title: The Densities of Planets and the Masses of Host Stars

abstract:
  Studies of transiting extra-solar planets are of key importance for
understanding the nature of planets outside our Solar System, because their
densities can be determined, constraining of what the planets are made of.
Using the data obtained by the CoRoT space telescope we study the relation
between the density of planets, their mass, and the mass of their host stars.
Although planets of the same mass can have different densities, we still find
some trends. Planets with more than 1000 MEarth (about 3 MJup have densities
larger than 6 gcm-3, and are preferentially found in stars that are more
massive than the Sun. All known planets in the mass-range between 15 and 600
MEarth (about 0.05 to 2 MJup) have densities of less than 3 gcm-3. When going
further down in the mass of the planets, the density increases steadily, and
there is no sudden transition from gaseous to rocky planets. Based on the
current sample, we do not find any difference for planets at different
galactocentric distances.


title:
Algorithmic Mechanisms for Reliable Internet-based Computing under
  Collusion

abstract:
  In this work, using a game-theoretic approach, cost-sensitive mechanisms that
lead to reliable Internet-based computing are designed. In particular, we
consider Internet-based master-worker computations, where a master processor
assigns, across the Internet, a computational task to a set of potentially
untrusted worker processors and collects their responses. Workers may collude
in order to increase their benefit. Several game-theoretic models that capture
the nature of the problem are analyzed, and algorithmic mechanisms that, for
each given set of cost and system parameters, achieve high reliability are
designed. Additionally, two specific realistic system scenarios are studied.
These scenarios are a system of volunteer computing like SETI, and a company
that buys computing cycles from Internet computers and sells them to its
customers in the form of a task- computation service. Notably, under certain
conditions, non redundant allocation yields the best trade-off between cost and
reliability.


title:
Is there a fractional breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation in
  Kinetically Constrained Models at low temperature?

abstract:
  We study the motion of a tracer particle injected in facilitated models which
are used to model supercooled liquids in the vicinity of the glass transition.
We consider the East model, FA1f model and a more general class of
non-cooperative models. For East previous works had identified a fractional
violation of the Stokes-Einstein relation with a decoupling between diffusion
and viscosity of the form $D\sim\tau^{-\xi}$ with $\xi\sim 0.73$. We present
rigorous results proving that instead $\log(D)=-\log(\tau)+O(\log(1/q))$, which
implies at leading order $\log(D)/\log(\tau)\sim -1$ for very large
time-scales. Our results do not exclude the possibility of SE breakdown, albeit
non fractional. Indeed extended numerical simulations by other authors show the
occurrence of this violation and our result suggests $D\tau\sim 1/q^\alpha$,
where $q$ is the density of excitations. For FA1f we prove fractional Stokes
Einstein in dimension $1$, and $D\sim\tau^{-1}$ in dimension $2$ and higher,
confirming previous works. Our results extend to a larger class of
non-cooperative models.


title: The arithmetical rank of the edge ideals of graphs with whiskers

abstract:
  We consider the edge ideals of large classes of graphs with whiskers and for
these ideals we prove that the arithmetical rank is equal to the big height.
Then we extend these results to other classes of squarefree monomial ideals,
generated in any degree, proving that the same equality holds.


title:
Observation of a narrow baryon resonance with positive strangeness
  formed in $K^+$Xe collisions

abstract:
  The charge-exchange reaction K^+ Xe --> K^0 p Xe' is investigated using the
data of the DIANA experiment. The distribution of the pK^0 effective mass shows
a prominent enhancement near 1538 MeV formed by \sim 80 events above the
background, whose width is consistent with being entirely due to the
experimental resolution. Under the selections based on a simulation of K^+Xe
collisions, the statistical significance of the signal reaches 5.5\sigma. We
interpret this observation as strong evidence for formation of a pentaquark
baryon with positive strangeness, \Theta^+(uudd\bar{s}), in the charge-exchange
reaction K^+ n --> K^0 p on a bound neutron. The mass of the \Theta^+ baryon is
measured as m(\Theta^+) = 1538+-2 MeV. Using the ratio between the numbers of
resonant and non-resonant charge-exchange events in the peak region, the
intrinsic width of this baryon resonance is determined as \Gamma(\Theta^+) =
0.34+-0.10 MeV.


title:
Multi-periodic pulsations of a stripped red giant star in an eclipsing
  binary

abstract:
  Low mass white dwarfs are the remnants of disrupted red giant stars in binary
millisecond pulsars and other exotic binary star systems. Some low mass white
dwarfs cool rapidly, while others stay bright for millions of years due to
stable fusion in thick surface hydrogen layers. This dichotomy is not well
understood so their potential use as independent clocks to test the spin-down
ages of pulsars or as probes of the extreme environments in which low mass
white dwarfs form cannot be fully exploited. Here we present precise mass and
radius measurements for the precursor to a low mass white dwarf. We find that
only models in which this star has a thick hydrogen envelope can match the
strong constraints provided by our new observations. Very cool low mass white
dwarfs must therefore have lost their thick hydrogen envelopes by irradiation
from pulsar companions or by episodes of unstable hydrogen fusion (shell
flashes). We also find that this low mass white dwarf precursor is a new type
of pulsating star. The observed pulsation frequencies are sensitive to internal
processes that determine whether this star will undergo shell flashes.


title:
The Electrochemical Surface Potential Due to Classical Point Charge
  Models Drives Anion Adsorption to the Air-Water Interface

abstract:
  We demonstrate that the driving forces for ion adsorption to the air-water
interface for point charge models results from both cavitation and a term that
is of the form of a negative electrochemical surface potential. We carefully
characterize the role of the free energy due to the electrochemical surface
potential computed from simple empirical models and its role in ionic
adsorption within the context of dielectric continuum theory. Our research
suggests that the electrochemical surface potential due to point charge models
provides anions with a significant driving force to the air-water interface.
This is contrary to the results of ab initio simulations that indicate that the
average electrostatic surface potential should favor the desorption of anions
at the air-water interface. The results have profound implications for the
studies of ionic distributions in the vicinity of hydrophobic surfaces and
proteins.


title: Contact-based Social Contagion in Multiplex Networks

abstract:
  We develop a theoretical framework for the study of epidemic-like social
contagion in large scale social systems. We consider the most general setting
in which different communication platforms or categories form multiplex
networks. Specifically, we propose a contact-based information spreading model,
and show that the critical point of the multiplex system associated to the
active phase is determined by the layer whose contact probability matrix has
the largest eigenvalue. The framework is applied to a number of different
situations, including a real multiplex system. Finally, we also show that when
the system through which information is disseminating is inherently multiplex,
working with the graph that results from the aggregation of the different
layers is flawed.


title: Advanced Cold Molecule Electron EDM

abstract:
  Measurement of a non-zero electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron within
a few orders of magnitude of the current best limit of |d_e| < 1.05 e -27 e cm
would be an indication of physics beyond the Standard Model. The ACME
Collaboration is searching for an electron EDM by performing a precision
measurement of electron spin precession in the metastable H state of thorium
monoxide (ThO) using a slow, cryogenic beam. We discuss the current status of
the experiment. Based on a data set acquired from 14 hours of running time over
a period of 2 days, we have achieved a 1-sigma statistical uncertainty of 1 e
-28 e cm/T^(1/2), where T is the running time in days.


title: Damping of radial electric field fluctuations in the TJ-II stellarator

abstract:
  The drift kinetic equation is solved for low density TJ-II plasmas employing
slowly varying, time-dependent profiles. This allows to simulate density
ramp-up experiments and to describe from first principles the formation and
physics of the radial electric field shear, which is associated to the
transition from electron to ion root. We show that the range of frequencies of
plasma potential fluctuations in which zonal flows are experimentally observed
is neoclassically undamped in a neighborhood of the transition. This makes the
electron root regime of stellarators, close to the transition to ion root, a
propitious regime for the study of zonal-flow evolution. We present simulations
of collisionless relaxation of zonal flows, in the sense of the Rosenbluth and
Hinton test, that show an oscillatory behaviour in qualitative agreement with
the experiment close to the transition.


title:
VLT/VIMOS integral field spectroscopy of luminous and ultraluminous
  infrared galaxies: 2D kinematic properties

abstract:
  We present and discuss the 2D kinematic properties of the ionized gas
(Halpha) in a sample of 38 local (ultra) luminous infrared galaxies [(U)LIRGs]
(31 LIRGs and 7 ULIRGs) observed with VIMOS at the VLT using integral field
spectroscopy. This sample covers well the less studied LIRG luminosity range
and includes isolated disks, interacting systems, and mergers. The majority of
the galaxies have two main kinematically distinct components. One component
(i.e., narrow or systemic) extends over the whole line-emitting region and is
characterized by small to intermediate velocity dispersions (i.e., sigma from
30 to 160 km s^-1). It traces the overall velocity field. The second component
(broad) has in general a larger velocity dispersion (up to 320 km s^-1), mainly
found in the inner regions and generally blueshifted with respect to the
systemic component. Most of the objects (76%) are dominated by rotation, more
relevant in LIRGs than in ULIRGs. Isolated disks, interacting galaxies, and
merging systems define a sequence of increasing mean velocity dispersion, and
decreasing velocity field amplitude.The LIRGs classified as isolated disks have
similar velocity amplitudes but larger mean velocity dispersions (44 vs. 24 km
s^-1) than local spirals, implying a larger turbulence and thicker disks.
Interacting systems and mergers have values closer to those of low velocity
dispersion ellipticals/lenticular galaxies (E/SOs). The (U)LIRGs classified as
mergers have kinematic properties similar to those shown by the Lyman break
analogs (LBAs). The dynamical masses range from \sim 0.04 m* to 1.4 m* (i.e.,
m* = 1.4x10^{11} Msun), with ULIRGs (M{dyn} sim 0.5 +/- 0.2 m*) being more
massive than LIRGs by, on average, a factor of about 2. The mass ratio of
individual pre-coalescence galaxies is <2.5 for most of the systems, confirming
that most (U)LIRG mergers involve sub-m* galaxies of similar mass.


title:
High angular resolution imaging and infrared spectroscopy of CoRoT
  candidates

abstract:
  Studies of transiting extrasolar planets are of key importance for
understanding the nature of planets outside our solar system because their
masses, diameters, and bulk densities can be measured. An important part of
transit-search programmes is the removal of false-positives. The critical
question is how many of the candidates that passed all previous tests are false
positives. For our study we selected 25 CoRoT candidates that have already been
screened against false-positives using detailed analysis of the light curves
and seeing-limited imaging, which has transits that are between 0.7 and 0.05%
deep. We observed 20 candidates with the adaptive optics imager NaCo and 18
with the high-resolution infrared spectrograph CRIRES. We found previously
unknown stars within 2 arcsec of the targets in seven of the candidates. All of
these are too faint and too close to the targets to have been previously
detected with seeing-limited telescopes in the optical. Our study thus leads to
the surprising results that if we remove all candidates excluded by the
sophisticated analysis of the light-curve, as well as carrying out deep imaging
with seeing-limited telescopes, still 28-35% of the remaining candidates are
found to possess companions that are bright enough to be false-positives. Given
that the companion-candidates cluster around the targets and that the J-K
colours are consistent with physical companions, we conclude that the
companion-candidates are more likely to be physical companions rather than
unrelated field stars.


title: Minimal spanning trees and Stein's method

abstract:
  Kesten and Lee [36] proved that the total length of a minimal spanning tree
on certain random point configurations in $\mathbb{R}^d$ satisfies a central
limit theorem. They also raised the question: how to make these results
quantitative? However, techniques employed to tackle the same problem for other
functionals studied in geometric probability do not apply directly to the
minimal spanning tree. Thus the problem of determining the convergence rate in
the central limit theorem for Euclidean minimal spanning trees has remained
open. In this work, we establish bounds on the convergence rate for the
Poissonized version of this problem by using a variation of Stein's method. We
also derive bounds on the convergence rate for the analogous problem in the
setup of the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$.
  The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we develop a general
technique to compute convergence rates in central limit theorems satisfied by
minimal spanning trees on sequence of weighted graphs which includes minimal
spanning trees on Poisson points. Secondly, we present a way of quantifying the
Burton-Keane argument for the uniqueness of the infinite open cluster. The
latter is interesting in its own right and based on a generalization of our
technique, Duminil-Copin, Ioffe and Velenik [28] have recently obtained bounds
on probability of two-arm events in a broad class of translation-invariant
percolation models.


title: Polyglot: Distributed Word Representations for Multilingual NLP

abstract:
  Distributed word representations (word embeddings) have recently contributed
to competitive performance in language modeling and several NLP tasks. In this
work, we train word embeddings for more than 100 languages using their
corresponding Wikipedias. We quantitatively demonstrate the utility of our word
embeddings by using them as the sole features for training a part of speech
tagger for a subset of these languages. We find their performance to be
competitive with near state-of-art methods in English, Danish and Swedish.
Moreover, we investigate the semantic features captured by these embeddings
through the proximity of word groupings. We will release these embeddings
publicly to help researchers in the development and enhancement of multilingual
applications.


title: Reduced Chern-Simons Quiver Theories and Cohomological 3-Algebra Models

abstract:
  We study the BPS spectrum and vacuum moduli spaces in dimensional reductions
of Chern-Simons-matter theories with N>=2 supersymmetry to zero dimensions. Our
main example is a matrix model version of the ABJM theory which we relate
explicitly to certain reduced 3-algebra models. We find the explicit maps from
Chern-Simons quiver matrix models to dual IKKT matrix models. We address the
problem of topologically twisting the ABJM matrix model, and along the way
construct a new twist of the IKKT model. We construct a cohomological matrix
model whose partition function localizes onto a moduli space specified by
3-algebra relations which live in the double of the conifold quiver. It
computes an equivariant index enumerating framed BPS states with specified
R-charges which can be expressed as a combinatorial sum over certain filtered
pyramid partitions.


title: On non-contractible periodic orbits for surface homeomorphisms

abstract:
  In this work we study homeomorphisms of closed orientable surfaces homotopic
to the identity, focusing on the existence of non-contractible periodic orbits.
We show that, if $g$ is such a homeomorphism, and if $\hat g$ is its lift to
the universal covering of $S$ that commutes with the deck transformations, then
one of the following three conditions must be satisfied: (1) The set of fixed
points for $\hat g$ projects to a closed subset $F$ which contains an essential
continuum, (2) $g$ has non-contratible periodic points of every sufficiently
large period, or (3) there exists an uniform bound $M$ such that, if $\hat x$
projects to a contractible periodic point then the $\hat g$ orbit of $\hat x$
has diameter less or equal to $M$. Some consequences for homeomorphisms of
surfaces whose rotation set is a singleton are derived.


title: Solvable Leibniz algebras with filiform nilradical

abstract:
  In this paper we continue the description of solvable Leibniz algebras whose
nilradical is a filiform algebra. In fact, solvable Leibniz algebras whose
nilradical is a naturally graded filiform Leibniz algebra are described in
\cite{Campo} and \cite{SolGFil}. Here we extend the description to solvable
Leibniz algebras whose nilradical is a filiform algebra. We establish that
solvable Leibniz algebras with filiform Lie nilradical are Lie algebras.


title: General relativistic neutrino transport using spectral methods

abstract:
  We present a new code, Lorene's Ghost (for Lorene's gravitational handling of
spectral transport) developed to treat the problem of neutrino transport in
supernovae with the use of spectral methods. First, we derive the expression
for the nonrelativistic Liouville operator in doubly spherical coordinates (r,
theta, phi, epsilon, Theta, Phi)$, and further its general relativistic
counterpart. We use the 3 + 1 formalism with the conformally flat approximation
for the spatial metric, to express the Liouville operator in the Eulerian
frame. Our formulation does not use any approximations when dealing with the
angular arguments (theta, phi, Theta, Phi), and is fully energy-dependent. This
approach is implemented in a spherical shell, using either Chebyshev
polynomials or Fourier series as decomposition bases. It is here restricted to
simplified collision terms (isoenergetic scattering) and to the case of a
static fluid. We finish this paper by presenting test results using basic
configurations, including general relativistic ones in the Schwarzschild
metric, in order to demonstrate the convergence properties, the conservation of
particle number and correct treatment of some general-relativistic effects of
our code. The use of spectral methods enables to run our test cases in a
six-dimensional setting on a single processor.


title:
Excitation spectra of many-body systems by linear response: General
  theory and applications to trapped condensates

abstract:
  We derive a general linear-response many-body theory capable of computing
excitation spectra of trapped interacting bosonic systems, e.g., depleted and
fragmented Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). To obtain the linear-response
equations we linearize the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for
bosons (MCTDHB) method, which provides a self-consistent description of
many-boson systems in terms of orbitals and a state vector (configurations),
and is in principle numerically-exact. The derived linear-response many-body
theory, which we term LR-MCTDHB, is applicable to systems with interaction
potentials of general form. From the numerical implementation of the LR-MCTDHB
equations and solution of the underlying eigenvalue problem, we obtain
excitations beyond available theories of excitation spectra, such as the
Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. The derived theory is first applied to
study BECs in a one-dimensional harmonic potential. The LR-MCTDHB method
contains the BdG excitations and, also, predicts a plethora of additional
many-body excitations which are out of the realm of standard linear response.
In particular, our theory describes the exact energy of the higher harmonic of
the first (dipole) excitation not contained in the BdG theory. We next study a
BEC in a very shallow one-dimensional double-well potential. We find with
LR-MCTDHB low-lying excitations which are not accounted for by BdG, even though
the BEC has only little fragmentation and, hence, the BdG theory is expected to
be valid. The convergence of the LR-MCTDHB theory is assessed by systematically
comparing the excitation spectra computed at several different levels of
theory.


title: Unpaired Majorana modes in the gapped phase of Kitaev's honeycomb model

abstract:
  We study the gapped phase of Kitaev's honeycomb model (a Z_2 spin liquid) in
the presence of lattice defects. We find that some dislocations and bond
defects carry unpaired Majorana fermions. Physical excitations associated with
these defects are (complex) fermion modes made out of two (real) Majorana
fermions connected by a Z_2 gauge string. The quantum state of these modes is
robust against local noise and can be changed by winding a Z_2 vortex around a
dislocation. The exact solution respects gauge invariance and reveals a crucial
role of the gauge field in the physics of Majorana modes.


title: Global Gravity Inversion of Bodies with Arbitrary Shape

abstract:
  Gravity inversion allows us to constrain the interior mass distribution of a
planetary body using the observed shape, rotation, and gravity. Traditionally,
techniques developed for gravity inversion can be divided into Monte Carlo
methods, matrix inversion methods, and spectral methods. Here we employ both
matrix inversion and Monte Carlo in order to explore the space of exact
solutions, in a method which is particularly suited for arbitrary shape bodies.
We expand the mass density function using orthogonal polynomials, and map the
contribution of each term to the global gravitational field generated. This map
is linear in the density terms, and can be pseudo-inverted in the
under-determined regime using QR decomposition, to obtain a basis of the affine
space of exact interior structure solutions. As the interior structure
solutions are degenerate, assumptions have to be made in order to control their
properties, and these assumptions can be transformed into scalar functions and
used to explore the solutions space using Monte Carlo techniques. Sample
applications show that the range of solutions tend to converge towards the
nominal one as long as the generic assumptions made are correct, even in the
presence of moderate noise. We present the underlying mathematical formalism
and an analysis of how to impose specific features on the global solution,
including uniform solutions, gradients, and layered models. Analytical formulas
for the computation of the relevant quantities when the shape is represented
using several common methods are included in the Appendix.


title:
A New Mathematical Model for Evolutionary Games on Finite Networks of
  Players

abstract:
  A new mathematical model for evolutionary games on graphs is proposed to
extend the classical replicator equation to finite populations of players
organized on a network with generic topology. Classical results from game
theory, evolutionary game theory and graph theory are used. More specifically,
each player is placed in a vertex of the graph and he is seen as an infinite
population of replicators which replicate within the vertex. At each time
instant, a game is played by two replicators belonging to different connected
vertices, and the outcome of the game influences their ability of producing
offspring. Then, the behavior of a vertex player is determined by the
distribution of strategies used by the internal replicators. Under suitable
hypotheses, the proposed model is equivalent to the classical replicator
equation. Extended simulations are performed to show the dynamical behavior of
the solutions and the potentialities of the developed model.


title:
A dual pair of optimization-based formulations for estimation and
  control

abstract:
  A finite-horizon optimal estimation problem for discrete-time linear systems
is formulated and solved. The formulation is a natural extension of that which
yields a deadbeat observer. The resultant observer is the dual of the
controller produced by the finite-horizon minimum energy control problem with
terminal equality constraint. Nonlinear extensions of this dual pair are also
considered and sufficient conditions are provided for stability and
convergence.


title:
An inelastic x-ray study of phonon broadening and charge density wave
  formation in ortho-II ordered YBa2Cu3O6.54

abstract:
  Inelastic x-ray scattering is used to investigate charge density wave (CDW)
formation and the low-energy lattice dynamics of the underdoped high
temperature superconductor ortho-II YBa2Cu3O6.54. We find that, for a
temperature ~1/3 of the CDW onset temperature (~155 K), the CDW order is static
within the resolution of the experiment, that is the inverse lifetime is less
than 0.3 meV. In the same temperature region, low-energy phonons near the
ordering wavevector of the CDW show large increases in their linewidths. This
contrasts with the usual behavior in CDW systems where the phonon anomalies are
strongest near the CDW onset temperature


title:
Giant phonon anomalies and central peak due to charge density wave
  formation in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.6}$

abstract:
  The electron-phonon interaction is a major factor influencing the competition
between collective instabilities in correlated-electron materials, but its role
in driving high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprates remains poorly
understood. We have used high-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering to monitor
low-energy phonons in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6.6}$ (superconducting $\bf T_c = 61$
K), which is close to a charge density wave (CDW) instability. Phonons in a
narrow range of momentum space around the CDW ordering vector exhibit extremely
large superconductivity-induced lineshape renormalizations. These results imply
that the electron-phonon interaction has sufficient strength to generate
various anomalies in electronic spectra, but does not contribute significantly
to Cooper pairing. In addition, a quasi-elastic "central peak" due to CDW
nanodomains is observed in a wide temperature range above and below $\bf T_c$,
suggesting that the gradual onset of a spatially inhomogeneous CDW domain state
with decreasing temperature is a generic feature of the underdoped cuprates.


title: Stochastic Optimization of PCA with Capped MSG

abstract:
  We study PCA as a stochastic optimization problem and propose a novel
stochastic approximation algorithm which we refer to as "Matrix Stochastic
Gradient" (MSG), as well as a practical variant, Capped MSG. We study the
method both theoretically and empirically.


title:
Categorical crepant resolutions of singularities and the
  Tits-Freudenthal magic square

abstract:
  We prove that the tangent developables of the varieties appearing in the
third row of the Tits-Freudenthal magic square admit categorical crepant
resolutions of singularities.


title:
On the rationality of Poincar\'e series of Gorenstein algebras via
  Macaulay's correspondence

abstract:
  Let $A$ be a local Artinian Gorenstein ring with algebraically closed residue
field $A/{\frak M}=k$ of characteristic 0, and let $P_A(z) :=
\sum_{p=0}^{\infty} ({\mathrm{ Tor}}_p^A(k,k))z^p $ be its Poincar\'e series.
We prove that $P_A(z)$ is rational if either $\dim_k({{\frak M}^2/{\frak M}^3})
\leq 4 $ and $ \dim_k(A) \leq 16,$ or there exist $m\leq 4$ and $c$ such that
the Hilbert function $H_A(n)$ of $A$ is equal to $ m$ for $n\in [2,c]$ and
equal to 1 for $n > c$. The results are obtained thanks to a decomposition of
the apolar ideal $\mathrm {Ann}(F)$ when $F=G+H$ and $G$ and $H$ belong to
polynomial rings in different variables.


title: Galactic Kinematics from a Sample of Young Massive Stars

abstract:
  Based on published sources, we have created a kinematic database on 220
massive (>10 solar masses) young Galactic star systems located within <3 kpc of
the Sun. Out of them, approximately 100 objects are spectroscopic binary and
multiple star systems whose components are massive OB stars; the remaining
objects are massive Hipparcos B stars with parallax errors of no more than 10
percent. Based on the entire sample, we have constructed the Galactic rotation
curve, determined the circular rotation velocity of the solar neighborhood
around the Galactic center at Ro=8 kpc, Vo=259+-16 km/s, and obtained the
following spiral density wave parameters: the amplitudes of the radial and
azimuthal velocity perturbations f_R=-10.8+/-1.2 km/s, and f_\theta=7.9+/-1.3
km/s, respectively; the pitch angle for a two-armed spiral pattern i=-6.0+/-0.4
deg., with the wavelength of the spiral density wave near the Sun being
2.6+/-0.2 kpc; and the radial phase of the Sun in the spiral density wave
-120+/-4 deg. We show that such peculiarities of the Gould Belt as the local
expansion of the system, the velocity ellipsoid vertex deviation, and the
significant additional rotation can be explained in terms of the density wave
theory. All these effects decrease noticeably once the influence of the spiral
density wave on the velocities of nearby stars has been taken into account. The
influence of Gould Belt stars on the Galactic parameter estimates has also been
revealed. Eliminating them from the kinematic equations has led to the
following new values of the spiral density wave parameters: f_\theta=2.9+/-2.1
km/s and \chi_\odot=-104+/-6 deg.


title: Nuclear Pasta Formation

abstract:
  The formation of complex nonuniform phases of nuclear matter, known as
nuclear pasta, is studied with molecular dynamics simulations containing 51200
nucleons. A phenomenological nuclear interaction is used that reproduces the
saturation binding energy and density of nuclear matter. Systems are prepared
at an initial density of 0.10fm$^{-3}$ and then the density is decreased by
expanding the simulation volume at different rates to densities of 0.01
fm$^{-3}$ or less. An originally uniform system of nuclear matter is observed
to form spherical bubbles ("swiss cheese"), hollow tubes, flat plates
("lasagna"), thin rods ("spaghetti") and, finally, nearly spherical nuclei with
decreasing density. We explicitly observe nucleation mechanisms, with
decreasing density, for these different pasta phase transitions. Topological
quantities known as Minkowski functionals are obtained to characterize the
pasta shapes. Different pasta shapes are observed depending on the expansion
rate. This indicates non equilibrium effects. We use this to determine the best
ways to obtain lower energy states of the pasta system from MD simulations and
to place constrains on the equilibration time of the system.


title: Holonomy spin foam models: Asymptotic geometry of the partition function

abstract:
  We study the asymptotic geometry of the spin foam partition function for a
large class of models, including the models of Barrett and Crane, Engle,
Pereira, Rovelli and Livine, and, Freidel and Krasnov.
  The asymptotics is taken with respect to the boundary spins only, no
assumption of large spins is made in the interior. We give a sufficient
criterion for the existence of the partition function. We find that geometric
boundary data is suppressed unless its interior continuation satisfies certain
accidental curvature constraints. This means in particular that most Regge
manifolds are suppressed in the asymptotic regime. We discuss this explicitly
for the case of the configurations arising in the 3-3 Pachner move. We identify
the origin of these accidental curvature constraints as an incorrect twisting
of the face amplitude upon introduction of the Immirzi parameter and propose a
way to resolve this problem, albeit at the price of losing the connection to
the SU(2) boundary Hilbert space.
  The key methodological innovation that enables these results is the
introduction of the notion of wave front sets, and the adaptation of tools for
their study from micro local analysis to the case of spin foam partition
functions.


title:
The Nature of the Second Parameter in the IRX-beta Relation for Local
  Galaxies

abstract:
  We present an analysis of 98 galaxies of low-dust content, selected from the
Spitzer Local Volume Legacy survey, aimed at examining the relation between the
ultraviolet (UV) color, beta, and dust attenuation in normal star-forming
galaxies. The IRX-beta diagram relates the total dust attenuation in a galaxy,
traced by the far-IR (FIR) to UV ratio, to the observed UV color, indicated by
beta. Previous research has indicated that while starburst galaxies exhibit a
relatively tight IRX-beta relation, normal star-forming galaxies do not, and
have a much larger spread in the total-IR to far-UV (FUV) luminosity for a
fixed UV color. We examine the role that the age of the stellar population
plays as the "second parameter" responsible for the observed deviation and
spread of star-forming galaxies from the starburst relation. We model the FUV
to FIR spectral energy distribution (SED) of each galaxy according to two broad
bins of star formation history (SFH): constant and instantaneous burst. We find
clear trends between stellar population mean age estimators
(extinction-corrected FUV/NIR, U-B, and EW(H-alpha)) and the UV color, beta;
the trends are mostly driven by the galaxies best-described by instantaneous
burst populations. We also find a significant correlation between beta and the
mean age directly determined from the best-fit instantaneous models. As already
indicated by other authors, the UV attenuation in star-forming galaxies may not
be recovered with the UV color alone and is highly influenced by the stellar
population's mean age and SFH. Overall, the scatter in the IRX-beta diagram is
better correlated with beta than with the perpendicular distance.


title:
Extracting the trustworthiest way to service provider in complex online
  social networks

abstract:
  In complex online social networks, it is crucial for a service consumer to
extract the trustworthiest way to a target service provider from numerous
social trust paths between them. The extraction of the trustworthiest way
(namely, optimal social trust path (OSTP)) with multiple end-to-end quality of
trust (QoT) constraints has been proved to be NP-Complete. Heuristic algorithms
with polynomial and pseudo-polynomial-time complexities are often used to deal
with this challenging problem. However, existing solutions cannot guarantee the
efficiency of searching, that is, they can hardly avoid obtaining partial
optimal solutions during searching process. Quantum annealing uses
delocalization and tunneling to avoid falling into local minima without
sacrifying execution time. It has been proved to be a promising way to many
optimization problems in recently published literatures. In this paper, for the
first time, QA based OSTP algorithms (QA_OSTP) is applied to the extraction of
the trustworthiest way. The experiment results show that QA based algorithms
have better performance than its heuristic opponents.


title: The star forming region Monoceros R2 as a gamma-ray source

abstract:
  Context. After the release of the gamma-ray source catalog produced by the
Fermi satellite during its first two years of operation, a significant fraction
of sources still remain unassociated at lower energies. In addition to
well-known high-energy emitters (pulsars, blazars, supernova remnants, etc.)
theoretical expectations predict new classes of gamma-ray sources. In
particular, gamma-ray emission could be associated with some of the early
phases of stellar evolution, but this interesting possibility is still poorly
understood.
  Aims. The aim of this paper is to assess the possibility of the Fermi
gamma-ray source 2FGL J0607.5-0618c being associated with the massive star
forming region Monoceros R2.
  Methods. A multi-wavelength analysis of the Monoceros R2 region is carried
out using archival data at radio, infrared, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths.
The resulting observational properties are used to estimate the physical
parameters needed to test the different physical scenarios.
  Results. We confirm the 2FGL J0607.5-0618c detection with improved confidence
over the Fermi two-year catalog. We find that a combined effect of the multiple
young stellar objects in Monoceros R2 is a viable picture for the nature of the
source.


title: Stationary Black Holes as Holographs II

abstract:
  Smooth four-dimensional electrovac spacetimes in Einstein's theory are
considered each possessing a pair of null hypersurfaces, $H_1$ and $H_2$,
generated by expansion and shear free geodesically complete null congruences
such that they intersect on a two-dimensional spacelike surface, $Z=H_1\cap
H_2$. By making use of a combination of the Newman-Penrose formalism and the
null characteristic initial value problem it is shown that both the spacetime
geometry and the electromagnetic field are uniquely determined, in the domain
of dependence of $H_1\cup H_2$ once a complex vector field $\xi^A$ (determining
the metric induced on $Z$), the $\tau$ spin coefficient and the $\phi_1$
electromagnetic potential are specified on $Z$. The existence of a Killing
vector field---with respect to which the null hypersurfaces $H_1$ and $H_2$
comprise a bifurcate type Killing horizon---is also justified in the domain of
dependence of $H_1\cup H_2$. Since, in general, the freely specifiable data on
$Z$ do not have any sort of symmetry the corresponding spacetimes do not
possess any symmetry in addition to the horizon Killing vector field. Thereby,
they comprise the class of generic `stationary' distorted electrovac black hole
spacetimes. It is also shown that there are stationary distorted electrovac
black hole configurations such that parallelly propagated curvature blow up
occurs both to the future and to the past ends of some of the null generators
of their bifurcate Killing horizon, and also that this behavior is universal.
In particular, it is shown that, in the space of vacuum solutions to Einstein's
equations, in an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the Schwarzschild solution
this type of distorted vacuum black hole configurations always exist. A short
discussion on the relation of these results and some of the recent claims on
the instability of extremal black holes is also given.


title:
Simulation of wireless dynamic source routing protocol with IP traffic
  flow analysis, memory efficiency and increased throughput

abstract:
  Today in fast technology development in wireless mobile adhoc network there
is vast scope for research. As it is known that wireless communication for
mobile network has many application areas like routing services, security
services etc. The mobile adhoc network is the wireless network for
communication in which the mobile nodes are organized without any centralized
administrator. There are many Manet routing protocols like reactive, proactive,
hybrid etc. In this paper the reactive Manet routing protocol like DSR is
simulated for traffic analysis for 50 mobile nodes for IP traffic flows. Also
throughput is analyzed for DSR and ER-DSR protocol. And finally the memory
utilized during simulation of DSR and ER-DSR is evaluated in order to compare
both.


title:
Evolution of the distribution of wealth in an economic environment
  driven by local Nash equilibria

abstract:
  We present and analyze a model for the evolution of the wealth distribution
within a heterogeneous economic environment. The model considers a system of
rational agents interacting in a game theoretical framework, through fairly
general assumptions on the cost function. This evolution drives the dynamic of
the agents in both wealth and economic configuration variables. We consider a
regime of scale separation where the large scale dynamics is given by a
hydrodynamic closure with a Nash equilibrium serving as the local thermodynamic
equilibrium. The result is a system of gas dynamics-type equations for the
density and average wealth of the agents on large scales. We recover the
inverse gamma distribution as an equilibrium in the particular case of
quadratic cost functions which has been previously considered in the
literature.


title:
Experimental evidence of twin fast metastable H(2S) atoms from
  dissociation of cold H_2 induced by electrons

abstract:
  We report the direct detection of two metastable H(2S) atoms coming from the
dissociation of a single cold H_2 molecule, in coincidence measurements. The
molecular dissociation was induced by electron impact in order to avoid
limitations by the selection rules governing radiative transitions. Two
detectors, placed close from the collision center, measure the neutral
metastable H(2S) through a localized quenching process, which mixes the H(2S)
state with the H(2P), leading to a Lyman-\alpha detection. Our data show the
accomplishment of a coincidence measurement which proves for the first time the
existence of the H(2S)-H(2S) dissociation channel.


title:
Planet gaps in the dust layer of 3D proto-planetary disks: Observability
  with ALMA

abstract:
  Among the numerous known extrasolar planets, only a handful have been imaged
directly so far, at large orbital radii and in rather evolved systems. The
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) will have the capacity to
observe these wide planetary systems at a younger age, thus bringing a better
understanding of the planet formation process. Here we explore the ability of
ALMA to detect the gaps carved by planets on wide orbits.


title: Measuring anomalous $Wtb$ couplings at $e^-p$ collider

abstract:
  We study the accuracy with which the lowest order $CP$ conserving anomalous
$Wtb$ couplings in the single top quark production at the proposed large hadron
electron collider (LHeC) can be probed. The one dimensional distribution of
various kinematic observables at the parton level MC and their asymmetries
arising due to the presence of anomalous couplings both in the hadronic and
leptonic $W$ decay is examined. \par We find that at 95 \% C.L. the anomalous
coupling associated with the left handed vector current can be measured at an
accuracy of the order of $\sim 10^{-2}-10^{-3}$, while those associated with
the right handed vector and left as well as right handed tensor currents have
sensitivity at the order of $\sim 10^{-1}-10^{-2}$ for the systematic
uncertainty varying between 10\%-1\% at an integrated luminosity of 100
fb$^{-1}$. A comprehensive analysis of the combined covariance matrix derived
from all one dimensional distributions of kinematical observables is used to
compute the errors in anomalous couplings.


title:
Multi-Loop Zeta Function Regularization and Spectral Cutoff in Curved
  Spacetime

abstract:
  We emphasize the close relationship between zeta function methods and
arbitrary spectral cutoff regularizations in curved spacetime. This yields, on
the one hand, a physically sound and mathematically rigorous justification of
the standard zeta function regularization at one loop and, on the other hand, a
natural generalization of this method to higher loops. In particular, to any
Feynman diagram is associated a generalized meromorphic zeta function. For the
one-loop vacuum diagram, it is directly related to the usual spectral zeta
function. To any loop order, the renormalized amplitudes can be read off from
the pole structure of the generalized zeta functions. We focus on scalar field
theories and illustrate the general formalism by explicit calculations at
one-loop and two-loop orders, including a two-loop evaluation of the conformal
anomaly.


title: An efficient reconciliation algorithm for social networks

abstract:
  People today typically use multiple online social networks (Facebook,
Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, etc.). Each online network represents a subset of
their "real" ego-networks. An interesting and challenging problem is to
reconcile these online networks, that is, to identify all the accounts
belonging to the same individual. Besides providing a richer understanding of
social dynamics, the problem has a number of practical applications. At first
sight, this problem appears algorithmically challenging. Fortunately, a small
fraction of individuals explicitly link their accounts across multiple
networks; our work leverages these connections to identify a very large
fraction of the network.
  Our main contributions are to mathematically formalize the problem for the
first time, and to design a simple, local, and efficient parallel algorithm to
solve it. We are able to prove strong theoretical guarantees on the algorithm's
performance on well-established network models (Random Graphs, Preferential
Attachment). We also experimentally confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm
on synthetic and real social network data sets.


title: The influence of Strong Magnetic Field in Hyperonic Neutron Stars

abstract:
  The physics of neutron stars leads historically towards Landau's speculation.
Even before the discovery of the neutron, he postulated the possible existence
of stars more compact than white dwarfs, containing matter of the order of
nuclear density. From a modern point of view neutron stars are compact objects
maintained by the equilibrium between gravity and the degeneracy pressure of
the fermions together with a strong nuclear repulsion force due to the high
density reached in their interior. While the physics in the vicinity of nuclear
saturation density is well know from phenomenology, the physics of ultra-dense
nuclear matter is still an open puzzle. In this work we study dense nuclear
matter within a relativistic model, allowing hyperons to be present through
beta equilibrium. The presence of hyperons is justifiable since the
constituents of neutron stars are fermions. So, according to the Pauli
principle, as the baryon density increases, so do the Fermi momentum and the
Fermi energy. On the other hand, this hyperonic matter softens the equation of
state (EoS) and a recent measurement of pulsar PSR J1614-2230 implies that the
EoS has to be stiff enough to produce a 2.0 $M_{\odot}$ pulsar. We also
consider Duncan's magnetar ideas and study the influence of strong magnetic
fields on the EoS. We see that a strong magnetic field produces very massive
neutron stars, in agreement with the astronomical observations.


title: A New Basis of Geoscience: Whole-Earth Decompression Dynamics

abstract:
  Neither plate tectonics nor Earth expansion theory is sufficient to provide a
basis for understanding geoscience. Each theory is incomplete and possesses
problematic elements, but both have served as stepping stones to a more
fundamental and inclusive geoscience theory that I call Whole-Earth
Decompression Dynamics (WEDD). WEDD begins with and is the consequence of our
planet's early formation as a Jupiter-like gas giant and permits deduction
of:(1) Earth's internal composition, structure, and highly-reduced oxidation
state; (2) Core formation without whole-planet melting; (3) Powerful new
internal energy sources - proto-planetary energy of compression and georeactor
nuclear fission energy; (4) Georeactor geomagnetic field generation; (5)
Mechanism for heat emplacement at the base of the crust resulting in the
crustal geothermal gradient; (6) Decompression driven geodynamics that accounts
for the myriad of observations attributed to plate tectonics without requiring
physically-impossible mantle convection, and; (7) A mechanism for fold-mountain
formation that does not necessarily require plate collision. The latter
obviates the necessity to assume supercontinent cycles. Here, I review the
principles of Whole-Earth Decompression Dynamics and describe a new underlying
basis for geoscience and geology.


title:
Orbital-Selective Mottness in Layered Iron Oxychalcogenides: The Case of
  Na_{2}Fe_{2}OSe_{2}

abstract:
  Using a combination of th local-density approximtion (LDA) and dynamicla
mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations, we explore the correlated electronic
structure of a member of the layered Iron oxychalcogenide Na_{2}Fe_{2}OSe_{2}.
We find that the parent compund is a multi-orbital Mott insulator.
Surprisingly, and somewhat reminiscent of the doped high-T_{c} cuprates,
carrier localization is found to persist upon weak hole doping because the
chemical potential lies in a gap structure wit almost vanishing
density-of-states (DOS). On the other hand, in remarkable contrast, electron
doping drives an orbital-selective metallic phase (OSMP) with co-existing
pseudogapped (Mott localized) and itinerant carriers. These remarkably
contrasting behaviors in a single system thus stem from drastic electronic
reconstruction caused by large-scale transfe of dynamical spectral
weightinvolving states with distinct orbital character at low energies, putting
the Fe oxychalcogenidesneatly into the increasingly visible tendency of Fe-baed
systems as ones in orbital-selective Mott phases. We detail the implications of
our analysis, and discuss the nature and symmetry of the superconductive states
that may arise upon proper doping or pressurizing Na_{2}Fe_{2}OSe_{2}.


title: Modelling the Effects of User Learning on Forced Innovation Diffusion

abstract:
  Technology adoption theories assume that users' acceptance of an innovative
technology is on a voluntary basis. However, sometimes users are force to
accept an innovation. In this case users have to learn what it is useful for
and how to use it. This learning process will enable users to transit from zero
knowledge about the innovation to making the best use of it. So far the effects
of user learning on technology adoption have received little research
attention. In this paper - for the first time - we investigate the effects of
user learning on forced innovation adoption by using an agent-based simulation
approach using the case of forced smart metering deployments in the city of
Leeds


title: A stochastic maximal inequality, strict countability, and related topics

abstract:
  As an alternative to the well-known methods of "chaining" and "bracketing"
that have been developed in the study of random fields, a new method, which is
based on a stochastic maximal inequality derived by using It\^o's formula and
on a new concept named strict countability, is presented. The main results are
some weak convergence theorems for sequences of separable random fields of
locally square-integrable martingales under the uniform topology with the help
also of entropy methods. As special cases, some new results for i.i.d. random
sequences, including a new Donsker theorem and a moment bound for suprema of
empirical processes indexed by classes of sets or functions, are obtained. An
application to statistical estimation in semiparametric models is presented
with an illustration to construct adaptive estimators in Cox's regression
model.


title:
Fractional Diffusion-Telegraph Equations and their Associated Stochastic
  Solutions

abstract:
  We present the stochastic solution to a generalized fractional partial
differential equation involving a regularized operator related to the so-called
Prabhakar operator and admitting, amongst others, as specific cases the
fractional diffusion equation and the fractional telegraph equation. The
stochastic solution is expressed as a L\'evy process time-changed with the
inverse process to a linear combination of (possibly subordinated) independent
stable subordinators of different indices. Furthermore a related SDE is derived
and discussed.


title:
Classical and Quantum-Mechanical Axioms with the Higher Time Derivative
  Formalism

abstract:
  A Newtonian mechanics model is essentially the model of a point body in an
inertial reference frame. How to describe extended bodies in non-inertial
(vibrational) reference frames with the random initial conditions? One of the
most general description (known as the higher derivatives formalism) consists
in taking into account the infinite number of the higher order temporal
derivatives of the coordinates in the Lagrange function. Such formalism
describes physical objects in the infinite dimensional space does not
contradict quantum mechanics and infinite dimensional Hilbert space.


title:
In-Line Post-Process Scribing for Reducing Cell to Module Efficiency Gap
  in Monolithic Thin Film Photovoltaics

abstract:
  The gap between cell and module efficiency is a major challenge for all
photovoltaic (PV) technologies. For monolithic thin film PV modules, a
significant fraction of this gap has been attributed to parasitic shunts, and
other defects, distributed across the module. In this paper, we show that it is
possible to contain or isolate these shunt defects, using the state of the art
laser scribing processes, after the fabrication of the series connected module
is finished. We discuss three possible alternatives, and quantify the
performance gains for each technique. We demonstrate that using these
techniques, it is possible to recover up to 50% of the power lost to parasitic
shunts, which results in 1-2% (absolute) increase in module efficiencies for
typical thin film PV technologies.


title: Unsafe but Calculable: Ratios of Angularities in Perturbative QCD

abstract:
  Infrared- and collinear-safe (IRC-safe) observables have finite cross
sections to each fixed-order in perturbative QCD. Generically, ratios of
IRC-safe observables are themselves not IRC safe and do not have a valid
fixed-order expansion. Nevertheless, in this paper we present an explicit
method to calculate the cross section for a ratio observable in perturbative
QCD with the help of resummation. We take the IRC-safe jet angularities as an
example and consider the ratio formed from two angularities with different
angular exponents. While the ratio observable is not IRC safe, it is "Sudakov
safe", meaning that the perturbative Sudakov factor exponentially suppresses
the singular region of phase space. At leading logarithmic (LL) order, the
distribution is finite but has a peculiar expansion in the square root of the
strong coupling constant, a consequence of IRC unsafety. The accuracy of the LL
distribution can be further improved with higher-order resummation and
fixed-order matching. Non-perturbative effects can sometimes give rise to order
one changes in the distribution, but at sufficiently high energies Q, Sudakov
safety leads to non-perturbative corrections that scale like a (fractional)
power of 1/Q, as is familiar for IRC-safe observables. We demonstrate that
Monte Carlo parton showers give reliable predictions for the ratio observable,
and we discuss the prospects for computing other ratio observables using our
method.


title:
Dynamic universality class of Model C from the functional
  renormalization group

abstract:
  We establish new scaling properties for the universality class of Model C,
which describes relaxational critical dynamics of a nonconserved order
parameter coupled to a conserved scalar density. We find an anomalous diffusion
phase, which satisfies weak dynamic scaling while the conserved density
diffuses only asymptotically. The properties of the phase diagram for the
dynamic critical behavior include a significantly extended weak scaling region,
together with a strong and a decoupled scaling regime. These calculations are
done directly in 2 < d < 4 space dimensions within the framework of the
nonperturbative functional renormalization group. The scaling exponents
characterizing the different phases are determined along with subleading
indices featuring the stability properties.


title: New N=1 dualities from orientifold transitions - Part II: String Theory

abstract:
  We present a string theoretical description, given in terms of branes and
orientifolds wrapping vanishing cycles, of the dual pairs of gauge theories
analyzed in 1210.7799. Based on the resulting construction we argue that the
duality that we observe in field theory is inherited from S-duality of type IIB
string theory. We analyze in detail the complex cone over the zeroth del Pezzo
surface and discuss an infinite family of orbifolds of flat space. For the del
Pezzo case we describe the system in terms of large volume objects, and show
that in this language the duality can be understood from the strongly coupled
behavior of the O7^+ plane, which we analyze using simple F-theory
considerations. For all cases we also give a different argument based on the
existence of appropriate torsional components of the 3-form flux lattice. Along
the way we clarify some aspects of the description of orientifolds in the
derived category of coherent sheaves, and in particular we discuss the
important role played by exotic orientifolds - ordinary orientifolds composed
with auto-equivalences of the category - when describing orientifolds of
ordinary quiver gauge theories.


title: Growth of brightest cluster galaxies via mergers since z = 1

abstract:
  Hierarchical assembly within clusters of galaxies is tied directly to the
evolution of the Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs), which dominate the stellar
light in the centres of rich clusters. In this paper we investigate the number
of mergers onto BCGs in 14 X-ray selected clusters over the redshift range 0.8
< z < 1.4 using HST imaging data. We find significant differences in the
numbers of companion galaxies to BCGs between the clusters in our sample
indicating that BCGs in similar mass clusters can have very different merging
histories. Within a 50 kpc radius around the BCGs we find an average of 6.45
\pm 1.15 companion galaxies with mass ratios (companion:BCG) between 1:1 and
1:20. The infalling companions show a 50/50 split between major (1:1 - 1:2) and
minor (1:3 - 1:20) mergers. When compared to similar work using lower redshift
clusters, these results demonstrate that both major and minor merging was more
common in the past. Since the dynamical timescales for merging onto the BCG are
relatively short compared with the look-back time to z ~ 1 our results suggest
that the BCG stellar mass may increase by as much as 1.8 times since z = 1.
However the growth rate of BCGs will be substantially less if stripped material
from nearby companions ends up in the diffuse intracluster light.


title: On exact minimization of Higgs potentials

abstract:
  Minimizing the Higgs potential is an essential task in any model involving
Higgs bosons. Exact minimization methods proposed in the literature are based
on the polynomial form of the potential. These methods will in general no
longer work if loop contributions to the potential are taken into account. We
present a method to keep the tree level global minimum unchanged in passing to
the effective potential. We illustrate the method for the case of the Minimal
Supersymmetric Model (MSSM).


title:
Exact Classification of Landau-Majorana-St\"uckelberg-Zener Resonances
  By Floquet Determinants

abstract:
  Recent experiments have shown that Landau-Majorana-Stuckelberg-Zener (LMSZ)
interferometry is a powerful tool for demonstrating and exploiting quantum
coherence not only in atomic systems but also in a variety of solid state
quantum systems such as spins in quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and
nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. In this work, we propose and develop a
general (and, in principle, exact) theoretical formalism to identify and
characterize the interference resonances that are the hallmark of LMSZ
interferometry. Unlike earlier approaches, our scheme does not require any
approximations, allowing us to uncover important and previously unknown
features of the resonance structure. We also discuss the experimental
observability of our results.


title: A Model For Halo Formation With Axion Mixed Dark Matter

abstract:
  There are several issues to do with dwarf galaxy predictions in the standard
$\Lambda$CDM cosmology that have suscitated much recent debate about the
possible modification of the nature of dark matter as providing a solution. We
explore a novel solution involving ultra-light axions that can potentially
resolve the missing satellites problem, the cusp-core problem, and the `too big
to fail' problem. We discuss approximations to non-linear structure formation
in dark matter models containing a component of ultra-light axions across four
orders of magnitude in mass, $10^{-24}\text{ eV}\lesssim m_a \lesssim
10^{-20}\text{ eV}$, a range too heavy to be well constrained by linear
cosmological probes such as the CMB and matter power spectrum, and too
light/non-interacting for other astrophysical or terrestrial axion searches. We
find that an axion of mass $m_a\approx 10^{-21}\text{ eV}$ contributing
approximately $85\%$ of the total dark matter can introduce a significant kpc
scale core in a typical Milky Way satellite galaxy in sharp contrast to a
thermal relic with a transfer function cut off at the same scale, while still
allowing such galaxies to form in significant number. Therefore ultra-light
axions do not suffer from the \emph{Catch 22} that applies to using a warm dark
matter as a solution to the small scale problems of cold dark matter. Our model
simultaneously allows formation of enough high redshift galaxies to allow
reconciliation with observational constraints, and also reduces the maximum
circular velocities of massive dwarfs so that baryonic feedback may more
plausibly resolve the predicted overproduction of massive MWG dwarf satellites.


title:
A direct measurement of the linear bias of mid-infrared-selected quasars
  at z~1 using cosmic microwave background lensing

abstract:
  We measure the cross-power spectrum of the projected mass density as traced
by the convergence of the cosmic microwave background lensing field from the
South Pole Telescope (SPT) and a sample of Type 1 and 2 (unobscured and
obscured) quasars at z~1 selected with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,
over 2500 deg^2. The cross-power spectrum is detected at ~7-sigma, and we
measure a linear bias b=1.67+/-0.24, consistent with clustering analyses. Using
an independent lensing map, derived from Planck observations, to measure the
cross-spectrum, we find excellent agreement with the SPT analysis. The bias of
the combined sample of Type 1 and 2 quasars determined in this work is similar
to that previously determined for Type 1 quasars alone; we conclude that that
obscured and unobscured quasars must trace the matter field in a similar way.
This result has implications for our understanding of quasar unification and
evolution schemes.


title:
Finite-temperature properties of strongly correlated fermions in the
  honeycomb lattice

abstract:
  We study finite-temperature properties of strongly interacting fermions in
the honeycomb lattice using numerical linked-cluster expansions and
determinantal quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We analyze a number of
thermodynamic quantities, including the entropy, the specific heat, uniform and
staggered spin susceptibilities, short-range spin correlations, and the double
occupancy at and away from half filling. We examine the viability of adiabatic
cooling by increasing the interaction strength for homogeneous as well as for
trapped systems. For the homogeneous case, this process is found to be more
efficient at finite doping than at half filling. That, in turn, leads to an
efficient adiabatic cooling in the presence of a trap which, starting with even
relatively high entropies, can drive the system to have a Mott insulating phase
with substantial antiferromagnetic correlations.


title:
Piecewise linear approximations of the standard normal first order loss
  function

abstract:
  The first order loss function and its complementary function are extensively
used in practical settings. When the random variable of interest is normally
distributed, the first order loss function can be easily expressed in terms of
the standard normal cumulative distribution and probability density function.
However, the standard normal cumulative distribution does not admit a closed
form solution and cannot be easily linearised. Several works in the literature
discuss approximations for either the standard normal cumulative distribution
or the first order loss function and their inverse. However, a comprehensive
study on piecewise linear upper and lower bounds for the first order loss
function is still missing. In this work, we initially summarise a number of
distribution independent results for the first order loss function and its
complementary function. We then extend this discussion by focusing first on
random variable featuring a symmetric distribution, and then on normally
distributed random variables. For the latter, we develop effective piecewise
linear upper and lower bounds that can be immediately embedded in MILP models.
These linearisations rely on constant parameters that are independent of the
mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution of interest. We finally
discuss how to compute optimal linearisation parameters that minimise the
maximum approximation error.


title: The Hot and Energetic Universe: The Optical Design of the Athena+ Mirror

abstract:
  The Athena+ X-ray mirror will provide a collecting area of 2 m^2 at 1 keV and
an angular resolution of 5 arc seconds Half Energy Width. The manufacture and
performance of this mirror is of paramount importance to the success of the
mission. In order to provide the large collecting area a single aperture of
diameter ~3 m must be densely populated with grazing incidence X-ray optics and
to achieve the high angular resolution these optics must be of extremely high
precision and aligned to tight tolerances. A large field of view of ~40 arc
minutes diameter is possible using a combination of innovative technology and
careful optical design. The large collecting area and large field of view
deliver an impressive grasp of 0.5 deg^2 m^2 at 1 keV and the angular
resolution will result in a source position accuracy of better than 1 arc
second. The Silicon Pore Optics technology (SPO) which will deliver the
impressive performance of the Athena+ mirror was developed uniquely by ESA and
Cosine Measurement Systems specifically for the next generation of X-ray
observatories and Athena+ represents the culmination of over 10 years of
intensive technology developments. In this paper we describe the X-ray optics
design, using SPO, which makes Athena+ possible for launch in 2028.


title:
Observational evidence for dissociative shocks in the inner 100 AU of
  low-mass protostars using Herschel-HIFI

abstract:
  Herschel-HIFI spectra of H2O towards low-mass protostars show a distinct
velocity component not seen in observations from the ground of CO or other
species. The aim is to characterise this component in terms of excitation
conditions and physical origin. A velocity component with an offset of ~10 km/s
detected in spectra of the H2O 110-101 557 GHz transition towards six low-mass
protostars in the 'Water in star-forming regions with Herschel' (WISH)
programme is also seen in higher-excited H2O lines. The emission from this
component is quantified and excitation conditions are inferred using 1D slab
models. Data are compared to observations of hydrides (high-J CO, OH+, CH+, C+,
OH) where the same component is uniquely detected. The velocity component is
detected in all 6 targeted H2O transitions (Eup~50-250K), and in CO 16-15
towards one source, Ser SMM1. Inferred excitation conditions imply that the
emission arises in dense (n~5x10^6-10^8 cm^-3) and hot (T~750K) gas. The H2O
and CO column densities are ~10^16 and 10^18 cm^-2, respectively, implying a
low H2O abundance of 10^-2 with respect to CO. The high column densities of
ions such as OH+ and CH+ (both ~10^13 cm^-2) indicate an origin close to the
protostar where the UV field is strong enough that these species are abundant.
The estimated radius of the emitting region is 100AU. This component likely
arises in dissociative shocks close to the protostar, an interpretation
corroborated by a comparison with models of such shocks. Furthermore, one of
the sources, IRAS4A, shows temporal variability in the offset component over a
period of two years which is expected from shocks in dense media. High-J CO gas
detected with Herschel-PACS with Trot~700K is identified as arising in the same
component and traces the part of the shock where H2 reforms. Thus, H2O reveals
new dynamical components, even on small spatial scales in low-mass protostars.


title: Doubly-charged particles at the Large Hadron Collider

abstract:
  In this work we investigate the production and signatures of doubly-charged
particles at the Large Hadron Collider. We start with the Standard Model
particle content and representations and add generic doubly-charged exotic
particles. We classify these doubly-charged states according to their spin,
considering scalar, fermionic and vectorial fields, and according to their
SU(2)L representation, being chosen to be either trivial, fundamental, or
adjoint. We write the most general interactions between them and the Standard
Model sector and study their production modes and possible decay channels. We
then probe how they can most likely be observed and how particles with
different spin and SU(2)L representations could be possibly distinguished.


title:
The Jubilee ISW Project I: simulated ISW and weak lensing maps and
  initial power spectra results

abstract:
  We present initial results from the Jubilee ISW project, which models the
expected \LambdaCDM Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect in the Jubilee
simulation. The simulation volume is (6 Gpc/h)^3, allowing power on very
large-scales to be incorporated into the calculation. Haloes are resolved down
to a mass of 1.5x10^12 M_sun/h, which allows us to derive a catalogue of mock
Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) for cross-correlation analysis with the ISW
signal. We find the ISW effect observed on a projected sky to grow stronger at
late times with the evolution of the ISW power spectrum matching expectations
from linear theory. Maps of the gravitational lensing effect, including the
convergence and deflection fields, are calculated using the same potential as
for the ISW. We calculate the redshift dependence of the ISW-LRG
cross-correlation signal for a full sky survey with no noise considerations.
For l < 30, the signal is strongest for lower redshift bins (z ~ 0.2 to 0.5),
whereas for l > 30 the signal is best observed with surveys covering z ~
0.6-1.0.


title: Exchangeable Markov Processes on $[k]^{\zz{N}}$ with Cadlag Sample Paths

abstract:
  Any exchangeable Markov processes on $[k]^{\mathbb{N}}$ with cadlag sample
paths projects to a Markov process on the simplex whose sample paths are cadlag
and of locally bounded variation. Furthermore, any such process has a de
Finetti-type description as a mixture of i.i.d. copies of time-inhomogeneous
Markov processes on $[k]$. In the Feller case, these time-inhomogeneous Markov
processes have a relatively simple structure; however, in the non-Feller case a
greater variety of behaviors is possible since the transition law of the
underlying Markov process on $[k]^{\zz{N}}$ can depend in a non-trivial way on
the exchangeable $\sigma$-algebra of the process.


title: Can Bohmian mechanics be made relativistic?

abstract:
  In relativistic space-time, Bohmian theories can be formulated by introducing
a privileged foliation of space-time. The introduction of such a foliation - as
extra absolute space-time structure - would seem to imply a clear violation of
Lorentz invariance, and thus a conflict with fundamental relativity. Here, we
consider the possibility that, instead of positing it as extra structure, the
required foliation could be covariantly determined by the wave function. We
argue that this allows for the formulation of Bohmian theories that seem to
qualify as fundamentally Lorentz invariant. We conclude with some discussion of
whether or not they might also qualify as fundamentally relativistic.


title: Population of rotational states in the ground-band of fission fragments

abstract:
  The population of rotational states in the ground-state band of neutron-rich
fragments emitted in the spontaneous fission of $^{252}$Cf is described within
a time-dependent quantum model similar to the one used for Coulomb excitation.
The initial population probability of the states included in the selected basis
is calculated according to the bending model at scission. Subsequently these
initial amplitudes are feeding the coupled dynamical equations describing the
population of rotational states in both fragments during the tunneling and
post-barrier (pure Coulomb) motion. As application we consider the high yield
Mo-Ba pair for different number of emitted neutrons.


title: Random Raman lasing

abstract:
  Propagation of light in a highly scattering medium is among the most
fascinating optical effect that everyone experiences on an everyday basis and
possesses a number of fundamental problems which have yet to be solved.
Conventional wisdom suggests that non-linear effects do not play a significant
role because the diffusive nature of scattering acts to spread the intensity,
dramatically weakening these effects. We demonstrate the first experimental
evidence of lasing on a Raman transition in a bulk three-dimensional random
media. From a practical standpoint, Raman transitions allow for spectroscopic
analysis of the chemical makeup of the sample. A random Raman laser could serve
as a bright Raman source allowing for remote, chemically specific,
identification of powders and aerosols. Fundamentally, the first demonstration
of this new light source opens up an entire new field of study into non-linear
light propagation in turbid media, with the most notable application related to
non-invasive biomedical imaging.


title: Evidence of a Gamma Distribution for Prime Powers

abstract:
  If the prime numbers are pseudo-randomly distributed, then analogy with
quantum systems suggests that counting primes might be modeled by a
non-homogeneous Poisson process. Consequently, postulating underlying gamma
statistics, more-or-less standard heuristic arguments borrowed from quantum
mechanics in the context of functional integration allows to derive analytic
expressions of several average counting functions associated with prime
numbers. The expressions are certain sums of incomplete gamma functions that
are closely related to logarithmic-type integral functions --- which in turn
are well-known to give the asymptotic dependence of the various counting
functions up to error terms. The relatively broad success of quantum heuristics
applied to functional integrals in general along with the excellent numerical
accuracy of the analytic expressions for the average counting functions provide
strong evidence of a gamma distribution for prime powers.


title: Graph-based Approach to Automatic Taxonomy Generation (GraBTax)

abstract:
  We propose a novel graph-based approach for constructing concept hierarchy
from a large text corpus. Our algorithm, GraBTax, incorporates both statistical
co-occurrences and lexical similarity in optimizing the structure of the
taxonomy. To automatically generate topic-dependent taxonomies from a large
text corpus, GraBTax first extracts topical terms and their relationships from
the corpus. The algorithm then constructs a weighted graph representing topics
and their associations. A graph partitioning algorithm is then used to
recursively partition the topic graph into a taxonomy. For evaluation, we apply
GraBTax to articles, primarily computer science, in the CiteSeerX digital
library and search engine. The quality of the resulting concept hierarchy is
assessed by both human judges and comparison with Wikipedia categories.


title: Identifying change patterns in software history

abstract:
  Traditional algorithms for detecting differences in source code focus on
differences between lines. As such, little can be learned about abstract
changes that occur over time within a project. Structural differencing on the
program's abstract syntax tree reveals changes at the syntactic level within
code, which allows us to further process the differences to understand their
meaning. We propose that grouping of changes by some metric of similarity,
followed by pattern extraction via antiunification will allow us to identify
patterns of change within a software project from the sequence of changes
contained within a Version Control System (VCS). Tree similarity metrics such
as a tree edit distance can be used to group changes in order to identify
groupings that may represent a single class of change (e.g., adding a parameter
to a function call). By applying antiunification within each group we are able
to generalize from families of concrete changes to patterns of structural
change. Studying patterns of change at the structural level, instead of
line-by-line, allows us to gain insight into the evolution of software.


title: Blue shifting of the A exciton peak in folded monolayer 1H-MoS2

abstract:
  The large family of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides is widely
believed to constitute a second family of two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting
materials that can be used to create novel devices that complement those based
on graphene. In many cases these materials have shown a transition from an
indirect bandgap in the bulk to a direct bandgap in monolayer systems. In this
work we experimentally show that folding a 1H molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
layer results in a turbostratic stack with enhanced photoluminescence quantum
yield and a significant shift to the blue by 90 meV. This is in contrast to the
expected 2H-MoS2 band structure characteristics, which include an indirect gap
and quenched photoluminescence. We present a theoretical explanation to the
origin of this behavior in terms of exciton screening.


title:
Linear bound in terms of maxmaxflow for the chromatic roots of
  series-parallel graphs

abstract:
  We prove that the (real or complex) chromatic roots of a series-parallel
graph with maxmaxflow Lambda lie in the disc |q-1| < (Lambda-1)/log 2. More
generally, the same bound holds for the (real or complex) roots of the
multivariate Tutte polynomial when the edge weights lie in the "real
antiferromagnetic regime" -1 \le v_e \le 0. This result is within a factor
1/log 2 \approx 1.442695 of being sharp


title: The fixed point property in every weak homotopy type

abstract:
  The Brouwer fixed point theorem states that the disk $D^n$ has the fixed
point property. More generally, by the Lefschetz fixed point theorem any
compact ANR with trivial rational homology has the fixed point property. In
this note we prove that for any connected compact CW-complex $K$ there exists a
space $X$ weak homotopy equivalent to $K$ which has the fixed point property.
The result is known to be false if we require $X$ to be a polyhedron. The space
$X$ we construct is a non-Hausdorff space with finitely many points.


title:
Transmission grid extensions during the build-up of a fully renewable
  pan-European electricity supply

abstract:
  Spatio-temporal generation patterns for wind and solar photovoltaic power in
Europe are used to investigate the future rise in transmission needs with an
increasing penetration of these variable renewable energy sources (VRES) on the
pan-European electricity system. VRES growth predictions according to the
official National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the EU countries are used
and extrapolated logistically up to a fully VRES-supplied power system. We find
that keeping today's international net transfer capacities (NTCs) fixed over
the next forty years reduces the final need for backup energy by 13% when
compared to the situation with no NTCs. An overall doubling of today's NTCs
will lead to a 26% reduction, and an overall quadrupling to a 33% reduction.
The remaining need for backup energy is due to correlations in the generation
patterns, and cannot be further reduced by transmission. The main investments
in transmission lines are due during the ramp-up of VRES from 15% (as planned
for 2020) to 80%. Additionally, our results show how the optimal mix between
wind and solar energy shifts from about 70% to 80% wind share as the
transmission grid is enhanced. Finally, we exemplify how reinforced
transmission affects the import and export opportunities of single countries
during the VRES ramp-up.


title: Exploring the $D^*\rho$ system within QCD sum rules

abstract:
  We present a study of the $D^*\rho$ system made by using the method of QCD
sum rules to determine the mass of possible resonances generated in the same
system. Using isospin and spin projectors, we investigate the different
configurations and obtain evidences for three $D^*$ mesons with isospin
$I=1/2$, spin S=0, 1, 2 and with masses $2500\pm 67$ MeV, $2523\pm60$ MeV, and
$2439\pm119$ MeV, respectively. The last state can be associated with
$D^*_2(2460)$ (spin 2) listed by the Particle Data Group, while one of the
first two might be related to $D^*(2640)$, with unknown spin-parity. In the
case of $I=3/2$ we also find evidences of three states with spin 0, 1 and 2,
respectively, with masses $2467\pm82$ MeV, $2420\pm128$ MeV, and $2550\pm56$
MeV. The results for the sector $I=1/2$ and S=0, 1, 2, are intriguingly similar
to a previous study of the $D^*\rho$ system based on effective field theories,
supporting in this way a molecular picture for the resonances $D^*(2640)$ and
$D^*_2(2460)$, while the results for $I=3/2$ hint towards the existence of
exotic mesons since a multiquark configuration is required to get the quantum
numbers of the states found.


title: Frame dragging and Eulerian frames in General Relativity

abstract:
  The physical interpretation of cold dark matter perturbations is clarified by
associating Bertschinger's Poisson gauge with a Eulerian/observer's frame of
reference. We obtain such an association by using a Lagrangian approach to
relativistic cosmological structure formation. Explicitly, we begin with the
second-order solution of the Einstein equations in a synchronous/comoving
coordinate system---which defines the Lagrangian frame, and transform it to a
Poissonian coordinate system. The generating vector of this coordinate/gauge
transformation is found to be the relativistic displacement field. The metric
perturbations in the Poissonian coordinate system contain known results from
standard/Eulerian Newtonian perturbation theory, but contain also purely
relativistic corrections. On sub-horizon scales these relativistic corrections
are dominated by the Newtonian bulk part. These corrections however set up
non-linear constraints for the density and for the velocity which become
important on scales close to the horizon. Furthermore, we report the occurence
of a transverse component in the displacement field, and find that it induces a
non-linear frame dragging as seen in the observer's frame, which is
sub-dominant at late-times and sub-horizon scales. Finally, we find two other
gauges which can be associated with a Eulerian frame. We argue that the Poisson
gauge is to be preferred because it comes with the simplest physical
interpretation.


title:
Theory of asymmetric and negative differential magnon tunneling under
  temperature bias: Towards a spin Seebeck diode and transistor

abstract:
  We study the nonequilibrium transport for the asymmetric and negative
differential magnon tunneling driven by temperature bias. We demonstrate that
the many-body magnon interaction that makes the magnonic spectrum
temperature-dependent is the crucial factor for the emergence of rectification
and negative differential spin Seebeck effects in magnon tunneling junctions.
When magnonic junctions have temperature-dependent density of states, reversing
the temperature bias is able to give asymmetric spin currents and increasing
temperature bias could give an anomalously decreasing magnonic spin current. We
show that these properties are relevant for building spin Seebeck diodes and
transistors, which could play important roles in controlling information and
energy in magnonics and spin caloritronics.


title: Measurements of Coronal Faraday Rotation at 4.6 Solar Radii

abstract:
  Many competing models for the coronal heating and acceleration mechanisms of
the high-speed solar wind depend on the solar magnetic field and plasma
structure in the corona within heliocentric distances of $5R_\odot$. We report
on sensitive VLA full-polarization observations made in August, 2011, at 5.0
and 6.1 GHz (each with a bandwidth of 128 MHz) of the radio galaxy 3C228
through the solar corona at heliocentric distances of $4.6-5.0R_\odot$.
Observations at 5.0 GHz permit measurements deeper in the corona than previous
VLA observations at 1.4 and 1.7 GHz. These Faraday rotation observations
provide unique information on the magnetic field in this region of the corona.
The measured Faraday rotation on this day was lower than our a priori
expectations, but we have successfully modeled the measurement in terms of
observed properties of the corona on the day of observation. Our data on 3C228
provide two lines of sight (separated by 46'', 33,000 km in the corona). We
detected three periods during which there appeared to be a difference in the
Faraday rotation measure between these two closely spaced lines of sight. These
measurements (termed differential Faraday rotation) yield an estimate of $2.6$
to $4.1$ GA for coronal currents. Our data also allow us to impose upper limits
on rotation measure fluctuations caused by coronal waves; the observed upper
limits were $3.3$ and $6.4$ rad/m$^2$ along the two lines of sight. The
implications of these results for Joule heating and wave heating are briefly
discussed.


title:
Linear-time generation of specifiable combinatorial structures: general
  theory and first examples

abstract:
  Various specifiable combinatorial structures, with d extensive parameters,
can be exactly sampled both by the recursive method, with linear arithmetic
complexity if a heavy preprocessing is performed, or by the Boltzmann method,
with complexity Theta(n^{1+d/2}). We discuss a modified recursive method,
crucially based on the asymptotic expansion of the associated saddle-point
integrals, which can be adopted for a large number of such structures (e.g.
partitions, permutations, lattice walks, trees, random graphs, all with a
variety of prescribed statistics and/or constraints). The new algorithm
requires no preprocessing, still it has linear complexity on average. In terms
of bit complexity, instead of arithmetic, we only have extra logarithmic
factors. For many families of structures, this provides, at our knowledge, the
only known quasi-linear generators. We present the general theory, and detail a
specific example: the partitions of n elements into k non-empty blocks, counted
by the Stirling numbers of the second kind. These objects are involved in the
exact sampling of minimal automata with prescribed alphabet size and number of
states, which is thus performed here with average Theta(n ln n) bit complexity,
outbreaking all previously known Theta(n^{3/2}) algorithms.


title: Pure injective and absolutely pure sheaves

abstract:
  We study two notions of purity in categories of sheaves: the categorical and
the geometric. It is shown that pure injective envelopes exist in both cases
under very general assumptions on the scheme. Finally we introduce the class of
locally absolutely pure (quasi--coherent) sheaves, with respect to the
geometrical purity, and characterize locally Noetherian closed subschemes of a
projective scheme in terms of the new class.


title:
Design of Information and Telecommunication Systems with the Usage of
  the Multi-Layer Graph Model

abstract:
  Considered in the paper is the overlaid nature of modern telecommunication
networks and expediency of usage the multi-layer graph model for its design.
General statement of design problem is given. The design method in general
using multi-layer graph model and its application for a typical information and
telecommunication system is proposed.


title:
Does Size Matter? The Underlying Intrinsic Size Distribution of Radio
  Sources and Implications for Unification by Orientation

abstract:
  Unification by orientation is a ubiquitous concept in the study of active
galactic nuclei. A gold standard of the orientation paradigm is the hypothesis
that radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars are intrinsically the same, but are
observed over different ranges of viewing angles. Historically, strong support
for this model was provided by the projected sizes of radio structure in
luminous radio galaxies, which were found to be significantly larger than those
of quasars, as predicted due to simple geometric projection. Recently, this
test of the simplest prediction of orientation-based models has been revisited
with larger samples that cover wider ranges of fundamental properties---and no
clear difference in projected sizes of radio structure is found. Cast solely in
terms of viewing angle effects, these results provide convincing evidence that
unification of these objects solely through orientation fails. However, it is
possible that conflicting results regarding the role orientation plays in our
view of radio sources simply result from insufficient sampling of their
intrinsic size distribution. We test this possibility using Monte-Carlo
simulations constrained by real sample sizes and properties. We develop models
for the real intrinsic size distribution of radio sources, simulate
observations by randomly sampling intrinsic sizes and viewing angles, and
analyze how likely each sample is to support or dispute unification by
orientation. We find that, while it is possible to reconcile conflicting
results purely within a simple, orientation-based framework, it is very
unlikely. We analyze the effects that sample size, relative numbers of radio
galaxies and quasars, the critical angle that separates the two subclasses, and
the shape of the intrinsic size distribution have on this type of test.


title: An effective model of QCD thermodynamics

abstract:
  A combined effective model reproducing the equation of state of hadronic
matter as obtained in recent lattice QCD simulations is presented. The model
reproduces basic physical characteristics encountered in dense hadronic matter
in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase and the lower temperature hadron
resonance gas phase. The hadronic phase is described by means of an extended
Mott-Hagedorn resonance gas while the QGP phase is described by the extended
PNJL model. The dissociation of hadrons is obtained by including the state
dependent hadron resonance width.


title:
The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey: A First Sensitive Look at the
  High-Energy Cosmic X-ray Background Population

abstract:
  We report on the first ten identifications of sources serendipitously
detected by the NuSTAR to provide the first sensitive census of the cosmic
X-ray background (CXB) source population at >10 keV. We find that these
NuSTAR-detected sources are ~100x fainter than those previously detected at >10
keV and have a broad range in redshift and luminosity (z=0.020-2.923 and
L_10-40 keV~4x10^{41}-5x10^{45} erg/s); the median redshift and luminosity are
z~0.7 and L_10-40 keV~3x10^{44} erg/s, respectively. We characterize these
sources on the basis of broad-band ~0.5-32 keV spectroscopy, optical
spectroscopy, and broad-band ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared SED analyzes. We find
that the dominant source population is quasars with L_10-40 keV>10^{44} erg/s,
of which ~50% are obscured with N_H>10^{22} cm^{-2}. However, none of the ten
NuSTAR sources are Compton thick (N_H>10^{24} cm^{-2}) and we place a 90%
confidence upper limit on the fraction of Compton-thick quasars (L_10-40
keV>10^{44} erg/s) selected at >10 keV of ~33% over the redshift range
z=0.5-1.1. We jointly fitted the rest-frame ~10-40 keV data for all of the
non-beamed sources with L_10-40 keV>10^{43} erg/s to constrain the average
strength of reflection; we find R<1.4 for \Gamma=1.8, broadly consistent with
that found for local AGNs observed at >10 keV. We also constrain the host
galaxy masses and find a median stellar mass of ~10^{11} M_sun, a factor ~5
times higher than the median stellar mass of nearby high-energy selected AGNs,
which may be at least partially driven by the order of magnitude higher X-ray
luminosities of the NuSTAR sources. Within the low source-statistic limitations
of our study, our results suggest that the overall properties of the NuSTAR
sources are broadly similar to those of nearby high-energy selected AGNs but
scaled up in luminosity and mass.


title: Self-dual Maxwell-Chern-Simons solitons from a Lorentz-violating model

abstract:
  Self-dual abelian Higgs system, involving both the Maxwell and Chern-Simons
terms are obtained from Carroll-Field-Jackiw theory by dimensional reduction.
Bogomol'nyi-type equations are studied from theoretical and numerical point of
view. In particular we show that the solutions of these equations are
Nielsen-Olesen vortices with electric charge.


title: Signpost of Multiple Planets in Debris Disks

abstract:
  We review the nearby debris disk structures revealed by multi-wavelength
images from Spitzer and Herschel, and complemented with detailed spectral
energy distribution modeling. Similar to the definition of habitable zones
around stars, debris disk structures should be identified and characterized in
terms of dust temperatures rather than physical distances so that the heating
power of different spectral type of stars is taken into account and common
features in disks can be discussed and compared directly. Common features, such
as warm (~150 K) dust belts near the water-ice line and cold (~50 K)
Kuiper-belt analogs, give rise to our emerging understanding of the levels of
order in debris disk structures and illuminate various processes about the
formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. In light of the disk
structures in the debris disk twins (Vega and Fomalhaut), and the current
limits on the masses of planetary objects, we suggest that the large gap
between the warm and cold dust belts is the best signpost for multiple
(low-mass) planets beyond the water-ice line.


title:
Host mobility drives pathogen competition in spatially structured
  populations

abstract:
  Interactions among multiple infectious agents are increasingly recognized as
a fundamental issue in the understanding of key questions in public health,
regarding pathogen emergence, maintenance, and evolution. The full description
of host-multipathogen systems is however challenged by the multiplicity of
factors affecting the interaction dynamics and the resulting competition that
may occur at different scales, from the within-host scale to the spatial
structure and mobility of the host population. Here we study the dynamics of
two competing pathogens in a structured host population and assess the impact
of the mobility pattern of hosts on the pathogen competition. We model the
spatial structure of the host population in terms of a metapopulation network
and focus on two strains imported locally in the system and having the same
transmission potential but different infectious periods. We find different
scenarios leading to competitive success of either one of the strain or to the
codominance of both strains in the system. The dominance of the strain
characterized by the shorter or longer infectious period depends exclusively on
the structure of the population and on the the mobility of hosts across
patches. The proposed modeling framework allows the integration of other
relevant epidemiological, environmental and demographic factors opening the
path to further mathematical and computational studies of the dynamics of
multipathogen systems.


title: Lattice Structures for Attractors I

abstract:
  We describe the basic lattice structures of attractors and repellers in
dynamical systems. The structure of distributive lattices allows for an
algebraic treatment of gradient-like dynamics in general dynamical systems,
both invertible and noninvertible. We separate those properties which rely
solely on algebraic structures from those that require some topological
arguments, in order to lay a foundation for the development of algorithms to
manipulate these structures computationally.


title: Towards Extracting Explicit Proofs from Totality Checking in Twelf

abstract:
  The Edinburgh Logical Framework (LF) is a dependently type lambda calculus
that can be used to encode formal systems. The versatility of LF allows
specifications to be constructed also about the encoded systems. The Twelf
system exploits the correspondence between formulas and types to give
specifications in LF a logic programming interpretation. By interpreting
particular arguments as input and others as output, specifications can be seen
as describing non-deterministic functions. If particular such functions can be
shown to be total, they represent constructive proofs of meta-theorems of the
encoded systems. Twelf provides a suite of tools for establishing totality.
However, all the resulting proofs of meta-theorems are implicit: Twelf's
totality checking does not yield a certificate that can be given to a proof
checker. We begin the process here of making these proofs explicit. We treat
the restricted situation in Twelf where context definitions (regular worlds)
and lemmas are not used. In this setting we describe and prove correct a
translation of the steps in totality checking into an actual proof in the
companion logic M2. We intend in the long term to extend our translation to all
of Twelf and to use this work as the basis for producing proofs in the related
Abella system.