title:
Ginzburg-Landau theory of the superheating field anisotropy of layered
  superconductors

abstract:
  We investigate the effects of material anisotropy on the superheating field
of layered superconductors. We provide an intuitive argument both for the
existence of a superheating field, and its dependence on anisotropy, for
$\kappa = \lambda / \xi$ (the ratio of magnetic to superconducting healing
lengths) both large and small. On the one hand, the combination of our
estimates with published results using a two-gap model for MgB${}_2$ suggests
high anisotropy of the superheating field near zero temperature. On the other
hand, within Ginzburg-Landau theory for a single gap, we see that the
superheating field shows significant anisotropy only when the crystal
anisotropy is large and the Ginzburg-Landau parameter $\kappa$ is small. We
then conclude that only small anisotropies in the superheating field are
expected for typical unconventional superconductors near the critical
temperature. Using a generalized form of Ginzburg Landau theory, we do a
quantitative calculation for the anisotropic superheating field by mapping the
problem to the isotropic case, and present a phase diagram in terms of
anisotropy and $\kappa$, showing type I, type II, or mixed behavior (within
Ginzburg-Landau theory), and regions where each asymptotic solution is
expected. We estimate anisotropies for a number of different materials, and
discuss the importance of these results for radio-frequency cavities for
particle accelerators.


title:
Anomalous wave as a result of the collision of two wave groups on sea
  surface

abstract:
  The numerical simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of the sea surface has
shown that the collision of two groups of relatively low waves with close but
noncollinear wave vectors (two or three waves in each group with a steepness of
about 0.2) can result in the appearance of an individual anomalous wave whose
height is noticeably larger than that in the linear theory. Since such
collisions quite often occur on the ocean surface, this scenario of the
formation of rogue waves is apparently most typical under natural conditions.


title:
Comment on the paper "The finite square well: whatever is worth teaching
  at all is worth teaching well ", arXiv:1505.03376v2 [physics.ed-ph] by K.
  Razi Naqvi and S. Waldenstr{\o}m

abstract:
  In the aforementioned paper, the authors claim that my results concerning the
consequent application of Garrett's method for obtaining approximate
expressions of the bound states energy of a particle in a finite rectangular
well are incorrect. I shall show hat this is not the case, and demonstrate that
both their and my results lead to the same conclusion, i.e. that the consequent
application of Garrett's method is equivalent to Barker's approximation.


title: Hitting Families of Schedules for Asynchronous Programs

abstract:
  We consider the following basic task in the testing of concurrent systems.
The input to the task is a partial order of events, which models actions
performed on or by the system and specifies ordering constraints between them.
The task is to determine if some scheduling of these events can result in a
bug. The number of schedules to be explored can, in general, be exponential.
  Empirically, many bugs in concurrent programs have been observed to have
small bug depth; that is, these bugs are exposed by every schedule that orders
$d$ specific events in a particular way, irrespective of how the other events
are ordered, and $d$ is small compared to the total number of events. To find
all bugs of depth $d$, one needs to only test a $d$-hitting family of
schedules: we call a set of schedules a $d$-hitting family if for each set of
$d$ events, and for each allowed ordering of these events, there is some
schedule in the family that executes these events in this ordering. The size of
a $d$-hitting family may be much smaller than the number of all possible
schedules, and a natural question is whether one can find $d$-hitting families
of schedules that have small size.
  In general, finding the size of optimal $d$-hitting families is hard, even
for $d=2$. We show, however, that when the partial order is a tree, one can
explicitly construct $d$-hitting families of schedules of small size. When the
tree is balanced, our constructions are polylogarithmic in the number of
events.


title: An Optical Analysis of the Merging Cluster Abell 3888

abstract:
  In this paper we present new AAOmega spectroscopy of 254 galaxies within a
30' radius around Abell 3888. We combine these data with the existing redshifts
measured in a one degree radius around the cluster and performed a substructure
analysis. We confirm 71 member galaxies within the core of A3888 and determine
a new average redshift and velocity dispersion for the cluster of 0.1535 +\-
0.0009 and 1181 +\- 197 km/s, respectively. The cluster is elongated along an
East-West axis and we find the core is bimodal along this axis with two
sub-groups of 26 and 41 members detected. Our results suggest that A3888 is a
merging system putting to rest the previous conjecture about the morphological
status of the cluster derived from X-ray observations. In addition to the
results on A3888 we also present six newly detected galaxy over-densities in
the field, three of which we classify as new galaxy clusters.


title: Human Machine Epistemology Survey

abstract:
  Pluridisciplinar convergence is a major problem that had emerged with
Human-Artefact Systems and so-called " Augmented Humanity " as academical
fields and even more as technical fields. Problems come mainly from the
juxtaposition of two very different types of system, a biological one and an
artificial one. Thus, conceiving and designing the multiple couplings between
them has become a major difficulty. Some came with reductionnist solutions to
answer these problems but since we know that a biological system and a
technical system are different, this approach is limited from its beginning.
Using a specifically designed questionnaire and statistical analysis we
determined how specialists (medical practitioners, ergonomists and engineers)
in the domain conceive themselves what is a Human-Artifact System and how they
relate to existent traditions and showed that some of them relate to the
integrativist views.


title:
On the potential of multivariate techniques for the determination of
  multidimensional efficiencies

abstract:
  Differential measurements of particle collisions or decays can provide
stringent constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics.
In particular, the distributions of the kinematical and angular variables that
characterise heavy me- son multibody decays are non trivial and can sign the
underlying interaction physics. In the era of high luminosity opened by the
advent of the Large Hadron Collider and of Flavor Factories, differential
measurements are less and less dominated by statistical precision and require a
precise determination of efficiencies that depend simultaneously on several
variables and do not factorise in these variables. This docu- ment is a
reflection on the potential of multivariate techniques for the determination of
such multidimensional efficiencies. We carried out two case studies that show
that multilayer perceptron neural networks can determine and correct for the
distortions introduced by reconstruction and selection criteria in the
multidimensional phase space of the decays $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}(\rightarrow
K^{+}\pi^{-}) \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ and $D^{0}\rightarrow
K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$, at the price of a minimal analysis effort. We
conclude that this method can already be used for measurements which
statistical precision does not yet reach the percent level and that with more
sophisticated machine learning methods, the aforementioned potential is very
promising.


title: Dispersion Synthesis with Multi-Ordered Metatronic Filters

abstract:
  We propose the synthesis of frequency dispersion of layered structures based
on the design of multi-ordered optical filters using nanocircuit concepts.
Following the well known insertion loss method commonly employed in the design
of electronic and microwave filters, here we theoretically show how we can
tailor optical dispersion as we carry out the design of several low-pass,
high-pass, band-pass and band-stop filters of different order with a (maximally
flat) Butterworth response. We numerically demonstrate that these filters can
be designed by combining metasurfaces made of one or two materials acting as
optical lumped elements, and, hence, leading to simple, easy to apply, design
rules. The theoretical results based on this circuital approach are validated
with full-wave numerical simulations. The results presented here can be
extended to virtually any frequency dispersion synthesis, filter design
procedure and/or functionality, thus opening up exciting possibilities in the
design of composite materials with on-demand dispersion and high-performance
and compact optical filters using one or two materials.


title:
Extending Hypothesis Testing with Persistence Homology to Three or More
  Groups

abstract:
  We extend the work of Robinson and Turner to use hypothesis testing with
persistence homology to test for measurable differences in shape between point
clouds from three or more groups. Using samples of point clouds from three
distinct groups, we conduct a large-scale simulation study to validate our
proposed extension. We consider various combinations of groups, samples sizes
and measurement errors in the simulation study, providing for each combination
the percentage of $p$-values below an alpha-level of 0.05. Additionally, we
apply our method to a Cardiotocography data set and find statistically
significant evidence of measurable differences in shape between normal, suspect
and pathologic health status groups.


title:
On the number of parts of integer partitions lying in given residue
  classes

abstract:
  Improving upon previous work on the subject, we use Wright's Circle Method to
derive an asymptotic formula for the number of parts in all partitions of an
integer that are in any given arithmetic progression.


title:
Anharmonicity in the high-temperature Cmcm phase of SnSe: soft modes and
  three-phonon interactions

abstract:
  The layered semiconductor SnSe is one of the highest-performing
thermoelectric materials known. We demonstrate, through a first-principles
lattice-dynamics study, that the high-temperature Cmcm phase is a dynamic
average over lower-symmetry minima separated by very small energetic barriers.
Compared to the low-temperature Pnma phase, the Cmcm phase displays a phonon
softening and enhanced three-phonon scattering, leading to an anharmonic
damping of the low-frequency modes and hence the thermal transport. We develop
a renormalisation scheme to quantify the effect of the soft modes on the
calculated properties, and confirm that the anharmonicity is an inherent
feature of the Cmcm phase. These results suggest a design concept for thermal
insulators and thermoelectric materials, based on displacive instabilities, and
highlight the power of lattice-dynamics calculations for materials
characterization.


title:
Mechanically Tunable Slippery Behavior on Soft Poly(dimethylsiloxane)
  (PDMS) Based Anisotropic Wrinkles Infused with Lubricating Fluid

abstract:
  We demonstrate a novel technique to fabricate mechanically tunable slippery
surfaces using one dimensional (anisotropic) elastic wrinkles. Such wrinkles
show tunable topography (amplitude) on the application of mechanical strain.
Following Nepenthes pitcher plants, lubricating fluid infused solid surfaces
show excellent slippery behavior for test liquid drops. Therefore combining the
above two i.e. infusing suitable lubricating fluid on elastic wrinkles would
enable us to fabricate mechanically tunable slippery surfaces. Completely
stretched (flat) wrinkles have uniform coating of lubricating fluid whereas
completely relaxed (full amplitude) wrinkles have most of the lubricating oil
in the wrinkle grooves. Therefore water drops on completely stretched surface
show excellent slippery behavior whereas on completely relaxed surface they
show very poor slippery behavior. Therefore continuous variation of wrinkle
stretching provide reversibly tunable slippery behavior on such system. Since
the winkles are one dimensional, they show anisotropic tunability of slippery
behavior depending upon whether test liquid drops slip parallel or
perpendicular to the wrinkles.


title:
Theoretical connections between mathematical neuronal models
  corresponding to different expressions of noise

abstract:
  Identifying the right tools to express the stochastic aspects of neural
activity has proven to be one of the biggest challenges in computational
neuroscience. Even if there is no definitive answer to this issue, the most
common procedure to express this randomness is the use of stochastic models. In
accordance with the origin of variability, the sources of randomness are
classified as intrinsic or extrinsic and give rise to distinct mathematical
frameworks to track down the dynamics of the cell. While the external
variability is generally treated by the use of a Wiener process in models such
as the Integrate-and-Fire model, the internal variability is mostly expressed
via a random firing process. In this paper, we investigate how those distinct
expressions of variability can be related. To do so, we examine the probability
density functions to the corresponding stochastic models and investigate in
what way they can be mapped one to another via integral transforms. Our
theoretical findings offer a new insight view into the particular categories of
variability and it confirms that, despite their contrasting nature, the
mathematical formalization of internal and external variability are strikingly
similar.


title:
On methods for correcting for the look-elsewhere effect in searches for
  new physics

abstract:
  The search for new significant peaks over a energy spectrum often involves a
statistical multiple hypothesis testing problem. Separate tests of hypothesis
are conducted at different locations producing an ensemble of local p-values,
the smallest of which is reported as evidence for the new resonance.
Unfortunately, controlling the false detection rate (type I error rate) of such
procedures may lead to excessively stringent acceptance criteria. In the recent
physics literature, two promising statistical tools have been proposed to
overcome these limitations. In 2005, a method to "find needles in haystacks"
was introduced by Pilla et al. [1], and a second method was later proposed by
Gross and Vitells [2] in the context of the "look elsewhere effect" and trial
factors. We show that, for relatively small sample sizes, the former leads to
an artificial inflation of statistical power that stems from an increase in the
false detection rate, whereas the two methods exhibit similar performance for
large sample sizes. We apply the methods to realistic simulations of the Fermi
Large Area Telescope data, in particular the search for dark matter
annihilation lines. Further, we discuss the counter-intutive scenario where the
look-elsewhere corrections are more conservative than much more computationally
efficient corrections for multiple hypothesis testing. Finally, we provide
general guidelines for navigating the tradeoffs between statistical and
computational efficiency when selecting a statistical procedure for signal
detection.

categories: physics.data-an astro-ph.HE hep-ex hep-ph stat.ME


title:
Spin-mediated photomechanical coupling of a nanoelectromechanical
  shuttle

abstract:
  We show that nano-mechanical vibrations in a magnetic shuttle device can be
strongly affected by external microwave irradiation through photo-assisted
electronic spin-flip transitions. Mechanical consequences of these spin-flips
are due to a spin-dependent magnetic force, which may lead to a nano-mechanical
instability in the device. We derive a criterion for the instability to
actually occur and analyze different regimes of possible nano-mechanical
oscillations. Possible experimental realizations of the spin-mediated
photo-mechanical instability and detection of the device back action are
discussed.


title: Negative curvature in graphical small cancellation groups

abstract:
  We use the interplay between combinatorial and coarse geometric versions of
negative curvature to investigate the geometry of infinitely presented
graphical $Gr'(1/6)$ small cancellation groups. In particular, we characterize
their 'contracting geodesics', which should be thought of as the geodesics that
behave hyperbolically.
  We show that every degree of contraction can be achieved by a geodesic in a
finitely generated group. We construct the first example of a finitely
generated group $G$ containing an element $g$ that is strongly contracting with
respect to one finite generating set of $G$ and not strongly contracting with
respect to another. In the case of classical $C'(1/6)$ small cancellation
groups we give complete characterizations of geodesics that are Morse and that
are strongly contracting.
  We show that many graphical $Gr'(1/6)$ small cancellation groups contain
strongly contracting elements and, in particular, are growth tight. We
construct uncountably many quasi-isometry classes of finitely generated,
torsion-free groups in which every maximal cyclic subgroup is hyperbolically
embedded. These are the first examples of this kind that are not subgroups of
hyperbolic groups.
  In the course of our analysis we show that if the defining graph of a
graphical $Gr'(1/6)$ small cancellation group has finite components, then the
elements of the group have translation lengths that are rational and bounded
away from zero.


title: MISO Networks with Imperfect CSIT: A Topological Rate-Splitting Approach

abstract:
  Recently, the Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) region of multiple-input-single-output
(MISO) networks with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter
(CSIT) has attracted significant attentions. An achievable scheme is known as
rate-splitting (RS) that integrates common-message-multicasting and
private-message-unicasting. In this paper, focusing on the general $K$-cell
MISO IC where the CSIT of each interference link has an arbitrary quality of
imperfectness, we firstly identify the DoF region achieved by RS. Secondly, we
introduce a novel scheme, so called Topological RS (TRS), whose novelties
compared to RS lie in a multi-layer structure and transmitting multiple common
messages to be decoded by groups of users rather than all users. The design of
TRS is motivated by a novel interpretation of the $K$-cell IC with imperfect
CSIT as a weighted-sum of a series of partially connected networks. We show
that the DoF region achieved by TRS covers that achieved by RS. Also, we find
the maximal sum DoF achieved by TRS via hypergraph fractional packing, which
yields the best sum DoF so far. Lastly, for a realistic scenario where each
user is connected to three dominant transmitters, we identify the sufficient
condition where TRS strictly outperforms conventional schemes.


title: Path-polarization hyperentangled and cluster states of photons on a chip

abstract:
  Encoding many qubits in different degrees of freedom (DOFs) of single photons
is one of the routes towards enlarging the Hilbert space spanned by a photonic
quantum state. Hyperentangled photon states (i.e. states showing entanglement
in multiple DOFs) have demonstrated significant implications for both
fundamental physics tests and quantum communication and computation. Increasing
the number of qubits of photonic experiments requires miniaturization and
integration of the basic elements and functions to guarantee the set-up
stability. This motivates the development of technologies allowing the precise
control of different photonic DOFs on a chip. We demonstrate the contextual use
of path and polarization qubits propagating within an integrated quantum
circuit. We tested the properties of four-qubit linear cluster states built on
both DOFs. Our results pave the way towards the full integration on a chip of
hybrid multiqubit multiphoton states.


title:
Integrative Dynamic Reconfiguration in a Parallel Stream Processing
  Engine

abstract:
  Load balancing, operator instance collocations and horizontal scaling are
critical issues in Parallel Stream Processing Engines to achieve low data
processing latency, optimized cluster utilization and minimized communication
cost respectively. In previous work, these issues are typically tackled
separately and independently. We argue that these problems are tightly coupled
in the sense that they all need to determine the allocations of workloads and
migrate computational states at runtime. Optimizing them independently would
result in suboptimal solutions. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate how
these three issues can be modeled as one integrated optimization problem. In
particular, we first consider jobs where workload allocations have little
effect on the communication cost, and model the problem of load balance as a
Mixed-Integer Linear Program. Afterwards, we present an extended solution
called ALBIC, which support general jobs. We implement the proposed techniques
on top of Apache Storm, an open-source Parallel Stream Processing Engine. The
extensive experimental results over both synthetic and real datasets show that
our techniques clearly outperform existing approaches.


title: A first-order multigrid method for bound-constrained convex optimization

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to design an efficient multigrid method for
constrained convex optimization problems arising from discretization of some
underlying infinite dimensional problems. Due to problem dependency of this
approach, we only consider bound constraints with (possibly) a single equality
constraint. As our aim is to target large-scale problems, we want to avoid
computation of second derivatives of the objective function, thus excluding
Newton like methods. We propose a smoothing operator that only uses first-order
information and study the computational efficiency of the resulting method.


title: Nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in foundations: summary of 4 catches

abstract:
  Fundamental modifications of the standard Schr\"odinger equation by
additional nonlinear terms have been considered for various purposes over the
recent decades. It came as a surprise when, inverting Abner Shimony's
observation of "peaceful coexistence" between standard quantum mechanics and
relativity, N. Gisin proved in 1990 that any (deterministic) nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation would allow for superluminal communication. This is by
now the most spectacular and best known anomaly. We discuss further anomalies,
simple but foundational, less spectacular but not less dramatic.


title: A sequence of triangle-free pseudorandom graphs

abstract:
  A construction of Alon yields a sequence of highly pseudorandom triangle-free
graphs with edge density significantly higher than one might expect from
comparison with random graphs. We give an alternative construction for such
graphs.


title: Planar growth generates scale free networks

abstract:
  In this paper we introduce a model of spatial network growth in which nodes
are placed at randomly selected locations on a unit square in $\mathbb{R}^2$,
forming new connections to old nodes subject to the constraint that edges do
not cross. The resulting network has a power law degree distribution, high
clustering and the small world property. We argue that these characteristics
are a consequence of the two defining features of the network formation
procedure; growth and planarity conservation. We demonstrate that the model can
be understood as a variant of random Apollonian growth and further propose a
one parameter family of models with the Random Apollonian Network and the
Deterministic Apollonian Network as extreme cases and our model as a midpoint
between them. We then relax the planarity constraint by allowing edge crossings
with some probability and find a smooth crossover from power law to exponential
degree distributions when this probability is increased.


title:
An a posteriori KAM theorem for whiskered tori in Hamiltonian partial
  differential equations with applications to some ill-posed equations

abstract:
  The goal of this paper is to develop a KAM theory for tori with hyperbolic
directions, which applies to Hamiltonian partial differential equations, even
to some ill-posed ones. The main result has an \emph{a-posteriori} format,
i.e., we show that if there is an approximate solution of an invariance
equation which also satisfies some non-degeneracy conditions, then there is a
true solution nearby. The a-posteriori format also has other automatic
consequences (smooth dependence on parameters, bootstrap of regularity, etc.).
The method of proof is based on an iterative method to solve a functional
equation for the parameterization of the torus satisfying the invariance
equations and for parametrization of directions invariant under the
linearizatation. The iterative method does not use transformation theory or
action-angle variables. It does not assume that the system is close to
integrable. We first develop an abstract theorem. Then, we show how this
abstract result applies to some concrete examples, including the scalar
Boussinesq equation and the Boussinesq system so that we construct {\sl small
amplitude} tori for the equations, which are even in the spatial variable. Note
that the equations we use as examples are ill-posed.


title: Lattice gauge theories simulations in the quantum information era

abstract:
  The many-body problem is ubiquitous in the theoretical description of
physical phenomena, ranging from the behavior of elementary particles to the
physics of electrons in solids. Most of our understanding of many-body systems
comes from analyzing the symmetry properties of Hamiltonian and states: the
most striking example are gauge theories such as quantum electrodynamics, where
a local symmetry strongly constrains the microscopic dynamics. The physics of
such gauge theories is relevant for the understanding of a diverse set of
systems, including frustrated quantum magnets and the collective dynamics of
elementary particles within the standard model. In the last few years, several
approaches have been put forward to tackle the complex dynamics of gauge
theories using quantum information concepts. In particular, quantum simulation
platforms have been put forward for the realization of synthetic gauge
theories, and novel classical simulation algorithms based on quantum
information concepts have been formulated. In this review we present an
introduction to these approaches, illustrating the basics concepts and
highlighting the connections between apparently very different fields, and
report the recent developments in this new thriving field of research.

categories: cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.stat-mech hep-lat quant-ph


title: Cone avoiding closed sets

abstract:
  We prove that for an arbitrary subtree $T$ of $2^{<\omega}$ with each element
extendable to a path, a given countable class $\mathcal{M}$ closed under
disjoint union, and any set $A$, if none of the members of $\mathcal{M}$
strongly $k$-enumerate $T$ for any $k$, then there exists an infinite set
contained in either $A$ or $\bar{A}$ such that for every $C\in\mathcal{M}$,
$C\oplus G$ also does not strongly $k$-enumerate $T$. We give applications of
this result, which include: (1) $\mathsf{RT_2^2}$ doesn't imply
$\mathsf{WWKL_0}$; (2) (Ambos-Spies et al.2004) $\mathsf{DNR}$ is strictly
weaker than $\mathsf{WWKL_0}$; (3) (Kjos-Hanssen 2009) for any Martin-L\"{o}f
random set $A$ either $A$ or $\bar{A}$ contains an infinite subset that does
not compute any Martin-L\"{o}f random set; etc. We also discuss further
generalizations of this result.


title:
Duality between the pseudoeffective and the movable cone on a projective
  manifold

abstract:
  We prove a conjecture of Boucksom-Demailly-P\u{a}un-Peternell, namely that on
a projective manifold $X$ the cone of pseudoeffective classes in
$H^{1,1}_{\mathbb{R}}(X)$ is dual to the cone of movable classes in
$H^{n-1,n-1}_{\mathbb{R}}(X)$ via the Poincar\'e pairing. This is done by
establishing a conjectured transcendental Morse inequality for the volume of
the difference of two nef classes on a projective manifold. As a corollary the
movable cone is seen to be equal to the closure of the cone of balanced
metrics. In an appendix by Boucksom it is shown that the Morse inequality also
implies that the volume function is differentiable on the big cone, and one
also gets a characterization of the prime divisors in the non-K\"ahler locus of
a big class via intersection numbers.


title: Network of Bandits insure Privacy of end-users

abstract:
  In order to distribute the best arm identification task as close as possible
to the user's devices, on the edge of the Radio Access Network, we propose a
new problem setting, where distributed players collaborate to find the best
arm. This architecture guarantees privacy to end-users since no events are
stored. The only thing that can be observed by an adversary through the core
network is aggregated information across users. We provide a first algorithm,
Distributed Median Elimination, which is optimal in term of number of
transmitted bits and near optimal in term of speed-up factor with respect to an
optimal algorithm run independently on each player. In practice, this first
algorithm cannot handle the trade-off between the communication cost and the
speed-up factor, and requires some knowledge about the distribution of players.
Extended Distributed Median Elimination overcomes these limitations, by playing
in parallel different instances of Distributed Median Elimination and selecting
the best one. Experiments illustrate and complete the analysis. According to
the analysis, in comparison to Median Elimination performed on each player, the
proposed algorithm shows significant practical improvements.


title:
Interplay between Social Influence and Network Centrality: A Comparative
  Study on Shapley Centrality and Single-Node-Influence Centrality

abstract:
  We study network centrality based on dynamic influence propagation models in
social networks. To illustrate our integrated mathematical-algorithmic approach
for understanding the fundamental interplay between dynamic influence processes
and static network structures, we focus on two basic centrality measures: (a)
Single Node Influence (SNI) centrality, which measures each node's significance
by its influence spread; and (b) Shapley Centrality, which uses the Shapley
value of the influence spread function --- formulated based on a fundamental
cooperative-game-theoretical concept --- to measure the significance of nodes.
We present a comprehensive comparative study of these two centrality measures.
Mathematically, we present axiomatic characterizations, which precisely capture
the essence of these two centrality measures and their fundamental differences.
Algorithmically, we provide scalable algorithms for approximating them for a
large family of social-influence instances. Empirically, we demonstrate their
similarity and differences in a number of real-world social networks, as well
as the efficiency of our scalable algorithms. Our results shed light on their
applicability: SNI centrality is suitable for assessing individual influence in
isolation while Shapley centrality assesses individuals' performance in group
influence settings.


title: A review of the discovery reach of directional Dark Matter detection

abstract:
  Cosmological observations indicate that most of the matter in the Universe is
Dark Matter. Dark Matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles
(WIMPs) can be detected directly, via its elastic scattering off target nuclei.
Most current direct detection experiments only measure the energy of the
recoiling nuclei. However, directional detection experiments are sensitive to
the direction of the nuclear recoil as well. Due to the Sun's motion with
respect to the Galactic rest frame, the directional recoil rate has a dipole
feature, peaking around the direction of the Solar motion. This provides a
powerful tool for demonstrating the Galactic origin of nuclear recoils and
hence unambiguously detecting Dark Matter. Furthermore, the directional recoil
distribution depends on the WIMP mass, scattering cross section and local
velocity distribution. Therefore, with a large number of recoil events it will
be possible to study the physics of Dark Matter in terms of particle and
astrophysical properties. We review the potential of directional detectors for
detecting and characterizing WIMPs.


title: On the spreading of impacting drops

abstract:
  The energy budget and dissipation mechanisms during droplet impact on solid
surfaces are studied numerically and theoretically. We find that for high
impact velocities and negligible surface friction at the solid surface (i.e.
free-slip), about one half of the initial kinetic energy is transformed into
surface energy, independent of the impact parameters and the detailed energy
loss mechanism(s). We argue that this seemingly universal rule is related to
the deformation mode of the droplet and is reminiscent of pipe flow undergoing
a sudden expansion, for which the head loss can be calculated by multiplying
the kinetic energy of the incoming flow by a geometrical factor. For impacts on
a no-slip surface also dissipation in the shear boundary layer at the solid
surface is important. In this case the geometric head loss acts as a lower
bound on the total dissipation (i.e. the spreading on a no-slip surface
approaches that on a free-slip surface when the droplet viscosity is send to
zero).
  This new view on the impact problem allows for simple analytical estimates of
the maximum spreading diameter of impacting drops as a function of the impact
parameters and the properties of the solid surface. It bridges the gap between
previous momentum balance approaches and energy balance approaches, which
hitherto did not give consistent predictions in the low viscosity limit. Good
agreement is found between our models and experiments, both for impacts on
"slippery" or lubricated surfaces (e.g. Leidenfrost droplet impacts and head-on
droplet-droplet collisions) and for impacts on no-slip surfaces.


title:
No-signaling versus quantum constraints for spatio-temporal correlations
  caused by weak measurement

abstract:
  One of the formulations of Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concerning
so-called measurement uncertainty, states that the measurement of one
observable modifies the statistics of the other. Here, we derive such a
measurement uncertainty principle from two comprehensible assumptions:
impossibility of instantaneous messaging at a distance (no-signaling), and
violation of Bell inequalities (non-locality). The uncertainty is established
for a pair of observables of one of two spatially separated systems that
exhibit non-local correlations. To this end, we introduce a gentle form of
measurement which acquires partial information about one of the observables. We
then bound disturbance of the remaining observables by the amount of
information gained from the gentle measurement, minus a correction depending on
the degree of non-locality. The obtained quantitative expression resembles the
quantum mechanical formulations, yet it is derived without the quantum
formalism and complements the known qualitative effect of disturbance implied
by non-locality and no-signaling.


title: $\mathsf{RT}_2^2$ does not imply $\mathsf{WKL}_0$

abstract:
  We prove that $\mathsf{RCA}_0+\mathsf{RT}_2^2\not\rightarrow \mathsf{WKL}_0$
by showing that for any set $C$ not of PA-degree and any set $A$, there exists
an infinite subset $G$ of $A$ or $\bar{A}$, such that $G\oplus C$ is also not
of PA-degree.


title:
Distinguishability revisited: depth dependent bounds on reconstruction
  quality in electrical impedance tomography

abstract:
  The reconstruction problem in electrical impedance tomography is highly
ill-posed, and it is often observed numerically that reconstructions have poor
resolution far away from the measurement boundary but better resolution near
the measurement boundary. The observation can be quantified by the concept of
distinguishability of inclusions. This paper provides mathematically rigorous
results supporting the intuition. Indeed, for a model problem lower and upper
bounds on the distinguishability of an inclusion are derived in terms of the
boundary data. These bounds depend explicitly on the distance of the inclusion
to the boundary, i.e. the depth of the inclusion. The results are obtained for
disk inclusions in a homogeneous background in the unit disk. The theoretical
bounds are verified numerically using a novel, exact characterization of the
forward map as a tridiagonal matrix.


title:
A Decentralized Energy-Optimal Control Framework for Connected Automated
  Vehicles at Signal-Free Intersections

abstract:
  We address the problem of optimally controlling connected and automated
vehicles (CAVs) crossing an urban intersection without any explicit traffic
signaling, so as to minimize energy consumption subject to a throughput
maximization requirement. We show that the solution of the throughput
maximization problem depends only on the hard safety constraints imposed on
CAVs and its structure enables a decentralized optimal control problem
formulation for energy minimization. We present a complete analytical solution
of these decentralized problems and derive conditions under which feasible
solutions satisfying all safety constraints always exist. The effectiveness of
the proposed solution is illustrated through simulation which shows substantial
dual benefits of the proposed decentralized framework by allowing CAVs to
conserve momentum and fuel while also improving travel time.


title:
Modeling contrary size effects of tensile- and torsion-loaded
  oligocrystalline gold microwires

abstract:
  When Chen et al. (2015, Acta Mater. 87, 78-85) investigated the deformation
behavior of oligocrystalline gold microwires with varying diameters in both
uniaxial tension and torsion, contrary size effects were observed for the
different load cases. In accompanying microstructural studies it was found,
that the microwires of different thickness reveal distinctive differences in
grain size and texture, respectively. As a consequence, a significant influence
of these microstructural variations on the determined size effects was assumed.
However, within the frame of their work, a direct confirmation could only be
presented for the effect of the grain size. In the present work, the
size-dependent mechanical response of the microwires is modeled with a gradient
plasticity theory. By finite element simulations of simplified grain
aggregates, the influence of the texture on the size effects is investigated
under both loading conditions. It is shown that the experimentally observed
contrary size effects can only be reproduced when taking into account the
individual textures of the microwires of different thickness within the
modeling.


title:
Event-by-event hydrodynamics $+$ jet energy loss: A solution to the
  $R_{AA} \otimes v_2$ puzzle

abstract:
  High $p_T > 10$ GeV elliptic flow, which is experimentally measured via the
correlation between soft and hard hadrons, receives competing contributions
from event-by-event fluctuations of the low $p_T$ elliptic flow and event plane
angle fluctuations in the soft sector. In this paper, a proper account of these
event-by-event fluctuations in the soft sector, modeled via viscous
hydrodynamics, is combined with a jet energy loss model to reveal that the
positive contribution from low $p_T$ $v_2$ fluctuations overwhelms the negative
contributions from event plane fluctuations. This leads to an enhancement of
high $p_T > 10$ GeV elliptic flow in comparison to previous calculations and
provides a natural solution to the decade long high $p_T$ $R_{AA} \otimes v_2$
puzzle. We also present the first theoretical calculation of high $p_T$ $v_3$,
which is shown to be compatible with current LHC data. Furthermore, we discuss
how short wavelength jet-medium physics can be deconvoluted from the physics of
soft, bulk event-by-event flow observables using event shape engineering
techniques.


title: The excited spin-triplet state of a charged exciton in quantum dots

abstract:
  We report on single-object spectroscopic studies of a characteristic set of
three resonances which appear in GaAlAs/AlAs quantum dot structures. The
experiments included the photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence
excitation (PLE) spectroscopy, photon-correlation measurements, analysis of the
linear polarization of the emission spectra as well as the PL and PLE
spectroscopy performed as a function of magnetic field. The investigated
resonances are assigned to three different states of a positively charged
exciton: a singlet ground state, a conventional triplet state (involving an
electron from the ground state electronic $s$-shell), and additionally, a
highly excited triplet state (involving the electron from the excited
electronic $p$-shell). Advantageously (due to partially suppressed relaxation
efficiency), the emission due to the highly excited triplet can seen in the
spectra which allows us to scrupulously determine its properties and compare
them to those of the conventional triplet state. Whereas both triplet states
show similar patterns of the fine structure and Zeeman splitting, the splitting
amplitudes are found to be significantly different for these two states. The
presented results emphasize the role of the symmetry of the electronic state on
the properties of the triplet states of the two holes + electron excitonic
complex.


title: BPASS predictions for Binary Black-Hole Mergers

abstract:
  Using the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis code BPASS, we have
calculated the rates, timescales and mass distributions for binary black hole
mergers as a function of metallicity. We consider these in the context of the
recently reported 1st LIGO event detection. We find that the event has a very
low probability of arising from a stellar population with initial metallicity
mass fraction above Z=0.010 (Z>0.5Zsun). Binary black hole merger events with
the reported masses are most likely in populations below 0.008 (Z<0.4Zsun).
Events of this kind can occur at all stellar population ages from ~3 Myr up to
the age of the universe, but constitute only 0.1 to 0.4 per cent of binary BH
mergers between metallicities of Z=0.001 to 0.008. However at metallicity
Z=0.0001, 26 per cent of binary BH mergers would be expected to have the
reported masses. At this metallicity the progenitor merger times can be close
to ~10Gyr and rotationally-mixed stars evolving through quasi-homogeneous
evolution, due to mass transfer in a binary, dominate the rate. The masses
inferred for the black holes in the binary progenitor of GW\,150914 are amongst
the most massive expected at anything but the lowest metallicities in our
models. We discuss the implications of our analysis for the electromagnetic
follow-up of future LIGO event detections.


title: Critical Casimir forces between defects in the 2D Ising model

abstract:
  An exact statistical mechanical derivation is given of the critical Casimir
interactions between two defects in a planar lattice-gas Ising model. Each
defect is a group of nearest-neighbor spins with modified coupling constants.
Such a system can be regarded as a model of a binary liquid mixture with the
molecules confined to a membrane and the defects mimicking protein inclusions
embedded into the membrane. As suggested by recent experiments, certain
cellular membranes appear to be tuned to the proximity of a critical demixing
point belonging to the two-dimensional Ising universality class. Therefore one
can expect the emergence of critical Casimir forces between membrane
inclusions. These forces are governed by universal scaling functions, which we
derive for simple defects. We prove that the scaling law appearing at
criticality is the same for all types of defects considered here.


title: Gravity loop corrections to the standard model Higgs in Einstein gravity

abstract:
  We study one-loop quantum gravity corrections to the standard model Higgs
potential $V(\phi)$ $\grave{\rm a}$ la Coleman-Weinberg and examine the
stability question of $V(\phi)$ in the energy region of Planck mass scale,
$\mu\simeq M_{\rm Pl}$ ($M_{\rm Pl}=1.22\times10^{19}{\rm GeV}$). We calculate
the gravity one-loop corrections to $V(\phi)$ in Einstein gravity by using the
momentum cut-off $\Lambda$. We have found that even small gravity corrections
compete with the standard model term of $V(\phi)$ and affect the stability
argument of the latter part alone. This is because the latter part is nearly
zero in the energy region of $M_{\rm Pl}$.


title: Orderability and Dehn filling

abstract:
  Motivated by conjectures relating group orderability, Floer homology, and
taut foliations, we discuss a systematic and broadly applicable technique for
constructing left-orders on the fundamental groups of rational homology
3-spheres. Specifically, for a compact 3-manifold $M$ with torus boundary, we
give several criteria which imply that whole intervals of Dehn fillings of $M$
have left-orderable fundamental groups. Our technique uses certain
representations from $\pi_1(M)$ into $\widetilde{\mathrm{PSL}_2 \mathbb{R}}$,
which we organize into an infinite graph in $H^1(\partial M; \mathbb{R})$
called the translation extension locus. We include many plots of such loci
which inform the proofs of our main results and suggest interesting avenues for
future research.


title:
Optimal designs for regression models with autoregressive errors
  structure

abstract:
  In the one-parameter regression model with AR(1) and AR(2) errors we find
explicit expressions and a continuous approximation of the optimal discrete
design for the signed least square estimator. The results are used to derive
the optimal variance of the best linear estimator in the continuous time model
and to construct efficient estimators and corresponding optimal designs for
finite samples. The resulting procedure (estimator and design) provides nearly
the same efficiency as the weighted least squares and its variance is close to
the optimal variance in the continuous time model. The results are illustrated
by several examples demonstrating the feasibility of our approach.


title: Explicit coupling argument for nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations

abstract:
  The transfer operator corresponding to a uniformly expanding map enjoys good
spectral properties. Here it is verified that coupling yields explicit
estimates that depend continuously on the expansion and distortion constants of
the map. For nonuniformly expanding maps with a uniformly expanding induced
map, we obtain explicit estimates for mixing rates (exponential, stretched
exponential, polynomial) that again depend continuously on the constants for
the induced map together with data associated to the inducing time. Finally,
for nonuniformly hyperbolic transformations, we obtain the corresponding
estimates for rates of decay of correlations.


title: On Repetitive Scenario Design

abstract:
  Repetitive Scenario Design (RSD) is a randomized approach to robust design
based on iterating two phases: a standard scenario design phase that uses $N$
scenarios (design samples), followed by randomized feasibility phase that uses
$N_o$ test samples on the scenario solution. We give a full and exact
probabilistic characterization of the number of iterations required by the RSD
approach for returning a solution, as a function of $N$, $N_o$, and of the
desired levels of probabilistic robustness in the solution. This novel approach
broadens the applicability of the scenario technology, since the user is now
presented with a clear tradeoff between the number $N$ of design samples and
the ensuing expected number of repetitions required by the RSD algorithm. The
plain (one-shot) scenario design becomes just one of the possibilities, sitting
at one extreme of the tradeoff curve, in which one insists in finding a
solution in a single repetition: this comes at the cost of possibly high $N$.
Other possibilities along the tradeoff curve use lower $N$ values, but possibly
require more than one repetition.


title: The Superposition of Two Identical States: The Empty State

abstract:
  In this paper we define and study a new class of states (the empty states).
These states are the superposition of two identical states (self-superposition
state). We defined three different representations of theses states, namely,
the source, the operator, and the self-superposition representations. Then, we
apply the empty state to an elementary example state and find its three
different representations. We apply the empty state to Fock states and find an
undetermined state. Then, we apply the empty state to the coherent state to
produce the empty state of the coherent state (the EC state), and determine
some of its mathematical, statistical and nonclassical properties.


title:
Depinning and nonequilibrium dynamic phases of particle assemblies
  driven over random and ordered substrates: a review

abstract:
  We review the depinning and nonequilibrium phases of collectively interacting
particle systems driven over random or periodic substrates. This type of system
is relevant to vortices in type-II superconductors, sliding charge density
waves, electron crystals, colloids, stripe and pattern forming systems, and
skyrmions, and could also have connections to jamming, glassy behaviors, and
active matter. These systems are ideal for exploring the broader issues of
characterizing transient and steady state nonequilibrium flow phases as well as
nonequilibrium phase transitions between distinct dynamical phases, analogous
to phase transitions between different equilibrium states. We discuss elastic
and plastic depinning on random substrates and the different types of
nonequilibrium phases that produce features in the velocity-force curves,
fluctuation spectra, scaling relations, and local or global particle ordering.
We describe how these quantities change depending on dimension, anisotropy,
disorder strength, and the presence of hysteresis. Within the moving phase we
discuss transitions from a liquid-like state to dynamically ordered moving
crystal, smectic, or nematic states. Systems with periodic or quasiperiodic
substrates can have multiple nonequilibrium transitions in the moving state
between chaotic and coherent phases, and can exhibit hysteresis. We also
discuss systems with competing repulsive and attractive interactions, which
undergo dynamical transitions into stripes and other complex morphologies when
driven over random substrates. Throughout this work we highlight open issues
and future directions such as absorbing phase transitions, nonequilibrium work
relations, inertia, the role of non-dissipative dynamics such as Magnus
effects, and how these results could be extended to the broader issues of
plasticity in crystals, amorphous solids, and jamming phenomena.


title: Cellular automaton for chimera states

abstract:
  A minimalistic model for chimera states is presented. The model is a cellular
automaton (CA) which depends on only one adjustable parameter, the range of the
nonlocal coupling, and is built from elementary cellular automata and the
majority (voting) rule. This suggests the universality of chimera-like behavior
from a new point of view: Already simple CA rules based on the majority rule
exhibit this behavior. After a short transient, we find chimera states for
arbitrary initial conditions, the system spontaneously splitting into stable
domains separated by static boundaries, ones synchronously oscillating and the
others incoherent. When the coupling range is local, nontrivial coherent
structures with different periodicities are formed.


title: From QCD to Physical Resonances

abstract:
  In this talk, we present the first chiral extrapolation of a resonant
scattering amplitude obtained from lattice QCD. Finite-volume spectra,
determined by the Hadron Spectrum Collaboration at $m_\pi = 236$ MeV, for the
isotriplet $\pi\pi$ channel are analyzed using the L\"uscher method to
determine the infinite-volume scattering amplitude. Unitarized Chiral
Perturbation Theory is then used to extrapolate the scattering amplitude to the
physical light quark masses. The viability of this procedure is demonstrated by
its agreement with the experimentally determined scattering phase shift up to
center-of-mass energies of 1.2 GeV. Finally, we analytically continue the
amplitude to the complex plane to obtain the $\rho$-pole at
$\left[755(2)(1)\left({}^{20}_{02}\right) - \frac{i}{2}
129(3)(1)\left({}^7_1\right)\right]$ MeV.


title:
A multiscale model of distributed fracture and permeability in solids in
  all-round compression

abstract:
  We present a microstructural model of permeability in fractured solids, where
the fractures are described in terms of recursive families of parallel,
equidistant cohesive faults. Faults originate upon the attainment of a tensile
or shear resistance in the undamaged material. Secondary faults may form in a
hierarchical orga- nization, creating a complex network of connected fractures
that modify the permeability of the solid. The undamaged solid may possess
initial porosity and permeability. The particular geometry of the superposed
micro-faults lends itself to an explicit analytical quantification of the
porosity and permeability of the dam- aged material. The approach is
particularly appealing as a means of modeling low permeability oil and gas
reservoirs stimulated by hydraulic fracturing.


title: On 2K2-free graphs - Structural and Combinatorial View

abstract:
  A connected graph is 2K2-free if it does not contain a pair of independent
edges as an induced subgraph. In this paper, we present the structural
characterization of minimal vertex separator and show that there are polynomial
number of minimal vertex separators in 2K2-free graphs. Further, using the
enumeration we show that finding minimum connected vertex separator in 2K2-free
graphs is polynomial time solvable. We highlight that finding minimum connected
vertex separator is NP-complete in Chordality 5 graphs, which is a super graph
class of 2K2-free graphs. Other study includes, enumeration of all distinct
maximal independent sets and testing 2K2-free graphs. Also, we present an
polynomial time algorithm for feedback vertex set problem in the subclass of
2K2-free graphs.


title: Hard exclusive pion leptoproduction

abstract:
  In this talk it is reported on an analysis of hard exclusive leptoproduction
of pions within the handbag approach. It is argued that recent measurements of
this process performed by HERMES and CLAS clearly indicate the occurrence of
strong contributions from transversely polarized photons. Within the handbag
approach such gamma*_T -> pi transitions are described by the transversity GPDs
accompanied by twist-3 pion wave functions. It is shown that the handbag
approach leads to results on cross sections and single-spin asymmetries in fair
agreement with experiment. Predictions for other pseudoscalar meson channels
are also briefly discussed.8 pages


title:
The Shock Dynamics of Heterogeneous YSO Jets: 3-D Simulations Meet
  Multi-Epoch Observations

abstract:
  High resolution observations of Young Stellar Object (YSO) jets show them to
be composed of many small-scale knots or clumps. In this paper we report
results of 3-D numerical simulations designed to study how such clumps interact
and create morphologies and kinematic patterns seen in emission line
observations. Our simulations focus on clump scale dynamics by imposing
velocity differences between spherical, over-dense regions which then lead to
the formation of bow shocks as faster clumps overtake slower material. We show
that much of the spatial structure apparent in emission line images of jets
arises from the dynamics and interactions of these bow shocks. Our simulations
show a variety of time-dependent features, including bright knots associated
with Mach stems where the shocks intersect, a "frothy" emission structure that
arises from the presence of the Non-linear Thin Shell Instability (NTSI) along
the surfaces of the bow shocks, and the merging and fragmentation of clumps.
Our simulations use a new non-equilibrium cooling method to produce synthetic
emission maps in H$\alpha$ and [S II]. These are directly compared with
multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Herbig-Haro (HH) jets.
We find excellent agreement between features seen in the simulations and the
observations in terms of both proper motion and morphologies. Thus we conclude
that YSO jets may be dominated by heterogeneous structures and that
interactions between these structures and the shocks they produce can account
for many details of YSO jet evolution.


title: Local High-order Regularization on Data Manifolds

abstract:
  The common graph Laplacian regularizer is well-established in semi-supervised
learning and spectral dimensionality reduction. However, as a first-order
regularizer, it can lead to degenerate functions in high-dimensional manifolds.
The iterated graph Laplacian enables high-order regularization, but it has a
high computational complexity and so cannot be applied to large problems. We
introduce a new regularizer which is globally high order and so does not suffer
from the degeneracy of the graph Laplacian regularizer, but is also sparse for
efficient computation in semi-supervised learning applications. We reduce
computational complexity by building a local first-order approximation of the
manifold as a surrogate geometry, and construct our high-order regularizer
based on local derivative evaluations therein. Experiments on human body shape
and pose analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.


title: Libert\'e et accumulation

abstract:
  The principle of Batyrev and Manin and its variants gives a precise
conjectural interpretation for the dominant term for the number of points of
bounded height on an algebraic variety for which the opposite of the canonical
line bundle is sufficiently positive. As was clearly shown by the
counter-example of Batyrev and Tschinkel, the implementation of this principle
requires the exclusion of accumulating domains which, are found most of the
time by using an induction procedure on the dimension of the variety. However
this method does not yield a direct characterisation of the points to be
excluded. The aim of this paper is to propose a measure of freedom for rational
points so that the points with sufficiently positive freedom are randomly
distributed on the variety according to a probability measure on the adelic
space introduced by the author in a previous paper. From that point of view the
rational points which are sufficiently free ought be the ones which respect the
principle of Batyrev and Manin.


title: Variational Inference for Sparse and Undirected Models

abstract:
  Undirected graphical models are applied in genomics, protein structure
prediction, and neuroscience to identify sparse interactions that underlie
discrete data. Although Bayesian methods for inference would be favorable in
these contexts, they are rarely used because they require doubly intractable
Monte Carlo sampling. Here, we develop a framework for scalable Bayesian
inference of discrete undirected models based on two new methods. The first is
Persistent VI, an algorithm for variational inference of discrete undirected
models that avoids doubly intractable MCMC and approximations of the partition
function. The second is Fadeout, a reparameterization approach for variational
inference under sparsity-inducing priors that captures a posteriori
correlations between parameters and hyperparameters with noncentered
parameterizations. We find that, together, these methods for variational
inference substantially improve learning of sparse undirected graphical models
in simulated and real problems from physics and biology.

categories: stat.ML cond-mat.dis-nn physics.data-an q-bio.QM


title: Semi-supervised Learning with Explicit Relationship Regularization

abstract:
  In many learning tasks, the structure of the target space of a function holds
rich information about the relationships between evaluations of functions on
different data points. Existing approaches attempt to exploit this relationship
information implicitly by enforcing smoothness on function evaluations only.
However, what happens if we explicitly regularize the relationships between
function evaluations? Inspired by homophily, we regularize based on a smooth
relationship function, either defined from the data or with labels. In
experiments, we demonstrate that this significantly improves the performance of
state-of-the-art algorithms in semi-supervised classification and in spectral
data embedding for constrained clustering and dimensionality reduction.


title:
Consistent interpretation of molecular simulation kinetics using Markov
  state models biased with external information

abstract:
  Molecular simulations can provide microscopic insight into the physical and
chemical driving forces of complex molecular processes. Despite continued
advancement of simulation methodology, model errors may lead to inconsistencies
between simulated and reference (e.g., from experiments or higher-level
simulations) observables. To bound the microscopic information generated by
computer simulations within reference measurements, we propose a method that
reweights the microscopic transitions of the system to improve consistency with
a set of coarse kinetic observables. The method employs the well-developed
Markov state modeling framework to efficiently link microscopic dynamics with
long-time scale constraints, thereby consistently addressing a wide range of
time scales. To emphasize the robustness of the method, we consider two
distinct coarse-grained models with significant kinetic inconsistencies. When
applied to the simulated conformational dynamics of small peptides, the
reweighting procedure systematically improves the time scale separation of the
slowest processes. Additionally, constraining the forward and backward rates
between metastable states leads to slight improvement of their relative
stabilities and, thus, refined equilibrium properties of the resulting model.
Finally, we find that difficulties in simultaneously describing both the
simulated data and the provided constraints can help identify specific
limitations of the underlying simulation approach.


title: Lepton flavor violation with light vector bosons

abstract:
  New sub-GeV vector bosons with couplings to muons but not electrons have been
discussed in order to explain the muon's magnetic moment, the gap of
high-energy neutrinos in IceCube or the proton radius puzzle. If such a light
Z' not only violates lepton universality but also lepton flavor, as expected
for example from the recent hint for $h\to\mu\tau$ at CMS, the two-body decay
mode $\tau \to \mu Z'$ opens up and for $M_{Z'} < 2 m_\mu$ gives better
constraints than $\tau\to 3\mu$ already with 20-year-old ARGUS limits. We
discuss the general prospects and motivation of light vector bosons with
lepton-flavor-violating couplings.


title:
Ground state properties of trapped boson system with finite-range
  Gaussian repulsion: Exact diagonalization study

abstract:
  We use exact diagonalization to study an interacting system of $N$ spinless
bosons with finite-range Gaussian repulsion, confined in a
quasi-two-dimensional harmonic trap with and without an introduced rotation.
The diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix using Davidson algorithm in
subspaces of quantized total angular momentum $L_{z}$ is carried out to obtain
the $N$-body lowest eigenenergy and eigenstate. To bring out the effect of
quantum (Bose) statistics and consequent phase stiffness (rigidity) of the
variationally obtained many-body wavefunction on various physical quantities,
our study spans from few-body ($N=2$) to many-body ($N=16$) systems. Further,
to examine the finite-range effect of the repulsive Gaussian potential on
many-body ground state properties of the Bose-condensate, we obtain the lowest
eigenstate, the critical angular velocity of single vortex state and the
quantum correlation (measured) in terms of von Neumann entanglement entropy and
degree of condensation. It is found that for small values of the range
(measured by the parameter $\sigma$) of Gaussian potential, the ground state
energy increases for few-boson ($2\le N\le 8$) systems but decreases for
many-boson ($N>8$) systems. On the other hand for relatively large values of
the range of Gaussian potential, the ground state energy exhibits a monotonic
decrease, regardless of the number of bosons $N$. For a given $N$, there is
found an optimal value of the range of Gaussian potential for which the first
vortex (with $L_{z}=N$) nucleates at a lower value of the rotational angular
velocity $\Omega_{\bf c1}$ compared to the zero-range ($\delta$-function)
potential. Further, we observe that the inter-particle interaction and the
introduced rotation are competing effects with latter being dominant over the
former.


title: Entanglement Generalization in Coupled Harmonic Oscillators

abstract:
  A general and in principle exact approach for the continuous variable
entanglement in a system of coupled harmonic oscillators in contact with a
thermal bath is formulated. This allows a generalization to describe
entanglement's existence between two sites in any system of this kind. It is
employed a method of simultaneous diagonalization of two quadratic forms to
obtain the uncoupled quantum Hamiltonian. Making use of the transformations
that uncouple the system, the covariance matrix for two positions is
constructed, and through the positive partial transpose criterion
(PPT-criterion), the condition that determines the existence or not of quantum
correlation between the sites is obtained.


title:
Optimal quantitative estimates in stochastic homogenization for elliptic
  equations in nondivergence form

abstract:
  We prove quantitative estimates for the stochastic homogenization of linear
uniformly elliptic equations in nondivergence form. Under strong independence
assumptions on the coefficients, we obtain optimal estimates on the
subquadratic growth of the correctors with stretched exponential-type bounds in
probability. Like the theory of Gloria and Otto \cite{GO1,GO2} for divergence
form equations, the arguments rely on nonlinear concentration inequalities
combined with certain estimates on the Green's functions and derivative bounds
on the correctors. We obtain these analytic estimates by developing a $C^{1,1}$
regularity theory down to microscopic scale, which is of independent interest
and is inspired by the $C^{0,1}$ theory introduced in the divergence form case
by the first author and Smart \cite{AS2}.


title: Enabling Basic Normative HRI in a Cognitive Robotic Architecture

abstract:
  Collaborative human activities are grounded in social and moral norms, which
humans consciously and subconsciously use to guide and constrain their
decision-making and behavior, thereby strengthening their interactions and
preventing emotional and physical harm. This type of norm-based processing is
also critical for robots in many human-robot interaction scenarios (e.g., when
helping elderly and disabled persons in assisted living facilities, or
assisting humans in assembly tasks in factories or even the space station). In
this position paper, we will briefly describe how several components in an
integrated cognitive architecture can be used to implement processes that are
required for normative human-robot interactions, especially in collaborative
tasks where actions and situations could potentially be perceived as
threatening and thus need a change in course of action to mitigate the
perceived threats.


title: Absence of dissipation in trajectory ensembles biased by currents

abstract:
  We consider biased ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations
of currents in equilibrium systems. The biased ensembles are characterised by
non-zero currents and lack the time-reversal symmetry of the equilibrium state,
but we show that they retain a generalised time-reversal symmetry, involving a
spatial transformation that inverts the current. This means that these
ensembles lack dissipation. Hence, they differ significantly from
non-equilibrium steady states where currents are induced by external forces.
One consequence of this result is that maximum entropy assumptions
(MaxEnt/MaxCal), widely used for modelling thermal systems away from
equilibrium, have quite unexpected implications, including apparent superfluid
behaviour in a classical model of shear flow.


title:
Superconducting nanowire single photon detector at 532 nm and
  demonstration in satellite laser ranging

abstract:
  Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) at a wavelength of
532 nm were designed and fabricated aiming to satellite laser ranging (SLR)
applications. The NbN SNSPDs were fabricated on one-dimensional photonic
crystals with a sensitive-area diameter of 42 um. The devices were coupled with
multimode fiber (phi=50um) and exhibited a maximum system detection efficiency
of 75% at an extremely low dark count rate of <0.1 Hz. An SLR experiment using
an SNSPD at a wavelength of 532 nm was successfully demonstrated. The results
showed a depth ranging with a precision of ~8.0 mm for the target satellite
LARES, which is ~3,000 km away from the ground ranging station at the Sheshan
Observatory.


title:
Metal diffusion in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of dwarf
  galaxies

abstract:
  We perform a series of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of
isolated dwarf galaxies to compare different metal mixing models. In
particular, we examine the role of diffusion in the production of enriched
outflows, and in determining the metallicity distributions of gas and stars. We
investigate different diffusion strengths, by changing the pre-factor of the
diffusion coefficient, by varying how the diffusion coefficient is calculated
from the local velocity distribution, and by varying whether the speed of sound
is included as a velocity term. Stronger diffusion produces a tighter
[O/Fe]-[Fe/H] distribution in the gas, and cuts off the gas metallicity
distribution function at lower metallicities. Diffusion suppresses the
formation of low-metallicity stars, even with weak diffusion, and also strips
metals from enriched outflows. This produces a remarkably tight correlation
between "metal mass-loading" (mean metal outflow rate divided by mean metal
production rate) and the strength of diffusion, even when the diffusion
coefficient is calculated in different ways. The effectiveness of outflows at
removing metals from dwarf galaxies and the metal distribution of the gas is
thus dependent on the strength of diffusion. By contrast, we show that the
metallicities of stars are not strongly dependent on the strength of diffusion,
provided that some diffusion is present.


title: Classical Higgs fields

abstract:
  We consider classical gauge theory on a principal bundle P->X in a case of
spontaneous symmetry breaking characterized by the reduction of a structure
group G of P->X to its closed subgroup H. This reduction is ensured by the
existence of global sections of the quotient bundle P/H->X treated as classical
Higgs fields. Matter fields with an exact symmetry group H in such gauge theory
are considered in the pairs with Higgs fields, and they are represented by
sections of a composite bundle Y->P/H->X, where Y->P/H is a fiber bundle
associated to a principal bundle P->P/H with a structure group H. A key point
is that a composite bundle Y->X is proved to be associated to a principal
G-bundle P->X. Therefore, though matter fields possess an exact symmetry group
H, their gauge G-invariant theory in the presence of Higgs fields can be
developed. Its gauge invariant Lagrangian factorizes through the vertical
covariant differential determined by a connection on a principal H-bundle
P->P/H. In a case of the Cartan decomposition of a Lie algebra of G, this
connection can be expressed in terms of a connection on a principal bundle
P->X, i.e., gauge potentials for a group of broken symmetries G.


title: Query By Provenance

abstract:
  To assist non-specialists in formulating database queries, multiple
frameworks that automatically infer queries from a set of examples have been
proposed. While highly useful, a shortcoming of the approach is that if users
can only provide a small set of examples, many inherently different queries may
qualify, and only some of these actually match the user intentions. Our main
observation is that if users further explain their examples, the set of
qualifying queries may be significantly more focused. We develop a novel
framework where users explain example tuples by choosing input tuples that are
intuitively the "cause" for their examples. Their explanations are
automatically "compiled" into a formal model for explanations, based on
previously developed models of data provenance. Then, our novel algorithms
infer conjunctive queries from the examples and their explanations. We prove
the computational efficiency of the algorithms and favorable properties of
inferred queries. We have further implemented our solution in a system
prototype with an interface that assists users in formulating explanations in
an intuitive way. Our experimental results, including a user study as well as
experiments using the TPC-H benchmark, indicate the effectiveness of our
solution.


title:
Growth control of oxygen stoichiometry in homoepitaxial SrTiO3 films by
  pulsed laser epitaxy in high vacuum

abstract:
  In many transition metal oxides (TMOs), oxygen stoichiometry is one of the
most critical parameters that plays a key role in determining the structural,
physical, optical, and electrochemical properties of the material. However,
controlling the growth to obtain high quality single crystal films having the
right oxygen stoichiometry, especially in a high vacuum environment, has been
viewed as a challenge. In this work, we show that through proper control of the
plume kinetic energy, stoichiometric crystalline films can be synthesized
without generating oxygen defects, even in high vacuum. We use a model
homoepitaxial system of SrTiO3 (STO) thin films on single crystal STO
substrates. Physical property measurements indicate that oxygen vacancy
generation in high vacuum is strongly influenced by the energetics of the laser
plume, and it can be controlled by proper laser beam delivery. Therefore, our
finding not only provides essential insight into oxygen stoichiometry control
in high vacuum for understanding the fundamental properties of STO-based thin
films and heterostructures, but expands the utility of pulsed laser epitaxy of
other materials as well.


title:
Analysis of Flows Inside Quiescent Prominences as Captured by
  Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope

abstract:
  Developing an understanding of how magnetic fields can become entangled in a
prominence is important for predicting a possible eruption. This work
investigates the kinetic energy and vorticity associated with plasma motion
residing inside quiescent prominences (QPs). These plasma flow characteristics
can be utilized to improve our understanding of how the prominence maintains a
stable magnetic field configuration. Three different contrast-enhanced solar
prominence observations from Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope were used to
construct velocity maps -- in the plane of the sky -- via a Fourier local
correlation tracking program. The resulting velocities were then used to
perform the first ever analysis of the two-dimensional kinetic energy and
enstrophy spectra of a prominence. Enstrophy is introduced here as a means of
quantifying the vorticity that has been observed in many QPs. The kinetic
energy power spectral density (PSD) produced indices ranging from -1.00 to
-1.60. There was a consistent anisotropy in the kinetic energy spectrum of all
three prominences examined. Examination of the intensity PSD reveals that a
different scaling relationship exists between the observed prominence structure
and velocity maps. All of the prominences exhibited an inertial range of at
least $0.8 \leq k\leq 2.0\; \textrm{rads} \: \textrm{Mm}^{-1}$. Quasi-periodic
oscillations were also detected in the centroid of the velocity distributions
for one prominence. Additionally, a lower limit was placed on the kinetic
energy density ($\epsilon \, \sim 0.22-7.04\: \mathrm{km}^{2}\textrm{s}^{-2}$)
and enstrophy density ($\omega \, \sim 1.43-13.69\: \times 10^{-16} \,
\textrm{s}^{-2}$) associated with each prominence.


title:
A Critical Connectivity Radius for Segmenting Randomly-Generated, High
  Dimensional Data Points

abstract:
  Motivated by a $2$-dimensional (unsupervised) image segmentation task whereby
local regions of pixels are clustered via edge detection methods, a more
general probabilistic mathematical framework is devised. Critical thresholds
are calculated that indicate strong correlation between randomly-generated,
high dimensional data points that have been projected into structures in a
partition of a bounded, $2$-dimensional area, of which, an image is a special
case. A neighbor concept for structures in the partition is defined and a
critical radius is uncovered. Measured from a central structure in localized
regions of the partition, the radius indicates strong, long and short range
correlation in the count of occupied structures. The size of a short interval
of radii is estimated upon which the transition from short-to-long range
correlation is virtually assured, which defines a demarcation of when an image
ceases to be "interesting".


title: Multiscale analysis of 1-rectifiable measures II: characterizations

abstract:
  A measure is 1-rectifiable if there is a countable union of finite length
curves whose complement has zero measure. We characterize 1-rectifiable Radon
measures $\mu$ in $n$-dimensional Euclidean space for all $n\geq 2$ in terms of
positivity of the lower density and finiteness of a geometric square function,
which loosely speaking, records in an $L^2$ gauge the extent to which $\mu$
admits approximate tangent lines, or has rapidly growing density ratios, along
its support. In contrast with the classical theorems of Besicovitch, Morse and
Randolph, and Moore, we do not assume an a priori relationship between $\mu$
and 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure. We also characterize purely
1-unrectifiable Radon measures, i.e. locally finite measures that give measure
zero to every finite length curve. Characterizations of this form were
originally conjectured to exist by P. Jones. Along the way, we develop an $L^2$
variant of P. Jones' traveling salesman construction, which is of independent
interest.


title: Note on Zero Temperature Holographic Superfluids

abstract:
  In this note, we have addressed various issues on zero temperature
holographic superfluids. First, inspired by our numerical evidence for the
equality between the superfluid density and particle density, we provide an
elegant analytic proof for this equality by a boost trick. Second, using not
only the frequency domain analysis but also the time domain analysis from
numerical relativity, we identify the hydrodynamic normal modes and calculate
out the sound speed, which is shown to increase with the chemical potential and
saturate to the value predicted by the conformal field theory in the large
chemical potential limit. Third, the generic non-thermalization is demonstrated
by the fully non-linear time evolution from a non-equilibrium state for our
zero temperature holographic superfluid. Furthermore, a conserved Noether
charge is proposed in support of this behavior.


title: SL(n,C)- Representation spaces of Knot Groups

abstract:
  The first part of this article is a general introduction to the the theory of
representation spaces of discrete groups into SL(n,C). Special attention is
paid to knot groups. In Section 2 we discuss the difference between the tangent
space at the representation variety, and the representation scheme. We give an
example of Lubotzky and Magid of a non scheme reduced representation (see
Example 2.18). In the second part recent results about the representation and
character varieties of knot groups into SL(n,C) with n $\ge$ 3 are presented.
This second part concerns mostly joint work with L. Ben Abdelghani, O.
Medjerab, V. Mu{\~n}os and J. Porti.


title: BEST sensitivity to O(1) eV sterile neutrino

abstract:
  Numerous anomalous results in neutrino oscillation experiments can be
attributed to interference of ~1 eV sterile neutrino. The specially designed to
fully explore the Gallium anomaly Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions
(BEST) starts next year. We investigate the sensitivity of BEST in searches for
sterile neutrino mixed with electron neutrino. Then, performing the combined
analysis of all the Gallium experiments (SAGE, GALLEX, BEST) we find the
regions in model parameter space (sterile neutrino mass and mixing angle),
which will be excluded if BEST agrees with no sterile neutrino hypothesis. For
the opposite case, if BEST observes the signal as it follows from the sterile
neutrino explanation of the Gallium (SAGE and GALLEX) anomaly, we show how BEST
will improve upon the present estimates of the model parameters.


title:
Generalized guidance equation for peaked quantum solitons and effective
  gravity

abstract:
  Bouncing oil droplets have been shown to follow de Broglie-Bohm like
trajectories and at the same time they exhibit attractive and repulsive
pseudo-gravitation. We propose a model aimed at rendering account of these
phenomenological observations. It inspires, in a more speculative approach, a
toy model for quantum gravity.


title: Community Recovery in Graphs with Locality

abstract:
  Motivated by applications in domains such as social networks and
computational biology, we study the problem of community recovery in graphs
with locality. In this problem, pairwise noisy measurements of whether two
nodes are in the same community or different communities come mainly or
exclusively from nearby nodes rather than uniformly sampled between all nodes
pairs, as in most existing models. We present an algorithm that runs nearly
linearly in the number of measurements and which achieves the information
theoretic limit for exact recovery.

categories: cs.IT cs.LG cs.SI math.IT math.ST q-bio.GN stat.TH


title:
Limits of Riemannian 4-manifolds and the symplectic geometry of their
  twistor spaces

abstract:
  The twistor space of a Riemannian 4-manifold carries two almost complex
structures, $J_+$ and $J_-$, and a natural closed 2-form $\omega$. This article
studies limits of manifolds for which $\omega$ tames either $J_+$ or $J_-$.
This amounts to a curvature inequality involving self-dual Weyl curvature and
Ricci curvature, and which is satisfied, for example, by all anti-self-dual
Einstein manifolds with non-zero scalar curvature. We prove that if a sequence
of manifolds satisfying the curvature inequality converges to a hyperk\"ahler
limit X (in the $C^2$ pointed topology) then X cannot contain a holomorphic
2-sphere (for any of its hyperk\"ahler complex structures). In particular, this
rules out the formation of bubbles modelled on ALE gravitational instantons in
such families of metrics.


title:
Negative differential thermal conductance and heat amplification in
  superconducting hybrid devices

abstract:
  We investigate the thermal transport properties of a temperature-biased
Josephson tunnel junction composed of two different superconductors. We show
that this simple system can provide a large negative differential thermal
conductance (NDTC) with a peak-to-valley ratio of $\sim 3$ in the transmitted
electronic heat current. The NDTC is then exploited to outline the caloritronic
analogue of the tunnel diode, which can exhibit a modulation of the output
temperature as large as 80 mK at a bath temperature of 50 mK. Moreover, this
device may work in a regime of thermal hysteresis that can be used to store
information as a thermal memory. On the other hand, the NDTC effect offers the
opportunity to conceive two different designs of a thermal transistor, which
might operate as a thermal switch or as an amplifier/modulator. The latter
shows a heat amplification factor $>1$ in a 500-mK-wide working region of the
gate temperature. After the successful realization of heat interferometers and
thermal diodes, this kind of structures would complete the conversion of the
most important electronic devices in their thermal counterparts, breaking
ground for coherent caloritronics nanocircuits where heat currents can be
manipulated at will.


title:
Rapid and Bright Stellar-mass Binary Black Hole Mergers in Active
  Galactic Nuclei

abstract:
  The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, LIGO, found direct
evidence for double black hole binaries emitting gravitational waves. Galactic
nuclei are expected to harbor the densest population of stellar-mass black
holes. A significant fraction ($\sim30\%$) of these black holes can reside in
binaries. We examine the fate of the black hole binaries in active galactic
nuclei, which get trapped in the inner region of the accretion disk around the
central supermassive black hole. We show that binary black holes can migrate
into and then rapidly merge within the disk well within a Salpeter time. The
binaries may also accrete a significant amount of gas from the disk, well above
the Eddington rate. This could lead to detectable X-ray or gamma-ray emission,
but would require hyper-Eddington accretion with a few percent radiative
efficiency, comparable to thin disks. We discuss implications for gravitational
wave observations and black hole population studies. We estimate that Advanced
LIGO may detect $\sim20$ such, gas-induced binary mergers per year.


title:
Improved empirical parametrizations of the $\gamma^\ast N \to
  \Delta(1232)$ and $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1520)$ helicity amplitudes and the
  Siegert's theorem

abstract:
  In the nucleon electroexcitation reactions, $\gamma^\ast N \to R$, where $R$
is a nucleon resonance ($N^\ast$), the electric amplitude $E$, and the
longitudinal amplitude $S_{1/2}$, are related by $E \propto \frac{\omega}{|{\bf
q}|}S_{1/2}$, at the pseudo-threshold limit ($|{\bf q}| \to 0$), where $\omega$
and $|{\bf q}|$ are respectively the energy and the magnitude of three-momentum
of the photon. The previous relation is usually refereed as the Siegert's
theorem. The form of the electric amplitude, defined in terms of the transverse
amplitudes $A_{1/2}$ and $A_{3/2}$, and the explicit coefficients of the
relation, depend on the angular momentum and parity ($J^P$) of the resonance
$R$. The Siegert's theorem is the consequence of the structure of the
electromagnetic transition current, which induces constraints between the
electromagnetic form factors in the pseudo-threshold limit. In the present
work, we study the implications of the Siegert's theorem for the $\gamma^\ast N
\to \Delta(1232)$ and $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1520)$ transitions. For the
$\gamma^\ast N \to N(1520)$ transition, in addition to the relation between
electric amplitude and longitudinal amplitude, we obtain also a relation
between the two transverse amplitudes: $A_{1/2}= A_{3/2} /\sqrt{3}$, at the
pseudo-threshold. % The constraints at the pseudo-threshold are tested for the
MAID2007 parametrizations of the reactions under discussion. New
parametrizations for the amplitudes $A_{1/2}$, $A_{3/2}$ and $S_{1/2}$, for the
$\gamma^\ast N \to \Delta(1232)$ and $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1520)$ transitions,
valid for small and large $Q^2$, are proposed. The new parametrizations are
consistent with both: the pseudo-threshold constraints (Siegert's theorem) and
the empirical data.


title:
XY Antiferromagnetic Ground State in the Effective S=1/2 Pyrochlore
  Yb2Ge2O7

abstract:
  We report neutron scattering and muon spin relaxation measurements (muSR) on
the pyrochlore antiferromagnet Yb2Ge2O7. Inelastic neutron scattering was used
to probe the transitions between crystal electric field levels, allowing us to
determine the eigenvalues and eigenvectors appropriate to the J=7/2 Yb3+ ion in
this environment. The crystal electric field ground state doublet in Yb2Ge2O7
corresponds primarily to m_J = +/- 1/2 with local XY anisotropy, consistent
with an S_eff = 1/2 description for the Yb moments. muSR measurements reveal
the presence of an ordering transition at T_N = 0.57 K with persistent weak
dynamics in the ordered state. Finally, we present neutron diffraction
measurements that reveal a clear phase transition to the k = (000) Gamma_5
ground state with an ordered magnetic moment of 0.3(1) mu_B per Yb ion. We
compare and contrast this phenomenology with the low temperature behavior of
Yb2Ti2O7 and Er2Ti2O7, the prototypical S_eff = 1/2 XY pyrochlore magnets.


title: Climate Change Research in View of Bibliometrics

abstract:
  This bibliometric study of a large publication set dealing with research on
climate change aims at mapping the relevant literature from a bibliometric
perspective and presents a multitude of quantitative data: (1) The growth of
the overall publication output as well as (2) of some major subfields, (3) the
contributing journals and countries as well as their citation impact, and (4) a
title word analysis aiming to illustrate the time evolution and relative
importance of specific research topics. The study is based on 222,060 papers
published between 1980 and 2014. The total number of papers shows a strong
increase with a doubling every 5-6 years. Continental biomass related research
is the major subfield, closely followed by climate modeling. Research dealing
with adaptation, mitigation, risks, and vulnerability of global warming is
comparatively small, but their share of papers increased exponentially since
2005. Research on vulnerability and on adaptation published the largest
proportion of very important papers. Research on climate change is
quantitatively dominated by the USA, followed by the UK, Germany, and Canada.
The citation-based indicators exhibit consistently that the UK has produced the
largest proportion of high impact papers compared to the other countries
(having published more than 10,000 papers). The title word analysis shows that
the term climate change comes forward with time. Furthermore, the term impact
arises and points to research dealing with the various effects of climate
change. Finally, the term model and related terms prominently appear
independent of time, indicating the high relevance of climate modeling.


title: Automated Selection of Active Orbital Spaces

abstract:
  One of the key challenges of quantum-chemical multi-configuration methods is
the necessity to manually select orbitals for the active space. This selection
requires both expertise and experience and can therefore impose severe
limitations on the applicability of this most general class of ab initio
methods. A poor choice of the active orbital space may yield even qualitatively
wrong results. This is obviously a severe problem, especially for wave function
methods that are designed to be systematically improvable. Here, we show how
the iterative nature of the density matrix renormalization group combined with
its capability to include up to about one hundred orbitals in the active space
can be exploited for a systematic assessment and selection of active orbitals.
These benefits allow us to implement an automated approach for active orbital
space selection, which can turn multi-configuration models into black box
approaches.


title: Intertwinings and Generalized Brascamp-Lieb Inequalities

abstract:
  We continue our investigation of the intertwining relations for Markov
semigroups and extend the results of [9] to multi-dimensional diffusions. In
particular these formulae entail new functional inequalities of Brascamp-Lieb
type for log-concave distributions and beyond. Our results are illustrated by
some classical and less classical examples.


title: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

abstract:
  On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser
Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a
transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency
from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of $1.0 \times
10^{-21}$. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the
inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting
single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter
signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1
event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1
{\sigma}. The source lies at a luminosity distance of $410^{+160}_{-180}$ Mpc
corresponding to a redshift $z = 0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$. In the source frame,
the initial black hole masses are $36^{+5}_{-4} M_\odot$ and $29^{+4}_{-4}
M_\odot$, and the final black hole mass is $62^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot$, with
$3.0^{+0.5}_{-0.5} M_\odot c^2$ radiated in gravitational waves. All
uncertainties define 90% credible intervals.These observations demonstrate the
existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct
detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black
hole merger.


title: GW150914: The Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of First Discoveries

abstract:
  Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser
Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) held their first
observation run between September 2015 and January 2016. With a strain
sensitivity of $10^{-23}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ at 100 Hz, the product of
observable volume and measurement time exceeded that of all previous runs
within the first 16 days of coincident observation. On September 14th, 2015 the
Advanced LIGO detectors observed a transient gravitational-wave signal
determined to be the coalescence of two black holes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116,
061102 (2016)], launching the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. The event,
GW150914, was observed with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 24 in
coincidence by the two detectors. Here we present the main features of the
detectors that enabled this observation. At full sensitivity, the Advanced LIGO
detectors are designed to deliver another factor of three improvement in the
signal-to-noise ratio for binary black hole systems similar in masses to
GW150914.


title:
GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole
  coalescence with Advanced LIGO

abstract:
  On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser
Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) simultaneously observed
the binary black hole merger GW150914. We report the results of a
matched-filter search using relativistic models of compact-object binaries that
recovered GW150914 as the most significant event during the coincident
observations between the two LIGO detectors from September 12 to October 20,
2015. GW150914 was observed with a matched filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24
and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years,
equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1 {\sigma}.


title: Properties of the Binary Black Hole Merger GW150914

abstract:
  On September 14, 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave
Observatory (LIGO) detected a gravitational-wave transient (GW150914); we
characterize the properties of the source and its parameters. The data around
the time of the event were analyzed coherently across the LIGO network using a
suite of accurate waveform models that describe gravitational waves from a
compact binary system in general relativity. GW150914 was produced by a nearly
equal mass binary black hole of $36^{+5}_{-4} M_\odot$ and $29^{+4}_{-4}
M_\odot$; for each parameter we report the median value and the range of the
90% credible interval. The dimensionless spin magnitude of the more massive
black hole is bound to be $<0.7$ (at 90% probability). The luminosity distance
to the source is $410^{+160}_{-180}$ Mpc, corresponding to a redshift
$0.09^{+0.03}_{-0.04}$ assuming standard cosmology. The source location is
constrained to an annulus section of $610$ deg$^2$, primarily in the southern
hemisphere. The binary merges into a black hole of $62^{+4}_{-4} M_\odot$ and
spin $0.67^{+0.05}_{-0.07}$. This black hole is significantly more massive than
any other inferred from electromagnetic observations in the stellar-mass
regime.


title: Tests of general relativity with GW150914

abstract:
  The LIGO detection of GW150914 provides an unprecedented opportunity to study
the two-body motion of a compact-object binary in the large velocity, highly
nonlinear regime, and to witness the final merger of the binary and the
excitation of uniquely relativistic modes of the gravitational field. We carry
out several investigations to determine whether GW150914 is consistent with a
binary black-hole merger in general relativity. We find that the final
remnant's mass and spin, as determined from the low-frequency (inspiral) and
high-frequency (post-inspiral) phases of the signal, are mutually consistent
with the binary black-hole solution in general relativity. Furthermore, the
data following the peak of GW150914 are consistent with the least-damped
quasi-normal mode inferred from the mass and spin of the remnant black hole. By
using waveform models that allow for parameterized general-relativity
violations during the inspiral and merger phases, we perform quantitative tests
on the gravitational-wave phase in the dynamical regime and we determine the
first empirical bounds on several high-order post-Newtonian coefficients. We
constrain the graviton Compton wavelength, assuming that gravitons are
dispersed in vacuum in the same way as particles with mass, obtaining a
$90\%$-confidence lower bound of $10^{13}$ km. In conclusion, within our
statistical uncertainties, we find no evidence for violations of general
relativity in the genuinely strong-field regime of gravity.