically, although with a slight initial time delay and a bit
premature thermalisation. At shorter quench durations, several new
non-adiabatic features appear: (i) time-dependence of the spectral function is
seen much before than that in the effective temperature (advanced
time-dependence), (ii) a big transfer of spectral weight to frequencies greater
than the initial temperature occurs at an intermediate time (kink formation)
and (iii) new peaks with decreasing amplitudes but in greater numbers appear
even after the effective temperature has stabilised (persistent oscillations).
We find four broad routes to thermalisation for lower values of spatial
momenta. At higher values of spatial momenta, kink formations and persistent
oscillations are suppressed, and thermalisation time decreases. The general
thermalisation pattern is globally top-down, but a closer look reveals
complexities.


title: Anderson Localization of Electrons in Silicon Donor Chains

abstract:
  We construct a model to study the localization properties of nanowires of
dopants in silicon (Si) fabricated by precise ionic implantation or STM
lithography. Experiments have shown that Ohm's law holds in some cases, in
apparent defiance to the Anderson localization theory in one dimension. We
investigate how valley interference affects the traditional theory of
electronic structure of disordered systems. Each isolated donor orbital is
realistically described by multi-valley effective mass theory (MV-EMT). We
extend this model to describe chains of donors as a linear combination of
dopant orbitals. Disorder in donor positioning is taken into account, leading
to an intricate disorder distribution of hoppings between nearest neighbor
donor sites (donor-donor tunnel coupling) -- an effect of valley interference.
The localization length is obtained for phosphorous (P) donor chains from a
transfer matrix approach and is further compared with the chain length. We
quantitatively determine the impact of uncertainties $\delta R$ in the
implantation position relative to a target and also compare our results with
those obtained without valley interference. We analyse systematically the aimed
inter-donor separation dependence ($R_0$) and show that fairly diluted donor
chains ($R_0=7.7$ nm) may be as long as 100 nm before the effective onset of
Anderson localization, as long as the positioning error is under a lattice
parameter ($\delta R <0.543$ nm).


title: Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimation

abstract:
  This work introduces a novel convolutional network architecture for the task
of human pose estimation. Features are processed across all scales and
consolidated to best capture the various spatial relationships associated with
the body. We show how repeated bottom-up, top-down processing used in
conjunction with intermediate supervision is critical to improving the
performance of the network. We refer to the architecture as a "stacked
hourglass" network based on the successive steps of pooling and upsampling that
are done to produce a final set of predictions. State-of-the-art results are
achieved on the FLIC and MPII benchmarks outcompeting all recent methods.


title:
Local sampling of the Wigner function at telecom wavelength with
  loss-tolerant detection of photon statistics

abstract:
  We report the experimental point-by-point sampling of the Wigner function for
nonclassical states created in an ultrafast pulsed type-II parametric
down-conversion source. We use a loss-tolerant time-multiplexed detector based
on a fiber-optical setup and a pair of photon-number-resolving avalanche
photodiodes. By capitalizing on an expedient data-pattern tomography, we assess
the properties of the light states with outstanding accuracy. The method allows
us to reliably infer the squeezing of genuine two-mode states without any phase
reference.


title: Variability induced motion in Kepler data

abstract:
  Variability induced motion (VIM) is an observable effect in simultaneous
astrometric and photometric measurements caused by brightness variation in one
of the components of a double source or blended image, which manifests itself
as a strongly correlated shift of the optical photocenter. We have processed
the entire collection of the Kepler long-cadence light curve data looking for
correlated signals in astrometry and photometry on the time basis of a quarter
year. Limiting the VIM correlation coefficient to 0.3, VIM events are detected
for 129,525 Kepler stars at least in one quarter. Of 7305 Kepler objects of
interest (KOI), 4440 are detected as VIM at least once. Known variable stars
and resolved double stars have elevated rates of VIM detection. Confident VIM
occurrences are found for stars with suggested superflare events, indicating
possible signal contamination. We present a complete catalog of all quarterly
VIM detections. This catalog should be checked for such astrophysically
significant events as transits of exoplanets, new eclipsing stars, and
superflares of solar-type stars.


title:
Reconstruction of annular bi-layered media in cylindrical waveguide
  section

abstract:
  A radial transverse resonance model for two cylindrical concentric layers
with different complex dielectric constants is presented. An inverse problem
with four unknowns - 3 physical material parameters and one dimensional
dielectric layer thickness parameter- is solved by employing TE110 and TE210
modes with different radial field distribution. First a Newton-Raphson
algorithm is used to solve a least square problem with a Lorentzian function
(as resonance model and "measured" data generator). Then found resonance
frequencies and quality factors are used in a second inverse Newton-Raphson
algorithm that solves four transverse resonance equations in order to get four
unknown parameters. The use of TE110 and TE210 models offers one dimensional
radial tomographic capability. An open ended coax quarter-wave resonator is
added to the sensor topology, and the effect on the convergence is
investigated.


title:
Perspective: Speculative role of Tmp21 mediated protein secretory
  pathway during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced chronic inflammation

abstract:
  By deploying myelofibrosis as the disease context, I wish to propose that
increased availability of Tmp21 (an NFAT gene target) induces aberrant protein
secretion from the ER contributing to pathological consequences, which has not
been elucidated before. Primary myelofibrosis is now mainly considered as an
advanced stage of BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which
otherwise include polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.
Myelofibrosis is defined by an increased insoluble collagen fiber deposition in
the bone marrow2 and harbors chronic inflammation as an important component in
disease progression.


title:
CP-odd invariants for multi-Higgs models: applications with discrete
  symmetry

abstract:
  CP-odd invariants provide a basis independent way of studying the CP
properties of Lagrangians. We propose powerful methods for constructing basis
invariants and determining whether they are CP-odd or CP-even, then
systematically construct all of the simplest CP-odd invariants up to a given
order, finding many new ones. The CP-odd invariants are valid for general
potentials when expressed in a standard form. We then apply our results to
scalar potentials involving three (or six) Higgs fields which form irreducible
triplets under a discrete symmetry, including invariants for both explicit as
well as spontaneous CP violation. The considered cases include one triplet of
Standard Model (SM) gauge singlet scalars, one triplet of SM Higgs doublets,
two triplets of SM singlets, and two triplets of SM Higgs doublets. For each
case we study the potential symmetric under one of the simplest discrete
symmetries with irreducible triplet representations, namely $A_4$, $S_4$,
$\Delta(27)$ or $\Delta(54)$, as well as the infinite classes of discrete
symmetries $\Delta(3n^2)$ or $\Delta(6n^2)$.


title: CEMP stars: possible hosts to carbon planets in the early universe

abstract:
  We explore the possibility of planet formation in the carbon-rich
protoplanetary disks of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars, possible
relics of the early Universe. The chemically anomalous abundance patterns
([C/Fe] $\geq$ 0.7) in this subset of low-mass stars suggest pollution by
primordial core-collapsing supernovae (SNe) ejecta that are particularly rich
in carbon dust grains. By comparing the dust-settling timescale in the
protoplanetary disks of CEMP stars to the expected disk lifetime (assuming
dissipation via photoevaporation), we determine the maximum distance $r_{max}$
from the host CEMP star at which carbon-rich planetesimal formation is
possible, as a function of the host star's [C/H] abundance. We then use our
linear relation between $r_{max}$ and [C/H], along with the theoretical
mass-radius relation derived for a solid, pure carbon planet, to characterize
potential planetary transits across host CEMP stars. Given that the related
transits are detectable with current and upcoming space-based transit surveys,
we suggest initiating an observational program to search for carbon planets
around CEMP stars in hopes of shedding light on the question of how early
planetary systems may have formed after the Big Bang.


title: Periodic Table for Floquet Topological Insulators

abstract:
  Dynamical phases with novel topological properties are known to arise in
driven systems of free fermions. In this paper, we obtain a `periodic table' to
describe the phases of such time-dependent systems, generalizing the periodic
table for static topological insulators. Using K-theory, we systematically
classify Floquet topological insulators from the ten Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry
classes across all dimensions. We find that the static classification scheme
described by a group $G$ becomes $G\times G$ in the time-dependent case, and
interpret the two factors as arising from the bipartite decomposition of the
unitary time-evolution operator. Topologically protected edge modes may arise
at the boundary between two Floquet systems, and we provide a mapping between
the number of such edge modes and the topological invariant of the bulk.


title:
Planet Hunters X: Searching for Nearby Neighbors of 75 Planet and
  Eclipsing Binary Candidates from the K2 Kepler Extended Mission

abstract:
  We present high-resolution observations of a sample of 75 K2 targets from
Campaigns 1-3 using speckle interferometry on the Southern Astrophysical
Research (SOAR) telescope and adaptive optics (AO) imaging at the Keck II
telescope. The median SOAR $I$-band and Keck $K_s$-band detection limits at 1"
were $\Delta m_{I}=4.4$~mag and $\Delta m_{K_s}=6.1$~mag, respectively. This
sample includes 37 stars likely to host planets, 32 targets likely to be
eclipsing binaries (EBs), and 6 other targets previously labeled as likely
planetary false positives. We find nine likely physically bound companion stars
within 3" of three candidate transiting exoplanet host stars and six likely
EBs. Six of the nine detected companions are new discoveries; one of the six,
EPIC 206061524, is associated with a planet candidate. Among the EB candidates,
companions were only found near the shortest period ones ($P<3$ days), which is
in line with previous results showing high multiplicity near short-period
binary stars. This high-resolution data, including both the detected companions
and the limits on potential unseen companions, will be useful in future planet
vetting and stellar multiplicity rate studies for planets and binaries.


title: Vacuum birefringence in high-energy laser-electron collisions

abstract:
  Real photon-photon scattering is a long-predicted phenomenon that is being
searched for in experiment in the form of a birefringent vacuum at optical and
X-ray frequencies. We present results of calculations and numerical simulations
for a scenario to measure this effect using multi-MeV photons generated in the
collision of electrons with a laser pulse. We find that the birefringence of
the vacuum should be measurable using experimental parameters attainable in the
near future.


title:
Star Clusters in M31: VII. Global Kinematics and Metallicity
  Subpopulations of the Globular Clusters

abstract:
  We carry out a joint spatial-kinematical-metallicity analysis of globular
clusters (GCs) around the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), using a homogeneous,
high-quality spectroscopic dataset. In particular, we remove the contaminating
young clusters that have plagued many previous analyses. We find that the
clusters can be divided into three major metallicity groups based on their
radial distributions: (1) an inner metal-rich group ([Fe/H] > -0.4), (2) a
group with intermediate metallicity (with median [Fe/H]=-1), (3) and a
metal-poor group, with [Fe/H] < -1.5. The metal-rich group has kinematics and
spatial properties like the disk of M31, while the two more metal-poor groups
show mild prograde rotation overall, with larger dispersions - in contrast to
previous claims of stronger rotation. The metal-poor GCs are the least
concentrated group; such clusters occur five times less frequently in the
central bulge than do clusters of higher metallicity. Despite some well-known
differences between the M31 and Milky Way GC systems, our revised analysis
points to remarkable similarities in their chemodynamical properties, which
could help elucidate the different formation stages of galaxies and their GCs.
In particular, the M31 results motivate further exploration of a metal-rich GC
formation mode in situ, within high-redshift, clumpy galactic disks.


title: Evidence that most type 1 AGN are reddened by dust in the host ISM

abstract:
  The typical optical-UV continuum slopes observed in many type 1 AGN are
redder than expected from thin accretion disk models. A possible resolution to
this conundrum is that many AGN are reddened by dust along the line of sight.
To explore this possibility, we stack 5000 SDSS AGN with luminosity
L~10^45erg/s and redshift z~0.4 in bins of optical continuum slope alpha_opt
and width of the broad H$\beta$ emission line. We measure the EW of the NaID
absorption feature in each stacked spectrum. We find a linear relation between
alpha_opt and EW(NaID), such that EW(NaID) increases as alpha_opt becomes
redder. In the bin with the smallest H$\beta$ width, objects with the bluest
slopes that are similar to accretion disk predictions are found to have
EW(NaID)=0, supporting the line-of-sight dust hypothesis. This conclusion is
also supported by the dependence of the $H\alpha/H\beta$ line ratio on
alpha_opt. The implied relationship between alpha_opt and dust reddening is
given by E(B-V)~0.2(-0.1-alpha_opt), and the implied reddening of a typical
type 1 AGN with alpha_opt=-0.5 is E(B-V)~0.08mag. Photoionization calculations
show that the dusty gas responsible for reddening is too ionized to produce the
observed features. Therefore, we argue that the sodium absorption arises in
regions of the host ISM which are shielded from the AGN radiation, and the
correlation with alpha_opt arises since ISM columns along shielded and
non-shielded sightlines are correlated. This scenario is supported by the
similarity of the E(B-V)-NaID relation implied by our results with the relation
in the Milky-Way found by previous studies.


title:
Constraining Gamma-Ray Emission from Luminous Infrared Galaxies with
  Fermi-LAT; Tentative Detection of Arp 220

abstract:
  Star-forming galaxies produce gamma-rays primarily via pion production,
resulting from inelastic collisions between cosmic ray protons and the
interstellar medium (ISM). The dense ISM and high star formation rates of
luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) imply that
they should be strong gamma-ray emitters, but so far only two LIRGs have been
detected. Theoretical models for their emission depend on the unknown fraction
of cosmic ray protons that escape these galaxies before interacting. We analyze
Fermi-LAT data for 82 of the brightest IRAS LIRGs and ULIRGs. We examine each
system individually and carry out a stacking analysis to constrain their
gamma-ray fluxes. We report the detection of the nearest ULIRG Arp 220
(~4.6sigma). We observe a gamma-ray flux (0.8--100 GeV) of 2.4e-10 phot cm^-2
s^-1 with photon index of 2.23 (8.2e10^41 ergs s^-1 at 77 Mpc) We also derive
upper limits for the stacked LIRGs and ULIRGs. The gamma-ray luminosity of
Arp~220 and the stacked upper limits agree with calorimetric predictions for
dense star-forming galaxies. With the detection of Arp 220, we extend the
gamma-ray--IR luminosity correlation to the high luminosity regime with
log(L_[0.1-100 GeV]) = 1.25log(L_[8-1000]) + 26.7 as well as the
gamma-ray--radio continuum luminosity correlation with log(L_[0.1-100 GeV]) =
1.22log(L_[1.4 GHz]) + 13.3. The current survey of Fermi-LAT is on the verge of
detecting more LIRGs/ULIRGs in the local universe, and we expect even more
detections with deeper Fermi-LAT observations or the next generation of
gamma-ray detectors.


title: Hunting the Flavon

abstract:
  The next generation of experiments in particle physics will for the first
time systematically test flavor physics models based on flavon fields. Starting
from the current quark-flavor constrains on such models we show how the new
generation of lepton flavor experiments will dominate indirect searches in the
coming decades. A future 100 TeV hadron collider will then be the first
experiment to probe flavons as propagating degrees of freedom. Our estimate of
the collider reach relies on a proper treatment of backgrounds and detector
effects. Complementary searches for indirect effects in lepton flavor
experiments and propagating degrees of freedom at colliders are very limited at
the LHC, but will be a new feature at a 100 TeV hadron collider.


title:
The Interstellar Extinction Toward the Milky Way Bulge with Planetary
  Nebulae, Red Clump, and RR Lyrae stars

abstract:
  I review the literature covering the issue of interstellar extinction toward
the Milky Way bulge, with emphasis placed on findings from planetary nebulae,
RR Lyrae, and red clump stars. I also report on observations from HI gas and
globular clusters. I show that there has been substantial progress in this
field in recent decades, most particularly from red clump stars. The spatial
coverage of extinction maps has increased by a factor $\sim 100 \times$ in the
past twenty years, and the total-to-selective extinction ratios reported have
shifted by $\sim$20-25\%, indicative of the improved accuracy and separately,
of a steeper-than-standard extinction curve. Problems remain in modelling
differential extinction, explaining anomalies involving the planetary nebulae,
and understanding the difference between bulge extinction coefficients and
"standard" literature values.


title:
Mapping the low surface brightness Universe in the UV band with Lya
  emission from IGM filaments

abstract:
  A large fraction of the baryonic matter in the Universe is located in
filaments in the intergalactic medium. However, the low surface brightness of
these filaments has not yet allowed their direct detection except in very
special regions in the circum-galactic medium (CGM). Here we simulate the
intensity and spatial fluctuations in Lyman Alpha ${\rm (Ly\alpha)}$ emission
from filaments in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and discuss the prospects for
the next generation of space based instruments to detect the low surface
brightness universe at UV wavelengths. Starting with a high resolution N-body
simulation we obtain the dark matter density fluctuations and associate baryons
with the dark matter particles assuming that they follow the same spatial
distribution. The IGM thermal and ionization state is set by a model of the UV
background and by the relevant cooling processes for a hydrogen and helium gas.
The ${\rm Ly\alpha}$ emissivity is then estimated, taking into account
recombination and collisional excitation processes. We find that the detection
of these filaments through their ${\rm Ly\alpha}$ emission is well in the reach
of the next generation of UV space based instruments and so it should be
achieved in the next decade. The density field is populated with halos and
galaxies and their ${\rm Ly\alpha}$ emission is estimated. Galaxies are treated
as foregrounds and so we discuss methods to reduce their contamination from
observational maps. Finally, we estimate the UV continuum background as a
function of the redshift of the ${\rm Ly\alpha}$ emission line and discuss how
this continuum can affect observations.


title:
Weak Lensing Measurement of the Mass--Richness Relation of SDSS
  redMaPPer Clusters

abstract:
  We perform a measurement of the mass--richness relation of the redMaPPer
galaxy cluster catalogue using weak lensing data from the Sloan Digital Sky
Survey. We have carefully characterized a broad range of systematic
uncertainties, including shear calibration errors, photo-$z$ biases, dilution
by member galaxies, source obscuration, magnification bias, incorrect
assumptions about cluster mass profiles, cluster centering, halo triaxiality,
and projection effects. We also compare measurements of the lensing signal from
two independently-produced shear and photometric redshift catalogues to
characterize systematic errors in the lensing signal itself. Using a sample of
5,570 clusters from $0.1\le z\le 0.33$, the normalization of our power-law mass
vs.\ $\lambda$ relation is $\log_{10}[M_{200m}/h^{-1}\ M_{\odot}]$ = $14.344
\pm 0.021$ (statistical) $\pm 0.023$ (systematic) at a richness $\lambda=40$, a
7 per cent calibration uncertainty, with a power-law index of
$1.33^{+0.09}_{-0.10}$ ($1\sigma$). The detailed systematics characterization
in this work renders it the definitive weak lensing mass calibration for SDSS
redMaPPer clusters at this time.


title:
Time-dependent neutrino emission from Mrk 421 during flares and
  predictions for IceCube

abstract:
  Blazars are prime candidate sources for the high energy neutrinos recently
detected by IceCube. Being one of the brightest sources in the extragalactic
X-ray and $\gamma$-ray sky as well as one of the nearest blazars to Earth, Mrk
421 is an excellent source for testing the scenario of the blazar-neutrino
connection. Here, we model the spectral energy distribution of Mrk 421 during a
13-day flare in 2010 with unprecedented multi-wavelength coverage, and
calculate the respective neutrino flux. We find a correlation between the $>1$
PeV neutrino and photon fluxes, in all energy bands. Using typical IceCube
through-going muon event samples with good angular resolution and high
statistics, we derive the mean event rate above 100 TeV ($\sim0.57$ evt/yr) and
show that it is comparable to that expected from a four-month quiescent period
in 2009. Due to the short duration of the flare, an accumulation of similar
flares over several years would be necessary to produce a meaningful signal for
IceCube. To better assess this, we apply the correlation between the neutrino
and $\gamma$-ray fluxes to the 6.9 yr Fermi-LAT light curve of Mrk 421. We find
that the mean event count above 1 PeV for the full IceCube detector livetime is
$3.59\pm0.60$ ($2.73\pm0.38$) $\nu_\mu+\bar{\nu}_\mu$ with (without) major
flares included in our analysis. This estimate exceeds, within the
uncertainties, the $95\%$ ($90\%$) threshold value for the detection of one or
more muon (anti-)neutrinos. Meanwhile, the most conservative scenario, where no
correlation of $\gamma$-rays and neutrinos is assumed, predicts $1.60\pm0.16$
$\nu_\mu+\bar{\nu}_\mu$ events. We conclude that a non-detection of high-energy
neutrinos by IceCube would probe the neutrino/$\gamma$-ray flux correlation
during major flares or/and the hadronic contribution to the blazar emission.


title: Cosmic Web Type Dependence of Halo Clustering

abstract:
  We use the Millennium simulation to show that halo clustering varies
significantly with cosmic web type. Halos are classified as node, filament,
sheet and void halos based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the velocity
shear tensor. The velocity field is sampled by the peculiar velocities of a
fixed number of neighbouring halos and spatial derivatives are computed using a
kernel borrowed from smoothed particle hydrodynamics. The classification scheme
is used to examine the clustering of halos as a function of web type for halos
with masses larger than $10^{11}$. We find that node halos show positive bias,
filament halos show negligible bias, and void and sheet halos are anti-biased
independent of halo mass. Our findings suggest that the mass dependence of halo
clustering is rooted in the composition of web types as a function of halo
mass. The substantial fraction of node type halos for halo masses $\gtrsim
2\times10^{13}\,h^{-1}\rm M_\odot$ leads to positive bias. Filament type halos
prevail at intermediate masses, $10^{12} - 10^{13}\,h^{-1}\rm M_\odot$,
resulting in unbiased clustering. The large contribution of sheet type halos at
low halo masses $\lesssim 10^{12}\,h^{-1}\rm M_\odot$ generates anti-biasing.


title: Stochastic resetting in backtrack recovery by RNA polymerases

abstract:
  Transcription is a key process in gene expression, in which RNA polymerases
produce a complementary RNA copy from a DNA template. RNA polymerization is
frequently interrupted by backtracking, a process in which polymerases perform
a random walk along the DNA template. Recovery of polymerases from the
transcriptionally-inactive backtracked state is determined by a kinetic
competition between 1D diffusion and RNA cleavage. Here we describe backtrack
recovery as a continuous-time random walk, where the time for a polymerase to
recover from a backtrack of a given depth is described as a first-passage time
of a random walker to reach an absorbing state. We represent RNA cleavage as a
stochastic resetting process, and derive exact expressions for the recovery
time distributions and mean recovery times from a given initial backtrack depth
for both continuous and discrete-lattice descriptions of the random walk. We
show that recovery time statistics do not depend on the discreteness of the DNA
lattice when the rate of 1D diffusion is large compared to the rate of
cleavage.


title:
Higher Order Stability in the Coefficients of the Colored Jones
  Polynomial

abstract:
  We discuss the higher order stabilization of the coefficients of the colored
Jones polynomial. In particular, we find an expression for the second stable
sequence of the colored Jones polynomial of a certain class of knots. We also
determine which knots have the same higher order stability.


title: Aligning 415 519 proteins in less than two hours on PC

abstract:
  Rapid development of modern sequencing platforms enabled an unprecedented
growth of protein families databases. The abundance of sets composed of
hundreds of thousands sequences is a great challenge for multiple sequence
alignment algorithms. In the article we introduce FAMSA, a new progressive
algorithm designed for fast and accurate alignment of thousands of protein
sequences. Its features include the utilisation of longest common subsequence
measure for determining pairwise similarities, a novel method of gap costs
evaluation, and a new iterative refinement scheme. Importantly, its
implementation is highly optimised and parallelised to make the most of modern
computer platforms. Thanks to the above, quality indicators, namely
sum-of-pairs and total-column scores, show FAMSA to be superior to competing
algorithms like Clustal Omega or MAFFT for datasets exceeding a few thousand of
sequences. The quality does not compromise time and memory requirements which
are an order of magnitude lower than that of existing solutions. For example, a
family of 415 519 sequences was analysed in less than two hours and required
only 8GB of RAM.
  FAMSA is freely available at http://sun.aei.polsl.pl/REFRESH/famsa.


title:
Holographic Lifshitz fermions and exponentially suppressed spectral
  weight

abstract:
  The absence of fixed momentum excitations in a theory with Lifshitz scale
invariance gives rise to exponential suppression of spectral weight in the
low-frequency limit. In the holographic dual, this suppression arises as a
consequence of a tunneling barrier that decouples the horizon from the
boundary. We compute the spin-1/2 holographic Green's function and show that
the form of the barrier is identical to that of the scalar case. We furthermore
demonstrate that the suppression factor is universal in the $\hat\omega\to0$
limit where $\hat\omega=\omega/|\vec k|^z$. In particular, it depends only on
$\hat\omega$ and the critical exponent $z$, and is independent of scaling
dimension and spin.


title:
Optical generation of a spatially variant two-dimensional lattice
  structure by using a phase only spatial light modulator

abstract:
  We propose a simple and straightforward method to generate a spatially
variant lattice structures by optical interference lithography method. Using
this method, it is possible to independently vary the orientation and period of
the two-dimensional lattice. The method consists of two steps which are:
numerical synthesis of corresponding phase mask by employing a two-dimensional
integrated gradient calculations and experimental implementation of synthesized
phase mask by making use of a phase only spatial light modulator in an optical
4f Fourier filtering setup. As a working example, we provide the experimental
fabrication of a spatially variant square lattice structure which has the
possibility to guide a Gaussian beam through a 90{\deg} bend by photonic
crystal self-collimation phenomena. The method is digitally reconfigurable, is
completely scalable and could be extended to other kind of lattices as well.


title:
Observation of $ \Lambda_b^0 \to \psi(2S)pK^-$ and $ \Lambda_b^0 \to
  J/\psi \pi^+ \pi^- pK^-$ decays and a measurement of the $\Lambda_b^0$ baryon
  mass

abstract:
  The decays $ \Lambda_b^0 \to \psi(2S)pK^-$ and $ \Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi \pi^+
\pi^- pK^-$ are observed in a data sample corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$, collected in proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8TeV
centre-of-mass energies by the LHCb detector. The $\psi(2S)$ mesons are
reconstructed through the decay modes $\psi(2S)\to\mu^+\mu^-$ and $\psi(2S)\to
J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$. The branching fractions relative to that of $ \Lambda_b^0
\to J/\psi pK^-$ are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*}
  \frac{\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_b^0 \to \psi(2S) pK^-)}
  {\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi pK^-)}
  & = & (20.70\pm 0.76\pm 0.46\pm 0.37)\times10^{-2} \,,
  \frac{\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi \pi^+ \pi^- pK^-)}
  {\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_b^0 \to J/\psi pK^-)}
  & = & (20.86\pm 0.96\pm 1.34)\times10^{-2} \,, \end{eqnarray*} where the
first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic and the third is
related to the knowledge of $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ branching fractions.
  The mass of the $\Lambda_b^0$ baryon is measured to be $$ M(\Lambda_b^0) =
5619.65 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.17\mathrm{MeV}/c^2,$$ where the uncertainties are
statistical and systematic.


title: Diphoton Resonance in F-theory inspired Flipped SO(10)

abstract:
  Motivated by the diphoton excess at 750 GeV reported by the ATLAS and CMS
experiments, we present an F-theory inspired flipped $SO(10)$ model embedded in
an $E_6$ GUT. The low energy spectrum includes the three MSSM chiral families,
vectorlike color triplets, several pairs of charged $SU(2)_L$ singlet fields
$(E^c, \bar E^c)$, as well as MSSM singlets, one or more of which can
contribute to the resonance. Total decay width in the multi-GeV range can arise
from couplings involving the singlet and MSSM fields


title: Dark Continuum in the Spectral Function of the Resonant Fermi Polaron

abstract:
  We present controlled numerical results for the ground state spectral
function of the resonant Fermi polaron in three dimensions. We establish the
existence of a "dark continuum"---a region of anomalously low spectral weight
between the narrow polaron peak and the rest of the spectral continuum. The
dark continuum develops when the s-wave scattering length is of the order of
the inverse Fermi wavevector, $a\lesssim 1/k_{\rm F}$, i.e. in the absence of a
small interaction-related parameter when the spectral weight is not expected to
feature a near-perfect gap structure after the polaron peak.


title: Clique Minors in Double-critical Graphs

abstract:
  A connected $t$-chromatic graph $G$ is \dfn{double-critical} if $G
\backslash\{u, v\}$ is $(t-2)$-colorable for each edge $uv\in E(G)$. A long
standing conjecture of Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz that the complete graphs are the
only double-critical $t$-chromatic graphs remains open for all $t\ge6$. Given
the difficulty in settling Erd\H{o}s and Lov\'asz's conjecture and motivated by
the well-known Hadwiger's conjecture, Kawarabayashi, Pedersen and Toft proposed
a weaker conjecture that every double-critical $t$-chromatic graph contains a
$K_t$ minor and verified their conjecture for $t\le7$. Albar and Gon\c{c}alves
recently proved that every double-critical $8$-chromatic graph contains a $K_8$
minor, and their proof is computer-assisted. In this paper we prove that every
double-critical $t$-chromatic graph contains a $K_t$ minor for all $t\le9$. Our
proof for $t\le8$ is shorter and computer-free.


title: Electron-phonon interactions from first principles

abstract:
  This article reviews the theory of electron-phonon interactions in solids
from the point of view of ab-initio calculations. While the electron-phonon
interaction has been studied for almost a century, predictive non-empirical
calculations have become feasible only during the past two decades. Today it is
possible to calculate from first principles many materials properties related
to the electron-phonon interaction, including the critical temperature of
conventional superconductors, the carrier mobility in semiconductors, the
temperature dependence of optical spectra in direct and indirect-gap
semiconductors, the relaxation rates of photoexcited carriers, the electron
mass renormalization in angle-resolved photoelectron spectra, and the
non-adiabatic corrections to phonon dispersion relations. Here we review the
theoretical and computational framework underlying modern electron-phonon
calculations from first principles, as well as landmark investigations of the
electron-phonon interaction in real materials. In the first part of the article
we summarize the elementary theory of electron-phonon interactions and their
calculations based on density-functional theory. In the second part we discuss
a general field-theoretic formulation of the electron-phonon problem, and
establish the connection with practical first-principles calculations. In the
third part we review a number of recent investigations of electron-phonon
interactions in the areas of vibrational spectroscopy, photoelectron
spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, transport, and superconductivity.


title:
Exact Lagrangian submanifolds, Lagrangian spectral invariants and
  Aubry-Mather theory

abstract:
  We construct graph selectors for compact exact Lagrangians in the cotangent
bundle of an orientable, closed manifold. The construction combines Lagrangian
spectral invariants developed by Oh and results by Abouzaid about the Fukaya
category of a cotangent bundle. We also introduce the notion of Lipschitz-exact
Lagrangians and prove that these admit an appropriate generalization of graph
selector. We then, following Bernard-Oliveira dos Santos, use these results to
give a new characterization of the Aubry and Mane sets of a Tonelli Hamiltonian
and to generalize a result of Arnaud on Lagrangians invariant under the flow of
such Hamiltonians.


title: Some bounds on the maximum induced matching numbers of certain grids

abstract:
  An induced matching $M$ in a graph $G$ is a matching in $G$ that is also the
edge set of an induced subgraph of $G$. That is, any edge not in $M$ must have
no more than one incident vertex saturated by $M$. The maximum size $|M|$ of an
induced matching $M$ of $G$ is maximum induced matching number of $G$, which is
denoted by $\textrm{Max}(G)$. In this article, we obtain upper bounds for
$\textrm{Max}(G)$, for $G=G_{n,m}$, grids with $n,m \geq 9$, $m\equiv 1 \mod 4$
and $nm$ odd.


title: Suppression of phase mixing in drift-kinetic plasma turbulence

abstract:
  Transfer of free energy from large to small velocity-space scales by phase
mixing leads to Landau damping in a linear plasma. In a turbulent drift-kinetic
plasma, this transfer is statistically nearly canceled by an inverse transfer
from small to large velocity-space scales due to "anti-phase-mixing" modes
excited by a stochastic form of plasma echo. Fluid moments (density, velocity,
temperature) are thus approximately energetically isolated from the higher
moments of the distribution function, so phase mixing is ineffective as a
dissipation mechanism when the plasma collisionality is small.


title: Effective string description of confining flux tubes

abstract:
  We review the current knowledge about the theoretical foundations of the
effective string theory for confining flux tubes and the comparison of the
predictions to pure gauge lattice data. A concise presentation of the effective
string theory is provided, incorporating recent developments. We summarize the
predictions for the spectrum and the profile/width of the flux tube and their
comparison to lattice data. The review closes with a short summary of open
questions for future research.


title: On the necessity of symmetric positional coupling for string stability

abstract:
  We consider a distributed system with identical agents, constant-spacing
policy and asymmetric bidirectional control, where the asymmetry is due to
different controllers, which we describe by transfer functions. By applying the
wave transfer function approach, it is shown that, if there are two integrators
in the dynamics of agents, then the positional coupling must be symmetric,
otherwise the system is locally string unstable. This finding holds also for a
distributed system with a generalized path-graph interaction topology due to
the local nature of the wave transfer function. The main advantage of the
transfer function approach is that it allows us to analyse the bidirectional
control with an arbitrary complex asymmetry in the controllers, for instance,
the control with symmetric positional but asymmetric velocity couplings.


title:
Volume-wise destruction of the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state
  through quantum tuning

abstract:
  Metal-to-insulator transitions (MITs) are a dramatic manifestation of strong
electron correlations in solids1. The insulating phase can often be suppressed
by quantum tuning, i.e. varying a nonthermal parameter such as chemical
composi- tion or pressure, resulting in a zero-temperature quantum phase
transition (QPT) to a metallic state driven by quantum fluctuations, in
contrast to conventional phase transitions driven by thermal fluctuations.
Theories of exotic phenomena known to occur near the Mott QPT such as quantum
criticality and high-temperature superconductivity often assume a second-order
QPT, but direct experimental evidence for either first- or second-order
behavior at the magnetic QPT associated with the Mott transition has been
scarce and further masked by the superconducting phase in unconventional
superconductors. Most measurements of QPTs have been performed by
volume-integrated probes, such as neutron scattering, magnetization, and
transport, in which discontinuous behavior, phase separation, and spatially
inhomogeneous responses are averaged and smeared out, leading at times to
misidentification as continuous second-order transitions. Here, we demonstrate
through muon spin relaxation/rotation (MuSR) experiments on two archetypal Mott
insulating systems, composition-tuned RENiO3 (RE=rare earth element) and
pressured-tuned V2O3, that the QPT from antiferromagnetic insulator to
paramagnetic metal is first-order: the magnetically ordered volume fraction
decreases to zero at the QPT, resulting in a broad region of intrinsic phase
separation, while the ordered magnetic moment retains its full value across the
phase diagram until it is suddenly destroyed at the QPT. These findings call
for further investigation into the role of inelastic soft modes and the nature
of dynamic spin and charge fluctuations underlying the transition.


title: On the complexity of minimum-link path problems

abstract:
  We revisit the minimum-link path problem: Given a polyhedral domain and two
points in it, connect the points by a polygonal path with minimum number of
edges. We consider settings where the vertices and/or the edges of the path are
restricted to lie on the boundary of the domain, or can be in its interior. Our
results include bit complexity bounds, a novel general hardness construction,
and a polynomial-time approximation scheme. We fully characterize the situation
in 2D, and provide first results in dimensions 3 and higher for several
variants of the problem.
  Concretely, our results resolve several open problems. We prove that
computing the minimum-link diffuse reflection path, motivated by ray tracing in
computer graphics, is NP-hard, even for two-dimensional polygonal domains with
holes. This has remained an open problem [1] despite a large body of work on
the topic. We also resolve the open problem from [2] mentioned in the handbook
[3] (see Chapter 27.5, Open problem 3) and The Open Problems Project [4] (see
Problem 22): "What is the complexity of the minimum-link path problem in
3-space?" Our results imply that the problem is NP-hard even on terrains (and
hence, due to discreteness of the answer, there is no FPTAS unless P=NP), but
admits a PTAS.


title: Super-orbital variability of LS I +61{\deg}303 at TeV energies

abstract:
  The gamma-ray binary LS I +61$^{\circ}$303 is a well established source from
centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE; E$>$100 GeV). Its broadband
emission shows a periodicity of $\sim$26.5 days, coincident with the orbital
period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 $\pm$ 8 days was discovered in
radio and confirmed in optical and high energy (HE; E>100 MeV) gamma-ray
observations. We present a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with
archival data concentrating on a search for a long timescale signature in the
VHE emission. We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE
peak and on the search for correlations between TeV emission and optical
determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk. A four-year campaign
has been carried out by MAGIC. The source was observed during the orbital
phases when the periodic VHE outbursts have occurred ($\phi$=0.55-0.75).
Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations and data published by the
VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I
+61$^{\circ}$303 has also been observed during the orbital phases where
sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past ($\phi$=0.75-1.0). These
MAGIC observations were simultaneous with optical spectroscopy from the
LIVERPOOL telescope. The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases
$\phi$=0.5--0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the
$\sim$4.5 years long-term modulation found in the radio band. This modulation
of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with the best fit
period of $1610\pm 58$ days. The complete dataset span two super-orbital
periods. There is no evidence for a correlation between the TeV emission and
the mass-loss rate of the Be star but this may be affected by the strong, short
timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the H$\alpha$ fluxes.


title: The Very Massive Star Content of the Nuclear Star Clusters in NGC 5253

abstract:
  The blue compact dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 hosts a very young starburst
containing twin nuclear star clusters, separated by a projected distance of 5
pc. One cluster (#5) coincides with the peak of the H-alpha emission and the
other (#11) with a massive ultracompact H II region. A recent analysis of these
clusters shows that they have a photometric age of 1+/-1 Myr, in apparent
contradiction with the age of 3-5 Myr inferred from the presence of Wolf-Rayet
features in the cluster #5 spectrum. We examine Hubble Space Telescope
ultraviolet and Very Large Telescope optical spectroscopy of #5 and show that
the stellar features arise from very massive stars (VMS), with masses greater
than 100 Msun, at an age of 1-2 Myr. We further show that the very high
ionizing flux from the nuclear clusters can only be explained if VMS are
present. We investigate the origin of the observed nitrogen enrichment in the
circum-cluster ionized gas and find that the excess N can be produced by
massive rotating stars within the first 1 Myr. We find similarities between the
NGC 5253 cluster spectrum and those of metal poor, high redshift galaxies. We
discuss the presence of VMS in young, star-forming galaxies at high redshift;
these should be detected in rest frame UV spectra to be obtained with the James
Webb Space Telescope. We emphasize that population synthesis models with upper
mass cut-offs greater than 100 Msun are crucial for future studies of young
massive star clusters at all redshifts.


title:
A High-Order Relativistic Two-Fluid Electrodynamic Scheme with
  Consistent Reconstruction of Electromagnetic Fields and a Multidimensional
  Riemann Solver for Electromagnetism

abstract:
  In various astrophysics settings it is common to have a two-fluid
relativistic plasma that interacts with the electromagnetic field. While it is
common to ignore the displacement current in the ideal, classical
magnetohydrodynamic limit, when the flows become relativistic this
approximation is less than absolutely well-justified. In such a situation, it
is more natural to consider a positively charged fluid made up of positrons or
protons interacting with a negatively charged fluid made up of electrons. The
two fluids interact collectively with the full set of Maxwell's equations. As a
result, a solution strategy for that coupled system of equations is sought and
found here. Our strategy extends to higher orders, providing increasing
accuracy. Three important innovations are reported here. In our first
innovation, the magnetic field within each zone is reconstructed in a
divergence-free fashion while the electric field within each zone is
reconstructed in a form that is consistent with Gauss' law. In our second
innovation, a multidimensionally upwinded strategy is presented which ensures
that the magnetic field can be updated via a discrete interpretation of
Faraday's law and the electric field can be updated via a discrete
interpretation of the generalized Ampere's law. Our third innovation consists
of an efficient design for several popular IMEX schemes so that they provide
strong coupling between the finite-volume-based fluid solver and the
electromagnetic fields at high order. Several accuracy analyses are presented
showing that our method meets its design accuracy in the MHD limit as well as
in the limit of electromagnetic wave propagation. Several stringent test
problems are also presented. We also present a relativistic version of the GEM
problem, which shows that our algorithm can successfully adapt to challenging
problems in high energy astrophysics.


title: A new series of large sets of subspace designs over the binary field

abstract:
  In this article, we show the existence of large sets
$\operatorname{LS}_2[3](2,k,v)$ for infinitely many values of $k$ and $v$. The
exact condition is $v \geq 8$ and $0 \leq k \leq v$ such that for the
remainders $\bar{v}$ and $\bar{k}$ of $v$ and $k$ modulo $6$ we have $2 \leq
\bar{v} < \bar{k} \leq 5$.
  The proof is constructive and consists of two parts. First, we give a
computer construction for an $\operatorname{LS}_2[3](2,4,8)$, which is a
partition of the set of all $4$-dimensional subspaces of an $8$-dimensional
vector space over the binary field into three disjoint $2$-$(8, 4, 217)_2$
subspace designs. Together with the already known
$\operatorname{LS}_2[3](2,3,8)$, the application of a recursion method based on
a decomposition of the Gra{\ss}mannian into joins yields a construction for the
claimed large sets.


title:
Magnetic field-dependent inhomogeneities and their effect on the
  magnetoresponse of 2D superconductors

abstract:
  We show that inhomogeneities in the spatial distribution of Cooper pairs and
in the phase of the local superconducting order parameter in the vicinity of a
superconductor-normal state transition (SNT) in two dimensions can be highly
sensitive to a perpendicular magnetic field. We focus on the role of orbital
effects in the field-dependence of local superfluid stiffness and
superconducting phase disorder in homogeneously-disordered two-dimensional
superconductor thin films. The relative importance of these orbital effects is
analyzed in different physical regimes dominated by Coulomb blockade, thermal
phase fluctuations and Aharanov-Bohm phase disorder respectively. Following
this approach, we obtain explicit expressions for the field dependence of
magnetoresistance and superfluid stiffness near the SNT, and attempt an
understanding of some recent experimental findings.


title:
Search for Spectral Irregularities due to Photon-Axionlike-Particle
  Oscillations With the Fermi Large Area Telescope

abstract:
  We report on the search for spectral irregularities induced by oscillations
between photons and axionlike-particles (ALPs) in the $\gamma$-ray spectrum of
NGC 1275, the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster. Using six years of Fermi
Large Area Telescope data, we find no evidence for ALPs and exclude couplings
above $5\times10^{-12}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ for ALP masses $0.5 \lesssim m_a
\lesssim 5$ neV at 95% confidence. The limits are competitive with the
sensitivity of planned laboratory experiments, and, together with other bounds,
strongly constrain the possibility that ALPs can reduce the $\gamma$-ray
opacity of the Universe.


title:
Wavelets and spectral triples for fractal representations of Cuntz
  algebras

abstract:
  In this article we provide an identification between the wavelet
decompositions of certain fractal representations of $C^*-$algebras of directed
graphs of M. Marcolli and A. Paolucci, and the eigenspaces of Laplacians
associated to spectral triples constructed from Cantor fractal sets that are
the infinite path spaces of Bratteli diagrams associated to the
representations, with a particular emphasis on wavelets for representations of
$\mathcal{O}_D$. In particular, in this setting we use results of J. Pearson
and J. Bellissard, and A. Julien and J. Savinien, to construct first the
spectral triple and then the Laplace Beltrami operator on the associated Cantor
set. We then prove that in certain cases, the orthogonal wavelet decomposition
and the decomposition via orthogonal eigenspaces match up precisely. We give
several explicit examples, including an example related to a Sierpinski
fractal, and compute in detail all the eigenvalues and corresponding
eigenspaces of the Laplace Beltrami operators for the equal weight case for
representations of Cuntz algebras, and in the uneven weight case for certain
representations of $\mathcal{O}_2$, and show how the eigenspaces and wavelet
subspaces at different levels are related.


title: Di-photon portal to warped gravity

abstract:
  The diphoton excess around 750 GeV observed by ATLAS and CMS can be
interpreted as coming from a massive spin-2 excitation. We explore this
possibility in the context of warped five-dimensional models with the Standard
Model (SM) fields propagating in the bulk of the extra dimension. The 750 GeV
resonance is identified with the first Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitation of the
five-dimensional graviton that is parametrically lighter than KK resonances of
SM fields. Our set-up makes it possible to realize non-universal couplings of
the spin-2 resonance to matter, and thus to explain non-observation of the 750
GeV resonance in leptonic channels. Phenomenological predictions of the model
depend on the localization of fields in the extra dimension. If, as required by
naturalness arguments, the zero modes of the Higgs and top fields are localized
near the IR brane, one expects large branching fractions to ttbar, hh, WW, and
ZZ final states. Decays to a Z boson and a photon can also be observable when
the KK graviton couplings to the SM gauge fields are non-universal.


title: Analytic and Monte Carlo Studies of Jets with Heavy Mesons and Quarkonia

abstract:
  We study jets with identified hadrons in which a family of jet-shape
variables called angularities are measured, extending the concept of
fragmenting jet functions (FJFs) to these observables. FJFs determine the
fraction of energy, z, carried by an identified hadron in a jet with
angularity, \tau_a. The FJFs are convolutions of fragmentation functions (FFs),
evolved to the jet energy scale, with perturbatively calculable matching
coefficients. Renormalization group equations are used to provide resummed
calculations with next-to-leading logarithm prime (NLL') accuracy. We apply
this formalism to two-jet events in e^+ e^- collisions with B mesons in the
jets, and three-jet events in which a J/\psi is produced in the gluon jet. In
the case of B mesons, we use a phenomenological FF extracted from e^+ e^-
collisions at the Z^0 pole evaluated at the scale \mu = m_b. For events with
J/\psi, the FF can be evaluated in terms of Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD) matrix
elements at the scale \mu =2 m_c. The z and \tau_a distributions from our NLL'
calculations are compared with predictions from monte carlo event generators.
While we find consistency between the predictions for B mesons and the J/\psi
distributions in \tau_a, we find the z distributions for J/\psi differ
significantly. We describe an attempt to merge PYTHIA showers with NRQCD FFs
that gives good agreement with NLL' calculations of the z distributions.


title:
A DFT+U study on the contribution of 4f electrons to oxygen vacancy
  formation and migration in Ln-doped CeO2

abstract:
  Rare-earth doped form, ceria (CeO2) is of interest as a potential candidate
for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) because of its relatively high oxygen ion
conductivity at temperatures below 600 {\deg}C. At the present time,
computational chemistry has reached a certain maturity which allows prediction
of materials properties that are difficult to observe experimentally. However,
understanding of the roles of dopants on the oxygen ion conduction in CeO2 is
still incomplete for quantitatively reliable analysis due to strong electron
correlation of 4f electrons. In this study, density functional theory
calculations with Hubbard U corrections are conducted to discuss ionic/covalent
interactions in rare-earth-doped CeO2 and their consequences to oxygen ion
conduction. The study suggests that the variable occupancy of empty 4f orbitals
is important typically for early Ln elements to produce the covalent
interactions that essentially affect formation and migration of oxygen
vacancies. This finding is important in understanding the factors responsible
for oxygen ion diffusion in doped CeO2.


title:
The late Universe with non-linear interaction in the dark sector: the
  coincidence problem

abstract:
  We study the Universe at the late stage of its evolution and deep inside the
cell of uniformity. At such a scale the Universe is highly inhomogeneous and
filled with discretely distributed inhomogeneities in the form of galaxies and
groups of galaxies. As a matter source, we consider dark matter (DM) and dark
energy (DE) with a non-linear interaction $Q = 3\mathcal{H}\gamma
\bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DE}} \bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DM}} /
(\bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DE}} + \bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DM}})$, where
$\gamma$ is a constant. We assume that DM is pressureless and DE has a constant
equation of state parameter $w$. In the considered model, the energy densities
of the dark sector components present a scaling behaviour with
$\bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DM}} / \bar\varepsilon_{\mathrm{DE}} \sim \left({a_0}
/ {a} \right)^{-3(w+\gamma)}$. We investigate the possibility that the
perturbations of DM and DE, which are interacting among themselves, could be
coupled to the galaxies with the former being concentrated around them. To
carry our analysis, we consider the theory of scalar perturbations (within the
mechanical approach), and obtain the sets of parameters $(w,\gamma)$ which do
not contradict it. We conclude that two sets: $(w=-2/3,\gamma=1/3)$ and
$(w=-1,\gamma=1/3)$ are of special interest. First, the energy densities of DM
and DE on these cases are concentrated around galaxies confirming that they are
coupled fluids. Second, we show that for both of them, the coincidence problem
is less severe than in the standard $\Lambda$CDM. Third, the set
$(w=-1,\gamma=1/3)$ is within the observational constraints. Finally, we also
obtain an expression for the gravitational potential in the considered model.


title:
A chip-based array of near-identical, pure, heralded single photon
  sources

abstract:
  Interference between independent single photons is perhaps the most
fundamental interaction in quantum optics. It has become increasingly important
as a tool for optical quantum information science, as one of the rudimentary
quantum operations, together with photon detection, for generating entanglement
between non-interacting particles. Despite this, demonstrations of large-scale
photonic networks involving more than two independent sources of quantum light
have been limited due to the difficulty in constructing large arrays of
high-quality single photon sources. Here, we solve the key challenge, reporting
a novel array of more than eighteen near-identical, low-loss, high-purity,
heralded single photon sources achieved using spontaneous four-wave mixing
(SFWM) on a silica chip. We verify source quality through a series of heralded
Hong-Ou-Mandel experiments, and further report the experimental three-photon
extension of the entire Hong-Ou-Mandel interference curves, which map out the
interference landscape between three independent single photon sources for the
first time.