title:
Formation and X-ray Emission from Hot Bubbles in Planetary Nebulae. II.
  Hot bubble X-ray emission

abstract:
  We present a study of the X-ray emission from numerical simulations of hot
bubbles in planetary nebulae (PNe). High-resolution, two-dimensional,
radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the formation and evolution of hot
bubbles in PNe, with and without thermal conduction, are used to calculate the
X-ray emission and study its time-dependence and relationship to the changing
stellar parameters. Instabilities in the wind-wind interaction zone produce
clumps and filaments in the swept-up shell of nebular material. Turbulent
mixing and thermal conduction at the corrugated interface can produce
quantities of intermediate temperature and density gas between the hot, shocked
wind bubble and the swept-up photoionized nebular material, which can emit in
soft, diffuse X-rays. We use the CHIANTI software to compute synthetic spectra
for the models and calculate their luminosities. We find that models both with
conduction and those without can produce the X-ray temperatures and
luminosities that are in the ranges reported in observations, although the
models including thermal conduction are an order of magnitude more luminous
than those without. Our results show that at early times the diffuse X-ray
emission should be dominated by the contribution from the hot, shocked stellar
wind, whereas at later times the nebular gas will dominate the spectrum. We
analyse the effect of sampling on the resultant spectra and conclude that a
minimum of 200 counts is required to reliably reproduce the spectral shape.
Likewise, heavily smoothed surface-brightness profiles obtained from low-count
detections of PNe do not provide a reliable description of the spatial
distribution of the X-ray emitting gas.


title: Definability Aspects of the Denjoy Integral

abstract:
  The Denjoy integral is an integral that extends the Lebesgue integral and can
integrate any derivative. In this paper, it is shown that the graph of the
indefinite Denjoy integral $f\mapsto \int_a^x f$ is a coanalytic non-Borel
relation on the product space $M[a,b]\times C[a,b]$, where $M[a,b]$ is the
Polish space of real-valued measurable functions on $[a,b]$ and where $C[a,b]$
is the Polish space of real-valued continuous functions on $[a,b]$. Using the
same methods, it is also shown that the class of indefinite Denjoy integrals,
called $ACG_{\ast}[a,b]$, is a coanalytic but not Borel subclass of the space
$C[a,b]$, thus answering a question posed by Dougherty and Kechris. Some basic
model theory of the associated spaces of integrable functions is also studied.
Here the main result is that, when viewed as an $\mathbb{R}[X]$-module with the
indeterminate $X$ being interpreted as the indefinite integral, the space of
continuous functions on the interval $[a,b]$ is elementarily equivalent to the
Lebesgue-integrable and Denjoy-integrable functions on this interval, and each
is stable but not superstable, and that they all have a common decidable theory
when viewed as $\mathbb{Q}[X]$-modules.


title:
Lower Bounds on Words Separation: Are There Short Identities in
  Transformation Semigroups?

abstract:
  The words separation problem, originally formulated by Goralcik and Koubek
(1986), is stated as follows. Let $Sep(n)$ be the minimum number such that for
any two words of length $\le n$ there is a deterministic finite automaton with
$Sep(n)$ states, accepting exactly one of them. The problem is to find the
asymptotics of the function $Sep$. This problem is inverse to finding the
asymptotics of the length of the shortest identity in full transformation
semigroups $T_k$. The known lower bound on $Sep$ stems from the unary identity
in $T_k$. We find the first series of identities in $T_k$ which are shorter
than the corresponding unary identity for infinitely many values of $k$, and
thus slightly improve the lower bound on $Sep(n)$. Then we present some short
positive identities in symmetric groups, improving the lower bound on
separating words by permutational automata by a multiplicative constant.
Finally, we present the results of computer search for short identities for
small $k$.


title:
Flavor versus mass eigenstates in neutrino asymmetries: implications for
  cosmology

abstract:
  We show that, if they exist, lepton number asymmetries ($L_\alpha$) of
neutrino flavors should be distinguished from the ones ($L_i$) of mass
eigenstates, since Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) bounds on the flavor
eigenstates cannot be directly applied to the mass eigenstates. Similarly,
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) constraints on mass eigenstates do not
directly constrain flavor asymmetries. Due to the difference of mass and flavor
eigenstates, the cosmological constraint on the asymmetries of neutrino flavors
can be much stronger than conventional expectation, but not uniquely determined
unless at least the asymmetry of the heaviest neutrino is well constrained.
Cosmological constraint on $L_i$ for a specific case is presented as an
illustration.


title:
Dynamic UAV-based traffic monitoring under uncertainty as a stochastic
  arc-inventory routing policy

abstract:
  Given the rapid advances in unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, and
increasing need to monitor traffic at a city level, one of the current research
gaps is how to systematically deploy drones over multiple periods. We propose a
real-time data-driven approach: we formulate the first deterministic
arc-inventory routing problem and derive its stochastic dynamic policy. The
policy is expected to be of greatest value in scenarios where uncertainty is
highest and costliest, such as city traffic monitoring during major events. The
Bellman equation for an approximation of the proposed inventory routing policy
is formulated as a selective vehicle routing problem. We propose an approximate
dynamic programming algorithm based on Least Squares Monte Carlo simulation to
find that policy. The algorithm has been modified so that the least squares
dependent variable is defined to be the "expected stock out cost upon the next
replenishment". The new algorithm is tested on 30 simulated instances of real
time trajectories over 5 time periods of the selective VRP to evaluate the
proposed policy and algorithm. Computational results on the selected instances
show that the algorithm can outperform the myopic policy by 23% to 28% over
those tests, depending on the parametric design. Further tests are conducted on
classic benchmark arc routing problem instances. The 11-link instance gdb19 is
expanded into a sequential 15-period stochastic dynamic example and used to
demonstrate why a naive static multi-period deployment plan would not be
effective in real networks.


title: First Gap Statistics of Long Random Walks with Bounded Jumps

abstract:
  We study one-dimensional discrete as well as continuous time random walks,
either with a fixed number of steps (for discrete time) $n$ or on a fixed time
interval $T$ (for continuous time). In both cases, we focus on symmetric
probability distribution functions (PDF) of jumps with a finite support
$[-g_{max}, g_{max}]$. For continuous time random walks (CTRWs), the waiting
time $\tau$ between two consecutive jumps is a random variable whose
probability distribution (PDF) has a power law tail $\Psi(\tau) \propto
\tau^{-1-\gamma}$, with $0<\gamma<1$. We obtain exact results for the joint
statistics of the gap between the first two maximal positions of the random
walk and the time elapsed between them. We show that for large $n$ (or large
time $T$ for CTRW), this joint PDF reaches a stationary joint distribution
which exhibits an interesting concentration effect in the sense that a gap
close to its maximum possible value, $g\approx g_{max}$, is much more likely to
be achieved by two successive jumps rather than by a long walk between the
first two maxima. Our numerical simulations confirm this concentration effect.

categories: cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn math-ph math.MP math.PR


title:
Parity-doublet representation of Majorana fermions and neutron
  oscillation

abstract:
  We present a parity-doublet theorem for the representation of the intrinsic
parity of Majorana fermions, which is expected to be useful also in condensed
matter physics, and it is illustrated to provide a criterion of
neutron-antineutron oscillation in a BCS-like effective theory with $\Delta
B=2$ baryon number violating terms. The CP violation in the present effective
theory causes no direct CP violating effects in the oscillation itself, which
is demonstrated by the exact solution, although it influences the neutron
electric dipole moment in the leading order of small $\Delta B=2$ parameters.
An analogue of Bogoliubov transformation, which preserves P and CP, is crucial
in the analysis.

categories: hep-ph cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con hep-th


title: On the Similarities Between Native, Non-native and Translated Texts

abstract:
  We present a computational analysis of three language varieties: native,
advanced non-native, and translation. Our goal is to investigate the
similarities and differences between non-native language productions and
translations, contrasting both with native language. Using a collection of
computational methods we establish three main results: (1) the three types of
texts are easily distinguishable; (2) non-native language and translations are
closer to each other than each of them is to native language; and (3) some of
these characteristics depend on the source or native language, while others do
not, reflecting, perhaps, unified principles that similarly affect translations
and non-native language.


title: Unsupervised Identification of Translationese

abstract:
  Translated texts are distinctively different from original ones, to the
extent that supervised text classification methods can distinguish between them
with high accuracy. These differences were proven useful for statistical
machine translation. However, it has been suggested that the accuracy of
translation detection deteriorates when the classifier is evaluated outside the
domain it was trained on. We show that this is indeed the case, in a variety of
evaluation scenarios. We then show that unsupervised classification is highly
accurate on this task. We suggest a method for determining the correct labels
of the clustering outcomes, and then use the labels for voting, improving the
accuracy even further. Moreover, we suggest a simple method for clustering in
the challenging case of mixed-domain datasets, in spite of the dominance of
domain-related features over translation-related ones. The result is an
effective, fully-unsupervised method for distinguishing between original and
translated texts that can be applied to new domains with reasonable accuracy.


title: Steady-state properties of a thermodynamically unbalanced Fermi gas

abstract:
  The current-carrying steady-state that arises in the middle of a metallic
wire connected to macroscopic leads is characterized regarding its response
functions, correlations and entanglement entropy. The spectral function and the
dynamical structure factor show clear non-equilibrium signatures accessible by
state-of-the-art techniques. In contrast with the equilibrium case, the
entanglement entropy is extensive with logarithmic corrections at
zero-temperature that depend on the wire-leads coupling and, in a non-analytic
way, on voltage. This shows that some robust universal quantities found in
gapless equilibrium phases do not persist away from equilibrium.

categories: cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mes-hall cond-mat.other quant-ph


title:
Multiplex lexical networks reveal patterns in early word acquisition in
  children

abstract:
  Network models of language have provided a way of linking cognitive processes
to the structure and connectivity of language. However, one shortcoming of
current approaches is focusing on only one type of linguistic relationship at a
time, missing the complex multi-relational nature of language. In this work, we
overcome this limitation by modelling the mental lexicon of English-speaking
toddlers as a multiplex lexical network, i.e. a multi-layered network where
N=529 words/nodes are connected according to four types of relationships: (i)
free associations, (ii) feature sharing, (iii) co-occurrence, and (iv)
phonological similarity. We provide analysis of the topology of the resulting
multiplex and then proceed to evaluate single layers as well as the full
multiplex structure on their ability to predict empirically observed age of
acquisition data of English speaking toddlers. We find that the emerging
multiplex network topology is an important proxy of the cognitive processes of
acquisition, capable of capturing emergent lexicon structure. In fact, we show
that the multiplex topology is fundamentally more powerful than individual
layers in predicting the ordering with which words are acquired. Furthermore,
multiplex analysis allows for a quantification of distinct phases of lexical
acquisition in early learners: while initially all the multiplex layers
contribute to word learning, after about month 23 free associations take the
lead in driving word acquisition.

categories: physics.soc-ph cond-mat.dis-nn cs.CL cs.LG


title: Gauge-field-assisted Kekul\'e quantum criticality

abstract:
  We study the quantum phase transition of $U(1)$ - charged Dirac fermions
Yukawa-coupled to the Kekul\'e valence bond solid order parameter with $Z_3$
symmetry of the honeycomb lattice. The symmetry allows for the presence of the
term in the action which is cubic in the Kekul\'e order parameter, and which is
expected to prevent the quantum phase transition in question from being
continuous. The Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theory for the transition is investigated
using a perturbative renormalization group and within the $\epsilon$ expansion
close to four space-time dimensions. For a vanishing $U(1)$ charge we show that
quantum fluctuations may render the phase transition continuous only
sufficiently far away from 3+1 dimensions, where the validity of the
conclusions based on the leading order $\epsilon$ expansion appear
questionable. In the presence of a fluctuating gauge field, on the other hand,
we find quantum critical behavior even at weak coupling to appear close to 3+1
dimensions, that is, within the domain of validity of the perturbation theory.
We also determine the renormalization group scaling of the cubic coupling at
higher-loop orders and for a large number of Dirac fermions for vanishing
charge.


title: Clusters as benchmarks for measuring fundamental stellar parameters

abstract:
  In this contribution I will discuss fundamental stellar parameters as
determined from young star clusters; specifically those with ages less than or
approximately equal to that of the Pleiades. I will focus primarily on the use
of stellar evolutionary models to determine the ages and masses of stars, as
well as discuss the limitations of such models using a combination of both
young clusters and eclipsing binary systems. In addition, I will also highlight
a few interesting recent results from large on-going spectroscopic surveys
(specifically Gaia-ESO and APOGEE/IN-SYNC) which are continuing to challenge
our understanding of the formation and early evolutionary stages of young
clusters.


title: The Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): Fifth Data Release

abstract:
  Data Release 5 (DR5) of the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is the fifth
data release from a magnitude-limited (9< I < 12) survey of stars randomly
selected in the southern hemisphere. The RAVE medium-resolution spectra
($R\sim7500$) covering the Ca-triplet region (8410-8795\AA) span the complete
time frame from the start of RAVE observations in 2003 to their completion in
2013. Radial velocities from 520,781 spectra of 457,588 unique stars are
presented, of which 255,922 stellar observations have parallaxes and proper
motions from the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution (TGAS) in Gaia DR1. For our
main DR5 catalog, stellar parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity,
and overall metallicity) are computed using the RAVE DR4 stellar pipeline, but
calibrated using recent K2 Campaign 1 seismic gravities and Gaia benchmark
stars, as well as results obtained from high-resolution studies. Also included
are temperatures from the Infrared Flux Method, and we provide a catalogue of
red giant stars in the dereddened color $(J-Ks)_0$ interval (0.50,0.85) for
which the gravities were calibrated based only on seismology. Further data
products for sub-samples of the RAVE stars include individual abundances for
Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Ni, and distances found using isochrones. Each RAVE
spectrum is complemented by an error spectrum, which has been used to determine
uncertainties on the parameters. The data can be accessed via the RAVE Web site
or the Vizier database.


title: Network Inference from Grouped Data

abstract:
  In medical research, economics, and the social sciences data frequently
appear as subsets of a set of objects. Over the past century a number of
descriptive statistics have been developed to construct network structure from
such data. However, these measures lack a generating mechanism that links the
inferred network structure to the observed groups. To address this issue, we
propose a model-based approach called the Hub Model which assumes that every
observed group has a leader and that the leader has brought together the other
members of the group. The performance of Hub Models is demonstrated by
simulation studies. We apply this model to infer the relationships among
Senators serving in the 110th United States Congress, the characters in a
famous 18th century Chinese novel, and the distribution of flora in North
America.


title:
Collective motion of groups of self-propelled particles following
  interacting leaders

abstract:
  In order to keep their cohesiveness during locomotion gregarious animals must
make collective decisions. Many species boast complex societies with multiple
levels of communities. A common case is when two dominant levels exist, one
corresponding to leaders and the other consisting of followers. In this paper
we study the collective motion of such two-level assemblies of self-propelled
particles. We present a model adapted from one originally proposed to describe
the movement of cells resulting in a smoothly varying coherent motion. We shall
use the terminology corresponding to large groups of some mammals where leaders
and followers form a group called a harem. We study the emergence
(self-organization) of sub-groups within a herd during locomotion by computer
simulations. The resulting processes are compared with our prior observations
of a Przewalski horse herd (Hortob\'agy, Hungary) which we use as results from
a published case study. We find that the model reproduces key features of a
herd composed of harems moving on open ground, including fights for followers
between leaders and bachelor groups (group of leaders without followers). One
of our findings, however, does not agree with the observations. While in our
model the emerging group size distribution is normal, the group size
distribution of the observed herd based on historical data have been found to
follow lognormal distribution. We argue that this indicates that the formation
(and the size) of the harems must involve a more complex social topology than
simple spatial-distance based interactions.


title: Relaxed Binaural LCMV Beamforming

abstract:
  In this paper we propose a new binaural beamforming technique which can be
seen as a relaxation of the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV)
framework. The proposed method can achieve simultaneous noise reduction and
exact binaural cue preservation of the target source, similar to the binaural
minimum variance distortionless response (BMVDR) method. However, unlike BMVDR,
the proposed method is also able to preserve the binaural cues of multiple
interferers to a certain predefined accuracy. Specifically, it is able to
control the trade-off between noise reduction and binaural cue preservation of
the interferers by using a separate trade-off parameter per interferer.
Moreover, we provide a robust way of selecting these trade-off parameters in
such a way that the preservation accuracy for the binaural cues of the
interferers is always better than the corresponding ones of the BMVDR. The
relaxation of the constraints in the proposed method achieves approximate
binaural cue preservation of more interferers than other previously presented
LCMV-based binaural beamforming methods that use strict equality constraints.


title: Monads on Q-Cat and their lax extensions to Q-Dist

abstract:
  For a small quantaloid $\mathcal{Q}$, we consider 2-monads on the 2-category
$\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Cat}$ and their lax extensions to the 2-category
$\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Dist}$ of small $\mathcal{Q}$-categories and their
distributors, in particular those lax extensions that are flat, in the sense
that they map identity distributors to identity distributors. In fact, unlike
in the discrete case, a 2-monad on $\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Cat}$ may admit only one
flat lax extension. Every ordinary monad on the comma category $\bf{Set}/{\rm
ob}\mathcal{Q}$ with a lax extension to $\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Rel}$ gives rise to
such a 2-monad on $\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Cat}$, and we describe this process
globally as a coreflective embedding. The $\mathcal{Q}$-presheaf and the double
$\mathcal{Q}$-presheaf monads are important examples of 2-monads on
$\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Cat}$ allowing flat lax extensions to
$\mathcal{Q}$-$\bf{Dist}$, and so are their submonads, obtained by the
restriction to conical (co)presheaves and known as the $\mathcal{Q}$-Hausdorff
and double $\mathcal{Q}$-Hausdorff monads, which we define here in full
generality, thus generalizing some previous work in the case when $\mathcal{Q}$
is a quantale, or just the "metric" quantale $[0,\infty]$. Their discretization
leads naturally to various lax extensions of the relevant $\bf{Set}$-monads
used in monoidal topology.


title:
Invariant manifolds and the parameterization method in coupled energy
  harvesting piezoelectric oscillators

abstract:
  Energy harvesting systems based on oscillators aim to capture energy from
mechanical oscillations and convert it into electrical energy. Widely extended
are those based on piezoelectric materials, whose dynamics are Hamiltonian
submitted to different sources of dissipation: damping and coupling. These
dissipations bring the system to low energy regimes, which is not desired in
long term as it diminishes the absorbed energy. To avoid or to minimize such
situations, we propose that the coupling of two oscillators could benefit from
theory of Arnold diffusion. Such phenomenon studies $O(1)$ energy variations in
Hamiltonian systems and hence could be very useful in energy harvesting
applications. This article is a first step towards this goal. We consider two
piezoelectric beams submitted to a small forcing and coupled through an
electric circuit. By considering the coupling, damping and forcing as
perturbations, we prove that the unperturbed system possesses a $4$-dimensional
Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Manifold with $5$ and $4$-dimensional stable and
unstable manifolds, respectively. These are locally unique after the
perturbation. By means of the parameterization method, we numerically compute
parameterizations of the perturbed manifold, its stable and unstable manifolds
and study its inner dynamics. We show evidence of homoclinic connections when
the perturbation is switched on.


title: The Gaussian coefficient revisited

abstract:
  We give a new $q$-$(1+q)$-analogue of the Gaussian coefficient, also known as
the $q$-binomial which, like the original $q$-binomial
$\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n}{k}_{q}$, is symmetric in $k$ and $n-k$. We show this
$q$-$(1+q)$-binomial is more compact than the one discovered by Fu, Reiner,
Stanton and Thiem. Underlying our $q$-$(1+q)$-analogue is a Boolean algebra
decomposition of an associated poset. These ideas are extended to the Birkhoff
transform of any finite poset. We end with a discussion of higher analogues of
the $q$-binomial.


title: Decoherence and determinism in a one-dimensional cloud-chamber model

abstract:
  The hypothesis by Sparenberg et al. (2013) that the particular linear tracks
appearing in the measurement of a spherically-emitting radioactive source in a
cloud chamber are determined by the (random) positions of atoms or molecules
inside the chamber is further explored in the framework of a recently
established one-dimensional model by Carlone et al. (2015). In this model,
meshes of localized spins 1/2 play the role of the cloud-chamber atoms and the
spherical wave is replaced by a linear superposition of two wave packets moving
from the origin to the left and to the right, evolving deterministically
according to the Schr\"odinger equation. We first revisit these results using a
time-dependent approach, where the wave packets impinge on a symmetric
two-sided detector. We discuss the evolution of the wave function in the
configuration space and stress the interest of a non-symmetric detector in a
quantum-measurement perspective. Next we use a time-independent approach to
study the scattering of a plane wave on a single-sided detector. Preliminary
results are obtained, analytically for the single-spin case and numerically for
up to 8 spins. They show that the spin-excitation probabilities are sometimes
very sensitive to the parameters of the model, which corroborates the idea that
the measurement result could be determined by the atom positions. The possible
origin of decoherence and entropy increase in future models is finally
discussed.


title:
Monitoring in real time the photon-dressing and undressing of
  quasiparticles from first principles time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy

abstract:
  Optical pumping of solids creates a non-equilibrium electronic structure
where electrons and photons combine to form quasiparticles of dressed
electronic states. The resulting shift of electronic levels is known as the
optical Stark effect, visible as a red shift in the optical spectrum. Here we
show that in a pump-probe setup we can uniquely define a non-equilibrium
quasiparticle bandstructure that can be directly measurable with photo-electron
spectroscopy. The dynamical photon-dressing (and undressing) of the many-body
electronic states can be monitored by pump-probe time and angular resolved
photoelectron spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) as the photon-dressed bandstructure
evolves in time depending on the pump-probe pulse overlap. The computed
tr-ARPES spectrum agrees perfectly with the quasi-energy spectrum of Floquet
theory at maximum overlap and goes to the the equilibrium bandstructure as the
pump-probe overlap goes to zero. Additionally, we show how this time-dependent
non-equilibrium quasiparticle structure can be understood to be the
bandstructure underlying the optical Stark effect. The extension to
spin-resolved PES can be used to predict asymmetric dichroic response linked to
the valley selective optical excitations in monolayer transition metal
dichalcogenides (TMDs).


title: Sharing Hash Codes for Multiple Purposes

abstract:
  Locality sensitive hashing (LSH) is a powerful tool for sublinear-time
approximate nearest neighbor search, and a variety of hashing schemes have been
proposed for different dissimilarity measures. However, hash codes
significantly depend on the dissimilarity, which prohibits users from adjusting
the dissimilarity at query time. In this paper, we propose {multiple purpose
LSH (mp-LSH) which shares the hash codes for different dissimilarities. mp-LSH
supports L2, cosine, and inner product dissimilarities, and their corresponding
weighted sums, where the weights can be adjusted at query time. It also allows
us to modify the importance of pre-defined groups of features. Thus, mp-LSH
enables us, for example, to retrieve similar items to a query with the user
preference taken into account, to find a similar material to a query with some
properties (stability, utility, etc.) optimized, and to turn on or off a part
of multi-modal information (brightness, color, audio, text, etc.) in
image/video retrieval. We theoretically and empirically analyze the performance
of three variants of mp-LSH, and demonstrate their usefulness on real-world
data sets.


title:
Quasilocal charges and progress towards the complete GGE for field
  theories with non-diagonal scattering

abstract:
  It has recently been shown that some integrable spin chains possess a set of
quasilocal conserved charges, with the classic example being the
spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ XXZ Heisenberg chain. These charges have been proven to be
essential for properly describing stationary states after a quantum quench, and
must be included in the generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). We find that similar
charges are also necessary for the GGE description of integrable quantum field
theories with non-diagonal scattering. A stationary state in a non-diagonal
scattering theory is completely specified by fixing the mode-ocuppation density
distributions of physical particles, as well auxiliary particles which carry no
energy or momentum. We show that the set of conserved charges with integer
Lorentz spin, related to the integrability of the model, are unable to fix the
distributions of these auxiliary particles, since these charges can only fix
kinematical properties of physical particles. The field theory analogs of
quasilocal lattice charges are therefore necessary. As a concrete example, we
find the complete set of charges needed in the sine-Gordon model, by using the
fact that this field theory is recovered as the continuum limit of a spatially
inhomogeneous version of the XXZ chain. The set of quasilocal charges of the
lattice theory are shown to become a set local charges with fractional spin in
the field theory.

categories: cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.str-el hep-lat hep-th math-ph math.MP


title: Non-linear Fourier transforms and the Braverman-Kazhdan conjecture

abstract:
  In this article we prove a conjecture of Braverman-Kazhdan in \cite{BK} on
the acyclicity of gamma sheaves in the de Rham setting. The proof relies on the
techniques developed in \cite{BFO} on Drinfeld center of Harish-Chandra
bimodules and character D-modules. As an application, we show that the functors
of convolution with gamma D-modules, which can be viewed as a version of
non-linear Fourier transforms, commute with induction functors and are exact on
the category of admissible D-modules on a reductive group.


title: Reflection maps

abstract:
  Given a reflection group $G$ acting on a complex vector space $V$, a
reflection map is the composition of an embedding $X \hookrightarrow V$ with
the orbit map $V\to\mathbb C^p$ that maps a $G$-orbit to a point. Reflection
maps can be very singular, but we give tools to study them easily. We find
obstructions to $\mathcal A$-stability of reflection maps and produce, in the
unobstructed cases, infinite families of $\mathcal A$-finite map-germs of any
corank. We also relate them to conjectures of L\^e, Mond and Ruas.


title: The Solution to Science's Replication Crisis

abstract:
  The solution to science's replication crisis is a new ecosystem in which
scientists sell what they learn from their research. In each pairwise
transaction, the information seller makes (loses) money if he turns out to be
correct (incorrect). Responsibility for the determination of correctness is
delegated, with appropriate incentives, to the information purchaser. Each
transaction is brokered by a central exchange, which holds money from the
anonymous information buyer and anonymous information seller in escrow, and
which enforces a set of incentives facilitating the transfer of useful, bluntly
honest information from the seller to the buyer. This new ecosystem, capitalist
science, directly addresses socialist science's replication crisis by
explicitly rewarding accuracy and penalizing inaccuracy.


title: Bio-Inspired Filter Banks for SSVEP-based Brain-Computer Interfaces

abstract:
  Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have the potential to play a vital role in
future healthcare technologies by providing an alternative way of communication
and control. More specifically, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)
based BCIs have the advantage of higher accuracy and higher information
transfer rate (ITR). In order to fully exploit the capabilities of such
devices, it is necessary to understand the features of SSVEP and design the
system considering its biological characteristics. This paper introduces
bio-inspired filter banks (BIFB) for a novel SSVEP frequency detection method.
It is known that SSVEP response to a flickering visual stimulus is frequency
selective and gets weaker as the frequency of the stimuli increases. In the
proposed approach, the gain and bandwidth of the filters are designed and tuned
based on these characteristics while also incorporating harmonic SSVEP
responses. This method not only improves the accuracy but also increases the
available number of commands by allowing the use of stimuli frequencies elicit
weak SSVEP responses. The BIFB method achieved reliable performance when tested
on datasets available online and compared with two well-known SSVEP frequency
detection methods, power spectral density analysis (PSDA) and canonical
correlation analysis (CCA). The results show the potential of bio-inspired
design which will be extended to include further SSVEP characteristic (e.g.
time-domain waveform) for future SSVEP based BCIs.


title: Duality for image and kernel partition regularity of infinite matrices

abstract:
  A matrix A is image partition regular over Q provided that whenever Q - {0}
is finitely coloured, there is a vector x with entries in Q - {0} such that the
entries of Ax are monochromatic. It is kernel partition regular over Q provided
that whenever Q - {0} is finitely coloured, the matrix has a monochromatic
member of its kernel. We establish a duality for these notions valid for both
finite and infinite matrices. We also investigate the extent to which this
duality holds for matrices partition regular over proper subsemigroups of Q.


title:
Bounded holomorphic functional calculus for nonsymmetric
  Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators

abstract:
  We study bounded holomorphic functional calculus for nonsymmetric infinite
dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators ${\mathscr L}$. We prove that if
$-{\mathscr L}$ generates an analytic semigroup on $L^{2}(\gamma_{\infty})$,
then ${\mathscr L}$ has bounded holomorphic functional calculus on
$L^{r}(\gamma_{\infty})$, $1<r<\infty$, in any sector of angle
$\theta>\theta^{*}_{r}$, where $\gamma_{\infty}$ is the associated invariant
measure and $\theta^{*}_{r}$ the sectoriality angle of ${\mathscr L}$ on
$L^{r}(\gamma_{\infty})$. The angle $\theta^{*}_{r}$ is optimal. In particular
our result applies to any nondegenerate finite dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck
operator, with dimension-free estimates.


title:
A pebbles accretion model with chemistry and implications for the solar
  system

abstract:
  We investigate the chemical composition of the solar system's giant planets
atmospheres using a physical formation model with chemistry. The model
incorporate disk evolution, pebbles and gas accretion, type I and II migration,
simplified disk photoevaporation and solar system chemical measurements. We
track the chemical compositions of the formed giant planets and compare them to
the observed values. Two categories of models are studied: with and without
disk chemical enrichment via photoevaporation. Predictions for the Oxygen and
Nitrogen abundances, core masses, and total amount of heavy elements for the
planets are made for each case. We find that in the case without disk PE, both
Jupiter and Saturn will have a small residual core and comparable total amounts
of heavy elements in the envelopes. We predict oxygen abundances enrichments in
the same order as carbon, phosphorus and sulfur for both planets. Cometary
Nitrogen abundances does not allow to easily reproduce Jupiter's nitrogen
observations. In the case with disk PE, less core erosion is needed to
reproduce the chemical composition of the atmospheres, so both planets will end
up with possibly more massive residual cores, and higher total mass of heavy
elements. It is also significantly easier to reproduce Jupiter's Nitrogen
abundance. No single was disk was found to form both Jupiter and Saturn with
all their constraints in the case without photoevaporation. No model was able
to fit the constraints on Uranus & Neptune, hinting toward a more complicated
formation mechanism for these planets. The predictions of these models should
be compared to the upcoming Juno measurements to better understand the origins
of the solar system giant planets.


title: Supervised multiway factorization

abstract:
  We describe a probabilistic PARAFAC/CANDECOMP (CP) factorization for multiway
(i.e., tensor) data that incorporates auxiliary covariates, SupCP. SupCP
generalizes the supervised singular value decomposition (SupSVD) for
vector-valued observations, to allow for observations that have the form of a
matrix or higher-order array. Such data are increasingly encountered in
biomedical research and other fields. We describe a likelihood-based latent
variable representation of the CP factorization, in which the latent variables
are informed by additional covariates. We give conditions for identifiability,
and develop an EM algorithm for simultaneous estimation of all model
parameters. SupCP can be used for dimension reduction, capturing latent
structures that are more accurate and interpretable due to covariate
supervision. Moreover, SupCP specifies a full probability distribution for a
multiway data observation with given covariate values, which can be used for
predictive modeling. We conduct comprehensive simulations to evaluate the SupCP
algorithm. We apply it to a facial image database with facial descriptors
(e.g., smiling / not smiling) as covariates, and to a study of amino acid
fluorescence. Software is available at https://github.com/lockEF/SupCP .


title:
The Anatomy of the Three-Point Shot: Spatial Bias, Fractals and the
  Three-Point Line in the NBA

abstract:
  Even though it might have taken some time, the three-point line ultimately
changed the way the game is played as evidenced by the increase in the
three-point shot attempts over the years. However, during the last few years we
have experienced record-breaking seasons in terms of both three-point attempts
and field goals made. This brings back to the surface questions such as "What
is the rationale behind the three-point line?", "Is the three-point shot
distance appropriate?" and many more similar questions. In this work, even
though we do not take a stand against the three-point line, we provide evidence
that challenge its distance. In particular, we analyze shot charts and we
identify a statistically significant discontinuity in the shot attempts between
1-feet zones just inside and outside the three-point line. In addition we
introduce a metric inspired by fractal theory to quantify this bias and our
results clearly indicate that the space dimensionality in these areas of the
court is not fully exploited. By further examining the field goal percentages
in the zones considered, we do not identify a similar discontinuity, i.e., the
field goal percentage just inside the three-point line and just outside the
line are statistically identical. Therefore, even though the shooting behavior
of the teams appears to be rational, it raises important questions about the
rationality of the three-point line itself.


title: Topological field theory and computing with instantons

abstract:
  Chern-Simons topological field theories TFTs are the only TFTs that have
already found application in the description of some exotic strongly-correlated
electron systems and the corresponding concept of topological quantum
computing. Here, we show that TFTs of another type, specifically the
gauge-field-less Witten-type TFTs known as topological sigma models, describe
the recently proposed digital memcomputing machines (DMMs) - engineered
dynamical systems with point attractors being the solutions of the
corresponding logic circuit that solves a specific task. This result derives
from the recent finding that any stochastic differential equation possesses a
topological supersymmetry, and the realization that the solution search by a
DMM proceeds via an instantonic phase. Certain TFT correlators in DMMs then
reveal the presence of a transient long-range order both in space and time,
associated with the effective breakdown of the topological supersymmetry by
instantons. The ensuing non-locality and the low dimensionality of instantons
are the physical reasons why DMMs can solve complex problems efficiently,
despite their non-quantum character. We exemplify these results with the
solution of prime factorization.


title:
On the $L^p$ regularity of solutions to the generalized Hunter-Saxton
  system

abstract:
  The generalized Hunter-Saxton system comprises several well-known models from
fluid dynamics and serves as a tool for the study of fluid convection and
stretching in one-dimensional evolution equations. In this work, we examine the
global regularity of periodic smooth solutions of this system in $L^p$, $p \in
[1,\infty)$, spaces for nonzero real parameters $(\lambda,\kappa)$. Our results
significantly improve/extend those by Wunsch et al. [27-29] and Sarria [21].
Furthermore, we study the effects that different boundary conditions have on
the global regularity of solutions by replacing periodicity with a homogeneous
three-point boundary condition and establish finite-time blowup of a
local-in-time solution of the resulting system for particular values of the
parameters.


title: On neighborhood product of some Horn axiomatizable logics

abstract:
  We consider modal logics of products of neighborhood frames. We define
n-product of modal logics as the logic of all products of neighborhood frames
of corresponding logics and find n-product of any two pretransitive Horn
axiomatizable logics. As a corrolary we find the d-logic of products of
topological spaces for some classes of topological spaces.


title: The hydrodynamic stability of gaseous cosmic filaments

abstract:
  Virial shocks at edges of cosmic-web structures are a clear prediction of
standard structure formation theories. We derive a criterion for the stability
of the post-shock gas and of the virial shock itself in spherical, filamentary
and planar infall geometries. When gas cooling is important, we find that
shocks become unstable, and gas flows uninterrupted towards the center of the
respective halo, filament or sheet. For filaments, we impose this criterion on
self-similar infall solutions. We find that instability is expected for
filament masses between $10^{11}-10^{13}M_\odot Mpc^{-1}.$ Using a simplified
toy model, we then show that these filaments will likely feed halos with
$10^{10}M_{\odot}\lesssim M_{halo}\lesssim 10^{13}M_{\odot}$ at redshift $z=3$,
as well as $10^{12}M_{\odot}\lesssim M_{halo}\lesssim 10^{15}M_{\odot}$ at
$z=0$.
  The instability will affect the survivability of the filaments as they
penetrate gaseous halos in a non-trivial way. Additionally, smaller halos
accreting onto non-stable filaments will not be subject to ram-pressure inside
the filaments. The instreaming gas will continue towards the center, and stop
either once its angular momentum balances the gravitational attraction, or when
its density becomes so high that it becomes self-shielded to radiation.


title:
Reduced Space and Faster Convergence in Imperfect-Information Games via
  Regret-Based Pruning

abstract:
  Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is the most popular iterative
algorithm for solving zero-sum imperfect-information games. Regret-Based
Pruning (RBP) is an improvement that allows poorly-performing actions to be
temporarily pruned, thus speeding up CFR. We introduce Total RBP, a new form of
RBP that reduces the space requirements of CFR as actions are pruned. We prove
that in zero-sum games it asymptotically prunes any action that is not part of
a best response to some Nash equilibrium. This leads to provably faster
convergence and lower space requirements. Experiments show that Total RBP
results in an order of magnitude reduction in space, and the reduction factor
increases with game size.


title:
Possible strange hidden-charm pentaquarks from
  $\Sigma_c^{(*)}\bar{D}_s^*$ and $\Xi^{(',*)}_c\bar{D}^*$ interactions

abstract:
  Using the one-boson-exchange model, we investigate the
$\Lambda_c\bar{D}_s^*$, $\Sigma_c\bar{D}_s^*$, $\Sigma_c^*\bar{D}_s^*$,
$\Xi_c\bar{D}^*$, $\Xi_c'\bar{D}^*$, and $\Xi_c^*\bar{D}^*$ interactions by
considering the one-eta-exchange and/or one-pion-exchange contributions. We
further predict the existence of hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks. Promising
candidates for hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks include a $\Xi_c'\bar{D}^*$
state with $0(\frac{1}{2}^-)$ and the $\Xi_c^*\bar{D}^*$ states with
$0(\frac{1}{2}^-)$ and $0(\frac{3}{2}^-)$. Experimental searches for these
predicted hidden-charm molecular pentaquarks are an interesting future research
topic for experiments like LHCb.


title: Asymptotic analysis of boundary layers in a repulsive particle system

abstract:
  This paper studies the boundary behaviour at mechanical equilibrium at the
ends of a finite interval of a class of systems of interacting particles with
monotone decreasing repulsive force. Our setting covers pile-ups of
dislocations, dislocation dipoles and dislocation walls. The main challenge is
to control the nonlocal nature of the pairwise particle interactions. Using
matched asymptotic expansions for the particle positions and rigorous
development of an appropriate energy via Gamma-convergence, we obtain the
equilibrium equation solved by the boundary layer correction, associate an
energy with an appropriate scaling to this correction, and provide decay rates
into the bulk.


title:
Stationary state of a zero-range process corresponding to multifractal
  one-particle distribution

abstract:
  We investigate a zero-range process where the underlying one-particle
stationary distribution has multifractality. The multiparticle stationary
probability measure can be written in a factorized form. If the number of the
particles is sufficiently large, a great part of the particles condense at the
site with the highest measure of the one-particle problem. The number of the
particles out of the condensate scales algebraically with the system size and
the exponent depends on the strength of the disorder. These results can be well
reproduced by a branching process, with similar multifractal property.


title: Testing modified gravity with dwarf spheroidal galaxies

abstract:
  The observed velocity dispersion of the classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph)
galaxies of the Milky Way (MW) requires the Newtonian stellar mass-to-light
($M_*/L$) ratios in the range of about 10 to more than 100 solar units that are
well outside the acceptable limit predicted by stellar population synthesis
models. Using Jeans analysis, we calculate the line-of-sight velocity
dispersion ($\sigma_{\emph{los}}$) of stars in eight MW dSphs in the context of
the modified gravity (MOG) theory of Moffat, assuming a constant $M_*/L$ ratio
without invoking the exotic cold dark matter. First, we use the weak field
approximation of MOG and assume the two parameters $ \alpha $ and $ \mu $ of
the theory to be constant as has already been inferred from fitting to the
observed rotational data of The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey catalogue of galaxies.
We find that the derived $M_*/L$ ratios for almost all dSphs are too large to
be explained by the stellar population values. In order to fit the
line-of-sight velocity dispersions of the dSph with reasonable $M_*/L$ values,
we must vary $\alpha$ and $\mu$ on a case by case basis. A common pair of
values cannot be found for all dSphs. Comparing with the values found from
rotation curve fitting, it appears that $\mu$ correlates strongly with galaxy
luminosity, shedding doubt on it as a universal constant.


title: Universality of Schmidt decomposition and particle identity

abstract:
  Schmidt decomposition is a widely employed tool of quantum theory which plays
a key role for distinguishable particles in scenarios such as entanglement
characterization, theory of measurement and state purification. Yet, it is held
not to exist for identical particles, an open problem forbidding its
application to analyze such many-body quantum systems. Here we prove, using a
newly developed approach, that the Schmidt decomposition exists for identical
particles and is thus universal. We find that it is affected by single-particle
measurement localization and state overlap. We study paradigmatic two-particle
systems where identical qubits and qutrits are located in the same place or in
separated places. For the case of two qutrits in the same place, we show that
their entanglement behavior, whose physical interpretation is given, differs
from that obtained before by different methods. Our results are generalizable
to multiparticle systems and open the way for further developments in quantum
information theory when particle identity counts as a resource.


title:
Non-square matrix sensing without spurious local minima via the
  Burer-Monteiro approach

abstract:
  We consider the non-square matrix sensing problem, under restricted isometry
property (RIP) assumptions. We focus on the non-convex formulation, where any
rank-$r$ matrix $X \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$ is represented as $UV^\top$,
where $U \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times r}$ and $V \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times r}$. In
this paper, we complement recent findings on the non-convex geometry of the
analogous PSD setting [5], and show that matrix factorization does not
introduce any spurious local minima, under RIP.

categories: stat.ML cs.IT cs.LG math.IT math.NA math.OC


title:
A sharp boundary for SURE-based admissibility for the Normal means
  problem under unknown scale

abstract:
  We consider quasi-admissibility/inadmissibility of Stein-type shrinkage
estimators of the mean of a multivariate normal distribution with covariance
matrix an unknown multiple of the identity. Quasi-admissibility/inadmissibility
is defined in terms of non-existence/existence of a solution to a differential
inequality based on Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). We find a sharp
boundary between quasi-admissible and quasi-inadmissible estimators related to
the optimal James-Stein estimator. We also find a class of priors related to
the Strawderman class in the known variance case where the boundary between
quasi-admissibility and quasi-inadmissibility corresponds to the boundary
between admissibility and inadmissibility in the known variance case.
Additionally, we also briefly consider generalization to the case of general
spherically symmetric distributions with a residual vector.


title:
Investigating the Quantum Properties of Jets and the Search for a
  Supersymmetric Top Quark Partner with the ATLAS Detector

abstract:
  Quarks and gluons are the fundamental building blocks of matter responsible
for most of the visible energy density in the universe. However, they cannot be
directly observed due to the confining nature of the strong force. The LHC uses
pp collisions to probe the highest energy reactions involving quarks and gluons
happening at the smallest distance scales ever studied in a terrestrial
laboratory. The quantum properties of the initiating partons are encoded in the
distribution of energy inside and around jets. These quantum properties of jets
(QPJ) can be used to study the high energy nature of the strong force and
provide a way to tag the hadronic decays of heavy boosted particles. The ATLAS
detector is well-suited to perform measurements of the structure of high energy
jets. A variety of novel techniques utilizing the unique capabilities of the
ATLAS calorimeter and tracking detectors are introduced in order to probe the
experimental and theoretical limits of the QPJ.
  Quarks and gluons may also be the key to understanding fundamental problems
with the SM. In particular, the top quark has a unique relationship with the
newly discovered Higgs boson and as such could be a portal to discovering new
particles. In many extensions of the SM, the top quark has a partner with
similar properties. For example, a SUSY stop could solve The Hierarchy Problem.
Miraculously, a SUSY neutralino could also account for the DM observed in the
universe and may be copiously produced in stop decays. High-energy top quarks
from stops result in jets with a rich structure that can be identified using
the techniques developed in the study of the QPJ. While there is no significant
evidence for stop production at the LHC, the stringent limits established by
this search have important implications for SUSY and other models.
  (adapted from the original to save characters)


title: Seismicity prior to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes

abstract:
  We report precursory seismic patterns prior to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes,
as measured by four different methods based on changes in seismicity that can
be used for earthquake forecasting: the b-value method, two methods of seismic
quiescence evaluation, and an analysis of seismicity density in space and time.
The spatial extent of precursory patterns differs from one method to the other
and ranges from local scales (typically, asperity size) to regional scales
(e.g., 2 degree x 3 degree around the source zone). The earthquakes were
preceded by periods of pronounced anomalies, which lasted in yearly scales (1.5
years), or longer (> 3 years). We demonstrate that a combination of multiple
methods detected different signals prior to the Kumamoto earthquakes. This
indicates great potential to reduce the hazard at possible future sites of
earthquakes relative to long-term seismic hazard assessment. We also found that
the seismic quiescence in a regional scale area, detected by using the two
methods of seismic quiescence evaluation, was a common precursor to the 2016
Kumamoto earthquakes and 2015 Off Satsuma Peninsula earthquake. The result
allows us to interpret both events as the onset that occurred at a section
along the tectonic line from the Okinawa Trough through the Beppu-Shimabara
graben.


title:
Analysis of miscible displacement through porous media with vanishing
  molecular diffusion and singular wells

abstract:
  This article proves the existence of solutions to a model of incompressible
miscible displacement through a porous medium, with zero molecular diffusion
and modelling wells by spatial measures. We obtain the solution by passing to
the limit on problems indexed by vanishing molecular diffusion coefficients.
The proof employs cutoff functions to excise the supports of the measures and
the discontinuities in the permeability tensor, thus enabling compensated
compactness arguments used by Y. Amirat and A. Ziani for the analysis of the
problem with $L^2$ wells [\emph{Z. Anal. Anwendungen}, 23(2):335--351, 2004].
We give a novel treatment of the diffusion-dispersion term, which requires
delicate use of the Aubin--Simon lemma to ensure the strong convergence of the
pressure gradient, owing to the troublesome lower-order terms introduced by the
localisation procedure.


title:
Tilt-stability, vanishing theorems and Bogomolov-Gieseker type
  inequalities

abstract:
  We investigate the tilt-stability of stable sheaves on projective varieties
with respect to certain tilt-stability conditions depends on two parameters
constructed by Bridgeland. For a stable sheaf, we give effective bounds of
these parameters such that the stable sheaf is tilt-stable. These allow us to
prove new vanishing theorems for stable sheaves and an effective Serre
vanishing theorem for torsion free sheaves. Using these results, we also prove
Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequalities for the third Chern character of a stable
sheaf on $\mathbb{P}^3$.


title:
Anomalous decrease of relatively large shocks and increase of the p and
  b values preceding the April 16, 2016 M7.3 earthquake in Kumamoto, Japan

abstract:
  The 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes started with a magnitude (M) 6.5 quake on Apr
14 on the Hinagu fault zone (FZ), followed by active seismicity including an
M6.4 quake. Eventually, an M7.3 quake occurred on Apr 16 on the Futagawa FZ. We
investigated if any sign indicative of the M7.3 quake could be found in the
space-time changes of seismicity after the M6.5 quake. We determined in advance
the threshold magnitude, above which all earthquakes are completely recorded.
We then showed that the occurrence rate of relatively large (M >= 3)
earthquakes significantly decreased 1 day before the M7.3 quake. Significance
of this decrease was evaluated by one standard deviation of sampled changes in
the rate of occurrence. We next confirmed that seismicity with M >= 3 was well
modeled by the OU law with p ~ 1.5 +/- 0.3, which indicates that the temporal
decay of seismicity was significantly faster than a typical decay with p = 1.
The larger p value was obtained when we used data of the longer time period in
the analysis. This significance was confirmed by a bootstrapping approach. Our
detailed analysis shows that the large p value was caused by the rapid decay of
the seismicity in the northern area around the Futagawa FZ. Application of the
slope (the b value) of the GR frequency-magnitude distribution to the
spatiotemporal change in the seismicity revealed that the b value in the
northern area increased significantly, the increase being db = 0.3-0.5.
Significance was verified by a statistical test of db and a test using
bootstrapping errors. Based on our findings, combined with the results obtained
by a stress inversion analysis performed by the NIED, we suggested that stress
near the Futagawa FZ had reduced just prior to the occurrence of the M7.3
quake. We proposed, with some other observations, that a reduction in stress
might have been induced by growth of the slow slips on the Futagawa FZ.


title:
Geometric properties of self-shrinkers in cylinder shrinking Ricci
  solitons

abstract:
  In this paper we prove some spectral properties of the drifted Laplacian of
self-shrinkers properly immersed in gradient shrinking Ricci solitons. Then we
use these results to prove some geometric properties of self-shrinkers. For
example, we describe a collection of domains in the ambient space that cannot
contain self-shrinkers.


title: Critical noise of majority-vote model on complex networks

abstract:
  The majority-vote model with noise is one of the simplest nonequilibrium
statistical model that has been extensively studied in the context of complex
networks. However, the relationship between the critical noise where the
order-disorder phase transition takes place and the topology of the underlying
networks is still lacking. In the paper, we use the heterogeneous mean-field
theory to derive the rate equation for governing the model's dynamics that can
analytically determine the critical noise $f_c$ in the limit of infinite
network size $N\rightarrow \infty$. The result shows that $f_c$ depends on the
ratio of ${\left\langle k \right\rangle }$ to ${\left\langle k^{3/2}
\right\rangle }$, where ${\left\langle k \right\rangle }$ and ${\left\langle
k^{3/2} \right\rangle }$ are the average degree and the $3/2$ order moment of
degree distribution, respectively. Furthermore, we consider the finite size
effect where the stochastic fluctuation should be involved. To the end, we
derive the Langevin equation and obtain the potential of the corresponding
Fokker-Planck equation. This allows us to calculate the effective critical
noise $f_c(N)$ at which the susceptibility is maximal in finite size networks.
We find that the $f_c-f_c(N)$ decays with $N$ in a power-law way and vanishes
for $N\rightarrow \infty$. All the theoretical results are confirmed by
performing the extensive Monte Carlo simulations in random $k$-regular
networks, Erd\"os-R\'enyi random networks and scale-free networks.


title:
Machine-learning Selection of Optical Transients in Subaru/Hyper
  Suprime-Cam Survey

abstract:
  We present an application of machine-learning (ML) techniques to source
selection in the optical transient survey data with Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on
the Subaru telescope. Our goal is to select real transient events accurately
and in a timely manner out of a large number of false candidates, obtained with
the standard difference-imaging method. We have developed the transient
selector which is based on majority voting of three ML machines of AUC
Boosting, Random Forest, and Deep Neural Network. We applied it to our
observing runs of Subaru-HSC in 2015 May and August, and proved it to be
efficient in selecting optical transients. The false positive rate was 1.0% at
the true positive rate of 90% in the magnitude range of 22.0--25.0 mag for the
former data. For the latter run, we successfully detected and reported ten
candidates of supernovae within the same day as the observation. From these
runs, we learned the following lessons: (1) the training using artificial
objects is effective in filtering out false candidates, especially for faint
objects, and (2) combination of ML by majority voting is advantageous.


title: DESPOT: Online POMDP Planning with Regularization

abstract:
  The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a
principled general framework for planning under uncertainty, but solving POMDPs
optimally is computationally intractable, due to the "curse of dimensionality"
and the "curse of history". To overcome these challenges, we introduce the
Determinized Sparse Partially Observable Tree (DESPOT), a sparse approximation
of the standard belief tree, for online planning under uncertainty. A DESPOT
focuses online planning on a set of randomly sampled scenarios and compactly
captures the "execution" of all policies under these scenarios. We show that
the best policy obtained from a DESPOT is near-optimal, with a regret bound
that depends on the representation size of the optimal policy. Leveraging this
result, we give an anytime online planning algorithm, which searches a DESPOT
for a policy that optimizes a regularized objective function. Regularization
balances the estimated value of a policy under the sampled scenarios and the
policy size, thus avoiding overfitting. The algorithm demonstrates strong
experimental results, compared with some of the best online POMDP algorithms
available. It has also been incorporated into an autonomous driving system for
real-time vehicle control. The source code for the algorithm is available
online.


title: Postprocessing for Iterative Differentially Private Algorithms

abstract:
  Iterative algorithms for differential privacy run for a fixed number of
iterations, where each iteration learns some information from data and produces
an intermediate output. However, the algorithm only releases the output of the
last iteration, and from which the accuracy of algorithm is judged. In this
paper, we propose a post-processing algorithm that seeks to improve the
accuracy by incorporating the knowledge on the data contained in intermediate
outputs.


title: Toward a stability theory of tame abstract elementary classes

abstract:
  We initiate a systematic investigation of the abstract elementary classes
that have amalgamation, satisfy tameness (a locality property for orbital
types), and are stable (in terms of the number of orbital types) in some
cardinal. Assuming the singular cardinal hypothesis (SCH), we prove a full
characterization of the (high-enough) stability cardinals, and connect the
stability spectrum with the behavior of saturated models.
  We deduce (in ZFC) that if a class is stable on a tail of cardinals, then it
has no long splitting chains (the converse is known). This indicates that there
is a clear notion of superstability in this framework.
  We also present an application to homogeneous model theory: for $D$ a
homogeneous diagram in a first-order theory $T$, if $D$ is both stable in $|T|$
and categorical in $|T|$ then $D$ is stable in all $\lambda \ge |T|$.


title:
Uniform Sobolev estimates for Schr\"odinger operators with
  scaling-critical potentials and applications

abstract:
  We prove uniform Sobolev estimates for the resolvent of Schr\"odinger
operators with large scaling-critical potentials without any repulsive
condition. As applications, global-in-time Strichartz estimates including some
non-admissible retarded estimates, a H\"ormander type spectral multiplier
theorem, and Keller type eigenvalue bounds with complex-valued potentials are
also obtained.


title: A Requiem for $AdS_4 \times \mathbb{C} P^3$ Fermionic self-T-duality

abstract:
  Strong evidence for dual superconformal symmetry in $\mathcal{N} = 6$
superconformal Chern-Simons theory has fueled expectations that the AdS/CFT
dual geometry $AdS_4 \times \mathbb{C} P^3$ is self-dual under T-duality. We
revisit the problem to identify commuting bosonic and fermionic isometries in a
systematic fashion and show that fermionic T-duality, a symmetry originally
proposed by Berkovits & Maldacena, inevitably leads to a singularity in the
dilaton transformation. We show that TsT deformations commute with fermionic
T-duality and comment on T-duality in the corresponding sigma model. Our
results rule out self-duality based on fermionic T-duality for $AdS_4 \times
\mathbb{C} P^3$ or its TsT deformations, but leave the door open for new
possibilities.


title:
A quantum entropy source on an InP photonic integrated circuit for
  random number generation

abstract:
  Random number generators are essential to ensure performance in information
technologies, including cryptography, stochastic simulations and massive data
processing. The quality of random numbers ultimately determines the security
and privacy that can be achieved, while the speed at which they can be
generated poses limits to the utilisation of the available resources. In this
work we propose and demonstrate a quantum entropy source for random number
generation on an indium phosphide photonic integrated circuit made possible by
a new design using two-laser interference and heterodyne detection. The
resulting device offers high-speed operation with unprecedented security
guarantees and reduced form factor. It is also compatible with complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor technology, opening the path to its integration in
computation and communication electronic cards, which is particularly relevant
for the intensive migration of information processing and storage tasks from
local premises to cloud data centres.


title:
Late-time behaviour of Israel particles in a FLRW spacetime with
  $\Lambda>0$

abstract:
  In this paper we study the relativistic Boltzmann equation in a spatially
flat FLRW spacetime. We consider Israel particles, which are the relativistic
counterpart of the Maxwellian particles, and obtain global-in-time existence
and the asymptotic behaviour of solutions. The main argument of the paper is to
use the energy method of Guo, and we observe that the method can be applied to
study small solutions in a cosmological case. It is the first result of this
type where a physically well-motivated scattering kernel is considered for the
general relativistic Boltzmann equation.


title:
Bayesian Model Averaging for Ensemble-Based Estimates of Solvation Free
  Energies

abstract:
  This paper applies the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) statistical ensemble
technique to estimate small molecule solvation free energies. There is a wide
range of methods available for predicting solvation free energies, ranging from
empirical statistical models to ab initio quantum mechanical approaches. Each
of these methods is based on a set of conceptual assumptions that can affect
predictive accuracy and transferability. Using an iterative statistical
process, we have selected and combined solvation energy estimates using an
ensemble of 17 diverse methods from the fourth Statistical Assessment of
Modeling of Proteins and Ligands (SAMPL) blind prediction study to form a
single, aggregated solvation energy estimate. The ensemble design process
evaluates the statistical information in each individual method as well as the
performance of the aggregate estimate obtained from the ensemble as a whole.
Methods that possess minimal or redundant information are pruned from the
ensemble and the evaluation process repeats until aggregate predictive
performance can no longer be improved. We show that this process results in a
final aggregate estimate that outperforms all individual methods by reducing
estimate errors by as much as 91% to 1.2 kcal/mol accuracy. We also compare our
iterative refinement approach to other statistical ensemble approaches and
demonstrate that this iterative process reduces estimate errors by as much as
61%. This work provides a new approach for accurate solvation free energy
prediction and lays the foundation for future work on aggregate models that can
balance computational cost with prediction accuracy.


title:
Joint Power and Subcarrier Allocation for Multicarrier Full-Duplex
  Systems

abstract:
  In this paper, we investigate resource allocation for multicarrier
communication systems employing a full-duplex base station for serving multiple
half-duplex downlink and uplink users simultaneously. We study the joint power
and subcarrier allocation design for the maximization of the weighted sum
throughput of the system. The algorithm design is formulated as a mixed
combinatorial non-convex optimization problem and obtaining the globally
optimal solution may require prohibitively high computational complexity.
Therefore, a low computational complexity suboptimal iterative algorithm
exploiting successive convex approximation is proposed to obtain a locally
optimal solution. Simulation results confirm that the proposed suboptimal
algorithm obtains a substantial improvement in system throughput compared to
various existing baseline schemes.


title: Antiferromagnetic Dirac Semimetals in Two Dimensions

abstract:
  The search for symmetry-protected 2D Dirac semimetals analogous to graphene
is important both for fundamental and practical interest. The 2D Dirac cones
are protected by crystalline symmetries and magnetic ordering may destroy their
robustness. Here we propose a general framework to classify stable 2D Dirac
semimetals in spin-orbit coupled systems having the combined time-reversal and
inversion symmetries, and show the existence of the stable Dirac points in 2D
antiferromagnetic semimetals. Compared to 3D Dirac semimetals which fall into
two distinct classes, Dirac semimetals in 2D with combined time-reversal and
inversion symmetries belongs to single class which is closely related to the
nonsymmorphic space group symmetries. We further provide a concrete model in
antiferromagnetic semimetals which supports symmetry-protected 2D Dirac points.
The symmetry breaking in such systems leads to 2D chiral topological states
such as quantum anomalous Hall insulator and chiral topological superconductor
phases.


title: Delay-Optimal Buffer-Aware Scheduling with Adaptive Transmission

abstract:
  In this work, we aim to obtain the optimal tradeoff between the average delay
and the average power consumption in a communication system. In our system, the
arrivals occur at each timeslot according to a Bernoulli arrival process and
are buffered at the transmitter. The transmitter determines the scheduling
policy of how many packets to transmit under an average power constraint. The
power is assumed to be an increasing and convex function of the number of
packets transmitted in each timeslot to capture the realism in communication
systems. We also consider a finite buffer and allow the scheduling decision to
depend on the buffer occupancy. This problem is modelled as a Constrained
Markov Decision Process (CMDP). We first prove that the optimal policy of the
(Lagrangian) relaxation of the CMDP is deterministic and threshold-based. We
then show that the optimal delay-power tradeoff curve is convex and piecewise
linear, where each of the vertices are obtained by the optimal solution to the
relaxed problem. This allows us to show the optimal policies of the CMDP are
threshold-based, and hence can be implemented by a proposed efficient
algorithm. The theoretical results and the algorithm are validated by Linear
Programming and simulations.


title:
Less than a Single Pass: Stochastically Controlled Stochastic Gradient
  Method

abstract:
  We develop and analyze a procedure for gradient-based optimization that we
refer to as stochastically controlled stochastic gradient (SCSG). As a member
of the SVRG family of algorithms, SCSG makes use of gradient estimates at two
scales, with the number of updates at the faster scale being governed by a
geometric random variable. Unlike most existing algorithms in this family, both
the computation cost and the communication cost of SCSG do not necessarily
scale linearly with the sample size $n$; indeed, these costs are independent of
$n$ when the target accuracy is low. An experimental evaluation on real
datasets confirms the effectiveness of SCSG.


title:
Spontaneous decays of magneto-elastic excitations in noncollinear
  antiferromagnet (Y,Lu)MnO3

abstract:
  When magnons and phonons, the fundamental quasiparticles of the solid, are
coupled to one another, they form a new hybrid quasi-particle, leading to novel
phenomena and interesting applications. Despite its wide-ranging importance,
however, detailed experimental studies on the underlying Hamiltonian is rare
for actual materials. Moreover, the anharmonicity of such magnetoelastic
excitations remains largely unexplored although it is essential for a proper
understanding of their diverse thermodynamic behaviour as well as intrinsic
zero-temperature decay. Here we show that in noncollinear antiferromagnets, a
strong magnon-phonon coupling can significantly enhance the anharmonicity,
resulting in the creation of magnetoelastic excitations and their spontaneous
decay. By measuring the spin waves over the full Brillouin zone and carrying
out anharmonic spin wave calculations using a Hamiltonian with an explicit
magnon-phonon coupling, we have identified a hybrid magnetoelastic mode in
(Y,Lu)MnO3 and quantified its decay rate and the exchange-striction coupling
term required to produce it. Our work has wide implications for understanding
of the spin-phonon coupling and the resulting excitations of the broad classes
of noncollinear magnets.


title: On the Iterates of Digit Maps

abstract:
  Given a base $b$, a "digit map" is a map $f: \mathbb{Z}^{\ge 0} \to
\mathbb{Z}^{\ge 0}$ of the form $f(\sum_{i=0}^n a_ib^i) = \sum_{i=0}^n
f_*(a_i)$, $0 \le a_i \le b-1$ for each $i$, where $f_* : \{0,1,\dots, b-1\}
\to \mathbb{Z}^{\ge 0}$ satisfies $f_*(0) = 0$ and $f_*(1) = 1$. It has been
proven for $b=10$ and $f_*(m) = m^2$, and various generalizations thereof, that
there are arbitrarily long sequences of consecutive positive integers that end
up at $1$ under repeated application of $f$. In this paper, we significantly
generalize these results, providing a complete classification of digit maps for
which, given any periodic point $n$, there are arbitrarily long sequences of
consecutive positive integers that end up $n$.


title:
3D simulations of young core-collapse supernova remnants undergoing
  efficient particle acceleration

abstract:
  Within our Galaxy, supernova remnants are believed to be the major sources of
cosmic rays up to the "knee". However important questions remain regarding the
share of the hadronic and leptonic components, and the fraction of the
supernova energy channelled into these components. We address such question by
the means of numerical simulations that combine a hydrodynamic treatment of the
shock wave with a kinetic treatment of particle acceleration. Performing 3D
simulations allows us to produce synthetic projected maps and spectra of the
thermal and non-thermal emission, that can be compared with multi-wavelength
observations (in radio, X-rays, and gamma-rays). Supernovae come in different
types, and although their energy budget is of the same order, their remnants
have different properties, and so may contribute in different ways to the pool
of Galactic cosmic-rays. Our first simulations were focused on thermonuclear
supernovae, like Tycho's SNR, that usually occur in a mostly undisturbed
medium. Here we present our 3D simulations of core-collapse supernovae, like
the Cas A SNR, that occur in a more complex medium bearing the imprint of the
wind of the progenitor star.


title: Williams decomposition for superprocesses

abstract:
  We decompose the genealogy of a general superprocess with spatially dependent
branching mechanism with respect to the last individual alive (Williams
decomposition). This is a generalization of the main result of Delmas and
H\'{e}nard [Electron. J. Probab.,18,1-43,2013] where only superprocesses with
spatially dependent quadratic branching mechanism were considered. As an
application of the Williams decomposition, we prove that, for some
superprocesses, the normalized total mass will converge to a point mass at its
extinction time. This generalizes a result of Tribe [Ann.
Probab.,20,286-311,1992] in the sense that our branching mechanism is more
general.


title:
Recovering the History of Informed Consent for Data Science and Internet
  Industry Research Ethics

abstract:
  Respect for persons is a cornerstone value for any conception of research
ethics--though how to best realize respect in practice is an ongoing question.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, "informed consent" emerged as a
particular way to operationalize respect in medical and behavioral research
contexts. Today, informed consent has been challenged by increasingly advanced
networked information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the massive
amounts of data they produce--challenges that have led many researchers and
private companies to abandon informed consent as untenable or infeasible
online.
  Against any easy dismissal, we aim to recover insights from the history of
informed consent as it developed from the late 19th century to today. With a
particular focus on the United States policy context, we show how informed
consent is not a fixed or monolithic concept that should be abandoned in view
of new data-intensive and technological practices, but rather it is a mechanism
that has always been fluid--it has constantly evolved alongside the specific
contexts and practices it is intended to regulate. Building on this insight, we
articulate some specific challenges and lessons from the history of informed
consent that stand to benefit current discussions of informed consent and
research ethics in the context of data science and Internet industry research.


title: Evidence for the decay $B^{0}\to \eta \eta$

abstract:
  We report a search for $B^{0}\to \eta \eta $ with a data sample corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of $698 \,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ containing $753 \times
10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the
Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The
branching fraction is measured to be $\mathcal{B}(B^{0} \to \eta \eta ) =
(7.6^{+2.7 +1.4}_{-2.3 -1.6}) \times 10^{-7}$ at the level of 3.3 standard
deviations above zero, which provides the first evidence for the decay $B^{0}
\to \eta \eta$.


title:
Beta spectrum of unique first-forbidden decays as a novel test for
  fundamental symmetries

abstract:
  Within the Standard Model, the weak interaction of quarks and leptons is
characterized by certain symmetry properties, such as maximal breaking of
parity and favored helicity. These are related to the $V-A$ structure of the
weak interaction. These characteristics were discovered by studying
correlations in the directions of the outgoing leptons in nuclear beta decays.
These days, correlation measurements in nuclear beta decays are intensively
studied to probe for signatures for deviations from these symmetries, which are
an indication of Beyond Standard Model physics. We show that the structure of
the energy spectrum of emitted electrons in unique first-forbidden
$\beta$-decays is sensitive to the symmetries of the weak interaction, and thus
can be used as a novel probe of physics beyond the standard model. Furthermore,
the energy spectrum gives constraints both in the case of right and left
coupling of the new symmetry currents. We show that a measurement with modest
energy resolution of about 20 keV is expected to lead to new constraints on
beyond the standard model interactions with tensor symmetry.


title:
Weak and Compact Radio Emission in Early High-Mass Star Forming Regions:
  I. VLA Observations

abstract:
  We present a high sensitivity radio continuum survey at 6 and 1.3$\,$cm using
the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array towards a sample of 58 high-mass star
forming regions. Our sample was chosen from dust clumps within infrared dark
clouds with and without IR sources (CMC-IRs, CMCs, respectively), and hot
molecular cores (HMCs), with no previous, or relatively weak radio continuum
detection at the $1\,$mJy level. Due to the improvement in the continuum
sensitivity of the VLA, this survey achieved map rms levels of $\sim$ 3-10
$\mu$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at sub-arcsecond angular resolution. We extracted 70
centimeter continuum sources associated with 1.2$\,$mm dust clumps. Most
sources are weak, compact, and are prime candidates for high-mass protostars.
Detection rates of radio sources associated with the mm dust clumps for CMCs,
CMC-IRs and HMCs are 6$\%$, 53$\%$ and 100$\%$, respectively. This result is
consistent with increasing high-mass star formation activity from CMCs to HMCs.
The radio sources located within HMCs and CMC-IRs occur close to the dust clump
centers with a median offset from it of 12,000$\,$AU and 4,000$\,$AU,
respectively. We calculated 5 - 25$\,$GHz spectral indices using power law fits
and obtain a median value of 0.5 (i.e., flux increasing with frequency),
suggestive of thermal emission from ionized jets. In this paper we describe the
sample, observations, and detections. The analysis and discussion will be
presented in Paper II.


title: Operators on Bourgain-Delbaen's spaces

abstract:
  We prove that, for a suitable choice of real numbers $a, b$, every operator
from $\ell_2$ to $X_{a,b}$ and from $X_{a,b}$ to $\ell_2$ must be compact,
where $X_{a,b}$ is the Bourgain- Delbaen's space.


title:
On the dust and gas components of the $z=2.8$ gravitationally lensed
  quasar host RX J0911.4+0551

abstract:
  Observations by the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array of the 358
GHz continuum emission of the gravitationally lensed quasar host RX
J0911.4+0551 have been analysed. They complement earlier Plateau de Bure
Interferometer observations of the CO(7-6) emission. The good knowledge of the
lensing potential obtained from Hubble Space Telescope observations of the
quasar makes a joint analysis of the three emissions possible. It gives
evidence for the quasar source to be concentric with the continuum source
within 0.31 kpc and with the CO(7-6) source within 1.10 kpc. It also provides a
measurement of the size of the continuum source, 0.76 $\pm$ 0.04 kpc FWHM,
making RX J0911.4+0551 one of the few high redshift galaxies for which the dust
and gas components are resolved with dimensions being measured. Both are found
to be very compact, the former being smaller than the latter by a factor of
$\sim$3.4$\pm$0.4. Moreover, new measurements of the CO ladder $-$ CO(10-9) and
CO(11-10) $-$ are presented that confirm the extreme narrowness of the CO line
width (107$\pm$20 km s$^{-1}$ on average). Their mere detection implies higher
temperature and/or density than for typical quasar hosts at this redshift and
suggests a possible contribution of the central AGN to gas and dust heating.
The results are interpreted in terms of current understanding of galaxy
evolution at the peak of star formation. They suggest that RX J0911.4+0551 is a
young galaxy in an early stage of its evolution, having experienced no recent
major mergers, star formation being concentrated in its centre.


title: On epicomplete $MV$-algebras

abstract:
  The aim of the paper is to study epicomplete objects in the category of
$MV$-algebras. A relation between injective $MV$-algebras and epicomplete
$MV$-algebras is found, an equivalence condition for an $MV$-algebra to be
epicomplete is obtained, and it is shown that the class of divisible
$MV$-algebras and the class of epicomplete $MV$-algebras are the same. Finally,
the concept of an epicompletion for $MV$-algebras is introduced, and the
conditions under which an $MV$-algebra has an epicompletion are obtained. As a
result we show that each $MV$-algebra has an epicompletion.


title:
Air Shower Radio Emission with Energy E$_0$$\geq$10$^{19}$ eV by Yakutsk
  Array Data

abstract:
  The paper presents short technical description of Yakutsk Radio Array and
some preliminary results obtained from measurements of radio emission at 32 MHz
frequency induced by air shower particles with energy
{\epsilon}$\geq$1$\cdot$10$^{19}$ eV. The data obtained at Yakutsk array in
1987-1989 (first set of measurements) and 2009-2014 (new set of measurements).
For the first time, at Yakutsk array radio emission from air shower with energy
> 10$^{19}$ eV was registered including the shower with highest energy ever
registered at Yakutsk array with energy $\sim$2$\cdot$10$^{20}$ eV.


title: Neutrino Masses and Scalar Singlet Dark Matter

abstract:
  We propose a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) which has a viable
dark matter (DM) candidate, as well as can explain the generation of tiny
neutrino masses. The DM is an electroweak (EW) singlet scalar $S$, odd under an
imposed exact $Z_2$ symmetry, interacting to SM through `Higgs-portal'
coupling, while all other particles are even under $Z_2$. The model also has an
EW isospin $3/2$ scalar, $\Delta$ and a pair of EW isospin vector, $\Sigma$ and
$\bar{\Sigma}$, responsible for generating tiny neutrino mass via the effective
dimension seven operator. Thanks to the additional interactions with $\Delta$,
the scalar singlet DM $S$ survives a large region of parameter space by relic
density constraints from WMAP/PLANCK and direct search bounds from updated LUX
data. Constraints on the model from Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has also been
discussed.


title: Stresslets induced by active swimmers

abstract:
  Active particles disturb the fluid around them as force dipoles, or
stresslets, which govern their collective dynamics. Unlike swimming speeds, the
stresslets of active particles are rarely determined due to the lack of a
suitable theoretical framework for arbitrary geometry. We propose a general
method, based on the reciprocal theorem of Stokes flows, to compute stresslets
as integrals of the velocities on the particle's surface, which we illustrate
for spheroidal chemically-active particles. Our method will allow tuning the
stresslet of artificial swimmers and tailoring their collective motion in
complex environments.


title: Fa\`a di Bruno for operads and internal algebras

abstract:
  For any coloured operad R, we prove a Fa\`a di Bruno formula for the
`connected Green function' in the incidence bialgebra of R. This generalises on
one hand the classical Fa\`a di Bruno formula (dual to composition of power
series), corresponding to the case where R is the terminal reduced operad, and
on the other hand the Faa di Bruno formula for P-trees of G\'alvez--Kock--Tonks
(P a finitary polynomial endofunctor), which corresponds to the case where R is
the free operad on P. Following G\'alvez--Kock--Tonks, we work at the objective
level of groupoid slices, hence all proofs are `bijective': the formula is
established as the homotopy cardinality of an explicit equivalence of
groupoids. In fact we establish the formula more generally in a relative
situation, for algebras for one polynomial monad internal to another. This
covers in particular nonsymmetric operads (for which the terminal reduced case
yields the noncommutative Fa\`a di Bruno formula of
Brouder--Frabetti--Krattenthaler).


title: Segmentation and Classification of Skin Lesions for Disease Diagnosis

abstract:
  In this paper, a novel approach for automatic segmentation and classification
of skin lesions is proposed. Initially, skin images are filtered to remove
unwanted hairs and noise and then the segmentation process is carried out to
extract lesion areas. For segmentation, a region growing method is applied by
automatic initialization of seed points. The segmentation performance is
measured with different well known measures and the results are appreciable.
Subsequently, the extracted lesion areas are represented by color and texture
features. SVM and k-NN classifiers are used along with their fusion for the
classification using the extracted features. The performance of the system is
tested on our own dataset of 726 samples from 141 images consisting of 5
different classes of diseases. The results are very promising with 46.71% and
34% of F-measure using SVM and k-NN classifier respectively and with 61% of
F-measure for fusion of SVM and k-NN.


title:
Paraunitary Matrices, Entropy, Algebraic Condition Number and Fourier
  Computation

abstract:
  The Fourier Transform is one of the most important linear transformations
used in science and engineering. Cooley and Tukey's Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT) from 1964 is a method for computing this transformation in time $O(n\log
n)$. From a lower bound perspective, relatively little is known. Ailon shows in
2013 an $\Omega(n\log n)$ bound for computing the normalized Fourier Transform
assuming only unitary operations on two coordinates are allowed at each step,
and no extra memory is allowed. In 2014, Ailon then improved the result to show
that, in a $\kappa$-well conditioned computation, Fourier computation can be
sped up by no more than $O(\kappa)$. The main conjecture is that Ailon's result
can be exponentially improved, in the sense that $\kappa$-well condition cannot
admit $\omega(\log \kappa)$ speedup.
  The main result here is that `algebraic' $\kappa$-well condition admits no
more than $O(\sqrt \kappa)$ speedup. The definition of algebraic condition
number is obtained by formally viewing multiplication by constants, as
performed by the algorithm, as multiplication by indeterminates, giving rise to
computation over polynomials. The algebraic condition number is related to the
degree of these polynomials. Using the maximum modulus theorem from complex
analysis, we show that algebraic condition number upper bounds standard
condition number, and equals it in certain cases. Algebraic condition number is
an interesting measure of numerical computation stability in its own right.
Moreover, we believe that the approach of algebraic condition number has a good
chance of establishing an algebraic version of the main conjecture.


title:
Semi-Supervised Sparse Representation Based Classification for Face
  Recognition with Insufficient Labeled Samples

abstract:
  This paper addresses the problem of face recognition when there is only few,
or even only a single, labeled examples of the face that we wish to recognize.
Moreover, these examples are typically corrupted by nuisance variables, both
linear (i.e., additive nuisance variables such as bad lighting, wearing of
glasses) and non-linear (i.e., non-additive pixel-wise nuisance variables such
as expression changes). The small number of labeled examples means that it is
hard to remove these nuisance variables between the training and testing faces
to obtain good recognition performance. To address the problem we propose a
method called Semi-Supervised Sparse Representation based Classification
(S$^3$RC). This is based on recent work on sparsity where faces are represented
in terms of two dictionaries: a gallery dictionary consisting of one or more
examples of each person, and a variation dictionary representing linear
nuisance variables (e.g., different lighting conditions, different glasses).
The main idea is that (i) we use the variation dictionary to characterize the
linear nuisance variables via the sparsity framework, then (ii) prototype face
images are estimated as a gallery dictionary via a Gaussian Mixture Model
(GMM), with mixed labeled and unlabeled samples in a semi-supervised manner, to
deal with the non-linear nuisance variations between labeled and unlabeled
samples. We have done experiments with insufficient labeled samples, even when
there is only a single labeled sample per person. Our results on the AR,
Multi-PIE, CAS-PEAL, and LFW databases demonstrate that the proposed method is
able to deliver significantly improved performance over existing methods.


title:
On the Relationship of UC H II Regions and Class II Methanol Masers: I.
  Source Catalogs

abstract:
  We conducted VLA C-configuration observations to measure positions and
luminosities of Galactic Class II 6.7 GHz methanol masers and their associated
ultra-compact H II regions. The spectral resolution was 3.90625 kHz and the
continuum sensitivity reached 45 \uJypb. We mapped 372 methanol masers with
peak flux densities of more than 2 Jy selected from the literature, 367 of them
were detected. Absolute positions have nominal uncertainties of 0.3 arcsec. In
this first paper on the data analysis, we present three catalogs, the first
gives information on the strongest feature of 367 methanol maser sources, and
the second on all detected maser spots. The third catalog present derived data
of the 279 radio continuum sources found in the vicinity of maser sources.
Among them, 140 show evidence of physical association with maser sources. Our
catalogs list properties including distance, flux density, radial velocity and
the distribution of masers on the Galactic plane is then provided as well. We
found no significant relationship between luminosities of masers and their
associated radio continuum counterparts.


title:
A study of the sensitivity of shape measurements to the input parameters
  of weak lensing image simulations

abstract:
  Improvements in the accuracy of shape measurements are essential to exploit
the statistical power of planned imaging surveys that aim to constrain
cosmological parameters using weak lensing by large-scale structure. Although a
range of tests can be performed using the measurements, the performance of the
algorithm can only be quantified using simulated images. This yields, however,
only meaningful results if the simulated images resemble the real observations
sufficiently well. In this paper we explore the sensitivity of the
multiplicative bias to the input parameters of Euclid-like image simulations.We
find that algorithms will need to account for the local density of sources. In
particular the impact of galaxies below the detection limit warrants further
study, because magnification changes their number density, resulting in
correlations between the lensing signal and multiplicative bias. Although
achieving sub-percent accuracy will require further study, we estimate that
sufficient archival Hubble Space Telescope data are available to create
realistic populations of galaxies.


title:
Spatial statistics of magnetic field in two-dimensional chaotic flow in
  the resistive growth stage

abstract:
  The correlation tensors of magnetic field in a two-dimensional chaotic flow
of conducting fluid are studied. It is shown that there is a stage of resistive
evolution where the field correlators grow exponentially with time what
contradicts to the statements present in literature. The two- and four-point
field correlation tensors are computed explicitly in this stage in the
framework of Batchelor-Kraichnan-Kazantsev model.
  These tensors demonstrate highly intermittent statistics of the field
fluctuations both in space and time.


title:
A short review and primer on respiration in human computer interaction
  applications

abstract:
  The application of psychophysiology in human-computer interaction is a
growing field with significant potential for future smart personalised systems.
Working in this emerging field requires comprehension of an array of
physiological signals and analysis techniques.
  Respiration is unique among physiological signals in that it can be
consciously controlled which has to be taken into account when designing
applications. Respiration is tightly connected to other physiological signals,
especially cardiovascular activity, and often analyzed in conjunction with
other signals. When analyzed separately, an increase in the rate of respiration
can be seen as an increase in metabolic demand which indicates activate states
such as engagement and attention. We present a short review on the application
of respiration in human-computer interaction.
  This paper aims to serve as a primer for the novice, enabling rapid
familiarisation with the latest core concepts. We put special emphasis on
everyday human-computer interface applications to distinguish from the more
common clinical or sports uses of psychophysiology.
  This paper is an extract from a comprehensive review of the entire field of
ambulatory psychophysiology, including 12 similar chapters, plus application
guidelines and systematic review. Thus any citation should be made using the
following reference:
  B. Cowley, M. Filetti, K. Lukander, J. Torniainen, A. Henelius, L. Ahonen, O.
Barral, I. Kosunen, T. Valtonen, M. Huotilainen, N. Ravaja, G. Jacucci. The
Psychophysiology Primer: a guide to methods and a broad review with a focus on
human-computer interaction. Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer
Interaction, vol. 9, no. 3-4, pp. 150--307, 2016.


title:
Enhanced azimuthal rotation of the large-scale flow through stochastic
  cessations in turbulent rotating convection with large Rossby numbers

abstract:
  We present measurements of the azimuthal orientation {\theta}(t) and thermal
amplitude {\delta}(t) of the large-scale circulation (LSC) of turbulent
rotating convection within an unprecedented large Rossby number range 1<Ro<314.
Results of {\theta}(t) reveal persistent rotation of the LSC flow in the
retrograde direction over the entire Ro range. The rotation speed ratio remains
a constant of 0.13(${\pm}$0.01) for 10<Ro<70, but starts to increase with
increasing Ro when Ro>70. We identify the mechanism through which the mean
retrograde rotation speed can be enhanced by stochastic cessations in the
presence of weak Coriolis force, and show that a low-dimensional, stochastic
model provides predictions of the observed large-scale flow dynamics and
interprets its retrograde rotation.