title:
A Unified Framework for Representation-based Subspace Clustering of
  Out-of-sample and Large-scale Data

abstract:
  Under the framework of spectral clustering, the key of subspace clustering is
building a similarity graph which describes the neighborhood relations among
data points. Some recent works build the graph using sparse, low-rank, and
$\ell_2$-norm-based representation, and have achieved state-of-the-art
performance. However, these methods have suffered from the following two
limitations. First, the time complexities of these methods are at least
proportional to the cube of the data size, which make those methods inefficient
for solving large-scale problems. Second, they cannot cope with out-of-sample
data that are not used to construct the similarity graph. To cluster each
out-of-sample datum, the methods have to recalculate the similarity graph and
the cluster membership of the whole data set. In this paper, we propose a
unified framework which makes representation-based subspace clustering
algorithms feasible to cluster both out-of-sample and large-scale data. Under
our framework, the large-scale problem is tackled by converting it as
out-of-sample problem in the manner of "sampling, clustering, coding, and
classifying". Furthermore, we give an estimation for the error bounds by
treating each subspace as a point in a hyperspace. Extensive experimental
results on various benchmark data sets show that our methods outperform several
recently-proposed scalable methods in clustering large-scale data set.


title: A Tricentenary history of the Law of Large Numbers

abstract:
  The Weak Law of Large Numbers is traced chronologically from its inception as
Jacob Bernoulli's Theorem in 1713, through De Moivre's Theorem, to ultimate
forms due to Uspensky and Khinchin in the 1930s, and beyond. Both aspects of
Jacob Bernoulli's Theorem: 1. As limit theorem (sample size $n\to\infty$), and:
2. Determining sufficiently large sample size for specified precision, for
known and also unknown p (the inversion problem), are studied, in frequentist
and Bayesian settings. The Bienaym\'{e}-Chebyshev Inequality is shown to be a
meeting point of the French and Russian directions in the history. Particular
emphasis is given to less well-known aspects especially of the Russian
direction, with the work of Chebyshev, Markov (the organizer of Bicentennial
celebrations), and S.N. Bernstein as focal points.


title:
Variation in dust properties in a dense filament of the Taurus molecular
  complex (L1506)

abstract:
  We observed the L1506 filament, which is located in the Taurus molecular
complex, with the Herschel PACS and SPIRE instruments. Our aim is to prove the
variation in grain properties along the entire length of the filament. In
particular, we want to determine above which gas density this variation arises
and what changes in the grain optical properties/size distribution are
required. We use the 3D radiative transfer code CRT, coupled to the dust
emission and extinction code DustEM, to model the emission and extinction of
the dense filament. We test a range of optical properties and size
distributions for the grains: dust of the diffuse interstellar medium
(interstellar PAHs and amorphous carbons and silicates) and both compact and
fluffy aggregates. We find that the grain opacity has to increase across the
filament to fit simultaneously the near-IR extinction and Herschel emission
profiles of L1506. We interpret this change to be a consequence of the
coagulation of dust grains to form fluffy aggregates. Grains similar to those
in the diffuse medium have to be present in the outer layers of the cloud,
whereas aggregates must prevail above gas densities of a few 1000 H/cm3. This
corresponds to line-of-sights with visual extinction in the V band of the order
of 2 to 3. The dust opacity at 250 microns is raised by a factor of 1.8 to 2.2,
while the grain average size is increased by a factor of 5. These exact numbers
depend naturally on the dust model chosen to fit the data. Our findings agree
with the constraints given by the study of the gas molecular lines. Using a
simple approach, we show that the aggregates may have time to form inside the
filament within the cloud lifetime. Our model also characterises the density
structure of the filament, showing that the filament width is not constant
along L1506 but instead varies by a factor of the order of 4.


title:
Plaquette valence-bond solid in the square lattice J1-J2 antiferromagnet
  Heisenberg model: a bond operator approach

abstract:
  We study the plaquette valence-bond solid phase of the spin-1/2 J_1-J_2
antiferromagnet Heisenberg model on the square lattice within the bond-operator
theory. We start by considering four S = 1/2 spins on a single plaquette and
determine the bond operator representation for the spin operators in terms of
singlet, triplet, and quintet boson operators. The formalism is then applied to
the J_1-J_2 model and an effective interacting boson model in terms of singlets
and triplets is derived. The effective model is analyzed within the harmonic
approximation and the previous results of Zhitomirsky and Ueda [Phys. Rev. B
54, 9007 (1996)] are recovered. By perturbatively including cubic
(triplet-triplet-triplet and singlet-triplet-triplet) and quartic interactions,
we find that the plaquette valence-bond solid phase is stable within the
parameter region 0.34 < J_2/J_1 < 0.59, which is narrower than the harmonic
one. Differently from the harmonic approximation, the excitation gap vanishes
at both critical couplings J_2 = 0.34 J_1 and J_2 = 0.59 J_1. Interestingly,
for J_2 < 0.48 J_1, the excitation gap corresponds to a singlet-triplet
excitation at the $\Gamma$ point while, for J_2 > 0.48 J_1, it is related to a
singlet-singlet excitation at the X = (pi/2,0) point of the tetramerized
Brillouin zone.


title: Minimum Number of Affine Simplexes of Given Dimension

abstract:
  In this paper we formulate and solve extremal problems in the d-dimensional
Euclidean space and further in hypergraphs, originating from problems in
stoichiometry and elementary linear algebra. The notion of affine simplex is
the bridge between the original problems and the presented extremal theorem on
set systems. A function related to Sperners theorem and the YBLM inequality is
also considered and its relation to hypergraph Turan problems is discussed.


title:
Investigation of the Casimir interaction between two magnetic metals in
  comparison with nonmagnetic test bodies

abstract:
  We present the complete results for the dynamic experiment on measuring the
gradient of the Casimir force between magnetic (Ni-coated) surfaces of a plate
and a sphere. Special attention is paid to the description of some details of
the setup, its calibration, error analysis and background effects. Computations
are performed in the framework of the Lifshitz theory at nonzero temperature
with account of analytic corrections to the proximity force approximation and
of surface roughness using both the Drude and the plasma model approaches. The
theory of magnetic interaction between a sphere and a plate due to domain
structure of their surfaces is developed for both out-of-plane and in-plane
magnetizations in the absence and in the presence of spontaneous magnetization.
It is shown that in all cases the magnetic contribution to the measured force
gradients is much smaller than the total experimental error. The comparison
between experiment and theory is done using the rigorous statistical method. It
is shown that the theoretical approach taking into account dissipation of free
electrons is excluded by the data at a 95% confidence level. The approach
neglecting dissipation is confirmed by the data at more than 90% confidence
level. We prove that the results of experiments with Ni-Ni, Ni-Au and Au-Au
surfaces taken together cannot be reconciled with the approach including free
electrons dissipation by the introduction of any unaccounted background force,
either attractive or repulsive.


title: Binding energies of composite boson clusters using the Szilard engine

abstract:
  We evaluate the binding energies of systems of bosonic and fermionic
particles on the basis of the quantum Szilard engine, which confers an
energetic value to information and entropy changes. We extend treatment of the
quantum information thermodynamic operation of the Szilard engine to its
non-trivial role in Bose-Einstein condensation of the light mass polariton
quasiparticle, and binding of large multi-excitonic complexes, and note the
same order of magnitudes of exchange and extraction energies in these disparate
systems. We examine the gradual decline of a defined information capacitive
energy with size of the boson cluster as well as the influence of confinement
effects in composite boson systems. Can quantum informational entropy changes
partly explain the observations of polariton condensates? We provide energy
estimates using the system of polariton condensates placed in a hypothetical
quantum Szilard engine, and briefly discuss the importance of incorporating
entropy changes introduced during quantum measurements, and in the
interpretation of experimental results.


title:
Benchmarking headtail with electron cloud instabilities observed in the
  LHC

abstract:
  After a successful scrubbing run in the beginning of 2011, the LHC can be
presently operated with high intensity proton beams with 50 ns bunch spacing.
However, strong electron cloud effects were observed during machine studies
with the nominal beam with 25 ns bunch spacing. In particular, fast transverse
instabilities were observed when attempting to inject trains of 48 bunches into
the LHC for the first time. An analysis of the turn-by-turn bunch-bybunch data
from the transverse damper pick-ups during these injection studies is
presented, showing a clear signature of the electron cloud effect. These
experimental observations are reproduced using numerical simulations: the
electron distribution before each bunch passage is generated with PyECLOUD and
used as input for a set of HEADTAIL simulations. This paper describes the
simulation method as well as the sensitivity of the results to the initial
conditions for the electron build-up. The potential of this type of simulations
and their clear limitations on the other hand are discussed.


title:
Particle-Level Modeling of the Charge-Discharge Behavior of
  Nanoparticulate Phase-Separating Li-Ion Battery Electrodes

abstract:
  In nanoparticulate phase-separating electrodes, phase separation inside the
particles can be hindered during their charge/discharge cycles even when a
thermodynamic driving force for phase separation exists. In such cases,
particles may (de)lithiate discretely in a process referred to as mosaic
instability. This instability could be the key to elucidating the complex
charge/discharge dynamics in nanoparticulate phase-separating electrodes. In
this paper, the dynamics of the mosaic instability is studied using Smoothed
Boundary Method simulations at the particle level, where the concentration and
electrostatic potential fields are spatially resolved around individual
particles. Two sets of configurations consisting of spherical particles with an
identical radius are employed to study the instability in detail. The effect of
an activity-dependent exchange current density on the mosaic instability, which
leads to asymmetric charge/discharge, is also studied. While we show that our
model reproduces the results of a porous-electrode model for the simple setup
studied here, it is a powerful framework with the capability to predict the
detailed dynamics in three-dimensional complex electrodes and provides further
insights into the complex dynamics that result from the coupling of
electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and transport kinetics.


title:
Direct evidence for a supernova interacting with a large amount of
  hydrogen-free circumstellar material

abstract:
  We present our observations of SN 2010mb, a Type Ic SN lacking spectroscopic
signatures of H and He. SN 2010mb has a slowly-declining light curve
($\sim600\,$days) that cannot be powered by $^{56}$Ni/$^{56}$Co radioactivity,
the common energy source for Type Ic SNe. We detect signatures of interaction
with hydrogen-free CSM including a blue quasi-continuum and, uniquely, narrow
oxygen emission lines that require high densities ($\sim10^9$cm$^{-3}$). From
the observed spectra and light curve we estimate that the amount of material
involved in the interaction was $\sim3$M$_{\odot}$. Our observations are in
agreement with models of pulsational pair-instability SNe described in the
literature.


title: Positronium in MOFs: the Atom out of the box

abstract:
  Recently, evidence for positronium (Ps) in a Bloch state in self-assembled
metal--organic frameworks (MOFs) has been reported [Dutta et al., Phys. Rev.
Lett. 110, 197403 (2013)]. In this paper, we study Ps emission into vacuum from
four different MOFs crystals: MOF-5, IRMOF-8, FMA and IRMOF-20. Our
measurements of Ps yield and emission energy into vacuum provide definitive
evidence of Ps delocalization. We determine with a different technique Ps
diffusion lengths in agreement with the recently published results.
Furthermore, we measure that a fraction of the Ps is emitted into vacuum with a
distinctly smaller energy than what one would expect for Ps localized in the
MOFs' cells. We show that a calculation assuming Ps delocalized in a
Kronig--Penney potential reproduces the measured Ps emission energy.


title:
A description of the Thomas-Fermi ion with fast converging function
  series

abstract:
  This article concerns the description of the electron sea of an atomic ion
with the Thomas-Fermi model. The normalized ion radius $X$, ionization
potential $b$ and electronic binding energy $B$ of the Thomas-Fermi ion are
functions of the ratio $N$ of electrons to protons in the ion. A scheme is
given to calculate the Taylor series of $X(N)$, $b(N)$ and $B(N)$. With this
scheme, the Taylor coefficients are calculated up to 5th order. The obtained
0th to 3rd order coefficients agree with the values presently available in the
literature. To the authors knowledge, the 4th and 5th order coefficients are
new results. It is then argued that a different series description of these
functions, based on the Taylor series of $c(N) \equiv b^{-1/3}X^{-4/3}$, leads
to a significant improvement in convergence.


title:
Collective excitations and thermodynamics of disordered state: new
  insights into an old problem

abstract:
  Disorder has been long considered as a formidable foe of theoretical
physicists in their attempts to understand system's behavior. Here, we review
recently accumulated data and propose that from the point of view of
calculating thermodynamic properties, the problem of disorder may not be as
severe as has been hitherto assumed. We particularly emphasize that contrary to
the long-held view, collective excitations do not decay in disordered systems.
We subsequently discuss recent experimental, theoretical and modelling results
related to collective excitations in disordered media, and show how these
results pave the way to understanding thermodynamics of disordered systems:
glasses, liquids, supercritical fluids and spin glasses. An interesting insight
from the recent work is the realization that most important changes of
thermodynamic properties of the disordered system are governed only by its
fundamental length, the interatomic separation. We discuss how the proposed
theory relates to the previous approaches based on general many-body
statistical mechanics framework.

categories: cond-mat.soft cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.stat-mech


title:
Dynamic transition of supercritical hydrogen in gas giants: defining the
  boundary between interior and atmosphere

abstract:
  Understanding physics of gas giants requires the knowledge about the behavior
of hydrogen at extreme pressures and temperatures. Molecular hydrogen in these
planets is supercritical, and has been considered as a physically homogeneous
state where no differences can be made between a liquid and a gas and where all
properties undergo no marked or distinct changes with pressure and temperature,
the picture believed to hold below the dissociation and metallization
transition. Here, we show that in Jupiter and Saturn, supercritical molecular
hydrogen undergoes a dynamic transition around 10 GPa and 3000 K from the
"rigid" liquid state to the "non-rigid" gas-like fluid state at the Frenkel
line recently proposed, with accompanying qualitative changes of all major
physical properties. The consequences of this finding are discussed, including
a physically justified way to demarcate the interior and the atmosphere in gas
giants.

categories: astro-ph.EP cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.soft cond-mat.stat-mech


title: Capture into resonance and escape from it in a forced nonlinear pendulum

abstract:
  We study dynamics of a nonlinear pendulum under a periodic force with small
amplitude and slowly decreasing frequency. It is well known that when the
frequency of the external force passes through the value of the frequency of
the unperturbed pendulum's oscillations, the pendulum can be captured into the
resonance. The captured pendulum oscillates in such a way that the resonance is
preserved, and the amplitude of the oscillations accordingly grows. We consider
this problem in the frames of a standard Hamiltonian approach to resonant
phenomena in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems developed earlier, and evaluate the
probability of capture into the resonance. If the system passes the resonance
at small enough initial amplitudes of the pendulum, the capture occurs with
necessity (so-called autoresonance). In general, the probability of capture
varies between one and zero, depending on the initial amplitude. We demonstrate
that a pendulum captured at small values of its amplitude escapes from the
resonance in the domain of oscillations close to the separatrix of the
pendulum, and evaluate the amplitude of the oscillations at the escape.


title:
The Uncertainty Principle derived by the finite transmission of light
  and information

abstract:
  This work shows that in the frame of the stochastic generalization of the
quantum hydrodynamic analogy (QHA) the uncertainty principle can be derived by
the postulate of finite transmission speed of light and information . The
theory shows that the measurement process performed in the large scale
classical limit of stochastic QHA (SQHA), cannot have a duration smaller than
the time need to the light to travel the distance up to which the quantum
non-local interaction extend itself. The product of the minimum measuring time
multiplied by the variance of energy fluctuation due to presence of stochastic
noise shows to lead to the minimum uncertainty principle. The paper also shows
that the uncertainty relations can be also derived if applied to the
indetermination of position and momentum of a particle of mass m in a quantum
fluctuating environment.


title: An improved semiclassical method with reference potentials

abstract:
  We approximate given potentials by means of the specially introduced
reference potentials. On the one hand their parameters may be easily found from
the usual WKB integral for the given potential; on the other hand they allow a
simple determination of the first correction to the usual quantization
condition.
  Such reference potentials are introduced in special variables as some Pade
approximants which lead usually to a very good results for various problems.
  Thus we raise the accuracy of the WKB method for a broad set of potentials
without cumbersome calculations. Higher order corrections as well as the exact
condition is also considered.


title:
The Computational Complexity of the Game of Set and its Theoretical
  Applications

abstract:
  The game of SET is a popular card game in which the objective is to form Sets
using cards from a special deck. In this paper we study single- and multi-round
variations of this game from the computational complexity point of view and
establish interesting connections with other classical computational problems.
Specifically, we first show that a natural generalization of the problem of
finding a single Set, parameterized by the size of the sought Set is W-hard;
our reduction applies also to a natural parameterization of Perfect
Multi-Dimensional Matching, a result which may be of independent interest.
Second, we observe that a version of the game where one seeks to find the
largest possible number of disjoint Sets from a given set of cards is a special
case of 3-Set Packing; we establish that this restriction remains NP-complete.
Similarly, the version where one seeks to find the smallest number of disjoint
Sets that overlap all possible Sets is shown to be NP-complete, through a close
connection to the Independent Edge Dominating Set problem. Finally, we study a
2-player version of the game, for which we show a close connection to Arc
Kayles, as well as fixed-parameter tractability when parameterized by the
number of rounds played.


title:
General Properties of Solutions to Inhomogeneous Black-Scholes Equations
  with Discontinuous Maturity Payoffs and Application

abstract:
  We provide representations of solutions to terminal value problems of
inhomogeneous Black-Scholes equations and studied such general properties as
min-max estimates, gradient estimates, monotonicity and convexity of the
solutions with respect to the stock price variable, which are important for
financial security pricing. In particular, we focus on finding representation
of the gradient (with respect to the stock price variable) of solutions to the
terminal value problems with discontinuous terminal payoffs or inhomogeneous
terms. Such terminal value problems are often encountered in pricing problems
of compound-like options such as Bermudan options or defaultable bonds with
discrete default barrier, default intensity and endogenous default recovery.
Our results are applied in pricing defaultable discrete coupon bonds.


title: Tur\'an numbers and batch codes

abstract:
  Combinatorial batch codes provide a tool for distributed data storage, with
the feature of keeping privacy during information retrieval. Recently,
Balachandran and Bhattacharya observed that the problem of constructing such
uniform codes in an economic way can be formulated as a Tur\'an-type question
on hypergraphs. Here we establish general lower and upper bounds for this
extremal problem, and also for its generalization where the forbidden family
consists of those $r$-uniform hypergraphs $H$ which satisfy the condition $k\ge
|E(H)|> |V(H)|+q$ (for $k>q+r$ and $q> -r$ fixed). We also prove that, in the
given range of parameters, the considered Tur\'an function is asymptotically
equal to the one restricted to $|E(H)|=k$, studied by Brown, Erd\H{o}s and T.
S\'os. Both families contain some $r$-partite members --- often called the
`degenerate case', characterized by the equality $\lim_{n\to\infty}
\ex(n,\cF)/n^r=0$ --- and therefore their exact order of growth is not known.


title: Use strong coupling strength to coherently preserve quantum entanglement

abstract:
  The dynamics of two qubits ultra-strongly coupled with a quantum oscillator
is investigated by the adiabatic approximation method. The evolution formula of
the initial four Bell states are studied under the control mechanism of the
coherent state of the quantum oscillator. The influential parameters for the
preservation of the entanglement are the four parameters: the average number of
the coherent state, the ultra-strong coupling strength, the ratio of two
frequencies of qubit and oscillator, and the inter-interaction coupling of the
two qubits. The novel results show that the appropriate choice of these
parameters can enable this mechanism to be utilized to preserve the
entanglement of the two qubits, which is initially in the state |I_0> of the
four Bell states. We give two different schemes to choose the respective
parameters to maintain the entangled state |I_0> almost unchanged. The results
will be helpful for the quantum information process.


title: Operational Gaussian Schmidt-Number Witnesses

abstract:
  The general class of Gaussian Schmidt-number witness operators for bipartite
systems is studied. It is shown that any member of this class is reducible to a
convex combination of two types of Gaussian operators using local operations
and classical communications. This gives rise to a simple operational method,
which is solely based on measurable covariance matrices of quantum states. Our
method bridges the gap between theory and experiment of entanglement
quantification. In particular, we certify lower bounds of the Schmidt number of
squeezed thermal and phase-randomized squeezed vacuum states, as examples of
Gaussian and non-Gaussian quantum states, respectively.


title: Interplay between chemistry and dynamics in embedded protostellar disks

abstract:
  A fundamental part of the study of star formation is to place young stellar
objects in an evolutionary sequence. Establishing a robust evolutionary
classification scheme allows us not only to understand how the Sun was born but
also to predict what kind of main sequence star a given protostar will become.
Traditionally, low-mass young stellar objects are classified according to the
shape of their SEDs. Such methods are however prone to misclassification due to
degeneracy and do not constrain the temporal evolution. More recently, young
stellar objects have been classified based on envelope, disk, and stellar
masses determined from resolved images of their continuum and line emission at
submillimeter wavelengths. Through detailed modeling of two Class I sources, we
aim at determining accurate velocity profiles and explore the role of
freeze-out chemistry in such objects. We present new Submillimeter Array
observations of the continuum and HCO$^+$ line emission at 1.1 mm toward two
protostars, IRS 63 and IRS 43 in the Ophiuchus star forming region. The sources
are modeled in detail using dust radiation transfer to fit the SED and
continuum images and line radiation transfer to produce synthetic
position-velocity diagrams. We use a $\chi^2$ search algorithm to find the best
model fit to the data and to estimate the errors in the model variables. Our
best fit models present disk, envelope and stellar masses as well as the
HCO$^+$ abundance and inclination of both sources. We also identify a ring
structure with a radius of about 200 AU in IRS 63. We find that freeze-out
chemistry is important in IRS 63 but not for IRS 43. We show that the velocity
field in IRS 43 is consistent with Keplerian rotation. Due to molecular
depletion, it is not possible to draw a similar conclusion for IRS 63. We
identify a ring shaped structure in IRS 63 on the same spatial scale as the
disk outer radius.


title: The Third Homotopy Group as a pi_1-Module

abstract:
  It is well-known how to compute the structure of the second homotopy group of
a space, $X$, as a module over the fundamental group, $\pi_1X$, using the
homology of the universal cover and the Hurewicz isomorphism. We describe a new
method to compute the third homotopy group, $\pi_3 X$, as a module over $\pi_1
X$. Moreover, we determine $\pi_3 X$ as an extension of $\pi_1 X$-modules
derived from Whitehead's Certain Exact Sequence. Our method is based on the
theory of quadratic modules. Explicit computations are carried out for
pseudo-projective 3-spaces $X = S^1 \cup e^2 \cup e^3$ consisting of exactly
one cell in each dimension $\leq 3$.


title: A Small Model for the Cohomology of Some Principal Bundles

abstract:
  Let G be a compact, connected and simply connected Lie group, and {\Omega}G
the space of the loops in G based at the identity. This note shows a way to
compute the cohomology of the total space of a principal {\Omega}G-bundle over
a manifold M, from the cohomology of G, the differential forms on M and the
characteristic classes of the bundle. The equivariant situation is also
treated.


title:
Boundedness of Intrinsic Littlewood-Paley Functions on Musielak-Orlicz
  Morrey and Campanato Spaces

abstract:
  Let $\varphi: {\mathbb R^n}\times [0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be such that
$\vz(x,\cdot)$ is nondecreasing, $\varphi(x,0)=0$, $\varphi(x,t)>0$ when $t>0$,
$\lim_{t\to\infty}\varphi(x,t)=\infty$ and $\vz(\cdot,t)$ is a Muckenhoupt
$A_\infty({\mathbb R^n})$ weight uniformly in $t$. Let $\phi:
[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be nondecreasing. In this article, the authors
introduce the Musielak-Orlicz Morrey space $\mathcal M^{\varphi,\phi}(\mathbb
R^n)$ and obtain the boundedness on $\mathcal M^{\varphi,\phi}(\mathbb R^n)$ of
the intrinsic Lusin area function $S_{\alpha}$, the intrinsic $g$-function
$g_{\alpha}$, the intrinsic $g_{\lambda}^*$-function $g^\ast_{\lambda, \alpha}$
and their commutators with ${\rm BMO}(\rn)$ functions, where $\alpha\in(0,1]$,
$\lambda\in(\min\{\max\{3,\,p_1\},3+2\az/n\},\infty)$ and $p_1$ denotes the
uniformly upper type index of $\vz$. Let $\Phi: [0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be
nondecreasing, $\Phi(0)=0$, $\Phi(t)>0$ when $t>0$, and
$\lim_{t\to\infty}\Phi(t)=\infty$, $w\in A_\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ and $\phi:
(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)$ be nonincreasing. The authors also introduce the
weighted Orlicz-Morrey space $M_w^{\Phi,\phi}(\mathbb R^n)$ and obtain the
boundedness on $M_w^{\Phi,\phi}(\mathbb R^n)$ of the aforementioned intrinsic
Littlewood-Paley functions and their commutators with ${\rm BMO}(\rn)$
functions. Finally, for $q\in[1,\fz)$, the boundedness of the aforementioned
intrinsic Littlewood-Paley functions on the Musielak Orlicz Campanato space
$\mathcal L^{\varphi,q}(\mathbb R^n)$ is also established.


title:
CARMA Survey Toward Infrared-bright Nearby Galaxies (STING). III. The
  Dependence of Atomic and Molecular Gas Surface Densities on Galaxy Properties

abstract:
  We investigate the correlation between CO and HI emission in 18 nearby
galaxies from the CARMA Survey Toward IR-Bright Nearby Galaxies (STING) at
sub-kpc and kpc scales. Our sample, spanning a wide range in stellar mass and
metallicity, reveals evidence for a metallicity dependence of the HI column
density measured in regions exhibiting CO emission. Such a dependence is
predicted by the equilibrium model of McKee & Krumholz, which balances H_2
formation and dissociation. The observed HI column density is often smaller
than predicted by the model, an effect we attribute to unresolved clumping,
although values close to the model prediction are also seen. We do not observe
HI column densities much larger than predicted, as might be expected were there
a diffuse HI component that did not contribute to H_2 shielding. We also find
that the H_2 column density inferred from CO correlates strongly with the
stellar surface density, suggesting that the local supply of molecular gas is
tightly regulated by the stellar disk.


title: Twisting solar coronal jet launched at the boundary of an active region

abstract:
  A broad jet was observed in a weak magnetic field area at the edge of active
region NOAA 11106. The peculiar shape and magnetic environment of the broad jet
raised the question of whether it was created by the same physical processes of
previously studied jets with reconnection occurring high in the corona. We
carried out a multi-wavelength analysis using the EUV images from the
Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and magnetic fields from the Helioseismic
and Magnetic Imager (HMI) both on-board the SDO satellite. The jet consisted of
many different threads that expanded in around 10 minutes to about 100 Mm in
length, with the bright features in later threads moving faster than in the
early ones, reaching a maximum speed of about 200 km s^{-1}. Time-slice
analysis revealed a striped pattern of dark and bright strands propagating
along the jet, along with apparent damped oscillations across the jet. This is
suggestive of a (un)twisting motion in the jet, possibly an Alfven wave. A
topological analysis of an extrapolated field was performed. Bald patches in
field lines, low-altitude flux ropes, diverging flow patterns, and a null point
were identified at the basis of the jet. Unlike classical lambda or
Eiffel-tower shaped jets that appear to be caused by reconnection in current
sheets containing null points, reconnection in regions containing bald patches
seems to be crucial in triggering the present jet. There is no observational
evidence that the flux ropes detected in the topological analysis were actually
being ejected themselves, as occurs in the violent phase of blowout jets;
instead, the jet itself may have gained the twist of the flux rope(s) through
reconnection. This event may represent a class of jets different from the
classical quiescent or blowout jets, but to reach that conclusion, more
observational and theoretical work is necessary.


title:
New Compton-thick AGN in the circumnuclear water maser hosts UGC3 789
  and NGC 6264

abstract:
  Large column densities, derived from X-ray studies, are typically measured
towards AGN hosting water masers, especially when the H2O emission is
associated with the nuclear accretion disk. In addition, possible correlations
between the intrinsic X-ray luminosity and the characteristics of the H2O maser
emission have been put forward that, however, require confirmation. We have
performed high-sensitivity XMM-Newton observations of a sample of five H2O
maser sources confidently detected in our ongoing survey with the Swift
satellite of all known water masers in AGN, in order to obtain detailed X-ray
information of these promising targets and to set up a systematic detailed
study of the X-ray/H2O-maser relation in AGN. For three galaxies, NGC 613,
VIIZw73, and IRAS 16288+3929, the amount of intrinsic absorption has been
estimated, indicating column densities of 4-6x10^23 cm^-2. For UGC 3789 and NGC
6264 (the two confirmed disk-maser galaxies in our sample), column densities in
excess of 1x10^24 cm^-2 are inferred from the large EW of the Fe Kalpha line.
By adding our results to those obtained in past similar studies, we find that
the percentage of water masers sources that host highly-obscured (NH>10^23
cm^-2) and Compton-thick AGN is 96% (45/47) and 57% (27/47), respectively. In
addition, 86%, 18/21, of disk maser galaxies host Compton-thick AGN. The
correlation between the galaxies' bolometric luminosity and accretion disk
radius, suggested in previous works, is also confirmed.


title:
Prediction of stable hafnium carbides: their stoichiometries, mechanical
  properties, and electronic structure

abstract:
  Hafnium carbides are studied by a systematic search for possible stable
stoichiometric compounds in the Hf-C system at ambient pressure using
variable-composition ab initio evolutionary algorithm implemented in the USPEX
code. In addition to well-known HfC, we predicted two additional compounds
Hf3C2 and Hf6C5. The structure of Hf6C5 with space group C2/m contains 11 atoms
in the primitive cell and this prediction revives the earlier proposal by A. I.
Gusev. The stable structure of Hf3C2 also has space group C2/m, and is more
energetically favorable than the Immm, P-3m1, P2 and C2221 structures put
forward by A. I. Gusev. Dynamical and mechanical stability of the newly
predicted structures have been verified by calculations of their phonons and
elastic constants. The bulk and shear moduli of Hf3C2 are 195.8 GPa and 143.1
GPa, respectively, while for Hf6C5 they are 227.9 GPa and 187.2 GPa,
respectively. Their mechanical properties are inferior to those of HfC due to
the presence of structural vacancies. Chemical bonding, band structure, and
Bader charge are presented and discussed.


title: Description of the shape evolution in the yrast states of 186Pt

abstract:
  186Pt was tested in the framework of IBM-1 and the X(3) model. The results
show that 186Pt is located close to the shape phase transition point, but the
B(E2) values little agree with the X(3) model. The shape evolution in the yrast
states of 186Pt is also discussed in detail. TRS calculation exhibits a at
bottomed potential at low spin states, but a relatively deep minimum at high
spin states. It suggests that a shape evolution from vibrational mode to
rotational mode happens in 186Pt. The result is in agreement with the E-GOS
calculation.


title: Higher-order variational problems of Herglotz type

abstract:
  We obtain a generalized Euler-Lagrange differential equation and
transversality optimality conditions for Herglotz-type higher-order variational
problems. Illustrative examples of the new results are given.


title:
Maximal Sobolev regularity in Neumann problems for gradient systems in
  infinite dimensional domains

abstract:
  We consider an elliptic Kolmogorov equation lambda u - Ku =f in a convex
subset C of a separable Hilbert space X. We prove maximal Sobolev regularity of
its weak solution, when lambda >0 and f is in L^2(C,nu), where nu is the
log-concave measure associated to the system. Moreover we prove maximal
estimates on the gradient of u, that allow to show that u satisfies the Neumann
boundary condition in the sense of traces at the boundary of C. The general
results are applied to Kolmogorov equations of reaction-diffusion stochastic
PDEs and Cahn-Hilliard stochastic PDEs in convex sets of suitable Hilbert
spaces.


title:
Exactly solvable counting statistics in weakly coupled open interacting
  spin systems

abstract:
  We study the full counting statistics for interacting quantum many-body spin
systems weakly coupled to the environment. In the leading order in the
system-bath coupling we derive exact spin current statistics for a large class
of parity symmetric spin-1/2 systems driven by a pair of Markovian baths with
local coupling operators. Interestingly, in this class of systems the leading
order current statistics are universal and do not depend on details of the
Hamiltonian. Furthermore, in the specific case of symmetrically boundary driven
anisotropic Heisenberg ($XXZ$) spin 1/2 chain we derive explicitly the
third-order non-linear corrections to the current statistics.


title: When does the gluon reggeize?

abstract:
  We propose the eikonal approximation as a simple and reliable tool to analyze
relativistic high-energy processes, provided that the necessary subtleties are
accounted for. An important subtlety is the need to include eikonal phases for
a rapidity-dependent collection of particles, as embodied by the
Balitsky-JIMWLK rapidity evolution equation. In the first part of this paper,
we review how the phenomenon of gluon reggeization and the BFKL equations can
be understood simply (but not too simply) in the eikonal approach. We also work
out some previously overlooked implications of BFKL dynamics, including the
observation that starting from four loops it is incompatible with a recent
conjecture regarding the structure of infrared divergences. In the second part
of this paper, we propose that in the strict planar limit the theory can be
developed to all orders in the coupling with no reference at all to the concept
of "reggeized gluon." Rather, one can work directly with a finite,
process-dependent, number of Wilson lines. We demonstrate consistency of this
proposal by an exact computation in N=4 super Yang-Mills, which shows that in
processes mediated with two Wilson lines the reggeized gluon appears in the
weak coupling limit as a resonance whose width is proportional to the coupling.
We also provide a precise operator definition of Lipatov's integrable spin
chain, which is manifestly integrable at any value of the coupling as a result
of the duality between scattering amplitudes and Wilson loops in this theory.


title:
Kirillov-Reshetikhin crystals, energy function and the combinatorial
  R-matrix

abstract:
  We study the polytope model for the affine type $A$ Kirillov-Reshetikhin
crystals and prove that the action of the affine Kashiwara operators can be
described in a remarkable simple way. Moreover, we investigate the
combinatorial $R$-matrix on a tensor product of polytopes and characterize the
map explicitly on the highest weight elements. We further give a formula for
the local energy function and provide an alternative proof for the perfectness.
We determine for any dominant highest weight element $\Lambda$ of level $\ell$
the elements $b_{\Lambda}, b^{\Lambda}$ involved in the definition of perfect
crystals and give an explicit description of the ground-state path in the
tensor product of polytopes.


title:
Bulk modulus of the nanoparticle system in concentrated magnetic fluids
  and local field-induced structural anisotropy

abstract:
  In the present study we probe the bulk modulus and the structure of
concentrated magnetic fluids by Small Angle X-ray Scattering. The
electrostatically stabilized nanoparticles experience a repulsive interparticle
potential modulated by dipolar magnetic interactions. On the interparticle
distance lengthscale, we show that nanoparticles are trapped under-field in
oblate cages formed by their first neighbours. We propose a theoretical model
of magnetostriction for the field-induced deformation of the cage. This model
captures the anisotropic features of the experimentally observed scattering
pattern on the local scale in these strongly interacting colloidal dispersions.


title: Dimer models and cluster categories of Grassmannians

abstract:
  We associate a dimer algebra A to a Postnikov diagram D (in a disk)
corresponding to a cluster of minors in the cluster structure of the
Grassmannian Gr(k,n). We show that A is isomorphic to the endomorphism algebra
of a corresponding Cohen-Macaulay module T over the algebra B used to
categorify the cluster structure of Gr(k,n) by Jensen-King-Su. It follows that
B can be realised as the boundary algebra of A, that is, the subalgebra eAe for
an idempotent e corresponding to the boundary of the disk. The construction and
proof uses an interpretation of the diagram D, with its associated plabic graph
and dual quiver (with faces), as a dimer model with boundary. We also discuss
the general surface case, in particular computing boundary algebras associated
to the annulus.


title:
Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool objects (PARSEC) II: Spectroscopic
  Follow-up and Parallaxes of 52 Targets

abstract:
  We present near-infrared spectroscopy for 52 ultracool dwarfs, including two
newly discovered late-M dwarfs, one new late-M subdwarf candidate, three new L
and four new T dwarfs. We also present parallaxes and proper motions for 21 of
them. Four of the targets presented here have previous parallax measurements,
while all the others are new values. This allow us to populate further the
spectral sequence at early types (L0-L4). Combining the astrometric parameters
with the new near-infrared spectroscopy presented here, we are able to
investigate further the nature of some of the objects. In particular, we find
that the peculiar blue L1 dwarf SDSS J133148.92-011651.4 is a metal-poor
object, likely a member of the galactic thick disk. We discover a new M
subdwarf candidate, 2MASS J20115649-6201127. We confirm the low-gravity nature
of EROS-MP J0032-4405, DENIS-P J035726.9-441730, and 2MASS J22134491-2136079.
We present two new metal-poor dwarfs: the L4pec 2MASS J19285196-4356256 and the
M7pec SIPS2346-5928. We also determine the effective temperature and bolometric
luminosity of the 21 targets with astrometric measurements, and we obtain a new
polynomial relation between effective temperature and near-infrared spectral
type. The new fit suggests a flattening of the sequence at the transition
between M and L spectral types. This could be an effect of dust formation, that
causes a more rapid evolution of the spectral features as a function of the
effective temperature.


title:
Immersions of 3-sphere into 4-space associated with Dynkin diagrams of
  types A and D

abstract:
  We construct two infinite sequences of immersions of the 3-sphere into
4-space, parameterized by the Dynkin diagrams of types A and D. The
construction is based on immersions of 4-manifolds obtained as the plumbed
immersions along the weighted Dynkin diagrams. We compute their Smale
invariants and bordism classes of immersions by using Ekholm-Takase's formula
in terms of singular Seifert surfaces. In order to construct singular Seifert
surfaces for the immersions, we use the Kirby calculus.


title: Describing Papers and Reviewers' Competences by Taxonomy of Keywords

abstract:
  This article focuses on the importance of the precise calculation of
similarity factors between papers and reviewers for performing a fair and
accurate automatic assignment of reviewers to papers. It suggests that papers
and reviewers' competences should be described by taxonomy of keywords so that
the implied hierarchical structure allows similarity measures to take into
account not only the number of exactly matching keywords, but in case of
non-matching ones to calculate how semantically close they are. The paper also
suggests a similarity measure derived from the well-known and widely-used
Dice's coefficient, but adapted in a way it could be also applied between sets
whose elements are semantically related to each other (as concepts in taxonomy
are). It allows a non-zero similarity factor to be accurately calculated
between a paper and a reviewer even if they do not share any keyword in common.


title:
On derived categories of K3 surfaces, symplectic automorphisms and the
  Conway group

abstract:
  In this note we interpret a recent result of Gaberdiel, Hohenegger and
Volpato in terms of derived equivalences of K3 surfaces. We prove that there is
a natural bijection between subgroups of the Conway group Co_1 with invariant
lattice of rank at least four and groups of symplectic derived equivalences of
D(Coh(X)) of projective K3 surfaces fixing a stability condition.


title: Non-Gaussian effects and multifractality in the Bragg glass

abstract:
  We study, beyond the Gaussian approximation, the decay of the translational
order correlation function for a d-dimensional scalar periodic elastic system
in a disordered environment. We develop a method based on functional
determinants, equivalent to summing an infinite set of diagrams. We obtain, in
dimension d=4-epsilon, the even n-th cumulant of relative displacements as
<[u(r)-u(0)]^n>^c = A_n ln r, with A_n = -(\epsilon/3)^n \Gamma(n-1/2)
\zeta(2n-3)/\pi^(1/2), as well as the multifractal dimension x_q of the
exponential field e^{q u(r)}. As a corollary, we obtain an analytic expression
for a class of n-loop integrals in d=4, which appear in the perturbative
determination of Konishi amplitudes, also accessible via AdS/CFT using
integrability.


title:
The role of fast magnetic reconnection in acceleration zones of
  microquasars and AGNs

abstract:
  Fast magnetic reconnection events can be a very powerful mechanism operating
at the jet launching region of microquasars and AGNs. We have recently found
that the power released by reconnection between the magnetic field lines of the
coronal inner disk region and the lines anchored into the black hole is able to
accelerate relativistic particles through a first-order Fermi process and
produce the observed radio luminosity from both microquasars and low luminous
AGNs (LLAGNs). We also found that the observed correlation between the radio
luminosity and the mass of these sources, spanning 10^9 orders of magnitude in
mass, is naturally explained by this process. In this work, assuming that the
gamma-ray emission is probably originated in the same acceleration zones that
produce the radio emission, we have applied the scenario above to investigate
the origin of the high energy outcomes from an extensive number of sources
including high (HLAGNs) and LLAGNs, microquasars and GRBs. We find correlation
of our model with the gamma emission only for microquasars and a few LLAGNs,
while none of the HLAGNs or GRBs are fitted, neither in radio nor in gamma. We
attribute the lack of correlation of the gamma emission for most of the LLAGNs
to the fact that this processed emission doesn't depend only on the local
magnetic field activity around the source/accretion disk, but also on other
environmental factors like the photon and density fields. We conclude that the
emission from the LLAGNs and microquasars comes from the nuclear region of
their sources and therefore, can be driven by nuclear magnetic activity.
However, in the case of the HLAGNs and GRBs, the nuclear emission is blocked by
the surrounding density and photon fields and therefore, we can only see the
jet emission further out.


title: A way to discover Maxwell's equations theoretically

abstract:
  The Coulomb force, established in the rest frame of a source-charge $Q$, when
transformed to a new frame moving with a velocity $\vec{V}$ has a form
$\vec{F}= q\vec{{E}} + q\vec{v} \times \vec{{B}}$, where
$\vec{{E}}=\vec{E}'_\parallel + \gamma\vec{E}'_\perp $ and $\vec{{B}}=
\vec{\frac{V}{c^2}} \times \vec{{E}}$ and $\vec{E}'$ is the electric field in
the rest frame of the source. The quantities $\vec{E}$ and $\vec{B}$ are then
manifestly interdependent. We prove that they are determined by Maxwell's
equations, so they represent the electric and magnetic fields in the new frame
and the force $\vec{F}$ is the well known from experiments Lorentz force. In
this way Maxwell's equations may be discovered theoretically for this
particular situation of uniformly moving sources. The general solutions of the
discovered Maxwell's equations lead us to fields produced by accelerating
sources.


title:
Origin of the thermodynamic time arrow demonstrated in a realistic
  statistical system

abstract:
  Emergence of one-time-direction macroscopic evolution of a classical system
of two mixed gases having different temperatures is derived and explained.
  The analysis performed at the microscopic level, where the time-symmetric
laws of mechanics govern the particles collisions, leads to a time-asymmetric
macroscopic heat transfer equation and a theorem analogous to the Boltzmann
H-theorem. Some statistical symmetries in the velocity distribution that should
be satisfied by the incoming and outgoing particles are pointed out. The time
reversed evolution is shown to be highly improbable because in this case these
typical symmetries are broken. Additionally, some remarks explaining implicit
time-asymmetry of the Boltzmann \emph{Stosszahlansatz} are made.


title:
Lorentz-invariant three-vectors and alternative formulation of
  relativistic dynamics

abstract:
  Besides the well known scalar invariants, there exist also vectorial
invariants in the realm of special relativity. It is shown that the
three-vector $\left(\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}\right)_{\parallel
v}+\gamma_v\left(\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}\right)_{\perp v}$ is invariant under the
Lorentz transformation. The indices $_{\parallel v}$ and $_{\perp v}$ denote
the respective components established with respect to the direction of the
velocity of body $\vec{v}$, and $\vec{p}$ is the relativistic momentum. We
prove that this vector is equal to a force of $\vec{F}_R$ satisfying the
classical Newtonian law $\vec{F}_R=m\vec{a}_R$ in the instantaneous inertial
rest frame of an accelerated body. Therefore the equation
$\vec{F}_R=\left(\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}\right)_{\parallel
v}+\gamma_v\left(\frac{d\vec{p}}{dt}\right)_{\perp v}$, based on the
Lorentz-invariant vectors, may be used as a truly invariant (not merely a
covariant) relativistic equation of motion in any inertial system of reference.
An alternative approach to classical electrodynamics based on the invariant
three-vectors is proposed.


title:
Measurement of D0-D0bar mixing parameters and search for CP violation
  using D0->K+pi- decays

abstract:
  Measurements of charm mixing parameters from the decay-time-dependent ratio
of D0->K+pi- to D0->K-pi+ rates and the charge-conjugate ratio are reported.
The analysis uses data, corresponding to 3 fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity,
from proton-proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energies recorded
by the LHCb experiment. In the limit of charge-parity (CP) symmetry, the mixing
parameters are determined to be x'^2=(5.5 +- 4.9)x10^{-5}, y'= (4.8 +-
1.0)x10^{-3}, and R_D=(3.568 +- 0.066)x10^{-3}. Allowing for CP violation, the
mixing parameters are determined separately for D0 and D0bar mesons yielding
A_D = (-0.7 +- 1.9)%, for the direct CP-violating asymmetry, and 0.75 < |q/p|<
1.24 at the 68.3% confidence level, where q and p are parameters that describe
the mass eigenstates of the neutral charm mesons in terms of the flavor
eigenstates. This is the most precise determination of these parameters from a
single experiment and shows no evidence for CP violation.


title:
Remote control and telescope auto-alignment system for multiangle LIDAR
  under development at CEILAP, Argentina

abstract:
  At CEILAP (CITEDEF-CONICET), a multiangle LIDAR is under development to
monitor aerosol extinction coefficients in the frame of the CTA (Cherenkov
Telescope Array) Project. This is an initiative to build the next generation of
ground-based instruments to collect very high energy gamma-ray radiation (>10
GeV). The atmospheric conditions are very important for CTA observations, and
LIDARs play an important role in the measurement of the aerosol optical depth
at any direction. The LIDAR being developed at CEILAP was conceived to operate
in harsh environmental conditions during the shifts, and these working
conditions may produce misalignments. To minimize these effects, the telescopes
comprising the reception unit are controlled by a self-alignment system. This
paper describes the self-alignment method and hardware automation.


title:
Theoretical foundations and mathematical formalism of the power-law
  tailed statistical distributions

abstract:
  We present the main features of the mathematical theory generated by the
\kappa-deformed exponential function exp_{\kappa}(x)=(\sqrt{1+\kappa^2
x^2}+\kappa x)^{1/\kappa}, with 0<\kappa<1, developed in the last twelve years,
which turns out to be a continuous one parameter deformation of the ordinary
mathematics generated by the Euler exponential function. The \kappa-mathematics
has its roots in special relativity and furnishes the theoretical foundations
of the \kappa-statistical mechanics predicting power law tailed statistical
distributions which have been observed experimentally in many physical, natural
and artificial systems. After introducing the \kappa-algebra we present the
associated \kappa-differential and \kappa-integral calculus. Then we obtain the
corresponding \kappa-exponential and \kappa-logarithm functions and give the
\kappa-version of the main functions of the ordinary mathematics.

categories: math.ST hep-th math-ph math.MP math.PR stat.TH


abstract:
  Low-mass young stellar objects are powerful emitters of X-rays that can
ionize and heat the disks and the young planets they harbour. The X-rays
produce molecular ions that affect the chemistry of the disk atmospheres and
their spectroscopic signatures. Deeper down, X-rays are the main ionization
source and influence the operation of the magnetorotational instability,
believed to be the main driver for the angular momentum redistribution crucial
for the accretion and formation of these pre main-sequence stars. X-ray
ionization also affects the character of the dead zones around the disk
midplane where terrestrial planets are likely to form. To obtain the physical
and chemical effects of the stellar X-rays, their propagation through the disk
has to be calculated taking into account both absorption and scattering. To
date the only calculation of this type was done almost 15 years ago, and here
we present new three-dimensional radiative transfer calculations of X-ray
ionization rates in protoplanetary discs. Our study confirms the results from
previous work for the same physical parameters. It also updates them by
including a more detailed treatment of the radiative transfer and by using
ionizing spectra and elemental abundance more appropriate for what is currently
known about protoplanetary disks and their host stars. The new calculations for
a typical ionizing spectrum yield respectively lower and higher ionisation
rates at high and low column densities at a given radius in a disc. The
differences can be up to an order of magnitude near 1 AU, depending on the
abundances used


title:
Higgs boson mass, neutrino masses and mixing and keV dark matter in an
  $U(1)_R-$ lepton number model

abstract:
  We discuss neutrino masses and mixing in the framework of a supersymmetric
model with an $U(1)_{R}$ symmetry, consisting of a single right handed neutrino
superfield with an appropriate R charge. The lepton number ($L$) of the
standard model fermions are identified with the negative of their R-charges. As
a result, a subset of leptonic R-parity violating operators can be present and
are consistent with the $U(1)_R$ symmetry. This model can produce one light
Dirac neutrino mass at the tree level without the need of introducing a very
small neutrino Yukawa coupling. We analyze the scalar sector of this model in
detail paying special attention to the mass of the lightest Higgs boson. One of
the sneutrinos might acquire a substantial vacuum expectation value leading to
interesting phenomenological consequences. Different sum rules involving the
physical scalar masses are obtained and we show that the lightest Higgs boson
mass receives a contribution proportional to the square of the neutrino Yukawa
coupling $f$. This allows for a 125 GeV Higgs boson at the tree level for $f
\sim {\cal O} (1)$ and still having a small tree level mass for the active
neutrino. In order to fit the experimental results involving neutrino masses
and mixing angles we introduce a small breaking of $U(1)_R$ symmetry, in the
context of anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking. In the presence of this
small R-symmetry breaking, light neutrino masses receive contributions at the
one-loop level involving the R-parity violating interactions. We also identify
the right handed sterile neutrino as a warm dark matter candidate in our model.
In the case of R-symmetry breaking, the large $f$ case is characterized by a
few hundred MeV lightest neutralino as an unstable lightest supersymmetric
particle (LSP) and we briefly discuss the cosmological implications of such a
scenario.


title: On the ergodicity of geodesic flows on surfaces of nonpositive curvature

abstract:
  Let $M$ be a smooth compact surface of nonpositive curvature, with genus
$\geq 2$. We prove the ergodicity of the geodesic flow on the unit tangent
bundle of $M$ with respect to the Liouville measure under the condition that
the set of points with negative curvature on $M$ has finitely many connected
components. Under the same condition, we prove that a non closed "flat"
geodesic doesn't exist, and moreover, there are at most finitely many flat
strips, and at most finitely many isolated closed "flat" geodesics.


title:
Supernovae as probes of cosmic parameters: estimating the bias from
  under-dense lines of sight

abstract:
  Correctly interpreting observations of sources such as type Ia supernovae
(SNe Ia) require knowledge of the power spectrum of matter on AU scales - which
is very hard to model accurately. Because under-dense regions account for much
of the volume of the universe, light from a typical source probes a mean
density significantly below the cosmic mean. The relative sparsity of sources
implies that there could be a significant bias when inferring distances of SNe
Ia, and consequently a bias in cosmological parameter estimation. While the
weak lensing approximation should in principle give the correct prediction for
this, linear perturbation theory predicts an effectively infinite variance in
the convergence for ultra-narrow beams. We attempt to quantify the effect
typically under-dense lines of sight might have in parameter estimation by
considering three alternative methods for estimating distances, in addition to
the usual weak lensing approximation. We find in each case this not only
increases the errors in the inferred density parameters, but also introduces a
bias in the posterior value.


title:
Thermodynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma in Terms of Quasiparticles and
  Polyakov Line Condensates

abstract:
  We study a model of quark-gluon plasma of 2+1 flavors Quantum Chromodynamics
in terms of quasiparticles propagating in a condensate of Polyakov loops. The
Polyakov loop is coupled to quasiparticles by means of a gas-like effective
potential. This study is useful to identify the effective degrees of freedom
propagating in the medium above the critical temperature. Our finding is that a
dominant part of the phase transition dynamics is accounted for by the Polyakov
loop, hence the thermodynamics can be described without the need for rapidly
increasing quasiparticle masses as $T \rightarrow T_c$, at variance respect to
standard quasiparticle models.


title: Lightcone Averaging and Precision Cosmology

abstract:
  The first objective of this thesis is to fill the lack in cosmology of a
description on the past light cone: the null hypersurface on which observed
signals propagate. Its second goal is to evaluate the importance of
inhomogeneities in the determination of dark energy parameters, whose real
nature is still unknown and for which the influence of matter structures has
been proposed as a cosmological alternative. We start with the definition of a
"geodesic lightcone" gauge simplifying greatly the study of light propagation
in the Universe. We then define a gauge invariant average of scalars on the
past light cone and compute the effect of inhomogeneities on the luminosity
flux by considering their power spectrum up to its non-linear regime. The
effect on the flux is negligible whereas observables like the luminosity
distance, computed at second order in perturbations, are much more affected. We
also study the distance modulus at the basis of the discovery of dark energy
from type Ia supernovae (SNe). The average of this modulus is only slightly
affected by inhomogeneities but its variance sensitively depends on them. These
results show, within their hypotheses, that an alternative to dark energy by an
effect of structures is impossible but, at the same time, emphasize their
importance on the dispersion of data in the Hubble diagram. The dominating
physical effects turn out to be peculiar velocity of SNe and weak lensing. Our
predictions on the dispersion are in very good agreement with first analyses
carried out so far to detect a signal of lensing among SNe Ia data and will be
testable in the near future.


title:
Self-organization, Pattern Formation, Cavity Solitons and Rogue Waves in
  Singly Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillators

abstract:
  Spatio-temporal dynamics of singly resonant optical parametric oscillators
with external seeding displays hexagonal, roll and honeycomb patterns, optical
turbulence, rogue waves and cavity solitons. We derive appropriate mean-field
equations with a sinc$^2$ nonlinearity and demonstrate that off-resonance
seeding is necessary and responsible for the formation of complex spatial
structures via self-organization. We compare this model with those derived
close to the threshold of signal generation and find that back-conversion of
signal and idler photons is responsible for multiple regions of spatio-temporal
self-organization when increasing the power of the pump field.


title:
The effects of stellar dynamics on the X-ray emission of flat early-type
  galaxies

abstract:
  Observational and numerical studies gave hints that the hot gaseous haloes of
ETGs may be sensitive to the galaxy internal kinematics. By using high
resolution 2D hydro simulations, and realistic two-component (stars plus dark
matter) axisymmetric galaxy models, we study the evolution of the hot haloes in
a suite of flat ETGs of fixed mass distribution, but with variable amounts of
azimuthal velocity dispersion and rotational support, including the possibility
of a counter-rotating inner stellar disc. The hot halo is fed by stellar mass
losses and heated by SNIa explosions and thermalization of stellar motions. We
measure the value of the thermalization parameter gamma (the ratio between the
heating due to the relative velocity between the stellar streaming and the ISM
bulk flow, and the heating attainable by complete thermalization of the stellar
streaming motions). We find that 1) the X-ray emission and the average
temperature are larger in fully velocity dispersion supported systems; 2)
0.1<gamma<0.2 for isotropic rotators (with a trend for being larger for lower
dark mass models); 3) systems that are isotropic rotators at large radii with
an inner counter-rotating disc, or fully velocity dispersion supported systems
with an inner rotating disc, have gamma=1, again with a trend to increase for
lower dark mass contents. We also find that the lower X-ray luminosities of
isotropic rotators cannot be explained just by their low gamma, but are due to
the complicated flow structure, consequence of the angular momentum stored at
large radii. X-ray emission weighted temperatures and luminosities nicely match
observed values; the X-ray isophotes are boxy in case of significant galaxy
rotation. Overall, it is found that rotation has an important role to explain
the observational result that more rotationally supported ETGs on average show
a lower X-ray emission [abridged].


title: Distinguishing Infections on Different Graph Topologies

abstract:
  The history of infections and epidemics holds famous examples where
understanding, containing and ultimately treating an outbreak began with
understanding its mode of spread. Influenza, HIV and most computer viruses,
spread person to person, device to device, through contact networks; Cholera,
Cancer, and seasonal allergies, on the other hand, do not. In this paper we
study two fundamental questions of detection: first, given a snapshot view of a
(perhaps vanishingly small) fraction of those infected, under what conditions
is an epidemic spreading via contact (e.g., Influenza), distinguishable from a
"random illness" operating independently of any contact network (e.g., seasonal
allergies); second, if we do have an epidemic, under what conditions is it
possible to determine which network of interactions is the main cause of the
spread -- the causative network -- without any knowledge of the epidemic, other
than the identity of a minuscule subsample of infected nodes?
  The core, therefore, of this paper, is to obtain an understanding of the
diagnostic power of network information. We derive sufficient conditions
networks must satisfy for these problems to be identifiable, and produce
efficient, highly scalable algorithms that solve these problems. We show that
the identifiability condition we give is fairly mild, and in particular, is
satisfied by two common graph topologies: the grid, and the Erdos-Renyi graphs.


title: Is Voyager 1 Inside an Interstellar Flux Transfer Event?

abstract:
  Plasma wave observations from Voyager 1 have recently shown large increases
in plasma density, to about 0.1 cm^{-3}, consistent with the density of the
local interstellar medium. However, corresponding magnetic field observations
continue to show the spiral magnetic field direction observed throughout the
inner heliosheath. These apparently contradictory observations may be
reconciled if Voyager 1 is inside an interstellar flux transfer event - similar
to flux transfer events routinely seen at the Earth's magnetopause. If this
were the case, Voyager 1 remains inside the heliopause and based on the Voyager
1 observations we can determine the polarity of the interstellar magnetic field
for the first time.


title: Generating Intrinsic Dipole Anisotropy in the Large Scale Structures

abstract:
  There have been recent reports of unexpectedly large velocity dipole in the
NRAO VLA Sky Survey data. We investigate whether the excess in the NVSS dipole
reported can be of cosmological origin. We assume a long wavelength
inhomogeneous scalar perturbation of the form \alpha sin (\kappa z) and study
its effects on the matter density contrasts. Assuming an ideal fluid model we
calculate, in the linear regime, the contribution of the inhomogeneous mode to
the density contrast. We calculate the expected dipole in the LSS for two
cases, first assuming that the mode is still superhorizon everywhere, and
second assuming the mode is subhorizon, but has crossed the horizon deep in
matter domination and is subhorizon everywhere in the region of the survey
(NVSS). In both cases we find that such an inhomogeneous scalar perturbation is
sufficient to generate the reported values of dipole anisotropy in LSS. For the
superhorizon modes we find values which are consistent with both CMB and NVSS
results. We also predict signatures for the model which can be tested by future
observations.


title:
Sensing and atomic-scale structure analysis of single nuclear spin
  clusters in diamond

abstract:
  Single-molecule nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a crown-jewel challenge
in the field of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and has important applications
in chemical analysis and in quantum computing. Recently, it becomes possible to
tackle this grand challenge thanks to experimental advances in preserving
quantum coherence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spins in diamond as a
sensitive probe and theoretical proposals on atomic-scale magnetometry via
dynamical decoupling control. Through decoherence measurement of NV centers
under dynamical decoupling control, sensing of single $^{13}\textbf{C}$ at
nanometer distance has been realized. Toward the ultimate goal of structure
analysis of single molecules, it is highly desirable to directly measure the
interactions within single nuclear spin clusters. Here we sensed a single
$^{13}\textbf{C}$-$^{13}\textbf{C}$ nuclear spin dimer located about 1 nm from
the NV center and characterized the interaction between the two nuclear spins,
by measuring NV center spin decoherence under various dynamical decoupling
control. From the measured interaction we derived the spatial configuration of
the dimer with atomic-scale resolution. These results demonstrate that central
spin decoherence under dynamical decoupling control is a feasible probe for NMR
structure analysis of single molecules.


title: Bar-mode instability suppression in magnetized relativistic stars

abstract:
  We show that magnetic fields stronger than about $10^{15}$ G are able to
suppress the development of the hydrodynamical bar-mode instability in
relativistic stars. The suppression is due to a change in the rest-mass density
and angular velocity profiles due to the formation and to the linear growth of
a toroidal component that rapidly overcomes the original poloidal one, leading
to an amplification of the total magnetic energy. The study is carried out
performing three-dimensional ideal-magnetohydrodynamics simulations in full
general relativity, superimposing to the initial (matter) equilibrium
configurations a purely poloidal magnetic field in the range $10^{14}-10^{16}$
G. When the seed field is a few parts in $10^{15}$ G or above, all the evolved
models show the formation of a low-density envelope surrounding the star. For
much weaker fields, no effect on the matter evolution is observed, while
magnetic fields which are just below the suppression threshold are observed to
slow down the growth-rate of the instability.


title:
Loop Calculus for Non-Binary Alphabets using Concepts from Information
  Geometry

abstract:
  The Bethe approximation is a well-known approximation of the partition
function used in statistical physics. Recently, an equality relating the
partition function and its Bethe approximation was obtained for graphical
models with binary variables by Chertkov and Chernyak. In this equality, the
multiplicative error in the Bethe approximation is represented as a weighted
sum over all generalized loops in the graphical model. In this paper, the
equality is generalized to graphical models with non-binary alphabet using
concepts from information geometry.


title:
Neutral genomic regions refine models of recent rapid human population
  growth

abstract:
  Human populations have experienced dramatic growth since the Neolithic
revolution. Recent studies that sequenced a very large number of individuals
observed an extreme excess of rare variants, and provided clear evidence of
recent rapid growth in effective population size, though estimates have varied
greatly among studies. All these studies were based on protein-coding genes, in
which variants are also impacted by natural selection. In this study, we
introduce targeted sequencing data for studying recent human history with
minimal confounding by natural selection. We sequenced loci very far from genes
that meet a wide array of additional criteria such that mutations in these loci
are putatively neutral. As population structure also skews allele frequencies,
we sequenced a sample of relatively homogeneous ancestry by first analyzing the
population structure of 9,716 European Americans. We employed very high
coverage sequencing to reliably call rare variants, and fit an extensive array
of models of recent European demographic history to the site frequency
spectrum. The best-fit model estimates ~3.4% growth per generation during the
last ~140 generations, resulting in a population size increase of two orders of
magnitude. This model fits the data very well, largely due to our observation
that assumptions of more ancient demography can impact estimates of recent
growth. This observation and results also shed light on the discrepancy in
demographic estimates among recent studies.


title: Isomorphic Schauder decompositions in certain Banach spaces

abstract:
  We extend a theorem of Kato on similarity for sequences of projections in
Hilbert spaces to the case of isomorphic Schauder decompositions in certain
Banach spaces. To this end we use $\ell_{\Psi}$-Hilbertian and
$\infty$-Hilbertian Schauder decompositions instead of orthogonal Schauder
decompositions, generalize the concept of an orthogonal Schauder decomposition
in a Hilbert space and introduce the class of spaces with Schauder-Orlicz
decompositions. Furthermore, we generalize the notions of type, cotype,
infratype and $M$-cotype of a Banach space and study the properties of
unconditional Schauder decompositions in spaces possessing certain geometric
structure.


title:
An Alternating Direction Method with Increasing Penalty for Stable
  Principal Component Pursuit

abstract:
  The stable principal component pursuit (SPCP) is a non-smooth convex
optimization problem, the solution of which enables one to reliably recover the
low rank and sparse components of a data matrix which is corrupted by a dense
noise matrix, even when only a fraction of data entries are observable. In this
paper, we propose a new algorithm for solving SPCP. The proposed algorithm is a
modification of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) where we
use an increasing sequence of penalty parameters instead of a fixed penalty.
The algorithm is based on partial variable splitting and works directly with
the non-smooth objective function. We show that both primal and dual iterate
sequences converge under mild conditions on the sequence of penalty parameters.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first convergence result for a
variable penalty ADMM when penalties are not bounded, the objective function is
non-smooth and its sub-differential is not uniformly bounded. Using partial
variable splitting and adopting an increasing sequence of penalty multipliers,
together, significantly reduce the number of iterations required to achieve
feasibility in practice. Our preliminary computational tests show that the
proposed algorithm works very well in practice, and outperforms ASALM, a state
of the art ADMM algorithm for the SPCP problem with a constant penalty
parameter.


title:
Analytical estimates of the locations of phase transition points in the
  ground state for the bimodal Ising spin glass model in two dimensions

abstract:
  We analytically estimate the locations of phase transition points in the
ground state for the $\pm J$ random bond Ising model with asymmetric bond
distributions on the square lattice. We propose and study the percolation
transitions for two types of bond shared by two non-frustrated plaquettes. The
present method indirectly treats the sizes of clusters of correlated spins for
the ferromagnetic and spin glass orders. We find two transition points. The
first transition point is the phase transition point for the ferromagnetic
order, and the location is obtained as $p_c^{(1)} \approx 0.895 \, 399 \, 54$
as the solution of $[p^2 + 3 (1-p)^2 ]^2 \, p^3 - \frac{1}{2} = 0$. The second
transition point is the phase transition point for the spin glass order, and
the location is obtained as $p_c^{(2)} = \frac{1}{4} [2 + \sqrt{2 (\sqrt{5} -
1)}] \approx 0.893 \, 075 \, 69$. Here, $p$ is the ferromagnetic bond
concentration, and $1 - p$ is the antiferromagnetic bond concentration. The
obtained locations are reasonably close to the previously estimated locations.
This study suggests the presence of the intermediate phase between $p_c^{(1)}$
and $p_c^{(2)}$; however, since the present method produces remarkable values
but has no mathematical proof for accuracy yet, no conclusions are drawn in
this article about the presence of the intermediate phase.


title:
On dependence between the norm of a function and norms of its
  derivatives of orders k, r - 2 and r, 0 < k < r - 2

abstract:
  Necessary and sufficient conditions on the system of positive numbers $
M_{k_1}, M_{k_2}, M_{k_3}, M_{k_4}$, $0= k_1<k_2<k_3=r-2$, $k_4 = r$, which
guarantee the existence of a function $x\in L_{\infty,\infty}^r(R)$, such that
$\|x^{(k_i)}\|_{\infty}=M_{k_i},\; i=1,2,3,4, $ are found.


title: Flow of Quantum Correlations from a Two-Qubit System to its Environment

abstract:
  The open-system dynamics of entanglement plays an important role in the
assessment of the robustness of quantum information processes and also in the
investigation of the classical limit of quantum mechanics. Here we show that,
subjacent to this dynamics, there is a subtle flow of quantum correlations. We
use a recently proposed optical setup, which allows joint tomography of system
and environment, to show that the decay of an initial bipartite entangled state
leads to the build up of multipartite entanglement and quantum discord, the
latter exhibiting a non-analytic behavior that signals the emergence of maximal
genuine quantum entanglement. The origin of this analyticity is shown to be
distinct from similar behavior previously found in bipartite systems. Monogamy
relations within the context of open-system dynamics explain this new
phenomenon.


title: Graph-state formalism for mutually unbiased bases

abstract:
  A pair of orthonormal bases is called mutually unbiased if all mutual
overlaps between any element of one basis with an arbitrary element of the
other basis coincide. In case the dimension, $d$, of the considered Hilbert
space is a power of a prime number, complete sets of $d+1$ mutually unbiased
bases (MUBs) exist. Here, we present a novel method based on the graph-state
formalism to construct such sets of MUBs. We show that for $n$ $p$-level
systems, with $p$ being prime, one particular graph suffices to easily
construct a set of $p^n+1$ MUBs. In fact, we show that a single $n$-dimensional
vector, which is associated with this graph, can be used to generate a complete
set of MUBs and demonstrate that this vector can be easily determined. Finally,
we discuss some advantages of our formalism regarding the analysis of
entanglement structures in MUBs, as well as experimental realizations.


title: The Theory of Bonds II: Closed 6R Linkages with Maximal Genus

abstract:
  In this paper, we introduce a method that allows to produce necessary
conditions on the Denavit--Hartenberg parameters for the mobility of a closed
linkage with six rotational joints. We use it to prove that the genus of the
configuration curve of a such a linkage is at most five, and to give a complete
classification of the linkages with a configuration curve of degree four or
five. The classification contains new families.


title:
Studying the non-thermal lobes of IRAS 16547-4247 through a
  multi-wavelength approach

abstract:
  In the recent years massive protostars have been suggested to be high-energy
emitters. Among the best candidates is IRAS 16547-4247, a protostar that
presents a powerful outflow with clear signatures of interaction with its
environment. This source has been revealed to be a potential high-energy source
because it displays non-thermal radio emission of synchrotron origin, which is
evidence of relativistic particles. To improve our understanding of IRAS
16547-4247 as a high-energy source, we analyzed XMM-Newton archival data and
found that IRAS 16547-4247 is a hard X-ray source. We discuss these results in
the context of a refined one-zone model and previous radio observations. From
our study we find that it may be difficult to explain the X-ray emission as
non-thermal radiation coming from the interaction region, but it might be
produced by thermal Bremsstrahlung (plus photo-electric absorption) by a fast
shock at the jet end. In the high-energy range, the source might be detectable
by the present generation of Cherenkov telescopes, and may eventually be
detected by Fermi in the GeV range.


title:
Fourier's law from a chain of coupled planar harmonic oscillators under
  energy conserving noise

abstract:
  We study the transport of heat along a chain of particles interacting through
a harmonic potential and subject to heat reservoirs at its ends. Each particle
has two degrees of freedom and is subject to a stochastic noise that produces
infinitesimal changes in the velocity while keeping the kinetic energy
unchanged. This is modelled by means of a Langevin equation with multiplicative
noise. We show that the introduction of this energy conserving stochastic noise
leads to Fourier's law. By means of an approximate solution that becomes exact
in the thermodynamic limit, we also show that the heat conductivity $\kappa$
behaves as $\kappa = a L/(b+\lambda L)$ for large values of the intensity
$\lambda$ of the energy conserving noise and large chain sizes $L$. Hence, we
conclude that in the thermodynamic limit the heat conductivity is finite and
given by $\kappa=a/\lambda$.


title: Boundary Values Properties of Functions in Weighted Hardy Spaces

abstract:
  In this paper we study the boundary values of harmonic and holo- morphic
functions in the weighted Hardy spaces on the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$. These
spaces were introduced by Poletsky and Stessin in [6] for plurisubharmonic
functions on hyperconvex domains $D \subset \mathbb{C}^n$ as generalizations of
classical Hardy spaces. We show that in the case when $D$ is the unit disk
$\mathbb{D}$ the theory of boundary values for functions in these spaces is
analogous to the classical one.


title: Sequestering the Standard Model Vacuum Energy

abstract:
  We propose a very simple reformulation of General Relativity, which
completely sequesters from gravity {\it all} of the vacuum energy from a matter
sector, including all loop corrections and renders all contributions from phase
transitions automatically small. The idea is to make the dimensional parameters
in the matter sector functionals of the 4-volume element of the universe. For
them to be nonzero, the universe should be finite in spacetime. If this matter
is the Standard Model of particle physics, our mechanism prevents any of its
vacuum energy, classical or quantum, from sourcing the curvature of the
universe. The mechanism is consistent with the large hierarchy between the
Planck scale, electroweak scale and curvature scale, and early universe
cosmology, including inflation. Consequences of our proposal are that the
vacuum curvature of an old and large universe is not zero, but very small, that
$w_{DE} \simeq -1$ is a transient, and that the universe will collapse in the
future.


title:
Magnetic domain walls induced by twin boundaries in low doped
  Fe-pnictides

abstract:
  Inspired by experimental observations of the enhancement of superconductivity
at the twin-boundary (TB) in slightly electron doped Ba(Ca)(FeAs)$_2$ where a
strong $2\times1$ antiferromagnetic (AF) collinear order is in presence, we
investigate theoretically the effects of TBs on the complex interplay between
magnetism and superconductivity using a minimum phenomenological two-orbital
model. The magnetic order can be simulated from an onsite Coulomb interaction
$U$ and the Hund's coupling $J_H$, while the effective pairing interaction
yields the superconductivity with $s\pm$ wave symmetry. The spatial
distributions of the magnetic, superconducting and charge density orders near
two different types of TBs are calculated. Each of the TBs has two different
orientations. We find that the first type TBs, which corresponds to a
$90^\circ$ lattice rotation in the $a-b$ plane, enable magnetic domain walls
(DWs) to be pinned at them, and that superconductivity is enhanced at such TBs
or DWs. This result is consistent with experiments for a TB with an orientation
of $45^\circ$ from the x-axis. Contrastingly, we predict that superconductivity
is suppressed at the second type of TBs which correspond to an asymmetrical
placement of As atoms on the opposite sides of the TB. Furthermore, the
lattice-mismatch effect across the TBs is investigated. The comparison of our
results with the observations from the nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)
experiments are also discussed.


title:
Star Formation Sites toward the Galactic Center Region: The Correlation
  of CH3OH Masers, H2O Masers, and Near-IR Green Sources

abstract:
  We present a study of star formation in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of
our Galaxy through the association of three star formation indicators: 6.7 GHz
CH3OH masers, 22 GHz H2O masers, and enhanced 4.5 micron emission (`green')
sources. We explore how star formation in the Galactic center (l < 1.3 deg, |b|
< 10', where l and b are Galactic longitude and Galactic latitude) compares
with that of the Galactic disk (6 deg < l < 345 deg, |b| < 2 deg). Using an
automated algorithm, we search for enhanced 4.5 micron emission sources toward
6.7 GHz CH3OH masers detected in the Parkes Methanol Multibeam Survey. We
combine these results with our 22 GHz H2O maser survey of the CMZ carried out
with the Mopra telescope. We find that the correlation of CH3OH masers with
green sources is a function of Galactic latitude, with a minimum close to b=0
and increasing with |b| (toward the central part of the Galaxy, 6 deg < l < 345
deg, |b| < 2 deg). We find no significant difference between the correlation
rate of CH3OH masers with green sources in the CMZ and the disk. This suggests
that although the physical conditions of the gas are different in the Galactic
center from that of the Galactic disk, once gravitational instability sets in
at sufficiently high densities, signatures of star formation appear to be
similar in both regions. Moreover, the detection of green sources, even at the
distance of the Galactic center, shows that our technique can easily identify
the early stages of star formation, especially in low extinction regions of the
Galaxy. Through the association of H2O and CH3OH masers, we identify 15
star-forming sites in the CMZ. We find no coincident H2O and CH3OH masers
outside the CMZ (with limited H2O maser survey coverage outside the CMZ),
possibly indicating a difference in the maser evolutionary sequence for
star-forming cores in the Galactic center region and the disk.


title:
Optimal driving protocols for nano-sized devices and their dependence on
  couplings to reservoirs

abstract:
  The development of efficient artificial nanodevices poses challenges which
are of fundamental and technological nature. Recent progress has been made in
the context of finite-time thermodynamics. A central question in finite-time
thermodynamics is to identify the optimal procedure to extract the greatest
amount of work from a system operating under well-defined constraints. For
externally controlled small systems, the optimal driving protocol maximizes the
mean work spend in a finite-time transition between two given system states.
For simplicity we consider an externally controlled single level system, which
is embedded in a thermal environment and coupled to a particle reservoir. The
optimal protocols are calculated from a master equation approach for different
system-reservoir couplings. For open systems, the system-reservoir couplings
are shown to have a striking influence on the optimal driving setup. We point
out that the optimal protocols have discontinuous jumps at the initial and
final times. Finally, this work provides a first attempt to extend these
calculations to larger system sizes.


title: Matrix Fourier transform with discontinuous coefficients

abstract:
  The explicit construction of direct and inverse Fourier's vector transform
with discontinuous coefficients is presented. The technique of applying
Fourier's vector transform with discontinuous coefficients for solving problems
of mathematical physics.Multidimensional integral transformations with
non-separated variables for problems with discontinuous coefficients are
constructed in this work. The coefficient discontinuities focused on the of
parallel hyperplanes. In this work explicit formulas for the kernels in the
case of ideal coupling conditions are obtained; the basic identity of the
integral transform is proved; technique of integral transforms is developed


title:
Fermion masses and mixings in the 3-3-1 model with right-handed
  neutrinos based on the $S_3$ flavor symmetry

abstract:
  We propose a 3-3-1 model where the $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(3)_{L}\otimes
U(1)_{X}$ symmetry is extended by $S_{3}\otimes Z_{3}\otimes Z_{3}^{\prime
}\otimes Z_{8}\otimes Z_{16}$ and the scalar spectrum is enlarged by extra $%
SU(3)_{L}$ singlet scalar fields. The model successfully describes the observed
SM fermion mass and mixing pattern. In this framework, the light active
neutrino masses arise via an inverse seesaw mechanism and the observed charged
fermion mass and quark mixing hierarchy is a consequence of the $Z_{3}\otimes
Z_{3}^{\prime }\otimes Z_{8}\otimes Z_{16}$ symmetry breaking at very high
energy. The obtained physical observables for both quark and lepton sectors are
compatible with their experimental values. The model predicts the effective
Majorana neutrino mass parameter of neutrinoless double beta decay to be
$m_{\beta \beta }=$ 4 and 48 meV for the normal and the inverted neutrino
spectra, respectively. Furthermore, we found a leptonic Dirac CP violating
phase close to $\frac{\pi }{2}$ and a Jarlskog invariant close to about
$3\times 10^{-2}$ for both normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchy.


title: On the Frey-Mazur conjecture over low genus curves

abstract:
  The Frey--Mazur conjecture states that an elliptic curve over $\mathbb{Q}$ is
determined up to isogeny by its $p$-torsion Galois representation for $p\geq
17$. We study a geometric analog of this conjecture, and show that the map from
isogeny classes of "fake elliptic curves"---abelian surfaces with quaternionic
multiplication---to their $p$-torsion Galois representations is one-to-one over
function fields of small genus complex curves for sufficiently large $p$
relative to the genus.


title: End effects in optical fibres

abstract:
  The performance of highly-multiplexed spectrographs is limited by focal
degradation (FRD) in the optical fibres. It has already been shown that this is
caused mainly by processes concentrated around the mounting points at the ends
of the fibres. We use the thickness of rings produced in the farfield when a
fibre is illuminated by a collimated beam, to estimate the size of the region
where the FRD is generated. This requires the development of a new model, using
features of existing ray-tracing and wave-based models, which fits existing
data very well. The results suggest that the amount of FRD is primarily
determined by the length of fibre bonded into the supporting ferrule. We point
out the implications for the production of future fibre systems.


title:
Open-charm production as a function of charged particle multiplicity in
  pp collisions at \sqrt{s}=7 TeV with ALICE

abstract:
  Heavy quarks (charm and beauty) are an effective tool to investigate the
properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma created in heavy-ion collisions as they
are produced in initial hard scattering processes and as they experience all
the stages of the medium evolution. The measurement of heavy-flavour production
cross sections in pp collisions at the LHC, besides providing a reference for
heavy-ion studies, allows one to test perturbative QCD calculations. A brief
review of ALICE results on the production of heavy-flavoured hadrons measured
from fully reconstructed hadronic decay topologies in pp collisions at \sqrt{s}
= 7 TeV is presented. Furthermore, heavy-flavour production was also studied as
a function of the particle multiplicity in pp collisions. This could provide
insight into multi-parton scatterings. A measurement of the inclusive J/{\psi}
yield as a function of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density was
performed by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} =
7 TeV. An increase of the J/{\psi} yield with increasing multiplicity was
observed. In this context, the study of the yield of D mesons as a function of
the charged-particle multiplicity could provide a deeper insight into
charm-quark production in pp collisions. We will present the first results
obtained for prompt D0, D+, and D*+ mesons using hadronic decay channels at
midrapidity in pp collisions \sqrt{s}=7 TeV as a function of the
charged-particle multiplicity. The prompt D-meson yields as a function of
multiplicity are measured in different pT intervals. These yields will be
compared to the results obtained for inclusive and non-prompt J/{\psi}.


title:
Perturbative heavy quarkonium spectrum at
  next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order

abstract:
  We compute the energy levels of some of the lower-lying heavy quarkonium
states perturbatively up to O(alpha_s^5*m) and O(alpha_s^5*m*log[alpha_s]).
Stability of the predictions depends crucially on the unknown 4-loop pole-MSbar
mass relation. We discuss the current status of the predictions with respect to
the observed bottomonium spectrum.


title:
Impact parameter dependence of the scaling of anisotropic flows in
  intermediate energy HIC

abstract:
  The scaling behaviors of anisotropic flows of light charged particles are
studied for 25 \,MeV/nucleon $^{40}$Ca+$^{40}$Ca collisions at different impact
parameters by the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The
number of nucleons scaling of elliptic flow is existed and the scaling of the
ratios of $v_{4}/v_{2}^{2}$ and $v_{3}/(v_{1}v_{2})$ are applicable for
collisions at almost all impact parameters except for peripheral collisions.


title:
Pairing effects in the non-degenerate limit of the two-dimensional Fermi
  gas

abstract:
  The spectral function of a spin-balanced two-dimensional Fermi gas with
short-range interactions is calculated by means of a quantum cluster expansion.
Good qualitative agreement is found with a recent experiment by Feld
$\textit{et al.}$ [Nature (London) $\textbf{480}$, 75 (2011)]. The effects of
pairing are clearly visible in the density of states, which displays a
suppression of spectral weight due to the formation of a two-body bound state.
In addition, the momentum distribution and the radio-frequency spectrum are
derived, which are in excellent agreement with exact universal results. It is
demonstrated that in the limit of high temperature, the quasiparticle
excitations are well defined, allowing for a kinetic description of the gas.


title: Hidden Kerr/CFT at finite frequencies

abstract:
  Massless fields propagating in a generic Kerr black hole background enjoy a
hidden SL(2,R)xSL(2,R) symmetry. We determine how the exact mode functions
decompose into representations of this symmetry group. This extends earlier
results on the low frequency limit of the massless scalar case to finite
frequencies and general spin. As an application, we numerically determine the
parameters of the representations that appear in quasinormal modes. These
results represent a first step to formulating a more precise mapping to a
holographic dual conformal field theory for generic black holes.


title: Charged Scalar Pair Production in Strong-Field Photon-Photon Interaction

abstract:
  Following the pioneering work of H. Reiss [1], we provide a covariant
calculation of the charged scalar particle pair production. The calculation is
facilitated by the use of two-dimensional Bessel functions and light-font
coordinates.


title: SIED, a Data Privacy Engineering Framework

abstract:
  While a number of data privacy techniques have been proposed in the recent
years, a few frameworks have been suggested for the implementation of the data
privacy process. Most of the proposed approaches are tailored towards
implementing a specific data privacy algorithm but not the overall data privacy
engineering and design process. Therefore, as a contribution, this study
proposes SIED (Specification, Implementation, Evaluation, and Dissemination), a
conceptual framework that takes a holistic approach to the data privacy
engineering procedure by looking at the specifications, implementation,
evaluation, and finally, dissemination of the privatized data sets.


title:
Reply to Benestad's comment on "Discussions on common errors in
  analyzing sea level accelerations, solar trends and global warming" by
  Scafetta (2013), arXiv:1306.2011

abstract:
  Herein I respond to the criticism and to the complains by Benestad (Pattern
Recogn. Phys. 1, 91-92, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/prp-1-91-2013) of
Scafetta (Pattern Recogn. Phys. 1, 37-57, 2013,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/prp-1-37-2013) that I found misleading and not
tenable. More significantly, Benestad did not find any physical nor
mathematical error in Scafetta's work. Thus, Scafetta scientific results remain
fully confirmed.