title: Cylinders in singular del Pezzo surfaces

abstract:
  For each del Pezzo surface $S$ with du Val singularities, we determine
whether it admits a $(-K_S)$-polar cylinder or not. If it allows one, then we
present an effective $\mathbb{Q}$-divisor $D$ that is $\mathbb{Q}$-linearly
equivalent to $-K_S$ and such that the open set $S\setminus\mathrm{Supp}(D)$ is
a cylinder. As a corollary, we classify all the del Pezzo surfaces with du Val
singularities that admit nontrivial $\mathbb{G}_a$-actions on their affine
cones defined by their anticanonical divisors.


title: The Nuclear Cluster of the Milky Way: Total Mass and Luminosity

abstract:
  Here we present the fundamental properties of the nuclear cluster of the
Milky Way. First, we derive its structural properties by constructing a density
map of the central 1000'' using extinction-corrected star counts. We can
describe the data with a two-component model built from Sersic profiles. The
inner nearly spherical component is the nuclear cluster. The outer, strongly
flattened component can be identified with the stellar component of the
circumnuclear zone. Second, we enlarge the radius inside which detailed
dynamics are available from $1\,$pc to $4\,$pc. We use more than 10000
individual proper motions and more than 2700 radial velocities. We determine
the cluster mass by means of isotropic spherical Jeans modeling. We get a
nuclear cluster mass within 100'' of $M_{100''}=(6.11 \pm 0.52|_{\mathrm{fix}
R_0}\pm 0.97|_{R_0}) \times 10^6 $ M$_{\odot}$, which corresponds to a total
cluster mass of M$_{\mathrm{NC}}=(13.08 \pm 2.51|_{\mathrm{fix} R_0}\pm
2.08|_{R_0}) \times 10^6 $ M$_{\odot}$. By combination of our mass with the
flux we calculate $M/L=0.50 \pm 0.12 M_{\odot}/L_{\odot,\mathrm{Ks}}$ for the
central 100''. That is broadly consistent with a Chabrier IMF. With its mass
and a luminosity of M$_{\mathrm{Ks}}=-15.30\pm0.26$ the nuclear cluster is a
bright and massive specimen with a typical size.


title: Multi-faced Black Janus and Entanglement

abstract:
  To the second order of the deformation parameter, we construct the black
brane solutions, which are dual to the multiple interface deformations of
conformal field theories. We compute their thermodynamic quantities from the
gravity and the field theory sides, and find a precise agreement, confirming
the validity of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The correlation of two separate
interfaces induces a Casimir energy and an interesting form of correlated
entropy contribution. We comment on the properties of the interface lattice
system too.


title: Del Pezzo surfaces and local inequalities

abstract:
  I prove new local inequality for divisors on smooth surfaces, describe its
applications, and compare it to a similar local inequality that is already
known by experts.


title:
Cosmological solutions in F(T) gravity with the presence of spinor
  fields

abstract:
  The presence of spinor fields is considered in the framework of some
extensions of teleparallel gravity, where the Weitzenb\"ock connection is
assumed. Some well known models as the Chaplygin gas and its generalizations
are reconstructed in terms of a spinor field in the framework of teleparallel
gravity. In addition, the {\Lambda}CDM model is also realized with the presence
of a spinor field where a simple self-intercating term is considered and the
corresponding action is reconstructed. Other cosmological solutions and the
reconstruction of the gravitational action in terms of the scalar torsion is
studied.


title:
From a melt of rings to chromosome territories: The role of topological
  constraints in genome folding

abstract:
  We review pro and contra of the hypothesis that generic polymer properties of
topological constraints are behind many aspects of chromatin folding in
eukaryotic cells. For that purpose, we review, first, recent theoretical and
computational findings in polymer physics related to concentrated,
topologically-simple (unknotted and unlinked) chains or a system of chains.
Second, we review recent experimental discoveries related to genome folding.
Understanding in these fields is far from complete, but we show how looking at
them in parallel sheds new light on both.


title:
Flat-relative optimal extraction. A quick and efficient algorithm for
  stabilised spectrographs

abstract:
  Optimal extraction is a key step in processing the raw images of spectra as
registered by two-dimensional detector arrays to a one-dimensional format.
Previously reported algorithms reconstruct models for a mean one-dimensional
spatial profile to assist a properly weighted extraction. We outline a simple
optimal extraction algorithm including error propagation, which is very
suitable for stabilised, fibre-fed spectrographs and does not model the spatial
profile shape. A high signal-to-noise, master-flat image serves as reference
image and is directly used as an extraction profile mask. Each extracted
spectral value is the scaling factor relative to the cross-section of the
unnormalised master-flat which contains all information about the spatial
profile as well as pixel-to-pixel variations, fringing, and blaze. The
extracted spectrum is measured relative to the flat spectrum. Using echelle
spectra of the HARPS spectrograph we demonstrate a competitive extraction
performance in terms of signal-to-noise and show that extracted spectra can be
used for high precision radial velocity measurement. Pre- or post-flat-fielding
of the data is not necessary, since all spectrograph inefficiencies inherent to
the extraction mask are automatically accounted for. Also the reconstruction of
the mean spatial profile by models is not needed, thereby reducing the number
of operations to extract spectra. Flat-relative optimal extraction is a simple,
efficient, and robust method that can be applied easily to stabilised,
fibre-fed spectrographs.


title:
The Range of Variation of the Mass of the Most Massive Star in Stellar
  Clusters Derived from 35 Million Monte Carlo Simulations

abstract:
  A growing fraction of Simple Stellar Population (SSP) models, in an aim to
create more realistic simulations capable of including stochastic variation in
their outputs, begin their simulations with a distribution of discrete stars
following a power-law function of masses. Careful attention is needed to create
a correctly sampled Initial Mass Function (IMF) and in this contribution we
provide a solid mathematical method called MASSCLEAN IMF Sampling for doing so.
We then use our method to perform $10$ $million$ MASSCLEAN Monte Carlo stellar
cluster simulations to determine the most massive star in a mass distribution
as a function of the total mass of the cluster. We find a maximum mass range is
predicted, not a single maximum mass. This maximum mass range is (a) dependent
on the total mass of the cluster and (b) independent of an upper stellar mass
limit, $M_{limit}$, for $unsaturated$ clusters and comes out naturally using
our IMF sampling method. We then turn our analysis around, now starting with
our new $25$ $million$ simulated cluster database, to constrain the highest
mass star from the observed integrated colors of a sample of 40 low-mass LMC
stellar clusters of known age and mass. Finally, we present an analytical
description of the maximum mass range of the most massive star as a function of
the cluster's total mass, and present a new $M_{max}-M_{cluster}$ relation.


title: Atomic representations of Cuntz algebras

abstract:
  To a representation of $\O_N$ (the Cuntz algebra with $N$ generators) we
associate a projection valued measure and we study the case when this measure
has atoms. The main technical tool are the spaces invariant for all the
operators $S_i^*$. We classify the purely atomic representations and find when
such representations are permutative. Applications include: wavelet
representations, representations generated by finitely correlated states,
representation associated to Hadamard triples (or fractal spectral measures)
and representations associated to generalized Walsh bases.


title:
HERWIRI2: Exponentiated Electroweak Corrections in a Hadronic Event
  Generator

abstract:
  Reaching the desired precision level for W and Z processes at the LHC will
require a mixture of higher-order QCD and electroweak corrections. HERWIRI2 is
a step in implementing QED x QCD exponentiation in a hadronic event generator.
This program implements leading electroweak corrections and coherent exclusive
exponentiation in a HERWIG environment. We discuss the status of the program,
recent tests, and future developments.


title:
Instability of magnetic fields in electroweak plasma driven by neutrino
  asymmetries

abstract:
  The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is modified to incorporate the parity
violation in the Standard Model leading to a new instability of magnetic fields
in the electroweak plasma in the presence of nonzero neutrino asymmetries. The
main ingredient for such a modified MHD is the antisymmetric part of the photon
polarization tensor in plasma, where the parity violating neutrino interaction
with charged leptons is present. We calculate this contribution to the
polarization tensor connected with the Chern-Simons term in effective
Lagrangian of the electromagnetic field. The general expression for such a
contribution which depends on the temperature and the chemical potential of
plasma as well as on the photon's momentum is derived. The instability of a
magnetic field driven by the electron neutrino asymmetry for the $\nu$-burst
during the first second of a supernova explosion can amplify a seed magnetic
field of a protostar, and, perhaps, can explain the generation of strongest
magnetic fields in magnetars. The growth of a cosmological magnetic field
driven by the neutrino asymmetry density $\Delta n_{\nu}=n_{\nu} -
n_{\bar{\nu}}\neq 0$ is provided by a lower bound on
$|\xi_{\nu_e}|=|\mu_{\nu_e}|/T$ which is consistent with the well-known Big
Bang nucleosynthesis (upper) bound on neutrino asymmetries in a hot universe
plasma.


title:
Study of Possible Ultraviolet Zero of the Beta Function in Gauge
  Theories with Many Fermions

abstract:
  We study the possibility of an ultraviolet (UV) zero in the $n$-loop beta
function of U(1) and non-Abelian gauge theories with $N_f$ fermions for large
$N_f$. The effect of scheme transformations on the coefficients of different
powers of $N_f$ in the $n$-loop term in the beta function is calculated. A
general scheme-independent criterion is given for determining whether or not
the $n$-loop beta function has a UV zero for large $N_f$. We compare the
results with exact integral representations of the leading terms in the beta
functions for the respective Abelian and non-Abelian theories in the limit $N_f
\to \infty$ limit with $N_f \alpha$ finite. As part of this study, new analytic
and numerical results are presented for certain coefficients, denoted
$b_{n,n-1}$, that control the large-$N_f$ behavior at $n$-loop order in the
beta function. We also investigate various test functions incorporating a
power-law and essential UV zero in the beta function and determine their
manifestations in series expansions in powers of coupling and in powers of
$1/N_f$.


title: Quantum Hamiltonian Learning Using Imperfect Quantum Resources

abstract:
  Identifying an accurate model for the dynamics of a quantum system is a
vexing problem that underlies a range of problems in experimental physics and
quantum information theory. Recently, a method called quantum Hamiltonian
learning has been proposed by the present authors that uses quantum simulation
as a resource for modeling an unknown quantum system. This approach can, under
certain circumstances, allow such models to be efficiently identified. A major
caveat of that work is the assumption of that all elements of the protocol are
noise-free. Here, we show that quantum Hamiltonian learning can tolerate
substantial amounts of depolarizing noise and show numerical evidence that it
can tolerate noise drawn from other realistic models. We further provide
evidence that the learning algorithm will find a model that is maximally close
to the true model in cases where the hypothetical model lacks terms present in
the true model. Finally, we also provide numerical evidence that the algorithm
works for non-commuting models. This work illustrates that quantum Hamiltonian
learning can be performed using realistic resources and suggests that even
imperfect quantum resources may be valuable for characterizing quantum systems.


title: Automated Feature Identification in Web Applications

abstract:
  Market-driven software intensive product development companies have been more
and more experiencing the problem of feature expansion over time. Product
managers face the challenge of identifying and locating the high value features
in an application and weeding out the ones of low value from the next releases.
Currently, there are few methods and tools that deal with feature
identification and they address the problem only partially. Therefore, there is
an urgent need of methods and tools that would enable systematic feature
reduction to resolve issues resulting from feature creep. This paper presents
an approach and an associated tool to automate feature identification for web
applications. For empirical validation, a multiple case study was conducted
using three well known web applications: Youtube, Google and BBC. The results
indicate that there is a good potential for automating feature identification
in web applications.


title:
The SOPHIE search for northern extrasolar planets: VI. Three new hot
  Jupiters in multi-planet extrasolar systems

abstract:
  We present high-precision radial-velocity measurements of three solar-type
stars: HD 13908, HD 159243, and HIP 91258. The observations were made with the
SOPHIE spectrograph at the 1.93-m telescope of Observatoire de Haute-Provence
(France). They show that these three bright stars host exoplanetary systems
composed of at least two companions. HD 13908 b is a planet with a minimum mass
of 0.865+-0.035 Mjup, on a circular orbit with a period of 19.382+-0.006 days.
There is an outer massive companion in the system with a period of 931+-17
days, e = 0.12+-0.02, and a minimum mass of 5.13+-0.25 Mjup. The star HD
159243, also has two detected companions with respective masses, periods, and
eccentricities of Mp = 1.13+-0.05 and 1.9+-0.13 Mjup, $P$ = 12.620+-0.004 and
248.4+-4.9 days, and e = 0.02+-0.02 and 0.075+-0.05. Finally, the star HIP
91258 has a planetary companion with a minimum mass of 1.068+-0.038 Mjup, an
orbital period of 5.0505+-0.0015 days, and a quadratic trend indicating an
outer planetary or stellar companion that is as yet uncharacterized. The
planet-hosting stars HD 13908, HD 159243, and HIP 91258 are main-sequence stars
of spectral types F8V, G0V, and G5V, respectively, with moderate activity
levels. HIP 91258 is slightly over-metallic, while the two other stars have
solar-like metallicity. The three systems are discussed in the frame of
formation and dynamical evolution models of systems composed of several giant
planets.


title: Student's Video Production as Formative Assessment

abstract:
  Learning assessments are subject of discussions that envolve theoretical and
practical approaches. To measure learning in physics by high school students,
either qualitatively or quantitatively, is a process in which it should be
possible to identify not only the concepts and contents students failed to
achieve but also the reasons of the failure. We propose that students' video
production offers a very effective formative assessment to teachers: as a
formative assessment, it produces information that allows the understanding of
where and when the learning process succeeded or failed, of identifying, as a
subject or as a group, the defficiencies or misunderstandings related to the
theme under analysis and their interpretation by students, and it provides also
a different kind of assessment, related to some other life skills, like the
ability to carry a project to its conclusion and to work cooperatively. In this
paper, we describe the use of videos produced by high school students as an
assessment resource. The students were asked to prepare a short video, which
was then presented to the whole group and discussed. The videos reveal aspects
of students' difficulties that usually do not appear in formal assessments such
as tests and questionnaires. After the use of the videos as an component of
classroom assessments and the use of the discussions to rethink learning
activities in the group, the videos were analysed and classified in various
categories. This analysis showed a strong correlation between the technical
quality of the video and the content quality of the students argumentation.
Also, it was shown that the students don't prepare their video based on quick
and easy production, they usually choose forms of video production that require
careful planning and implementation, and this reflects directly on the overall
quality of the video and of the learning process.


title: Topology and purity for torsors

abstract:
  We study the homotopy theory of the classifying space of the complex
projective linear groups to prove that purity fails for $PGL_p$-torsors on
regular noetherian schemes when $p$ is a prime. Extending our previous work
when $p=2$, we obtain a negative answer to a question of Colliot-Th\'el\`ene
and Sansuc, for all $PGL_p$. We also give a new example of the failure of
purity for the cohomological filtration on the Witt group, which is the first
example of this kind of a variety over an algebraically closed field.


title: A Study of Error Variance Estimation in Lasso Regression

abstract:
  Variance estimation in the linear model when $p > n$ is a difficult problem.
Standard least squares estimation techniques do not apply. Several variance
estimators have been proposed in the literature, all with accompanying
asymptotic results proving consistency and asymptotic normality under a variety
of assumptions.
  It is found, however, that most of these estimators suffer large biases in
finite samples when true underlying signals become less sparse with larger per
element signal strength. One estimator seems to be largely neglected in the
literature: a residual sum of squares based estimator using Lasso coefficients
with regularisation parameter selected adaptively (via cross-validation).
  In this paper, we review several variance estimators and perform a reasonably
extensive simulation study in an attempt to compare their finite sample
performance. It would seem from the results that variance estimators with
adaptively chosen regularisation parameters perform admirably over a broad
range of sparsity and signal strength settings. Finally, some intial
theoretical analyses pertaining to these types of estimators are proposed and
developed.


title: The index of an Eisenstein ideal and multiplicity one

abstract:
  Mazur's fundamental work on Eisenstein ideals of prime level has a variety of
arithmetic applications. In this article, we generalize some of his work to
square-free level. More specifically, we attempt to compute the index of an
Eisenstein ideal and the dimension of the m-torsion of the modular Jacobian
variety, where m is an Eisenstein maximal ideal. In many cases, the dimension
of the m-torsion is 2, in other words, a multiplicity one theorem holds.


title:
Characterizing derivations for any nest algebras on Banach spaces by
  their behaviors at an injective operator

abstract:
  Let ${\mathcal N}$ be a nest on a complex Banach space $X$ and let $\mbox{
Alg}{\mathcal N}$ be the associated nest algebra. We say that an operator $Z\in
\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ is an all-derivable point of $\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$
if every linear map $\delta$ from $\mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ into itself
derivable at $Z$ (i.e. $\delta$ satisfies $\delta(A)B+A\delta(B)=\delta(Z)$ for
any $A,B \in \mbox{ Alg}{\mathcal N}$ with $AB=Z$) is a derivation. In this
paper, it is shown that every injective operator and every operator with dense
range in $\mbox{Alg}{\mathcal N}$ are all-derivable points of
$\mbox{Alg}{\mathcal N}$ without any additional assumption on the nest.


title:
Free probability, planar algebras, and the multicolored
  Guionnet-Jones-Shlyakhtenko construction

abstract:
  This is the graduate thesis of Michael Hartglass at UC Berkeley. A
multicolored variant of the Guionnet-Jones-Shlyakhtenko construction is
explored.


title: Charged Leptons

abstract:
  This is the report of the Intensity Frontier Charged Lepton Working Group of
the 2013 Community Summer Study "Snowmass on the Mississippi", summarizing the
current status and future experimental opportunities in muon and tau lepton
studies and their sensitivity to new physics. These include searches for
charged lepton flavor violation, measurements of magnetic and electric dipole
moments, and precision measurements of the decay spectrum and parity-violating
asymmetries.


title: Nonlinear travelling waves on non-Euclidean spaces

abstract:
  We study travelling wave solutions, that is, solutions of the form $v(t, x) =
e^{i\lambda t}u(g(t)x)$, to nonlinear Schr\"odinger and Klein-Gordon equations
on Riemannian manifolds, both compact and non-compact ones, with emphasis on
the NLKG. Here $g(t)$ represents a one-parameter family of isometries generated
by a Killing field $X$ and a case of particular interest is when $X$ has length
$\leq 1$, which leads in certain settings to hypoelliptic operators with loss
of at least one derivative. In the compact case, we establish existence of
travelling wave solutions via "energy" minimization methods and prove that at
least compact isotropic manifolds have \emph{genuinely} travelling waves. We
establish certain sharp regularity estimates on low dimensional spheres that
improve results in ~\cite{T1} and carry out the subelliptic analysis for NLKG
on spheres of higher dimensions utilizing their homogeneous coset space
properties. Such subelliptic phenomenon have no parallel in the setting of flat
spaces. We will also study related phenomenon on complete noncompact manifolds
with certain symmetry assumptions using concentration-compactness type
arguments.


title:
Topological Equivalence and Curvature Convergence: Bezier Surface
  Approximation

abstract:
  A set of control points can determine a Bezier surface and a triangulated
surface simultaneously. We prove that the triangulated surface becomes
homeomorphic and ambient isotopic to the Bezier surface via subdivision. We
also show that the total Gaussian curvature of the triangulated surface
converges to the total Gaussian curvature of the Bezier surface.


title: Uniqueness of diffusion operators and capacity estimates

abstract:
  Let $\Omega$ be a connected open subset of $\Ri^d$. We analyze
$L_1$-uniqueness of real second-order partial differential operators
$H=-\sum^d_{k,l=1}\partial_k\,c_{kl}\,\partial_l$ and
$K=H+\sum^d_{k=1}c_k\,\partial_k+c_0$ on $\Omega$ where $c_{kl}=c_{lk}\in
W^{1,\infty}_{\rm loc}( \Omega), c_k\in L_{\infty,{\rm loc}}(\Omega)$, $c_0\in
L_{2,{\rm loc}}(\Omega)$ and $C(x)=(c_{kl}(x))>0$ for all $x\in\Omega$.
Boundedness properties of the coefficients are expressed indirectly in terms of
the balls $B(r)$ associated with the Riemannian metric $C^{-1}$ and their
Lebesgue measure $|B(r)|$.
  \noindent\hspace{10mm}First we establish that if the balls $B(r)$ are
bounded, the T\"acklind condition $\int^\infty_Rdr\,r(\log|B(r)|)^{-1}=\infty$
is satisfied for all large $R$ and $H$ is Markov unique then $H$ is
$L_1$-unique. If, in addition, $C(x)\geq \kappa\, (c^{T}\!\otimes\, c)(x)$ for
some $\kappa>0$ and almost all $x\in\Omega$, $\divv c\in L_{\infty,{\rm
loc}}(\Omega)$ is upper semi-bounded and $c_0$ is lower semi-bounded then $K$
is also $L_1$-unique.
  \noindent\hspace{10mm}Secondly, if the $c_{kl}$ extend continuously to
functions which are locally bounded on $\partial\Omega$ and if the balls $B(r)$
are bounded we characterize Markov uniqueness of $H$ in terms of local capacity
estimates and boundary capacity estimates. For example,
  $H$ is Markov unique if and only if for each bounded subset $A$ of
$\overline\Omega$ there exist $\eta_n \in C_c^\infty(\Omega)$ satisfying
$\lim_{n\to\infty} \|\one_A\Gamma(\eta_n)\|_1 = 0$, where
$\Gamma(\eta_n)=\sum^d_{k,l=1}c_{kl}\,(\partial_k\eta_n)\,(\partial_l\eta_n)$,
and $\lim_{n\to\infty}\|\one_A (\one_\Omega-\eta_n )\, \varphi\|_2 = 0$ for
each $\varphi \in L_2(\Omega)$ or if and only if $\capp(\partial\Omega)=0$.


title:
RESOLVE: A new algorithm for aperture synthesis imaging of extended
  emission in radio astronomy

abstract:
  We present RESOLVE, a new algorithm for radio aperture synthesis imaging of
extended and diffuse emission in total intensity. The algorithm is derived
using Bayesian statistical inference techniques, estimating the surface
brightness in the sky assuming a priori log-normal statistics. RESOLVE not only
estimates the measured sky brightness in total intensity, but also its spatial
correlation structure, which is used to guide the algorithm to an optimal
reconstruction of extended and diffuse sources. For a radio interferometer, it
succeeds in deconvolving the effects of the instrumental point spread function
during this process. Additionally, RESOLVE provides a map with an uncertainty
estimate of the reconstructed surface brightness. Furthermore, with RESOLVE we
introduce a new, optimal visibility weighting scheme that can be viewed as an
extension to robust weighting. In tests using simulated observations, the
algorithm shows improved performance against two standard imaging approaches
for extended sources, Multiscale-CLEAN and the Maximum Entropy Method.


title: Two holes in the t-J model form a bound state for any nonzero J/t

abstract:
  Determination of the parameter regime in which two holes in the t-J model
form a bound state represents a long standing open problem in the field of
strongly correlated systems. By applying and systematically improving the exact
diagonalization method defined over a limited functional space (EDLFS), we show
that the average distance between two holes scales as $\langle d \rangle \sim 2
(J/t)^{-1/4}$ for J/t < 0.15, therefore providing strong evidence that two
holes in the t-J model form the bound state for any nonzero J/t. However, the
symmetry of such bound pair in the ground state is p-wave. This state is
consistent with phase separation at finite hole filling, as observed in a
recent study [Maska et al, Phys. Rev. B 85, 245113 (2012)].


title: Radiative neutron capture on 16O at astrophysical energies

abstract:
  The total cross sections of the 16O(n,gamma)17O radiative capture process is
described in the framework of the modified potential cluster model with the
classification of orbital states according to Young tableaux. The possibility
to describe the experimental data for the total cross sections of the neutron
radiative capture on 16O at the energies from 0.025 eV to 1.5 MeV is shown on
the basis of E1 and M1 processes. The transitions to the bound states of 17O in
the n16O channel from 2S1/2, 2P3/2 and 2D3/2 waves of the n16O scattering have
been considered. These transitions have been considered in the resonance energy
region at 433 and 1000 keV.


title: Baryon Number Violation

abstract:
  This report, prepared for the Community Planning Study - Snowmass 2013 -
summarizes the theoretical motivations and the experimental efforts to search
for baryon number violation, focussing on nucleon decay and neutron-antineutron
oscillations. Present and future nucleon decay search experiments using large
underground detectors, as well as planned neutron-antineutron oscillation
search experiments with free neutron beams are highlighted.


title: Matrix Convex Hulls of Free Semialgebraic Sets

abstract:
  This article resides in the realm of the noncommutative (free) analog of real
algebraic geometry - the study of polynomial inequalities and equations over
the real numbers - with a focus on matrix convex sets $C$ and their projections
$\hat C$. A free semialgebraic set which is convex as well as bounded and open
can be represented as the solution set of a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI), a
result which suggests that convex free semialgebraic sets are rare. Further,
Tarski's transfer principle fails in the free setting: The projection of a free
convex semialgebraic set need not be free semialgebraic. Both of these results,
and the importance of convex approximations in the optimization community,
provide impetus and motivation for the study of the free (matrix) convex hull
of free semialgebraic sets.
  This article presents the construction of a sequence $C^{(d)}$ of LMI domains
in increasingly many variables whose projections $\hat C^{(d)}$ are
successively finer outer approximations of the matrix convex hull of a free
semialgebraic set $D_p=\{X: p(X)\succeq0\}$. It is based on free analogs of
moments and Hankel matrices. Such an approximation scheme is possibly the best
that can be done in general. Indeed, natural noncommutative transcriptions of
formulas for certain well known classical (commutative) convex hulls does not
produce the convex hulls in the free case. This failure is illustrated on one
of the simplest free nonconvex $D_p$.
  A basic question is which free sets $\hat S$ are the projection of a free
semialgebraic set $S$? Techniques and results of this paper bear upon this
question which is open even for convex sets.


title: T2HK: J-PARC upgrade plan for future and beyond T2K

abstract:
  Upgrades to the J-PARC accelerators and the neutrino experimental facility
are of vital importance to the Tokai to Hyper-Kamiokande project (T2HK), which
aims to explore CP asymmetry by the $\nu_e$ appearance. In this talk I present
overview of the T2HK project, current status of the beam operation at J-PARC,
and prospect to realize the rated 750 kW operation in coming years.


title:
Non-naturally reductive Einstein metrics on the compact simple Lie group
  $F_4$

abstract:
  Based on the representation theory and the study on the involutions of
compact simple Lie groups, we show that $F_4$ admits non-naturally reductive
Einstein metrics.


title: Conformality at large number of fermion flavors and composite Higgs

abstract:
  The many open questions concerning the existence of IR and UV fixed points in
gauge theories as a function of the number of fermion flavors and bare coupling
are briefly reviewed and discussed. It is pointed out that only a small subset
of potential IR-conformal gauge theories, i.e. theories whose IR behavior is
determined by an IR fixed point, has so far been examined. It is suggested that
the naturally light scalar composites that seem to appear generically as lowest
states in the non-QCD-like spectrum of such theories provide a natural basis
for composite Higgs models, where the composite Higgs is not a NG boson and
some of the usual fine-tuning problems are evaded.


title: Texture descriptor combining fractal dimension and artificial crawlers

abstract:
  Texture is an important visual attribute used to describe images. There are
many methods available for texture analysis. However, they do not capture the
details richness of the image surface. In this paper, we propose a new method
to describe textures using the artificial crawler model. This model assumes
that each agent can interact with the environment and each other. Since this
swarm system alone does not achieve a good discrimination, we developed a new
method to increase the discriminatory power of artificial crawlers, together
with the fractal dimension theory. Here, we estimated the fractal dimension by
the Bouligand-Minkowski method due to its precision in quantifying structural
properties of images. We validate our method on two texture datasets and the
experimental results reveal that our method leads to highly discriminative
textural features. The results indicate that our method can be used in
different texture applications.


title: Non-Archimedean meromorphic solutions of functional equations

abstract:
  In this paper, we discuss meromorphic solutions of functional equations over
non-Archimedean fields, and prove analogues of the Clunie lemma, Malmquist-type
theorem and Mokhon'ko theorem.


title: Low-light-level four-wave mixing by quantum interference

abstract:
  We observed electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based four-wave mixing
(FWM) in the pulsed regime at low light levels. The FWM conversion efficiency
of 3.8(9)% was observed in a four-level system of cold 87Rb atoms using a
driving laser pulse with a peak intensity of approximately 80 {\mu}W/cm^2,
corresponding to an energy of approximately 60 photons per atomic cross
section. Comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical
predictions proposed by Harris and Hau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4611 (1999)]
showed good agreement. Additionally, a high conversion efficiency of 46(2)% was
demonstrated when applying this scheme using a driving laser intensity of
approximately 1.8 mW/cm^2. According to our theoretical predictions, this FWM
scheme can achieve a conversion efficiency of nearly 100% when using a dense
medium with an optical depth of 500.


title: Bruckner--Garg-type results with respect to Haar null sets in $C[0,1]$

abstract:
  A set $\mathcal{A}\subset C[0,1]$ is \emph{shy} or \emph{Haar null } (in the
sense of Christensen) if there exists a Borel set $\mathcal{B}\subset C[0,1]$
and a Borel probability measure $\mu$ on $C[0,1]$ such that $\mathcal{A}\subset
\mathcal{B}$ and $\mu\left(\mathcal{B}+f\right) = 0$ for all $f \in C[0,1]$.
The complement of a shy set is called a \emph{prevalent} set. We say that a set
is \emph{Haar ambivalent} if it is neither shy nor prevalent.
  The main goal of the paper is to answer the following question: What can we
say about the topological properties of the level sets of the prevalent/non-shy
many $f\in C[0,1]$?
  The classical Bruckner--Garg Theorem characterizes the level sets of the
generic (in the sense of Baire category) $f\in C[0,1]$ from the topological
point of view. We prove that the functions $f\in C[0,1]$ for which the same
characterization holds form a Haar ambivalent set.
  In an earlier paper we proved that the functions $f\in C[0,1]$ for which
positively many level sets with respect to the Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ are
singletons form a non-shy set in $C[0,1]$. The above result yields that this
set is actually Haar ambivalent. Now we prove that the functions $f\in C[0,1]$
for which positively many level sets with respect to the occupation measure
$\lambda\circ f^{-1}$ are not perfect form a Haar ambivalent set in $C[0,1]$.
  We show that for the prevalent $f\in C[0,1]$ for the generic $y\in f([0,1])$
the level set $f^{-1}(y)$ is perfect.
  Finally, we answer a question of Darji and White by showing that the set of
functions $f \in C[0,1]$ for which there exists a perfect $P_f\subset [0,1]$
such that $f'(x) = \infty$ for all $x \in P_f$ is Haar ambivalent.


title: Atomic ionization of germanium due to neutrino magnetic moments

abstract:
  An ab initio calculation of atomic ionization of germanium (Ge) by neutrinos
was carried out in the framework of multiconfiguration relativistic random
phase approximation. The main goal is to provide a more accurate cross section
formula than the conventional one, which is based on the free electron
approximation, for searches of neutrino magnetic moments with Ge detectors
whose threshold is reaching down to the sub-keV regime. Limits derived with
both methods are compared, using reactor neutrino data taken with low threshold
germanium detectors.


title: New result for the neutron 9be capture at astrophysical energies

abstract:
  The total cross sections of the n9Be --> gamma10Be radiative capture are
described in the framework of the modified potential cluster model (MPCM) with
the classification of orbital states according to Young tableaux at thermal and
astrophysical energies.


title: The Functional Determinant and the Partition Function in Geometric Flows

abstract:
  We propose the use of the functional determinant of geometric operators in
constructing an entropy functional associated to geometric flows.
  Our approach is based on the direct computation of the partition function,
with a well-defined set of microstates and macrostates in the canonical
ensemble. The approach is motivated by a fundamental enigma in Perelman's
derivation of his famous $\mathcal{W}$-entropy.
  The defining feature of our entropy is that the energy of each microstate in
the partition function is invariant along the associated geometric flow - a
clue that could be inferred from Perelman's work. Moreover, the monotonicity of
our entropy along the associated geometric flow is then a natural result in the
statistical mechanics framework.
  While we will not argue in a completely rigorous manner, we will use the
formalism to derive an explicit formula for an entropy associated to conformal
flows on a closed surface based on the Polyakov formula for the determinant of
the Laplacian. We also discuss possible extensions of our results to more
general operators and manifolds.


title: Constraining Non-thermal and Thermal properties of Dark Matter

abstract:
  We describe the evolution of Dark Matter (DM) abundance from the very onset
of its creation from inflaton decay under the assumption of an instantaneous
reheating. Based on the initial conditions such as the inflaton mass and its
decay branching ratio to DM, reheating temperature, and the DM mass and
interaction rate with the thermal bath, the DM particles can either thermalize
(fully/partially) with the primordial bath or remain non-thermal throughout
their evolution history. In the thermal case, the final abundance is set by the
standard freeze-out mechanism for large annihilation rates, irrespective of the
initial conditions. For smaller annihilation rates, it can be set by the
freeze-in mechanism, also independent of the initial abundance, provided it is
small to begin with. For even smaller interaction rates, the DM decouples while
being non-thermal, and the relic abundance will be essentially set by the
initial conditions. We put model-independent constraints on the DM mass and
annihilation rate from over-abundance by exactly solving the relevant Boltzmann
equations, and identify the thermal freeze-out, freeze-in and non-thermal
regions of the allowed parameter space. We highlight a generic fact that
inflaton decay to DM inevitably leads to an overclosure of the Universe for a
large range of DM parameter space, and thus poses a stringent constraint that
must be taken into account while constructing models of DM. For the thermal DM
region, we also show the complementary constraints from indirect DM search
experiments, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Cosmic Microwave Background, Planck
measurements, and theoretical limits due to the unitarity of S-matrix. For the
non-thermal DM scenario, we show the allowed parameter space in terms of the
inflaton and DM masses for a given reheating temperature, and compute the
comoving free-streaming length to identify the hot, warm and cold DM regimes.


title: Stationary resonances of rapidly-rotating Kerr black holes

abstract:
  The Klein-Gordon equation for a massive scalar field in the background of a
rapidly-rotating Kerr black hole is studied analytically. In particular, we
derive a simple formula for the stationary (marginally-stable) resonances of
the field in the black-hole spacetime. The analytically derived formula is
shown to agree with direct numerical computations of the resonances. Our
results provide an upper bound on the instability regime of rapidly-rotating
Kerr black holes to massive scalar perturbations.


title:
Simple, locally finite dimensional Lie algebras in positive
  characteristic

abstract:
  We prove two structure theorems for simple, locally finite dimensional Lie
algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ which give
sufficient conditions for the algebras to be of the form $[R^{(-)}, R^{(-)}] /
(Z(R) \cap [R^{(-)}, R^{(-)}])$ or $[K(R, *), K(R, *)]$ for a simple, locally
finite dimensional associative algebra $R$ with involution $*$. The first
proves that a condition we introduce, known as locally nondegenerate, along
with the existence of an ad-nilpotent element suffice. The second proves that a
uniformly ad-integrable Lie algebra is of this type if the characteristic of
the ground field is sufficiently large. Lastly we construct a simple, locally
finite dimensional associative algebra $R$ with involution $*$ such that $K(R,
*) \ne [K(R, *), K(R, *)]$ to demonstrate the necessity of considering the
commutator in the first two theorems.


title: A Solution of the Hubbard Model

abstract:
  We report a ground-state solution for the two-dimensional fermionic Hubbard
model, which is obtained via a numerical variational method. The two
ingredients in this approach are tensor network states and the time-evolving
block decimation. We easily handle the horizontal hopping in the Hamiltonian,
and we proceed further to observe the fermion-exchange effect caused by the
vertical hopping. By requiring no divergence and no convergence to zero for the
ground state, we successively determine the ground-state energy per site as a
function of the chemical potential and the lattice length. In addition, we
observe saturation in the behavior of the ground-state energy as the lattice
length increases.


title: Robust Estimation under Heavy Contamination using Enlarged Models

abstract:
  In data analysis, contamination caused by outliers is inevitable, and robust
statistical methods are strongly demanded. In this paper, our concern is to
develop a new approach for robust data analysis based on scoring rules. The
scoring rule is a discrepancy measure to assess the quality of probabilistic
forecasts. We propose a simple way of estimating not only the parameter in the
statistical model but also the contamination ratio of outliers. Estimating the
contamination ratio is important, since one can detect outliers out of the
training samples based on the estimated contamination ratio. For this purpose,
we use scoring rules with an extended statistical models, that is called the
enlarged models. Also, the regression problems are considered. We study a
complex heterogeneous contamination, in which the contamination ratio of
outliers in the dependent variable may depend on the independent variable. We
propose a simple method to obtain a robust regression estimator under
heterogeneous contamination. In addition, we show that our method provides also
an estimator of the expected contamination ratio that is available to detect
the outliers out of training samples. Numerical experiments demonstrate the
effectiveness of our methods compared to the conventional estimators.


title:
Formulation for zero mode of Bose-Einstein condensate beyond Bogoliubov
  approximation

abstract:
  It is shown for the Bose-Einstein condensate of cold atomic system that the
new unperturbed Hamiltonian, which includes not only the first and second
powers of the zero mode operators but also the higher ones, determines a unique
and stationary vacuum at zero temperature. From the standpoint of quantum field
theory, it is done in a consistent manner that the canonical commutation
relation of the field operator is kept. In this formulation, the condensate
phase does not diffuse and is robust against the quantum fluctuation of the
zero mode. The standard deviation for the phase operator depends on the
condensed atom number with the exponent of $-1/3$, which is universal for both
homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems.


title:
Reducing beam hardening effects and metal artefacts using Medipix3RX:
  With applications from biomaterial science

abstract:
  This paper discusses methods for reducing beam hardening effects using
spectral data for biomaterial applications. A small-animal spectral scanner
operating in the diagnostic energy range was used. We investigate the use of
photon-processing features of the Medipix3RX ASIC in reducing beam hardening
and associated artefacts. A fully operational charge summing mode was used
during the imaging routine. We present spectral data collected for metal alloy
samples, its analysis using algebraic 3D reconstruction software and volume
visualisation using a custom volume rendering software. Narrow high energy
acquisition using the photon-processing detector revealed substantial reduction
in beam hardening effects and metal artefacts.


title:
Dynamic Partitioning-based JPEG Decompression on Heterogeneous Multicore
  Architectures

abstract:
  With the emergence of social networks and improvements in computational
photography, billions of JPEG images are shared and viewed on a daily basis.
Desktops, tablets and smartphones constitute the vast majority of hardware
platforms used for displaying JPEG images. Despite the fact that these
platforms are heterogeneous multicores, no approach exists yet that is capable
of joining forces of a system's CPU and GPU for JPEG decoding. In this paper we
introduce a novel JPEG decoding scheme for heterogeneous architectures
consisting of a CPU and an OpenCL-programmable GPU. We employ an offline
profiling step to determine the performance of a system's CPU and GPU with
respect to JPEG decoding. For a given JPEG image, our performance model uses
(1) the CPU and GPU performance characteristics, (2) the image entropy and (3)
the width and height of the image to balance the JPEG decoding workload on the
underlying hardware. Our run-time partitioning and scheduling scheme exploits
task, data and pipeline parallelism by scheduling the non-parallelizable
entropy decoding task on the CPU, whereas inverse cosine transformations
(IDCTs), color conversions and upsampling are conducted on both the CPU and the
GPU. Our kernels have been optimized for GPU memory hierarchies. We have
implemented the proposed method in the context of the libjpeg-turbo library,
which is an industrial-strength JPEG encoding and decoding engine.
Libjpeg-turbo's hand-optimized SIMD routines for ARM and x86 constitute a
competitive yardstick for the comparison to the proposed approach.
Retro-fitting our method with libjpeg-turbo provided insights on the
software-engineering aspects of re-engineering legacy code for heterogeneous
multicores.


title:
Statistics and Classification of the Microwave Zebra Patterns Associated
  with Solar Flares

abstract:
  The microwave zebra pattern (ZP) is the most interesting, intriguing, and
complex spectral structure frequently observed in solar flares. A comprehensive
statistical study will certainly help us to understand the formation mechanism,
which is not exactly clear now. This work presents a comprehensive statistical
analysis on a big sample with 202 ZP events collected from observations at the
Chinese Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at Huairou and the Ondrejov
Radiospectrograph in Czech Republic at frequencies of 1.00 - 7.60 GHz during
2000 - 2013. After investigating the parameter properties of ZPs, such as the
occurrence in flare phase, frequency range, polarization degree, duration,
etc., we find that the variation of zebra stripe frequency separation with
respect to frequency is the best indicator for a physical classification of
ZPs. Microwave ZPs can be classified into 3 types: equidistant ZP,
variable-distant ZP, and growing-distant ZP, possibly corresponding to
mechanisms of Bernstein wave model, whistler wave model, and double plasma
resonance model, respectively. This statistical classification may help us to
clarify the controversies between the existing various theoretical models, and
understand the physical processes in the source regions.


title: Quadratic Twists of Elliptic Curves with 3-Selmer Rank 1

abstract:
  A weaker form of a 1979 conjecture of Goldfeld states that for every elliptic
curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$, a positive proportion of its quadratic twists $E^{(d)}$
have rank 1. Using tools from Galois cohomology, we give criteria on E and d
which force a positive proportion of the quadratic twists of E to have 3-Selmer
rank 1 and global root number -1. We then give four nonisomorphic infinite
families of elliptic curves $E_{m, n}$ which satisfy these criteria.
Conditional on the rank part of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, this
verifies the aforementioned conjecture for infinitely many elliptic curves. Our
elliptic curves are easy to give explicitly and we state precisely which
quadratic twists d to use. Furthermore, our methods have the potential of being
generalized to elliptic curves over other number fields.


title: The evolution of the power law k-essence cosmology

abstract:
  We investigate the evolution of the power law k-essence field in FRWL
spacetime. The autonomous dynamical system and critical points are obtained.
The corresponding cosmological parameters, such as $\Omega _{\phi }$ and
$w_{\phi }$, are calculated at these critical points. We find it is possible to
achieve an equation of state crossing through $-1$ for k-essence field. The
results we obtained indicate that the power law k-essence dark energy model can
be compatible with observations.


title:
The busy function: a new analytic function for describing the integrated
  21-cm spectral profile of galaxies

abstract:
  Accurate parametrization of galaxies detected in the 21-cm HI emission is of
fundamental importance to the measurement of commonly used indicators of galaxy
evolution, including the Tully-Fisher relation and the HI mass function. Here,
we propose a new analytic function, named the 'busy function', that can be used
to accurately describe the characteristic double-horn HI profile of many
galaxies. The busy function is a continuous, differentiable function that
consists of only two basic functions, the error function, erf(x), and a
polynomial, |x|^n, of degree n >= 2. We present the basic properties of the
busy function and illustrate its great flexibility in fitting a wide range of
HI profiles from the Gaussian profiles of dwarf galaxies to the broad,
asymmetric double-horn profiles of spiral galaxies.
  Applications of the busy function include the accurate and efficient
parametrization of observed HI spectra of galaxies and the construction of
spectral templates for simulations and matched filtering algorithms. We
demonstrate the busy function's power by automatically fitting it to the HI
spectra of 1000 galaxies from the HIPASS Bright Galaxy Catalog, using our own
C/C++ implementation, and comparing the resulting parameters with the
catalogued ones. We also present two methods for determining the uncertainties
of observational parameters derived from the fit.


title:
Schmidt Games and Nondense forward Orbits of certain Partially
  Hyperbolic Systems

abstract:
  Let $f: M \to M$ be a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism with conformality
on unstable manifolds. Consider a set of points with nondense forward orbit:
$E(f, y) := \{ z\in M: y\notin \overline{\{f^k(z), k \in \mathbb{N}\}}\}$ for
some $y \in M$. Define $E_{x}(f, y) := E(f, y) \cap W^u(x)$ for any $x\in M$.
Following a method of Broderick-Fishman-Kleinbock, we show that $E_x(f,y)$ is a
winning set of Schmidt games played on $W^u(x)$ which implies that $E_x(f,y)$
has full Hausdorff dimension equal to $\dim W^u(x)$. Furthermore we show that
for any nonempty open set $V \subset M$, $E(f, y) \cap V$ has full Hausdorff
dimension equal to $\dim M$, by constructing measures supported on $E(f, y)\cap
V$ with lower pointwise dimension converging to $\dim M$ and with conditional
measures supported on $E_x(f,y)\cap V$. The results can be extended to the set
of points with forward orbit staying away from a countable subset of $M$.


title:
Arbitrarily high order Convected Scheme solution of the Vlasov-Poisson
  system

abstract:
  The Convected Scheme (CS) is a `forward-trajectory' semi-Lagrangian method
for solution of transport equations, which has been most often applied to the
kinetic description of plasmas and rarefied neutral gases. In its simplest
form, the CS propagates the solution by advecting the `moving cells' along
their characteristic trajectories, and by remapping them on the mesh at the end
of the time step. The CS is conservative, positivity preserving, simple to
implement, and not subject to time step restriction to maintain stability.
Recently [Y. G\"u\c{c}l\"u and W.N.G. Hitchon, 2012] a new methodology was
introduced for reducing numerical diffusion, based on a modified equation
analysis: the remapping error was compensated by applying small corrections to
the final position of the moving cells prior to remapping. While the spatial
accuracy was increased from 2nd to 4th order, the new scheme retained the
important properties of the original method, and was shown to be simple and
efficient for constant advection problems. Here the CS is applied to the
solution of the Vlasov-Poisson system: the Vlasov equation is split into two
constant advection equations, one in configuration space and one in velocity
space, and high order time accuracy is achieved by proper composition of the
operators. The splitting procedure enables us to use the constant advection
solver, which we extend to arbitrarily high order of accuracy: a new improved
procedure is given, which makes the calculation of the corrections
straightforward. Focusing on periodic domains, we describe a spectrally
accurate scheme based on the fast Fourier transform; the proposed
implementation is strictly conservative and positivity preserving. The ability
to correctly reproduce the system dynamics, as well as resolving small-scale
features in the solution, is shown in classical 1D-1V test cases, both in the
linear and the non-linear regimes.


title:
On_the_implementation_of_the_conditions_of_Inertial_Confinement_ Fusion
  by bombarding the target a macro particle

abstract:
  The acceleration of lithium tube segments with the length one centimeter,
diameter sixteen microns wall thickness one nanometer is considered. These
segments are electrically charged by proton beams produced by an electron beam
source. Then, they are accelerated by the traveling wave field in a spiral
waveguide. The segments are next sent to a target where they are compressed by
three hundred times in the longitudinal direction and compressing target
radially, so the conditions for thermonuclear fusion are realized.


title:
Mapping Topographic Structure in White Matter Pathways with Level Set
  Trees

abstract:
  Fiber tractography on diffusion imaging data offers rich potential for
describing white matter pathways in the human brain, but characterizing the
spatial organization in these large and complex data sets remains a challenge.
We show that level set trees---which provide a concise representation of the
hierarchical mode structure of probability density functions---offer a
statistically-principled framework for visualizing and analyzing topography in
fiber streamlines. Using diffusion spectrum imaging data collected on
neurologically healthy controls (N=30), we mapped white matter pathways from
the cortex into the striatum using a deterministic tractography algorithm that
estimates fiber bundles as dimensionless streamlines. Level set trees were used
for interactive exploration of patterns in the endpoint distributions of the
mapped fiber tracks and an efficient segmentation of the tracks that has
empirical accuracy comparable to standard nonparametric clustering methods. We
show that level set trees can also be generalized to model pseudo-density
functions in order to analyze a broader array of data types, including entire
fiber streamlines. Finally, resampling methods show the reliability of the
level set tree as a descriptive measure of topographic structure, illustrating
its potential as a statistical descriptor in brain imaging analysis. These
results highlight the broad applicability of level set trees for visualizing
and analyzing high-dimensional data like fiber tractography output.


title: Interstellar chemistry of nitrogen hydrides in dark clouds

abstract:
  The aim of the present work is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the
interstellar chemistry of nitrogen, focussing on the gas-phase formation of the
smallest polyatomic species and in particular nitrogen hydrides. We present a
new chemical network in which the kinetic rates of critical reactions have been
updated based on recent experimental and theoretical studies, including nuclear
spin branching ratios. Our network thus treats the different spin symmetries of
the nitrogen hydrides self-consistently together with the ortho and para forms
of molecular hydrogen. This new network is used to model the time evolution of
the chemical abundances in dark cloud conditions. The steady-state results are
analysed, with special emphasis on the influence of the overall amounts of
carbon, oxygen, and sulphur. Our calculations are also compared with
Herschel/HIFI observations of NH, NH$_2$, and NH$_3$ detected towards the
external envelope of the protostar IRAS 16293-2422. The observed abundances and
abundance ratios are reproduced for a C/O gas-phase elemental abundance ratio
of $\sim0.8$, provided that the sulphur abundance is depleted by a factor
larger than 2. The ortho-to-para ratio of H$_2$ in these models is
$\sim10^{-3}$. Our models also provide predictions for the ortho-to-para ratios
of NH$_2$ and NH$_3$ of $\sim2.3$ and $\sim0.7$ respectively. We conclude that
the abundances of nitrogen hydrides in dark cloud conditions are consistent
with the gas-phase synthesis predicted with our new chemical network.


title: Id\`elic class field theory for 3-manifolds

abstract:
  Following the analogies between 3-dimensional topology and number theory, we
study an id\`elic form of class field theory for 3-manifolds. For a certain set
$\mathcal{K}$ of knots in a 3-manifold $M$, we first present a local theory for
each knot in $\mathcal{K}$, which is analogous to local class field theory, and
then, getteing together over all knots in $\mathcal{K}$, we give an analogue of
id\`elic global class field theory for an integral homology sphere $M$.


title: About_the_electrodynamic_acceleration_of_cylinder-shaped_particles

abstract:
  A possibility of electrodynamic acceleration of particles from the initial
zero velocity to the final velocity ten kilometeres per second the acceleration
length five meters is considered. After the electrostatic preacceleration
particles are accelerated at the trailing edge of the voltage pulse six
megavolts, which runs along the spiral turns. Accelerated particles have the
diameter six microns, and length one centimeter. Because of a pointed cone at
the head the particles can move in the air almost without loss of velocity,
penetrating into aluminum and water as deep as ten centimeter and water one
meter respectively.


title:
Randall-Sundrum scenario with a small curvature and Drell-Yan process at
  the LHC

abstract:
  The Randall-Sundrum-like scenario with the small curvature kappa (RSSC model)
is studied in detail in comparison with the original RS1 model. In the
framework of the RSSC model, the p_t distributions for the dilepton production
at the LHC are calculated. Both dielectron and dimuon events are taken into
account. The important feature of calculations is the account of the widths of
massive graviton excitations. For the summary statistics taken at 7 TeV (L = 5
fb^(-1)) and 8 TeV (L = 20 fb^(-1)), the exclusion limit on the 5-dimensional
gravity scale M_5 is set to be 6.84 TeV at 95% C.L. For sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and
integrated luminosity 30 fb^(-1), the LHC search limit is found to be 10.16
TeV. These bounds on M_5 are independent of kappa (up to powerlike
corrections), provided kappa << M_5.


title: Distributed Connectivity Decomposition

abstract:
  We present time-efficient distributed algorithms for decomposing graphs with
large edge or vertex connectivity into multiple spanning or dominating trees,
respectively. As their primary applications, these decompositions allow us to
achieve information flow with size close to the connectivity by parallelizing
it along the trees. More specifically, our distributed decomposition algorithms
are as follows:
  (I) A decomposition of each undirected graph with vertex-connectivity $k$
into (fractionally) vertex-disjoint weighted dominating trees with total weight
$\Omega(\frac{k}{\log n})$, in $\widetilde{O}(D+\sqrt{n})$ rounds.
  (II) A decomposition of each undirected graph with edge-connectivity
$\lambda$ into (fractionally) edge-disjoint weighted spanning trees with total
weight $\lceil\frac{\lambda-1}{2}\rceil(1-\varepsilon)$, in
$\widetilde{O}(D+\sqrt{n\lambda})$ rounds.
  We also show round complexity lower bounds of
$\tilde{\Omega}(D+\sqrt{\frac{n}{k}})$ and
$\tilde{\Omega}(D+\sqrt{\frac{n}{\lambda}})$ for the above two decompositions,
using techniques of [Das Sarma et al., STOC'11]. Moreover, our
vertex-connectivity decomposition extends to centralized algorithms and
improves the time complexity of [Censor-Hillel et al., SODA'14] from $O(n^3)$
to near-optimal $\tilde{O}(m)$.
  As corollaries, we also get distributed oblivious routing broadcast with
$O(1)$-competitive edge-congestion and $O(\log n)$-competitive
vertex-congestion. Furthermore, the vertex connectivity decomposition leads to
near-time-optimal $O(\log n)$-approximation of vertex connectivity: centralized
$\widetilde{O}(m)$ and distributed $\tilde{O}(D+\sqrt{n})$. The former moves
toward the 1974 conjecture of Aho, Hopcroft, and Ullman postulating an $O(m)$
centralized exact algorithm while the latter is the first distributed vertex
connectivity approximation.


title: Rotational properties of Maria asteroid family

abstract:
  Maria family is regarded as an old-type (~3 +/- 1 Gyr) asteroid family which
has experienced substantial collisional and dynamical evolution in the
Main-belt. It is located nearby the 3:1 Jupter mean motion resonance area that
supplies Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) to the inner Solar System. We carried out
observations of Maria family asteroids during 134 nights from 2008 July to 2013
May, and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects, including newly
obtained periods of 34 asteroids. We found that there is a significant excess
of fast and slow rotators in observed rotation rate distribution. The
two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms that the spin rate distribution is
not consistent with a Maxwellian at a 92% confidence level. From correlations
among rotational periods, amplitudes of lightcurves, and sizes, we conclude
that the rotational properties of Maria family asteroids have been changed
considerably by non-gravitational forces such as the YORP effect. Using a
lightcurve inversion method (Kaasalainen & Torppa 2001; Kaasalainen et al.
2001), we successfully determined the pole orientations for 13 Maria members,
and found an excess of prograde versus retrograde spins with a ratio (N_p/N_r)
of 3. This implies that the retrograde rotators could have been ejected by the
3:1 resonance into the inner Solar System since the formation of Maria family.
We estimate that approximately 37 to 75 Maria family asteroids larger than 1 km
have entered the near-Earth space every 100 Myr.


title: A note on the theorem of Maynard and Tao

abstract:
  As a corollary to the recent extraordinary theorem of Maynard and Tao, we
re-prove, in a stronger form, a result of Shiu concerning "strings" of
consecutive, congruent primes.


title:
Phenomenology of Harmless Family Gauge Bosons to $K^0$-$\bar{K}^0$
  Mixing

abstract:
  When we try to consider family gauge bosons with a lower energy scale, a
major obstacle is constraints from the observed $P^0$-$\bar{P}^0$ mixings
($P^0=K^0, D^0, B^0,B^0_s$). Against such a conventional view, we point out
that, in a U(3) family gauge boson model, the bosons are harmless to any
$P^0$-$\bar{P}^0$ mixings independently of explicit values of the family
mixings, if masses $M_{ij}$ of the gauge bosons $A_i^{\ j}$ ($i,j$ are family
indexes) satisfy a relation $2/M_{ij}^2=1/M_{ii}^2 +1/M_{jj}^2$. If such the
case can be realized together with an inverted mass hierarchy $M_{33}^2 \ll
M_{22}^2 \ll M_{11}^2$, we can consider family gauge bosons with a considerably
lower scale, so that we can expect rich signs for family gauge bosons in a TeV
scale.


title: Uniqueness of Rankin-Selberg periods

abstract:
  Let $k$ be a local field of characteristic zero. Rankin-Selberg's local zeta
integrals produce linear functionals on generic irreducible admissible smooth
representations of $GL_n(k)\times GL_r(k)$, with certain invariance properties.
We show that up to scalar multiplication, these linear functionals are
determined by the invariance properties.


title:
More Efficient Privacy Amplification with Less Random Seeds via Dual
  Universal Hash Function

abstract:
  We explicitly construct random hash functions for privacy amplification
(extractors) that require smaller random seed lengths than the previous
literature, and still allow efficient implementations with complexity $O(n\log
n)$ for input length $n$. The key idea is the concept of dual universal$_2$
hash function introduced recently. We also use a new method for constructing
extractors by concatenating $\delta$-almost dual universal$_2$ hash functions
with other extractors. Besides minimizing seed lengths, we also introduce
methods that allow one to use non-uniform random seeds for extractors. These
methods can be applied to a wide class of extractors, including dual
universal$_2$ hash function, as well as to conventional universal$_2$ hash
functions.


title:
H\"older stable determination of a quantum scalar potential in unbounded
  cylindrical domains

abstract:
  We consider the inverse problem of determining the time independent scalar
potential of the dynamic Schr\"odinger equation in an infinite cylindrical
domain from one boundary Neumann observation of the solution. We prove H\"older
stability by choosing the Dirichlet boundary condition suitably.


title: Inclusions of Waterman-Shiba spaces into generalized Wiener classes

abstract:
  The characterization of the inclusion of Waterman-Shiba spaces $\Lambda
BV^{(p)}$ into generalized Wiener classes of functions $BV(q;\,\delta)$ is
given. It uses a new and shorter proof and extends an earlier result of U.
Goginava.


title: Note on the super inflation in loop quantum cosmology

abstract:
  Phenomenological effect of the super-inflation in loop quantum cosmology
(LQC) is discussed. We investigate the case that the Universe is filled with
the interacting field between massive scalar field and radiation. Considering
the damping coefficient $\Gamma$ as a constant, the changes of the scale factor
during super-inflation with four different initial conditions are discussed,
and we find that the changes of the scale factor depends on the initial values
of energy density of the scalar field and radiation at the bounce point. But no
matter which initial condition is chosen, the radiation always dominated at the
late time. Moreover, we investigate whether the super-inflation can provide
enough e-folding number. For the super-inflation starts from the quantum bounce
point, the initial value of Hubble parameter $H(t_i)\sim0$, then it is possible
to solve the flatness problem and horizon problem. As an example, following the
method of \cite{Amoros-prd} to calculate particle horizon on the condition that
the radiation dominated at bounce point, and we find that the Universe has had
enough time to be homogeneous and isotopic.


title:
Anomalous interactions of the top quark with photon via flavor changing
  neutral currents at the CLIC

abstract:
  Photon-photon reaction provides an excellent opportunity to isolate the
$tq\gamma$ vertex. For this purpose, we have examined the potential of the
$e^{-}e^{+}\rightarrow e^{-}\gamma^{*}\gamma^{*}e^{+}\rightarrow
e^{-}t\bar{q}e^{+}\rightarrow e^{-}W b\bar{q}e^{+}$ ($\gamma^{*}$ is the
Weizsacker-Williams photon and $q=u,c$) process to investigate the anomalous
$tq\gamma$ couplings in $\gamma^{*}\gamma^{*}$ collisions at the CLIC. We have
obtained $95\%$ confidence level limits on the anomalous couplings for various
values of the center-of-mass energy and integrated luminosity. We have shown
that the limit on anomalous $\kappa_{tq\gamma}$ coupling is more restricted
with respect to current experimental limits.


title: Consistency of the tachyon warm inflationary universe models

abstract:
  This study concerns the consistency of the tachyon warm inflationary models.
A linear stability analysis is performed to find the slow-roll conditions,
characterized by the potential slow-roll (PSR) parameters, for the existence of
a tachyon warm inflationary attractor in the system. The PSR parameters in the
tachyon warm inflationary models are redefined. Two cases, an exponential
potential and an inverse power-law potential, are studied, when the dissipative
coefficient $\Gamma=\Gamma_0$ and $\Gamma=\Gamma(\phi)$, respectively. A
crucial condition is obtained for a tachyon warm inflationary model
characterized by the Hubble slow-roll (HSR) parameter $\epsilon_{_H}$, and the
condition is extendable to some other inflationary models as well. A proper
number of e-folds is obtained in both cases of the tachyon warm inflation, in
contrast to existing works. It is also found that a constant dissipative
coefficient $(\Gamma=\Gamma_0)$ is usually not a suitable assumption for a warm
inflationary model.


title:
Quenched invariance principle for a long-range random walk with
  unbounded conductances

abstract:
  We consider a random walk on a random graph $(V,E)$, where $V$ is the set of
open sites under i.i.d. Bernoulli site percolation on the multi-dimensional
integer set $\mathbf{Z}^d$, and the transition probabilities of the walk are
generated by i.i.d. random conductances (positive numbers) assigned to the
edges in $E$. This random walk in random environments has long range jumps and
is reversible. We prove the quenched invariance principle for this walk when
the random conductances are unbounded from above but uniformly bounded from
zero by taking the corrector approach. To this end, we prove a metric
comparison between the graph metric and the Euclidean metric on the graph $(V,
E)$, an estimation of a first-passage percolation and an almost surely weighted
Poincar{\'{e}} inequality on $(V,E)$, which are used to prove the quenched heat
kernel estimations for the random walk.


title:
Remarks on the energy release rate for an antiplane moving crack in
  couple stress elasticity

abstract:
  This paper is concerned with the steady-state propagation of an antiplane
semi-infinite crack in couple stress elastic materials. A distributed loading
applied at the crack faces and moving with the same velocity of the crack tip
is considered, and the influence of the loading profile variations and
microstructural effects on the dynamic energy release rate is investigated. The
behaviour of both energy release rate and maximum total shear stress when the
crack tip speed approaches the critical speed (either that of the shear waves
or that of the localised surface waves) is studied. The limit case
corresponding to vanishing characteristic scale lengths is addressed both
numerically and analytically by means of a comparison with classical elasticity
results.


title: Color spin wave functions of heavy tetraquark states

abstract:
  Using the variational method, we calculate the mass of the J^P=1^+
(ud)bar(bb) tetraquark containing two identical heavy antiquarks in a
nonrelativistic potential model with color confinement and spin hyperfine
interaction. In particular, we extend a previous investigation of the model by
Brink and Stancu by investigating the effect of including the color anti-sextet
component of the diquark configuration as well as using several more Gaussian
parametrization for the L=0 part of the spatial wave function. We find that for
the heavy tetraquark, the 6bar{6} component among the color singlet bases is
negligible and that the previously used specific Gaussian spatial configuration
is good enough in obtaining the ground state energy.


title:
Stability, Electronic and Magnetic properties of magnetically doped
  topological insulators Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3

abstract:
  Magnetic interaction with the gapless surface states in topological insulator
(TI) has been predicted to give rise to a few exotic quantum phenomena.
However, the effective magnetic doping of TI is still challenging in
experiment. Using first-principles calculations, the magnetic doping properties
(V, Cr, Mn and Fe) in three strong TIs (Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$, Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ and
Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$) are investigated. We find that for all three TIs the
cation-site substitutional doping is most energetically favorable with
anion-rich environment as the optimal growth condition. Further our results
show that under the nominal doping concentration of 4%, Cr and Fe doped
Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$, Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$, and Cr doped Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ remain as
insulator, while all TIs doped with V, Mn and Fe doped Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ become
metal. We also show that the magnetic interaction of Cr doped Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$
tends to be ferromagnetic, while Fe doped Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ is likely to be
antiferromagnetic. Finally, we estimate the magnetic coupling and the Curie
temperature for the promising ferromagnetic insulator (Cr doped
Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$) by Monte Carlo simulation. These findings may provide
important guidance for the magnetism incorporation in TIs experimentally.


title: On a Conjecture of Erd\H{o}s, Gallai, and Tuza

abstract:
  Erd\H{o}s, Gallai, and Tuza posed the following problem: given an $n$-vertex
graph $G$, let $\tau_1(G)$ denote the smallest size of a set of edges whose
deletion makes $G$ triangle-free, and let $\alpha_1(G)$ denote the largest size
of a set of edges containing at most one edge from each triangle of $G$. Is it
always the case that $\alpha_1(G) + \tau_1(G) \leq n^2/4$? We have two main
results. We first obtain the upper bound $\alpha_1(G) + \tau_1(G) \leq
5n^2/16$, as a partial result towards the Erd\H{o}s--Gallai--Tuza conjecture.
We also show that always $\alpha_1(G) \leq n^2/2 - m$, where $m$ is the number
of edges in $G$; this bound is sharp in several notable cases.


title:
Rational extension and Jacobi-type {\boldmath{$X_m$}} solutions of a
  quantum nonlinear oscillator

abstract:
  We construct a rational extension of a recently studied nonlinear quantum
oscillator model. Our extended model is shown to retain exact solvability,
admitting a discrete spectrum and corresponding closed-form solutions that are
expressed through Jacobi-type $X_m$ exceptional orthogonal polynomials.


title:
Fast 4$\pi$ track reconstruction in nuclear emulsion detectors based on
  GPU technology

abstract:
  Fast 4$\pi$ solid angle particle track recognition has been a challenge in
particle physics for a long time, especially in using nuclear emulsion
detectors. The recent advances in computing technology opened the way for its
realization. A fast 4$\pi$ solid angle particle track reconstruction based on
GPU technology combined with a multithread programming is reported here with a
detailed comparison between GPU-based and CPU-based programming. A 60 times
faster processing of 3D emulsion detector data, corresponding to processing of
15 cm$^2$ emulsion surface scanned per hour, has been achieved by GPUs with an
excellent tracking performance.


title:
Quantum Confinement in Nonadditive Space with a Spatially Dependent
  Effective Mass for Si and Ge Quantum Wells

abstract:
  We calculate the effect of a spatially dependent effective mass (SPDEM)
[adapted from R. N. Costa Filho et al. Phys. Rev. A., \textbf{84} 050102
(2011)] on an electron and hole confined in a quantum well (QW). In the work of
Costa Filho et al., the translation operator is modified to include an inverse
character length scale, $\gamma$, which defines the SPDEM. The introduction of
$\gamma$ means translations are no longer additive. In nonadditive space, we
choose a `skewed' Gaussian confinement potential defined by the replacement
$x\rightarrow\gamma^{-1}\ln(1+\gamma x)$ in the usual Gaussian potential.
Within the parabolic approximation $\gamma$ is inversely related to the QW
thickness and we obtain analytic solutions to our confinement Hamiltonian. Our
calculation yields a reduced dispersion relation for the gap energy ($E_G$) as
a function of QW thickness, $D$: $E_G\sim D^{-1}$, compared to the effective
mass approximation: $E_G\sim D^{-2}$. Additionally, nonadditive space contracts
the position space metric thus increasing the occupied momentum space and
reducing the effective mass, in agreement the relation: $m_o^{*-1}\propto
\frac{\partial^2 E}{\partial \v{k}^2}$. The change in the effective mass is
shown to be a function of the confinement potential via a point canonical
transformation. Our calculation agrees with experimental measurements of $E_G$
for Si and Ge QWs.


title: Electroweak corrections to Z + 2 jets production at the LHC

abstract:
  We present results for the electroweak radiative corrections to the
production of a leptonically decaying Z boson in association with two jets at
the LHC. Tree-level and one-loop amplitudes have been obtained with the
computer code Recola for the recursive generation of tree-level and one-loop
amplitudes in the Standard Model. The one-loop integrals have been calculated
with the tensor-integral library Collier. The electroweak corrections turn out
to be small for inclusive cross sections but can become large in tails of
distributions.


title:
Constraint on Pulsar Wind Properties from Induced Compton Scattering off
  Radio Pulses

abstract:
  Pulsar winds have longstanding problems in energy conversion and pair cascade
processes which determine the magnetization $\sigma$, the pair multiplicity
$\kappa$ and the bulk Lorentz factor $\gamma$ of the wind. We study induced
Compton scattering by a relativistically moving cold plasma to constrain wind
properties by imposing that radio pulses from the pulsar itself are not
scattered by the wind as was first studied by Wilson & Rees. We find that
relativistic effects cause a significant increase or decrease of the scattering
coefficient depending on scattering geometry. Applying to the Crab, we consider
uncertainties of an inclination angle of the wind velocity with respect to the
radio beam $\theta_{\rm pl}$ and the emission region size $r_{\rm e}$ which
determines an opening angle of the radio beam. We obtain the lower limit
$\gamma\gtrsim10^{1.7}r^{1/2}_{\rm e,3}\theta^{-1}_{\rm pl}(1+\sigma)^{-1/4}$
($r_{\rm e}=10^3r_{\rm e,3}$ cm) at the light cylinder $r_{\rm LC}$ for an
inclined wind $\theta_{\rm pl}>10^{-2.7}$. For an aligned wind $\theta_{\rm
pl}<10^{-2.7}$, we require $\gamma>10^{2.7}$ at $r_{\rm LC}$ and an additional
constraint $\gamma>10^{3.4}r^{1/5}_{\rm e,3}(1+\sigma)^{-1/10}$ at the
characteristic scattering radius $r_{\rm c}=10^{9.6}r^{2/5}_{\rm e,3}$ cm
within which the `lack of time' effect prevents scattering. Considering the
lower limit $\kappa\gtrsim10^{6.6}$ suggested by recent studies of the Crab
Nebula, for $r_{\rm e}=10^3$ cm, we obtain the most optimistic constraint
$10^{1.7}\lesssim\gamma\lesssim10^{3.9}$ and
$10^{6.6}\lesssim\kappa\lesssim10^{8.8}$ which are independent of $r$ when
$\theta_{\rm pl}\sim1$ and $1+\sigma\sim1$ at $r_{\rm LC}$.


title:
Atmospheric multiple scattering of fluorescence light from extensive air
  showers and effect of the aerosol size on the reconstruction of energy and
  depth of maximum

abstract:
  The reconstruction of the energy and the depth of maximum $X_{\rm max}$ of an
extensive air shower depends on the multiple scattering of fluorescence photons
in the atmosphere. In this work, we explain how atmospheric aerosols, and
especially their size, scatter the fluorescence photons during their
propagation. Using a Monte Carlo simulation for the scattering of light, the
dependence on the aerosol conditions of the multiple scattered light
contribution to the recorded signal is fully parameterised. A clear dependence
on the aerosol size is proposed for the first time. Finally, using this new
parameterisation, the effect of atmospheric aerosols on the energy and on the
$X_{\rm max}$ reconstructions is presented for a vertical extensive air shower
observed by a ground-based detector at $30~$km: for typical aerosol conditions,
multiple scattering leads to a systematic over-estimation of $5\pm1.5\%$ for
the energy and $4.0\pm 1.5~$g/cm$^2$ for the $X_{\rm max}$, where the
uncertainties refer to a variation of the aerosol size.


title:
Constraining models of initial conditions with elliptic and triangular
  flow data

abstract:
  We carry out a combined analysis of elliptic and triangular flow data using
viscous relativistic hydrodynamics. We show that these data allow to put tight
constraints on models of the early dynamics of a nucleus-nucleus collision.
Specifically, the rms values of the initial ellipticity $\varepsilon_2$ and the
initial triangularity $\varepsilon_3$ are constrained to lie within a narrow
band for each centrality. We use these constraints as a filter for existing
Monte-Carlo models of initial state, and provide a simple test that can be
performed on any candidate model to determine its compatibility with data.


title:
Search for dark matter at high-power laser facilities : flawed
  luminosity calculations in QPS -- Quasi parallel scattering

abstract:
  I point the erroneous use, in several papers published recently, of the well
known expression for the luminosity of the head-on collision of two particle
bunches, in a QPS -- Quasi parallel scattering -- configuration, in which the
two beams are co-propagating, and the collision of individual particles takes
place at a small angle wrt co-propagation.


title: Dark Matter -- a light move

abstract:
  This proceedings contribution reports from the workshop Dark Matter - a light
move, held at DESY in Hamburg in June 2013. Dark Matter particle candidates
span a huge parameter range. In particular, well motivated candidates exist
also in the sub-eV mass region, for example the axion. Whilst a plethora of
searches for rather heavy Dark Matter particles exists, there are only very few
experiments aimed at direct detection of sub-eV Dark Matter to this date. The
aim of our workshop was to discuss if and how this could be changed in the near
future.


title:
$B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ in the SM and $\bar{B}\to X_s \gamma$ in the 2HDM
  at NNLO in QCD

abstract:
  In this contribution the QCD next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) matching
coefficients to the branching ratio $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ in the Standard Model
(SM) and to $\bar{B}\to X_s \gamma$ in the Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) are
discussed. In both cases a three-loop matching between the full and effective
theory was performed, which leads to a significant reduction of the scale
uncertainty.


title: Monte Carlo methods for light propagation in biological tissues

abstract:
  Light propagation in turbid media is driven by the equation of radiative
transfer. We give a formal probabilistic representation of its solution in the
framework of biological tissues and we implement algorithms based on Monte
Carlo methods in order to estimate the quantity of light that is received by an
homogeneous tissue when emitted by an optic fiber. A variance reduction method
is studied and implemented, as well as a Markov chain Monte Carlo method based
on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The resulting estimating methods are then
compared to the so-called Wang-Prahl (or Wang) method. Finally, the formal
representation allows to derive a non-linear optimization algorithm close to
Levenberg-Marquardt that is used for the estimation of the scattering and
absorption coefficients of the tissue from measurements.


title:
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-type transitions in d=2 quantum O(2) and
  O(2)xO(2) nonlinear sigma models

abstract:
  We discuss the d=2 quantum O(2)xO(2) nonlinear sigma model as a low-energy
theory of phase reconstruction near a quantum critical point. We first examine
the evolution of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition as the
quantum limit is approached in the usual O(2) nonlinear sigma model. Then we go
on to review results on the ground-state phase diagram of the O(2)xO(2)
nonlinear sigma model, and on the behaviour of the O(2)xO(M) nonlinear sigma
model with M>2 in the classical limit. Finally, we present a conjectured
finite-temperature phase diagram for the quantum version of the latter model in
the O(2)xO(2) case. The nature of the finite-temperature BKT-like transitions
in the phase diagram is discussed, and avenues for further calculation are
identified.


title:
Josephson directional amplifier for quantum measurement of
  superconducting circuits

abstract:
  We have realized a microwave quantum-limited amplifier that is directional
and can therefore function without the front circulator needed in many quantum
measurements. The amplification takes place in only one direction between the
input and output ports. Directionality is achieved by multi-pump parametric
amplification combined with wave interference. We have verified the device
noise performances by using it to readout a superconducting qubit and observed
quantum jumps. With an improved version of this device, qubit and preamplifer
could be integrated on the same chip.


title: Complete families of smooth space curves and strong semistability

abstract:
  We construct the first non-trivial examples of complete families of
non-degenerate smooth space curves, and show that the base of such a family
cannot be a rational curve. Both results rely on the study of the strong
semistability of certain vector bundles.


title:
New limits on heavy sterile neutrino mixing in ${^{8}\rm{B}}$-decay
  obtained with the Borexino detector

abstract:
  If heavy neutrinos with mass $m_{\nu_{H}}\geq$2$ m_e $ are produced in the
Sun via the decay ${^8\rm{B}} \rightarrow {^8\rm{Be}} + e^+ + \nu_H$ in a side
branch of pp-chain, they would undergo the observable decay into an electron, a
positron and a light neutrino $\nu_{H}\rightarrow\nu_{L}+e^++e^-$. In the
present work Borexino data are used to set a bound on the existence of such
decays. We constrain the mixing of a heavy neutrino with mass 1.5 MeV $\leq
m_{\nu_{H}} \le$ 14 MeV to be $|U_{eH}|^2\leq (10^{-3}-4\times10^{-6})$
respectively. These are tighter limits on the mixing parameters than obtained
in previous experiments at nuclear reactors and accelerators.


title: A new Approach for Magnetic Curves in 3D Riemannian Manifolds

abstract:
  A magnetic field is defined by the property that its divergence is zero in a
three dimensional oriented Riemannian manifold. Each magnetic field generates a
magnetic flow whose trajectories are curves called as magnetic curves. In this
paper, we give a new variational approach to studies the magnetic flow
asociated with the Killing magnetic field in a three dimensional oriented
Riemann manifold, And then, we investigate the trajectories of the magnetic
fields called as N-magnetic and B-magnetic curves.


title:
Characterizing the transition from classical to quantum as an
  irreversible loss of physical information

abstract:
  The experimental confirmation of Landauer principle and the emerging concept
of a computational universe make it more and more crucial to understand the
physical sense of information, as it has an intrinsic relation with observer
knowledge that is often rejected as subjective. In this paper we propose an
objective definition of phase information in a purely classical computational
universe with quantized phase states, this quantization being imposed by our
fundamental hypothesis that physical information has a finite and limited
density, responsible for the irreversibility. We use a statistical study of
results obtained by numerical simulations of a billiard to highlight an
excessive and paradoxical loss of phase information that we solve by involving
a classical to quantum transition. After discussing the pertinence of such a
transition to clarify some problematic aspects of statistical physics, we
conclude that a computational universe should automatically lose phase
information through time in an irreversible way, which could be compensated by
a gain of physical information due to observation and decoherence.


title: From cage-jump motion to macroscopic diffusion in supercooled liquids

abstract:
  The evaluation of the long term stability of a material requires the
estimation of its long-time dynamics. For amorphous materials such as
structural glasses, it has proven difficult to predict the long-time dynamics
starting from static measurements. Here we consider how long one needs to
monitor the dynamics of a structural glass to predict its long--time features.
We present a detailed characterization of the statistical features of the
single-particle intermittent motion of structural glasses, and show that
single--particle jumps are the irreversible events leading to the relaxation of
the system. This allows to evaluate the diffusion constant on the time--scale
of the jump duration, which is small and temperature independent, well before
the system enters the diffusive regime. The prediction is obtained by analyzing
the particle trajectories via a parameter-free algorithm.


title:
Fate of disorder-induced inhomogeneities in strongly correlated d-wave
  superconductors

abstract:
  We analyze the complex interplay of the strong correlations and impurities in
a high temperature superconductor and show that both the nature and degree of
the inhomogeneities at zero temperature in the local order parameters change
drastically from what are obtained in a simple Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory.
While both the strong electronic repulsions and disorder contribute to the
nanoscale inhomogeneity in the population of charge-carriers, we find them to
compete with each other leading to a relatively smooth variation of the local
density. Our self-consistent calculations modify the spatial fluctuations in
the pairing amplitude by suppressing all the double-occupancy within a
Gutzwiller formalism and prohibit the formation of distinct
superconducting-`islands'. In contrast, presence of such `islands' controls the
outcome if strong correlations are neglected. The reorganization of the spatial
structures in the Gutzwiller method makes these superconductors surprisingly
insensitive to the impurities. This is illustrated by a very weak decay of
superfluid stiffness, off-diagonal long range order and local density of states
up to a large disorder strength. Exploring the origin of such a robustness we
conclude that the underlying one-particle normal states reshape in a rich
manner, such that the superconductor formed by pairing these states experiences
a weaker but spatially correlated effective disorder. Such a route to
superconductivity is evocative of Anderson's theorem. Our results capture the
key experimental trends in the cuprates.


title:
QCD phase diagram at strong coupling including auxiliary field
  fluctuations

abstract:
  We investigate the phase diagram and the mechanism for the sign problem to
appear in finite density QCD at strong coupling in a combined framework of the
auxiliary field Monte-Carlo (AFMC) and the chiral angle fixing (CAF) methods.
When bosonizing meson hopping terms in the effective action, we need to
introduce imaginary number coefficients, which leads to a complex phase in
numerical simulations. By using the cut-off technique, we quantitatively show
that high momentum modes of auxiliary fields mainly contribute to the weight
cancellation; Cutting-off high-momentum auxiliary field modes does not modify
order parameters but suppresses statistical weight cancellation, when we choose
the cut-off parameter appropriately.


title:
CO ro-vibrational lines in HD100546: A search for disc asymmetries and
  the role of fluorescence

abstract:
  We have studied the emission of CO ro-vibrational lines in the disc around
the Herbig Be star HD100546 with the final goal of using these lines as a
diagnostic to understand inner disc structure in the context of planet
formation. High-resolution IR spectra of CO ro-vibrational emission at eight
different position angles were taken with CRIRES at the VLT. From these spectra
flux tables, CO ro-vibrational line profiles, and population diagrams were
produced. We have investigated variations in the line profile shapes and line
strengths as a function of slit position angle. We used the thermochemical disc
modelling code ProDiMo based on the chemistry, radiation field, and temperature
structure of a previously published model for HD100546. Comparing observations
and the model, we investigated the possibility of disc asymmetries, the
excitation mechanism (UV fluorescence), the geometry, and physical conditions
of the inner disc. The observed CO ro-vibrational lines are largely emitted
from the inner rim of the outer disc at 10-13 AU. The line shapes are similar
for all v levels and line fluxes from all vibrational levels vary only within
one order of magnitude. All line profile asymmetries and variations can be
explained with a symmetric disc model to which a slit correction and pointing
offset is applied. Because the angular size of the CO emitting region (10-13
AU) and the slit width are comparable the line profiles are very sensitive to
the placing of the slit. The model reproduces the line shapes and the fluxes of
the v=1-0 lines as well as the spatial extent of the CO ro-vibrational
emission. It does not reproduce the observed band ratios of 0.5-0.2 with higher
vibrational bands. We find that lower gas volume densities at the surface of
the inner rim of the outer disc can make the fluorescence pumping more effcient
and reproduce the observed band ratios.


title: Another Argument in Favour of Wilcoxon's Signed Rank Test

abstract:
  The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test is typically called upon when testing whether a
symmetric distribution has a specified centre and the Gaussianity is in
question. As with all insurance policies it comes with a cost, even if small,
in terms of power versus a t-test, when the distribution is indeed Gaussian. In
this note we further show that even when the distribution tested is Gaussian
there need not be power loss at all, if the alternative is of a mixture type
rather than a shift. The signed rank test may turn out to be more powerful than
the t-test, and the supposedly conservative strategy, might actually be the
more powerful one. Drug testing and functional magnetic imaging are two such
scenarios.
  Wilcoxon' signed rank test will typically be called upon by a researcher when
testing for the location of a single population, using a small sample and
Gaussianity is dubious. As all insurance policies, it will come with a cost--
power. It is well known, that under a Gaussian setup, the signed rank test is
less powerful than, say, a t-test. The works of Pitman and others have
reassured us that this power loss is surprisingly small. In this note we argue
that the power loss might actually be smaller than typically assumed. In
particular, if the deviation from the null Gaussian distribution is of a
mixture type and not a shift type, the signed rank test is no longer dominated
by the t-test and can actually be more powerful.


title: Dealing with the Fuzziness of Human Reasoning

abstract:
  Reasoning, the most important human brain operation, is charactrized by a
degree fuzziness. In the present paper we construct a fuzzy model for the
reasoning process giving through the calculation of the possibilities of all
possible individuals' profiles a quantitative/qualitative view of their
behaviour during the above process and we use the centroid defuzzification
technique for measuring the reasoning skills. We also present a number of
classroom experiments illustrating our results in practice.


title:
A setup for the study of surface processes under external homogeneous
  electric fields

abstract:
  A setup for studying the influence of external electric fields on dynamic
surface processes is described. Spatially-extended homogeneous electric fields
are realized by applying a DC voltage in between a planar electrode and a
metallic substrate, which are separated by a narrow vacuum gap. The functional
capability of the device is demonstrated by recording the field-emission
characteristic as a function of the applied field up to 2.3 V/nm, revealing
proper Fowler-Nordheim tunneling behavior.


title:
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets
  final state

abstract:
  A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks (t*
t*-bar), each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data
collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy
of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or
electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which
one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark.
The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns,
show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower
limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t* quark in an
extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of
its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2
excited top quark performed at the LHC.


title: On wavenumber spectra for sound within subsonic jets

abstract:
  This paper clarifies the nature of sound spectra within subsonic jets. Three
problems, of increasing complexity, are presented. Firstly, a point source is
placed in a two-dimensional plug flow and the sound field is obtained
analytically. Secondly, a point source is embedded in a diverging axisymmetric
jet and the sound field is obtained by solving the linearised Euler equations.
Finally, an analysis of the acoustic waves propagating through a turbulent jet
obtained by direct numerical simulation is presented. In each problem, the
pressure or density field are analysed in the frequency-wavenumber domain. It
is found that acoustic waves can be classified into three main
frequency-dependent groups. A physical justification is provided for this
classification. The main conclusion is that, at low Strouhal numbers, acoustic
waves satisfy the d'Alembertian dispersion relation.