title:
Realizing Bone-mass Generation Through a Density Type Theoretical
  Archetype

abstract:
  The dynamic process of the formation of bone-mass in case of humans is
studied to gather precise understanding about the same with the motivation of
applying these concepts for healing of bone-fracture and non-unions in
non-invasive manner. Three cellular ingredients, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and
osteocytes are predominant players in generating new bone-mass in which a host
of hormones, proteins and minerals have potential supportive role. Considering
population density of these three biological cells osteoblasts, osteoclasts and
osteocytes as variables, we formulate a theoretical model, in the form of a set
of time differential equations in order to emulate the dynamic process of
bone-mass creation. High relative abundance of osteocytes at asymptotic scale
together with moderate level values of osteoblasts and osteoclasts cell
populations signifies formation of bone-matter in our theoretical archetype.
The archetype has been studied through both analytical and numerical channels,
significant results are emphasized and relevant conclusions are drawn. Certain
predictive statements are also made which could be put to future in-vivo
clinical test or in-vitro physiological experimentation as well.


title: QED3 at Finite Temperature and Density

abstract:
  Schwinger-Dyson equations are used to study the phase diagram of QED in three
dimensions. This computation is made with full frequency-dependence in the
two-point function gap equations for the first time. We also demonstrate that
reliable results are attainable in spite of an infrared divergence that is
endemic to the theory. A theoretically sound method for dealing with cutoff
ultraviolet regulators is presented. Finally, it is shown that the quenched and
instantaneous approximations often used in the literature are inaccurate.


title: Convergence of Julia polynomials

abstract:
  We study the approximation of conformal mappings with the polynomials defined
by Keldysh and Lavrentiev from an extremal problem considered by Julia. These
polynomials converge uniformly on the closure of any Smirnov domain to the
conformal mapping of this domain onto a disk. We prove estimates for the rate
of such convergence on domains with piecewise analytic boundaries, expressed
through the smallest exterior angles at the boundary.


title: A Note on Z* algebras

abstract:
  We study some properies of $Z^{*}$ algebras, thos C^* algebra which all
positive elements are zero divisors. We show by means of an example that an
extension of a Z* algebra by a Z* algebra is not necessarily Z* algebra.
However we prove that an extension of a non Z* algebra by a non Z* algebra is
again a Z^* algebra. As an application of our methods, we prove that evey
compact subset of the positive cones of a C* algebra has an upper bound in the
algebra.


title:
An Information Theoretic Measure of Judea Pearl's Identifiability and
  Causal Influence

abstract:
  In this paper, we define a new information theoretic measure that we call the
"uprooted information". We show that a necessary and sufficient condition for a
probability $P(s|do(t))$ to be "identifiable" (in the sense of Pearl) in a
graph $G$ is that its uprooted information be non-negative for all models of
the graph $G$. In this paper, we also give a new algorithm for deciding, for a
Bayesian net that is semi-Markovian, whether a probability $P(s|do(t))$ is
identifiable, and, if it is identifiable, for expressing it without allusions
to confounding variables. Our algorithm is closely based on a previous
algorithm by Tian and Pearl, but seems to correct a small flaw in theirs. In
this paper, we also find a {\it necessary and sufficient graphical condition}
for a probability $P(s|do(t))$ to be identifiable when $t$ is a singleton set.
So far, in the prior literature, it appears that only a {\it sufficient
graphical condition} has been given for this. By "graphical" we mean that it is
directly based on Judea Pearl's 3 rules of do-calculus.


title: Rotational Mutation Genetic Algorithm on optimization Problems

abstract:
  Optimization problem, nowadays, have more application in all major but they
have problem in computation. Calculation of the optimum point in the spaces
with the above dimensions is very time consuming. In this paper, there is
presented a new approach for the optimization of continuous functions with
rotational mutation that is called RM. The proposed algorithm starts from the
point which has best fitness value by elitism mechanism. Then, method of
rotational mutation is used to reach optimal point. In this paper, RM algorithm
is implemented by GA(Briefly RMGA) and is compared with other well- known
algorithms: DE, PGA, Grefensstette and Eshelman [15, 16] and numerical and
simulation results show that RMGA achieve global optimal point with more
decision by smaller generations.


title:
A New Approach for Finding the Global Optimal Point Using Subdividing
  Labeling Method (SLM)

abstract:
  In most global optimization problems, finding global optimal point inthe
multidimensional and great search space needs high computations. In this paper,
we present a new approach to find global optimal point with the low computation
and few steps using subdividing labeling method (SLM) which can also be used in
the multi-dimensional and great search space. In this approach, in each step,
crossing points will be labeled and complete label polytope search space of
selected polytope will be subdivided after being selected. SLM algorithm finds
the global point until h (subdivision function) turns into zero. SLM will be
implemented on five applications and compared with the latest techniques such
as random search, random search-walk and simulated annealing method. The
results of the proposed method demonstrate that our new approach is faster and
more reliable and presents an optimal time complexity O (logn).


title:
Sub- Diving Labeling Method for Optimization Problem by Genetic
  Algorithm

abstract:
  In many global Optimization Problems, it is required to evaluate a global
point (min or max) in large space that calculation effort is very high. In this
paper is presented new approach for optimization problem with subdivision
labeling method (SLM) but in this method for higher dimensional has high
computational. SLM Genetic Algorithm (SLMGA) in optimization problems is one of
the solutions of this problem. In proposed algorithm the initial population is
crossing points and subdividing in each step is according to mutation. RSLMGA
is compared with other well known algorithms: DE, PGA, Grefensstette and
Eshelman and numerical results show that RSLMGA achieve global optimal point
with more decision by smaller generations.


title: Distribution of point charges with small discrete energy

abstract:
  We study the asymptotic equidistribution of points near arbitrary compact
sets of positive capacity in $\R^d,\ d\ge 2$. Our main tools are the energy
estimates for Riesz potentials. We also consider the quantitative aspects of
this equidistribution in the classical Newtonian case. In particular, we
quantify the weak convergence of discrete measures to the equilibrium measure,
and give the estimates of convergence rates for discrete potentials to the
equilibrium potential.


title: The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars

abstract:
  Most stars and their planets form in open clusters. Over 95 per cent of such
clusters have stellar densities too low (less than a hundred stars per cubic
parsec) to withstand internal and external dynamical stresses and fall apart
within a few hundred million years. Older open clusters have survived by virtue
of being richer and denser in stars (1,000 to 10,000 per cubic parsec) when
they formed. Such clusters represent a stellar environment very different from
the birthplace of the Sun and other planet-hosting field stars. So far more
than 800 planets have been found around Sun-like stars in the field. The field
planets are usually the size of Neptune or smaller. In contrast, only four
planets have been found orbiting stars in open clusters, all with masses
similar to or greater than that of Jupiter. Here we report observations of the
transits of two Sun-like stars by planets smaller than Neptune in the
billion-year-old open cluster NGC6811. This demonstrates that small planets can
form and survive in a dense cluster environment, and implies that the frequency
and properties of planets in open clusters are consistent with those of planets
around field stars in the Galaxy.


title: A Chandra/HETGS Census of X-ray Variability From Sgr A* During 2012

abstract:
  We present the first systematic analysis of the X-ray variability of Sgr A*
during the Chandra X-ray Observatory's 2012 Sgr A* X-ray Visionary Project
(XVP). With 38 High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS)
observations spaced an average of 7 days apart, this unprecedented campaign
enables detailed study of the X-ray emission from this supermassive black hole
at high spatial, spectral and timing resolution. In 3 Ms of observations, we
detect 39 X-ray flares from Sgr A*, lasting from a few hundred seconds to
approximately 8 ks, and ranging in 2-10 keV luminosity from ~1e34 erg/s to 2e35
erg/s. Despite tentative evidence for a gap in the distribution of flare peak
count rates, there is no evidence for X-ray color differences between faint and
bright flares. Our preliminary X-ray flare luminosity distribution dN/dL is
consistent with a power law with index -1.9 (+0.3 -0.4); this is similar to
some estimates of Sgr A*'s NIR flux distribution. The observed flares
contribute one-third of the total X-ray output of Sgr A* during the campaign,
and as much as 10% of the quiescent X-ray emission could be comprised of weak,
undetected flares, which may also contribute high-frequency variability. We
argue that flares may be the only source of X-ray emission from the inner
accretion flow.


title:
What the characters of irreducible subrepresentations of Jordan cells
  can tell us about LCFT

abstract:
  In this article, we review some aspects of logarithmic conformal field
theories which can be inferred from the characters of irreducible submodules of
indecomposable modules. We will mainly consider the W(2,2p-1,2p-1,2p-1) series
of triplet algebras and a bit logarithmic extensions of the minimal Virasoro
models. Since in all known examples of logarithmic conformal field theories the
vacuum representation of the maximally extended chiral symmetry algebra is an
irreducible submodule of a larger, indecomposable module, its character
provides a lot of non-trivial information about the theory such as a set of
functions which spans the space of all torus amplitudes. Despite such
characters being modular forms of inhomogeneous weight, they fit in the
ADET-classification of fermionic sum representations. Thus, they show that
logarithmic conformal field theories naturally have to be taken into account
when attempting to classify rational conformal field theories.


title: Dissecting X-ray-emitting Gas around the Center of our Galaxy

abstract:
  Most supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are accreting at very low levels and
are difficult to distinguish from the galaxy centers where they reside. Our own
Galaxy's SMBH provides a uniquely instructive exception, and we present a
close-up view of its quiescent X-ray emission based on 3 mega-second of Chandra
observations. Although the X-ray emission is elongated and aligns well with a
surrounding disk of massive stars, we can rule out a concentration of low-mass
coronally active stars as the origin of the emission based on the lack of
predicted Fe Kalpha emission. The extremely weak H-like Fe Kalpha line further
suggests the presence of an outflow from the accretion flow onto the SMBH.
These results provide important constraints for models of the prevalent
radiatively inefficient accretion state.


title: Phases of non-extremal multi-centered bound states

abstract:
  We investigate the phase space of multi-centered near-extremal configurations
previously studied in arXiv:1108.5821 and arXiv:1110.5641 in the probe limit.
We confirm that in general the energetically favored ground state of the
multi-center potential, which can be a single or multi-center configuration,
has the most entropy and is thus thermodynamically stable. However, we find the
surprising result that for a subset of configurations, even though a single
center black hole seems to be energetically favored, it is entropically not
allowed (the resulting black hole would violate cosmic censorship). This
disproves classical intuition that everything would just fall into the black
hole if energetically favored. Along the way we highlight a shortcoming in the
literature regarding the computation of the angular momentum coming from
electromagnetic interaction in the probe limit and rectify it. We also
demonstrate that static supertubes can exist inside ergoregions where ordinary
point particles would be frame dragged.


title:
Evidence for Ubiquitous, High-EW Nebular Emission in z~7 Galaxies:
  Towards a Clean Measurement of the Specific Star Formation Rate using a
  Sample of Bright, Magnified Galaxies

abstract:
  Growing observational evidence now indicates that nebular line emission has a
significant impact on the rest-frame optical fluxes of z~5-7 galaxies observed
with Spitzer. This line emission makes z~5-7 galaxies appear more massive, with
lower specific star formation rates. However, corrections for this line
emission have been very difficult to perform reliably due to huge uncertainties
on the overall strength of such emission at z>~5.5. Here, we present the most
direct observational evidence yet for ubiquitous high-EW [OIII]+Hbeta line
emission in Lyman-break galaxies at z~7, while also presenting a strategy for
an improved measurement of the sSFR at z~7. We accomplish this through the
selection of bright galaxies in the narrow redshift window z~6.6-7.0 where the
IRAC 4.5 micron flux provides a clean measurement of the stellar continuum
light. Observed 4.5 micron fluxes in this window contrast with the 3.6 micron
fluxes which are contaminated by the prominent [OIII]+Hbeta lines. To ensure a
high S/N for our IRAC flux measurements, we consider only the brightest
(H_{160}<26 mag) magnified galaxies we have identified in CLASH and other
programs targeting galaxy clusters. Remarkably, the mean rest-frame optical
color for our bright seven-source sample is very blue, [3.6]-[4.5]=-0.9+/-0.3.
Such blue colors cannot be explained by the stellar continuum light and require
that the rest-frame EW of [OIII]+Hbeta be greater than 637 Angstroms for the
average source. The bluest four sources from our seven-source sample require an
even more extreme EW of 1582 Angstroms. Our derived lower limit for the mean
[OIII]+Hbeta EW could underestimate the true EW by ~2x based on a simple
modeling of the redshift distribution of our sources. We can also set a robust
lower limit of >~4 Gyr^-1 on the specific star formation rates based on the
mean SED for our seven-source sample. (abridged)


title: An azimuthal asymmetry in the LkHa 330 disk

abstract:
  Theory predicts that giant planets and low mass stellar companions shape
circumstellar disks by opening annular gaps in the gas and dust spatial
distribution. For more than a decade it has been debated whether this is the
dominant process that leads to the formation of transitional disks. In this
paper, we present millimeter-wave interferometric observations of the
transitional disk around the young intermediate mass star LkHa330. These
observations reveal a lopsided ring in the 1.3 mm dust thermal emission
characterized by a radius of about 100 AU and an azimuthal intensity variation
of a factor of 2. By comparing the observations with a Gaussian parametric
model, we find that the observed asymmetry is consistent with a circular arc,
that extends azimuthally by about 90 deg and emits about 1/3 of the total
continuum flux at 1.3 mm. Hydrodynamic simulations show that this structure is
similar to the azimuthal asymmetries in the disk surface density that might be
produced by the dynamical interaction with unseen low mass companions orbiting
within 70 AU from the central star. We argue that such asymmetries might lead
to azimuthal variations in the millimeter-wave dust opacity and in the dust
temperature, which will also affect the millimeter-wave continuum emission.
Alternative explanations for the observed asymmetry that do not require the
presence of companions cannot be ruled out with the existing data. Further
observations of both the dust and molecular gas emission are required to derive
firm conclusions on the origin of the asymmetry observed in the LkHa330 disk.


title:
The TRENDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey. IV. The Occurrence Rate of
  Giant Planets around M-Dwarfs

abstract:
  Doppler-based planet surveys have discovered numerous giant planets but are
incomplete beyond several AU. At larger star-planet separations, direct planet
detection through high-contrast imaging has proven successful, but this
technique is sensitive only to young planets and characterization relies upon
theoretical evolution models. Here we demonstrate that radial velocity
measurements and high-contrast imaging can be combined to overcome these
issues. The presence of widely separated companions can be deduced by
identifying an acceleration (long-term trend) in the radial velocity of a star.
By obtaining high spatial resolution follow-up imaging observations, we rule
out scenarios in which such accelerations are caused by stellar binary
companions with high statistical confidence. We report results from an analysis
of Doppler measurements of a sample of 111 M-dwarf stars with a median of 29
radial velocity observations over a median time baseline of 11.8 yr. By
targeting stars that exhibit a radial velocity acceleration ("trend") with
adaptive optics imaging, we determine that 6.5% +/- 3.0% of M-dwarf stars host
one or more massive companions with 1 < m/M_Jupiter < 13 and 0 < a < 20 AU.
These results are lower than analyses of the planet occurrence rate around
higher-mass stars. We find the giant planet occurrence rate is described by a
double power law in stellar mass M and metallicity F = [Fe/H] such that f(M,F)
= 0.039(+0.056,-0.028) M^(0.8(+1.1,-0.9)) 10^((3.8 +/- 1.2)F). Our results are
consistent with gravitational microlensing measurements of the planet
occurrence rate; this study represents the first model-independent comparison
with microlensing observations.


title: A lattice study of the jet quenching parameter

abstract:
  We present a first-principle computation of the jet quenching parameter,
which describes the momentum broadening of a high-energy parton moving through
the deconfined state of QCD matter at high temperature. Following an idea
originally proposed by Caron-Huot, we explain how one can evaluate the soft
contribution to the collision kernel characterizing this real-time phenomenon,
analyzing certain gauge-invariant operators in a dimensionally reduced
effective theory (electrostatic QCD), which can be studied non-perturbatively
via simulations on a Euclidean lattice. Our high-precision numerical
computations at two different temperatures indicate that soft contributions to
the jet quenching parameter are large. After discussing the systematic
uncertainties involved, we present a quantitative estimate for the jet
quenching parameter in the temperature range accessible at heavy-ion colliders,
and compare it to results from phenomenological models as well as to
strong-coupling computations based on the holographic correspondence.


title:
Discovery and redshift of an optical afterglow in 71 square degrees:
  iPTF13bxl and GRB 130702A

abstract:
  We report the discovery of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst (GRB)
130702A, identified upon searching 71 square degrees surrounding the Fermi
Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) localization. Discovered and characterized by the
intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), iPTF13bxl is the first afterglow
discovered solely based on a GBM localization. Real-time image subtraction,
machine learning, human vetting, and rapid response multi-wavelength follow-up
enabled us to quickly narrow a list of 27,004 optical transient candidates to a
single afterglow-like source. Detection of a new, fading X-ray source by Swift
and a radio counterpart by CARMA and the VLA confirmed the association between
iPTF13bxl and GRB 130702A. Spectroscopy with the Magellan and Palomar 200-inch
telescopes showed the afterglow to be at a redshift of z=0.145, placing GRB
130702A among the lowest redshift GRBs detected to date. The prompt gamma-ray
energy release and afterglow luminosity are intermediate between typical
cosmological GRBs and nearby sub-luminous events such as GRB 980425 and GRB
060218. The bright afterglow and emerging supernova offer an opportunity for
extensive panchromatic follow-up. Our discovery of iPTF13bxl demonstrates the
first observational proof-of-principle for ~10 Fermi-iPTF localizations
annually. Furthermore, it represents an important step towards overcoming the
challenges inherent in uncovering faint optical counterparts to comparably
localized gravitational wave events in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo era.


title:
SALT Long-slit Spectroscopy of Luminous Obscured Quasars: An Upper Limit
  on the Size of the Narrow-Line Region?

abstract:
  We present spatially resolved long-slit spectroscopy from the Southern
African Large Telescope (SALT) to examine the spatial extent of the narrow-line
regions (NLRs) of a sample of 8 luminous obscured quasars at 0.10 < z < 0.43.
Our results are consistent with an observed shallow slope in the relationship
between NLR size and L_[OIII], which has been interpreted to indicate that NLR
size is limited by the density and ionization state of the NLR gas rather than
the availability of ionizing photons. We also explore how the NLR size scales
with a more direct measure of instantaneous AGN power using mid-IR photometry
from WISE, which probes warm to hot dust near the central black hole and so,
unlike [OIII], does not depend on the properties of the NLR. Using our results
as well as samples from the literature, we obtain a power-law relationship
between NLR size and L_8micron that is significantly steeper than that observed
for NLR size and L_[OIII]. We find that the size of the NLR goes approximately
as L^(1/2)_8micron, as expected from the simple scenario of constant-density
clouds illuminated by a central ionizing source. We further see tentative
evidence for a flattening of the relationship between NLR size and L_8micron at
the high luminosity end, and propose that we are seeing a limiting NLR size of
10 - 20 kpc, beyond which the availability of gas to ionize becomes too low. We
find that L_[OIII] ~ L_8micron^(1.4), consistent with a picture in which the
L_[OIII] is dependent on the volume of the NLR. These results indicate that
high-luminosity quasars have a strong effect in ionizing the available gas in a
galaxy.


title:
Lupus I Observations from the 2010 Flight of the Balloon-borne Large
  Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry

abstract:
  The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry
(BLASTPol) was created by adding polarimetric capability to the BLAST
experiment that was flown in 2003, 2005, and 2006. BLASTPol inherited BLAST's
1.8 m primary and its Herschel/SPIRE heritage focal plane that allows
simultaneous observation at 250, 350, and 500 {\mu}m. We flew BLASTPol in 2010
and again in 2012. Both were long duration Antarctic flights. Here we present
polarimetry of the nearby filamentary dark cloud Lupus I obtained during the
2010 flight. Despite limitations imposed by the effects of a damaged optical
component, we were able to clearly detect submillimeter polarization on degree
scales. We compare the resulting BLASTPol magnetic field map with a similar map
made via optical polarimetry (The optical data were published in 1998 by J.
Rizzo and collaborators.). The two maps partially overlap and are reasonably
consistent with one another. We compare these magnetic field maps to the
orientations of filaments in Lupus I, and we find that the dominant filament in
the cloud is approximately perpendicular to the large-scale field, while
secondary filaments appear to run parallel to the magnetic fields in their
vicinities. This is similar to what is observed in Serpens South via near-IR
polarimetry, and consistent with what is seen in MHD simulations by F. Nakamura
and Z. Li.


title:
The environment of bright QSOs at z ~ 6: Star forming galaxies and X-ray
  emission

abstract:
  We employ cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to investigate models in
which the supermassive black holes (BHs) powering luminous z ~ 6 QSOs grow from
massive seeds. We simulate at high resolution 18 fields sampling regions with
densities ranging from the mean cosmic density all the way to the highest sigma
peaks in the Millennium simulation volume. Only in the most massive halos, BHs
can grow to masses up to ~ 10^9 Msun by z ~ 6 without invoking super-Eddington
accretion. Accretion onto the most massive BHs becomes limited by thermal AGN
feedback by z ~ 9-8 with further BH growth proceeding in short Eddington
limited bursts. Our modelling suggests that current flux-limited surveys of
QSOs at high redshift preferentially detect objects at their peak luminosity
and therefore miss a substantial population of QSOs powered by similarly
massive BHs but with low accretion rates. To test whether the required host
halo masses are consistent with the observed galaxy environment of z ~ 6 QSOs,
we produce realistic rest-frame UV images of our simulated galaxies. Without
strong stellar feedback, our simulations predict numbers of bright galaxies
larger than observed by a factor ten or more. Supernova-driven galactic winds
reduce the predicted numbers to a level consistent with observations indicating
that stellar feedback was already very efficient at high redshifts. We have
further investigated the effect of thermal AGN feedback on the surrounding gas.
Our adopted AGN feedback prescription drives mostly energy-driven highly
anisotropic outflows with gas speeds of >= 1000 km/s to distances of >= 10 kpc
consistent with observations. The spatially extended thermal X-ray emission
around bright QSOs powered by these outflows can exceed by large factors the
emission expected without AGN feedback and is an important diagnostic of the
mechanism whereby AGN feedback energy couples to surrounding gas.


title:
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy for the quantum-optics
  enthusiast

abstract:
  Recent interest in the role of quantum mechanics in the primary events of
photosynthetic energy transfer has led to a convergence of nonlinear optical
spectroscopy and quantum optics on the topic of energy-transfer dynamics in
pigment-protein complexes. The convergence of these two communities has
unveiled a mismatch between the background and terminology of the respective
fields. To make connections, we provide a pedagogical guide to understanding
the basics of two-dimensional electronic spectra aimed at researchers with a
background in quantum optics.


title: A Skyrme-like model with an exact BPS bound

abstract:
  We propose a new Skyrme-like model with fields taking values on the sphere
S^3 or, equivalently, on the group SU(2). The action of the model contains a
quadratic kinetic term plus a quartic term which is the same as that of the
Skyrme-Faddeev model. The novelty of the model is that it possess a first order
Bogomolny type equation whose solutions automatically satisfy the second order
Euler-Lagrange equations. It also possesses a lower bound on the static energy
which is saturated by the Bogomolny solutions. Such Bogomolny equation is
equivalent to the so-called force free equation used in plasma and solar
Physics, and which possesses large classes of solutions. An old result due to
Chandrasekhar prevents the existence of finite energy solutions for the force
free equation on the entire tridimensional space R^3. We construct new exact
finite energy solutions to the Bogomolny equations for the case where the space
is the three-sphere S^3, using toroidal like coordinates.

categories: hep-th astro-ph.SR math-ph math.MP nlin.SI physics.plasm-ph


title: Asymptotic Expansion of Gaussian Chaos via Probabilistic Approach

abstract:
  For a centered $d$-dimensional Gaussian random vector $\xi
=(\xi_1,\ldots,\xi_d)$ and a homogeneous function $h:R^d\to R$ we derive
asymptotic expansions for the tail of the Gaussian chaos $h(\xi)$ given the
function $h$ is sufficiently smooth. Three challenging instances of the
Gaussian chaos are the determinant of a Gaussian matrix, the Gaussian
orthogonal ensemble and the diameter of random Gaussian clouds. Using a direct
probabilistic asymptotic method, we investigate both the asymptotic behaviour
of the tail distribution of $h(\xi)$ and its density at infinity and then
discuss possible extensions for some general $\xi$ with polar representation.


title: Non-Supersymmetric F-Theory Compactifications on Spin(7) Manifolds

abstract:
  We propose a novel approach to obtain non-supersymmetric four-dimensional
effective actions by considering F-theory on manifolds with special holonomy
Spin(7). To perform such studies we suggest that a duality relating M-theory on
a certain class of Spin(7) manifolds with F-theory on the same manifolds times
an interval exists. The Spin(7) geometries under consideration are constructed
as quotients of elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds by an
anti-holomorphic and isometric involution. The three-dimensional minimally
supersymmetric effective action of M-theory on a general Spin(7) manifold with
fluxes is determined and specialized to the aforementioned geometries. This
effective theory is compared with an interval Kaluza-Klein reduction of a
non-supersymmetric four-dimensional theory with definite boundary conditions
for all fields. Using this strategy a minimal set of couplings of the
four-dimensional low-energy effective actions is obtained in terms of the
Spin(7) geometric data. We also discuss briefly the string interpretation in
the Type IIB weak coupling limit.


title:
Releasing half-quantum vortices via the coupling of spin polarization,
  charge- and spin-current

abstract:
  Motivated by recent experiments observing half-integer flux quanta in
mesoscopic loops of superconducting Sr2RuO4, a theory is developed based on a
"d-soliton", a topological defect of spin-triplet superconductors involving a
change of the spin configuration. A phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau free
energy is given which allows to describe such a soliton yielding a half-integer
flux quantum inside a loop, assuming a chiral p-wave superconducting phase. The
d-soliton couples to spin polarization perpendicular to the loop axis, which
allows to reduce the energy of the d-soliton, fitting well to the experimental
findings. The origin of this coupling lies in the combination of spin and
charge current within the d-soliton generating a spin polarization analogous to
a spin Hall effect. The effect of Fermi liquid corrections is discussed, in
particular, in view of the spatial extension of the d-soliton and the
energetics in comparison with a standard integer flux state.


title: Direct Evaluation of the Helium Abundances in Omega Centauri

abstract:
  A direct measure of the helium abundances from the near-infrared transition
of He I at 1.08 micron is obtained for two nearly identical red giant stars in
the globular cluster Omega Centauri. One star exhibits the He I line; the line
is weak or absent in the other star. Detailed non-LTE semi-empirical models
including expansion in spherical geometry are developed to match the
chromospheric H-alpha, H-beta, and Ca II K lines, in order to predict the
helium profile and derive a helium abundance. The red giant spectra suggest a
helium abundance of Y less than or equal 0.22 (LEID 54064) and Y=0.39-0.44
(LEID 54084) corresponding to a difference in the abundance Delta Y greater or
equal than 0.17.Helium is enhanced in the giant star (LEID 54084) that also
contains enhanced aluminum and magnesium. This direct evaluation of the helium
abundances gives observational support to the theoretical conjecture that
multiple populations harbor enhanced helium in addition to light elements that
are products of high-temperature hydrogen burning. We demonstrate that the 1.08
micron He I line can yield a helium abundance in cool stars when constraints on
the semi-empirical chromospheric model are provided by other spectroscopic
features.


title:
Icezones instead of firewalls: extended entanglement beyond the event
  horizon and unitary evaporation of a black hole

abstract:
  We examine the basic assumptions in the original setup of the firewall
paradox. The main claim is that a single mode of the lathe radiation is
maximally entangled with the mode inside the horizon and simultaneously with
the modes of early Hawking radiation. We argue that this situation never
happens during the evolution of a black hole. Quantum mechanics tells us that
while the black hole exists, unitary evolution maximally entangles a late mode
located just outside the horizon with a combination of early radiation and
black hole states, instead of either of them separately. One of the reasons for
this is that the black hole radiation is not random and strongly depends on the
geometry and charge of the black hole, as detailed numerical calculations of
Hawking evaporation clearly show. As a consequence, one can't factor out the
state of the black hole. However, this extended entanglement between the black
hole and modes of early and late radiation indicates that, as the black hole
ages, the local Rindler horizon is modified out to macroscopic distances from
the black hole. Fundamentally non-local physics nor firewalls are not necessary
to explain this result. We propose an infrared mechanism called {\it icezone}
that is mediated by low energy interacting modes and acts near any event
horizon to entangle states separated by long distances. These interactions at
first provide small corrections to the thermal Hawking radiation. At the end of
evaporation however the effect of interactions is as large as the Hawking
radiation and information is recovered for an outside observer. We verify this
in an explicit construction and calculation of the density matrix of a spin
model.


title: Cubic Hecke Algebras and Invariants of Transversal Links

abstract:
  We propose a purely algebraic approach to construct invariants of transversal
links in the standard contact structure on the 3-sphere generalizing Jones'
approach to invariant of usual links. The only geometry used is the analogue of
Alexander and Markov theorems. More precisely, we construct a trace on a
certain cubic Hecke algebra which is invariant under positive Markov moves only
(we propose to call it a semi-Markov trace). The trace takes its values in the
quotient of a polynomial ring by a certain ideal. An algorithm for computing a
Groebner base of the ideal is given.


title: Distribution of the Height of Local Maxima of Gaussian Random Fields

abstract:
  Let $\{f(t): t\in T\}$ be a smooth Gaussian random field over a parameter
space $T$, where $T$ may be a subset of Euclidean space or, more generally, a
Riemannian manifold. For any local maximum of $f(t)$ located at $t_0$ in the
interior of $T$, we provide general formulae and asymptotic approximations for
both the tail distribution of the height of a local maximum
$\mathbb{P}\{f(t_0)>u | t_0 \text{is a local maximum of} f(t) \}$ and the
overshoot distribution of a local maximum $\mathbb{P}\{f(t_0)>u+v | t_0
\text{is a local maximum of} f(t) \text{and} f(t_0)>v\}$. Assuming further that
$f$ is isotropic, we apply techniques from random matrix theory related to the
Gaussian orthogonal ensemble to compute such conditional probabilities
explicitly when $T$ is Euclidean or a sphere of arbitrary dimension. Such
calculations are motivated by the statistical problem of detecting peaks in the
presence of smooth Gaussian noise.


title:
The UVES Large Program for Testing Fundamental Physics II: Constraints
  on a Change in {\mu} Towards Quasar HE 0027-1836

abstract:
  We present an accurate analysis of the H2 absorption lines from the zabs ~
2.4018 damped Ly{\alpha} system towards HE 0027-1836 observed with the Very
Large Telescope Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (VLT/UVES) as a
part of the European Southern Observatory Large Programme "The UVES large
programme for testing fundamental physics" to constrain the variation of
proton-to-electron mass ratio, {\mu} = mp/me. We perform cross-correlation
analysis between 19 individual exposures taken over three years and the
combined spectrum to check the wavelength calibration stability. We notice the
presence of a possible wavelength dependent velocity drift especially in the
data taken in 2012. We use available asteroids spectra taken with UVES close to
our observations to confirm and quantify this effect. We consider single and
two component Voigt profiles to model the observed H2 absorption profiles. We
use both linear regression analysis and Voigt profile fitting where
{\Delta}{\mu}/{\mu} is explicitly considered as an additional fitting
parameter. The two component model is marginally favored by the statistical
indicators and we get {\Delta}{\mu}/{\mu} = (-2.5 +/- 8.1(stat) +/- 6.2(sys))
ppm. When we apply the correction to the wavelength dependent velocity drift we
find {\Delta}{\mu}/{\mu} = (-7.6 +/- 8.1(stat) +/- 6.3(sys)) ppm. It will be
important to check the extent to which the velocity drift we notice in this
study is present in UVES data used for previous {\Delta}{\mu}/{\mu}
measurements.


title: On the presentation of the LHC Higgs Results

abstract:
  We put forth conclusions and suggestions regarding the presentation of the
LHC Higgs results that may help to maximize their impact and their utility to
the whole High Energy Physics community.


title:
RNGSSELIB: Program library for random number generation. More
  generators, parallel streams of random numbers and Fortran compatibility

abstract:
  In this update, we present the new version of the random number generator
(RNG) library RNGSSELIB, which, in particular, contains fast SSE realizations
of a number of modern and most reliable generators \cite{RNGSSELIB1}. The new
features are: i) Fortran compatibility and examples of using the library in
Fortran; ii) new modern and reliable generators; iii) the abilities to jump
ahead inside RNG sequence and to initialize up to $10^{19}$ independent random
number streams with block splitting method.


title:
CLASH-VLT: The mass, velocity-anisotropy, and pseudo-phase-space density
  profiles of the z=0.44 galaxy cluster MACS 1206.2-0847

abstract:
  We use an unprecedented data-set of about 600 redshifts for cluster members,
obtained as part of a VLT/VIMOS large programme, to constrain the mass profile
of the z=0.44 cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 over the radial range 0-5 Mpc (0-2.5
virial radii) using the MAMPOSSt and Caustic methods. We then add external
constraints from our previous gravitational lensing analysis. We invert the
Jeans equation to obtain the velocity-anisotropy profiles of cluster members.
With the mass-density and velocity-anisotropy profiles we then obtain the first
determination of a cluster pseudo-phase-space density profile. The kinematics
and lensing determinations of the cluster mass profile are in excellent
agreement. This is very well fitted by a NFW model with mass M200=(1.4 +- 0.2)
10^15 Msun and concentration c200=6 +- 1, only slightly higher than theoretical
expectations. Other mass profile models also provide acceptable fits to our
data, of (slightly) lower (Burkert, Hernquist, and Softened Isothermal Sphere)
or comparable (Einasto) quality than NFW. The velocity anisotropy profiles of
the passive and star-forming cluster members are similar, close to isotropic
near the center and increasingly radial outside. Passive cluster members follow
extremely well the theoretical expectations for the pseudo-phase-space density
profile and the relation between the slope of the mass-density profile and the
velocity anisotropy. Star-forming cluster members show marginal deviations from
theoretical expectations. This is the most accurate determination of a cluster
mass profile out to a radius of 5 Mpc, and the only determination of the
velocity-anisotropy and pseudo-phase-space density profiles of both passive and
star-forming galaxies for an individual cluster [abridged]


title: The importance of being warm (during inflation)

abstract:
  The amplitude of primordial curvature perturbations is enhanced when a
radiation bath at a temperature T>H is sustained during inflation by
dissipative particle production, which is particularly significant when a
non-trivial statistical ensemble of inflaton fluctuations is also maintained.
Since gravitational modes are oblivious to dissipative dynamics, this
generically lowers the tensor-to-scalar ratio and yields a modified consistency
relation for warm inflation, as well as changing the tilt of the scalar
spectrum. We show that this alters the landscape of observationally allowed
inflationary models, with for example the quartic chaotic potential being in
very good agreement with the Planck results for nearly-thermal inflaton
fluctuations, whilst essentially ruled out for an underlying vacuum state. We
also discuss other simple models that are in agreement with the Planck data
within a renormalizable model of warm inflation.


title:
PRAND: GPU accelerated parallel random number generation library: Using
  most reliable algorithms and applying parallelism of modern GPUs and CPUs

abstract:
  The library PRAND for pseudorandom number generation for modern CPUs and GPUs
is presented. It contains both single-threaded and multi-threaded realizations
of a number of modern and most reliable generators recently proposed and
studied in [1,2,3,4,5] and the efficient SIMD realizations proposed in [6]. One
of the useful features for using PRAND in parallel simulations is the ability
to initialize up to $10^{19}$ independent streams. Using massive parallelism of
modern GPUs and SIMD parallelism of modern CPUs substantially improves
performance of the generators.


title: Square Deal: Lower Bounds and Improved Relaxations for Tensor Recovery

abstract:
  Recovering a low-rank tensor from incomplete information is a recurring
problem in signal processing and machine learning. The most popular convex
relaxation of this problem minimizes the sum of the nuclear norms of the
unfoldings of the tensor. We show that this approach can be substantially
suboptimal: reliably recovering a $K$-way tensor of length $n$ and Tucker rank
$r$ from Gaussian measurements requires $\Omega(r n^{K-1})$ observations. In
contrast, a certain (intractable) nonconvex formulation needs only $O(r^K +
nrK)$ observations. We introduce a very simple, new convex relaxation, which
partially bridges this gap. Our new formulation succeeds with $O(r^{\lfloor K/2
\rfloor}n^{\lceil K/2 \rceil})$ observations. While these results pertain to
Gaussian measurements, simulations strongly suggest that the new norm also
outperforms the sum of nuclear norms for tensor completion from a random subset
of entries.
  Our lower bound for the sum-of-nuclear-norms model follows from a new result
on recovering signals with multiple sparse structures (e.g. sparse, low rank),
which perhaps surprisingly demonstrates the significant suboptimality of the
commonly used recovery approach via minimizing the sum of individual sparsity
inducing norms (e.g. $l_1$, nuclear norm). Our new formulation for low-rank
tensor recovery however opens the possibility in reducing the sample complexity
by exploiting several structures jointly.


title:
Transport behavior and electronic structure of phase pure VO2 thin films
  grown on c-plane sapphire under different O2 partial pressure

abstract:
  We grew highly textured phase pure VO2 thin films on c-plane Al2O3 substrates
with different oxygen partial pressure. X-ray absorption and photoemission
spectroscopy confirm the identical valence state of vanadium ions despite the
different oxygen pressure during the deposition. As the O2 flow rate increases,
the [010] lattice parameter for monoclinic VO2 was reduced and coincidently
distinctive changes in the metal- semiconductor transition (MST) and transport
behaviors were observed despite the identical valence state of vanadium in
these samples. We discuss the effect of the oxygen partial pressure on the
monoclinic structure and electronic structure of VO2, and consequently the MST.


title: Kondo effect of cobalt adatom on zigzag graphene nanoribbon

abstract:
  Based on ab-initio calculations we discuss Kondo effect due to Co adatom on
graphene zigzag nanoribbon. Co atom located at hollow site behaves as spin S =
1/2 impurity with dxz and dyz orbitals contributing to magnetic moment.
Dynamical correlations are analyzed with the use of complementary
approximations: mean field slave boson approach, noncrossing approximation and
equation of motion method. The impact of interplay between spin and orbital
degrees of freedom together with the effect of peculiarities of electronic and
magnetic structure of nanoribbon on many-body resonances is examined.


title: Asymptotic freedom, asymptotic flatness and cosmology

abstract:
  Holographic RG flows in some cases are known to be related to cosmological
solutions. In this paper another example of such correspondence is provided.
Holographic RG flows giving rise to asymptotically-free $\beta$-functions have
been analyzed in connection with holographic models of QCD. They are shown upon
Wick rotation to provide a large class of inflationary models with
logarithmically-soft inflaton potentials. The scalar spectral index is
universal and depends only on the number of e-foldings. The ratio of tensor to
scalar power depends on the single extra real parameter that defines this class
of models. The Starobinsky inflationary model as well as the recently proposed
models of T-inflation are members of this class. The holographic setup gives a
completely new (and contrasting) view to the stability, naturalness and other
problems of such inflationary models.


title:
Simultaneous follow-up of planetary transits: revised physical
  properties for the planetary systems HAT-P-16 and WASP-21

abstract:
  Context. By now more than 300 planets transiting their host star have been
found, and much effort is being put into measuring the properties of each
system. Light curves of planetary transits often contain deviations from a
simple transit shape, and it is generally difficult to differentiate between
anomalies of astrophysical nature (e.g. starspots) and correlated noise due to
instrumental or atmospheric effects. Our solution is to observe transit events
simultaneously with two telescopes located at different observatories. Aims.
Using this observational strategy, we look for anomalies in the light curves of
two transiting planetary systems and accurately estimate their physical
parameters. Methods. We present the first photometric follow-up of the
transiting planet HAT-P-16 b, and new photometric observations of WASP-21 b,
obtained simultaneously with two medium-class telescopes located in different
countries, using the telescope defocussing technique. We modeled these and
other published data in order to estimate the physical parameters of the two
planetary systems. Results. The simultaneous observations did not highlight
particular features in the light curves, which is consistent with the low
activity levels of the two stars. For HAT-P-16, we calculated a new ephemeris
and found that the planet is 1.3 \sigma colder and smaller (Rb = 1.190 \pm
0.037 RJup) than the initial estimates, suggesting the presence of a massive
core. Our physical parameters for this system point towards a younger age than
previously thought. The results obtained for WASP-21 reveal lower values for
the mass and the density of the planet (by 1.0 \sigma and 1.4 \sigma
respectively) with respect to those found in the discovery paper, in agreement
with a subsequent study. We found no evidence of any transit timing variations
in either system.


title:
New Confidence Intervals and Bias Comparisons Show that Maximum
  Likelihood Can Beat Multiple Imputation in Small Samples

abstract:
  When analyzing incomplete data, is it better to use multiple imputation (MI)
or full information maximum likelihood (ML)? In large samples ML is clearly
better, but in small samples ML's usefulness has been limited because ML
commonly uses normal test statistics and confidence intervals that require
large samples. We propose small-sample t-based ML confidence intervals that
have good coverage and are shorter than t-based confidence intervals under MI.
We also show that ML point estimates are less biased and more efficient than MI
point estimates in small samples of bivariate normal data. With our new
confidence intervals, ML should be preferred over MI, even in small samples,
whenever both options are available.


title: Selfdecomposability, perpetuity and stopping times

abstract:
  In the probability theory limit distributions (or probability measures) are
often characterized by some convolution equations (factorization properties)
rather than by Fourier transforms (the characteristic functionals). In fact,
usually the later follows the first one. Equations, in question, involve the
multiplication by the positive scalars $c$ or an action of the corresponding
dilation $T_{c}$ on measures. In such a setting, it seems that there is no way
for stopping times (or in general, for the stochastic analysis) to come into
the "picture". However, if one accepts the view that the primary objective, in
the classical limit distributions theory, is to describe the limiting
distributions (or random variables) by the tools of random
integrals/functionals then one can use the stopping times. In this paper we
illustrate such a possibility in the case of selfdecomposability random
variables (i.e. L\'evy class L) with values in a real separable Banach space.
Also some applications of our approach to perpetuity laws are presented; cf.
\cite{Du1}, \cite{ED1}, \cite{GG1}. In fact, we show that all selfdecomposable
distributions are perpetuity laws.


title: M5 brane and four dimensional N=1 theories I

abstract:
  Four dimensional N=1 theories are engineered by compactifying six dimensional
(2,0) theory on a Riemann surface with regular punctures. A generalized
Hitchin's equation involving two Higgs fields is proposed as the BPS equation
for N=1 compactification. The puncture is interpreted as the singular boundary
condition of this equation, and regular puncture is shown to be labeled by a
nilpotent commuting pair. In this paper, we focus on a subset of regular
puncture which is described by rotating branes representing N=2 puncture. As an
application, we show that the Seiberg duality of SU(N) SQCD with Nf=2N and
certain superpotential term is realized as different degeneration limits of the
same punctured Riemann surface, and also find four more dual theories.


title: Motor function in interpolar microtubules during metaphase

abstract:
  We analyze experimental observations of microtubules undergoing small
fluctuations about a "balance point" when mixed in solution of two different
kinesin motor proteins, KLP61F and Ncd. It has been proposed that the
microtubule movement is due to stochastic variations in the densities of the
two species of motor proteins. We test this hypothesis here by showing how it
maps onto a one-dimensional random walk in a random environment. Our estimate
of the amplitude of the fluctuations agrees with experimental observations. We
point out that there is an initial transient in the position of the microtubule
where it will typically move of order its own length. We compare the physics of
this gliding assay to a recent theory of the role of antagonistic motors on
restricting interpolar microtubule sliding of a cell's mitotic spindle during
prometaphase. It is concluded that randomly positioned antagonistic motors can
restrict relative movement of microtubules, however they do so imperfectly. A
variation in motor concentrations is also analyzed and shown to lead to greater
control of spindle length.


title:
Ellipsometry with polarisation analysis at cryogenic temperatures inside
  a vacuum chamber

abstract:
  In this paper we describe a new variant of null ellipsometry to determine
thicknesses and optical properties of thin films on a substrate at cryogenic
temperatures. In the PCSA arrangement of ellipsometry the polarizer and the
compensator are placed before the substrate and the analyzer after it. Usually,
the polarizer and the analyzer are rotated to find the intensity minimum
searched for in null ellipsometry. In our variant we rotate the polarizer and
the compensator instead, both being placed in the incoming beam before the
substrate. Therefore the polarization analysis of the reflected beam can be
realized by an analyzer at fixed orientation. We developed this method for
investigations of thin cryogenic films inside a vacuum chamber, where the
analyzer and detector had to be placed inside the cold shield at a temperature
of T approx. 90K close to the substrate. All other optical components were
installed at the incoming beam line outside the vacuum chamber, including all
components which need to be rotated during the measurements. Our null
ellipsometry variant has been tested with condensed krypton films on a highly
oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate (HOPG) at a temperature of T approx. 25K.
We show that it is possible to determine the indices of refraction of condensed
krypton and of the HOPG substrate as well as thickness of krypton films with
reasonable accuracy.


title: Mensky's path integral and photon mass

abstract:
  It is commonly assumed that zero and non-zero photon mass would lead to
qualitatively different physics. For example, massless photon has two
polarization degrees of freedom, while massive photon at least three. This
feature seems counter-intuitive. In this paper we will show that if we change
propagator by setting $i \epsilon$ (needed to avoid poles) to a finite value,
and also introduce it in a way that breaks Lawrentz symmetry, then we would
obtain the continuous transition we desire once the speed of the photons is
"large enough" with respect to "preferred" frame. The two transverse
polarization degrees of freedom will be long lived, while longitudinal will be
short lived. Their lifetime will be near-zero if $m \ll \sqrt{\epsilon}$, which
is where the properties of two circular polarizations arize. The $i \epsilon$
corresponds to the intensity of Mensky's "continuous measurement" and the short
lifetime of the longitudinal photons can be understood as the "conversion" of
quantum degrees of freedom (photons) into "classical" ones by the measurement
device (thus getting rid of the former). While the "classical" trajectory of
the longitudinal photons does arize, it plays no physical role due to quantum
Zeno effect: intuitively, it is similar to an electron being kept at a ground
state due to continuous measurement.


title: A Remark on the Structure of Expectiles

abstract:
  Expectiles were defined using a minimisation principle. They form a special
class of coherent risk measures. We will describe the scenario set and we will
show that there is a most severe commonotonic risk measure that is smaller than
the given expectile.


title:
Scattering for the Klein-Gordon equation with quadratic and variable
  coefficient cubic nonlinearities

abstract:
  We study the 1D Klein-Gordon equation with variable coefficient cubic
nonlinearity. This problem exhibits a striking resonant interaction between the
spatial frequencies of the nonlinear coefficients and the temporal oscillations
of the solutions. In the case where the worst of this resonant behavior is
absent, we prove L-Infinity scattering as well as a certain kind of strong
smoothness for the solution at time-like infinity with the help of several new
normal-forms transformations. Some explicit examples are also given which
suggest qualitatively different behavior in the case where the strongest cubic
resonances are present.


title:
"Some $m$th-order Difference Sequence Spaces of Generalized Means and
  Compact Operators"

abstract:
  In this paper, new sequence spaces $X(r, s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$ for $X\in
\{l_\infty, c, c_0\}$ defined by using generalized means and difference
operator of order $m$ are introduced. It is shown that these spaces are
complete normed linear spaces and the spaces $c_0(r, s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$,
$c(r, s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$ have Schauder basis. Furthermore, the $\alpha$-,
$\beta$-, $\gamma$- duals of these spaces are computed and also obtained
necessary and sufficient conditions for some matrix transformations from $X(r,
s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$ to $X$. Finally, some classes of compact operators on the
spaces $c_0(r, s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$ and $l_{\infty}(r, s, t ;\Delta^{(m)})$ are
characterized by using the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness.


title:
Some Paranormed Difference Sequence Spaces Derived by Using Generalized
  Means

abstract:
  This paper presents new sequence spaces $X(r, s, t, p ;\Delta)$ for $X \in
\{l_\infty(p), c(p), c_0(p), l(p)\}$ defined by using generalized means and
difference operator. It is shown that these spaces are complete under a
suitable paranorm. Furthermore, the $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, $\gamma$- duals of
these sequence spaces are computed and also obtained necessary and sufficient
conditions for some matrix transformations from $X(r, s, t, p ;\Delta)$ to $X$.
Finally, it is proved that the sequence space $l(r, s, t, p ;\Delta)$ is rotund
when $p_n>1$ for all $n$ and has the Kadec-Klee property.


title: Linking covariant and canonical LQG II: Spin foam projector

abstract:
  In a seminal paper, Kaminski, Kisielowski an Lewandowski for the first time
extended the definition of spin foam models to arbitrary boundary graphs. This
is a prerequisite in order to make contact to the canonical formulation of Loop
Quantum Gravity (LQG) whose Hilbert space contains all these graphs. This makes
it finally possible to investigate the question whether any of the presently
considered spin foam models yields a rigging map for any of the presently
defined Hamiltonian constraint operators.
  In the analysis of this would-be spin foam rigging map we are able to
identify an elementary spin foam transfer matrix that allows to generate any
finite foam as a finite power of the transfer matrix. However, it transpires
that the resulting object, as written, does not define a projector on the
physical Hilbert space. This statement is independent of the concrete spin foam
model and Hamiltonian constraint. Nevertehless, the transfer matrix potentially
contains the necessary ingredient in order to construct a proper rigging map in
terms of a modified transfer matrix.


title:
A model for effective interactions in binary colloidal systems of soft
  particles

abstract:
  While the density functional theory with integral equations techniques are
very efficient tools in numerical analysis of complex fluids, an analytical
insight into the phenomenon of effective interactions is still limited. In this
paper we propose a theory of binary systems which results in a relatively
simple analytical expression combining arbitrary microscopic potentials into
the effective interaction. The derivation is based on translating many particle
Hamiltonian including particle-depletant and depletant-depletant interactions
into the occupation field language. Such transformation turns the partition
function into multiple Gaussian integrals, regardless of what microscopic
potentials are chosen. In result, we calculate the effective Hamiltonian and
discuss when our formula is a dominant contribution to the effective
interactions. Our theory allows us to analytically reproduce several important
characteristics of systems under scrutiny. In particular, we analyze the
effective attraction as a demixing factor in the binary systems of Gaussian
particles, effective interactions in the binary mixtures of Yukawa particles
and the system of particles consisting of both repulsive core and
attractive/repulsive Yukawa interaction tail, for which we reproduce the
'attraction-through-repulsion' and 'repulsion-through-attraction' effects.


title: p-adic interpolation of iterates

abstract:
  Extending work of Bell and of Bell, Ghioca, and Tucker, we prove that for a
p-adic analytic self-map f on a closed unit polydisk, if every coefficient of
f(x)-x has valuation greater than that of p^{1/(p-1)}, then the iterates of f
can be p-adically interpolated; i.e., there exists a function g(x,n) analytic
in both x and n such that g(x,n) = f^n(x) whenever n is a nonnegative integer.


title:
Remnant massive neutron stars of binary neutron star mergers: Evolution
  process and gravitational waveform

abstract:
  Massive (hypermassive and supramassive) neutron stars are likely to be often
formed after the merger of binary neutron stars. We explore the evolution
process of the remnant massive neutron stars and gravitational waves emitted by
them, based on numerical-relativity simulations for binary neutron star mergers
employing a variety of equations of state and choosing a plausible range of the
neutron-star mass of binaries. We show that the lifetime of remnant
hypermassive neutron stars depends strongly on the total binary mass and also
on the equations of state. Gravitational waves emitted by the remnant massive
neutron stars universally have a quasiperiodic nature of an approximately
constant frequency although the frequency varies with time. We also show that
the frequency and time-variation feature of gravitational waves depend strongly
on the equations of state. We derive a fitting formula for the quasiperiodic
gravitational waveforms, which may be used for the data analysis of a
gravitational-wave signal.


title: Equation Problem over central extensions of hyperbolic groups

abstract:
  The Equation Problem in finitely presented groups asks if there exists an
algorithm which determines in finite amount of time whether any given equation
system has a solution or not. We show that the Equation Problem in central
extensions of hyperbolic groups is solvable.


title: Chirality and principal graph obstructions

abstract:
  Determining which bipartite graphs can be principal graphs of subfactors is
an important and difficult question in subfactor theory. Using only planar
algebra techniques, we prove a triple point obstruction which generalizes all
known initial triple point obstructions to possible principal graphs. We also
prove a similar quadruple point obstruction with the same technique. Using our
obstructions, we eliminate some infinite families of possible principal graphs
with initial triple and quadruple points which were a major hurdle in extending
subfactor classification results above index 5.


title: Quantum Synchronization of Two Ensembles of Atoms

abstract:
  We propose a system for observing the correlated phase dynamics of two
mesoscopic ensembles of atoms through their collective coupling to an optical
cavity. We find a dynamical quantum phase transition induced by pump noise and
cavity output-coupling. The spectral properties of the superradiant light
emitted from the cavity show that at a critical pump rate the system undergoes
a transition from the independent behavior of two disparate oscillators to the
phase-locking that is the signature of quantum synchronization.


title:
Error suppression and error correction in adiabatic quantum computation
  II: non-equilibrium dynamics

abstract:
  While adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) has some robustness to noise and
decoherence it is widely believed that encoding, error suppression and error
correction will be required to scale AQC to large problem sizes. Previous works
have established at least two different techniques for error suppression in
AQC. In this paper we derive a model for describing the dynamics of encoded AQC
and show that previous constructions for error suppression can be unified with
this dynamical model. In addition the model clarifies the mechanisms of error
suppression and allow identification of its weaknesses. In the second half of
the paper we utilize our description of non-equilibrium dynamics in encoded AQC
to construct methods for error correction in AQC by cooling local degrees of
freedom (qubits). While this is shown to be possible in principle, we also
identify the key challenge to this approach: the requirement of high-weight
Hamiltonians. Finally, we use our dynamical model to perform a simplified
thermal stability analysis of concatenated-stabilizer-code encoded many-body
systems for AQC or quantum memories.
  This work is a companion paper to "\textit{Error suppression and error
correction in adiabatic quantum computation I: techniques and challenges}"
(Phys. Rev. X, 3, 041013 (2013)), which provides a quantum information
perspective on the techniques and limitations of error suppression and
correction in AQC. In this paper we couch the same results within a dynamical
framework, which allows for detailed analysis of the non-equilibrium dynamics
of error suppression and correction in encoded AQC.


title:
Error suppression and error correction in adiabatic quantum computation
  I: techniques and challenges

abstract:
  Adiabatic quantum computation (AQC) is known to possess some intrinsic
robustness, though it is likely that some form of error correction will be
necessary for large scale computations. Error handling routines developed for
circuit-model quantum computation do not transfer easily to the AQC model since
these routines typically require high-quality quantum gates, a resource not
generally allowed in AQC. There are two main techniques known to suppress
errors during an AQC implementation: energy gap protection and dynamical
decoupling. Here we show that both these methods are intimately related and can
be analyzed within the same formalism. We analyze the effectiveness of such
error suppression techniques and identify critical constraints on the
performance of error suppression in AQC, suggesting that error suppression by
itself is insufficient for large-scale, fault-tolerant AQC and that a form of
error correction is needed. We discuss progress towards implementing error
correction in AQC and enumerate several key outstanding problems.
  This work is a companion paper to "Error suppression and error correction in
adiabatic quantum computation II: non-equilibrium dynamics"', which provides a
dynamical model perspective on the techniques and limitations of error
suppression and error correction in AQC. In this paper we discuss the same
results within a quantum information framework, permitting an intuitive
discussion of error suppression and correction in encoded AQC.


title: MIRAGE: An Iterative MapReduce based FrequentSubgraph Mining Algorithm

abstract:
  Frequent subgraph mining (FSM) is an important task for exploratory data
analysis on graph data. Over the years, many algorithms have been proposed to
solve this task. These algorithms assume that the data structure of the mining
task is small enough to fit in the main memory of a computer. However, as the
real-world graph data grows, both in size and quantity, such an assumption does
not hold any longer. To overcome this, some graph database-centric methods have
been proposed in recent years for solving FSM; however, a distributed solution
using MapReduce paradigm has not been explored extensively. Since, MapReduce is
becoming the de- facto paradigm for computation on massive data, an efficient
FSM algorithm on this paradigm is of huge demand. In this work, we propose a
frequent subgraph mining algorithm called MIRAGE which uses an iterative
MapReduce based framework. MIRAGE is complete as it returns all the frequent
subgraphs for a given user-defined support, and it is efficient as it applies
all the optimizations that the latest FSM algorithms adopt. Our experiments
with real life and large synthetic datasets validate the effectiveness of
MIRAGE for mining frequent subgraphs from large graph datasets. The source code
of MIRAGE is available from www.cs.iupui.edu/alhasan/software/


title: A special case of Postnikov-Shapiro conjecture

abstract:
  For a graph $G$, Postnikov-Shapiro \cite{PS04} construct two ideals $I_G$ and
$J_G.$ $I_G$ is a monomial ideal and $J_G$ is generated by powers of linear
forms. They proved the equality of their Hilbert series and conjectured that
the graded Betti numbers are equal. When $G=K_{n+1}^{l,k}$ is the complete
graph on the vertices $\{0,1,\cdots, n\}$ with the edges $e_{i, j},$ $i, j\neq
0,$ of multiplicity $k$ and the edges $e_{0, i}$ of multiplicity $l,$ for two
non-negative integers $k$ and $l,$ they gave an explicit formula for the graded
Betti numbers of $I_G,$ which are conjecturally the same for $J_G.$ We prove
this conjecture in the case $n=3,$ which was also conjectured by Schenck
\cite{S04}.


title: Essential spectrum of systems of singular differential equations

abstract:
  In this paper we develop a new method to determine the essential spectrum of
coupled systems of singular differential equations. Applications to problems
from magnetohydrodynamics and astrophysics are given.


title: Asymptotic multipartite version of the Alon-Yuster theorem

abstract:
  In this paper, we prove the asymptotic multipartite version of the
Alon-Yuster theorem, which is a generalization of the Hajnal-Szemer\'edi
theorem: If $k\geq 3$ is an integer, $H$ is a $k$-colorable graph and
$\gamma>0$ is fixed, then, for every sufficiently large $n$, where $|V(H)|$
divides $n$, and for every balanced $k$-partite graph $G$ on $kn$ vertices with
each of its corresponding $\binom{k}{2}$ bipartite subgraphs having minimum
degree at least $(k-1)n/k+\gamma n$, $G$ has a subgraph consisting of
$kn/|V(H)|$ vertex-disjoint copies of $H$.
  The proof uses the Regularity method together with linear programming.


title: The non-equilibrium region of grid-generated decaying turbulence

abstract:
  The previously reported non-equilibrium dissipation law is investigated in
turbulent flows generated by various regular and fractal square grids. The
flows are documented in terms of various turbulent profiles which reveal their
differences. In spite of significant inhomogeneity and anisotropy differences,
the new non-equilibrium dissipation law is observed in all these flows. Various
transverse and longitudinal integral scales are measured and used to define the
dissipation coefficient $C_{\varepsilon}$. It is found that the new
non-equilibrium dissipation law is not an artefact of a particular choice of
the integral scale and that the usual equilibrium dissipation law can actually
coexist with the non-equilibrium law in different regions of the same flow.


title: Optimal Hierarchical Layouts for Cache-Oblivious Search Trees

abstract:
  This paper proposes a general framework for generating cache-oblivious
layouts for binary search trees. A cache-oblivious layout attempts to minimize
cache misses on any hierarchical memory, independent of the number of memory
levels and attributes at each level such as cache size, line size, and
replacement policy. Recursively partitioning a tree into contiguous subtrees
and prescribing an ordering amongst the subtrees, Hierarchical Layouts
generalize many commonly used layouts for trees such as in-order, pre-order and
breadth-first. They also generalize the various flavors of the van Emde Boas
layout, which have previously been used as cache-oblivious layouts.
Hierarchical Layouts thus unify all previous attempts at deriving layouts for
search trees.
  The paper then derives a new locality measure (the Weighted Edge Product)
that mimics the probability of cache misses at multiple levels, and shows that
layouts that reduce this measure perform better. We analyze the various degrees
of freedom in the construction of Hierarchical Layouts, and investigate the
relative effect of each of these decisions in the construction of
cache-oblivious layouts. Optimizing the Weighted Edge Product for complete
binary search trees, we introduce the MinWEP layout, and show that it
outperforms previously used cache-oblivious layouts by almost 20%.


title:
Recent progress on the combinatorial diameter of polytopes and
  simplicial complexes

abstract:
  The Hirsch conjecture, posed in 1957, stated that the graph of a
$d$-dimensional polytope or polyhedron with $n$ facets cannot have diameter
greater than $n - d$. The conjecture itself has been disproved, but what we
know about the underlying question is quite scarce. Most notably, no polynomial
upper bound is known for the diameters that were conjectured to be linear. In
contrast, no polyhedron violating the conjecture by more than 25% is known.
  This paper reviews several recent attempts and progress on the question. Some
work in the world of polyhedra or (more often) bounded polytopes, but some try
to shed light on the question by generalizing it to simplicial complexes. In
particular, we include here our recent and previously unpublished proof that
the maximum diameter of arbitrary simplicial complexes is in $n^{Theta(d)}$ and
we summarize the main ideas in the polymath 3 project, a web-based collective
effort trying to prove an upper bound of type nd for the diameters of polyhedra
and of more general objects (including, e. g., simplicial manifolds).


title: The energy cascade in grid-generated non-equilibrium decaying turbulence

abstract:
  We investigate non-equilibrium turbulence where the non-dimensionalised
dissipation coefficient $C_{\varepsilon}$ scales as $C_{\varepsilon} \sim
Re_{M}^{m}/Re_{\ell}^{n}$ with $m\approx 1 \approx n$ ($Re_M$ and $Re_{\ell}$
are global/inlet and local Reynolds numbers respectively) by measuring the
downstream evolution of the scale-by-scale energy transfer, dissipation,
advection, production and transport in the lee of a square-mesh grid and
compare with a region of equilibrium turbulence (i.e. where
$C_{\varepsilon}\approx \mathrm{constant}$). These are the main terms of the
inhomogeneous, anisotropic version of the von K\'{a}rm\'{a}n-Howarth-Monin
equation. It is shown in the grid-generated turbulence studied here that, even
in the presence of non-negligible turbulence production and transport,
production and transport are large-scale phenomena that do not contribute to
the scale-by-scale balance for scales smaller than about a third of the
integral-length scale, $\ell$, and therefore do not affect the energy transfer
to the small-scales. In both the non-equilibrium and the equilibrium decay
regions, the peak of the scale-by-scale energy transfer scales as
$(\overline{u^2})^{3/2}/\ell$ ($\overline{u^2}$ is the variance of the
longitudinal fluctuating velocity). In the non-equilibrium case this scaling
implies an imbalance between the energy transfer to the small scales and the
dissipation. This imbalance is reflected on the small-scale advection which
becomes larger in proportion to the maximum energy transfer as the turbulence
decays whereas it stays proportionally constant in the further downstream
equilibrium region where $C_{\varepsilon} \approx \mathrm{constant}$ even
though $Re_{\ell}$ is lower.


title: Algebraic cycles and local quantum cohomology

abstract:
  We review the Hodge theory of some classic examples from mirror symmetry,
with an emphasis on what is intrinsic to the A-model, and on interesting open
questions and problems. In particular, we illustrate the construction of a
quantum Z-local system on the cohomology of the total space of the canonical
bundle of P^2, and suggest how this should be related to the higher algebraic
cycles studied in our 2011 CNTP article "Algebraic K-theory of toric
hypersurfaces".


title:
Optimal H-infinity Control Design under Model Information Limitations
  and State Measurement Constraints

abstract:
  We present a suboptimal control design algorithm for a family of
continuous-time parameter-dependent linear systems that are composed of
interconnected subsystems. We are interested in designing the controller for
each subsystem such that it only utilizes partial state measurements
(characterized by a directed graph called the control graph) and limited model
parameter information (characterized by the design graph). The algorithm is
based on successive local minimizations and maximizations (using the
subgradients) of the $H_\infty$--norm of the closed-loop transfer function with
respect to the controller gains and the system parameters. We use a vehicle
platooning example to illustrate the applicability of the results.


title: A random matrix definition of the boson peak

abstract:
  The density of vibrational states for glasses and jammed solids exhibits
universal features, including an excess of modes above the Debye prediction
known as the boson peak located at a frequency $\omega^*$ . We show that the
eigenvector statistics for boson peak modes are universal, and develop a new
definition of the boson peak based on this universality that displays the
previously observed characteristic scaling $\omega^*\sim p^{-1/2}$ . We
identify a large new class of random matrices that obey a generalized global
tranlational invariance constraint and demonstrate that members of this class
also have a boson peak with precisely the same universal eigenvector
statistics. We denote this class as boson peak random matrices, and conjecture
it comprises a new universality class. We characterize the eigenvector
statistics as a function of coordination number, and find that one member of
this new class reproduces the scaling of $\omega^{*}$ with coordination number
that is observed near the jamming transition.


title:
Monte Carlo comparison of medium-size telescope designs for the
  Cherenkov Telescope Array

abstract:
  The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a future very high energy gamma-ray
observatory. CTA will be comprised of small-,medium- and large-size telescopes
covering an energy range from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and will surpass
existing telescopes in sensitivity by an order of magnitude. The aim of our
study is to find the optimal design for the medium-size telescopes (MSTs),
which will determine the sensitivity in the key energy range between a few
hundred GeV to about ten TeV. To study the effect of the telescope design
parameters on the array performance, we simulated arrays of 61 MSTs with 120 m
spacing and a variety of telescope configurations. We investigated the
influence of the primary telescope characteristics including optical
resolution, pixel size, and light collection area on the total array
performance with a particular emphasis on telescope configurations with imaging
performance similar to the proposed Davies-Cotton (DC) and Schwarzschild-Couder
(SC) MST designs. We compare the performance of these telescope designs,
especially the achieved gamma-ray angular resolution and differential
point-source sensitivity. Finally we investigate the performance of different
array sizes to demonstrate impacts of financial constraints on the number of
telescopes.


title:
Embedding Noise Prediction into List-Viterbi Decoding using Error
  Detection Codes for Magnetic Tape Systems

abstract:
  A List Viterbi detector produces a rank ordered list of the N globally best
candidates in a trellis search. A List Viterbi detector structure is proposed
that incorporates the noise prediction with periodic state-metric updates based
on outer error detection codes (EDCs). More specifically, a periodic decision
making process is utilized for a non-overlapping sliding windows of P bits
based on the use of outer EDCs. In a number of magnetic recording applications,
Error Correction Coding (ECC) is adversely effected by the presence of long and
dominant error events. Unlike the conventional post processing methods that are
usually tailored to a specific set of dominant error events or the joint
modulation code trellis architectures that are operating on larger state spaces
at the expense of increased implementation complexity, the proposed detector
does not use any a priori information about the error event distributions and
operates at reduced state trellis. We present pre ECC bit error rate
performance as well as the post ECC codeword failure rates of the proposed
detector using perfect detection scenario as well as practical detection codes
as the EDCs are not essential to the overall design. Furthermore, it is
observed that proposed algorithm does not introduce new error events.
Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm gives improved bit error
and post ECC codeword failure rates at the expense of some increase in
complexity.


title: Matrix Geometries Emergent from a Point

abstract:
  We describe a categorical approach to finite noncommutative geometries.
Objects in the category are spectral triples, rather than unitary equivalence
classes as in other approaches. This enables to treat fluctuations of the
metric and unitary equivalences on the same footing, as representatives of
particular morphisms in this category. We then show how a matrix geometry
(Moyal plane) emerges as a fluctuation from one point, and discuss some
geometric aspects of this space.


title: Distance-based phylogenetic methods around a polytomy

abstract:
  Distance-based phylogenetic algorithms attempt to solve the NP-hard least
squares phylogeny problem by mapping an arbitrary dissimilarity map
representing biological data to a tree metric. The set of all dissimilarity
maps is a Euclidean space properly containing the space of all tree metrics as
a polyhedral fan. Outputs of distance-based tree reconstruction algorithms such
as UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining are points in the maximal cones in the fan. Tree
metrics with polytomies lie at the intersections of maximal cones.
  A phylogenetic algorithm divides the space of all dissimilarity maps into
regions based upon which combinatorial tree is reconstructed by the algorithm.
Comparison of phylogenetic methods can be done by comparing the geometry of
these regions. We use polyhedral geometry to compare the local nature of the
subdivisions induced by least squares phylogeny, UPGMA, and Neighbor-Joining.
Our results suggest that in some circumstances, UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining
poorly match least squares phylogeny when the true tree has a polytomy.


title:
Empirical Constraints for the Magnitude and Composition of Galactic
  Winds

abstract:
  Galactic winds are a key physical mechanism for understanding galaxy
formation and evolution, yet empirical and theoretical constraints for the
character of winds are limited and discrepant. Recent empirical models find
that local star-forming galaxies have a deficit of oxygen that scales with
galaxy stellar mass. The oxygen deficit provides unique empirical constraints
on the magnitude of mass loss, composition of outflowing material and metal
reaccretion onto galaxies. We formulate the oxygen deficit constraints so they
may be easily implemented into theoretical models of galaxy evolution. We
parameterize an effective metal loading factor which combines the uncertainties
of metal outflows and metal reaccretion into a single function of galaxy virial
velocity. We determine the effective metal loading factor by forward-fitting
the oxygen deficit. The effective metal loading factor we derive has important
implications for the implementation of mass loss in models of galaxy evolution.


title: How to minimize the energy consumption in mobile ad-hoc networks

abstract:
  In this work we are interested in the problem of energy management in Mobile
Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The solving and optimization of MANET allow assisting
the users to efficiently use their devices in order to minimize the batteries
power consumption. In this framework, we propose a modelling of the MANET in
form of a Constraint Optimization Problem called COMANET. Then, in the
objective to minimize the consumption of batteries power, we present an
approach based on an adaptation of the A star algorithm to the MANET problem
called MANED. Finally, we expose some experimental results showing utility of
this approach.


title: Mapping the Proton's Fluctuating Waistline

abstract:
  We discuss a mechanism for the apparently universal scaling in the
high-multiplicity tail of charged particle distributions for high energy
nuclear collisions. We argue that this scaling behavior originates from rare
fluctuations of the nucleon density. We discuss a pair of simple models of
proton shape fluctuations. A "fat" proton with a size of 3 fm occurs with
observable frequency. In light of this result, collective flow behavior in the
ensuing nuclear interaction seems feasible. We discuss the influence of these
models on the large $x$ structure of the proton and the likely influences on
the distribution of initial state spatial eccentricities $\epsilon_{n}$.


title: On the rank of the fibres of rational elliptic surfaces

abstract:
  We consider an elliptic surface $\pi: \mathcal{E}\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1$
defined over a number field $k$ and study the problem of comparing the rank of
the special fibres over $k$ with that of the generic fibre over
$k(\mathbb{P}^1)$. We prove, for a large class of rational elliptic surfaces,
the existence of infinitely many fibres with rank at least equal to the generic
rank plus two.


title: On the diagonal susceptibility of the 2D Ising model

abstract:
  We consider the diagonal susceptibility of the isotropic 2D Ising model for
temperatures below the critical temperature. For a parameter k related to
temperature and the interaction constant, we extend the diagonal susceptibility
to complex k inside the unit disc, and prove the conjecture that the unit
circle is a natural boundary.


title: Observation of Low Energy Raman Modes in Twisted Bilayer Graphene

abstract:
  Two new Raman modes below 100 cm^-1 are observed in twisted bilayer graphene
grown by chemical vapor deposition. The two modes are observed in a small range
of twisting angle at which the intensity of the G Raman peak is strongly
enhanced, indicating that these low energy modes and the G Raman mode share the
same resonance enhancement mechanism, as a function of twisting angle. The 94
cm^-1 mode (measured with a 532 nm laser excitation) is assigned to the
fundamental layer breathing vibration (ZO (prime) mode) mediated by the twisted
bilayer graphene lattice, which lacks long-range translational symmetry. The
dependence of this modes frequency and linewidth on the rotational angle can be
explained by the double resonance Raman process which is different from the
previously-identified Raman processes activated by twisted bilayer graphene
superlattice. The dependence also reveals the strong impact of electronic-band
overlaps of the two graphene layers. Another new mode at 52 cm^-1, not observed
previously in the bilayer graphene system, is tentatively attributed to a
torsion mode in which the bottom and top graphene layers rotate out-of-phase in
the plane.


title: Cool horizons lead to information loss

abstract:
  There are two evidences for information loss during black hole evaporation:
(i) a pure state evolves to a mixed state and (ii) the map from the initial
state to final state is non-invertible. Any proposed resolution of the
information paradox must address both these issues. The firewall argument
focuses only on the first and this leads to order one deviations from the Unruh
vacuum for maximally entangled black holes. The nature of the argument does not
extend to black holes in pure states. It was shown by Avery, Puhm and the
author that requiring the initial state to final state map to be invertible
mandates structure at the horizon even for pure states. The proof works if
black holes can be formed in generic states and in this paper we show that this
is indeed the case. We also demonstrate how models proposed by Susskind,
Papadodimas et al. and Maldacena et al. end up making the initial to final
state map non-invertible and thus make the horizon "cool" at the cost of
unitarity.


title:
Formation of sharp eccentric rings in debris disks with gas but without
  planets

abstract:
  "Debris disks" around young stars (analogues of the Kuiper Belt in our Solar
System) show a variety of non-trivial structures attributed to planetary
perturbations and used to constrain the properties of the planets. However,
these analyses have largely ignored the fact that some debris disks are found
to contain small quantities of gas, a component that all such disks should
contain at some level. Several debris disks have been measured with a
dust-to-gas ratio around unity at which the effect of hydrodynamics on the
structure of the disk cannot be ignored. Here we report linear and nonlinear
modelling that shows that dust-gas interactions can produce some of the key
patterns attributed to planets. We find a robust clumping instability that
organizes the dust into narrow, eccentric rings, similar to the Fomalhaut
debris disk. The conclusion that such disks might contain planets is not
necessarily required to explain these systems.


title:
Analytical quantitative description of wide plate U-free bend process of
  intelligent control

abstract:
  According to flexure theory of plate, on the premise of plane deformation
assumption, an analytic model of U-free bend theory is proposed in this paper,
which considered the harden, anisotropy and elastic deformation of material.
Then the theoretical analysis on U-free bending of wide plate is made, the
change rules of bending force with bending stroke and formula of target
angularity are obtained, the various factors affecting bending force and
rebound are analyzed. Furthermore, theoretical calculation and experiment and
simulation results are compared, which provided theoretical basis for
identifying parameters of the wide plate U-free bending intelligent control as
well as determining variables of the input layer and output layer of prediction
model.


title: CHerenkov detectors In mine PitS (CHIPS) Letter of Intent to FNAL

abstract:
  This Letter of Intent outlines a proposal to build a large, yet
cost-effective, 100 kton fiducial mass water Cherenkov detector that will
initially run in the NuMI beam line. The CHIPS detector (CHerenkov detector In
Mine PitS) will be deployed in a flooded mine pit, removing the necessity and
expense of a substantial external structure capable of supporting a large
detector mass. There are a number of mine pits in northern Minnesota along the
NuMI beam that could be used to deploy such a detector. In particular, the
Wentworth Pit 2W is at the ideal off-axis angle to contribute to the
measurement of the CP violating phase. The detector is designed so that it can
be moved to a mine pit in the LBNE beam line once that becomes operational.


title: Extremal H-colorings of graphs with fixed minimum degree

abstract:
  For graphs $G$ and $H$, a homomorphism from $G$ to $H$, or $H$-coloring of
$G$, is a map from the vertices of $G$ to the vertices of $H$ that preserves
adjacency. When $H$ is composed of an edge with one looped endvertex, an
$H$-coloring of $G$ corresponds to an independent set in $G$. Galvin showed
that, for sufficiently large $n$, the complete bipartite graph
$K_{\delta,n-\delta}$ is the $n$-vertex graph with minimum degree $\delta$ that
has the largest number of independent sets.
  In this paper, we begin the project of generalizing this result to arbitrary
$H$. Writing $\hom(G,H)$ for the number of $H$-colorings of $G$, we show that
for fixed $H$ and $\delta = 1$ or $\delta = 2$, \[ \hom(G,H) \leq \max
\{\hom(K_{\delta+1},H)^{\frac{n}{\delta+1}},
\hom(K_{\delta,\delta},H)^{\frac{n}{2\delta}}, \hom(K_{\delta,n-\delta},H)\} \]
for any $n$-vertex $G$ with minimum degree $\delta$ (for sufficiently large
$n$). We also provide examples of $H$ for which the maximum is achieved by
$\hom(K_{\delta+1},H)^{\frac{n}{\delta+1}}$ and other $H$ for which the maximum
is achieved by $\hom(K_{\delta,\delta},H)^{\frac{n}{2\delta}}$. For $\delta
\geq 3$ (and sufficiently large $n$), we provide a infinite family of $H$ for
which $\hom(G,H) \leq \hom(K_{\delta,n-\delta},H)$ for any $n$-vertex $G$ with
minimum degree $\delta$. The results generalize to weighted $H$-colorings.


title: Random iteration and projection method

abstract:
  We show that under suitable conditions a random orbit generated by a system
of nonexpansive maps recovers an invariant set via its omega-limit. In
particular, this explains what happens to the Kaczmarz--von Neumann projection
algorithm in the infeasible case, that is, when one deals with more than two
affine varieties having empty intersection.


title: Accretion and activity on the post-common-envelope binary RR~Cae

abstract:
  Current scenarios for the evolution of interacting close binaries - such as
cataclysmic variables (CVs) - rely mainly on our understanding of low-mass star
angular momentum loss (AML) mechanisms. The coupling of stellar wind with its
magnetic field, i.e., magnetic braking, is the most promising mechanism to
drive AML in these stars. There are basically two properties driving magnetic
braking: the stellar magnetic field and the stellar wind. Understanding the
mechanisms that drive AML therefore requires a comprehensive understanding of
these two properties. RRCae is a well-known nearby (d=20pc) eclipsing DA+M
binary with an orbital period of P=7.29h. The system harbors a metal-rich cool
white dwarf (WD) and a highly active M-dwarf locked in synchronous rotation.
The metallicity of the WD suggests that wind accretion is taking place, which
provides a good opportunity to obtain the mass-loss rate of the M-dwarf
component. We analyzed multi-epoch time-resolved high-resolution spectra of
RRCae in search for traces of magnetic activity and accretion. We selected a
number of well-known activity indicators and studied their short and long-term
behavior. Indirect-imaging tomographic techniques were also applied to provide
the surface brightness distribution of the magnetically active M-dwarf, and
reveals a polar feature similar to those observed in fast-rotating solar-type
stars. The blue part of the spectrum was modeled using a atmosphere model to
constrain the WD properties and its metal enrichment. The latter was used to
improve the determination of the mass-accretion rate from the M-dwarf wind. The
presence of metals in the WD spectrum suggests that this component arises from
accretion of the M-dwarf wind. A model fit to the WD gives Teff=(7260+/-250)K
and logg=(7.8+/-0.1) dex with a metallicity of <log[X/Xsun]>=(-2.8+/-0.1)dex,
and a mass-accretion rate of dotMacc=(7+/-2)x1e-16Msun/yr.


title: Localized quantum walks as secured quantum memory

abstract:
  We show that a quantum walk process can be used to construct and secure
quantum memory. More precisely, we show that a localized quantum walk with
temporal disorder can be engineered to store the information of a single,
unknown qubit on a compact position space and faithfully recover it on demand.
Since the localization occurss with a finite spread in position space, the
stored information of the qubit will be naturally secured from the simple
eavesdropper. Our protocol can be adopted to any quantum system for which
experimental control over quantum walk dynamics can be achieved.


title: Evaluating Polynomials Over the Unit Disk and the Unit Ball

abstract:
  We investigate the use of orthonormal polynomials over the unit disk B_2 in
R^2 and the unit ball B_3 in R^3. An efficient evaluation of an orthonormal
polynomial basis is given, and it is used in evaluating general polynomials
over B_2 and B_3. The least squares approximation of a function f on the unit
disk by polynomials of a given degree is investigated, including how to write a
polynomial using the orthonormal basis. Matlab codes are given.


title:
A non-linear irreversible thermodynamic perspective on organic pigment
  proliferation and biological evolution

abstract:
  The most important thermodynamic work performed by life today is the
dissipation of the solar photon flux into heat through organic pigments in
water. From this thermodynamic perspective, biological evolution is thus just
the dispersal of organic pigments and water throughout Earth's surface, while
adjusting the gases of Earth's atmosphere to allow the most intense part of the
solar spectrum to penetrate the atmosphere and reach the surface to be
intercepted by these pigments. The covalent bonding of atoms in organic
pigments provides excited levels compatible with the energies of these photons.
Internal conversion through vibrational relaxation to the ground state of these
excited molecules when in water leads to rapid dissipation of the solar photons
into heat, and this is the major source of entropy production on Earth. A
non-linear irreversible thermodynamic analysis shows that the proliferation of
organic pigments on Earth is a direct consequence of the pigments catalytic
properties in dissipating the solar photon flux. A small part of the energy of
the photon goes into the production of more organic pigments and supporting
biomass, while most of the energy is dissipated and channeled into the
hydrological cycle through the latent heat of vaporization of surface water. By
dissipating the surface to atmosphere temperature gradient, the hydrological
cycle further increases the entropy production of Earth. This thermodynamic
perspective of solar photon dissipation by life has implications to the
possibility of finding extra-terrestrial life in our solar system and the
Universe.


title:
Transitions of $B_c\rightarrow \psi(1S,2S)$ and the modified harmonic
  oscillator wave function in LFQM

abstract:
  The LHC$_b$ collaboration has systematically measured the rates of $B_c\to
J/\psi K$, $B_c\to J/\psi D_s$, $B_c\to J/\psi D_s^*$ and $B_c\to \psi(2S)
\pi$. The new data enable us to study relevant theoretical models and further
determine the model parameters. In this work, We calculate the form factors for
the transitions $B_c\to J/\psi$ and $B_c\to \psi(2S)$ numerically, then
determine the partial widths of the semi-leptonic and non-leptonic decays. The
theoretical predictions on the ratios of $\Gamma(B_c\to J/\psi K)/\Gamma(B_c\to
J/\psi \pi)$, $\Gamma(B_c\to J/\psi D_s)/\Gamma(B_c\to J/\psi \pi)$ and
$\Gamma(B_c\to J/\psi D_s^*)/\Gamma(B_c\to J/\psi \pi)$ are consistent with
data within only 1$\sigma$. Especially, for calculating $\Gamma(B_c\to
\psi(2S)X)$ the modified harmonic oscillator wave function (HOWF) which we
developed in early works is employed and the results indicate that the modified
harmonic oscillator wave function works better than the traditional HOWF.