title: Many body renormalization of the minimal conductivity in graphene

abstract:
  The conductance of ballistic graphene at the neutrality point is due to
coherent electron tunneling between the leads, the so called pseudodiffusive
regime. The conductance scales as function of the sample dimensions in the same
way as in a diffusive metal, despite the difference in the physical mechanisms
involved. The electron-electron interaction modifies this regime, and plays a
role similar to that of the environment in macroscopic quantum phenomena. We
show that interactions, and the presence of external gates, change
substantially the transport properties, and can lead to a diverging resistivity
at the neutrality point.


title: Entropic Barriers for Two-Dimensional Quantum Memories

abstract:
  Comprehensive no-go theorems show that information encoded over local
two-dimensional topologically ordered systems cannot support macroscopic energy
barriers, and hence will not maintain stable quantum information at finite
temperatures for macroscopic timescales. However, it is still well motivated to
study low-dimensional quantum memories due to their experimental amenability.
Here we introduce a grid of defect lines to Kitaev's quantum double model where
different anyonic excitations carry different masses. This setting produces a
complex energy landscape which entropically suppresses the diffusion of
excitations that cause logical errors. We show numerically that entropically
suppressed errors give rise to super-exponential inverse temperature scaling
and polynomial system size scaling for small system sizes over a
low-temperature regime. Curiously, these entropic effects are not present below
a certain low temperature. We show that we can vary the system to modify this
bound and potentially extend the described effects to zero temperature.


title: Variable X-ray reflection from 1H~0419--577

abstract:
  We present detailed broadband X-ray spectral variability of a Seyfert 1
galaxy 1H~0419--577 based on an archival \suzaku{} observation in July 2007, a
new \suzaku{} observation performed in January 2010 and the two latest \xmm{}
observations from May 2010. All the observations show soft X-ray excess
emission below $2\kev$ and both \suzaku{} observations show a hard X-ray excess
emission above $10\kev$ when compared to a power-law. We have tested three
physical models -- a complex partial covering absorption model, a blurred
reflection model and an intrinsic disk Comptonization model. Among these three
models, the blurred reflection model provided statistically the best-fit to all
the four observations. Irrespective of the models used, the soft X-ray excess
emission requires contribution from a thermal component similar to that
expected from an accretion disk. The partial covering absorption model results
in a nonphysical high temperature ($kT_{in} \sim 100\ev$) for an accretion disk
and is also statistically the worst fit among the three models. 1H~0419--577
showed remarkable X-ray spectral variability. The soft X-ray excess and the
power-law both became weaker in January 2010 as well as in May 2010. A
moderately broad iron line, detected in July 2007, is absent in the January
2010 observation. Correlated variability of the soft X-ray excess and the iron
$K\alpha$ line strongly suggest reflection origin for both the components.
However, such spectral variability cannot be explained by the light bending
model alone and requires changes in the accretion disk/corona geometry possibly
arising from changes in the accretion rate.


title:
Diagnostics of AGN-driven Molecular Outflows in ULIRGs from
  Herschel-PACS Observations of OH at 119um

abstract:
  We report on our observations of the 79 and 119um doublet transitions of OH
for 24 local (z<0.262) ULIRGs observed with Herschel-PACS as part of the
Herschel ULIRG Survey (HERUS). Some OH119 profiles display a clear P-Cygni
shape and therefore imply outflowing OH gas, other profiles are predominantly
in absorption or are completely in emission. We find that the relative strength
of the OH emission component decreases as the silicate absorption increases.
This locates the OH outflows inside the obscured nuclei. The maximum outflow
velocities for our sources range from less than 100 to 2000 km/s, with 15/24
(10/24) sources showing OH absorption at velocities exceeding 700 km/s (1000
km/s). Three sources show maximum OH outflow velocities exceeding that of
Mrk231. Since outflow velocities above 500-700 km/s are thought to require an
active galactic nucleus (AGN) to drive them, about 2/3 of our ULIRG sample may
host AGN-driven molecular outflows. This finding is supported by the
correlation we find between the maximum OH outflow velocity and the IR-derived
bolometric AGN luminosity. No such correlation is found with the IR-derived
star formation rate. The highest outflow velocities are found among sources
which are still deeply embedded. We speculate that the molecular outflows in
these sources may be in an early phase of disrupting the nuclear dust veil
before these sources evolve into less obscured AGN. Four of our sources show
high-velocity wings in their [C II] fine-structure line profiles implying
neutral gas outflow masses of at least 2-4.5 x 10^8 Msun.


title:
Charge Asymmetry in Top Pair plus Jet Production -- A Snowmass White
  Paper

abstract:
  We investigate the discovery potential of the top-quark charge asymmetry at
the LHC in top-antitop production in association with a hard jet. In this
process, the charge asymmetry can be accessed via two novel observables: the
incline asymmetry, which probes the quark-antiquark channel, and the energy
asymmetry, which gives access to the quark-gluon channel. At 8 TeV collision
energy, the significance for both observables is statistically limited. With 14
TeV and an integrated luminosity of 50 inverse fb or more, an asymmetry of up
to -12% can be observed with a statistical significance of more than 5 standard
deviations. Prospects of measuring the charge asymmetry at the intended
high-luminosity and high-energy LHC upgrades are discussed.


title: Pseudo-Anosov dilatations and the Johnson filtration

abstract:
  Answering a question of Farb-Leininger-Margalit, we give explicit lower
bounds for the dilatations of pseudo-Anosov mapping classes lying in the kth
term of the Johnson filtration of the mapping class group.


title: The electric and magnetic form factors of the proton

abstract:
  The paper describes a precise measurement of electron scattering off the
proton at momentum transfers of $0.003 \lesssim Q^2 \lesssim 1$\ GeV$^2$. The
average point-to-point error of the cross sections in this experiment is $\sim$
0.37%. These data are used for a coherent new analysis together with all world
data of unpolarized and polarized electron scattering from the very smallest to
the highest momentum transfers so far measured. The extracted electric and
magnetic form factors provide new insight into their exact shape, deviating
from the classical dipole form, and of structure on top of this gross shape.
The data reaching very low $Q^2$ values are used for a new determination of the
electric and magnetic radii. An empirical determination of the
Two-Photon-Exchange (TPE) correction is presented. The implications of this
correction on the radii and the question of a directly visible signal of the
pion cloud are addressed.


title:
The classification of minimal irregular surfaces of general type with
  K^2= 2p_g

abstract:
  Minimal irregular surfaces of general type satisfy K^2\geq 2p_g. In this
paper we classify those surfaces for which the equality K^2=2p_g holds.


title: Noisy Relativistic Quantum Games in Noninertial Frames

abstract:
  The influence of noise and of Unruh effect on quantum Prisoners' dilemma is
investigated both for entangled and unentangled initial states. The noise is
incorporated through amplitude damping channel. For unentangled initial state,
the decoherence compensates for the adverse effect of acceleration of the frame
and the effect of acceleration becomes irrelevant provided the game is fully
decohered. It is shown that the inertial player always out scores the
noninertial player by choosing defection. For maximally entangled initially
state, we show that for fully decohered case every strategy profile results in
either of the two possible equilibrium outcomes. Two of the four possible
strategy profiles become Pareto Optimal and Nash equilibrium and no dilemma is
leftover. It is shown that other equilibrium points emerge for different region
of values of decoherence parameter that are either Pareto optimal or Pareto
inefficient in the quantum strategic spaces. It is shown that the Eisert et al
miracle move is a special move that leads always to distinguishable results
compare to other moves. We show that the dilemma like situation is resolved in
favor of one player or the other.


title: Engineering Weyl nodes in Dirac semimetals by a magnetic field

abstract:
  We study the phase diagram of a Dirac semimetal in a magnetic field at a
nonzero charge density. It is shown that there exists a critical value of the
chemical potential at which a first-order phase transition takes place. At
subcritical values of the chemical potential the ground state is a gapped state
with a dynamically generated Dirac mass and a broken chiral symmetry. The
supercritical phase is the normal (gapless) phase with a nontrivial chiral
structure: it is a Weyl semimetal with a pair of Weyl nodes for each of the
original Dirac points. The nodes are separated by a dynamically induced chiral
shift. The direction of the chiral shift coincides with that of the magnetic
field and its magnitude is determined by the quasiparticle charge density, the
strength of the magnetic field, and the strength of the interaction. The
rearrangement of the Fermi surface accompanying this phase transition is
described.


title:
On a possible origin for the lack of old star clusters in the Small
  Magellanic Cloud

abstract:
  We model the dynamical interaction between the Small and Large Magellanic
Clouds and their corresponding stellar cluster populations. Our goal is to
explore whether the lack of old clusters ($\gtrsim 7$ Gyr) in the Small
Magellanic Cloud (SMC) can be the result of the capture of clusters by the
Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), as well as their ejection due to the tidal
interaction between the two galaxies. For this purpose we perform a suite of
numerical simulations probing a wide range of parameters for the orbit of the
SMC about the LMC. We find that, for orbital eccentricities $e \geq 0.4$,
approximately 15 per cent of the SMC clusters are captured by the LMC. In
addition, another 20 to 50 per cent of its clusters are ejected into the
intergalactic medium. In general, the clusters lost by the SMC are the less
tightly bound cluster population. The final LMC cluster distribution shows a
spatial segregation between clusters that originally belonged to the LMC and
those that were captured from the SMC. Clusters that originally belonged to the
SMC are more likely to be found in the outskirts of the LMC. Within this
scenario it is possible to interpret the difference observed between the star
field and cluster SMC Age-Metallicity Relationships for ages $\gtrsim 7$ Gyr.


title:
Inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms of spinning, precessing black-hole
  binaries in the effective-one-body formalism

abstract:
  We describe a general procedure to generate spinning, precessing waveforms
that include inspiral, merger and ringdown stages in the effective-one-body
(EOB) approach. The procedure uses a precessing frame in which
precession-induced amplitude and phase modulations are minimized, and an
inertial frame, aligned with the spin of the final black hole, in which we
carry out the matching of the inspiral-plunge to merger-ringdown waveforms. As
a first application, we build spinning, precessing EOB waveforms for the
gravitational modes l=2 such that in the nonprecessing limit those waveforms
agree with the EOB waveforms recently calibrated to numerical-relativity
waveforms. Without recalibrating the EOB model, we then compare EOB and
post-Newtonian precessing waveforms to two numerical-relativity waveforms
produced by the Caltech-Cornell-CITA collaboration. The numerical waveforms are
strongly precessing and have 35 and 65 gravitational-wave cycles. We find a
remarkable agreement between EOB and numerical-relativity precessing waveforms
and spins' evolutions. The phase difference is ~ 0.2 rad at merger, while the
mismatches, computed using the advanced-LIGO noise spectral density, are below
2% when maximizing only on the time and phase at coalescence and on the
polarization angle.


title: Comparing skew Schur functions: a quasisymmetric perspective

abstract:
  Reiner, Shaw and van Willigenburg showed that if two skew Schur functions s_A
and s_B are equal, then the skew shapes A and B must have the same "row overlap
partitions." Here we show that these row overlap equalities are also implied by
a much weaker condition than skew Schur equality: that s_A and s_B have the
same support when expanded in the fundamental quasisymmetric basis F.
Surprisingly, there is significant evidence supporting a conjecture that the
converse is also true.
  In fact, we work in terms of inequalities, showing that if the F-support of
s_A contains that of s_B, then the row overlap partitions of A are dominated by
those of B, and again conjecture that the converse also holds. Our evidence in
favor of these conjectures includes their consistency with a complete
determination of all F-support containment relations for F-multiplicity-free
skew Schur functions. We conclude with a consideration of how some other
quasisymmetric bases fit into our framework.


title:
Equilibrium and equilibration in a gluon plasma with improved matrix
  elements

abstract:
  The hot and dense matter created in the early stage of a relativistic heavy
ion collision is composed mainly of gluons. Radiative processes can play an
important role for the thermalization of such partonic systems. The simplest
parton number changing processes are commonly described by the Gunion-Bertsch
formula. We show that the cross section from the exact matrix element for the
lowest order radiative process could be significantly smaller than that based
on the Gunion-Bertsch formula. In light of this, we discuss the role of
radiative processes on the equilibrium and equilibration of a gluon plasma.


title: Graphical law beneath each written natural language

abstract:
  We study twenty four written natural languages. We draw in the log scale,
number of words starting with a letter vs rank of the letter, both normalised.
We find that all the graphs are of the similar type. The graphs are
tantalisingly closer to the curves of reduced magnetisation vs reduced
temperature for magnetic materials. We make a weak conjecture that a curve of
magnetisation underlies a written natural language.


title: Dynamical spike solutions in a nonlocal model of pattern formation

abstract:
  Coupling a reaction-diffusion equation with ordinary differential equations
(ODE) may lead to diffusion-driven instability (DDI) which, in contrast to the
classical reaction-diffusion models, causes destabilization of both, constant
solutions and Turing patterns. Using a shadow-type limit of a
reaction-diffusion-ODE model, we show that in such cases the instability driven
by nonlocal terms (a counterpart of DDI) may lead to formation of unbounded
spike patterns.


title: Where angular momentum goes in a precessing black hole binary

abstract:
  We evolve a set of 32 equal-mass black-hole binaries with collinear spins
(with intrinsic spin magnitudes $|\vec{S}_{1,2}/m^2_{1,2}|=0.8$) to study the
effects of precession in the highly nonlinear plunge and merger regimes. We
compare the direction of the instantaneous radiated angular momentum,
$\hat{\delta J}_{\rm rad}(t)$, to the directions of the total angular momentum,
$\hat{J}(t)$, and the orbital angular momentum, $\hat{L}(t)$. We find that
$\hat{\delta J}_{\rm rad}(t)$ approximately follows $\hat{L}$ throughout the
evolution. During the orbital evolution and merger, we observe that the angle
between $\vec{L}$ and total spin $\vec{S}$ is approximately conserved to within
$1^\circ$, which allows us to propose and test models for the merger remnant's
mass and spin. For instance, we verify that the \hangup effect is the dominant
effect and largely explains the observed total energy and angular momentum
radiated by these precessing systems. We also verify that the total angular
momentum, which significantly decreases in magnitude during the inspiral,
varies in direction by less than $\sim 5^\circ$. The maximum variation in the
direction of $\vec J$ occurs when the spins are nearly antialigned with the
orbital angular momentum. Based on our results, we conjecture that transitional
precession, which would lead to large variations in the direction of $\vec J$,
is not possible for similar-mass binaries and would require a mass ratio
$m_1/m_2\lesssim1/4$.

categories: gr-qc astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE


title: On the many saddle points description of quantum black holes

abstract:
  Considering two dimensional gravity coupled to a CFT, we show that a
semiclassical black hole can be described in terms of two Liouville theories
matched at the horizon. The black hole exterior corresponds to a space-like
while the interior to a time-like Liouville theory. This matching automatically
implies that a semiclassical black hole has an infinite entropy. The path
integral description of the time-like Liouville theory (the Black Hole
interior) is studied and it is found that the correlation functions of the
coupled CFT-gravity system are dominated by two (complex) saddle points, even
in the semiclassical limit. We argue that this system can be interpreted as two
interacting Bose-Einstein condensates constructed out of two degenerate quantum
states. In AdS/CFT context, the same system is mapped into two interacting
strings intersecting inside a three-dimensional BTZ black hole. Finally, we
discuss why, beyond the semiclassical approximation, we expect no firewalls
appearing in our system.


title: Soft Contract Verification

abstract:
  Behavioral software contracts are a widely used mechanism for governing the
flow of values between components. However, run-time monitoring and enforcement
of contracts imposes significant overhead and delays discovery of faulty
components to run-time.
  To overcome these issues, we present soft contract verification, which aims
to statically prove either complete or partial contract correctness of
components, written in an untyped, higher-order language with first-class
contracts. Our approach uses higher-order symbolic execution, leveraging
contracts as a source of symbolic values including unknown behavioral values,
and employs an updatable heap of contract invariants to reason about
flow-sensitive facts. We prove the symbolic execution soundly approximates the
dynamic semantics and that verified programs can't be blamed.
  The approach is able to analyze first-class contracts, recursive data
structures, unknown functions, and control-flow-sensitive refinements of
values, which are all idiomatic in dynamic languages. It makes effective use of
an off-the-shelf solver to decide problems without heavy encodings. The
approach is competitive with a wide range of existing tools---including type
systems, flow analyzers, and model checkers---on their own benchmarks.


title:
Measurements of branching fractions of leptonic and hadronic Ds+ meson
  decays and extraction of the Ds+ meson decay constant

abstract:
  We present measurements of absolute branching fractions of hadronic and
leptonic Ds+ decays to K- K+ pi+, anti-K0 K+, eta pi+, mu+ nu_mu and tau+
nu_tau and report a search for the leptonic Ds+ to e+ nu_e decays. The results
are obtained from a data sample of 913 fb^-1 collected at or near the Y(4S) and
Y(5S) resonances with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e-
collider. The branching fractions of hadronic decays are measured to be Br(Ds+
-> K- K+ pi+) = (5.06 +- 0.15 +- 0.21)%, Br(Ds+ -> anti-K0 K+) = (2.95 +- 0.11
+- 0.09)%, and Br(Ds+ -> eta pi+) = (1.82 +- 0.14 +- 0.07)%, where the first
and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The
branching fractions of leptonic decays are measured to be Br(Ds+ -> mu+ nu_mu)
= (0.531 +- 0.028 +- 0.020)%, and Br(Ds+ -> tau+ nu_tau) = (5.70 +- 0.21
+0.31-0.30)%, which are combined to determine the Ds+ meson decay constant f_Ds
= (255.5 +- 4.2 +- 5.1) MeV. We find no significant signal for Ds+ -> e+ nu_e
decays and set an upper limit of Br(Ds+ -> e+ nu_e) < 1.0 (0.83) x 10^-4 at 95%
(90%) confidence level.


title: AdS solitons with conformal scalar hair

abstract:
  We study spherically symmetric soliton solutions in a model with a
conformally coupled scalar field as well as in full conformal gravity. We
observe that a new type of limiting behaviour appears for particular choices of
the self-coupling of the scalar field, i.e. the solitons interpolate smoothly
between the Anti-de Sitter vacuum and an uncharged configuration. Furthermore,
within conformal gravity the qualitative approach of a limiting solution does
not change when varying the charge of the scalar field - contrary to the
Einstein-Hilbert case. However, it changes with the scalar self-coupling.


title:
Ergodic Theorem involving additive and multiplicative groups of a field
  and $\{x+y,xy\}$ patterns

abstract:
  We establish a "diagonal" ergodic theorem involving the additive and
multiplicative groups of a countable field $K$ and, with the help of a new
variant of Furstenberg's correspondence principle, prove that any "large" set
in $K$ contains many configurations of the form $\{x+y,xy\}$. We also show that
for any finite coloring of $K$ there are many $x,y\in K$ such that $x,x+y$ and
$xy$ have the same color. Finally, by utilizing a finitistic version of our
main ergodic theorem, we obtain combinatorial results pertaining to finite
fields. In particular we obtain an alternative proof for a result obtained by
Cilleruelo [11], showing that for any finite field $F$ and any subsets
$E_1,E_2\subset F$ with $|E_1||E_2|>6|F|$, there exist $u,v\in F$ such that
$u+v\in E_1$ and $uv\in E_2$.


title: AdS Dyonic Black Hole and its Thermodynamics

abstract:
  We obtain spherically-symmetric and $\R^2$-symmetric dyonic black holes that
are asymptotic to anti-de Sitter space-time (AdS), which are solutions in
maximal gauged four-dimensional supergravity, with just one of the U(1) fields
carrying both the electric and magnetic charges $(Q,P)$. We study the
thermodynamics, and find that the usually-expected first law does not hold
unless P=0, Q=0 or P=Q. For general values of the charges, we find that the
first law requires a modification with a new pair of thermodynamic conjugate
variables. We show that they describe the scalar hair that breaks some of the
asymptotic AdS symmetries.


title: ALMA observations of the massive molecular outflow G331.512-0.103

abstract:
  The object of this study is one of the most energetic and luminous molecular
outflows known in the Galaxy, G331.512-0.103. Observations with ALMA Band 7
(350 GHz; 0.86 mm) reveal a very compact, extremely young bipolar outflow and a
more symmetric outflowing shocked shell surrounding a very small region of
ionized gas. The velocities of the bipolar outflow are about 70 km s^{-1} on
either side of the systemic velocity. The expansion velocity of the shocked
shell is ~24 km s^{-1}, implying a crossing time of about 2000 yrs. Along the
symmetry axis of the outflow, there is a velocity feature, which could be a
molecular "bullet" of high-velocity dense material. The source is one of the
youngest examples of massive molecular outflow found associated with a
high-mass star.


title:
Root system of singular perturbations of the harmonic oscillator type
  operators

abstract:
  We analyze perturbations of the harmonic oscillator type operators in a
Hilbert space H, i.e. of the self-adjoint operator with simple positive
eigenvalues $\mu_k$ satisfying $\mu_{k+1}-\mu_k \geq \Delta >0$. Perturbations
are considered in the sense of quadratic forms. Under a local subordination
assumption, the eigenvalues of the perturbed operator become eventually simple
and the root system forms a Riesz basis.


title:
Finding Optimal Strategies in a Multi-Period Multi-Leader-Follower
  Stackelberg Game Using an Evolutionary Algorithm

abstract:
  Stackelberg games are a classic example of bilevel optimization problems,
which are often encountered in game theory and economics. These are complex
problems with a hierarchical structure, where one optimization task is nested
within the other. Despite a number of studies on handling bilevel optimization
problems, these problems still remain a challenging territory, and existing
methodologies are able to handle only simple problems with few variables under
assumptions of continuity and differentiability. In this paper, we consider a
special case of a multi-period multi-leader-follower Stackelberg competition
model with non-linear cost and demand functions and discrete production
variables. The model has potential applications, for instance in aircraft
manufacturing industry, which is an oligopoly where a few giant firms enjoy a
tremendous commitment power over the other smaller players. We solve cases with
different number of leaders and followers, and show how the entrance or exit of
a player affects the profits of the other players. In the presence of various
model complexities, we use a computationally intensive nested evolutionary
strategy to find an optimal solution for the model. The strategy is evaluated
on a test-suite of bilevel problems, and it has been shown that the method is
successful in handling difficult bilevel problems.


title: Velocity Profile in a Two-Layer Kolmogorov-Like Flow

abstract:
  In this article we discuss flows in shallow, stratified horizontal layers of
two immiscible fluids. The top layer is an electrolyte which is
electromagnetically driven and the bottom layer is a dielectric fluid. Using a
quasi-two-dimensional approximation, we derive the depth-averaged
two-dimensional (2D) vorticity equation which includes a prefactor to the
advection term, previously unaccounted for. In addition, we study how the
horizontal components of velocity vary in the vertical direction. For a
Kolmogorov-like flow, we evaluate analytical expressions for the coefficients
in the generalized 2D vorticity equation, uncovering their dependence on
experimental parameters. To test the accuracy of these estimates, we
experimentally measure the horizontal velocity fields at the free-surface and
at the electrolyte-dielectric interface using particle image velocimetry (PIV).
We show that there is excellent agreement between the analytical predictions
and the experimental measurements. Our analysis shows that by increasing the
viscosity of the electrolyte relative to that of the dielectric, one may
significantly improve the uniformity of the flow along the vertical direction.

categories: physics.flu-dyn math-ph math.MP nlin.CD physics.geo-ph


title: The univalence axiom for elegant Reedy presheaves

abstract:
  We show that Voevodsky's univalence axiom for intensional type theory is
valid in categories of simplicial presheaves on elegant Reedy categories. In
addition to diagrams on inverse categories, as considered in previous work of
the author, this includes bisimplicial sets and $\Theta_n$-spaces. This has
potential applications to the study of homotopical models for higher
categories.


title:
Calculus, continuity and global wave-front properties for Fourier
  integral operators on $\mathbf{R}^d$

abstract:
  We illustrate the composition properties for an extended family of SG Fourier
integral operators. We prove continuity results for operators in this class
with respect to $L^2$ and weighted modulation spaces, and discuss continuity on
$\mathscr{S}$, $\mathscr{S}^\prime$ and on weighted Sobolev spaces. We study
mapping properties of global wave-front sets under the action of these Fourier
integral operators. We extend classical results to more general situations. For
example, there are no requirements of homogeneity for the phase functions.
Finally, we apply our results to the study of of the propagation of
singularities, in the context of modulation spaces, for the solutions to the
Cauchy problems for the corresponding linear hyperbolic operators.


title:
Multi-objective Stackelberg Game Between a Regulating Authority and a
  Mining Company: A Case Study in Environmental Economics

abstract:
  Bilevel programming problems are often found in practice. In this paper, we
handle one such bilevel application problem from the domain of environmental
economics. The problem is a Stakelberg game with multiple objectives at the
upper level, and a single objective at the lower level. The leader in this case
is the regulating authority, and it tries to maximize its total tax revenue
over multiple periods while trying to minimize the environmental damages caused
by a mining company. The follower is the mining company whose sole objective is
to maximize its total profit over multiple periods under the limitations set by
the leader. The solution to the model contains the optimal taxation and
extraction decisions to be made by the players in each of the time periods. We
construct a simplistic model for the Stackelberg game and provide an analytical
solution to the problem. Thereafter, the model is extended to incorporate
realism and is solved using a bilevel evolutionary algorithm capable of
handling multiple objectives.


title:
From inflation to dark energy through a dynamical Lambda: an attempt at
  alleviating fundamental cosmic puzzles

abstract:
  After decades of successful hot big-bang paradigm, Cosmology still lacks a
framework in which the early inflationary phase of the universe smoothly
matches the radiation epoch and evolves to the present `quasi' de Sitter
spacetime. No less intriguing is that the current value of the effective vacuum
energy density is vastly smaller than the value that triggered inflation. In
this Essay we propose a new class of cosmologies capable of overcoming, or
highly alleviating, some of these acute cosmic puzzles. Powered by a decaying
vacuum energy density, the spacetime emerges from a pure nonsingular de Sitter
vacuum stage, "gracefully" exits from inflation to a radiation phase followed
by dark matter and vacuum regimes, and, finally, evolves to a late time de
Sitter phase.


title: Energy spectra in turbulent bubbly flows

abstract:
  We conduct experiments in a turbulent bubbly flow to study the nature of the
transition between the classical $-$5/3 energy spectrum scaling for a
single-phase turbulent flow and the $-$3 scaling for a swarm of bubbles rising
in a quiescent liquid and of bubble-dominated turbulence. The bubblance
parameter, which measures the ratio of the bubble-induced kinetic energy to the
kinetic energy induced by the turbulent liquid fluctuations before bubble
injection, is often used to characterise the bubbly flow. We vary the bubblance
parameter from $b = \infty$ (pseudo-turbulence) to $b = 0$ (single-phase flow)
over 2-3 orders of magnitude ($0.01 - 5$) to study its effect on the turbulent
energy spectrum and liquid velocity fluctuations. The probability density
functions (PDFs) of the liquid velocity fluctuations show deviations from the
Gaussian profile for $b > 0$, i.e. when bubbles are present in the system. The
PDFs are asymmetric with higher probability in the positive tails. The energy
spectra are found to follow the $-$3 scaling at length scales smaller than the
size of the bubbles for bubbly flows. This $-$3 spectrum scaling holds not only
in the well-established case of pseudo-turbulence, but surprisingly in all
cases where bubbles are present in the system ($b > 0$). Therefore, it is a
generic feature of turbulent bubbly flows, and the bubblance parameter is
probably not a suitable parameter to characterise the energy spectrum in bubbly
turbulent flows. The physical reason is that the energy input by the bubbles
passes over only to higher wave numbers, and the energy production due to the
bubbles can be directly balanced by the viscous dissipation in the bubble wakes
as suggested by Lance $\&$ Bataille (1991). In addition, we provide an
alternative explanation by balancing the energy production of the bubbles with
viscous dissipation in the Fourier space.


title:
Multi-scale Radio-IR Correlations in M31 and M33: The Role of Magnetic
  Fields and Star Formation

abstract:
  Interstellar magnetic fields and the propagation of cosmic ray electrons have
an important impact on the radio-infrared (IR) correlation in galaxies. This
becomes evident when studying different spatial scales within galaxies. We
investigate the correlation between the infrared (IR) and free-free/synchrotron
radio continuum emission at 20 cm from the two local group galaxies M31 and M33
on spatial scales between 0.4 and 10 kpc. The multi-scale radio-IR correlations
have been carried out using a wavelet analysis. The free-free and IR emission
are correlated on all scales, but on some scales the synchrotron emission is
only marginally correlated with the IR emission. The synchrotron-IR correlation
is stronger in M33 than in M31 on small scales (<1 kpc), but it is weaker than
in M31 on larger scales. Taking the smallest scale on which the synchrotron-IR
correlation exists as the propagation length of cosmic ray electrons, we show
that the difference on small scales can be explained by the smaller propagation
length in M33 than in M31. On large scales, the difference is due to the thick
disk/halo in M33, which is absent in M31. A comparison of our data with data on
NGC6946, the LMC and M51 suggests that the propagation length is determined by
the ratio of ordered-to-turbulent magnetic field strength, which is consistent
with diffusion of CR electrons in the ISM. As the diffusion length of CR
electrons influences the radio-IR correlation, this dependence is a direct
observational evidence of the importance of magnetic fields for the radio-IR
correlation within galaxies. The star formation rate per surface area only
indirectly influences the diffusion length as it increases the strength of the
turbulent magnetic field.


title:
Error analysis in Bayesian identification of non-linear state-space
  models

abstract:
  In the last two decades, several methods based on sequential Monte Carlo
(SMC) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) have been proposed for Bayesian
identification of stochastic non-linear state-space models (SSMs). It is well
known that the performance of these simulation based identification methods
depends on the numerical approximations used in their design. We propose the
use of posterior Cram\'er-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) as a mean square error (MSE)
bound. Using PCRLB, a systematic procedure is developed to analyse the
estimates delivered by Bayesian identification methods in terms of bias, MSE,
and efficiency. The efficacy and utility of the proposed approach is
illustrated through a numerical example.


title: Deconfinement of strangeness and freeze-out from charge fluctuations

abstract:
  We use Lattice QCD calculations of fluctuations and correlations of various
conserved charges to show that the deconfinement of strangeness takes place in
the chiral crossover region of QCD; however, inside the quark-gluon plasma
strange quarks remain strongly interacting at least up to temperatures twice
the QCD crossover temperature. Further, we discuss how the freeze-out
parameters of heavy-ion collisions can be determined in a model-independent way
through direct comparisons between experimentally measured higher order
cumulants of conserved charges and corresponding Lattice QCD calculations.
Utilizing the preliminary data from the STAR and PHENIX experiments we
illustrate this method. Although, the Lattice QCD based determinations of the
freeze-out parameters utilizing data sets of different experiments and
different observables are currently not consistent with each other, it is
tantalizing to see that all the observed freeze-out parameters lie very close
to the chiral/deconfinement crossover region of QCD.


title: Goos-H\"{a}nchen Shifts of Partially Coherent Light Fields

abstract:
  We investigate the Goos-H\"{a}nchen (GH) shifts of partially coherent fields
(PCFs) by using the theory of coherence. We derive a formal expression for the
GH shifts of PCFs in terms of Mercer's expansion, and then clearly demonstrate
the dependence of the GH shift of each mode of PCFs on spatial coherence and
beam width. We discuss the effect of spatial coherence on the resultant GH
shifts, especially for the cases near the critical angles, such as totally
reflection angle.


title:
The total solar irradiance, UV emission and magnetic flux during the
  last solar cycle minimum

abstract:
  We have analyzed the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar
irradiance as ultraviolet emission (UV) in the wavelength range 115-180 nm,
observed with the instruments TIM and SOLSTICE within the framework of SORCE
(The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment) during the long solar minimum
between the 23rd and 24th cycles. The wavelet analysis reveals an increase in
the magnetic flux in the latitudinal zone of the sunspot activity, accompanied
with an increase in the TSI and UV on the surface rotation timescales of solar
activity complexes. In-phase coherent structures between the mid-latitude
magnetic flux and TSI/UV appear when the long-lived complexes of the solar
activity are present. These complexes, which are related to long- lived sources
of magnetic fields under the photosphere, are maintained by magnetic fluxes
reappearing in the same longitudinal regions. During the deep solar minimum
(the period of the absence of sunspots) a coherent structure has been found, in
which the phase between the integrated mid-latitude magnetic flux is ahead of
the total solar irradiance on the timescales of the surface rotation.


title:
Input design for Bayesian identification of non-linear state-space
  models

abstract:
  We propose an algorithm for designing optimal inputs for on-line Bayesian
identification of stochastic non-linear state-space models. The proposed method
relies on minimization of the posterior Cram\'er Rao lower bound derived for
the model parameters, with respect to the input sequence. To render the
optimization problem computationally tractable, the inputs are parametrized as
a multi-dimensional Markov chain in the input space. The proposed approach is
illustrated through a simulation example.


title:
The Starburst-Driven Molecular Wind in NGC 253 and the Suppression of
  Star Formation

abstract:
  The under-abundance of very massive galaxies in the universe is frequently
attributed to the effect of galactic winds. Although ionized galactic winds are
readily observable most of the expelled mass is likely in cooler atomic and
molecular phases. Expanding molecular shells observed in starburst systems such
as NGC 253 and M 82 may facilitate the entrainment of molecular gas in the
wind. While shell properties are well constrained, determining the amount of
outflowing gas emerging from such shells and the connection between this gas
and the ionized wind requires spatial resolution <100 pc coupled with
sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales, hitherto not available. Here we
report observations of NGC 253, a nearby starburst galaxy (D~3.4 Mpc) known to
possess a wind, which trace the cool molecular wind at 50 pc resolution. At
this resolution the extraplanar molecular gas closely tracks the H{\alpha}
filaments, and it appears connected to molecular expanding shells located in
the starburst region. These observations allow us to directly measure the
molecular outflow rate to be > 3 Msun/yr and likely ~9 Msun/yr. This implies a
ratio of mass-outflow rate to star formation rate of at least {\eta}~1-3,
establishing the importance of the starburst-driven wind in limiting the star
formation activity and the final stellar content.


title:
Resistance asymmetry of a two-dimensional electron gas caused by an
  effective spin injection

abstract:
  We have performed conductivity measurements on a Si-MOSFET sample with a slot
in the upper gate, allowing for different electron densities n_1 and n_2 across
the slot. Dynamic longitudinal resistance was measured by a standard lock-in
technique, while maintaining a large DC current through the source-drain
channel. We find that in a parallel magnetic field, the resistance of the
sample, R(I_DC), is asymmetric with respect to the direction of the DC current.
The asymmetry becomes stronger with an increase of either the magnetic field or
the difference between n_1 and n_2. These observations are interpreted in terms
of the effective spin injection: the degree of spin polarisation is different
in the two parts of the sample, implying different magnitudes of spin current
away from the slot. The carriers thus leave the excess spin (of the appropriate
sign) in the region around the slot, leading to spin accumulation (or
depletion) and to the spin drift-diffusion phenomena. Due to the positive
magnetoresistance of the two-dimensional electron gas, this change in a local
magnetisation affects the resistivity near the slot and the measured net
resistance, giving rise to an asymmetric contribution. We further observe that
the value of R(I_DC) saturates at large I_DC; we suggest that this is due to
electron tunnelling from the two-dimensional n-type layer into the p-type
silicon (or into another "spin reservoir") at the slot.


title: Type A quiver loci and Schubert varieties

abstract:
  We describe a closed immersion from each representation space of a type A
quiver with bipartite (i.e., alternating) orientation to a certain opposite
Schubert cell of a partial flag variety. This "bipartite Zelevinsky map"
restricts to an isomorphism from each orbit closure to a Schubert variety
intersected with the above-mentioned opposite Schubert cell. For type A quivers
of arbitrary orientation, we give the same result up to some factors of general
linear groups.
  These identifications allow us to recover results of Bobinski and Zwara;
namely we see that orbit closures of type A quivers are normal, Cohen-Macaulay,
and have rational singularities. We also see that each representation space of
a type A quiver admits a Frobenius splitting for which all of its orbit
closures are compatibly Frobenius split.


title: Observations of TeV binary systems with the H.E.S.S. telescope

abstract:
  Recent observations of binary systems obtained with the H.E.S.S. telescopes
are providing crucial information on the physics of relativistic outflows and
the engines powering them. We report here on new H.E.S.S. results on HESS
J0632+057, PSR B1259-63/LS 2883, Eta Carinae and the recently discovered source
HESS J1018-589. Despite the high-quality data obtained in the last years
through both ground and space-based gamma-ray detectors, many questions on the
mechanisms that permit binary systems to emit at gamma-rays remain open. In
particular, it is becoming apparent that emission at high and very-high
energies is uncorrelated in some gamma-ray binary systems, with bright GeV
flares not observed at TeV energies (e.g. PSR B1259-63), and sources
periodically detected at VHEs which are lacking its HE counterpart (e.g. HESS
J0632+057). Our results mainly confirm the predictions derived previously for
the studied sources, but unexpected results are also found in a few cases,
which are discussed in the context of contemporaneous observations at lower
energies.


title: Embedding nonrelativistic physics inside a gravitational wave

abstract:
  Gravitational waves with parallel rays are known to have remarkable
properties: Their orbit space of null rays possesses the structure of a
non-relativistic spacetime of codimension-one. Their geodesics are in
one-to-one correspondence with dynamical trajectories of a non-relativistic
system. Similarly, the null dimensional reduction of Klein-Gordon's equation on
this class of gravitational waves leads to a Schroedinger equation on curved
space. These properties are generalized to the class of gravitational waves
with a null Killing vector field, of which we propose a new geometric
definition, as conformally equivalent to the previous class and such that the
Killing vector field is preserved. This definition is instrumental for
performing this generalization, as well as various applications. In particular,
results on geodesic completeness are extended in a similar way. Moreover, the
classification of the subclass with constant scalar invariants is investigated.


title: Nonclassical Structures within the N-qubit Pauli Group

abstract:
  Structures that demonstrate nonclassicality are of foundational interest in
quantum mechanics, and can also be seen as resources for numerous applications
in quantum information processing - particularly in the Hilbert space of $N$
qubits. The theory of entanglement, quantum contextuality, and quantum
nonlocality within the $N$-qubit Pauli group is further developed in this
thesis. The Strong Kochen-Specker theorem and the structures that prove it are
introduced and explored in detail. The pattern of connections between
structures that show entanglement, contextuality, and nonlocality is explained.
Computational search algorithms and related tools were developed and used to
perform complete searches for minimal nonclassical structures within the
$N$-qubit Pauli group up to values of $N$ limited by our computational
resources. Our results are surveyed and prescriptions are given for using the
elementary nonclassical structures we have found to construct more complex
types of such structures. Families of nonclassical structures are presented for
all values of $N$, including the most compact family of projector-based parity
proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem yet discovered in all dimensions of the
form $2^N$, where $N\geq2$. The applications of our results and their
connection with other work is also discussed.


title: Comment on Ricci dark energy in Chern-Simons modified gravity

abstract:
  We revisit Ricci dark energy in Chern-Simons modified gravity. As far as the
cosmological evolution, this is nothing but the Ricci dark energy with a
minimally coupled scalar without potential which means that the role of
Chern-Simons term is suppressed. Using the equation of state parameter, this
model is similar to the modified Chaplygin gas model only when two are around
the de Sitter universe deriving by the cosmological constant in the future.
However, two past evolutions are different.


title:
Discovery of the Transition of a Mini-Broad Absorption Line into Broad
  Absorption in the SDSS Quasar J115122.14+020426.3

abstract:
  We present the detection of a rare case of dramatic strengthening in the UV
absorption profiles in the spectrum of the quasar J115122.14+020426.3 between
observations ~2.86 years apart in the quasar rest-frame. A 2001 spectrum from
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) shows a CIV "mini-broad" absorption line
(FWHM=1,220 km/s) with a maximum blueshift velocity ~9,520 km/s, while a later
spectrum from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) shows significantly broader and
stronger absorption line, with a maximum blueshift velocity of ~12,240 km/s,
that qualifies as a broad absorption line. A similar variability pattern is
observed in two additional systems at lower blueshifted velocities and in the
Lya and NV transitions as well. One of the absorption systems appears to be
resolved and shows evidence for partial covering of the quasar continuum source
(Cf~0.65), indicating a transverse absorber size of, at least, ~6 x 10^(16) cm.
In contrast, a cluster of narrower CIV lines appears to originate in gas that
fully covers the continuum and broad emission line sources. There is no
evidence for changes in the centroid velocity of the absorption troughs. This
case suggests that, at least some of the absorbers that produce "mini-broad"
and broad absorption lines in quasar spectra do not belong to intrinsically
separate classes. Here, the "mini-broad" absorption line is most likely
interpreted as an intermediate phase before the appearance of a broad
absorption line due to their similar velocity. While the current observations
do not provide enough constraints to discern among the possible causes for this
variability, future monitoring of multiple transitions at high resolution will
help achieve this goal.


title:
Exact Real Time Dynamics of Quantum Spin Systems Using the Positive-P
  Representation

abstract:
  We discuss a scheme for simulating the real time quantum quench dynamics of
interacting quantum spin systems within the positive-P formalism. As model
systems we study the transverse field Ising model as well as the Heisenberg
model undergoing a quench away from the classical ferromagnetic ordered state
and antiferromagnetic Neel state, depending on the sign of the Heisenberg
exchange interaction. The connection to the positive-P formalism as it is used
in quantum optics is established by mapping the spin operators on to Schwinger
bosons. In doing so, the dynamics of the interacting quantum spin system is
mapped onto a set of Ito stochastic differential equations (SDEs) the number of
which scales linearly with the number of spins, N, compared to an exact
solution through diagonalization that in the case of the Heisenberg model would
require matrices exponentially large in N . This mapping is exact and can be
extended to higher dimensional interacting systems as well as to systems with
an explicit coupling to the environment.


title:
Dynamical evolution of stellar-mass black holes in dense stellar
  clusters: estimate for merger rate of binary black holes originating from
  globular clusters

abstract:
  We have performed N-body simulations of globular clusters (GCs) in order to
estimate a detection rate of mergers of Binary stellar-mass Black Holes (BBHs)
by means of gravitational wave (GW) observatories. For our estimate, we have
only considered mergers of BBHs which escape from GCs (BBH escapers). BBH
escapers merge more quickly than BBHs inside GCs because of their small
semi-major axes. N-body simulation can not deal with a GC with the number of
stars N ~ 10^6 due to its high calculation cost. We have simulated dynamical
evolution of small-N clusters (10^4 <~ N <~ 10^5), and have extrapolated our
simulation results to large-N clusters. From our simulation results, we have
found the following dependence of BBH properties on N. BBHs escape from a
cluster at each two-body relaxation time at a rate proportional to N.
Semi-major axes of BBH escapers are inversely proportional to N, if initial
mass densities of clusters are fixed. Eccentricities, primary masses, and mass
ratios of BBH escapers are independent of N. Using this dependence of BBH
properties, we have artificially generated a population of BBH escapers from a
GC with N ~ 10^6, and have estimated a detection rate of mergers of BBH
escapers by next-generation GW observatories. We have assumed that all the GCs
are formed 10 or 12Gyrs ago with their initial numbers of stars N_i=5 x 10^5 --
2 x 10^6 and their initial stellar mass densities inside their half-mass radii
\rho_h,i=6 x 10^3 -- 10^6M_sun pc^-3. Then, the detection rate of BBH escapers
is 0.5 -- 20 yr^-1 for a BH retention fraction R_BH=0.5. A few BBH escapers are
components of hierarchical triple systems, although we do not consider secular
perturbation on such BBH escapers for our estimate. Our simulations have shown
that BHs are still inside some of GCs at the present day. These BHs may
marginally contribute to BBH detection.


title: High Temperature Superconductivity: Ineluctable Complexity

abstract:
  The discovery of charge-density-wave order in the high-temperature
superconductor YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+y}$ places charge order centre stage with
superconductivity, suggesting they they are intertwined rather than competing.


title: Cosmological post-Newtonian equations from nonlinear perturbation theory

abstract:
  We derive the basic equations of the cosmological first-order post-Newtonian
approximation from the recently formulated fully nonlinear and exact
cosmological perturbation theory in Einstein's gravity. Apparently the latter,
being exact, should include the former, and here we use this fact as a new
derivation of the former. The complete sets of equations in both approaches are
presented without fixing the temporal gauge conditions so that we can use the
gauge choice as an advantage. Comparisons between the two approaches are made.
Both are potentially important in handling relativistic aspects of nonlinear
processes occurring in cosmological structure formation. We consider an ideal
fluid and include the cosmological constant.


title:
Quantum mechanical perspectives and generalization of the fractional
  Fourier Transformation

abstract:
  Fourier and fractional-Fourier transformations are widely used in theoretical
physics. In this paper we make quantum perspectives and generalization for the
fractional Fourier transformation (FrFT). By virtue of quantum mechanical
representation transformation and the method of integration within normal
ordered product (IWOP) of operators, we find the key point for composing FrFT,
and reveal the structure of FrFT. Following this procedure, a full family of
generalized fractional transformations are discovered with the usual FrFT as
one special case. The eigen-functions of arbitrary GFrT are derived explicitly.


title: On Axiomatization of Inconsistency Indicators for Pairwise Comparisons

abstract:
  We examine the notion of inconsistency in pairwise comparisons and propose an
axiomatization which is independent of any method of approximation or the
inconsistency indicator definition (e.g., Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP). It
has been proven that the eigenvalue-based inconsistency (proposed as a part of
AHP) is incorrect.


title: Certain CM class fields with smaller generators

abstract:
  We introduce an algorithm that computes explicit class fields of an imaginary
quadratic field $K$ for a given modulus $\mathfrak{f}\subset\mathcal{O}_K$ more
efficiently than the use of their classical counterparts. Therein, we prove the
fact that certain values of a simple quotient of Siegel $\phi$-function are
elements in the ray class field $K_{\mathfrak{f}}$ of $K$.


title: Three-nucleon forces in the 1/Nc expansion

abstract:
  The operator structures that can contribute to three-nucleon forces are
classified in the 1/Nc expansion. At leading order in 1/Nc a spin-flavor
independent term is present, as are the spin-flavor structures associated with
the Fujita-Miyazawa three-nucleon force. Modern phenomenological three-nucleon
forces are thus consistent with this O(Nc) leading force, corrections to which
are suppressed by a power series in 1/Nc^2. A complete basis of operators for
the three-nucleon force, including all independent momentum structures, is
given explicitly up to next-to-leading order in the 1/Nc expansion.


title:
A Two-Stage, Phase II Clinical Trial Design with Nested Criteria for
  Early Stopping and Efficacy

abstract:
  We propose a two-stage design for a clinical trial with an early stopping
rule for safety. We use different criteria to assess early stopping and
efficacy. The early stopping rule is based on a criteria that can be determined
more quickly than that of efficacy. These separate criteria are also nested in
the sense that efficacy is a special case of, but not identical to, the early
stopping criteria. The design readily allows for planning in terms of
statistical significance, power, and expected sample size necessary to assess
an early stopping rule. This method is illustrated with a Phase II design
comparing patients treated for lung cancer with a novel drug combination to
those treated using historical control. In this example, the early stopping
rule is based on the numbers of patients who exhibit progression-free survival
(PFS) at 2 months post treatment follow-up and efficacy is judged by the number
of patients who have PFS at 6 months.


title:
Kinematics of Shocked Molecular Gas Adjacent to the Supernova Remnant
  W44

abstract:
  We mapped molecular gas toward the supernova remnant W44 in the HCO+ J=1-0
line with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope and in the CO J=3-2
line with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10 m telescope.
High-velocity emission wings were detected in both lines over the area where
the radio shell of W44 overlaps the molecular cloud in the plane of the sky. We
found that the average velocity distributions of the wing emission can be
fitted by a uniform expansion model. The best-fit expansion velocities are
12.2+-0.3 km/s and 13.2+-0.2 km/s in HCO+ and CO, respectively. The non-wing CO
J=3-2 component is also fitted by the same model with an expansion velocity of
4.7+-0.1 km/s . This component might be dominated by a post shock
higher-density region where the shock velocity had slowed down. The kinetic
energy of shocked molecular gas is estimated to be (3.5+-1.3)x10^{49} erg.
Adding this and the energy of the previously identified HI shell, we concluded
that (1.2+-0.2)x10^{50} erg has been converted into gas kinetic energy from the
initial baryonic energy of the W44 supernova. We also found ultra-high-velocity
CO J=3-2 wing emission with a velocity width of ~100 km/s at (l, b)=(+34.73d,
-0.47d). The origin of this extremely high-velocity wing is a mystery.


title: The Pitfalls of Dark Crossings

abstract:
  We explore the connection between pair production of dark matter particles at
collider experiments and annihilation of dark matter in the early and late
universe, with a focus on the correlation between the two time-reversed
processes. We consider both a model-independent effective theory framework,
where the initial and final states are assumed to not change under
time-reversal, and concrete UV-complete models within the framework of
supersymmetric extensions to the Standard Model. Even within the effective
theory framework (where crossing symmetry is in some sense assumed), we find
that the predictions of that symmetry can vary by orders of magnitude depending
on the details of the selected effective interaction. Within the supersymmetric
models we consider, we find that there is an even wilder variation in the
expectations one can derive for collider observables based on cross-symmetric
processes such as having a thermal relic or given indirect dark matter
detection rates. We also explore additional "pitfalls" where na\"ive crossing
symmetry badly fails, including models with very light mediators leading to
Sommerfeld enhancements and/or dark matter bound states.


title: Lagrange coordinates for the Einstein-Euler equations

abstract:
  We derive a new symmetric hyperbolic formulation of the Einstein-Euler
equations in Lagrange coordinates that are adapted to the Frauendiener-Walton
formulation of the Euler equations. As an application, we use this system to
show that the densitized lapse and zero shift coordinate systems for the vacuum
Einstein equations are equivalent to Lagrange coordinates for a fictitious
fluid with a specific equation of state.


title: Likelihood Robust Optimization for Data-driven Problems

abstract:
  We consider optimal decision-making problems in an uncertain environment. In
particular, we consider the case in which the distribution of the input is
unknown, yet there is abundant historical data drawn from the distribution. In
this paper, we propose a new type of distributionally robust optimization model
called the likelihood robust optimization (LRO) model for this class of
problems. In contrast to previous work on distributionally robust optimization
that focuses on certain parameters (e.g., mean, variance, etc.) of the input
distribution, we exploit the historical data and define the accessible
distribution set to contain only those distributions that make the observed
data achieve a certain level of likelihood. Then we formulate the targeting
problem as one of optimizing the expected value of the objective function under
the worst-case distribution in that set. Our model avoids the
over-conservativeness of some prior robust approaches by ruling out unrealistic
distributions while maintaining robustness of the solution for any
statistically likely outcomes. We present statistical analyses of our model
using Bayesian statistics and empirical likelihood theory. Specifically, we
prove the asymptotic behavior of our distribution set and establish the
relationship between our model and other distributionally robust models. To
test the performance of our model, we apply it to the newsvendor problem and
the portfolio selection problem. The test results show that the solutions of
our model indeed have desirable performance.


title:
Complex Network Approach to the Statistical Features of the Sunspot
  Series

abstract:
  Complex network approaches have been recently developed as an alternative
framework to study the statistical features of time-series data. We perform a
visibility-graph analysis on both the daily and monthly sunspot series. Based
on the data, we propose two ways to construct the network: one is from the
original observable measurements and the other is from a
negative-inverse-transformed series. The degree distribution of the derived
networks for the strong maxima has clear non-Gaussian properties, while the
degree distribution for minima is bimodal. The long-term variation of the
cycles is reflected by hubs in the network which span relatively large time
intervals. Based on standard network structural measures, we propose to
characterize the long-term correlations by waiting times between two subsequent
events. The persistence range of the solar cycles has been identified over
15\,--\,1000 days by a power-law regime with scaling exponent $\gamma = 2.04$
of the occurrence time of the two subsequent and successive strong minima. In
contrast, a persistent trend is not present in the maximal numbers, although
maxima do have significant deviations from an exponential form. Our results
suggest some new insights for evaluating existing models. The power-law regime
suggested by the waiting times does indicate that there are some level of
predictable patterns in the minima.

categories: physics.data-an astro-ph.IM astro-ph.SR nlin.CD


title: Cosmological Newtonian limit

abstract:
  We describe a wide class of inhomogeneous relativistic solutions that are
well approximated on cosmological scales by solutions of Newtonian gravity.
Error estimates measuring the difference between the Newtonian and relativistic
solutions are given. The solutions presented here unambiguously demonstrate
that it is possible for Newtonian gravity to provide a good approximation to
General Relativity on cosmological scales.


title:
UV-bright nearby early type galaxies observed in the mid-infrared:
  evidence for a multi-stage formation history by way of WISE and GALEX imaging

abstract:
  In the local Universe, 10% of massive elliptical galaxies are observed to
exhibit a peculiar property: a substantial excess of ultraviolet emission (UVX)
over what is expected from their old, red stellar populations. Several origins
for the UVX have been proposed, including a population of hot young stars, or a
population of old, blue horizontal branch or extended horizontal branch (BHB or
EHB) stars that have undergone substantial mass loss from their outer
atmospheres. We explore the radial distribution of ultraviolet excess (UVX) in
a selection of 49 nearby E/S0-type galaxies by measuring the extended
photometry in the UV-midIR with GALEX, SDSS and WISE. We compare UV/optical and
UV/mid-IR colors with the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis with EHB models
(Conroy & Gunn 2010). We find that combined WISE mid-IR and GALEX UV colors are
more effective in distinguishing models than optical colors, and that the
UV/mid-IR combination is sensitive to EHB fraction. There are strong color
gradients with the outer radii bluer than the inner half-light radii by ~1
magnitude. This color difference is easily accounted for with a BHB fraction
increase of 0.25 with radius. We estimated the average ages for the inner and
outer radii are 7.0+/-0.3 Gyr, and 6.2+/-0.2 Gyr, respectively, with the
implication that the outer regions are likely to have formed ~1 Gyr after the
inner regions. Additionally, we find that metallicity gradients are likely not
a significant factor in the color difference. The separation of color between
the inner and outer regions, which agrees with a specific stellar population
difference (e.g., higher EHB populations), and the ~0.5-2 Gyr age difference
suggests multi-stage formation. Our results are best explained by inside-out
formation: rapid star formation within the core at early epochs (>4 Gyr ago)
and at least one later stage starburst event coinciding with z~1


title:
Migration of massive black hole binaries in self--gravitating accretion
  discs: Retrograde versus prograde

abstract:
  We study the interplay between mass transfer, accretion and gravitational
torques onto a black hole binary migrating in a self-gravitating, retrograde
circumbinary disc. A direct comparison with an identical prograde disc shows
that: (i) because of the absence of resonances, the cavity size is a factor
a(1+e) smaller for retrograde discs; (ii) nonetheless the shrinkage of a
circular binary semi--major axis, a, is identical in both cases; (iii) a
circular binary in a retrograde disc remains circular while eccentric binaries
grow more eccentric. For non-circular binaries, we measure the orbital decay
rates and the eccentricity growth rates to be exponential as long as the binary
orbits in the plane of its disc. Additionally, for these co-planar systems, we
find that interaction (~ non--zero torque) stems only from the cavity edge plus
a(1+e) in the disc, i.e. for dynamical purposes, the disc can be treated as a
annulus of small radial extent. We find that simple 'dust' models in which the
binary- disc interaction is purely gravitational can account for all main
numerical results, both for prograde and retrograde discs. Furthermore, we
discuss the possibility of an instability occurring for highly eccentric
binaries causing it to leave the disc plane, secularly tilt and converge to a
prograde system. Our results suggest that there are two stable configurations
for binaries in self-gravitating discs: the special circular retrograde case
and an eccentric (e~ 0.6) prograde configuration as a stable attractor.


title: Neutrino mixing in the $\mu\nu$SSM

abstract:
  Recently, several reactor oscillation experiments have successively measured
a nonzero value for the neutrino mixing angle ${\theta_{13}}$, which is greater
than 5 standard deviations. Within framework of the $\mu$ from $\nu$
Supersymmetric Standard Model ($\mu\nu$SSM), three tiny neutrino masses are
generated at the tree level through TeV scale seesaw mechanism. In this work,
we analyze the neutrino masses and mixing in the $\mu\nu$SSM with a "top down"
method, assuming neutrino mass spectrum with normal ordering (NO) or inverted
ordering (IO).


title:
Wireless Energy and Information Transfer Tradeoff for Limited Feedback
  Multi-Antenna Systems with Energy Beamforming

abstract:
  In this paper, we consider a multi-antenna system where the receiver should
harvest energy from the transmitter by wireless energy transfer to support its
wireless information transmission. In order to maximize the harvesting energy,
we propose to perform adaptive energy beamforming according to the
instantaneous channel state information (CSI). To help the transmitter to
obtain the CSI for energy beamforming, we further propose a win-win CSI
quantization feedback strategy, so as to improve the efficiencies of both power
and information transmission. The focus of this paper is on the tradeoff of
wireless energy and information transfer by adjusting the transfer duration
with a total duration constraint. Through revealing the relationship between
transmit power, transfer duration and feedback amount, we derive two wireless
energy and information transfer tradeoff schemes by maximizing an upper bound
and an approximate lower bound of the average information transmission rate,
respectively. Moreover, the impact of imperfect CSI at the receiver is
investigated and the corresponding wireless energy and information transfer
tradeoff scheme is also given. Finally, numerical results validate the
effectiveness of the proposed schemes.


title:
Quantum correlations in Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm via deterministic
  quantum computation with one qubit model

abstract:
  Quantum correlations have been pointed out as the most likely source of the
speed-up in quantum computation. Here we analyzed the presence of quantum
correlations in the implementation of Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm running in the
DQC1 and DQCp models of quantum computing. For some balanced functions, the
qubits in DQC1 model are quantum correlated just in the intermediate steps of
the algorithm for a given decomposition into one and two qubits gates. In the
DQCp model the final state is strongly quantum correlated for some balanced
functions, so that the pairwise entanglement between blocks scales with the
system size. Although the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm is efficiently implemented in
both models of computation, the presence of quantum correlations is not a
sufficient property for computational gain in this case, since the performance
of the classical probabilistic algorithm is better than the quantum ones. The
measurement of other qubits than the control one showed to be inefficient to
turn the algorithm deterministic.


title:
Extension of derivations, and Connes-amenability of the enveloping dual
  Banach algebra

abstract:
  If $D:A \to X$ is a derivation from a Banach algebra to a contractive, Banach
$A$-bimodule, then one can equip $X^{**}$ with an $A^{**}$-bimodule structure,
such that the second transpose $D^{**}: A^{**} \to X^{**}$ is again a
derivation. We prove an analogous extension result, where $A^{**}$ is replaced
by $\F(A)$, the \emph{enveloping dual Banach algebra} of $A$, and $X^{**}$ by
an appropriate kind of universal, enveloping, normal dual bimodule of $X$.
Using this, we obtain some new characterizations of Connes-amenability of
$\F(A)$. In particular we show that $\F(A)$ is Connes-amenable if and only if
$A$ admits a so-called WAP-virtual diagonal. We show that when $A=L^1(G)$,
existence of a WAP-virtual diagonal is equivalent to the existence of a virtual
diagonal in the usual sense. Our approach does not involve invariant means for
$G$.


title:
Self-avoiding quantum walks: realisations in subspaces and limit
  theorems

abstract:
  While completely self-avoiding quantum walks have the distinct property of
leading to a trivial unidirectional transport of a quantum state, an
interesting and non-trivial dynamics can be constructed by restricting the
self-avoidance to a subspace of the complete Hilbert space. Here, we present a
comprehensive study of three two-dimensional quantum walks, which are
self-avoiding in coin space, in position space and in both, coin and position
space. We discuss the properties of these walks and show that all result in
delocalisation of the probability distribution for initial states which are
strongly localised for a walk with a standard Grover coin operation. We also
present analytical results for the evolution in the form of limit distributions
for the self-avoiding walks in coin space and in both, coin and position space.


title: Optical beam shaping and diffraction free waves: a variational approach

abstract:
  We investigate the problem of shaping radially symmetric annular beams into
desired intensity patterns along the optical axis. Within the Fresnel
approximation, we show that this problem can be expressed in a variational form
equivalent to the one arising in phase retrieval. Using the uncertainty
principle we prove rigorous lower bounds on the functional that capture how the
various physical parameters in the problem determine the accuracy of the beam
shaping. We also use the method of stationary phase to construct a natural
ansatz for a minimizer in the short wavelength limit. We illustrate the
implications of our results by applying the method of stationary phase coupled
with the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to beam shaping problems arising in remote
delivery of beams and pulses.


title: Neural Network Model of Pricing Health Care Insurance

abstract:
  To pricing health insurance plan, statisticians use mathematical models to
predict customers' future health condition. General Addictive Model (GAM) is a
wide accepted method for this problem. However, it have several limitations. To
solve this problem, a new method named neural network model is implemented.
Compare with GAM model, neural network provide a more accurate predicting
result.


title: A novel approach of solving the CNF-SAT problem

abstract:
  In this paper, we discussed CNF-SAT problem (NP-Complete problem) and
analysis two solutions that can solve the problem, the PL-Resolution algorithm
and the WalkSAT algorithm. PL-Resolution is a sound and complete algorithm that
can be used to determine satisfiability and unsatisfiability with certainty.
WalkSAT can determine satisfiability if it finds a model, but it cannot
guarantee to find a model even there exists one. However, WalkSAT is much
faster than PL-Resolution, which makes WalkSAT more practical; and we have
analysis the performance between these two algorithms, and the performance of
WalkSAT is acceptable if the problem is not so hard.


title: On harmonic convolutions involving a vertical strip mapping

abstract:
  Let f_\beta = h_\beta+\bar{g}_\beta and F_a = H_a +\bar{G}_a be harmonic
mappings obtained by shearing of analytic mappings h_\beta +g_\beta =
1/(2i\sin\beta)log((1 + ze^{i\beta})/(1 + ze^{-i\beta})), 0<\beta<\pi and
H_a+G_a = z/(1-z), respectively. Kumar et al. [5] conjectured that if
\omega(z)=e^{i\theta}z^n (\theta\in R, n\in N) and \omega_a(z)=(a-z)/(1-az),
a\in(-1,1) are dilatations of f_\beta and F_a, respectively, then F_a\ast
f_\beta \in S_H^0 and is convex in the direction of the real axis provided
a\in[(n-2)/(n + 2), 1).They claimed to have verified the result for n = 1, 2, 3
and 4 only. In the present paper, we settle the above conjecture in the
affirmative for \beta =\pi/2 and for all n\in N.


title:
A general condition for Monge solutions in the multi-marginal optimal
  transport problem

abstract:
  We develop a general condition on the cost function which is sufficient to
imply Monge solution and uniqueness results in the multi-marginal optimal
transport problem. This result unifies and generalizes several results in the
rather fragmented literature on multi-marginal problems. We also provide a
systematic way to generate new examples from old ones.


title: A new graph-based two-sample test for multivariate and object data

abstract:
  Two-sample tests for multivariate data and especially for non-Euclidean data
are not well explored. This paper presents a novel test statistic based on a
similarity graph constructed on the pooled observations from the two samples.
It can be applied to multivariate data and non-Euclidean data as long as a
dissimilarity measure on the sample space can be defined, which can usually be
provided by domain experts. Existing tests based on a similarity graph lack
power either for location or for scale alternatives. The new test utilizes a
common pattern that was overlooked previously, and works for both types of
alternatives. The test exhibits substantial power gains in simulation studies.
Its asymptotic permutation null distribution is derived and shown to work well
under finite samples, facilitating its application to large data sets. The new
test is illustrated on two applications: The assessment of covariate balance in
a matched observational study, and the comparison of network data under
different conditions.


title:
Kaluza-Klein gluon searches using the three-b-jet decay channel at the
  Large Hadron Collider

abstract:
  We study observability of a Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitation of a gluon in a
five-dimensional model with a warped geometry at the Large Hadron Collider. In
this model, the Standard Model fields reside in the bulk and the third
generation quarks couple to the KK gluon strongly. We focus on the processes
including three b-quarks as a final state where the first KK gluon propagates
as an intermediate state. We evaluate a significance of those processes by
taking account of kinematical cuts and a detector efficiency at the Large
Hadron Collider and find that the significance is lager than 5-sigma with the
integrated luminosity of 10 (100) fb^{-1} for a certain range of parameters of
the model.


title:
Non-uniform approximations for sums of discrete m-dependent random
  variables

abstract:
  Non-uniform estimates are obtained for Poisson, compound Poisson, translated
Poisson, negative binomial and binomial approximations to sums of of
m-dependent integer-valued random variables. Estimates for Wasserstein metric
also follow easily from our results. The results are then exemplified by the
approximation of Poisson binomial distribution, 2-runs and $m$-dependent
$(k_1,k_2)$-events.


title:
Two-dimensional elasticity determines the low-frequency dynamics of
  single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes

abstract:
  We develop a continuous theory of low-frequency dynamics for nanotubes with
truly two-dimensional (2D) walls constituted by single-atom monolayer. In this
frame topological bending elasticity of the monolayer is not related to its
vanishing macroscopic thickness. The proposed approach predicts completely new
sound dispersions and radius dependences of non-resonant Raman-active modes
frequencies in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Resulting relations are
suitable for nanotubes identification and more complete or alternative
characterization. The theory is also applied to describe the low-frequency
dynamics of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT). It establishes a clear-cut
relation between the radial breathing mode in SWCNT and breathing-like modes in
DWCNT and fits the existing Raman data better than previously developed 3D
continuous or discrete models. The results obtained constitute the basis for
new quantitative studies of the low-frequency vibrational spectrum, heat
capacity and heat transfer properties of carbon nanotubes.


title:
Imprint of Scalar Dark Energy on Cosmic Microwave Background
  Polarization

abstract:
  We study the imprint of a coupling of scalar dark energy to photon on the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. The time-evolving field value
as well as the perturbation of the scalar generically induce $B$-mode
polarization. Future CMB data will find either a cosmic parity violation in
temperature-polarization correlation due to the field value, or
perturbation-induced $B$-mode polarization that is almost indistinguishable
from that generated by gravitational lensing or primordial gravitational waves.


title:
Realization of Artificial Ice Systems for Magnetic Vortices in a
  Superconducting MoGe Thin-film with Patterned Nanostructures

abstract:
  We report an anomalous matching effect in MoGe thin films containing pairs of
circular holes arranged in such a way that four of those pairs meet at each
vertex point of a square lattice. A remarkably pronounced fractional matching
was observed in the magnetic field dependences of both the resistance and the
critical current. At the half matching field the critical current can be even
higher than that at zero field. This has never been observed before for
vortices in superconductors with pinning arrays. Numerical simulations within
the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory reveal a square vortex ice configuration
in the ground state at the half matching field and demonstrate similar
characteristic features in the field dependence of the critical current,
confirming the experimental realization of an artificial ice system for
vortices for the first time.


title:
Towards harmonic superfield formulation of $N=4$, $USp(4)$ SYM theory
  with the central charge

abstract:
  We develop a superfield formulation of $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric
Yang-Mills theory with gauged central charge in $USp(4)$ harmonic superspace.
Component formulation of this theory was given by Sohnius, Stelle and West
\cite{SSW80} but its superfield formulation has not been constructed so far. We
construct the superfield action, corresponding to this model, and show that it
reproduces the component action from \cite{SSW80}.


title:
Quantum metrology in the presence of spatially correlated noise:
  Restoring Heisenberg scaling

abstract:
  Environmental noise can hinder the metrological capabilities of entangled
states. While the use of entanglement allows for Heisenberg-limited resolution,
the largest permitted by quantum mechanics, deviations from strictly unitary
dynamics quickly restore the standard scaling dictated by the central limit
theorem. Product and maximally entangled states become asymptotically
equivalent when the noisy evolution is both local and strictly Markovian.
However, temporal correlations in the noise have been shown to lift this
equivalence while fully (spatially) correlated noise allows for the
identification of decoherence free subspaces. Here we analyze precision limits
in the presence of noise with finite correlation length and show that there
exist robust entangled state preparations which display persistent Heisenberg
scaling despite the environmental decoherence, even for small correlation
length. Our results emphasize the relevance of noise correlations in the study
of quantum advantage and could be relevant beyond metrological applications.


title:
Linear_Accelerator_C+6_Ions_as_Injector_for_a_Synchrotron, Intended for
  Hadrons Therapy

abstract:
  We consider acceleration light ions by the field of a traveling-wave in a
helical waveguide. The frequency of the accelerating RF field f = 100 MHz,
generator power P = 2 MW. Ion focusing is provided by a solenoidal magnetic
field with the intensity B = 3.5 Tesla. With increasing the accelerator length
up to L = 15 m, the final energy of the ions can be increased up to a value of
E = 7 MeV / nucleon.


title: Matching-Constrained Active Contours

abstract:
  In object segmentation by active contours, the initial contour is often
required. Conventionally, the initial contour is provided by the user. This
paper extends the conventional active contour model by incorporating feature
matching in the formulation, which gives rise to a novel matching-constrained
active contour. The numerical solution to the new optimization model provides
an automated framework of object segmentation without user intervention. The
main idea is to incorporate feature point matching as a constraint in active
contour models. To this effect, we obtain a mathematical model of interior
points to boundary contour such that matching of interior feature points gives
contour alignment, and we formulate the matching score as a constraint to
active contour model such that the feature matching of maximum score that gives
the contour alignment provides the initial feasible solution to the constrained
optimization model of segmentation. The constraint also ensures that the
optimal contour does not deviate too much from the initial contour.
Projected-gradient descent equations are derived to solve the constrained
optimization. In the experiments, we show that our method is capable of
achieving the automatic object segmentation, and it outperforms the related
methods.


title:
Measuring the orbital angular momentum of electron vortex beams using a
  forked grating

abstract:
  The present study experimentally examines how an electron vortex beam with
orbital angular momentum (OAM) undergoes diffraction through a forked grating.
The nth-order diffracted electron vortex beam after passing through a forked
grating with a Burgers vector of 1 shows an OAM transfer of nh. Hence, the
diffraction patterns become mirror asymmetric owing to the size difference
between the electron beams. Such a forked grating, when used in combination
with a pinhole located at the diffraction plane, could act as an analyzer to
measure the OAM of input electrons.


title: Aggregation-based aggressive coarsening with polynomial smoothing

abstract:
  This paper develops an algebraic multigrid preconditioner for the graph
Laplacian. The proposed approach uses aggressive coarsening based on the
aggregation framework in the setup phase and a polynomial smoother with
sufficiently large degree within a (nonlinear) Algebraic Multilevel Iteration
as a preconditioner to the flexible Conjugate Gradient iteration in the solve
phase. We show that by combining these techniques it is possible to design a
simple and scalable algorithm. Results of the algorithm applied to graph
Laplacian systems arising from the standard linear finite element
discretization of the scalar Poisson problem are reported.


title: Current-biased Andreev interferometer

abstract:
  We theoretically investigate the behavior of Andreev interferometers with
three superconducting electrodes in the current-biased regime. Our analysis
allows to predict a number of interesting features of such devices, such as
both hysteretic and non-hysteretic behavior, negative magnetoresistance and two
different sets of singularities of the differential resistance at subgap
voltages. In the non-hysteretic regime we find a pronounced voltage modulation
with the magnetic flux which can be used for improving sensitivity of Andreev
interferometers.


title: Is there currently a scientific revolution in scientometrics?

abstract:
  The author of this letter to the editor would like to set forth the argument
that scientometrics is currently in a phase in which a taxonomic change, and
hence a revolution, is taking place. One of the key terms in scientometrics is
scientific impact which nowadays is understood to mean not only the impact on
science but the impact on every area of society.


title: Identification of metal-poor stars using the artificial neural network

abstract:
  Identification of metal-poor stars among field stars is extremely useful for
studying the structure and evolution of the Galaxy and of external galaxies. We
search for metal-poor stars using the artificial neural network (ANN) and
extend its usage to determine absolute magnitudes. We have constructed a
library of 167 medium-resolution stellar spectra (R ~ 1200) covering the
stellar temperature range of 4200 to 8000 K, log g range of 0.5 to 5.0, and
[Fe/H] range of -3.0 to +0.3 dex. This empirical spectral library was used to
train ANNs, yielding an accuracy of 0.3 dex in [Fe/H], 200 K in temperature,
and 0.3 dex in log g. We found that the independent calibrations of near-solar
metallicity stars and metal-poor stars decreases the errors in T_eff and log g
by nearly a factor of two. We calculated T_eff, log g, and [Fe/H] on a
consistent scale for a large number of field stars and candidate metal-poor
stars. We extended the application of this method to the calibration of
absolute magnitudes using nearby stars with well-estimated parallaxes. A better
calibration accuracy for M_V could be obtained by training separate ANNs for
cool, warm, and metal-poor stars. The current accuracy of M_V calibration is
(+-)0.3 mag. A list of newly identified metal-poor stars is presented. The M_V
calibration procedure developed here is reddening-independent and hence may
serve as a powerful tool in studying galactic structure.


title: Kondo-effect protected topological surface states on Sb(111)

abstract:
  Local density of states and quasiparticle interference phenomena of
Co/Sb(111) were investigated by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. A sharp peak
observed near the Fermi energy is interpreted as a fingerprint of the
conventional Kondo resonance with the Kondo temperature of K. Moreover, by
identifying the interference wavevectors, only the scattering channels relating
to backscattering confinements are observed for surfaces with and without the
Co deposition. It reveals that the Kondo effect fully screens the magnetic
impurities and thereby suppresses the backscattering of the topological surface
state.


title:
Nature of the glassy magnetic state in Cu$_{2.84}$Mn$_{0.44}$Al$_{0.72}$
  shape memory alloy

abstract:
  The magnetic ground state of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of nominal
composition Cu$_{2.84}$Mn$_{0.44}$Al$_{0.72}$ was investigated. The sample
shows reentry of a glassy magnetic phase below the martensitic transition
temperature, which is found to have complex character with two distinct
anomalies in the temperature dependent ac susceptibility data. The sample
retains its glassy phase even below the second transition as evident from the
magnetic memory measurements in different protocols. Existence of two
transitions along with their observed nature suggest that the system can be
described by the mean field Heisenberg model of reentrant spin glass as
proposed by Gabay and Toulous. \cite{rsg-GT1} The sample provides a fascinating
example where a Gabay-Toulous type spin glass state is triggered by a first
order magneto-structural transition.


title:
Sr and Mn co-doped LaCuSO: A wide band gap oxide diluted magnetic
  semiconductor with TC around 200K

abstract:
  Here we report the synthesis of a bulk oxide diluted magnetic semiconductor
(DMS) system La1-xSrxCu0.925Mn0.075SO (x=0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). As a
wide band gap p-type oxide semiconductor, LaCuSO satisfies all the conditions
forecasted theoretically to be a room temperature DMS. The Curie temperature
(TC) is around 200K as x>0.05, which is among the highest TC record of known
bulk DMS materials up to now. The system provides a rare example of oxide DMS
system with p-type conduction, which is important for formation of high
temperature spintronic devices.


title: Origin of Anomalous Water Permeation through Graphene Oxide Membrane

abstract:
  Water inside the low dimensional carbon structures has been considered
seriously owing to fundamental interest in its flow and structures as well as
its practical impact. Recently, the anomalous perfect penetration of water
through graphene oxide membrane was demonstrated although the membrane was
impenetrable for other liquids and even gases. The unusual auxetic behavior of
graphene oxide in the presence of water was also reported. Here, based on
first-principles calculations, we establish atomistic models for hybrid systems
composed of water and graphene oxides revealing the anomalous water behavior
inside the stacked graphene oxides. We show that formation of hexagonal ice
bilayer in between the flakes as well as melting transition of ice at the edges
of flakes are crucial to realize the perfect water permeation across the whole
stacked structures. The distance between adjacent layers that can be controlled
either by oxygen reduction process or pressure is shown to determine the water
flow thus highlighting a unique water dynamics in randomly connected
two-dimensional spaces.


title: The Formation of Condensation on Cherenkov Telescope Mirrors

abstract:
  The mirrors of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are different from
those of conventional astronomical telescopes in several ways, not least in
that they are exposed to the elements. One of the issues which may arise is
condensation forming on the mirrors during observing under certain atmospheric
conditions, which has important consequences for the operation of the
telescopes. This contribution discusses why telescope mirrors suffer
condensation and describes the atmospheric conditions and mirror designs which
are likely to be problematic.


title:
Note on the method of matched-asymptotic expansions for determining the
  force acting on a particle

abstract:
  This paper is an addendum to the article by Candelier, Mehaddi & Vauquelin
(2013) where the motion of a particle in a stratified fluid is investigated
theoretically, at small Reynolds and P\'eclet numbers. We review briefly the
method of matched asymptotic expansions which is generally used in order to
determine the force acting on a particle embedded in a given flow, in order to
account for small, but finite, inertia effects. As part of this method, we
present an alternative matching procedure, which is based on a series expansion
of the far-field solution of the problem, performed in the sense of generalized
functions. The way to perform such a series is presented succinctly and a
simple example is provided.


title: Anomalous Optical Phonon Splittings in Sliding Bilayer Graphene

abstract:
  We study the variations of electron-phonon coupling and their spectroscopic
consequences in response to sliding of two layers in bilayer graphene using
first-principles calculations and a model Hamiltonian. Our study shows that the
long wave-length optical phonon modes change in a sensitive and unusual way
depending on the symmetry as well as the parity of sliding atomic structures
and that, accordingly, Raman- and infrared-active optical phonon modes behave
differently upon the direction and size of the sliding. The renormalization of
phonon modes by the interlayer electronic coupling is shown to be crucial to
explain their anomalous behavior upon the sliding. Also, we show that the
crystal symmetry change due to the sliding affects the polarized Stokes
Raman-scattering intensity, which can be utilized to detect tiny misalignment
of graphene layers using spectroscopic tools.


title: On sumsets and convex hull

abstract:
  One classical result of Freimann gives the optimal lower bound for the
cardinality of A+A if A is a d-dimensional finite set in the Euclidean d-space.
Matolcsi and Ruzsa have recently generalized this lower bound to |A+kB| if B is
d-dimensional, and A is contained in the convex hull of B. We characterize the
equality case of the Matolcsi-Ruzsa bound. The argument is based partially on
understanding triangulations of polytopes.


title:
Controlling Intensity and Phase of Terahertz Radiation with an Optically
  Thin Liquid Crystal-Loaded Metamaterial

abstract:
  We experimentally demonstrate intensity and phase modulation of terahertz
radiation using actively controlled large-area planar metamaterial (metafilm)
hybridized with a 12 um thick layer of a liquid crystal. Active control was
introduced through in-plane electrical switching of the liquid crystal, which
enabled us to achieve a reversible single-pass absolute transmission change of
20 % and a phase change of 40 deg at only 20 V.


title:
Cartesian closed 2-categories and permutation equivalence in
  higher-order rewriting

abstract:
  We propose a semantics for permutation equivalence in higher-order rewriting.
This semantics takes place in cartesian closed 2-categories, and is proved
sound and complete.


title:
Kinetic simulation of the O-X conversion process in dense magnetized
  plasmas

abstract:
  The ordinary-extraordinary-Bernstein (O-X-B) double conversion is considered
and simulated with a kinetic particle model vs full wave model for parameters
of the TJ-II stellarator. This simulation has been done with the
particle-in-cell code, XOOPIC (X11-based object-oriented particle-incell).
XOOPIC is able to model the non-monotonic density and magnetic profile of
TJ-II. The first step of conversion, O-X conversion, is observed clearly. By
applying some optimizations such as increasing the number of computational
particles in the region of the X-B conversion, the simulation of the second
step is also possible. By considering the electric and magnetic components of
launched and reflected waves, the O-mode wave and the X-mode wave can be easily
detected. Via considering the power of launched O-mode wave and converted
X-mode wave, the efficiency of O-X conversion for the best theoretical launch
angle is obtained, which is in good agreement with previous computed
efficiencies via full-wave simulations. For the optimum angle of 47? between
the wave-vector of the incident O-mode wave and the external magnetic field,
the conversion efficiency is 66%.


title:
Adiabatic groupoid, crossed product by $\R_+^*$ and Pseudodifferential
  calculus

abstract:
  We consider the crossed product $G_{ga}$ by $\R_+^*$ of the adiabatic
groupoid associated with any Lie groupoid $G$. We construct an explicit Morita
equivalence between the exact sequence of order 0 pseudodifferential operators
on $G$ and (a restriction of) the natural exact sequence associated with
$G_{ga}$. As an important intermediate step, we express a pseudodifferential
operator on $G$ as an integral associated to a smoothing operator on the
adiabatic groupoid $G_{ad}$ of $G$.


title: An Uncertainty Principle for Discrete Signals

abstract:
  By use of window functions, time-frequency analysis tools like Short Time
Fourier Transform overcome a shortcoming of the Fourier Transform and enable us
to study the time- frequency characteristics of signals which exhibit transient
os- cillatory behavior. Since the resulting representations depend on the
choice of the window functions, it is important to know how they influence the
analyses. One crucial question on a window function is how accurate it permits
us to analyze the signals in the time and frequency domains. In the continuous
domain (for functions defined on the real line), the limit on the accuracy is
well-established by the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle when the
time-frequency spread is measured in terms of the variance measures. However,
for the finite discrete signals (where we consider the Discrete Fourier
Transform), the uncertainty relation is not as well understood. Our work fills
in some of the gap in the understanding and states uncertainty relation for a
subclass of finite discrete signals. Interestingly, the result is a close
parallel to that of the continuous domain: the time-frequency spread measure
is, in some sense, natural generalization of the variance measure in the
continuous domain, the lower bound for the uncertainty is close to that of the
continuous domain, and the lower bound is achieved approximately by the
'discrete Gaussians'.


title:
Option pricing with non-Gaussian scaling and infinite-state switching
  volatility

abstract:
  Volatility clustering, long-range dependence, and non-Gaussian scaling are
stylized facts of financial assets dynamics. They are ignored in the Black &
Scholes framework, but have a relevant impact on the pricing of options written
on financial assets. Using a recent model for market dynamics which adequately
captures the above stylized facts, we derive closed form equations for option
pricing, obtaining the Black & Scholes as a special case. By applying our
pricing equations to a major equity index option dataset, we show that
inclusion of stylized features in financial modeling moves derivative prices
about 30% closer to the market values without the need of calibrating models
parameters on available derivative prices.