title:
Optimal quantum parameter estimation of two interacting qubits under
  decoherence

abstract:
  We investigate the parameter estimation problem in a two-qubit system, in
which each qubit is independently interacting with its Markovian environment.
We study in detail the sensitivity of the estimation on the decoherence rate
$\gamma$ and the two-qubit interaction strength $v$. In particular, the
dynamics of quantum Fisher information are employed as a measure to quantify
the precision of the estimations. We find that the quantum Fisher information
with respect to the decoherence rate scales like $t^2/[\exp(\gamma t)-1]$ and
$\exp(-2\gamma t)$ in the unitary limit and the completely decoherent limit,
respectively. When we estimate the interaction strength $v$, the quantum Fisher
information shows oscillation behavior in term of time. In addition, our
results provide further evidence that the entanglement of the input state may
not enhance quantum metrology.


title:
Trotter product formulas and global regular upper bounds of the Navier
  Stokes equation solution

abstract:
  Global upper bounds with respect to regular norms of the incompressible
Navier Stokes equation solution with regular data are constructed by an
infinite scheme, where we work in bounded ZFC with bounded quantifiers and
explicit infinitesimals. Trotter product formulas with infinitesimal error are
obtained, which simplify for calculi with explicit infinitesimal and make the
spatial effects needed in order to obtain global schemes more transparent.


title:
Bottomonium production associated with a photon at a high luminosity
  $e^+e^-$ collider with next-to-leading order QCD corrections

abstract:
  We make a detailed discussion on the one-loop QCD correction to the
bottomonium production associated with a photon, i.e. via the channel
$e^{+}e^{-} \to\gamma^*/Z^0 \to |H_{b\bar{b}}\rangle + \gamma$, where
$|H_{b\bar{b}}\rangle$ stands for the color-singlet bottomonium state as
$\eta_b$, $\Upsilon$, $h_b$ or $\chi_{bJ}$ ($J$=0, 1 or 2), respectively. At
the super $Z$ factory with the collision energy $E_{cm} \sim m_Z$, by summing
up the cross sections for all bottomonium states, we obtain a large one-loop
QCD correction, i.e. $|R|\sim 30\%$. This ensures the necessity and importance
of the one-loop QCD corrections for the present processes. Further more, for
the $\eta_b$, $h_b$ and $\chi_{bJ}$ production, their cross sections are
dominated by the $s$-channel diagrams and are enhanced by the $Z^0$ boson
resonance effect when $E_{cm}\sim m_Z$. While, for the $\Upsilon$ production,
such resonance effect shall be smeared by a large $t(u)$-channel contribution
that dominant over the $s$-channel one. Theoretical uncertainties caused by
slight change of $E_{cm}$, the $b$-quark mass, the renormalization scale and
etc. have been presented. At the super $Z$ factory with a high luminosity up to
${\cal L}=10^{36}{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$, the bottomonium plus one photon
events are sizable, especially for $\eta_b$ and $\Upsilon$, which have large
signal significance. Summing up all bottomonium states, we shall totally have
$\sim 3.8\times10^{5}$ bottomonium events in one operation year. So, the super
$Z$ factory shall provide a good platform for studying the bottomonium
properties.


title:
Fabrication of three-dimensional microdisk resonators in calcium
  fluoride by femtosecond laser micromachining

abstract:
  We report on fabrication of on-chip calcium fluoride (CaF2) microdisk
resonators using water-assisted femtosecond laser micromachining. Focused ion
beam (FIB) milling is used to create ultra-smooth sidewalls. The quality
(Q)-factors of the fabricated microresonators are measured to be 4.2x10^4 at
wavelengths near 1550 nm. The Q factor is mainly limited by the scattering from
the bottom surface of the disk whose roughness remains high due to the
femtosecond laser micromachining process. This technique facilitates formation
of on-chip microresonators on various kinds of bulk crystalline materials,
which can benefit a wide range of applications such as nonlinear optics,
quantum optics, and chip-level integration of photonic devices.


title:
Higher Derivatives of the Falling Factorial and Related Generalizations
  of the Stirling and Harmonic Numbers

abstract:
  Through a brute-force approach to calculating the higher derivatives of the
falling factorial function, a number of interesting quantities were obtained
and analyzed. In particular, it was found that a quantity that can be described
as the "elementary symmetric harmonic sum" is a natural way to describe the
solutions to such higher derivatives. The relationship of this type of
generalized harmonic number to other quantities discussed in the literature,
such as the r-Stirling numbers, was described in detail.


title: Non-relativistic model for interaction of dark particles with matter

abstract:
  A non-relativistic quantum mechanical model for interaction of dark particles
with matter is proposed; the model describes resonant amplification of
effective interaction between two massive bodies at large distances between
them. The phenomenon is explained by catalytic action by a third dark particle
scattered at a system of two heavy bodies. It is shown that effective
interaction between the heavy bodies is changed at large distances and can
transform into repulsion contributing in that case to the dark energy action.


title: Libration driven multipolar instabilities

abstract:
  We consider rotating flows in non-axisymmetric enclosures that are driven by
libration, i.e. by a small periodic modulation of the rotation rate. Thanks to
its simplicity, this model is relevant to various contexts, from industrial
containers (with small oscillations of the rotation rate) to fluid layers of
terrestial planets (with length-of-day variations). Assuming a multipolar
$n$-fold boundary deformation, we first obtain the two-dimensional basic flow.
We then perform a short-wavelength local stability analysis of the basic flow,
showing that an instability may occur in three dimensions. We christen it the
Libration Driven Multipolar Instability (LDMI). The growth rates of the LDMI
are computed by a Floquet analysis in a systematic way, and compared to
analytical expressions obtained by perturbation methods. We then focus on the
simplest geometry allowing the LDMI, a librating deformed cylinder. To take
into account viscous and confinement effects, we perform a global stability
analysis, which shows that the LDMI results from a parametric resonance of
inertial modes. Performing numerical simulations of this librating cylinder, we
confirm that the basic flow is indeed established and report the first
numerical evidence of the LDMI. Numerical results, in excellent agreement with
the stability results, are used to explore the non-linear regime of the
instability (amplitude and viscous dissipation of the driven flow). We finally
provide an example of LDMI in a deformed spherical container to show that the
instability mechanism is generic. Our results show that the previously studied
libration driven elliptical instability simply corresponds to the particular
case $n=2$ of a wider class of instabilities. Summarizing, this work shows that
any oscillating non-axisymmetric container in rotation may excite intermittent,
space-filling LDMI flows, and this instability should thus be easy to observe
experimentally.


title:
Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy analysis of a large sampling of
  disordered carbons extracted from the Tore Supra tokamak

abstract:
  Disordered carbon often exhibit a complex Raman spectrum, with four to six
components. Here, a large variety of disordered carbons, forming a collection
of samples with a great variety of structures, are analysed using
multi-wavelength Raman microscopy (325.0, 514.5, 785.0 nm). They allow us to
extend Raman behaviour known for nano-crystalline graphite to amorphous
carbons, (dependence with the excitation wavelength) and other known for
amorphous carbons to nano-crystalline graphite, (differentiation of the
smallest cluster size probed using different excitation wavelengths).
Experimental spectra were compared to simulated spectra, built using known
laws, to evidence a new source of broadening.


title: Two-sided Cayley graphs

abstract:
  We introduce a family of graphs that generalises the class of Cayley graphs.
For non-empty subsets L, R of a group G, the two-sided Cayley graph 2SC(G;L,R)
is the directed graph with vertex set G and an arc from x to y if and only if
y=a^{-1}xb for some a in L and b in R. Thus, in common with Cayley graphs,
two-sided Cayley graphs may be useful to model networks as the same routing and
communication scheme can be implemented at each vertex. We determine when
two-sided Cayley graphs are simple undirected graphs, and give sufficient
conditions for them to be connected, vertex-transitive, or Cayley graphs.
Several open problems are posed. Many examples are given, including one on 12
vertices with connected components of sizes 4 and 8.


title:
Multi-scale dynamics of glow discharge plasma through wavelets:
  Self-similar behavior to neutral turbulence and dissipation

abstract:
  The multiscale dynamics of glow discharge plasma is analysed through wavelet
transform, whose scale dependent variable window size aptly captures both
transients and non-stationary periodic behavior. The optimal time-frequency
localization ability of the continuous Morlet wavelet is found to identify the
scale dependent periodic modulations efficiently, as also the emergence of
neutral turbulence and dissipation, whereas the discrete Daubechies basis set
has been used for detrending the temporal behavior to reveal the
multi-fractality of the underlying dynamics. The scaling ex- ponents and the
Hurst exponent have been estimated through wavelet based detrended fluctuation
analysis,and also Fourier methods and rescale range analysis.


title:
Self-gravity in thin discs and edge effects: an extension of Paczynski's
  approximation

abstract:
  As hydrostatic equilibrium of gaseous discs is partly governed by the gravity
field, we have estimated the component caused by a vertically homogeneous disc,
with a special attention for the outer regions where self-gravity classically
appears. The accuracy of the integral formula is better than 1%, whatever the
disc thickness, radial extension and radial density profile. At order zero, the
field is even algebraic for thin discs and writes $- 4 \pi G \Sigma(R) f_{edge}
(R)$ at disc surface, thereby correcting Paczynski's formula by a multiplying
factor $f_{edge} \gtrsim 1/2$, which depends on the relative distance to the
edges and the local disc thickness. For very centrally condensed discs however,
this local contribution can be surpassed by action of mass stored in the inner
regions, possibly resulting in $f_{edge} \gg 1$. A criterion setting the limit
between these two regimes is derived. These result are robust in the sense that
the details of vertical stratification are not critical. We briefly discuss how
hydrostatic equilibrium is impacted. In particular, the disc flaring should not
reverse in the self-gravitating region, which contradicts what is usually
obtained from Paczynski's formula. This suggests that i) these outer regions
are probably not fully shadowed by the inner ones (important when illuminated
by a central star), and ii) the flared shape of discs does not firmly prove the
absence or weakness of self-gravity.


title:
Error Bounds for Numerical Integration of Oscillatory Bessel Transforms
  with Algebraic or Logarithmic Singularities

abstract:
  In this paper, we present and analyze the Clenshaw-Curtis-Filon methods for
computing two classes of oscillatory Bessel transforms with algebraic or
logarithmic singularities. More importantly, for these quadrature rules we
derive new computational sharp error bounds by rigorous proof. These new error
bounds share the advantageous property that some error bounds are optimal on
$\omega$ for fixed $N$, while other error bounds are optimal on $N$ for fixed
$\omega$. Furthermore, we prove from the presented error bounds in inverse
powers of $\omega$ that the accuracy improves greatly, for fixed $N$, as
$\omega$ increases.


title: Fermi-LAT Observations of Supernova Remnant Kesteven 79

abstract:
  In this paper we report on the detection of $\gamma$-ray emission coincident
with the Galactic supernova remnant Kesteven 79 (Kes 79). We analysed
approximately 52 months of data obtained with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on
board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Kes 79 is thought to be interacting
with adjacent molecular clouds based on the presence of strong $^{12}$CO J = 1
$\rightarrow$ 0 and HCO$^{+}$ J = 1 $\rightarrow$ 0 emission and the detection
of 1720 MHz line emission towards the east of the remnant. Acceleration of
cosmic rays is expected to occur at SNR shocks, and SNRs interacting with dense
molecular clouds provide a good testing ground for detecting and analysing the
production of $\gamma$-rays from the decay of $\pi^0$ into two $\gamma$-ray
photons. This analysis investigates $\gamma$-ray emission coincident with Kes
79, which has a detection significance of $\sim 7 \sigma$. Additionally we
present an investigation of the spatial and spectral characteristics of Kes 79
using multiple archival XMM-Newton observations of this remnant. We determine
the global X-ray properties of Kes 79 and estimate the ambient density across
the remnant. We also performed a similar analysis for Galactic SNR Kesteven 78
(Kes 78), but due to large uncertainties in the $\gamma$-ray background model,
no conclusion can be made about an excess of GeV $\gamma$-ray associated with
the remnant.


title: Flow and Jamming of Granular Suspensions in Foams

abstract:
  The drainage of particulate foams is studied under conditions where the
particles are not trapped individually by constrictions of the interstitial
pore space. The drainage velocity decreases continuously as the particle volume
fraction $\phi_{p}$ increases. The suspensions jam - and therefore drainage
stops - for values $\phi_{p}^{*}$ which reveal a strong effect of the particle
size. In accounting for the particular geometry of the foam, we show that
$\phi_{p}^{*}$ accounts for unusual confinement effects when the particles pack
into the foam network. We model quantitatively the overall behavior of the
suspension - from flow to jamming - by taking into account explicitly the
divergence of its effective viscosity at $\phi_{p}^{*}$. Beyond the scope of
drainage, the reported jamming transition is expected to have a deep
significance for all aspects related to particulate foams, from aging to
mechanical properties.


title:
Room-Temperature Ferrimagnet with Frustrated Antiferroelectricity:
  Promising Candidate Toward Multiple State Memory

abstract:
  On the basis of first-principles calculations we show that the M-type
hexaferrite BaFe12O19 exhibits frustrated antiferroelectricity associated with
its trigonal bipyramidal Fe3+ sites. The ferroelectric (FE) state of BaFe12O19,
reachable by applying an external electric field to the antiferroelectric (AFE)
state, can be made stable at room temperature by appropriate element
substitution or strain engineering. Thus M-type hexaferrite, as a new type of
multiferoic with coexistence of antiferroelectricity and ferrimagnetism,
provide a basis for studying the phenomenon of frustrated antiferroelectricity
and realizing multiple state memory devices.


title:
Decomposing modular tensor products, and periodicity of `Jordan
  partitions'

abstract:
  Let $J_r$ denote an $r\times r$ matrix over a finite field $F$ with minimal
and characteristic polynomials $(t-1)^r$. Suppose $r\leq s$. It is not hard to
show that the Jordan canonical form of $J_r\otimes J_s$ is similar to
$J_{\lambda_1}\oplus\cdots\oplus J_{\lambda_r}$ where
$\lambda_1\geq\cdots\geq\lambda_r>0$ and $\sum_{i=1}^r\lambda_i=rs$. The
partition $\lambda(r,s,p):=(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_r)$ of $rs$, which depends
only on $r,s$ and the characteristic $p$ of $F$, has many applications
including to the study of algebraic groups. We prove new periodicity and
duality results for $\lambda(r,s,p)$ that depend on the smallest $p$-power
exceeding $r$. This generalizes results of J. A. Green, B. Srinivasan, and
others which depend on the smallest $p$-power exceeding the (potentially large)
integer $s$. We show that for fixed $r$ we can construct a finite table
allowing the computation of $\lambda(r,s,p)$ for all $s$ with $s\geq r$, and
all primes $p$. This generalizes work of K-i. Iima and R. Iwamatsu.


title:
Bifurcation in epigenetics: implications in development, proliferation
  and diseases

abstract:
  Cells often exhibit different and stable phenotypes from the same DNA
sequence. Robustness and plasticity of such cellular states are controlled by
diverse transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms, among them the modification
of biochemical marks on chromatin. Here, we develop a stochastic model that
describes the dynamics of epigenetic marks along a given DNA region. Through
mathematical analysis, we show the emergence of bistable and persistent
epigenetic states from the cooperative recruitment of modifying enzymes. We
also find that the dynamical system exhibits a critical point and displays, in
presence of asymmetries in recruitment, a bifurcation diagram with hysteresis.
These results have deep implications for our understanding of epigenetic
regulation. In particular, our study allows to reconcile within the same
formalism the robust maintenance of epigenetic identity observed in
differentiated cells, the epigenetic plasticity of pluripotent cells during
differentiation and the effects of epigenetic misregulation in diseases.
Moreover, it suggests a possible mechanism for developmental transitions where
the system is shifted close to the critical point to benefit from high
susceptibility to developmental cues.


title: Reversible decay of ring dark solitons

abstract:
  We show how boundary effects can cause a Bose-Einstein condensate to
periodically oscillate between a (circular) array of quantised
vortex-antivortex pairs and a (ring) dark soliton. If the boundary is
restrictive enough, the ring dark soliton becomes long-lived.


title: Transformation of Attributed Structures with Cloning (Long Version)

abstract:
  Copying, or cloning, is a basic operation used in the specification of many
applications in computer science. However, when dealing with complex
structures, like graphs, cloning is not a straightforward operation since a
copy of a single vertex may involve (implicitly)copying many edges. Therefore,
most graph transformation approaches forbid the possibility of cloning. We
tackle this problem by providing a framework for graph transformations with
cloning. We use attributed graphs and allow rules to change attributes. These
two features (cloning/changing attributes) together give rise to a powerful
formal specification approach. In order to handle different kinds of graphs and
attributes, we first define the notion of attributed structures in an abstract
way. Then we generalise the sesqui-pushout approach of graph transformation in
the proposed general framework and give appropriate conditions under which
attributed structures can be transformed. Finally, we instantiate our general
framework with different examples, showing that many structures can be handled
and that the proposed framework allows one to specify complex operations in a
natural way.


title: Fractional Brownian Motion and the Fractional Stochastic Calculus

abstract:
  This paper begins by giving an historical context to fractional Brownian
Motion and its development. Section 2 then introduces the fractional calculus,
from the Riemann-Liouville perspective. In Section 3, we introduce Brownian
motion and its properties, which is the framework for deriving the It\^o
integral. In Section 4 we finally introduce the It\^o calculus and discuss the
derivation of the It\^o integral. Section 4.1 continues the discussion about
the It\^o calculus by introducing the It\^o formula, which is the analogue to
the chain rule in classical calculus. In Section 5 we present our formal
definition of fBm and derive some of its properties that give motivation for
the development of a stochastic calculus with respect to fBm. Finally, in
Section 6 we define and characterize a stochastic integral with respect to fBm
from a pathwise perspective.


title: Stochastic Optimization with Importance Sampling

abstract:
  Uniform sampling of training data has been commonly used in traditional
stochastic optimization algorithms such as Proximal Stochastic Gradient Descent
(prox-SGD) and Proximal Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (prox-SDCA). Although
uniform sampling can guarantee that the sampled stochastic quantity is an
unbiased estimate of the corresponding true quantity, the resulting estimator
may have a rather high variance, which negatively affects the convergence of
the underlying optimization procedure. In this paper we study stochastic
optimization with importance sampling, which improves the convergence rate by
reducing the stochastic variance. Specifically, we study prox-SGD (actually,
stochastic mirror descent) with importance sampling and prox-SDCA with
importance sampling. For prox-SGD, instead of adopting uniform sampling
throughout the training process, the proposed algorithm employs importance
sampling to minimize the variance of the stochastic gradient. For prox-SDCA,
the proposed importance sampling scheme aims to achieve higher expected dual
value at each dual coordinate ascent step. We provide extensive theoretical
analysis to show that the convergence rates with the proposed importance
sampling methods can be significantly improved under suitable conditions both
for prox-SGD and for prox-SDCA. Experiments are provided to verify the
theoretical analysis.


title:
Modeling of the electromagnetic field and level populations in a
  waveguide amplifier: a multi-scale time problem

abstract:
  A new algorithm based on auxiliary differential equation and finite
difference time domain method (ADE-FDTD method) is presented to model a
waveguide whose active layer is constituted of a silica matrix doped with
rare-earth and silicon nanograins. The typical lifetime of rare-earth can be as
large as some ms, whereas the electromagnetic field in a visible range and
near-infrared is characterized by a period of the order of fs. Due to the large
difference between these two characteristic times, the conventional ADE-FDTD
method is not suited to treat such systems. A new algorithm is presented so
that the steady state of rare earth and silicon nanograins electronic levels
populations along with the electromagnetic field can be fully described. This
algorithm is stable and applicable to a wide range of optical gain materials in
which large differences of characteristic lifetimes are present.


title:
Transmutation of singularities and zeros in graded index optical
  instruments: a methodology for designing practical devices

abstract:
  We describe a design methodology for modifying the refractive index profile
of graded-index optical instruments that incorporate singularities or zeros in
their refractive index. The process maintains the device performance whilst
resulting in graded profiles that are all-dielectric, do not require materials
with unrealistic values, and that are impedance matched to the bounding medium.
This is achieved by transmuting the singularities (or zeros) using the
formalism of transformation optics, but with an additional boundary condition
requiring the gradient of the co- ordinate transformation be continuous. This
additional boundary condition ensures that the device is impedance matched to
the bounding medium when the spatially varying permittivity and permeability
profiles are scaled to realizable values. We demonstrate the method in some
detail for an Eaton lens, before describing the profiles for an "invisible
disc" and "multipole" lenses.


title:
Multi-way blockmodels for analyzing coordinated high-dimensional
  responses

abstract:
  We consider the problem of quantifying temporal coordination between multiple
high-dimensional responses. We introduce a family of multi-way stochastic
blockmodels suited for this problem, which avoids preprocessing steps such as
binning and thresholding commonly adopted for this type of data, in biology. We
develop two inference procedures based on collapsed Gibbs sampling and
variational methods. We provide a thorough evaluation of the proposed methods
on simulated data, in terms of membership and blockmodel estimation,
predictions out-of-sample and run-time. We also quantify the effects of
censoring procedures such as binning and thresholding on the estimation tasks.
We use these models to carry out an empirical analysis of the functional
mechanisms driving the coordination between gene expression and metabolite
concentrations during carbon and nitrogen starvation, in S. cerevisiae.


title:
Predicting Defect Content and Quality Assurance Effectiveness by
  Combining Expert Judgment and Defect Data - A Case Study

abstract:
  Planning quality assurance (QA) activities in a systematic way and
controlling their execution are challenging tasks for companies that develop
software or software-intensive systems. Both require estimation capabilities
regarding the effectiveness of the applied QA techniques and the defect content
of the checked artifacts. Existing approaches for these purposes need extensive
measurement data from historical projects. Due to the fact that many companies
do not collect enough data for applying these approaches (especially for the
early project lifecycle), they typically base their QA planning and controlling
solely on expert opinion. This article presents a hybrid method that combines
commonly available measurement data and context-specific expert knowledge. To
evaluate the method's applicability and usefulness, we conducted a case study
in the context of independent verification and validation activities for
critical software in the space domain. A hybrid defect content and
effectiveness model was developed for the software requirements analysis phase
and evaluated with available legacy data. One major result is that the hybrid
model provides improved estimation accuracy when compared to applicable models
based solely on data. The mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE) determined by
cross-validation is 29.6% compared to 76.5% obtained by the most accurate
data-based model.


title: Self-gravity in curved mesh elements

abstract:
  The local character of self-gravity along with the number of spatial
dimensions are critical issues when computing the potential and forces inside
massive systems like stars and disks. This appears from the discretisation
scale where each cell of the numerical grid is a self-interacting body in
itself. There is apparently no closed-form expression yet giving the potential
of a three-dimensional homogeneous cylindrical or spherical cell, in contrast
with the Cartesian case. By using Green's theorem, we show that the potential
integral for such polar-type 3D sectors -- initially, a volume integral with
singular kernel -- can be converted into a regular line-integral running over
the lateral contour, thereby generalising a formula already known under axial
symmetry. It therefore is a step towards the obtention of another
potential/density pair. The new kernel is a finite function of the cell's shape
(with the simplest form in cylindrical geometry), and mixes incomplete elliptic
integrals, inverse trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. The contour integral
is easy to compute; it is valid in the whole physical space, exterior and
interior to the sector itself and works in fact for a wide variety of shapes of
astrophysical interest (e.g. sectors of tori or flared discs). This result is
suited to easily providing reference solutions, and to reconstructing potential
and forces in inhomogeneous systems by superposition. The contour integrals for
the 3 components of the acceleration vector are explicitely given.


title: Identities of symmetry for higher-order q-Euler polynomials

abstract:
  In this paper, we derive basic identities of symmetry in two variables
related to higher-order q-Euler polynomials and q-analogue of higher order
alternating power sums. The derivation of identities are based on the
multibvariate p-adic fermionic integral espression of the generating function
for the higher-order q-Euler polynomials.


title: Bayesian spline method for assessing extreme loads on wind turbines

abstract:
  This study presents a Bayesian parametric model for the purpose of estimating
the extreme load on a wind turbine. The extreme load is the highest stress
level imposed on a turbine structure that the turbine would experience during
its service lifetime. A wind turbine should be designed to resist such a high
load to avoid catastrophic structural failures. To assess the extreme load,
turbine structural responses are evaluated by conducting field measurement
campaigns or performing aeroelastic simulation studies. In general, data
obtained in either case are not sufficient to represent various loading
responses under all possible weather conditions. An appropriate extrapolation
is necessary to characterize the structural loads in a turbine's service life.
This study devises a Bayesian spline method for this extrapolation purpose,
using load data collected in a period much shorter than a turbine's service
life. The spline method is applied to three sets of turbine's load response
data to estimate the corresponding extreme loads at the roots of the turbine
blades. Compared to the current industry practice, the spline method appears to
provide better extreme load assessment.


title: On v-Marot Mori rings and C-rings

abstract:
  C-domains are defined via class semigroups, and every C-domain is a Mori
domain with nonzero conductor whose complete integral closure is a Krull domain
with finite class group. In order to extend the concept of C-domains to rings
with zero divisors, we introduce $v$-Marot rings as generalizations of ordinary
Marot rings and study their theory of regular divisorial ideals. Based on this
we establish a generalization of a result well-known for integral domains. Let
$R$ be a $v$-Marot Mori ring, $\hat R$ its complete integral closure, and
suppose that the conductor $\mathfrak f = (R : \hat R)$ is regular. If the
residue class ring $R/\mathfrak f$ and the class group $\mathcal C (\hat R)$
are both finite, then $R$ is a C-ring. Moreover, we study both $v$-Marot rings
and C-rings under various ring extensions.


title: Tunable circular dichroism due to the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals

abstract:
  Weyl semimetals are a three dimensional gapless topological phase in which
bands intersect at arbitrary points -- the Weyl nodes -- in the Brillouin zone.
These points carry a topological quantum number known as the \emph{chirality}
and always appear in pairs of opposite chiralities. The notion of chirality
leads to anomalous non-conservation of chiral charge, known as the \emph{chiral
anomaly}, according to which charge can be pumped between Weyl nodes of
opposite chiralities by an electromagnetic field with non-zero
$\boldsymbol{E}\cdot\boldsymbol{B}$. Here, we propose probing the chiral
anomaly by measuring the optical activity of Weyl semimetals via circular
dichroism. In particular, we observe that applying such an electromagnetic
field on this state gives it a non-zero gyrotropic coefficient or a Hall-like
conductivity, which may be detectable by routine circular dichroism
experiments. This method also serves as a diagnostic tool to discriminate
between Weyl and Dirac semimetals; the latter will give a null result. More
generally, any experiment that probes a bulk correlation function that has the
same symmetries as the gyrotropic coefficient can detect the chiral anomaly as
well as differentiate between Dirac and Weyl semimetals.


title: Identities of symmetry for higher-order q-Bernoulli polynomials

abstract:
  Recently, the higher-order Carlitz's q-Bernoulli polynomials are represented
as q-Volkenborn integral on Zp by Kim. A question was asked in [13] as to
finding the extended formulaeof symmetries for Bernoulli polynomials which are
related to Carlitz q-Bernoulli polynomials. In this paper, we give some new
identities of symmetry for the higher-order Carlitz q-Bernoulli polynomials
whch are derived from multivariate q-Volkenborn integrals on Zp. We note that
they are a partial answer to that question.
  .


title:
On the internal approach to differential equations 1. The involutiveness
  and standard basis

abstract:
  The article treats the geometrical theory of partial differential equations
in the absolute sense, i.e., without any additional structures and especially
without any preferred choice of independent and dependent variables. The
equations are subject to arbitrary transformations of variables in the widest
possible sense. In this preparatory Part 1, the involutivity and the related
standard bases are investigated as a technical tool within the framework of
commutative algebra. The particular case of ordinary differential equations is
briefly mentioned in order to demonstrate the strength of this approach in the
study of the structure, symmetries and constrained variational integrals under
the simplifying condition of one independent variable. In full generality,
these topics will be investigated in subsequent Parts of this article.


title:
Origin and Loss of nebula-captured hydrogen envelopes from "sub"- to
  "super-Earths" in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars

abstract:
  We investigate the origin and loss of captured hydrogen envelopes from
protoplanets between `sub-Earth'-like bodies of 0.1$M_{\oplus}$ up to
`super-Earths' with 5$M_{\oplus}$ in the HZ of a Sun like G star, assuming
their rocky cores had formed before the nebula dissipated. We model the
gravitational accumulation of nebula gas around a core as a function of
protoplanetary luminosity during accretion and calculate the resulting surface
temperature by solving the hydrostatic structure equations for the
protoplanetary nebula. Depending on nebular properties and resulting
luminosities, for planetary bodies of 0.1--1$M_{\oplus}$ we obtain hydrogen
envelopes with masses between $\sim 2.5\times 10^{19}$--$1.5\times 10^{26}$ g.
For `super-Earths' with masses between 2--5$M_{\oplus}$ hydrogen envelopes
within the mass range of $\sim 7.5\times 10^{23}$--$1.5\times 10^{28}$ g can be
captured. To study the escape of these hydrogen-dominated protoatmospheres, we
apply a hydrodynamic upper atmosphere model and calculate the loss rates due to
the heating by the high XUV flux of the young star. Our results indicate that
under most nebula conditions `sub-Earth' and Earth-mass planets can lose their
envelopes by thermal escape during the first $100$ Myr after the disk
dissipated. However, if a nebula has a low dust depletion factor or low
accretion rates resulting in low protoplanetary luminosities, it is possible
that even protoplanets with Earth-mass cores may keep their hydrogen envelopes
during their whole lifetime. In contrast to lower mass protoplanets,
`super-Earths' accumulate a huge amount of nebula gas and lose only tiny
fractions of their primordial envelopes. Our results agree with the fact that
Venus, Earth, and Mars are not surrounded by dense hydrogen envelopes, as well
as with the recent discoveries of low density `super-Earths' that most likely
could not get rid of their protoatmospheres.


title:
On the $L^2-$Poincar\'e duality for incomplete riemannian manifolds: a
  general construction with applications

abstract:
  Let $(M,g)$ be an open, oriented and incomplete riemannian manifold of
dimension $m$. Under some general conditions we show that it is possible to
build a Hilbert complex $(L^2\Omega^i(M,g),d_{\mathfrak{M},i})$ such that its
cohomology groups, labeled with $H^i_{2,\mathfrak{M}}(M,g)$, satisfy the
following properties: \begin{itemize} \item
$H^i_{2,\mathfrak{M}}(M,g)=ker(d_{max,i})/\im(d_{min,i})$ \item
$H^i_{2,\mathfrak{M}}(M,g)\cong H^{m-i}_{2,\mathfrak{M}}(M,g)$ (Poincar\'e
duality holds) \end{itemize} Finally in the rest of the paper we study some
properties of this complex with particular attention to the sufficient
conditions which make it a Fredholm complex.


title: Is toric duality a Seiberg-like duality in (2+1)-d ?

abstract:
  We show that not all $(2+1)$ dimensional toric phases are Seiberg-like duals.
Particularly, we work out superconformal indices for the toric phases of Fanos
${\cal{C}}_3$, ${\cal{C}}_5$ and ${\cal{B}}_2$. We find that the indices for
the two toric phases of Fano ${\cal{B}}_2$ do not match, which implies that
they are not Seiberg-like duals. We also take the route of acting Seiberg-like
duality transformation on toric quiver Chern-Simons theories to obtain dual
quivers. We study two examples and show that Seiberg-like dual quivers are not
always toric quivers.


title:
Design of novel architectures and field programmable gate arrays
  implementation of two dimensional gaussian surround function

abstract:
  A new design and novel architecture suitable for FPGA/ASIC implementation of
a 2D Gaussian surround function for image processing application is presented
in this paper. The proposed scheme results in enormous savings of memory
normally required for 2D Gaussian function implementation. In the present work,
the Gaussian symmetric characteristics which quickly falls off toward
plus/minus infinity has been used in order to save the memory. The 2D Gaussian
function implementation is presented for use in applications such as image
enhancement, smoothing, edge detection and filtering etc. The FPGA
implementation of the proposed 2D Gaussian function is capable of processing
(blurring, smoothing, and convolution) high resolution color pictures of size
up to $1600\times1200$ pixels at the real time video rate of 30 frames/sec. The
Gaussian design exploited here has been used in the core part of retinex based
color image enhancement. Therefore, the design presented produces Gaussian
output with three different scales, namely, 16, 64 and 128. The design was
coded in Verilog, a popular hardware design language used in industries,
conforming to RTL coding guidelines and fits onto a single chip with a gate
count utilization of 89,213 gates. Experimental results presented confirms that
the proposed method offers a new approach for development of large sized
Gaussian pyramid while reducing the on-chip memory utilization.


title:
A class of nonperturbative nonlinear covariant gauges in Yang-Mills
  theories

abstract:
  We report on the recent proposal of a class of nonlinear covariant gauges
that can be formulated as an extremization procedure which admits a simple
discretization well-suited to numerical minimization techniques. This class of
gauges is continuously connected to the Landau gauge and, in the ultraviolet,
where one can ignore Gribov ambiguities, it reduces to the
Curci-Ferrari-Delbourgo-Jarvis gauges.


title: The "sugar" coarse-grained DNA model

abstract:
  More than twenty coarse-grained (CG) DNA models have been developed for
simulating the behavior of this molecule under various conditions, including
those required for nanotechnology. However, none of these models reproduces the
DNA polymorphism associated with conformational changes in the ribose rings of
the DNA backbone. These changes make an essential contribution to the DNA local
deformability and provide the possibility of the transition of the DNA double
helix from the B-form to the A-form during interactions with biological
molecules. We propose a CG representation of the ribose conformational
flexibility. We substantiate the choice of the CG sites (6 per nucleotide)
needed for the "sugar" GC DNA model, and obtain the potentials of the CG
interactions between the sites by the "bottom-up" approach using the all-atom
AMBER force field. We show that the representation of the ribose flexibility
requires one non-harmonic and one three-particle potential, the forms of both
the potentials being different from the ones generally used. The model also
includes (i) explicit representation of ions (in an implicit solvent) and (ii)
sequence dependence. With these features, the sugar CG DNA model reproduces
(with the same parameters) both the B- and A- stable forms under corresponding
conditions and demonstrates both the A to B and the B to A phase transitions.


title: A variational Bayes framework for sparse adaptive estimation

abstract:
  Recently, a number of mostly $\ell_1$-norm regularized least squares type
deterministic algorithms have been proposed to address the problem of
\emph{sparse} adaptive signal estimation and system identification. From a
Bayesian perspective, this task is equivalent to maximum a posteriori
probability estimation under a sparsity promoting heavy-tailed prior for the
parameters of interest. Following a different approach, this paper develops a
unifying framework of sparse \emph{variational Bayes} algorithms that employ
heavy-tailed priors in conjugate hierarchical form to facilitate posterior
inference. The resulting fully automated variational schemes are first
presented in a batch iterative form. Then it is shown that by properly
exploiting the structure of the batch estimation task, new sparse adaptive
variational Bayes algorithms can be derived, which have the ability to impose
and track sparsity during real-time processing in a time-varying environment.
The most important feature of the proposed algorithms is that they completely
eliminate the need for computationally costly parameter fine-tuning, a
necessary ingredient of sparse adaptive deterministic algorithms. Extensive
simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new
sparse variational Bayes algorithms against state-of-the-art deterministic
techniques for adaptive channel estimation. The results show that the proposed
algorithms are numerically robust and exhibit in general superior estimation
performance compared to their deterministic counterparts.


title: Stability of degenerate parabolic Cauchy problems

abstract:
  We prove that solutions to Cauchy problems related to the $p$-parabolic
equations are stable with respect to the nonlinearity exponent $p$. More
specifically, solutions with a fixed initial trace converge in an $L^q$-space
to a solution of the limit problem as $p>2$ varies.


title:
On the non-detection of gamma-rays from energetic millisecond pulsars --
  dependence on viewing geometry

abstract:
  Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) and normal non-recycled pulsars are both detected
in $\gamma$-rays. However, it appears that a much larger fraction of known
energetic and nearby MSPs are detected in $\gamma$-rays, in comparison with
normal pulsars, thereby making undetected $\gamma$-ray MSPs exceptions. In this
paper, we demonstrate that the viewing angles (i.e. between the pulsar spin
axis and the line of sight) are well described by the orbital inclination
angles which, for binary MSPs with helium white dwarf companions, can be
determined using the relationship between the orbital period and the white
dwarf mass. We use the predicted viewing angles, in complement with values
obtained from other constraints when available, to identify the causes of
non-detection of energetic and nearby MSPs from the point of view of beaming
geometry and orientation. We find evidence for slightly different viewing angle
distributions, and postulate that energetic and nearby MSPs are mainly
undetected in $\gamma$-rays simply because they are seen under unfavourable
(i.e. small) viewing angles. We finally discuss the magnetic fields of
$\gamma$-ray detected pulsars and show that pulsars which are efficient at
converting their rotational energy into $\gamma$-ray emission may have
overestimated dipolar magnetic field strengths.


title: Exact Optimized-cost Repair in Multi-hop Distributed Storage Networks

abstract:
  The problem of exact repair of a failed node in multi-hop networked
distributed storage systems is considered. Contrary to the most of the current
studies which model the repair process by the direct links from surviving nodes
to the new node, the repair is modeled by considering the multi-hop network
structure, and taking into account that there might not exist direct links from
all the surviving nodes to the new node. In the repair problem of these
systems, surviving nodes may cooperate to transmit the repair traffic to the
new node. In this setting, we define the total number of packets transmitted
between nodes as repair-cost. A lower bound of the repaircost can thus be found
by cut-set bound analysis. In this paper, we show that the lower bound of the
repair-cost is achievable for the exact repair of MDS codes in tandem and grid
networks, thus resulting in the minimum-cost exact MDS codes. Further, two
suboptimal (achievable) bounds for the large scale grid networks are proposed.


title: Suppression of Quantum Corrections by Classical Backgrounds

abstract:
  We use heat-kernel techniques in order to compute the one-loop effective
action in the cubic Galileon theory for a background that realizes the
Vainshtein mechanism. We find that the UV divergences are suppressed relative
to the predictions of standard perturbation theory at length scales below the
Vainshtein radius.


title: Zeros distribution of gaussian entire functions

abstract:
  In this paper we consider a random entire function of the form $f(z,\omega
)=\sum\nolimits_{n=0}^{+\infty}\xi_n(\omega )a_nz^n,$ where $\xi_n(\omega )$
are independent standard\break complex gaussian random variables and
$a_n\in\mathbb{C}$ satisfy the relations\break
$\varlimsup\limits_{n\to+\infty}\sqrt[n]{|a_n|}=0$ and $ \#\{n\colon
a_n\neq0\}=+\infty.$ We investigate asymptotic properties of the probability
$P_0(r)=P\{\omega\colon f(z,\omega )$ has no zeros inside $r\mathbb{D}\}.$
Denote $ p_0(r)=\ln^-P_0(r),\ N(r)=\#\{n\colon \ln (|a_n|r^n)>0\},$ $
s(r)=\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty}\ln^+(|a_n|r^{n}). $ Assuming that $a_0\neq0$ we prove
that $ 0\leq\varliminf_{r\to+\infty,\ r\notin E}\frac{\ln(p_0(r)- s(r))}{\ln
s(r)},\ \varlimsup_{r\to+\infty,\ r\notin E}\frac{\ln(p_0(r)- s(r))}{\ln
s(r)}\leq\frac12, $ $
  \lim\limits_{r\to+\infty,\ r\notin E}\frac{\ln(p_0(r)- s(r))}{\ln N(r)}=1. $
where $E$ is a set of finite logarithmic measure. Remark that the previous
inequalities are sharp. Also we give an answer to open question from \cite[p.
119]{nishry 5}.


title: Evidence of electric breakdown induced by bubbles in liquid argon

abstract:
  We report on the results of a high voltage test in liquid argon in order to
measure its dielectric rigidity. Under stable conditions and below the boiling
point, liquid argon was found to sustain a uniform electric field of 100 kV/cm,
applied in a region of 20 cm$^2$ area across 1 cm thick gap. When the liquid is
boiling, breakdowns may occur at electric fields as low as 40 kV/cm. This test
is one of the R&D efforts towards the Giant Liquid Argon Charge Imaging
ExpeRiment (GLACIER) as proposed Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC)
for the LBNO observatory for neutrino physics, astrophysics and nucleon decay
searches.


title:
Patents as Instruments for Exploring Innovation Dynamics: Geographic and
  Technological Perspectives on "Photovoltaic Cells"

abstract:
  The dynamics of innovation are nonlinear and complex: geographical,
technological, and economic selection environments can be expected to interact.
Can patents provide an analytical lens to this process in terms of different
attributes such as inventor addresses, classification codes, backward and
forward citations, etc.? Two recently developed patent maps with interactive
overlay techniques--Google Maps and maps based on citation relations among
International Patent Classifications (IPC)--are elaborated into dynamic
versions that allow for online animations and comparisons by using split
screens. Various forms of animation are explored. The recently developed
Cooperative Patent Classifications (CPC) of the U.S. Patent and Trade Office
(USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO) provide new options for a precise
delineation of samples in both USPTO data and the Worldwide Patent Statistics
Database (PatStat) of EPO. Among the "technologies for the mitigation of
climate change" (class Y02), we zoom in on nine material technologies for
photovoltaic cells; and focus on one of them (CuInSe2) as a lead case. The
longitudinal development of Rao-Stirling diversity in the IPC-based maps
provides a heuristics for studying technological generations during the period
under study (1975-2012). The sequencing of generations prevails in USPTO data
more than in PatStat data because PatStat aggregates patent information from
countries in different stages of technological development, whereas one can
expect USPTO patents to be competitive at the technological edge.


title:
Simulation studies of hadron energy resolution as a function of iron
  plate thickness at INO-ICAL

abstract:
  We report on a detailed simulation study of the hadron energy resolution as a
function of the thickness of the absorber plates for the proposed Iron
Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). We
compare the hadron resolutions obtained with absorber thicknesses in the range
1.5--8 cm for neutrino interactions in the energy range 2--15 GeV, which is
relevant to hadron production in atmospheric neutrino interactions. We find
that at lower energies, the thickness dependence of energy resolution is
steeper than at higher energies, however there is a thickness-independent
contribution that dominates at the lower thicknesses discussed in this work. As
a result, the gain in hadron energy resolution with decreasing plate thickness
is marginal. We present the results in the form of fits to a function with
energy-dependent exponent.


title:
Equivalence between Poly\'a-Szeg\H{o} and relative capacity inequalities
  under rearrangement

abstract:
  The transformations of functions acting on sublevel sets that satisfy a
P\'olya-Szeg\H{o} inequality are characterized as those being induced by
transformations of sets that do not increase the associated capacity.


title:
When and why are principal component scores a good tool for visualizing
  high-dimensional data?

abstract:
  Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique
often used to visualize high-dimensional data structures. In genomics, this can
involve millions of variables, but only tens to hundreds of observations.
Theoretically, such extreme high-dimensionality will cause biased or
inconsistent eigenvector estimates, but in practice the principal component
scores are used for visualization with great success. In this paper, we explore
when and why the classical principal component scores can be used to visualize
structures in high-dimensional data, even when there are few observations
compared to the number of variables. Our argument is two-fold: First, we argue
that eigenvectors related to pervasive signals will have eigenvalues scaling
linearly with the number of variables. Second, we prove that for linearly
increasing eigenvalues, the sample component scores will be scaled and rotated
versions of the population scores, asymptotically. Thus the visual information
of the sample scores will be unchanged, even though the sample eigenvectors are
biased. In the case of pervasive signals, the principal component scores can be
used to visualize the population structures, even in extreme high-dimensional
situations.


title: Participant: A New Concept for Optimally Assisting the Elder People

abstract:
  Elder people are becoming a predominant aspect of our societies. As such,
solutions both efficacious and cost-effective need to be sought. The approach
pursued so far to solve this problem used to increase the number of people
working in the health sector, e.g. doctors, nurses, etc. This increases the
costs, which is becoming a big burden for countries. In this paper we propose a
new concept in the health management of elder people, which we name as
"participant". We propose the "participant" concept to encourage elder people
to participate in those group activities that they are able to. Their roles in
these activities are not passively requesting help, but actively participating
to some healthcare processes. Characteristics of the participant approach are
that medical resources are efficiently spared with this model, and the social
network of the elder people is kept. A "virtual community" for mutual
assistance is set up in this paper, and the simulations demonstrate that the
"participant" model could fully utilize the community resources. Furthermore,
the psychological health of the elder people will be improved.


title:
Functionals of spatial point processes having a density with respect to
  the Poisson process

abstract:
  U-statistics of spatial point processes given by a density with respect to a
Poisson process are investigated. In the first half of the paper general
relations are derived for the moments of the functionals using kernels from the
Wiener-Ito chaos expansion. In the second half we obtain more explicit results
for a system of U-statistics of some parametric models in stochastic geometry.
In the logaritmic form functionals are connected to Gibbs models. There is an
inequality between moments of Poisson and non-Poisson functionals in this case,
and we have a version of the central limit theorem in the Poisson case.


title: WASP-103b: a new planet at the edge of tidal disruption

abstract:
  We report the discovery of WASP-103b, a new ultra-short-period planet (P=22.2
hr) transiting a 12.1 V-magnitude F8-type main-sequence star (1.22+-0.04 Msun,
1.44-0.03+0.05 Rsun, Teff = 6110+-160 K). WASP-103b is significantly more
massive (1.49+-0.09 Mjup) and larger (1.53-0.07+0.05 Rjup) than Jupiter. Its
large size and extreme irradiation (around 9 10^9 erg/s/cm^2) make it an
exquisite target for a thorough atmospheric characterization with existing
facilities. Furthermore, its orbital distance is less than 20% larger than its
Roche radius, meaning that it might be significantly distorted by tides and
might experience mass loss through Roche-lobe overflow. It thus represents a
new key object for understanding the last stage of the tidal evolution of hot
Jupiters.


title: The Average Size and Temperature Profile of Quasar Accretion Disks

abstract:
  We use multi-wavelength microlensing measurements of a sample of 10 image
pairs from 8 lensed quasars to study the structure of their accretion disks. By
using spectroscopy or narrow band photometry we have been able to remove
contamination from the weakly microlensed broad emission lines, extinction and
any uncertainties in the large-scale macro magnification of the lens model. We
determine a maximum likelihood estimate for the exponent of the size versus
wavelength scaling ($r_s\propto \lambda^p$ corresponding to a disk temperature
profile of $T\propto r^{-1/p}$) of $p=0.75^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$, and a Bayesian
estimate of $p=0.8\pm0.2$, which are significantly smaller than the prediction
of thin disk theory ($p=4/3$). We have also obtained a maximum likelihood
estimate for the average quasar accretion disk size of $r_s=4.5^{+1.5}_{-1.2} $
lt-day at a rest frame wavelength of $\lambda = 1026~{\mathrm \AA}$ for
microlenses with a mean mass of $M=1 M_\sun$, in agreement with previous
results, and larger than expected from thin disk theory.


title:
A frequency-independent boundary element method for scattering by
  two-dimensional screens and apertures

abstract:
  We propose and analyse a hybrid numerical-asymptotic $hp$ boundary element
method for time-harmonic scattering of an incident plane wave by an arbitrary
collinear array of sound-soft two-dimensional screens. Our method uses an
approximation space enriched with oscillatory basis functions, chosen to
capture the high frequency asymptotics of the solution. We provide a rigorous
frequency-explicit error analysis which proves that the method converges
exponentially as the number of degrees of freedom $N$ increases, and that to
achieve any desired accuracy it is sufficient to increase $N$ in proportion to
the square of the logarithm of the frequency as the frequency increases
(standard boundary element methods require $N$ to increase at least linearly
with frequency to retain accuracy). Our numerical results suggest that fixed
accuracy can in fact be achieved at arbitrarily high frequencies with a
frequency-independent computational cost, when the oscillatory integrals
required for implementation are computed using Filon quadrature. We also show
how our method can be applied to the complementary "breakwater" problem of
propagation through an aperture in an infinite sound-hard screen.


title: On the Conjectures Regarding the 4-Point Atiyah Determinant

abstract:
  For the case of 4 points in Euclidean space, we present a computer aided
proof of Conjectures II and III made by Atiyah and Sutcliffe regarding Atiyah's
determinant along with an elegant factorization of the square of the imaginary
part of Atiyah's determinant.


title: Shape derivatives for minima of integral functionals

abstract:
  For $\Omega$ varying among open bounded sets in ${\mathbb R} ^n$, we consider
shape functionals $J (\Omega)$ defined as the infimum over a Sobolev space of
an integral energy of the kind $\int _\Omega[ f (\nabla u) + g (u) ]$, under
Dirichlet or Neumann conditions on $\partial \Omega$. Under fairly weak
assumptions on the integrands $f$ and $g$, we prove that, when a given domain
$\Omega$ is deformed into a one-parameter family of domains $\Omega
_\varepsilon$ through an initial velocity field $V\in W ^ {1, \infty} ({\mathbb
R} ^n, {\mathbb R} ^n)$, the corresponding shape derivative of $J$ at $\Omega$
in the direction of $V$ exists. Under some further regularity assumptions, we
show that the shape derivative can be represented as a boundary integral
depending linearly on the normal component of $V$ on $\partial \Omega$. Our
approach to obtain the shape derivative is new, and it is based on the joint
use of Convex Analysis and Gamma-convergence techniques. It allows to deduce,
as a companion result, optimality conditions in the form of conservation laws.


title: Some algebraic differential equations with few meromorphic solutions

abstract:
  A special class of autonomous algebraic differential equations is studied. No
equations in the class have any entire transcendental solutions. In a sense,
for almost all equations in the class, transcendental meromorphic solutions can
also be excluded. With substantially fewer exceptional equations,
transcendental solutions are either elliptic or of the form f(z) = g(exp(cz))
with g rational and c constant.


title:
The isomorphism problem for profinite completions of residually finite
  groups

abstract:
  We consider pairs of finitely presented, residually finite groups
$u:P\hookrightarrow \Gamma$. We prove that there is no algorithm that, given an
arbitrary such pair, can determine whether or not the associated map of
profinite completions $\hat{u}: \widehat{P} \to \widehat{\Gamma}$ is an
isomorphism. Nor do there exist algorithms that can decide whether $\hat{u}$ is
surjective, or whether $\widehat{P}$ is isomorphic to $\widehat{\Gamma}$.


title:
The Progressive Proposal Particle Filter: Better Approximations to the
  Optimal Importance Density

abstract:
  The crucial step in designing a particle filter for a particular application
is the choice of importance density. The optimal scheme is to use the
conditional posterior density of the state, but this cannot be sampled or
calculated analytically in most case. In practice, approximations of this
density are used, particularly Gaussian densities based on linearisation or the
unscented transform. For many highly nonlinear or non-Gaussian models, these
approximations can be poor, leading to degeneracy of the particle approximation
or even the filter "losing track" completely. In this paper, we develop a new
mechanism for approximating the optimal importance density, which we call the
progressive proposal method. This works by introducing the observation
progressively and performing a series of state updates, each using a local
Gaussian approximation to the optimal importance density. A number of
refinements and extensions to the basic algorithm are also introduced.
Simulations are used to demonstrate an improvement in performance over simpler
particle filters on a number of applications.


title:
Asymptotic behavior and distributional limits of preferential attachment
  graphs

abstract:
  We give an explicit construction of the weak local limit of a class of
preferential attachment graphs. This limit contains all local information and
allows several computations that are otherwise hard, for example, joint degree
distributions and, more generally, the limiting distribution of subgraphs in
balls of any given radius $k$ around a random vertex in the preferential
attachment graph. We also establish the finite-volume corrections which give
the approach to the limit.


title: A Dynamical Investigation of the Proposed BD +20 2457 System

abstract:
  We present a detailed dynamical analysis of the orbital stability of the BD
+20 2457 system, which features planets or brown dwarfs moving on relatively
eccentric orbits. We find that the system exhibits strong dynamical instability
on astronomically short timescales across a wide range of plausible orbital
eccentricities, semi-major axes, and inclinations. If the system truly hosts
massive planets or brown dwarfs, our results suggest that they must move on
orbits significantly different to those proposed in the discovery work. If that
is indeed the case, then it is likely that the best-fit orbital solutions for
the proposed companions will change markedly as future observations are made.
Such observations may result in the solution shifting to a more
dynamically-stable regime, potentially one where stability is ensured by
mutually resonant motion.


title: On Binomial Ideals associated to Linear Codes

abstract:
  Recently, it was shown that a binary linear code can be associated to a
binomial ideal given as the sum of a toric ideal and a non-prime ideal. Since
then two different generalizations have been provided which coincide for the
binary case. In this paper, we establish some connections between the two
approaches. In particular, we show that the corresponding code ideals are
related by elimination. Finally, a new heuristic decoding method for linear
codes over prime fields is discussed using Gr\"obner bases.


title:
Perfect preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy defects in a
  synthetic diamond sample

abstract:
  We show that the orientation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects in diamond can
be efficiently controlled through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth on a
(111)-oriented diamond substrate. More precisely, we demonstrate that
spontaneously generated NV defects are oriented with a ~ 97 % probability along
the [111] axis, corresponding to the most appealing orientation among the four
possible crystallographic axes. Such a nearly perfect preferential orientation
is explained by analyzing the diamond growth mechanism on a (111)-oriented
substrate and could be extended to other types of defects. This work is a
significant step towards the design of optimized diamond samples for quantum
information and sensing applications.


title: Degeneration of the modified diagonal cycle

abstract:
  In this note, we revisit the modified diagonal cycle of Gross and Schoen. We
look at degenerations of this cycle, induced by a degeneration of the curve C,
and explain how the specialization map with respect to the central fiber
produces a higher Chow cycle. When C is non-hyperelliptic of genus three, and
degenerates to a nodal curve, the degeneration of the cycle corresponds to an
indecomposable higher Chow cycle on a curve of genus two.


title:
Exit probability in inflow dynamics: nonuniversality induced by range,
  asymmetry and fluctuation

abstract:
  Probing deeper into the existing issues regarding the exit probability (EP)
in one dimensional dynamical models, we consider several models where the
states are represented by Ising spins and the information flows inwards. At
zero temperature, these systems evolve to either of two absorbing states. The
exit probability $E(x)$, which is the probability that the system ends up with
all spins up starting with $x$ fraction of up spins is found to have the
general form $E(x) = x^\alpha/\left[x^\alpha + (1-x)^\alpha\right]$. The exit
probability exponent $\alpha$ strongly depends on $r$, the range of
interaction, the symmetry of the model and the induced fluctuation. Even in a
nearest neighbour model, nonlinear form of EP can be obtained by controlling
the fluctuations and for the same range, different models give different
results for $\alpha$. Non-universal behaviour of the exit probability is thus
clearly established and the results are compared to existing studies in models
with outflow dynamics to distinguish the two dynamical scenarios.


title:
Large deviations for a fractional stochastic heat equation in spatial
  dimension $\mathbb{R}^d$ driven by a spatially correlated noise

abstract:
  In this paper we study the Large Deviation Principle (LDP in abbreviation)
for a class of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) in the whole
space $\mathbb{R}^d$, with arbitrary dimension $d\geq 1$, under random
influence which is a Gaussian noise, white in time and correlated in space. The
differential operator is a fractional derivative operator. We prove a large
deviations principle for our equation, using a weak convergence approach based
on a variational representation of functionals of infinite-dimensional Brownian
motion. This approach reduces the proof of LDP to establishing basic
qualitative properties for controlled analogues of the original stochastic
system.


title:
Radially Polarized, Half-Cycle, Attosecond Pulses from Laser Wakefields
  through Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

abstract:
  Attosecond bursts of coherent synchrotron-like radiation are found when
driving ultrathin relativistic electron disks in a quasi-one-dimensional regime
of wakefield acceleration, in which the laser waist is larger than the wake
wavelength. The disks of overcritical density shrink radially due to the
focusing wake fields, thus providing the transverse currents for the emission
of an intense, radially polarized, half-cycle pulse of about 100 attoseconds in
duration. The electromagnetic pulse first focuses to a peak intensity 10 times
larger ($7\times10^{20}\rm W/cm^2$) than the driving pulse and then emerges as
a conical beam. Saturation of the emission amplitudes is derived analytically
and in agreement with particle-in-cell simulation. By making use of gas targets
instead of solids to form the ultrathin disks, the new scheme allows for high
repetition rate required for applications.


title: Phase Reduction Method for Strongly Perturbed Limit Cycle Oscillators

abstract:
  The phase reduction method for limit cycle oscillators subjected to weak
perturbations has significantly contributed to theoretical investigations of
rhythmic phenomena. We here propose a generalized phase reduction method that
is also applicable to strongly perturbed limit cycle oscillators. The
fundamental assumption of our method is that the perturbations can be
decomposed into a slowly varying component as compared to the amplitude
relaxation time and remaining weak fluctuations. Under this assumption, we
introduce a generalized phase parameterized by the slowly varying component and
derive a closed equation for the generalized phase describing the oscillator
dynamics. The proposed method enables us to explore a broader class of rhythmic
phenomena, in which the shape and frequency of the oscillation may vary largely
because of the perturbations. We illustrate our method by analyzing the
synchronization dynamics of limit cycle oscillators driven by strong periodic
signals. It is shown that the proposed method accurately predicts the
synchronization properties of the oscillators, while the conventional method
does not.

categories: nlin.PS cond-mat.dis-nn nlin.AO nlin.CD physics.bio-ph


title:
Segregation of the Eu impurity as function of its concentration in the
  melt for growing of the lead telluride doped crystals by the Bridgman method

abstract:
  Behaviour of a rare earth impurity of Eu in the PbTe single crystals grown by
the Bridgman method from the melt with different initial concentrations of
impurity N about 1*10+19 cm-3 and less is investigated with X-ray fluorescent
element analysis, Secondary Neutral Mass Spectroscopy (SNMS), and magnetic
measurements. The impurity distributions along and across the doped ingots are
established. It is revealed that doping impurity enters into the bulk of doped
crystals only if its initial concentration in the melt is high enough,
approximately 1*10+20 cm-3. If this concentration is lower, about 1*10+19 cm-3
and less, the doping Eu impurity is pushed out onto the surface of doped ingot.
The thickness of the doped surface layer is estimated to be in the order of
several microns or somewhat more. The longitudinal distributions of Eu impurity
along the axis of doped ingot for N=1*10+20 cm-3, as well as the transverse one
in the surface layer where entire doping impurity is pushed out for N=1*10+19
cm-3, are strongly non-monotonic. Possible reasons for this unusual behaviour
of Eu doping impurity during the growth of PbTe:Eu crystals from the melt are
analyzed.


title:
Large deviations of the trajectory of empirical distributions of Feller
  processes on locally compact spaces

abstract:
  We study the large deviation behaviour of the trajectories of empirical
distributions of independent copies of time-homogeneous Feller processes on
locally compact metric spaces. Under the condition that we can find a suitable
core for the generator of the Feller process, we are able to define a notion of
absolutely continuous trajectories of measures in terms of some topology on
this core. Also, we define a Hamiltonian in terms of the linear generator and a
Lagrangian as its Legendre transform.
  We prove the large deviation principle and show that the rate function can be
decomposed as a rate function for the initial time and an integral over the
Lagrangian, finite only for absolutely continuous trajectories of measures.
  We apply this result for diffusion and L\'evy processes on R^d, for pure jump
processes with bounded jump kernel on arbitrary locally compact spaces and for
discrete interacting particle systems. For diffusion processes, the theorem
partly extends the Dawson and G\"artner theorem for non-interacting copies in
the sense that it only holds for time-homogeneous processes, but on the other
hand it holds for processes with degenerate diffusion matrix.


title:
On the maximum energy of shock-accelerated cosmic rays at
  ultra-relativistic shocks

abstract:
  The maximum energy to which cosmic rays can be accelerated at
weakly-magnetised ultra-relativistic shocks is investigated. We demonstrate
that for such shocks, in which the scattering of energetic particles is
mediated exclusively by ion skin-depth scale structures, as might be expected
for a Weibel-mediated shock, there is an intrinsic limit on the maximum energy
to which particles can be accelerated. This maximum energy is determined from
the requirement that particles must be isotropised in the downstream plasma
frame before the mean field transports them far downstream, and falls
considerably short of what is required to produce ultra-high-energy cosmic
rays. To circumvent this limit, a highly disorganised field is required on
larger scales. The growth of cosmic-ray induced instabilities on wavelengths
much longer than the ion-plasma skin depth, both upstream and downstream of the
shock, is considered. While these instabilities may play an important role in
magnetic field amplification at relativistic shocks, on scales comparable to
the gyroradius of the most energetic particles, the calculated growth-rates
have insufficient time to modify the scattering. Since strong modification is a
necessary condition for particles in the downstream region to re-cross the
shock, in the absence of an alternative scattering mechanism, these results
imply that acceleration to higher energies is ruled out. If weakly-magnetised
ultra-relativistic shocks are disfavoured as high energy particle accelerators
in general, the search for potential sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
can be narrowed.


title:
Insights into analysis operator learning: From patch-based sparse models
  to higher-order MRFs

abstract:
  This paper addresses a new learning algorithm for the recently introduced
co-sparse analysis model. First, we give new insights into the co-sparse
analysis model by establishing connections to filter-based MRF models, such as
the Field of Experts (FoE) model of Roth and Black. For training, we introduce
a technique called bi-level optimization to learn the analysis operators.
Compared to existing analysis operator learning approaches, our training
procedure has the advantage that it is unconstrained with respect to the
analysis operator. We investigate the effect of different aspects of the
co-sparse analysis model and show that the sparsity promoting function (also
called penalty function) is the most important factor in the model. In order to
demonstrate the effectiveness of our training approach, we apply our trained
models to various classical image restoration problems. Numerical experiments
show that our trained models clearly outperform existing analysis operator
learning approaches and are on par with state-of-the-art image denoising
algorithms. Our approach develops a framework that is intuitive to understand
and easy to implement.


title:
Acoustic scattering by fractal screens: mathematical formulations and
  wavenumber-explicit continuity and coercivity estimates

abstract:
  We consider time-harmonic acoustic scattering by planar sound-soft
(Dirichlet) and sound-hard (Neumann) screens. In contrast to previous studies,
in which the domain occupied by the screen is assumed to be Lipschitz or
smoother, we consider screens occupying an arbitrary bounded open set in the
plane. Thus our study includes cases where the closure of the domain occupied
by the screen has larger planar Lebesgue measure than the screen, as can
happen, for example, when the screen has a fractal boundary. We show how to
formulate well-posed boundary value problems for such scattering problems, our
arguments depending on results on the coercivity of the acoustic single-layer
and hypersingular boundary integral operators, and on properties of Sobolev
spaces on general open sets which appear to be new. Our analysis teases out the
explicit wavenumber dependence of the continuity and coercivity constants of
the boundary integral operators, viewed as mappings between fractional Sobolev
spaces, this in part extending previous results of Ha-Duong. We also consider
the complementary problem of propagation through a bounded aperture in an
infinite planar screen.


title:
Phase transitions in the domain structure of ferromagnetic
  superconductors

abstract:
  Starting from the London - type model we study the domain structures in
ferromagnetic superconductors taking account of the nucleation of vortices and
antivortices coupled to the magnetic texture. We predict that the coupling
between domains and vortices results in the formation of two energetically
favorable domain configurations: (i) a Meissner - type vortex free
configuration with strong domain shrinking and (ii) a more rare domain
configuration with a dense vortex -- antivortex lattice. The switching between
these configurations is shown to result in the first order phase transitions
which could be observable in superconducting uranium based compounds.


title: Thermalization in backgrounds with hyperscaling violating factor

abstract:
  We present an analytic solution of a Vaidya-charged black hole with a
hyperscaling violating factor in an Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model, where the
scalar potential plays a key role in the existence of the solution. By making
use of this result, we study the process of thermalization after a global
quench in a theory which its gravitational description is provided by the
resultant solution in the case of zero charge. In particular, we probe the
system by entanglement entropy and show that it exhibits certain scaling
behaviors during the process.


title: Ramsey Functions for Generalized Progressions

abstract:
  Given positive integers $n$ and $k$, a $k$-term semi-progression of scope $m$
is a sequence $(x_1,x_2,...,x_k)$ such that $x_{j+1} - x_j \in
\{d,2d,\ldots,md\}, 1 \le j \le k-1$, for some positive integer $d$. Thus an
arithmetic progression is a semi-progression of scope $1$. Let $S_m(k)$ denote
the least integer for which every coloring of $\{1,2,...,S_m(k)\}$ yields a
monochromatic $k$-term semi-progression of scope $m$. We obtain an exponential
lower bound on $S_m(k)$ for all $m=O(1)$. Our approach also yields a marginal
improvement on the best known lower bound for the analogous Ramsey function for
quasi-progressions, which are sequences whose successive differences lie in a
small interval.


title:
On the partial fraction decomposition of the restricted partition
  generating function

abstract:
  We provide new formulas for the coefficients in the partial fraction
decomposition of the restricted partition generating function. These techniques
allow us to partially resolve a recent conjecture of Sills and Zeilberger. We
also describe upcoming work, giving a resolution to Rademacher's conjecture on
the asymptotics of these coefficients.


title: Smooth horizons and quantum ripples

abstract:
  Black Holes are unique objects which allow for meaningful theoretical studies
of strong gravity and even quantum gravity effects. An infalling and a distant
observer would have very different views on the structure of the world.
However, a careful analysis has shown that it entails no genuine contradictions
for physics, and the paradigm of observer complementarity has been coined.
Recently this picture was put into doubt. In particular, it was argued that in
old Black Holes a firewall must form in order to protect the basic principles
of quantum mechanics. This AMPS paradox has already been discussed in a vast
number of papers with different attitudes and conclusions. Here we want to
argue that a possible source of confusion is neglection of quantum gravity
effects. Contrary to widespread perception, it does not necessarily mean that
effective field theory is inapplicable in rather smooth neighbourhoods of large
Black Hole horizons. The real offender might be an attempt to consistently use
it over the huge distances from the near-horizon zone of old Black Holes to the
early radiation. We give simple estimates to support this viewpoint and show
how the Page time and (somewhat more speculative) scrambling time do appear.


title: Modules in the metabolic network of E.coli with regulatory interactions

abstract:
  We examine the modular structure of the metabolic network when combined with
the regulatory network representing direct regulation of enzymes by small
metabolites in E.coli. In order to identify the modular structure we introduce
clustering algorithm based on a novel vertex similarity measure for bipartite
graphs. We also apply a standard module identification method based on
simulated annealing. Both methods identify the same modular core each of them
with different resolution. We observe slight but still statistically
significant increase of modularity after regulatory interactions addition.
Enrichment of the metabolic network with the regulatory information leads to
identification of new functional modules, which cannot be detected in the
metabolic network only. Regulatory loops in the modules are the source of their
self-control, i.e. autonomy, and allow to make hypothesis about module
function. This study demonstrates that incorporation of regulatory information
is important component in defining functional units of the metabolic network.


title: An assessment of the concept of fragility

abstract:
  The concept of "fragility", which was introduced to characterize the degree
of super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation time and transport
coefficients, has since been taken as a key quantity that seems to correlate
with other properties of glass-forming liquids and polymers. With the goal of
assessing the usefulness and the robustness of the concept, we address here
several questions: How to best quantify fragility? How significant are the
observed differences in fragility? Is fragility connected to "cooperativity"
and collective behavior?


title:
The classification of CMC foliations of $\mathbb{R}^3$ and
  $\mathbb{S}^3$ with countably many singularities

abstract:
  In this paper we generalize the Local Removable Singularity Theorem in [16]
for minimal laminations to the case of weak $H$-laminations (with $H\in
\mathbb{R}$ constant) in a punctured ball of a Riemannian three-manifold. We
also obtain a curvature estimate for any weak CMC foliation (with possibly
varying constant mean curvature from leaf to leaf) of a compact Riemannian
three-manifold $N$ with boundary solely in terms of a bound of the absolute
sectional curvature of $N$ and of the distance to the boundary of $N$. We then
apply these results to classify weak CMC foliations of $\mathbb{R}^3$ and
$\mathbb{S}^3$ with a closed countable set of singularities.


title: Exploring the nature of collisionless shocks under laboratory conditions

abstract:
  Collisionless shocks are pervasive in astrophysics and they are critical to
understand cosmic ray acceleration. Laboratory experiments with intense lasers
are now opening the way to explore and characterise the underlying
microphysics, which determine the acceleration process of collisionless shocks.
We determine the shock character - electrostatic or electromagnetic - based on
the stability of electrostatic shocks to transverse electromagnetic
fluctuations as a function of the electron temperature and flow velocity of the
plasma components, and we compare the analytical model with particle-in-cell
simulations. By making the connection with the laser parameters driving the
plasma flows, we demonstrate that shocks with different and distinct underlying
microphysics can be explored in the laboratory with state-of-the-art laser
systems.


title:
Efficient detection of contagious outbreaks in massive metropolitan
  encounter networks

abstract:
  Physical contact remains difficult to trace in large metropolitan networks,
though it is a key vehicle for the transmission of contagious outbreaks.
Co-presence encounters during daily transit use provide us with a city-scale
time-resolved physical contact network, consisting of 1 billion contacts among
3 million transit users. Here, we study the advantage that knowledge of such
co-presence structures may provide for early detection of contagious outbreaks.
We first examine the "friend sensor" scheme --- a simple, but universal
strategy requiring only local information --- and demonstrate that it provides
significant early detection of simulated outbreaks. Taking advantage of the
full network structure, we then identify advanced "global sensor sets",
obtaining substantial early warning times savings over the friends sensor
scheme. Individuals with highest number of encounters are the most efficient
sensors, with performance comparable to individuals with the highest travel
frequency, exploratory behavior and structural centrality. An efficiency
balance emerges when testing the dependency on sensor size and evaluating
sensor reliability; we find that substantial and reliable lead-time could be
attained by monitoring only 0.01% of the population with the highest degree.


title:
Derivation of a Hele-Shaw type system from a cell model with active
  motion

abstract:
  We formulate a Hele-Shaw type free boundary problem for a tumor growing under
the combined effects of pressure forces, cell multiplication and active motion,
the latter being the novelty of the present paper. This new ingredient is
considered here as a standard diffusion process. The free boundary model is
derived from a description at the cell level using the asymptotic of a stiff
pressure limit.
  Compared to the case when active motion is neglected, the pressure satisfies
the same complementarity Hele-Shaw type formula. However, the cell density is
smoother (Lipschitz continuous), while there is a deep change in the free
boundary velocity, which is no longer given by the gradient of the pressure,
because some kind of 'mushy region' prepares the tumor invasion.


title:
A high frequency boundary element method for scattering by a class of
  nonconvex obstacles

abstract:
  In this paper we propose and analyse a hybrid numerical-asymptotic boundary
element method for the solution of problems of high frequency acoustic
scattering by a class of sound-soft nonconvex polygons. The approximation space
is enriched with carefully chosen oscillatory basis functions; these are
selected via a study of the high frequency asymptotic behaviour of the
solution. We demonstrate via a rigorous error analysis, supported by numerical
examples, that to achieve any desired accuracy it is sufficient for the number
of degrees of freedom to grow only in proportion to the logarithm of the
frequency as the frequency increases, in contrast to the at least linear growth
required by conventional methods. This appears to be the first such numerical
analysis result for any problem of scattering by a nonconvex obstacle. Our
analysis is based on new frequency-explicit bounds on the normal derivative of
the solution on the boundary and on its analytic continuation into the complex
plane.


title: Multilinear Wavelets: A Statistical Shape Space for Human Faces

abstract:
  We present a statistical model for $3$D human faces in varying expression,
which decomposes the surface of the face using a wavelet transform, and learns
many localized, decorrelated multilinear models on the resulting coefficients.
Using this model we are able to reconstruct faces from noisy and occluded $3$D
face scans, and facial motion sequences. Accurate reconstruction of face shape
is important for applications such as tele-presence and gaming. The localized
and multi-scale nature of our model allows for recovery of fine-scale detail
while retaining robustness to severe noise and occlusion, and is
computationally efficient and scalable. We validate these properties
experimentally on challenging data in the form of static scans and motion
sequences. We show that in comparison to a global multilinear model, our model
better preserves fine detail and is computationally faster, while in comparison
to a localized PCA model, our model better handles variation in expression, is
faster, and allows us to fix identity parameters for a given subject.


title: A notion of graph homeomorphism

abstract:
  We introduce a notion of graph homeomorphisms which uses the concept of
dimension and homotopy for graphs. It preserves the dimension of a subbasis,
cohomology and Euler characteristic. Connectivity and homotopy look as in
classical topology. The Brouwer-Lefshetz fixed point leads to the following
discretiszation of the Kakutani fixed point theorem: any graph homeomorphism T
with nonzero Lefschetz number has a nontrivial invariant open set which is
fixed by T.


title:
Influence of La and Mn vacancies on the electronic and magnetic
  properties of LaMnO$_{3}$ thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

abstract:
  With pulsed laser deposition we have grown c-axis oriented thin films of the
nominal composition LaMnO$_{3}$ (LMO) on LSAT(001) substrates. We find that,
depending on the oxygen background pressure during growth, the LMO films
contain sizeable amounts of La and/or Mn vacancies that strongly influence
their electronic and magnetic properties. Specifically, we show that the Mn/La
ratio can be systematically varied from 0.92 at 0.11 mbar to 1.09 at 0.30 mbar
of oxygen. These cationic vacancies lead to markedly different disorder effects
that become most pronounced once the samples are fully oxygenated and thus
strongly hole doped. All as-grown and thus slightly oxygen deficient LMO films
are ferromagnetic insulators with saturation moments in excess of 2.5 \mu
$_{B}$ per Mn ion, their transport and optical properties that can be
understood in terms of trapped ferromagnetic polarons. Upon oxygen annealing,
the most La-deficient films develop a metallic response with an even larger
ferromagnetic saturation moment of 3.8 \mu $_{B}$ per Mn ion. In contrast, in
the oxygenated Mn-deficient films the ferromagnetic order is almost completely
suppressed to less than 0.5 \mu $_{B}$ per Mn ion and the transport remains
insulator-like. We compare our results with the ones that were previously
obtained on bulk samples and present an interpretation in terms of the much
stronger disorder potential of the Mn vacancies as compared to the La
vacancies. We also discuss the implications for the growth of LMO thin films
with well-defined physical properties that, for example, are a prerequisite for
the study of interface effects in multilayers.


title:
Eckhaus-like instability of large scale coherent structures in a fully
  turbulent von K\'arm\'an flow

abstract:
  The notion of instability of a turbulent flow is introduced in the case of a
von K\'arm\'an flow thanks to the monitoring of the spatio-temporal spectrum of
the velocity fluctuations, combined with projection onto suitable Beltrami
modes. It is shown that the large scale coherent fluctuations of the flow obeys
a sequence of Eckhaus instabilities when the Reynolds number $\mathrm{Re}$ is
varied from $10^2$ to $10^6$. This sequence results in modulations of
increasing azimuthal wavenumber. The basic state is the laminar or
time-averaged flow at an arbitrary $\mathrm{Re}$, which is axi-symmetric, i.e.
with a $0$ azimuthal wavenumber. Increasing $\mathrm{Re}$ leads to
non-axisymmetric modulations with increasing azimuthal wavenumber from $1$ to
$3$. These modulations are found to rotate in the azimuthal direction. However
no clear rotation frequency can be established until $\mathrm{Re}\approx
4\times 10^3$. Above, they become periodic with an increasing frequency. We
finally show that these modulations are connected with the coherent structures
of the mixing shear layer. The implication of these findings for the turbulence
parametrization is discussed. Especially, they may explain why simple eddy
viscosity models are able to capture complex turbulent flow dynamics.


title:
Approximations for two-dimensional discrete scan statistics in some
  block-factor type dependent models

abstract:
  We consider the two-dimensional discrete scan statistic generated by a
block-factor type model obtained from i.i.d. sequence. We present an
approximation for the distribution of the scan statistics and the corresponding
error bounds. A simulation study illustrates our methodology.


title:
Radial Covariance Functions Motivated by Spatial Random Field Models
  with Local Interactions

abstract:
  We derive explicit expressions for a family of radially symmetric,
non-differentiable, Spartan covariance functions in $\mathbb{R}^2$ that involve
the modified Bessel function of the second kind. In addition to the
characteristic length and the amplitude coefficient, the Spartan covariance
parameters include the rigidity coefficient $\eta_{1}$ which determines the
shape of the covariance function. If $ \eta_{1} >> 1$ Spartan covariance
functions exhibit multiscaling. We also derive a family of radially symmetric,
infinitely differentiable Bessel-Lommel covariance functions valid in
$\mathbb{R}^{d}, d\ge 2$. We investigate the parametric dependence of the
integral range for Spartan and Bessel-Lommel covariance functions using
explicit relations and numerical simulations. Finally, we define a generalized
spectrum of correlation scales $\lambda^{(\alpha)}_{c}$ in terms of the
fractional Laplacian of the covariance function; for $0 \le \alpha \le1$ the
$\lambda^{(\alpha)}_{c}$ extend from the smoothness microscale $(\alpha=1)$ to
the integral range $(\alpha=0)$. The smoothness scale of mean-square continuous
but non-differentiable random fields vanishes; such fields, however, can be
discriminated by means of $\lambda^{(\alpha)}_{c}$ scales obtained for $\alpha
<1$.


title: A Serre-Swan theorem for gerbe modules on \'etale Lie groupoids

abstract:
  Given a bundle gerbe on a compact smooth manifold or, more generally, on a
compact \'etale Lie groupoid $M$, we show that the corresponding category of
gerbe modules, if it is non-trivial, is equivalent to the category of finitely
generated projective modules over an Azumaya algebra on $M$. This result can be
seen as an equivariant Serre-Swan theorem for twisted vector bundles.


title: Maximal integral point sets in affine planes over finite fields

abstract:
  Motivated by integral point sets in the Euclidean plane, we consider integral
point sets in affine planes over finite fields. An integral point set is a set
of points in the affine plane $\mathbb{F}_q^2$ over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_q$, where the formally defined squared Euclidean distance of every
pair of points is a square in $\mathbb{F}_q$. It turns out that integral point
sets over $\mathbb{F}_q$ can also be characterized as affine point sets
determining certain prescribed directions, which gives a relation to the work
of Blokhuis. Furthermore, in one important sub-case integral point sets can be
restated as cliques in Paley graphs of square order.
  In this article we give new results on the automorphisms of integral point
sets and classify maximal integral point sets over $\mathbb{F}_q$ for $q\leq
47$. Furthermore, we give two series of maximal integral point sets and prove
their maximality.


title:
Conducting The Deepest All-Sky Pulsar Survey Ever: The All-Sky High Time
  Resolution Universe Survey

abstract:
  The extreme conditions found in and around pulsars make them fantastic
natural laboratories, providing insights to a rich variety of fundamental
physics and astronomy. To discover more pulsars we have begun the High Time
Resolution Universe (HTRU) survey: a blind survey of the northern sky with the
100-m Effelsberg radio telescope in Germany and a twin survey of the southern
sky with the 64-m Parkes radio telescope in Australia. The HTRU is an
international collaboration with expertise shared among the MPIfR in Germany,
ATNF/CASS and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, University of
Manchester in the UK and INAF in Italy. The HTRU survey uses multi-beam
receivers and backends constructed with recent advancements in technology,
providing unprecedentedly high time and frequency resolution, allowing us to
probe deeper into the Galaxy than ever before. While a general overview of HTRU
has been given by Keith at this conference, here we focus on three further
aspects of HTRU discoveries and highlights. These include the `Diamond-planet
pulsar' binary PSR J1719-1438 and a second similar system recently discovered.
In addition, we provide specifications of the HTRU-North survey and an update
of its status. In the last section we give an overview of the search for
highly-accelerated binaries in the Galactic plane region. We discuss the
computational challenges arising from the processing of the petabyte-sized HTRU
survey data. We present an innovative segmented search technique which aims to
increase our chances of discovering highly accelerated relativistic binary
systems, potentially including pulsar-black-hole binaries.


title: Physics input for modelling superfluid neutron stars with hyperon cores

abstract:
  Observations of massive ($M \approx 2.0~M_\odot$) neutron stars (NSs), PSRs
J1614-2230 and J0348+0432, rule out most of the models of nucleon-hyperon
matter employed in NS simulations. Here we construct three possible models of
nucleon-hyperon matter consistent with the existence of $2~M_\odot$ pulsars as
well as with semi-empirical nuclear matter parameters at saturation, and
semi-empirical hypernuclear data. Our aim is to calculate for these models all
the parameters necessary for modelling dynamics of hyperon stars (such as
equation of state, adiabatic indices, thermodynamic derivatives, relativistic
entrainment matrix, etc.), making them available for a potential user. To this
aim a general non-linear hadronic Lagrangian involving
$\sigma\omega\rho\phi\sigma^\ast$ meson fields, as well as quartic terms in
vector-meson fields, is considered. A universal scheme for calculation of the
$\ell=0,1$ Landau Fermi-liquid parameters and relativistic entrainment matrix
is formulated in the mean-field approximation. Use of this scheme allow us to
obtain numerical tables with the equation of state, Landau quasiparticle
effective masses, adiabatic indices, the $\ell=0,1$ Landau Fermi-liquid
parameters, and the relativistic entrainment matrix for the selected models of
nucleon-hyperon matter. These data are available on-line and suitable for
numerical implementation in computer codes modelling various dynamical
processes in NSs, in particular, oscillations of superfluid NSs and their
cooling.


title:
Observations of the unidentified gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130 by
  VERITAS

abstract:
  TeV J2032+4130 was the first unidentified source discovered at very high
energies (VHE; E $>$ 100 GeV), with no obvious counterpart in any other
wavelength. It is also the first extended source to be observed in VHE gamma
rays. Following its discovery, intensive observational campaigns have been
carried out in all wavelengths in order to understand the nature of the object,
which have met with limited success. We report here on a deep observation of
TeV J2032+4130, based on 48.2 hours of data taken from 2009 to 2012 by the
VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) experiment.
The source is detected at 8.7 standard deviations ($\sigma$) and is found to be
extended and asymmetric with a width of 9.5$^{\prime}$$\pm$1.2$^{\prime}$ along
the major axis and 4.0$^{\prime}$$\pm$0.5$^{\prime}$ along the minor axis. The
spectrum is well described by a differential power law with an index of 2.10
$\pm$ 0.14$_{stat}$ $\pm$ 0.21$_{sys}$ and a normalization of (9.5 $\pm$
1.6$_{stat}$ $\pm$ 2.2$_{sys}$) $\times$ 10$^{-13}$TeV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$
s$^{-1}$ at 1 TeV. We interpret these results in the context of multiwavelength
scenarios which particularly favor the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) interpretation.