title:
Impact of Spatial Separation of Type-II GaSb Quantum Dots from the
  Depletion Region on the Conversion Efficiency Limit of GaAs Solar Cells

abstract:
  The purpose of this work is to look for a practical structure for application
of quantum dots (QD) in solar cells in order to enhance sub-band gap photon
absorption. We focuse on a stack of strain-compensated GaSb/GaAs type-II QDs.
We propose a novel structure with GaSb/GaAs type-II QD absorber embedded in the
p-doped region of ideal solar cell, but spatially separated from the depletion
region. We developed the model and used the detailed balance principle along
with Poisson and continuity equations for calculating of the energy band
bending along with the photocurrent and the dark current, and the conversion
efficiency of the cell. Our model takes into account both single-photon and
double-photon absorption as well as non-radiative processes in QDs and predicts
that oncentration from 1-sun to 500-sun raises the efficiency from 30% to 50%.
We showed that accumulation of charge in the QD absorber is the clue to
understanding of potentially superior performance of the proposed solar cell.
An attractive feature of the proposed solar cell is that QDs do not reduce the
open circuit voltage but facilitate generation of the additional photocurrent
to the extent that photovoltaic characteristics reduce to that of ideal IB
solar cell while the efficiency meets the Luque-Marti limit. It should be noted
that, although non-radiative processes like relaxation in QDs and recombination
through QDs degrade photovoltaic characteristics of the proposed solar cell,
its conversion efficiency is still predicted to be above the Shockley-Queisser
limit by 5% to 10%. This study is an important step toward producing practical
solar cells that benefit from additional photocurrent generated by sub-band gap
photons.


title:
There is no finite-variable equational axiomatization of representable
  relation algebras over weakly representable relation algebras

abstract:
  We prove that any equational basis that defines RRA over wRRA must contain
infinitely many variables. The proof uses a construction of arbitrarily large
finite weakly representable but not representable relation algebras whose
"small" subalgebras are representable.


title:
Smooth and non-smooth traveling wave solutions of some generalized
  Camassa-Holm equations

abstract:
  In this paper we employ two recent analytical approaches to investigate the
possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of a
recently-derived integrable family of generalized Camassa-Holm (GCH) equations.
A recent, novel application of phase-plane analysis is employed to analyze the
singular traveling wave equations of three of the GCH NLPDEs, i.e. the possible
non-smooth peakon and cuspon solutions. One of the considered GCH equations
supports both solitary (peakon) and periodic (cuspon) cusp waves in different
parameter regimes. The second equation does not support singular traveling
waves and the last one supports four-segmented, non-smooth $M$-wave solutions.
  Moreover, smooth traveling waves of the three GCH equations are considered.
Here, we use a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series
solutions for the homoclinic orbits of their traveling-wave equations,
corresponding to pulse (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original
PDEs. We perform many numerical tests in different parameter regime to pinpoint
real saddle equilibrium points of the corresponding GCH equations, as well as
ensure simultaneous convergence and continuity of the multi-infinite series
solutions for the homoclinic orbits anchored by these saddle points. Unlike the
majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with
relatively few terms. We also show the traveling wave nature of these pulse and
front solutions to the GCH NLPDEs.


title: Bootstrapping the 3d Ising twist defect

abstract:
  Recent numerical results point to the existence of a conformally invariant
twist defect in the critical 3d Ising model. In this note we show that this
fact is supported by both epsilon expansion and conformal bootstrap
calculations. We find that our results are in good agreement with the numerical
data. We also make new predictions for operator dimensions and OPE coefficients
from the bootstrap approach. In the process we derive universal bounds on
one-dimensional conformal field theories and conformal line defects.


title: Entropic uncertainty assisted by temporal memory

abstract:
  The uncertainty principle brings out intrinsic quantum bounds on the
precision of measuring non-commuting observables. Statistical outcomes in the
measurement of incompatible observables reveal a trade-off on the sum of
corresponding entropies. Massen-Uffink entropic uncertainty relation (Phys.
Rev. Lett. 60, 1103 (1988)) constrains the sum of entropies associated with
incompatible measurements. The entropic uncertainty principle in the presence
of quantum memory (Nature Phys. 6, 659 (2010)) brought about a fascinating
twist by showing that quantum side information, enabled due to entanglement,
helps in beating the uncertainty of non-commuting observables. Here we explore
the interplay between temporal correlations and uncertainty. We show that with
the assistance of a prior quantum temporal information achieved by sequential
observations on the same quantum system at different times, the uncertainty
bound on entropies gets reduced.


title: Cuplength estimates in Morse cohomology

abstract:
  The main goal of this paper is to give a unified treatment to many known
cuplength estimates. As the base case, we prove that for $C^0$-perturbations of
a function which is Morse-Bott along a closed submanifold, the number of
critical points is bounded below in terms of the cuplength of that critical
submanifold. As we work with rather general assumptions the proof also applies
in a variety of Floer settings. For example, this proves lower bounds for the
number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms, Hamiltonian chords for
Lagrangian submanifolds, translated points of contactomorphisms, and solutions
to a Dirac-type equation.


title:
Beam-helicity asymmetry in associated electroproduction of real photons
  $ep \to e\gamma \pi N$ in the $\Delta$-resonance region

abstract:
  The beam-helicity asymmetry in associated electroproduction of real photons,
$ep\to e\gamma \pi N$, in the $\Delta$(1232)-resonance region is measured using
the longitudinally polarized HERA positron beam and an unpolarized hydrogen
target. Azimuthal Fourier amplitudes of this asymmetry are extracted separately
for two channels, $ep\to e\gamma \pi^0 p$ and $ep\to e\gamma \pi^+ n$, from a
data set collected with a recoil detector. All asymmetry amplitudes are found
to be consistent with zero.


title: On the Suitable Domain for SVM Training in Image Coding

abstract:
  Conventional SVM-based image coding methods are founded on independently
restricting the distortion in every image coefficient at some particular image
representation. Geometrically, this implies allowing arbitrary signal
distortions in an $n$-dimensional rectangle defined by the
$\varepsilon$-insensitivity zone in each dimension of the selected image
representation domain. Unfortunately, not every image representation domain is
well-suited for such a simple, scalar-wise, approach because statistical and/or
perceptual interactions between the coefficients may exist. These interactions
imply that scalar approaches may induce distortions that do not follow the
image statistics and/or are perceptually annoying. Taking into account these
relations would imply using non-rectangular $\varepsilon$-insensitivity regions
(allowing coupled distortions in different coefficients), which is beyond the
conventional SVM formulation.
  In this paper, we report a condition on the suitable domain for developing
efficient SVM image coding schemes. We analytically demonstrate that no linear
domain fulfills this condition because of the statistical and perceptual
inter-coefficient relations that exist in these domains. This theoretical
result is experimentally confirmed by comparing SVM learning in previously
reported linear domains and in a recently proposed non-linear perceptual domain
that simultaneously reduces the statistical and perceptual relations (so it is
closer to fulfilling the proposed condition). These results highlight the
relevance of an appropriate choice of the image representation before SVM
learning.


title: Mean ergodic properties of the continuous Ces\`aro operators

abstract:
  Various properties of the (continuous) Ces\`aro operator $\mathsf{C}$, acting
on Banach and Fr\'echet spaces of continuous functions and $L^p$-spaces, are
investigated. For instance, the spectrum and point spectrum of $\mathsf{C}$ are
completely determined and a study of certain dynamics of $\mathsf{C}$ is
undertaken (eg. hyper- and supercyclicity, chaotic behaviour). In addition, the
mean (and uniform mean) ergodic nature of $\mathsf{C}$ acting in the various
spaces is identified.


title: Subsequence Rational Ergodicity of Rank-One Transformations

abstract:
  We show that all rank-one transformations are subsequence boundedly
rationally ergodic and that there exist rank-one transformations that are not
weakly rationally ergodic.


title: Structural and collisional data for Mg III and Al IV

abstract:
  We present in this work energy levels, oscillator strengths, radiative decay
rates and fine structure collision strengths for the Mg III and Al IV ions. The
11 configurations:(1s$^{2}$) 2s$^{2}$2p$^{6}$, 2s$^{2}$2p$^{5}3l$,
2s2p$^{6}3l$, 2s$^{2}$2p$^{5}4l$ ($l\leq n-1$, where $n$ is the principal
quantum number), yielding the lowest 75 levels are used. The collisional data
for these two ions are missing in the literature, especially the database
CHIANTI, this is the principal motivation behind the present work. Calculations
have been performed using the AUTOSTRUCTURE code. AUTOSTRUCTURE treats the
scattering problem in the distorted wave approach. Fine structure collision
strengths are calculated for a range of electron energies from 10 Ry to 240 Ry.
The atomic structure data are compared to available experimental and
theoretical results.


title:
The Two-Component Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (TC-QTAIM): The
  unified theory of localization/delocalization of electrons, nuclei and exotic
  elementary particles

abstract:
  In this contribution, pursuing our research program extending the atoms in
molecules analysis into unorthodox domains, another key ingredient of the
two-component quantum theory of atoms in molecules (TC-QTAIM) namely, the
theory of localization/delocalization of quantum particles, is disclosed. The
unified proposed scheme is able not only to deal with the
localization/delocalization of electrons in/between atomic basins, but also to
treat nuclei as well as exotic particles like positrons and muons equally.
Based on the general reduced second order density matrices for
indistinguishable quantum particles, the quantum fluctuations of atomic basins
are introduced and then used as a gauge to quantify the
localization/delocalization introducing proper indexes. The explicit
mass-dependence of the proposed indexes is demonstrated and it is shown that a
single localization/delocalization index is capable of being used for all kind
of quantum particles regardless of their masses or charge content. For various
non-Born-Oppenhiemer (non-BO) wavefunctions, including Hartree-product as well
as singlet and triplet determinants, the indices are calculated and then
employed to rationalize the localization/delocalization of particles in a
series of four-body model systems consist of two electrons and two positively
charged particles with variable mass. The ab initio FV-MC_MO derived non-BO
wavefunctions for the four-body series are used for a comprehensive
computational TC-QTAIM analysis, including topological analysis as well as
basin integrations, in a wide mass region, m=10me-10^13me (me stands for
electron mass), disclosing various traits in these series of species that are
unique to the TC-QTAIM. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed
localization/delocalization scheme is capable of quantifying quantum tunneling
of nuclei for systems containing delocalized protons.


title: A Frequency Comb calibrated Solar Atlas

abstract:
  The solar spectrum is a primary reference for the study of physical processes
in stars and their variation during activity cycles. In Nov 2010 an experiment
with a prototype of a Laser Frequency Comb (LFC) calibration system was
performed with the HARPS spectrograph of the 3.6m ESO telescope at La Silla
during which high signal-to-noise spectra of the Moon were obtained. We exploit
those Echelle spectra to study the optical integrated solar spectrum . The
DAOSPEC program is used to measure solar line positions through gaussian
fitting in an automatic way. We first apply the LFC solar spectrum to
characterize the CCDs of the HARPS spectrograph. The comparison of the LFC and
Th-Ar calibrated spectra reveals S-type distortions on each order along the
whole spectral range with an amplitude of +/-40 m/s. This confirms the pattern
found by Wilken et al. (2010) on a single order and extends the detection of
the distortions to the whole analyzed region revealing that the precise shape
varies with wavelength. A new data reduction is implemented to deal with CCD
pixel inequalities to obtain a wavelength corrected solar spectrum. By using
this spectrum we provide a new LFC calibrated solar atlas with 400 line
positions in the range of 476-530, and 175 lines in the 534-585 nm range. The
new LFC atlas improves the accuracy of individual lines by a significant factor
reaching a mean value of about 10 m/s. The LFC--based solar line wavelengths
are essentially free of major instrumental effects and provide a reference for
absolute solar line positions. We suggest that future LFC observations could be
used to trace small radial velocity changes of the whole solar photospheric
spectrum in connection with the solar cycle and for direct comparison with the
predicted line positions of 3D radiative hydrodynamical models of the solar
photosphere.


title: Dirichlet polynomials, Majorization, and Trumping

abstract:
  Majorization and trumping are two partial orders which have proved useful in
quantum information theory. We show some relations between these two partial
orders and generalized Dirichlet polynomials, Mellin transforms, and completely
monotone functions. These relations are used to prove a succinct generalization
of Turgut's characterization of trumping.

categories: quant-ph math-ph math.FA math.MP math.NT


title:
Kernel Multivariate Analysis Framework for Supervised Subspace Learning:
  A Tutorial on Linear and Kernel Multivariate Methods

abstract:
  Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction are important tasks in many
fields of science dealing with signal processing and analysis. The relevance of
these techniques is increasing as current sensory devices are developed with
ever higher resolution, and problems involving multimodal data sources become
more common. A plethora of feature extraction methods are available in the
literature collectively grouped under the field of Multivariate Analysis (MVA).
This paper provides a uniform treatment of several methods: Principal Component
Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), Canonical Correlation Analysis
(CCA) and Orthonormalized PLS (OPLS), as well as their non-linear extensions
derived by means of the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We also
review their connections to other methods for classification and statistical
dependence estimation, and introduce some recent developments to deal with the
extreme cases of large-scale and low-sized problems. To illustrate the wide
applicability of these methods in both classification and regression problems,
we analyze their performance in a benchmark of publicly available data sets,
and pay special attention to specific real applications involving audio
processing for music genre prediction and hyperspectral satellite images for
Earth and climate monitoring.


title: Neutron-proton pairs in nuclei

abstract:
  A review is given of attempts to describe nuclear properties in terms of
neutron--proton pairs that are subsequently replaced by bosons. Some of the
standard approaches with low-spin pairs are recalled but the emphasis is on a
recently proposed framework with pairs of neutrons and protons with aligned
angular momentum. The analysis is carried out for general $j$ and applied to
$N=Z$ nuclei in the $1f_{7/2}$ and $1g_{9/2}$ shells.


title: Synchronization as a unifying mechanism for protein folding

abstract:
  Different models such as diffusion-collision and nucleation-condensation have
been used to unravel how secondary and tertiary structures form during protein
folding. However, a simple mechanism based on physical principles that provide
an accurate description of kinetics and thermodynamics for such phenomena has
not yet been identified. This study introduces the hypothesis that the
synchronization of the peptide plane oscillatory movements throughout the
backbone must also play a key role in the folding mechanism. Based on that, we
draw a parallel between the folding process and the dynamics for a network of
coupled oscillators described by the Kuramoto model. The amino acid coupling
may explain the mean-field character of the force that propels an amino acid
sequence into a structure through self-organization. Thus, the pattern of
synchronized cluster formation and growing helps to solve the Levinthal's
paradox.Synchronization may also help us to understand the success of homology
structural modeling, allosteric effect, and the mechanism responsible for the
recognition of odorants by olfactory receptors.


title:
Stability of an inverse problem for the discrete wave equation and
  convergence results

abstract:
  Using uniform global Carleman estimates for discrete elliptic and
semi-discrete hyperbolic equations, we study Lipschitz and logarithmic
stability for the inverse problem of recovering a potential in a semi-discrete
wave equation, discretized by finite differences in a 2-d uniform mesh, from
boundary or internal measurements. The discrete stability results, when
compared with their continuous counterparts, include new terms depending on the
discretization parameter h. From these stability results, we design a numerical
method to compute convergent approximations of the continuous potential.


title: Approximation by Baskakov quasi-interpolants

abstract:
  Baskakov operators and their inverses can be expressed as linear differential
operators on polynomials. Recurrence relations are given for the computation of
these coefficients. They allow the construction of the associated Baskakov
quasi-interpolants (abbr. QIs). Then asymptotic results are provided for the
determination of the convergence orders of these new quasi-interpolants.
Finally some results on the computation of these QIs and the numerical
approximation of functions defined on the positive real half-line are
illustrated by some numerical examples.


title:
Velocity-jump processes with a finite number of speeds and their
  asymptotically parabolic nature

abstract:
  The paper examines a class of first order linear hyperbolic systems, proposed
as a generalization of the Goldstein-Kac model for velocity-jump processes and
determined by a finite number of speeds and corresponding transition rates. It
is shown that the large-time behavior is described by a corresponding scalar
diffusive equation of parabolic type, defined by a diffusion matrix for which
an explicit formula is given. Such representation takes advantage of a variant
of the Kirchoff's matrix tree Theorem applied to the graph associated to the
system and given by considering the velocities as verteces and the transition
rates as weights of the arcs.


title:
Regularization in Relevance Learning Vector Quantization Using l one
  Norms

abstract:
  We propose in this contribution a method for l one regularization in
prototype based relevance learning vector quantization (LVQ) for sparse
relevance profiles. Sparse relevance profiles in hyperspectral data analysis
fade down those spectral bands which are not necessary for classification. In
particular, we consider the sparsity in the relevance profile enforced by LASSO
optimization. The latter one is obtained by a gradient learning scheme using a
differentiable parametrized approximation of the $l_{1}$-norm, which has an
upper error bound. We extend this regularization idea also to the matrix
learning variant of LVQ as the natural generalization of relevance learning.


title: Opinion Dynamic with agents immigration

abstract:
  We propose a strategy for achieving maximum cooperation in evolutionary games
on complex networks. Each individual is assigned a weight that is proportional
to the power of its degree, where the exponent alpha is an adjustable parameter
that controls the level of diversity among individuals in the network. During
the evolution, every individual chooses one of its neighbors as a reference
with a probability proportional to the weight of the neighbor, and updates its
strategy depending on their payoff difference. It is found that there exists an
optimal value of alpha, for which the level of cooperation reaches maximum.
This phenomenon indicates that, although high-degree individuals play a
prominent role in maintaining the cooperation, too strong influences from the
hubs may counterintuitively inhibit the diffusion of cooperation. We provide a
physical theory, aided by numerical computations, to explain the emergence of
the optimal cooperation. Other pertinent quantities such as the payoff, the
cooperator density as a function of the degree, and the payoff distribution,
are also investigated. Our results suggest that, in order to achieve strong
cooperation on a complex network, individuals should learn more frequently from
neighbors with higher degrees, but only to certain extent.


title: Cavities in curved spacetimes: the response of particle detectors

abstract:
  We introduce a method to compute particle detector transition probability in
spacetime regions of general curved spacetimes provided that the curvature is
not above a maximum threshold. In particular we use this method to compare the
response of two detectors, one in a spherically symmetric gravitational field
and the other one in Rindler spacetime to compare the Unruh and Hawking
effects: We study the vacuum response of a detector freely falling through a
stationary cavity in a Schwarzschild background as compared with the response
of an equivalently accelerated detector traveling through an inertial cavity in
the absence of curvature. We find that as we set the cavity in further radiuses
from the black hole, the thermal radiation measured by the detector approaches
the quantity recorded by the detector in Rindler background showing in which
way and at what scales the equivalent principle is recovered in the
Hawking-Unruh effect. I.e. when the Hawking effect in a Schwarzschild
background becomes equivalent to the Unruh effect in Rindler spacetime.


title:
Evidence for Solar Tether-cutting Magnetic Reconnection from Coronal
  Field Extrapolations

abstract:
  Magnetic reconnection is one of the primary mechanisms for triggering solar
eruptive events, but direct observation of its rapid process has been of
challenge. In this Letter we present, using a nonlinear force-free field
(NLFFF) extrapolation technique, a visualization of field line connectivity
changes resulting from tether-cutting reconnection over about 30 minutes during
the 2011 February 13 M6.6 flare in NOAA AR 11158. Evidence for the
tether-cutting reconnection was first collected through multiwavelength
observations and then by the analysis of the field lines traced from positions
of four conspicuous flare 1700 A footpoints observed at the event onset. Right
before the flare, the four footpoints are located very close to the regions of
local maxima of magnetic twist index. Especially, the field lines from the
inner two footpoints form two strongly twisted flux bundles (up to ~1.2 turns),
which shear past each other and reach out close to the outer two footpoints,
respectively. Immediately after the flare, the twist index of regions around
the footpoints greatly diminish and the above field lines become low lying and
less twisted (~0.6 turns), overarched by loops linking the later formed two
flare ribbons. About 10% of the flux (~3x10^19 Mx) from the inner footpoints
has undergone a footpoint exchange. This portion of flux originates from the
edge regions of the inner footpoints that are brightened first. These rapid
changes of magnetic field connectivity inferred from the NLFFF extrapolation
are consistent with the tether-cutting magnetic reconnection model.


title: Random Walks on Simplicial Complexes and Harmonics

abstract:
  In this paper, we introduce random walks with absorbing states on simplicial
complexes. Given a simplicial complex of dimension $d$, a random walk with an
absorbing state is defined which relates to the spectrum of the $k$-dimensional
Laplacian for $1 \leq k \leq d$ and which relates to the local random walk on a
graph defined by Fan Chung. We also examine an application of random walks on
simplicial complexes to a semi-supervised learning problem. Specifically, we
consider a label propagation algorithm on oriented edges, which applies to a
generalization of the partially labelled classification problem on graphs.


title: Hybrid valence-bond states for universal quantum computation

abstract:
  The spin-3/2 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) valence-bond state on the
hexagonal lattice was shown to be a universal resource state for
measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). Can AKLT states of higher spin
magnitude support universal MBQC? We demonstrate that several hybrid 2D AKLT
states involving mixture of spin-2 and other lower-spin entities, such as
spin-3/2 and spin-1, are also universal for MBQC. This significantly expands
universal resource states in the AKLT family. Even though frustration may be a
hinderance to quantum computational universality, lattices can be modified to
yield AKLT states that are universal. The family of AKLT states thus provides a
versatile playground for quantum computation.


title:
Near-field electrospinning of conjugated polymer light-emitting
  nanofibers

abstract:
  The authors report on the realization of ordered arrays of light-emitting
conjugated polymer nanofibers by near-field electrospinning. The fibers, made
by poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene], have diameters of
few hundreds of nanometers and emission peaked at 560 nm. The observed
blue-shift compared to the emission from reference films is attributed to
different polymer packing in the nanostructures. Optical confinement in the
fibers is also analyzed through self-waveguided emission. These results open
interesting perspectives for realizing complex and ordered architectures by
light-emitting nanofibers, such as photonic circuits, and for the precise
positioning and integration of conjugated polymer fibers into light-emitting
devices.


title: A new framework for numerical simulations of structure formation

abstract:
  The diversity of structures in the Universe (from the smallest galaxies to
the largest superclusters) has formed under the pull of gravity from the tiny
primordial perturbations that we see imprinted in the cosmic microwave
background. A quantitative description of this process would require
description of motion of zillions of dark matter particles. This impossible
task is usually circumvented by coarse-graining the problem: one either
considers a Newtonian dynamics of "particles" with macroscopically large masses
or approximates the dark matter distribution with a continuous density field.
There is no closed system of equations for the evolution of the matter density
field alone and instead it should still be discretized at each timestep. In
this work we describe a method of solving the full 6-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson
equation via a system of auxiliary Schroedinger-like equations. The complexity
of the problem gets shifted into the choice of the number and shape of the
initial wavefunctions that should only be specified at the beginning of the
computation (we stress that these wavefunctions have nothing to do with quantum
nature of the actual dark matter particles). We discuss different prescriptions
to generate the initial wave functions from the initial conditions and
demonstrate the validity of the technique on two simple test cases. This new
simulation algorithm can in principle be used on an arbitrary distribution
function, enabling the simulation of warm and hot dark matter structure
formation scenarios.


title:
Threshold-free Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and
  Prediction: Average Precision versus Area Under the ROC Curve

abstract:
  When evaluating medical tests or biomarkers for disease classification, the
area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a widely used
performance metric that does not require us to commit to a specific decision
threshold. For the same type of evaluations, a different metric known as the
average precision (AP) is used much more widely in the information retrieval
literature. We study both metrics in some depths in order to elucidate their
difference and relationship. More specifically, we explain mathematically why
the AP may be more appropriate if the earlier part of the ROC curve is of
interest. We also address practical matters, deriving an expression for the
asymptotic variance of the AP, as well as providing real-world examples
concerning the evaluation of protein biomarkers for prostate cancer and the
assessment of digital versus film mammography for breast cancer screening.


title:
Quantum Stark broadening of Ar XV lines. Strong collision and
  quadrupolar potential contributions

abstract:
  We present in this paper electron impact broadening for six Ar XV lines using
our quantum mechanical formalism and the semiclassical perturbation one.
Additionally, our calculations of the corresponding atomic structure data
(energy levels and oscillator strengths) and collision strengths are given as
well. The lines considered here are divided into two sets: a first set of four
lines involving the ground level: 1s$^{2}2$s$^{2}$ $^{1}$S$_{0}-$1s$^{2}2$s$n$p
$^{1}$P$^{\rm o}_{1}$ where $2\leq n \leq5$ and a second set of two lines
involving excited levels: 1s$^{2}2$s2p $^{1}$P$^{\rm o}_{1}-$1s$^{2}2$s3s
$^{1}$S$_{0}$ and 1s$^{2}2$s2p $^{3}$P$^{\rm o}_{0}-$1s$^{2}2$s3s
$^{3}$S$_{1}$. An extensive comparison between the quantum and the
semiclassical results was performed in order to analyze the reason for
differences between quantum and semiclassical results up to the factor of two.
It has been shown that the difference between the two results may be due to the
evaluation of strong collision contributions by the semiclassical formalism.
Except few semiclassical results, the present results are the first to be
published. After the recent discovery of the far UV lines of Ar VII in the
spectra of very hot central stars of planetary nebulae and white dwarfs, the
present -and may be further- results can be used also for the corresponding
future spectral analysis.


title:
Connecting electron and phonon spectroscopy data to consistently
  determine quasiparticle-phonon coupling on the surface of topological
  insulators

abstract:
  Photoemission and phonon spectroscopies have yielded widely varying estimates
of the electron-phonon coupling constant \lambda\ on the surfaces of
topological insulators, even for a particular material and technique. We
connect the results of these experiments by determining the Dirac fermion
quasiparticle spectral function using information from measured spectra of a
strongly-interacting, low-lying optical surface phonon band. The manifest
spectral features resulting from the coupling are found to vary on energy
scales < 1 meV, and are distinct from those traditionally observed in the case
of acoustic phonons in metals. We explore different means of determining
\lambda\ from the electron perspective and identify definitions that yield
values consistent with phonon spectroscopy.


title:
Orientational glass in mixtures of elliptic and circular particles:
  Structural heterogeneities, rotational dynamics, and rheology

abstract:
  Using molecular dynamics simulation with an angle-dependent Lennard-Jones
potential, we study orientational glass with quadrupolar symmetry in mixtures
of elliptic particles and circular impurities in two dimensions. With a mild
aspect ratio ($=1.2$) and a mild size ratio ($=1.2$), we realize a plastic
crystal at relatively high temperature $T$. With further lowering $T$, we find
a structural phase transition for very small impurity concentration $c$ and
pinned disordered orientations for not small $c$. The ellipses are anchored by
the impurities in the planar alignment. With increasing $c$, the orientation
domains composed of isosceles triangles gradually become smaller, resulting in
orientational glass with crystal order. In our simulation, the impurity
distribution becomes heterogeneous during quenching from liquid, which then
produces rotational dynamic heterogeneities. We also examine rheology in
orientational glass to predict a shape memory effect and a superelasticity
effect, where a large fraction of the strain is due to collective orientation
changes.


title:
Advances in Hyperspectral Image Classification: Earth monitoring with
  statistical learning methods

abstract:
  Hyperspectral images show similar statistical properties to natural grayscale
or color photographic images. However, the classification of hyperspectral
images is more challenging because of the very high dimensionality of the
pixels and the small number of labeled examples typically available for
learning. These peculiarities lead to particular signal processing problems,
mainly characterized by indetermination and complex manifolds. The framework of
statistical learning has gained popularity in the last decade. New methods have
been presented to account for the spatial homogeneity of images, to include
user's interaction via active learning, to take advantage of the manifold
structure with semisupervised learning, to extract and encode invariances, or
to adapt classifiers and image representations to unseen yet similar scenes.
This tutuorial reviews the main advances for hyperspectral remote sensing image
classification through illustrative examples.


title: SHARE with CHARM

abstract:
  SHARE with CHARM program (SHAREv3) implements the statistical hadronization
model description of particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Given a set of statistical parameters, SHAREv3 program evaluates yields and
therefore also ratios, and furthermore, statistical particle abundance
fluctuations. The physical bulk properties of the particle source is evaluated
based on all hadrons produced, including the fitted yields. The bulk properties
can be prescribed as a fit input complementing and/or replacing the statistical
parameters. The modifications and improvements in the SHARE suite of programs
are oriented towards recent and forthcoming LHC hadron production results
including charm hadrons. This SHAREv3 release incorporates all features seen
previously in SHAREv1.x and v2.x and, beyond, we include a complete treatment
of charm hadrons and their decays, which further cascade and feed lighter
hadron yields. This article is a complete and self-contained manual explaining
and introducing both the conventional and the extended capabilities of SHARE
with CHARM. We complement the particle list derived from the Particle Data
Group tabulation composed of up, down, strange $u,d,s$ quarks (including
resonances) with hadrons containing charm $c,\bar c$ quarks. We provide a table
of the charm hadron decays including partial widths. The branching ratios of
each charm hadron decays add to unity, which is achieved by including some
charm hadron decay channels based on theoretical consideration in the absence
of direct experimental information. A very successful interpretation of all
available LHC results has been already obtained using this program.


title:
The topology of nilpotent representations in reductive groups and their
  maximal compact subgroups

abstract:
  Let G be a complex reductive linear algebraic group and let K be a maximal
compact subgroup of G. Given a nilpotent group \Gamma generated by r elements,
we consider the representation spaces Hom(\Gamma,G) and Hom(\Gamma,K) with the
natural topology induced from an embedding into G^r and K^r respectively. The
goal of this paper is to prove that there is a strong deformation retraction of
Hom(\Gamma,G) onto Hom(\Gamma,K). We also obtain a strong deformation
retraction of the geometric invariant theory quotient Hom(\Gamma,G)//G onto
Hom(\Gamma,K)/K.


title:
Understanding uncertainty in temperature effects on vector-borne
  disease: A Bayesian approach

abstract:
  Extrinsic environmental factors influence the distribution and population
dynamics of many organisms, including insects that are of concern for human
health and agriculture. This is particularly true for vector-borne infectious
diseases, like malaria, which is a major source of morbidity and mortality in
humans. Understanding the mechanistic links between environment and population
processes for these diseases is key to predicting the consequences of climate
change on transmission and for developing effective interventions. An important
measure of the intensity of disease transmission is the reproductive number
$R_0$. However, understanding the mechanisms linking $R_0$ and temperature, an
environmental factor driving disease risk, can be challenging because the data
available for parameterization are often poor. To address this we show how a
Bayesian approach can help identify critical uncertainties in components of
$R_0$ and how this uncertainty is propagated into the estimate of $R_0$. Most
notably, we find that different parameters dominate the uncertainty at
different temperature regimes: bite rate from 15-25$^\circ$ C; fecundity across
all temperatures, but especially $\sim$25-32$^\circ$ C; mortality from
20-30$^\circ$ C; parasite development rate at $\sim$15-16$^\circ$C and again at
$\sim$33-35$^\circ$C. Focusing empirical studies on these parameters and
corresponding temperature ranges would be the most efficient way to improve
estimates of $R_0$. While we focus on malaria, our methods apply to improving
process-based models more generally, including epidemiological, physiological
niche, and species distribution models.


title:
Complexity of Word Collocation Networks: A Preliminary Structural
  Analysis

abstract:
  In this paper, we explore complex network properties of word collocation
networks (Ferret, 2002) from four different genres. Each document of a
particular genre was converted into a network of words with word collocations
as edges. We analyzed graphically and statistically how the global properties
of these networks varied across different genres, and among different network
types within the same genre. Our results indicate that the distributions of
network properties are visually similar but statistically apart across
different genres, and interesting variations emerge when we consider different
network types within a single genre. We further investigate how the global
properties change as we add more and more collocation edges to the graph of one
particular genre, and observe that except for the number of vertices and the
size of the largest connected component, network properties change in phases,
via jumps and drops.


title: On the stabilization of the Friedmann Big Bang by the shear stresses

abstract:
  The window is found in the space of the free parameters of the theory of
viscoelastic matter for which the Friedmann singularity is stable. Under
stability we mean that in the presence of the shear stresses the
\textit{generic} solution of the equations of relativistic gravity possessing
the isotropic, homogeneous and thermally equilibrated cosmological singularity
exists.


title: Harmonic morphisms from four dimensional Lie groups

abstract:
  We consider four dimensional Lie groups with left-invariant Riemannian
metrics. For such groups we classify left-invariant conformal foliations with
minimal leaves of codimension two. These foliations produce local
complex-valued harmonic morphisms.


title: Explore or exploit? A generic model and an exactly solvable case

abstract:
  Finding a good compromise between the exploitation of known resources and the
exploration of unknown, but potentially more profitable choices, is a general
problem, which arises in many different scientific disciplines. We propose a
stylized model for these exploration-exploitation situations, including
population or economic growth, portfolio optimisation, evolutionary dynamics,
or the problem of optimal pinning of vortices or dislocations in disordered
materials. We find the exact growth rate of this model for tree-like geometries
and prove the existence of an optimal migration rate in this case. Numerical
simulations in the one-dimensional case confirm the generic existence of an
optimum.

categories: cond-mat.dis-nn cs.LG physics.soc-ph q-fin.GN


title: Undoing the twist: the Ho\v{r}ava limit of Einstein-aether

abstract:
  We show that Ho\v{r}ava gravity can be obtained from Einstein-aether theory
in the limit that the twist coupling constant goes to infinity, while holding
fixed the expansion, shear and acceleration couplings. This limit helps to
clarify the relation between the two theories, and allows Ho\v{r}ava results to
be obtained from Einstein-aether ones. The limit is illustrated with several
examples, including rotating black hole equations, PPN parameters, and
radiation rates from binary systems.


title: Dark Mass Creation During EWPT Via Dark Energy Interaction

abstract:
  We add Dark Matter Dark Energy terms with a quintessence field interacting
with a Dark Matter field to a MSSM EW Lagrangian previously used to calculate
the magnetic field created during the EWPT. From the expectation value of the
quintessence field we estimate the Dark Matter mass for parameters used in
previous work on Dark Matter-Dark Energy interactions.


title: Turning Point Instabilities for Relativistic Stars and Black Holes

abstract:
  In the light of recent results relating dynamic and thermodynamic stability
of relativistic stars and black holes, we re-examine the relationship between
"turning points"---i.e., extrema of thermodynamic variables along a
one-parameter family of solutions---and instabilities. We give a proof of
Sorkin's general result---showing the existence of a thermodynamic instability
on one side of a turning point---that does not rely on heuristic arguments
involving infinite dimensional manifold structure. We use the turning point
results to prove the existence of a dynamic instability of black rings in 5
spacetime dimensions in the region where $c_J > 0$, in agreement with a result
of Figueras, Murata, and Reall.


title:
Geometry of non-compact minimal and marginally outer-trapped surfaces in
  asymptotically flat manifolds

abstract:
  In this article we extend several foundational results of the theory of
complete minimal surfaces of finite index in the Euclidean space to minimal
surfaces in asymptotically flat manifolds and, more generally, to marginally
outer-trapped surfaces in initial data sets of General Relativity. We show that
if an asymptotically flat 3-manifold (M,g) of nonnegative scalar curvature
contains a non-compact, properly embedded minimal surface which is stable and
has quadratic area growth, then it is isometric to the flat R^{3}. This
implies, for instance, that in presence of a positive ADM mass any sequence of
solutions to the Plateau problem with diverging boundaries can never have
uniform height bounds, even at a single point. The proof of this theorem is
based on a characterization of finite index minimal surfaces, on classical
infinitesimal rigidity results by Fischer-Colbrie and Schoen and on the
positive mass theorem by Schoen-Yau. More specifically, we also show that a
complete minimal surface of finite index inside an asymptotically flat
3-manifold has finitely many ends and each of these is a graph of a function
that has a suitable expansion at infinity, in analogy with a classical result
by Schoen for Euclidean spaces. In addition, we prove that a non-compact stable
MOTS in an initial data set (M,g,k) is conformally diffeomorphic to either the
plane C or to the cylinder A and in the latter case infinitesimal rigidity
holds. If the data have harmonic asymptotics, the former case is also proven to
be globally rigid in the sense that the presence of a stable MOTS forces an
isometric embedding of (M,g,k) in the Minkowski space-time (\mathbb{M},\eta) as
a space-like slice.


title:
Generation of multipartite spin entanglement from multimode squeezed
  states

abstract:
  We investigate the systematic use of the Schwinger representation, by virtue
of which two boson fields are equivalent to an effective spin, for casting
multimode squeezed states into multipartite spin entangled states. The
motivation for this endeavor is the following established fact: finitely
squeezed, two-mode entangled states can be recast into maximally entangled
bipartite spin states, irrespective of their level of squeezing (in the
lossless case). This work explores the generalization of this interesting
property to multipartite entanglement. While we found that the generalization
of multipartite Gaussian entanglement to multipartite spin entanglement is not
straightforward, there are nonetheless interesting features and entangled
states to be found. Here we study a few CV entangled states already realized
experimentally, and show that some of them correspond to multipartite spin
entangled states.


title: Cubic Differentials in the Differential Geometry of Surfaces

abstract:
  We discuss the local differential geometry of convex affine spheres in
$\re^3$ and of minimal Lagrangian surfaces in Hermitian symmetric spaces. In
each case, there is a natural metric and cubic differential holomorphic with
respect to the induced conformal structure: these data come from the Blaschke
metric and Pick form for the affine spheres and from the induced metric and
second fundamental form for the minimal Lagrangian surfaces. The local
geometry, at least for main cases of interest, induces a natural frame whose
structure equations arise from the affine Toda system for $\mathfrak
a^{(2)}_2$. We also discuss the global theory and applications to
representations of surface groups and to mirror symmetry.


title: Generalized geometry, T-duality, and renormalization group flow

abstract:
  We interpret the physical $B$-field renormalization group flow in the
language of Courant algebroids, clarifying the sense in which this flow is the
natural "Ricci flow" for generalized geometry. Next we show that the $B$-field
renormalization group flow preserves T-duality in a natural sense. As
corollaries we obtain new long time existence results for the $B$-field
renormalization group flow.


title: Tensor product of quotient Hilbert modules

abstract:
  In this paper, we present a unified approach to problems of tensor product of
quotient modules of Hilbert modules over $\mathbb{C}[z]$ and corresponding
submodules of reproducing kernel Hilbert modules over $\mathbb{C}[z_1, \ldots,
z_n]$ and the doubly commutativity property of module multiplication operators
by the coordinate functions. More precisely, for a reproducing kernel Hilbert
module $\clh$ over $\mathbb{C}[z_1, \ldots, z_n]$ of analytic functions on the
polydisc in $\mathbb{C}^n$ which satisfies certain conditions, we characterize
the quotient modules $\q$ of $\clh$ such that $\q$ is of the form $\q_1 \otimes
\cdots \otimes \q_n$, for some one variable quotient modules $\{\q_1, \ldots,
\q_n\}$. For $\clh$ the Hardy module over polydisc $H^2(\mathbb{D}^n)$, this
reduces to some recent results by Izuchi, Nakazi and Seto and the third author.
This is used to obtain a classification of co-doubly commuting submodules for a
class of reproducing kernel Hilbert modules over the unit polydisc. These
results are applied to compute the cross commutators of co-doubly commuting
submodules. This is used to give further insight into the wandering subspaces
and ranks of submodules of the Hardy module case. Our results includes the case
of weighted Bergman modules over the unit polydisc in $\mathbb{C}^n$.


title:
How Many of the Observed Neutrino Events Can Be Described by Cosmic Ray
  Interactions in the Milky Way?

abstract:
  Cosmic rays diffuse through the interstellar medium and interact with matter
and radiations as long as they are trapped in the Galactic magnetic field. The
IceCube experiment has detected some TeV-PeV neutrino events whose origin is
yet unknown. We study if all or a fraction of these events can be described by
the interactions of cosmic rays with matter.
  We consider the average target density needed to explain them for different
halo sizes and shapes, the effect of the chemical composition of the cosmic
rays, the impact of the directional information of the neutrino events, and the
constraints from gamma ray bounds and their direction. We do not require
knowledge of the cosmic ray escape time or injection for our approach. We find
that, given all constraints, at most 0.1 of the observed neutrino events in
Ice-Cube can be described by cosmic ray interactions with matter. In addition,
we demonstrate that the currently established chemical composition of the
cosmic rays contradicts a peak of the neutrino spectrum at PeV energies.


title: Traps to the BGJT-Algorithm for Discrete Logarithms

abstract:
  In the recent breakthrough paper by Barbulescu, Gaudry, Joux and Thom{\'e}, a
quasi-polynomial time algorithm (QPA) is proposed for the discrete logarithm
problem over finite fields of small characteristic. The time complexity
analysis of the algorithm is based on several heuristics presented in their
paper. We show that some of the heuristics are problematic in their original
forms, in particular, when the field is not a Kummer extension. We believe that
the basic idea behind the new approach should still work, and propose a fix to
the algorithm in non-Kummer cases, without altering the quasi-polynomial time
complexity. The modified algorithm is also heuristic. Further study is required
in order to fully understand the effectiveness of the new approach.


title:
A Joint Uplink/Downlink Opportunistic Scheduling Scheme for
  Infrastructure WLANs

abstract:
  We propose a combined uplink/downlink opportunistic scheduling algorithm for
infrastructure WLANs. In the presence of both uplink and downlink flows, an
infrastructure WLAN suffers from the uplink/downlink unfairness problem which
severely decreases the throughput of the access point (AP). We resolve the
unfairness by maintaining a separate queue and a backoff timer for each
associated mobile station (STA) at the AP. We also increase the system
throughput by making the backoff time a function of the channel gains. This
reduces the collision probability also. We theoretically analyze the
performance of the system under symmetric statistics for all users and validate
the analysis by extensive simulations. Simulation results show increase in
system throughput by over 40% compared to the 802.11 MAC.


title: Nanopore Fabrication by Controlled Dielectric Breakdown

abstract:
  Nanofabrication techniques for achieving dimensional control at the nanometer
scale are generally equipment-intensive and time-consuming. The use of
energetic beams of electrons or ions has placed the fabrication of nanopores in
thin solid-state membranes within reach of some academic laboratories, yet
these tools are not accessible to many researchers and are poorly suited for
mass-production. Here we describe a fast and simple approach for fabricating a
single nanopore down to 2-nm in size with sub-nm precision, directly in
solution, by controlling dielectric breakdown at the nanoscale. The method
relies on applying a voltage across an insulating membrane to generate a high
electric field, while monitoring the induced leakage current. We show that
nanopores fabricated by this method produce clear electrical signals from
translocating DNA molecules. Considering the tremendous reduction in complexity
and cost, we envision this fabrication strategy would not only benefit
researchers from the physical and life sciences interested in gaining reliable
access to solid-state nanopores, but may provide a path towards manufacturing
of nanopore-based biotechnologies.


title: Loop group actions on categories and Whittaker invariants

abstract:
  We develop some aspects of the theory of $D$-modules on ind-schemes of
pro-finite type. These notions are used to define $D$-modules on (algebraic)
loop groups and, consequently, actions of loop groups on DG categories.
  Let $N$ be the maximal unipotent subgroup of a reductive group $G$. For a
non-degenerate character $\chi: N(\!(t)\!) \to \mathbb{G}_a$ and a category
$\mathcal{C}$ acted upon by $N(\!(t)\!) $, we define the category
$\mathcal{C}^{N(\!(t)\!), \chi}$ of $(N(\!(t)\!), \chi)$-invariant objects,
along with the coinvariant category $\mathcal{C}_{N(\!(t)\!), \chi}$. These are
the Whittaker categories of $\mathcal{C}$, which are in general not equivalent.
However, there is always a family of functors $\Theta_k:
\mathcal{C}_{N(\!(t)\!), \chi} \to \mathcal{C}^{N(\!(t)\!), \chi}$,
parametrized by $k \in \mathbb{Z}$.
  We conjecture that each $\Theta_k$ is an equivalence, provided that the
$N(\!(t)\!)$-action on $\mathcal{C}$ extends to a $G(\!(t)\!)$-action. Using
the Fourier-Deligne transform (adapted to Tate vector spaces), we prove this
conjecture for $G= GL_n$ and show that the Whittaker categories can be obtained
by taking invariants of $\mathcal{C}$ with respect to a very explicit
pro-unipotent group subscheme (not ind-scheme) of $G(\!(t)\!)$.


title: Rotating BTZ Black Holes and One Dimensional Holographic Superconductors

abstract:
  We consider charged rotating BTZ black holes in 2+1 dimensions and obtain 1+1
dimensional holographic superconductors on a spatial circle in the context of
the $AdS_3/CFT_2$ correspondence. The charged condensate for the boundary
superconductor is computed both in the analytic and the numerical framework in
a probe limit and a low angular momentum approximation. A critical value of the
angular momentum for the onset of superconductivity is established. We also
numerically compute the electrical conductivity of the 1+1 dimensional boundary
theory on a circle. The conductivity exhibits a dependence on angular momentum
of the rotating black hole both for the normal and the superconducting phase of
the boundary field theory. The significance of the boundary field theory in the
context of a Fermi-Luttinger liquid on a circle is discussed.


title:
Enhancement of Majorana Dark Matter Annihilation Through Higgs
  Bremsstrahlung

abstract:
  For Majorana dark matter, gauge boson bremsstrahlung plays an important role
in enhancing an otherwise helicity-suppressed s-wave annihilation
cross-section. This is well known for processes involving a radiated photon or
gluon together with a Standard Model fermion-antifermion pair, and the case of
massive electroweak gauge bosons has also recently been studied. Here we show
that internal Higgs bremsstrahlung also lifts helicity suppression and could be
the dominant contribution to the annihilation rate in the late Universe for
dark matter masses below ~1 TeV. Using a toy model of leptophilic dark matter,
we calculate the annihilation cross-section into a lepton-antilepton pair with
a Higgs boson and investigate the energy spectra of the final stable particles
at the annihilation point.


title:
Constraining the Little Higgs model of Schmaltz, Stolarski, and Thaler
  with recent results from the LHC

abstract:
  In this paper, we use the latest Higgs measurements from ATLAS and CMS to
constrain the parameter space of the model of Schmaltz, Stolarski and Thaler, a
Little Higgs model with two Higgs doublets, which we will refer to as the BLH
model. We account for all production and decay modes explored at ATLAS and CMS
in two scenarios: a general case, which assumes the $h_0$ state is light
($m_{h_0} \approx 125$ GeV) and the masses of the other neutral scalars ($H_0$
and $A_0$) are allowed to vary, and a case with a near-degeneracy between the
masses of the $h_0$ and $A_0$ and, for some choices of parameters, the $H_0$
states. The near-degeneracy scenario can result in an enhanced diphoton rate,
as measured by ATLAS, but is largely ruled out by a combination of the $h_0
\rightarrow \tau^+\tau^-$ and the heavy $H_0 \rightarrow W^+W^-$ measurements.
In the general case, we find large regions of parameter space that are in
better agreement with either the ATLAS or CMS results than is the SM. However,
a significantly enhanced diphoton rate is only possible through large
contributions to the $h_0 \gamma \gamma$ effective coupling from charged Higgs
bosons in a region of parameter space that borders on violation of
perturbativity in the scalar sector.


title:
Reconstruction of constitutive parameters in isotropic linear elasticity
  from noisy full-field measurements

abstract:
  Within the framework of linear elasticity we assume the availability of
internal full-field measurements of the continuum deformations of a
non-homogeneous isotropic solid. The aim is the quantitative reconstruction of
the associated moduli. A simple gradient system for the sought constitutive
parameters is derived algebraically from the momentum equation, whose
coefficients are expressed in terms of the measured displacement fields and
their spatial derivatives. Direct integration of this system is discussed to
finally demonstrate the inexpediency of such an approach when dealing with
noisy data. Upon using polluted measurements, an alternative variational
formulation is deployed to invert for the physical parameters. Analysis of this
latter inversion procedure provides existence and uniqueness results while the
reconstruction stability with respect to the measurements is investigated. As
the inversion procedure requires differentiating the measurements twice, a
numerical differentiation scheme based on an ad hoc regularization then allows
an optimally stable reconstruction of the sought moduli. Numerical results are
included to illustrate and assess the performance of the overall approach.


title: Vertex Operators Arising from Linear ODEs

abstract:
  The Heisenberg Oscillator Algebra admits irreducible representations both on
the ring $B$ of polynomials in infinitely many indeterminates (the {\em bosonic
representation}) and on a graded-by-{\em charge} vector space, the {\em
semi-infinite} exterior power of an infinite-dimensional ${\mathbf Q}$-vector
space $V$ (the {\em fermionic representation}). Our main observation is that
$V$ can be realized as the ${\mathbf Q}$-vector space generated by the
solutions to a generic linear ODE of {\em infinite order}. Within this
framework, the well known {\em boson-fermion} correspondence for the zero
charge fermionic space is a consequence of the formula expressing each solution
to a linear ODE as a linear combination of the elements of the universal basis
of solutions. In this paper we extend the picture for linear ODEs of finite
order. Vertex operators are defined and fully described in this case.


title: Randomness and Semi-measures

abstract:
  A semi-measure is a generalization of a probability measure obtained by
relaxing the additivity requirement to super-additivity. We introduce and study
several randomness notions for left-c.e. semi-measures, a natural class of
effectively approximable semi-measures induced by Turing functionals. Among the
randomness notions we consider, the generalization of weak 2-randomness to
left-c.e. semi-measures is the most compelling, as it best reflects
Martin-L\"of randomness with respect to a computable measure. Additionally, we
analyze a question of Shen, a positive answer to which would also have yielded
a reasonable randomness notion for left-c.e. semi-measures. Unfortunately
though, we find a negative answer, except for some special cases.


title: Matrix Valued Orthogonal Polynomials for Gelfand Pairs of Rank One

abstract:
  In this paper we study matrix valued orthogonal polynomials of one variable
associated with a compact connected Gelfand pair (G,K) of rank one, as a
generalization of earlier work by Koornwinder and subsequently by Koelink, van
Pruijssen and Roman for the pair (SU(2) x SU(2),SU(2)), and by Gr\"unbaum,
Pacharoni and Tirao for the pair (SU(3),U(2)).
  Our method is based on representation theory using an explicit determination
of the relevant branching rules. Our matrix valued orthogonal polynomials have
the Sturm--Liouville property of being eigenfunctions of a second order matrix
valued linear differential operator coming from the Casimir operator, and in
fact are eigenfunctions of a commutative algebra of matrix valued linear
differential operators coming from $U(g_c)^K$.


title: Quark-gluon plasma phenomenology from the lattice

abstract:
  The FASTSUM Collaboration has calculated several quantities relevant for QCD
studies at non-zero temperature using the lattice technique. We report here our
results for the (i) interquark potential in charmonium; (ii) bottomonium
spectral functions; and (iii) electrical conductivity. All results were
obtained with 2+1 flavours of dynamical fermions on an anisotropic lattice
which allows greater resolution in the temporal direction.


title: On the symmetry of the quantum-mechanical particle in a cubic box

abstract:
  In this paper we show that the point-group (geometrical) symmetry is
insufficient to account for the degeneracy of the energy levels of the particle
in a cubic box. The discrepancy is due to hidden (dynamical symmetry). We
obtain the operators that commute with the Hamiltonian one and connect
eigenfunctions of different symmetries. We also show that the addition of a
suitable potential inside the box breaks the dynamical symmetry but preserves
the geometrical one.The resulting degeneracy is that predicted by point-group
symmetry.


title:
Heavy Rydberg Photo-dissociation Cross-section Calculations and
  Experimental Progress Towards Cold Collisions in Lithium

abstract:
  This thesis is divided into two parts, each of which supports constructing
and using a lithium magneto-optical trap for cold collision studies:
  Part I: One outgoing channel of interest from cold collisions is the
production of ion pairs. We describe an effective method for calculating
bound-to-continuum cross-sections for charged binary systems by examining
transitions to states above the binding energy that become bound when the
system is placed within an infinite spherical well. This approach is verified
for ionization of a hydrogen atom, and is then applied to the heavy Rydberg
system Li+...I-.
  Part II: A wavemeter previously built in the lab is redesigned for increased
reliability and ease of use by replacing the optical hardware with a rocker
system, which can be aligned in mere minutes rather than half a day as was
previously the case. The new wavemeter has been tested through saturated
absorption spectroscopy of lithium.


title: Existentially closed II_1 factors

abstract:
  We examine the properties of existentially closed (R^omega-embeddable) II_1
factors. In particular, we use the fact that every automorphism of an
existentially closed (R^omega-embeddable) II_1 factor is approximately inner to
prove that Th(R) is not model-complete. We also show that Th(R) is complete for
both finite and infinite forcing and use the latter result to prove that there
exist continuum many nonisomorphic existentially closed models of Th(R).


title:
Correlation of positive and negative reciprocity fails to confer an
  evolutionary advantage: Phase transitions to elementary strategies

abstract:
  Economic experiments reveal that humans value cooperation and fairness.
Punishing unfair behavior is therefore common, and according to the theory of
strong reciprocity, it is also directly related to rewarding cooperative
behavior. However, empirical data fail to confirm that positive and negative
reciprocity are correlated. Inspired by this disagreement, we determine whether
the combined application of reward and punishment is evolutionary advantageous.
We study a spatial public goods game, where in addition to the three elementary
strategies of defection, rewarding and punishment, a fourth strategy combining
the later two competes for space. We find rich dynamical behavior that gives
rise to intricate phase diagrams where continuous and discontinuous phase
transitions occur in succession. Indirect territorial competition, spontaneous
emergence of cyclic dominance, as well as divergent fluctuations of
oscillations that terminate in an absorbing phase are observed. Yet despite the
high complexity of solutions, the combined strategy can survive only in very
narrow and unrealistic parameter regions. Elementary strategies, either in pure
or mixed phases, are much more common and likely to prevail. Our results
highlight the importance of patterns and structure in human cooperation, which
should be considered in future experiments.


title: Transverse Demagnetization Dynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas

abstract:
  Understanding the quantum dynamics of strongly interacting fermions is a
problem relevant to diverse forms of matter, including high-temperature
superconductors, neutron stars, and quark-gluon plasma. An appealing benchmark
is offered by cold atomic gases in the unitary limit of strong interactions.
Here we study the dynamics of a transversely magnetized unitary Fermi gas in an
inhomogeneous magnetic field. We observe the demagnetization of the gas, caused
by diffusive spin transport. At low temperatures, the diffusion constant
saturates to the conjectured quantum-mechanical lower bound $\simeq \hbar/m$,
where $m$ is the particle mass. The development of pair correlations,
indicating the transformation of the initially non-interacting gas towards a
unitary spin mixture, is observed by measuring Tan's contact parameter.


title: The Property of Having a $k$-Regular Subgraph Has a Sharp Threshold

abstract:
  We prove that the property of containing a $k$-regular subgraph in the random
graph model $G(n,p)$ has a sharp threshold for $k\ge3$. We also show how to use
similar methods to obtain an easy prove for the (known fact of) sharpness of
having a non empty $k$-core for $k\ge3$.


title: Crowdsourced Task Routing via Matrix Factorization

abstract:
  We describe methods to predict a crowd worker's accuracy on new tasks based
on his accuracy on past tasks. Such prediction provides a foundation for
identifying the best workers to route work to in order to maximize accuracy on
the new task. Our key insight is to model similarity of past tasks to the
target task such that past task accuracies can be optimally integrated to
predict target task accuracy. We describe two matrix factorization (MF)
approaches from collaborative filtering which not only exploit such task
similarity, but are known to be robust to sparse data. Experiments on synthetic
and real-world datasets provide feasibility assessment and comparative
evaluation of MF approaches vs. two baseline methods. Across a range of data
scales and task similarity conditions, we evaluate: 1) prediction error over
all workers; and 2) how well each method predicts the best workers to use for
each task. Results show the benefit of task routing over random assignment, the
strength of probabilistic MF over baseline methods, and the robustness of
methods under different conditions.


title: Quantifying the reheating temperature of the universe

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to determine an exact definition of the reheat
temperature for a generic perturbative decay of the inflaton. In order to
estimate the reheat temperature, there are two important conditions one needs
to satisfy: (a) the decay products of the inflaton must dominate the energy
density of the universe, i.e. the universe becomes completely radiation
dominated, and (b) the decay products of the inflaton have attained local
thermodynamical equilibrium. For some choices of parameters, the latter is a
more stringent condition, such that the decay products may thermalise much
after the beginning of radiation-domination. Consequently, we have obtained
that the reheat temperature can be much lower than the standard-lore
estimation. In this paper we describe under what conditions our universe could
have efficient or inefficient thermalisation, and quantify the reheat
temperature for both the scenarios. This result has an immediate impact on many
applications which rely on the thermal history of the universe, in particular
gravitino abundance.

categories: hep-ph astro-ph.CO astro-ph.HE gr-qc hep-th


title:
Weather on the Nearest Brown Dwarfs: Resolved Simultaneous
  Multi-Wavelength Variability Monitoring of WISE J104915.57-531906.1AB

abstract:
  We present two epochs of MPG/ESO 2.2m GROND simultaneous 6-band ($r'i'z'JHK$)
photometric monitoring of the closest known L/T transition brown dwarf binary
WISE J104915.57-531906.1AB. We report here the first resolved variability
monitoring of both the T0.5 and L7.5 components. We obtained 4 hours of focused
observations on the night of UT 2013-04-22, as well as 4 hours of defocused
(unresolved) observations on the night of UT 2013-04-16. We note a number of
robust trends in our light curves. The $r'$ and $i'$ light curves appear to be
anticorrelated with $z'$ and $H$ for the T0.5 component and in the unresolved
lightcurve. In the defocused dataset, $J$ appears correlated with $z'$ and $H$
and anticorrelated with $r'$ and $i'$, while in the focused dataset we measure
no variability for $J$ at the level of our photometric precision, likely due to
evolving weather phenomena. In our focused T0.5 component lightcurve, the $K$
band lightcurve displays a significant phase offset relative to both $H$ and
$z'$. We argue that the measured phase offsets are correlated with atmospheric
pressure probed at each band, as estimated from 1D atmospheric models. We also
report low-amplitude variability in $i'$ and $z'$ intrinsic to the L7.5
component.


title:
A new stellar chemo-kinematic relation reveals the merger history of the
  Milky Way disc

abstract:
  The velocity dispersions of stars near the Sun are known to increase with
stellar age, but age can be difficult to determine so a proxy like the
abundance of alpha elements (e.g., Mg) with respect to iron, [alpha/Fe], is
used. Here we report an unexpected behavior found in the velocity dispersion of
a sample of giant stars from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey with
high quality chemical and kinematical information, in that it decreases
strongly for stars with [Mg/Fe] > 0.4 dex (i.e., those that formed in the first
Gyr of the Galaxy's life). These findings can be explained by perturbations
from massive mergers in the early Universe, which have affected more strongly
the outer parts of the disc, and the subsequent radial migration of stars with
cooler kinematics from the inner disc. Similar reversed trends in velocity
dispersion are also found for different metallicity subpopulations. Our results
suggest that the Milky Way disc merger history can be recovered by relating the
observed chemo-kinematic relations to the properties of past merger events.


title:
Fluctuation-Driven Selection at Criticality in a Frustrated Magnetic
  System: the Case of Multiple-k Partial Order on the Pyrochlore Lattice

abstract:
  We study the problem of partially ordered phases with periodically arranged
disordered (paramagnetic) sites on the pyrochlore lattice, a network of
corner-sharing tetrahedra. The periodicity of these phases is characterized by
one or more wave vectors k=(1/2 1/2 1/2). Starting from a general microscopic
Hamiltonian including anisotropic nearest-neighbor exchange, long-range dipolar
interactions and second- and third-nearest neighbor exchange, we identify using
standard mean-field theory (s-MFT) an extended range of interaction parameters
that support partially ordered phases. We demonstrate that thermal fluctuations
ignored in s-MFT are responsible for the selection of one particular partially
ordered phase, e.g. the "4-k" phase over the "1-k" phase. We suggest that the
transition into the 4-k phase is continuous with its critical properties
controlled by the cubic fixed point of a Ginzburg-Landau theory with a
4-component vector order-parameter. By combining an extension of the
Thouless-Anderson-Palmer method originally used to study fluctuations in spin
glasses with parallel-tempering Monte-Carlo simulations, we establish the phase
diagram for different types of partially ordered phases. Our results elucidate
the long-standing puzzle concerning the origin of the 4-k partially ordered
phase observed in the Gd2Ti2O7 dipolar pyrochlore antiferromagnet below its
paramagnetic phase transition temperature.


title: A Non-radial Oscillation Mode in an Accreting Millisecond Pulsar?

abstract:
  We present results of targeted searches for signatures of non-radial
oscillation modes (such as r- and g-modes) in neutron stars using {\it RXTE}
data from several accreting millisecond X-ray pulsars (AMXPs). We search for
potentially coherent signals in the neutron star rest frame by first removing
the phase delays associated with the star's binary motion and computing FFT
power spectra of continuous light curves with up to $2^{30}$ time bins. We
search a range of frequencies in which both r- and g-modes are theoretically
expected to reside. Using data from the discovery outburst of the 435 Hz pulsar
XTE J1751$-$305 we find a single candidate, coherent oscillation with a
frequency of $0.5727597 \times \nu_{spin} = 249.332609$ Hz, and a fractional
Fourier amplitude of $7.46 \times 10^{-4}$. We estimate the significance of
this feature at the $1.6 \times 10^{-3}$ level, slightly better than a
$3\sigma$ detection. We argue that possible mode identifications include
rotationally-modified g-modes associated with either a helium-rich surface
layer or a density discontinuity due to electron captures on hydrogen in the
accreted ocean. Alternatively, the frequency could be identified with that of
an inertial mode or an r-mode modified by the presence of a solid crust,
however, the r-mode amplitude required to account for the observed modulation
amplitude would induce a large spin-down rate inconsistent with the observed
pulse timing measurements. For the AMXPs XTE J1814$-$338 and NGC 6440 X-2 we do
not find any candidate oscillation signals, and we place upper limits on the
fractional Fourier amplitude of any coherent oscillations in our frequency
search range of $7.8\times 10^{-4}$ and $5.6 \times 10^{-3}$, respectively. We
briefly discuss the prospects and sensitivity for similar searches with future,
larger X-ray collecting area missions.


title:
Star Formation and AGN Activity in Interacting Galaxies: A Near-UV
  Perspective

abstract:
  We study nearby galaxies in close pairs to study the key factors affecting
star formation and AGN activity triggered during galaxy interactions. Close
pairs are selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey assuming a projected
separation of $<$30kpc and recessional velocity difference $<$500km s$^{-1}$.
Near-ultraviolet (NUV) fluxes from GALEX are used to estimate specific star
formation rates (SSFRs). We find a factor of $\sim$5.3 increase in SSFR for low
mass (10$^{8}-10^{11}$M$_{\odot}$) close pair galaxies and a factor of
$\sim$2.1 increase in SSFR for high mass mass (10$^{11}-10^{13}$M$_{\odot}$)
close pairs compared to the general galaxy population. Considering galaxies of
all masses, we find a factor of $\sim$1.8 enhancement in SSFR for close pairs
in field environments compared to non-pairs, with no significant increase for
pairs in group and cluster environments. A modest decrease of a factor of
$\sim$1.4 is found in the Seyfert fraction in close pair galaxies when compared
to isolated galaxies, which suggests that mergers may not trigger AGN activity
at the close-pair stage or may trigger a different class of AGN. This becomes a
factor of $\sim$4.2 decrease when we restrict our analysis to high mass close
pairs in group or cluster environments.


title:
Chameleons in the Early Universe: Kicks, Rebounds, and Particle
  Production

abstract:
  Chameleon gravity is a scalar-tensor theory that includes a non-minimal
coupling between the scalar field and the matter fields and yet mimics general
relativity in the Solar System. The scalar degree of freedom is hidden in
high-density environments because the effective mass of the chameleon scalar
depends on the trace of the stress-energy tensor. In the early Universe, when
the trace of the matter stress-energy tensor is nearly zero, the chameleon is
very light, and Hubble friction prevents it from reaching the minimum of its
effective potential. Whenever a particle species becomes non-relativistic,
however, the trace of the stress-energy tensor is temporarily nonzero, and the
chameleon begins to roll. We show that these "kicks" to the chameleon field
have catastrophic consequences for chameleon gravity. The velocity imparted to
the chameleon by the kick is sufficiently large that the chameleon's mass
changes rapidly as it slides past its potential minimum. This nonadiabatic
evolution shatters the chameleon field by generating extremely high-energy
perturbations through quantum particle production. If the chameleon's coupling
to matter is slightly stronger than gravitational, the excited modes have
trans-Planckian momenta. The production of modes with momenta exceeding 1e7 GeV
can only be avoided for small couplings and finely tuned initial conditions.
These quantum effects also significantly alter the background evolution of the
chameleon field, and we develop new analytic and numerical techniques to treat
quantum particle production in the regime of strong dissipation. This analysis
demonstrates that chameleon gravity cannot be treated as a classical field
theory at the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and casts doubt on chameleon
gravity's viability as an alternative to general relativity.


title: Phenomenology of the Higgs Effective Lagrangian via FeynRules

abstract:
  The Higgs discovery and the lack of any other hint for new physics favor a
description of non-standard Higgs physics in terms of an effective field
theory. We present an implementation of a general Higgs effective Lagrangian
containing operators up to dimension six in the framework of FeynRules and
provide details on the translation between the mass and interaction bases, in
particular for three- and four-point interaction vertices involving Higgs and
gauge bosons. We illustrate the strengths of this implementation by using the
UFO interface of FeynRules capable to generate model files that can be
understood by the MadGraph 5 event generator and that have the specificity to
contain all interaction vertices, without any restriction on the number of
external legs or on the complexity of the Lorentz structures. We then
investigate several new physics effects in total rates and differential
distributions for different Higgs production modes, including gluon fusion,
associated production with a gauge boson and di-Higgs production. We finally
study contact interactions of gauge and Higgs bosons to fermions.


title:
Dilution in elliptical galaxies: Implications for the relation between
  metallicity, stellar mass and star formation rate

abstract:
  We investigate whether gradual dilution of the gas in some elliptical
galaxies is the cause of a positive correlation between star formation rate
(SFR) and gas-phase metallicity (Zg) at high stellar mass (M*) in the local
Universe. To do this, two classes of massive (M* >= 10^10.5 Msun) galaxy are
selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Munich semi-analytic
model of galaxy formation, L-Galaxies. The first class is selected by high
specific star formation rates (sSFR) and high Zg, and the second class by low
sSFR and low Zg. These criteria roughly distinguish disc-dominant galaxies from
metal-poor, elliptical galaxies. In the semi-analytic model, the second class
of galaxies obtain low sSFR and low Zg due to gradual dilution of the
interstellar medium by accretion of metal-poor gas via infalling clumps and
low-mass satellites. This occurs after a merger-induced starburst and the
associated supernova feedback have quenched most of the original gas reservoir.
A number of signatures of this evolution are present in these model galaxies at
z=0, including low gas fractions, large central black holes, elliptical
morphologies, old ages, and importantly, low (Zg-Z*) indicating dilution after
star formation. Remarkably, all of these properties are also found in low-sSFR,
low-Zg, massive galaxies in the SDSS-DR7. This provides strong, indirect
evidence that some elliptical galaxies are undergoing gradual dilution after a
gas-rich merger in the local Universe. This dilution scenario also explains the
positive correlation between SFR and Zg measured in high-M* galaxies, and
therefore has consequences for the local fundamental metallicity relation
(FMR), which assumes a weak anti-correlation between SFR and Zg above 10^10.5
Msun.


title: Gravitational Interactions of Higher-Spin Fermions

abstract:
  We investigate the cubic interactions of a massless higher-spin fermion with
gravity in flat space and present covariant 2-s-s vertices, compatible with the
gauge symmetries of the system, preserving parity. This explicit construction
relies on the BRST deformation scheme that assumes locality and Poincare
invariance. Consistent nontrivial cubic deformations exclude minimal
gravitational coupling and may appear only with a number of derivatives
constrained in a given range. Derived in an independent manner, our results do
agree with those obtained from the light-cone formulation or inspired by string
theory. We also show that none of the Abelian vertices deform the gauge
transformations, while all the non-Abelian ones are obstructed in a local
theory beyond the cubic order.


title: Quench Dynamics of Isolated Many-Body Quantum Systems

abstract:
  We study isolated quantum systems with two-body interactions after a quench.
In these systems, the energy shell is a Gaussian of width $\sigma$, and it
gives the maximum possible spreading of the energy distribution of the initial
states. When the distribution achieves this shape, the fidelity decay can be
Gaussian until saturation. This establishes a lower bound for the fidelity
decay in realistic systems. An ultimate bound for systems with many-body
interactions is also derived based on the analysis of full random matrices. We
find excellent agreement between numerical and analytical results. We also
provide the conditions under which the short-time dynamics of few-body
observables is controlled by $\sigma$. The analyses are developed for systems,
initial states, and observables accessible to experiments.


title:
VLA and CARMA Observations of Protostars in the Cepheus Clouds:
  Sub-arcsecond Proto-Binaries Formed via Disk Fragmentation

abstract:
  We present observations of three Class 0/I protostars (L1157-mm, CB230 IRS1,
and L1165-SMM1) using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and
observations of two (L1165-SMM1 and CB230 IRS1) with the Combined Array for
Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). The VLA observations were taken
at wavelengths of $\lambda = 7.3$ mm, 1.4 cm, 3.3 cm, 4.0 cm, and 6.5 cm with a
best resolution of $\sim$0\farcs06 (18 AU) at 7.3 mm. The L1165-SMM1 CARMA
observations were taken at $\lambda = 1.3$ mm with a best resolution of
$\sim0\farcs3$ (100 AU), and the CB230 IRS1 observations were taken at $\lambda
= 3.4$ mm with a best resolution of $\sim$3\arcsec\ (900 AU). We find that
L1165-SMM1 and CB230 IRS1 have probable binary companions at separations of
$\sim$0\farcs3 (100 AU) from detections of secondary peaks at multiple
wavelengths. The position angles of these companions are nearly orthogonal to
the direction of the observed bipolar outflows, consistent with the expected
protostellar disk orientations. We suggest that these companions may have
formed from disk fragmentation; turbulent fragmentation would not
preferentially arrange the binary companions to be orthogonal to the outflow
direction. For L1165-SMM1, both the 7.3 mm and 1.3 mm emission show evidence of
a large (R $>$ 100 AU) disk. For the L1165-SMM1 primary protostar and the CB230
IRS1 secondary protostar, the 7.3 mm emission is resolved into structures
consistent with $\sim20$ AU radius disks. For the other protostars, including
L1157-mm, the emission is unresolved, suggesting disks with radii $< 20$ AU.


title: Isometries of a Generalized Numerical Radius on Compact Operators

abstract:
  We describe all isometries of the $q$-numerical radius on the space
${\mathcal K}(\mathcal H)$ of compact operators on a (possibly
infinite-dimensional) Hilbert space $\mathcal H$.


title:
Convergence rates of recursive Newton-type methods for multifrequency
  scattering problems

abstract:
  We are concerned with the reconstruction of a sound-soft obstacle using far
field measurements of the scattered waves associated with incident plane waves
sent from one direction but at multiple frequencies. We define, for each
frequency, the observable shape as the one which is described by finitely many
modes and produces a far field pattern close to the measured one. In the first
step, we propose a recursive Newton-type method for the reconstruction of the
observable shape at the highest frequency knowing an estimate of the observable
shape at the lowest frequency. We analyze its convergence and derive its
convergence rate in terms of the frequency step, the number of the Newton
iterations and the noise level. In the second step, we design a multilevel
Newton method which has the same convergence rate as the one described in the
first step but avoids the need of a good estimate of the observable shape at
the lowest frequency and a small frequency step (or a large number of Newton
iterations). The performances of the proposed algorithms are illustrated with
numerical results using simulated data.


title: On the Observability of the Quark Orbital Angular Momentum Distribution

abstract:
  We argue that due to Parity constraints, the helicity combination of the
purely momentum space counterparts of the Wigner distributions -- the
generalized transverse momentum distributions -- that describes the
configuration of an unpolarized quark in a longitudinally polarized nucleon,
can enter the deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitude only through matrix
elements involving a final state interaction. The relevant matrix elements in
turn involve light cone operators projections in the transverse direction, or
they appear in the deeply virtual Compton scattering amplitude at twist three.
Orbital angular momentum or the spin structure of the nucleon was a major
reason for these various distributions and amplitudes to have been introduced.
We show that the twist three contributions associated to orbital angular
momentum %to deeply virtual Compton scattering provide observables related to
orbital angular momentum and are related to the target-spin asymmetry in deeply
virtual Compton scattering, already measured at HERMES.


title: Sensor Compendium

abstract:
  Sensors play a key role in detecting both charged particles and photons for
all three frontiers in Particle Physics. The signals from an individual sensor
that can be used include ionization deposited, phonons created, or light
emitted from excitations of the material. The individual sensors are then
typically arrayed for detection of individual particles or groups of particles.
Mounting of new, ever higher performance experiments, often depend on advances
in sensors in a range of performance characteristics. These performance metrics
can include position resolution for passing particles, time resolution on
particles impacting the sensor, and overall rate capabilities. In addition the
feasible detector area and cost frequently provides a limit to what can be
built and therefore is often another area where improvements are important.
Finally, radiation tolerance is becoming a requirement in a broad array of
devices. We present a status report on a broad category of sensors, including
challenges for the future and work in progress to solve those challenges


title:
Obtaining bounds from ultra-high energy cosmic rays in isotropic
  modified Maxwell theory

abstract:
  This article reviews the methods used to obtain a two-sided bound on
isotropic modified Maxwell theory from experimental data of ultra high-energy
cosmic rays in 2008. The bound is updated with results from the HEGRA
experiment.


title: Antiscreening of the Ampere force in QED and QCD plasmas

abstract:
  The static forces between electric charges and currents are modified at the
loop level by the presence of a plasma. While electric charges are screened,
currents are not. The effective coupling constant at long distances is enhanced
in both cases as compared to the vacuum, and by different amounts, a clear sign
that Lorentz symmetry is broken. We investigate these effects quantitatively,
first in a QED plasma and secondly using non-perturbative simulations of QCD
with two light degenerate flavors of quarks.


title:
Slowed exclusion process: hydrodynamics, fluctuations and phase
  transitions

abstract:
  This is a short survey on recent results obtained by the authors on dynamical
phase transitions of interacting particle systems. We consider particle systems
with exclusion dynamics, but it is conjectured that our results should hold for
a general class of particle systems. The parameter giving rise to the phase
transition is the "slowness" of a single bond in the discrete lattice. The
phase transition is verified not only in the hydrodynamics, but also in the
fluctuations of the density, the current and the tagged particle. Moreover, we
found a phase transition in the continuum, that is, at the level of the
hydrodynamic equations, in agreement with the dynamical phase transition for
the particle systems.


title:
$C1$-Genericity of Symplectic Diffeomorphisms and Lower Bounds for
  Topological Entropy

abstract:
  There is a $C^1$-residual (Baire second class) subset $\mathcal{R}$ of
symplectic diffeomorphisms on $2d$-dimensional manifold, $d\geq 1$, such that
for every non-Anosov $f$ in $\mathcal{R}$ its topological entropy is lower
bounded by the supremum of the Lyapunov exponents of their hyperbolic periodic
points in the \emph{unbreakable central subbundle} (i.e., central direction
with no dominated splitting) of $f$. The previous result deals with the fact
that for $f$ in a residual set $\tilde{\mathcal{R}}$ of symplectic
diffeomorphisms (containing $\mathcal{R}$) satisfies a trichotomy: or $f$ is
Anosov or $f$ is robustly transitive partially hyperbolic with {\em unbreakable
center} of dimension $2m$, $0 < m < d$, or $f$ has totally elliptic periodic
points dense on $M$. In the second case, we also show the existence of a
sequence of $m$-{\em elliptic} periodic points converging to $M$. Indeed,
$\tilde{\mathcal{R}}$ contains an open and dense subset.


title:
A New Notion of Effective Resistance for Directed Graphs-Part I:
  Definition and Properties

abstract:
  The graphical notion of effective resistance has found wide-ranging
applications in many areas of pure mathematics, applied mathematics and control
theory. By the nature of its construction, effective resistance can only be
computed in undirected graphs and yet in several areas of its application,
directed graphs arise as naturally (or more naturally) than undirected ones. In
part I of this work, we propose a generalization of effective resistance to
directed graphs that preserves its control-theoretic properties in relation to
consensus-type dynamics. We proceed to analyze the dependence of our algebraic
definition on the structural properties of the graph and the relationship
between our construction and a graphical distance. The results make possible
the calculation of effective resistance between any two nodes in any directed
graph and provide a solid foundation for the application of effective
resistance to problems involving directed graphs.


title:
Comprehensive rate coefficients for electron collision induced
  transitions in hydrogen

abstract:
  Energy-changing electron-hydrogen atom collisions are crucial to regulating
the energy balance in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas and relevant to the
formation of stellar atmospheres, recombination in H-II clouds, primordial
recombination, three-body recombination and heating in ultracold and fusion
plasmas. Computational modeling of electron-hydrogen collision has been
attempted through quantum mechanical scattering state-to-state calculations of
transitions involving low-lying energy levels in hydrogen (with principal
quantum number n < 7) and at large principal quantum numbers using classical
trajectory techniques. Analytical expressions are proposed which interpolates
the current quantum mechanical and classical trajectory results for
electron-hydrogen scattering in the entire range of energy levels, for nearly
all temperature range of interest in astrophysical environments. An asymptotic
expression for the Born cross-section is interpolated with a modified
expression derived previously for electron-hydrogen scattering in the Rydberg
regime using classical trajectory Monte Carlo simulations. The derived formula
is compared to existing numerical data for transitions involving low principal
quantum numbers, and the dependence of the deviations upon temperature is
discussed.


title:
Neutrino mass variability due to nonminimal coupling to spacetime
  curvature in neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet models

abstract:
  In neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet models, neutrinos acquire mass due to a
Higgs field with vacuum expectation value of the order of 10^{-2} eV,
corresponding to a Compton wavelength in the 10 micrometer range. This creates
a situation in which nonminimal couplings between Higgs fields and spacetime
curvature may lead to novel observable effects. Among these, we discuss the
possibility of variable neutrino masses, with implications for the dependence
of the neutrino oscillation frequency on the spacetime curvature, a further
source of dispersion of the neutrino arrival times from supernovae events, and
possibly also a mechanism leading to gravitationally-induced neutrino
superluminality. Finally, we propose laboratory-scale experiments in which
properly designed electroweak cavities may be used to change neutrino masses,
which should be observable through time of flight experiments.


title: The Functional Consequences of Variation in Transcription Factor Binding

abstract:
  One goal of human genetics is to understand how the information for precise
and dynamic gene expression programs is encoded in the genome. The interactions
of transcription factors (TFs) with DNA regulatory elements clearly play an
important role in determining gene expression outputs, yet the regulatory logic
underlying functional transcription factor binding is poorly understood. Many
studies have focused on characterizing the genomic locations of TF binding, yet
it is unclear to what extent TF binding at any specific locus has functional
consequences with respect to gene expression output. To evaluate the context of
functional TF binding we knocked down 59 TFs and chromatin modifiers in one
HapMap lymphoblastoid cell line. We then identified genes whose expression was
affected by the knockdowns. We intersected the gene expression data with
transcription factor binding data (based on ChIP-seq and DNase-seq) within 10
kb of the transcription start sites of expressed genes. This combination of
data allowed us to infer functional TF binding. On average, 14.7% of genes
bound by a factor were differentially expressed following the knockdown of that
factor, suggesting that most interactions between TF and chromatin do not
result in measurable changes in gene expression levels of putative target
genes. We found that functional TF binding is enriched in regulatory elements
that harbor a large number of TF binding sites, at sites with predicted higher
binding affinity, and at sites that are enriched in genomic regions annotated
as active enhancers.


title: A Gravitational Origin of the Arrows of Time

abstract:
  The only widely accepted explanation for the various arrows of time that
everywhere and at all epochs point in the same direction is the `past
hypothesis': the Universe had a very special low-entropy initial state. We
present the first evidence for an alternative conjecture: the arrows exist in
all solutions of the gravitational law that governs the Universe and arise
because the space of its true degrees of freedom (shape space) is asymmetric.
We prove our conjecture for arrows of complexity and information in the
Newtonian N-body problem. Except for a set of measure zero, all of its
solutions for non-negative energy divide at a uniquely defined point into two
halves. In each a well-defined measure of complexity fluctuates but grows
irreversibly between rising bounds from that point. Structures that store
dynamical information are created as the complexity grows. Recognition of the
division is a key novelty of our approach. Each solution can be viewed as
having a single past and two distinct futures emerging from it. Any internal
observer must be in one half of the solution and will only be aware of one past
and one future. The `paradox' of a time-symmetric law that leads to
observationally irreversible behaviour is fully resolved. General Relativity
shares enough architectonic structure with the N-body problem for us to prove
the existence of analogous complexity arrows in the vacuum Bianchi IX model. In
the absence of non-trivial solutions with matter we cannot prove that arrows of
dynamical information will arise in GR, though they have in our Universe.
Finally, we indicate how the other arrows of time could arise.


title:
A New Notion of Effective Resistance for Directed Graphs-Part II:
  Computing Resistances

abstract:
  In Part I of this work we defined a generalization of the concept of
effective resistance to directed graphs, and we explored some of the properties
of this new definition. Here, we use the theory developed in Part I to compute
effective resistances in some prototypical directed graphs. This exploration
highlights cases where our notion of effective resistance for directed graphs
behaves analogously to our experience from undirected graphs, as well as cases
where it behaves in unexpected ways.