title:
BCS-BEC Crossover in the Two-Dimensional Attractive Hubbard Model:
  Variational Cluster Approach

abstract:
  We use the variational cluster approximation to study the superconducting
ground state in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model, putting
particular emphasis on the significance of quantum fluctuations of the system.
We first show that the order parameter is suppressed in comparison with that
obtained using the mean-field theory owing to the effects of spatial
fluctuations in two-dimensional systems. We then show that the calculated
Bogoliubov quasiparticle spectra and condensation amplitude clearly exhibit the
character of Cooper pairs in momentum space and that the pair coherence length
$\xi$ evaluated from the condensation amplitude demonstrates a smooth crossover
in real space from a weakly paired BCS state ($\xi\gg a$) to a BEC state of
tightly bound pairs ($\xi\ll a$), where $a$ is the lattice constant. The
calculated kinetic and potential energies in the superconducting and normal
ground states indicate that the superconducting state in the weak-coupling
region is driven by the gain in potential energy, while that in the
strongcoupling region is driven by the gain in kinetic energy.


title: Efficient valuation method for the SABR model

abstract:
  In this article, we show how the scaling symmetry of the SABR model can be
utilized to efficiently price European options. For special kinds of payoffs,
the complexity of the problem is reduced by one dimension. For more generic
payoffs, instead of solving the 1+2 dimensional SABR PDE, it is sufficient to
solve $N_V$ uncoupled 1+1 dimensional PDE's, where $N_V$ is the number of
points used to discretize one dimension. Furthermore, the symmetry argument
enables us to obtain prices of multiple options, whose payoffs are related to
each other by convolutions, by valuing one of them. The results of the method
are compared with the Monte Carlo simulation.


title:
Time optimization and state-dependent constraints in the quantum optimal
  control of molecular orientation

abstract:
  We apply two recent generalizations of monotonically convergent optimization
algorithms to the control of molecular orientation by laser fields. We show how
to minimize the control duration by a step-wise optimization and maximize the
field-free molecular orientation using state-dependent constraints. We discuss
the physical relevance of the different results.


title:
An Interpolation Problem for Completely Positive Maps on Matrix
  Algebras: Solvability and Parametrisation

abstract:
  We present certain existence criteria and parameterisations for an
interpolation problem for completely positive maps that take given matrices
from a finite set into prescribed matrices. Our approach uses density matrices
associated to linear functionals on *-subspaces of matrices, inspired by the
Smith-Ward linear functional and Arveson's Hahn-Banach type Theorem. We perform
a careful investigation on the intricate relation between the positivity of the
density matrix and the positivity of the corresponding linear functional. A
necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of solutions and a
parametrisation of the set of all solutions of the interpolation problem in
terms of a closed and convex set of an affine space are obtained. Other linear
affine restrictions, like trace preserving, can be included as well, hence
covering applications to quantum channels that yield certain quantum states at
prescribed quantum states.


title:
Quantum-like perception entanglement leads to advantageous collective
  decisions

abstract:
  Social animals have to make collective decisions on a daily basis. In most
instances, these decisions are taken by consensus, when the group does what the
majority of individuals want. Individuals have to base these decisions on the
information they perceive from their socioecological landscape. The perception
mechanisms they use can influence the cost of collective decisions. Here I show
that when group-living individuals perceive their environment concurrently for
the same decisions, a quantum-like perception entanglement process can confer
less costly collective decisions than when individuals collect their
information independently. This highlights a mechanism that can help explain
what may seem to be irrational group-living behavior and opens avenues to
develop empirical tests for quantum decision theory.


title: Time-reversal asymmetry in financial systems

abstract:
  We investigate the large-fluctuation dynamics in financial markets, based on
the minute-to-minute and daily data of the Chinese Indices and German DAX. The
dynamic relaxation both before and after the large fluctuations is
characterized by a power law, and the exponents $p_\pm$ usually vary with the
strength of the large fluctuations. The large-fluctuation dynamics is
time-reversal symmetric at the time scale in minutes, while asymmetric at the
daily time scale. Careful analysis reveals that the time-reversal asymmetry is
mainly induced by external forces. It is also the external forces which drive
the financial system to a non-stationary state. Different characteristics of
the Chinese and German stock markets are uncovered.

categories: q-fin.GN physics.soc-ph q-fin.RM q-fin.TR


title: Controllable stimulation of retinal rod cells using single photons

abstract:
  New tools and approaches of quantum optics offer a unique opportunity to
generate light pulses carrying a precise number of photons. Accurate control
over the light pulses helps to improve the characterization of photo-induced
processes. Here, we interface a specialized light source which provides flashes
containing just one photon, with retinal rod cells of Xenopus laevis toads. We
provide unambiguous proof of single photon sensitivity of rod cells without
relying on the statistical modeling. We determined their quantum efficiencies
without the use of any pre-calibrated detectors, and obtained the value of
29+-4.7 %. Our approach provides the path for future studies and applications
of quantum properties of light in phototransduction, vision, and
photosynthesis.


title:
Multi-mode behavior of electron Zitterbewegung induced by an
  electromagnetic wave in graphene

abstract:
  Electrons in monolayer graphene in the presence of an electromagnetic (or
electric) wave are considered theoretically. It is shown that the electron
motion is a nonlinear combination of Zitterbewegung (ZB, trembling motion)
resulting from the periodic potential of graphene lattice and the driving field
of the wave. This complex motion is called "Multi-mode Zitterbewegung". The
theory is based on the time-dependent two-band Hamiltonian taking into account
the graphene band structure and interaction with the wave. Our theoretical
treatment includes the rotating wave approximation and high-driving-frequency
approximation for narrow wave packets, as well as numerical calculations for
packets of arbitrary widths. Different regimes of electron motion are found,
depending on relation between the ZB frequency $\omega_Z$ and the driving
frequency $\omega_D$ for different strengths of the electron-wave interaction.
Frequencies and intensities of the resulting oscillation modes are calculated.
The nonlinearity of the problem results in a pronounced multi-mode behavior.
Polarization of the medium is also calculated relating our theoretical results
to observable quantities. The presence of driving wave, resulting in
frequencies directly related to $\omega_Z$ and increasing the decay time of
oscillations, should facilitate observations of the Zitterbewegung phenomenon.


title: Belle II Experiment Network and Computing

abstract:
  The Belle experiment, part of a broad-based search for new physics, is a
collaboration of approximately 400 physicists from 55 institutions across four
continents. The Belle detector is located at the KEKB accelerator in Tsukuba,
Japan. The Belle detector was operated at the asymmetric electron-positron
collider KEKB from 1999-2010. The detector accumulated more than 1/ab of
integrated luminosity corresponding to more than 2 PB of data near 10 GeV
center-of-mass energy. Recently, KEK has initiated a $400 million accelerator
upgrade to be called SuperKEKB, designed to produce instantaneous and
integrated luminosity two orders of magnitude greater than KEKB. The new
international collaboration at SuperKEKB is called Belle II. The first data
from Belle II/SuperKEKB is expected in 2015.
  In October 2012, senior members of the Belle II collaboration gathered at
PNNL to discuss the computing and networking requirements of the Belle II
experiment with ESnet staff and other computing and networking experts. The
day-and-a-half-long workshop characterized the instruments and facilities used
in the experiment, the process of science for Belle II, and the computing and
networking equipment and configuration requirements to realize the full
scientific potential of the collaboration's work.
  The requirements identified at the Belle II Experiment Requirements workshop
are summarized in this report.


title: Classical dynamics on Snyder spacetime

abstract:
  We study the classical dynamics of a particle in Snyder spacetime, adopting
the formalism of constrained Hamiltonian systems introduced by Dirac. We show
that the motion of a particle in a scalar potential is deformed with respect to
special relativity by terms of order \beta E^2. An important result is that in
the relativistic Snyder model a consistent choice of the time variable must
necessarily depend on the dynamics.


title: The Jacobian Conjecture, together with Specht and Burnside-type problems

abstract:
  We explore an (unpublished) approach to the famous Jacobian Conjecture by
means of identities of algebras, discovered by the brilliant deceased
mathematician, Alexander Vladimirovich Yagzhev (1951{2001). This approach also
indicates some very close connections between mathematical physics, universal
algebra and automorphisms of polynomial algebras


title: Switching Reconstruction of Digraphs

abstract:
  Switching about a vertex in a digraph means to reverse the direction of every
edge incident with that vertex. Bondy and Mercier introduced the problem of
whether a digraph can be reconstructed up to isomorphism from the multiset of
isomorphism types of digraphs obtained by switching about each vertex. Since
the largest known non-reconstructible oriented graphs have 8 vertices, it is
natural to ask whether there are any larger non-reconstructible graphs. In this
paper we continue the investigation of this question. We find that there are
exactly 44 non-reconstructible oriented graphs whose underlying undirected
graphs have maximum degree at most 2. We also determine the full set of
switching-stable oriented graphs, which are those graphs for which all
switchings return a digraph isomorphic to the original.


title:
Unitary operators in the orthogonal complement of a type $\mathrm{I}$
  von Neumann algebra in a type $\mathrm{II}^{}_{1}$ factor

abstract:
  It is well-known that the equality $$L^{}_{G}\ominus
L^{}_{H}=\bar{\mathrm{span}\{L_{g}:g\in G-H\}^{\mathrm{SOT}}}$$ holds for $G$
an i.c.c. group and $H$ a subgroup in $G$, where $L^{}_{G}$ and $L^{}_{H}$ are
the corresponding group von Neumann algebras and $L^{}_{G}\ominus L^{}_{H}$ is
the set $\{x\in L^{}_{G}:E^{}_{L^{}_{H}}(x)=0\}$ with $E^{}_{L^{}_{H}}$ the
conditional expectation defined from $L^{}_{G}$ onto $L^{}_{H}$. Inspired by
this, it is natural to ask whether the equality $$N\ominus
A=\bar{\mathrm{span}\{u: u\mbox{is unitary in}N\ominus A\}^{\mathrm{SOT}}}$$
holds for $N$ a type $\mbox{II}^{}_{1}$ factor and $A$ a von Neumann subalgebra
of $N$. In this paper, we give an affirmative answer to this question for the
case $A$ a type I von Neumann algebra.


title: Short-axis-mode rotation of a free rigid body by perturbation series

abstract:
  A simple rearrangement of the torque free motion Hamiltonian shapes it as a
perturbation problem for bodies rotating close to the principal axis of maximum
inertia, independently of their triaxiality. The complete reduction of the main
part of this Hamiltonian via the Hamilton-Jacobi equation provides the
action-angle variables that ease the construction of a perturbation solution by
Lie transforms. The lowest orders of the transformation equations of the
perturbation solution are checked to agree with Kinoshita's corresponding
expansions for the exact solution of the free rigid body problem. For
approximately axisymmetric bodies rotating close to the principal axis of
maximum inertia, the common case of major solar system bodies, the new approach
is advantageous over classical expansions based on a small triaxiality
parameter.


title:
Performance comparison of IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11n in the presence
  of interference from 802.15.4 networks

abstract:
  In this paper we compare the packet error rate (PER) and maximum throughput
of IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11g under interference from IEEE 802.15.4 by using
MATLAB to simulate the IEEE PHY for 802.11n and 802.11g networks.


title: Image Integrity Authentication Scheme Based On Fixed Point Theory

abstract:
  Based on fixed point theory, this paper proposes a new scheme for image
integrity authentication, which is different from Digital Signature and Fragile
Watermarking. A realization of the new scheme is given based on Gaussian
Convolution and Deconvolution (GCD) functions. For a given image, if it is
invariant under a GCD function, we call it GCD fixed point image. An existence
theorem of fixed points for GCD functions is proved and an iterative algorithm
is presented for finding fixed points. Experiments show that GCD fixed point
images perform well in transparence, fragility, security and tampering
localization.


title: Solar Burst Analysis with 3D Loop Models

abstract:
  A sample of Nobeyama flares was selected and analyzed using loop model for
important flare parameters. The model for the flaring region consists of a
three dimensional dipolar magnetic field, and spatial distributions of
non-thermal electrons. We constructed a database by calculating the flare
microwave emission for a wide range of these parameters. Out of this database
with more than 5,000 cases we extracted general flare properties by comparing
the observed and calculated microwave spectra. The analysis of NoRP data was
mostly based in the center-to-limb variation of the flare properties with
looptop and footpoint electron distributions and for NoRH maps on the resultant
distribution of emission. One important aspect of this work is the comparison
of the analysis of a flare using an inhomogeneous source model and a simplistic
homogeneous source model. Our results show clearly that the homogeneous source
hypothesis is not appropriate to describe the possible flare geometry and its
use can easily produce misleading results in terms of non-thermal electron
density and magnetic field strength. A center darkening of flares was also
obtained as a geometrical property of the loop-like sources.


title: Analytical model of overlapping Feshbach resonances

abstract:
  Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions often result from an interplay
between many collision channels. Simple two-channel models can be introduced to
capture the basic features, but cannot fully reproduce the situation when
several resonances from different closed channels contribute to the scattering
process. Using the formalism of multichannel quantum defect theory we develop
an analytical model of overlapping Feshbach resonances. We find a general
formula for the variation of the scattering length with magnetic field in the
vicinity of an arbitrary number of resonances, characterized by simple
parameters. Our formula is in excellent agreement with numerical coupled
channels calculations for several cases of overlapping resonances in the
collisions of two $^7$Li atoms or two Cs atoms.


title:
A Survey on Security and Privacy Protocols for Cognitive Wireless Sensor
  Networks

abstract:
  Wireless sensor networks have emerged as an important and new area in
wireless and mobile computing research because of their numerous potential
applications that range from indoor deployment scenarios in home and office to
outdoor deployment in adversary's territory in tactical battleground. Since in
many WSN applications, lives and livelihoods may depend on the timeliness and
correctness of sensor data obtained from dispersed sensor nodes, these networks
must be secured to prevent any possible attacks that may be launched on them.
Security is, therefore, an important issue in WSNs. However, this issue becomes
even more critical in cognitive wireless sensor networks, a type of WSN in
which the sensor nodes have the capabilities of changing their transmission and
reception parameters according to the radio environment under which they
operate in order to achieve reliable and efficient communication and optimum
utilization of the network resources. This survey paper presents a
comprehensive discussion on various security issues in CWSNs by identifying
numerous security threats in these networks and defense mechanisms to counter
these vulnerabilities. Various types of attacks on CWSNs are categorized under
different classes based on their natures and tragets, and corresponding to each
attack class, appropriate security mechanisms are presented. The paper also
identifies some open problems in this emerging area of wireless networking.


title:
Where in the World are You? Geolocation and Language Identification in
  Twitter

abstract:
  The movements of ideas and content between locations and languages are
unquestionably crucial concerns to researchers of the information age, and
Twitter has emerged as a central, global platform on which hundreds of millions
of people share knowledge and information. A variety of research has attempted
to harvest locational and linguistic metadata from tweets in order to
understand important questions related to the 300 million tweets that flow
through the platform each day. However, much of this work is carried out with
only limited understandings of how best to work with the spatial and linguistic
contexts in which the information was produced. Furthermore, standard,
well-accepted practices have yet to emerge. As such, this paper studies the
reliability of key methods used to determine language and location of content
in Twitter. It compares three automated language identification packages to
Twitter's user interface language setting and to a human coding of languages in
order to identify common sources of disagreement. The paper also demonstrates
that in many cases user-entered profile locations differ from the physical
locations users are actually tweeting from. As such, these open-ended,
user-generated, profile locations cannot be used as useful proxies for the
physical locations from which information is published to Twitter.


title: MgH lines in the spectrum of Arcturus

abstract:
  The synthetic spectra of MgH lines was computed for the grid of the model
atmospheres and compared with observed spectrum of Arcturus. The parameters of
the atmosphere of Arcturus log g=1.5 for Teff=4300 K were found by using the
minimization procedure of differences between observed and computed spectra and
compared our results of other studies.


title:
The exact solution of the diffusion trapping model of defect profiling
  with variable energy positrons

abstract:
  We report an exact analytical solution of so-called positron diffusion
trapping model. This model have been widely used for the treatment of the
experimental data for defect profiling of the adjoin surface layer using the
variable energy positron (VEP) beam technique. Hovewer, up to now this model
could be treated only numerically with so-called VEPFIT program. The explicit
form of the solutions is obtained for the realistic cases when defect profile
is described by a discreet step-like function and continuous exponential-like
function. Our solutions allow to derive the analytical expressions for typical
positron annihilation characteristics including the positron lifetime spectrum.
Latter quantity could be measured using the pulsed, slow positron beam. Our
analytical results are in good coincidence with both the VEPFIT numerics and
experimental data. The presented solutions are easily generalizable for defect
profiles of other shapes and can be well used for much more precise treatment
of above experimental data.


title:
As-You-Go Deployment of a Wireless Network with On-Line Measurements and
  Backtracking

abstract:
  We are motivated by the need, in some applications, for impromptu or
as-you-go deployment of wireless sensor networks. A person walks along a line,
making link quality measurements with the previous relay at equally spaced
locations, and deploys relays at some of these locations, so as to connect a
sensor placed on the line with a sink at the start of the line. In this paper,
we extend our earlier work on the problem (see [1]) to incorporate two new
aspects: (i) inclusion of path outage in the deployment objective, and (ii)
permitting the deployment agent to make measurements over several consecutive
steps before selecting a placement location among them (which we call
backtracking). We consider a light traffic regime, and formulate the problem as
a Markov decision process. Placement algorithms are obtained for two cases: (i)
the distance to the source is geometrically distributed with known mean, and
(ii) the average cost per step case. We motivate the per-step cost function in
terms of several known forwarding protocols for sleep-wake cycling wireless
sensor networks. We obtain the structures of the optimal policies for the
various formulations, and provide some sensitivity results about the policies
and the optimal values. We then provide a numerical study of the algorithms,
thus providing insights into the advantage of backtracking, and a comparison
with simple heuristic placement policies.


title: Anisotropic Spinfoam Cosmology

abstract:
  The dynamics of a homogeneous, anisotropic universe are investigated within
the context of spinfoam cosmology. Transition amplitudes are calculated for a
graph consisting of a single node and three links - the `Daisy graph' - probing
the behaviour a classical Bianchi I spacetime. It is shown further how the use
of such single node graphs gives rise to a simplification of states such that
all orders in the spin expansion can be calculated, indicating that it is the
vertex expansion that contains information about quantum dynamics.


title:
Exciton-phonon Bound Complex in Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Revealed
  by High-field Magneto-optical Spectroscopy

abstract:
  High-field magneto-optical spectroscopy was conducted on highly-selected
chiral (6,5) specific single-walled carbon nanotubes. Spectra of phonon
sidebands in both 1st and 2nd sub-bands were observed to be unchanged by the
application of an external magnetic field up to 52 T. Our analyses led to the
conclusion that both phonon sidebands in respective sub-band originate from the
dark K-momentum singlet (D-K-S) excitons. Moreover, while the relative ordering
between the bandedge bright exciton and its zero-momentum anti-bonding
counterpart was found to be opposite for the 1st and 2nd sub-bands, the
relative ordering between the D-K-S exciton and the band-edge bright exciton
was clarified to be the same for both sub-bands. Energy of these D-K-S excitons
was estimated to be ~ 21.5 and ~ 37.3 meV above the band-edge bright exciton
for the 1st and 2nd sub-bands, respectively.


title: Measure Transformer Semantics for Bayesian Machine Learning

abstract:
  The Bayesian approach to machine learning amounts to computing posterior
distributions of random variables from a probabilistic model of how the
variables are related (that is, a prior distribution) and a set of observations
of variables. There is a trend in machine learning towards expressing Bayesian
models as probabilistic programs. As a foundation for this kind of programming,
we propose a core functional calculus with primitives for sampling prior
distributions and observing variables. We define measure-transformer
combinators inspired by theorems in measure theory, and use these to give a
rigorous semantics to our core calculus. The original features of our semantics
include its support for discrete, continuous, and hybrid measures, and, in
particular, for observations of zero-probability events. We compile our core
language to a small imperative language that is processed by an existing
inference engine for factor graphs, which are data structures that enable many
efficient inference algorithms. This allows efficient approximate inference of
posterior marginal distributions, treating thousands of observations per second
for large instances of realistic models.


title:
Impact of two-level fuzzy cluster head selection model for wireless
  sensor network: An Energy efficient approach in remote monitoring scenarios

abstract:
  The robust application of wireless sensor networks has increased during the
past decade due to the potential use of wireless nodes in transmission of
information by decreasing latency for surveillance and monitoring. The study
proposes an Energy Efficient Dynamic Scenario (EEDS) for cluster head
allocation for optimum balance in the energy consumption of the whole network
that will prolong the lifetime of the network in an efficient manner. In this
paper, a two-level fuzzy logic is proposed in choosing cluster head based on
node localization and network traffic. In the upper decision making level
called global level of qualification leads to better performance of the
inference system based on all the above six fuzzy parameters for establishing
an energy efficient network model. We develop an algorithm to calculate energy
across the network if the source and destination is known. We evaluate the cost
and benefit of the data fusion, in order to adaptively adjust whether fusion
shall be performed for minimizing the total energy consumption when energy
efficient node scheduling migrates from a particular node to another node.
Simulation results show that EEDS gives the best performance with respect to
network life time density and residual energy of the node.


title: A semi-empirical Bayesian chart to monitor Weibull percentiles

abstract:
  This paper develops a Bayesian control chart for the percentiles of the
Weibull distribution, when both its in-control and out-of-control parameters
are unknown. The Bayesian approach enhances parameter estimates for small
sample sizes that occur when monitoring rare events as in high-reliability
applications or genetic mutations. The chart monitors the parameters of the
Weibull distribution directly, instead of transforming the data as most
Weibull-based charts do in order to comply with their normality assumption. The
chart uses the whole accumulated knowledge resulting from the likelihood of the
current sample combined with the information given by both the initial prior
knowledge and all the past samples. The chart is adapting since its control
limits change (e.g. narrow) during the Phase I. An example is presented and
good Average Run Length properties are demonstrated. In addition, the paper
gives insights into the nature of monitoring Weibull processes by highlighting
the relationship between distribution and process parameters.


title: A finite-difference lattice Boltzmann approach for gas microflows

abstract:
  Finite-difference Lattice Boltzmann (LB) models are proposed for simulating
gas flows in devices with microscale geometries. The models employ the roots of
half-range Gauss-Hermite polynomials as discrete velocities. Unlike the
standard LB velocity-space discretizations based on the roots of full-range
Hermite polynomials, using the nodes of a quadrature defined in the half-space
permits a consistent treatment of kinetic boundary conditions. The
possibilities of the proposed LB models are illustrated by studying the
one-dimensional Couette flow and the two-dimensional driven cavity flow.
Numerical and analytical results show an improved accuracy in finite Knudsen
flows as compared with standard LB models.


title:
Coded-aperture imaging using photo-induced reconfigurable aperture
  arrays for mapping terahertz beams

abstract:
  We report terahertz coded-aperture imaging using photo-induced reconfigurable
aperture arrays on a silicon wafer. The coded aperture was implemented using
programmable illumination from a commercially available digital light
processing projector. At 590 GHz, each of the array element apertures can be
optically turned on and off with a modulation depth of 20 dB and a modulation
rate of ~1.3 KHz. Prototype demonstrations of 4 by 4 coded-aperture imaging
using Hadamard coding have been performed and this technique has been
successfully applied to mapping THz beams by using a 6 by 6 aperture array at
590 GHz. The imaging results agree closely with theoretical calculations based
on Gaussian beam transformation, demonstrating that this technique is promising
for realizing real-time and low-cost terahertz cameras for many applications.
The reported approach provides a simple but powerful means to visualize THz
beams, which is highly desired in quasi-optical system alignment,
quantum-cascade laser design and characterization, and THz antenna
characterization.


title: Scanning nano-SQUID with single electron spin sensitivity

abstract:
  One of the critical milestones in the intensive pursuit of quantitative
nanoscale magnetic imaging tools is achieving the level of sensitivity required
for detecting the field generated by the spin magnetic moment {\mu}B of a
single electron. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which
were traditionally the most sensitive magnetometers, could not hitherto reach
this goal because of their relatively large effective size (of the order of 1
{\mu}m). Here we report self-aligned fabrication of nano-SQUIDs with diameters
as small as 46 nm and with an extremely low flux noise of 50 n{\Phi}0/Hz^1/2,
representing almost two orders of magnitude improvement in spin sensitivity,
down to 0.38 {\mu}B/Hz^1/2. In addition, the devices operate over a wide range
of magnetic fields with 0.6 {\mu}B/Hz^1/2 sensitivity even at 1 T. We
demonstrate magnetic imaging of vortices in type II superconductor that are 120
nm apart and scanning measurements of AC magnetic fields down to 50 nT. The
unique geometry of these nano-SQUIDs that reside on the apex of a sharp tip
allows approaching the sample to within a few nm, which paves the way to a new
class of single-spin resolved scanning probe microscopy.


title:
Reply to Commentaries on 'An Evolutionary Framework for Cultural Change:
  Selectionism versus Communal Exchange'

abstract:
  The commentators have brought a wealth of new perspectives to the question of
how culture evolves. Each of their diverse disciplines--ranging from psychology
to biology to anthropology to economics to engineering--has a valuable
contribution to make to our understanding of this complex, multifaceted topic.
Though the vast majority of their comments were supportive of my approach, it
is natural that a reply such as this focus on points where my views differ from
that of the commentators. ... I conclude by saying that I am grateful to the
commentators for their diverse perspectives and insights, their overall support
for the project, and provocative ideas for where to go from here. Clearly there
are many fascinating avenues to explore as we move forward on our quest to
understand how culture evolves.


title: Carrier and polarization dynamics in monolayer MoS2

abstract:
  In monolayer MoS2 optical transitions across the direct bandgap are governed
by chiral selection rules, allowing optical valley initialization. In time
resolved photoluminescence (PL) experiments we find that both the polarization
and emission dynamics do not change from 4K to 300K within our time resolution.
We measure a high polarization and show that under pulsed excitation the
emission polarization significantly decreases with increasing laser power. We
find a fast exciton emission decay time on the order of 4ps. The absence of a
clear PL polarization decay within our time resolution suggests that the
initially injected polarization dominates the steady state PL polarization. The
observed decrease of the initial polarization with increasing pump photon
energy hints at a possible ultrafast intervalley relaxation beyond the
experimental ps time resolution. By compensating the temperature induced change
in bandgap energy with the excitation laser energy an emission polarization of
40% is recovered at 300K, close to the maximum emission polarization for this
sample at 4K.


title: Electromagnetic transitions among octet and decuplet baryons in QCD

abstract:
  The magnetic dipole G_M(Q^2), electric quadrupole G_E(Q^2), and Coulomb
quadrupole G_C(Q^2) form factors, describing the spin-3/2 to spin-1/2
electromagnetic transitions, are investigated within the light cone QCD sum
rules. The Q^2 dependence of these form factors, as well as ratios of electric
quadrupole and Coulomb quadrupole form factors to the magnetic dipole form
factors are studied. We also compare our results on the magnetic dipole form
factor with the prediction of the covariant spectator quark model.


title: An Improving Method for Loop Unrolling

abstract:
  In this paper we review main ideas mentioned in several other papers which
talk about optimization techniques used by compilers. Here we focus on loop
unrolling technique and its effect on power consumption, energy usage and also
its impact on program speed up by achieving ILP (Instruction-level
parallelism). Concentrating on superscalar processors, we discuss the idea of
generalized loop unrolling presented by J.C. Hang and T. Leng and then we
present a new method to traverse a linked list to get a better result of loop
unrolling in that case. After that we mention the results of some experiments
carried out on a Pentium 4 processor (as an instance of super scalar
architecture). Furthermore, the results of some other experiments on
supercomputer (the Alliat FX/2800 System) containing superscalar node
processors would be mentioned. These experiments show that loop unrolling has a
slight measurable effect on energy usage as well as power consumption. But it
could be an effective way for program speed up.


title: The spatial structure of cell signaling systems

abstract:
  The spatial structure of the cell is highly organized at all levels: from
small complexes and assemblies, to local nano- and micro-clusters, to global,
micrometer scales across and between cells. We suggest that this multiscale
spatial cell organization also organizes signaling and coordinates cellular
behavior. We propose a new view of the spatial structure of cell signaling
systems. This new view describes cell signaling in terms of dynamic allosteric
interactions within and among distinct, spatially organized transient clusters.
The clusters vary over time and space and are on length scales from nanometers
to micrometers. When considered across these length-scales, primary factors in
the spatial organization are cell membrane domains and the actin cytoskeleton,
both also highly dynamic. A key challenge is to understand the interplay across
these multiple scales, link it to the physicochemical basis of the
conformational behavior of single molecules, and ultimately relate it to
cellular function. Overall, our premise is that at these scales, cell signaling
should be thought of not primarily as a sequence of diffusion-controlled
molecular collisions, but instead transient, allostery-driven cluster
re-forming interactions.


title: Dynamical bag in a chiral quark model

abstract:
  A type of bag function is proposed to make the MIT bag surface of baryon
dynamical. It is illustrated through renormalization of the quark field that
the softening of chiral bag gives rise to a model of chiral quark with
effectively-generated mass of quark, in which confined quark moves in the
background of nonlinear pion. A prediction of bag constant $B$ $\simeq
2f_{\pi}^{2}m_{\pi}^{2}\allowbreak $ is made. With two free parameters, the
self-coupling $e$ of pion and the confining scale $a$, the computed mass, the
charge root-mean-square radius and magnetic moment of the proton are in good
agreement with the experimental values.


title: Ontology Enrichment by Extracting Hidden Assertional Knowledge from Text

abstract:
  In this position paper we present a new approach for discovering some special
classes of assertional knowledge in the text by using large RDF repositories,
resulting in the extraction of new non-taxonomic ontological relations. Also we
use inductive reasoning beside our approach to make it outperform. Then, we
prepare a case study by applying our approach on sample data and illustrate the
soundness of our proposed approach. Moreover in our point of view current LOD
cloud is not a suitable base for our proposal in all informational domains.
Therefore we figure out some directions based on prior works to enrich datasets
of Linked Data by using web mining. The result of such enrichment can be reused
for further relation extraction and ontology enrichment from unstructured free
text documents.


title: Universal Empathy and Ethical Bias for Artificial General Intelligence

abstract:
  Rational agents are usually built to maximize rewards. However, AGI agents
can find undesirable ways of maximizing any prior reward function. Therefore
value learning is crucial for safe AGI. We assume that generalized states of
the world are valuable - not rewards themselves, and propose an extension of
AIXI, in which rewards are used only to bootstrap hierarchical value learning.
The modified AIXI agent is considered in the multi-agent environment, where
other agents can be either humans or other "mature" agents, which values should
be revealed and adopted by the "infant" AGI agent. General framework for
designing such empathic agent with ethical bias is proposed also as an
extension of the universal intelligence model. Moreover, we perform experiments
in the simple Markov environment, which demonstrate feasibility of our approach
to value learning in safe AGI.


title:
Effectiveness of the product stabilization in direct three-body
  recombination

abstract:
  The optimal kinematic parameters for the formation of the most stabilized
products in direct three-body recombination Cs+ + Br- + R ---> CsBr + R with R
= Hg, Xe, Kr are determined by the deformed polyhedron method for the third
body energy and the ion encounter energy ranging from 1 to 10 eV. The
stabilization effectivity functions are obtained for each atom, and the mean
effectivities of the atoms in the formation of products with the lowest
internal energy are calculated. The Xe and Hg atoms are almost equally
effective in energy removal from the recombining pair due to high hardness of
the repulsion potentials in the interactions of these atoms with the ions. The
Kr atom effectivity is much less because of much softer repulsion in the
corresponding pairwise interactions. The dynamical mechanism of the third body
collisions with the ions affects greatly the energy transfer effectiveness.


title: Left fibrations and homotopy colimits

abstract:
  For a small category A, we prove that the homotopy colimit functor from the
category of simplicial diagrams on A to the category of simplicial sets over
the nerve of A establishes a left Quillen equivalence between the projective
(or Reedy) model structure on the former category and the covariant model
structure on the latter. We compare this equivalence to a Quillen equivalence
in the opposite direction previously established by Lurie. From our results we
deduce that a categorical equivalence of simplicial sets induces a Quillen
equivalence on the corresponding over-categories, equipped with the covariant
model structures. Also, we show that versions of Quillen's Theorems A and B for
infinity-categories easily follow.


title: A possibility of high spin hole states in doped CoO$_2$ layered systems

abstract:
  We introduce and investigate an effective five-band model for $t_{2g}$ and
$e_g$ electrons to describe doped cobalt oxides with Co$^{3+}$ and Co$^{4+}$
ions in two-dimensional CoO$_2$ triangular lattice layers, as in
Na$_{1-x}$CoO$_2$. The effective Hamiltonian includes anisotropic kinetic
energy (due to both direct Co-Co and indirect Co-O-Co hoppings), on-site
Coulomb interactions parameterized by intraorbital Hubbard repulsion $U$ and
full Hund's exchange tensor, crystal-field terms and Jahn-Teller static
distortions. We study it using correlated wave functions on $6\times 6$
clusters with periodic boundary conditions. The computations indicate low S=0
spin to high S=2 spin abrupt transition in the undoped systems when increasing
strength of the crystal field, while intermediate S=1 spins are not found.
Surprisingly, for the investigated realistic Hamiltonian parameters describing
low spin states in CoO$_2$ planes, doping generates high $S=\frac{5}{2}$ spins
at Co$^{4+}$ ions that are pairwise bound into singlets, seen here as pairs of
up and down spins. It is found that such singlet pairs self-organize at higher
doping into lines of spins with coexisting antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic
bonds, forming stripe-like structures. The ground states are insulating within
the investigated range of doping because computed HOMO-LUMO gaps are never
small enough.


title: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Viscoelastic Fluids

abstract:
  In this paper I analyze the onset of Rayleigh-Taylor instability between two
linear viscoelastic fluids assuming that the perturbations at the interface are
small. In the first half, the paper analyzes a stratified viscoelastic fluid in
which I prove that the perturbations rise or fall exponentially without
oscillating. The second half of the paper examines the effect of electric and
magnetic fields on viscoelastic fluids. I show that it is possible to choose
electric or magnetic field gradient such that the effective acceleration due to
gravity is zero. If a heavy Newtonian fluid rests on top of a lighter Newtonian
fluid such a choice of field gradient would have rendered the arrangement
stable. If the fluids are viscoelastic, I show that a similar arrangement is
unstable.


title:
Success probabilities for universal unambiguous discriminators between
  unknown pure states

abstract:
  A universal programmable discriminator can perform the discrimination between
two unknown states, and the optimal solution can be approached via the
discrimination between the two averages over the uniformly distributed unknown
input pure states, which has been widely discussed in previous works. In this
paper, we consider the success probabilities of the optimal universal
programmable unambiguous discriminators when applied to the pure input states.
More precisely, the analytic results of the success probabilities are derived
with the expressions of the optimal measurement operators for the universal
discriminators and we find that the success probabilities have nothing to do
with the dimension d while the amounts of the copies in the two program
registers are equal. The success probability of programmable unambiguous
discriminator can asymptoticly approach to that of usual unambiguous
discrimination (state comparison) as the number of copies in program registers
(data register) goes to infinity.


title: Localization for random block operators related to the XY spin chain

abstract:
  We study a class of random block operators which appear as effective
one-particle Hamiltonians for the anisotropic XY quantum spin chain in an
exterior magnetic field given by an array of i.i.d. random variables. For
arbitrary non-trivial single-site distribution of the magnetic field, we prove
dynamical localization of these operators at non-zero energy.


title: Supercoiled Tangles and Stick Numbers of 2-bridge Links

abstract:
  Utilizing both twisting and writhing, we construct integral tangles with few
sticks, leading to an efficient method for constructing polygonal 2-bridge
links. Let L be a two bridge link with crossing number c, stick number s, and n
tangles. It is shown that s is less than or equal to 2/3 c + 2n+3 . We also
show that if c > 12n+3, then minimal stick representatives do not admit minimal
crossing projections.


title: Three Circle Theorems on K\"ahler manifolds and applications

abstract:
  The classical Hadamard three circle theorem is generalized to complete
K\"ahler manifolds. More precisely, we show that the nonnegativity of the
holomorphic sectional curvature is a necessary and sufficient condition for the
three circle theorem. As corollaries, two sharp monotonicity formulae for
holomorphic functions are derived. Among applications, we derive sharp
dimension estimates (with rigidity) of holomorphic functions with polynomial
growth when the holomorphic sectional curvature is nonnegative. When the
bisectional curvature is nonnegative, this was due to Ni. Also we study
holomorphic functions with polynomial growth near infinity. On a complete
noncompact K\"ahler manifold with nonnegative bisectional curvature, we prove
any holomorphic function with polynomial growth is homogenous at infinity. This
result is closely related with Yau's conjecture on the finite generation of
holomorphic functions (see page $3-4$ for detailed explanation).
  We also generalize the three circle theorem to K\"ahler manifolds with
holomorphic sectional curvature lower bound. These inequalities are sharp in
general. As applications, we establish sharp dimension estimates for
holomorphic functions with certain growth conditions when the holomorphic
sectional curvature is asymptotically nonnegative.
  Finally observe that Hitchin constructed some complex manifolds which admit
K\"ahler metric with positive holomorphic sectional curvature, yet do not even
admit K\"ahler metrics with nonnegative Ricci curvature. Thus the set of
complete K\"ahler manifolds with nonnegative holomorphic sectional curvature is
strictly wider than those with nonnegative bisectional curvature.


title: On finite generation of holomorphic functions on Riemann surfaces

abstract:
  We gave an alternative short proof on the finite generation of holomorphic
functions with polynomial growth on Riemann surfaces with nonnegative
curvature. The first proof was due to Li and Tam.


title: Quantum friction and fluctuation theorems

abstract:
  We use general concepts of statistical mechanics to compute the quantum
frictional force on an atom moving at constant velocity above a planar surface.
We derive the zero-temperature frictional force using a non-equilibrium
fluctuation-dissipation relation, and show that in the large-time, steady-state
regime quantum friction scales as the cubic power of the atom's velocity. We
also discuss how approaches based on Wigner-Weisskopf and quantum regression
approximations fail to predict the correct steady-state zero temperature
frictional force, mainly due to the low frequency nature of quantum friction.


title:
Optical properties of the Hofstadter butterfly in the Moir\'{e}
  superlattice

abstract:
  We investigate the optical absorption spectrum and the selection rule for the
Hofstadter butterfly in twisted bilayer graphene under magnetic fields. We
demonstrate that the absorption spectrum exhibits a self-similar recursive
pattern reflecting the fractal nature of the energy spectrum. We find that the
optical selection rule has a nested self-similar structure as well, and it is
governed by the conservation of the total angular momentum summed over
different hierarchies.


title:
FIM tips in SPM: Apex orientation and temperature considerations on atom
  transfer and diffusion

abstract:
  Atoms transferred to W(111) and W(110) tip apices from the Au(111) surface
during tunneling and approach to mechanical contact experiments in STM are
characterized in FIM at room temperature and at 158 K. The different activation
energies for diffusion on the (111) and (110) tip planes and the experiment
temperature are shown to be important factors controlling the extent of changes
to the atomic structure of the tip. W(111) tips are much better suited to
scanning probe studies which require the characterization of an atomically
defined tip and subsequent verification of its integrity in FIM. The statistics
of the observed spikes in the tunneling current when the tips are approached to
Au(111) are interpreted using a simple model of adatoms diffusing through the
STM junction.


title: On SL(2)-orbit theorems

abstract:
  We extend SL(2)-orbit theorems for degeneration of mixed Hodge structures to
a situation in which we do not assume the polarizability of graded quotients.
We also obtain analogous results on Deligne systems.


title:
Techniques frequently used during London Olympic judo tournaments: a
  biomechanical approach

abstract:
  Feedback between training and competition should be considered in athletic
training.The aim of the study was contemporary coaching tendencies in women s
and men s judo with particular focus on a biomechanical classification of
throws and grappling actions. Throwing technique frequencies grouped in the
seven biomechanical classes were dependent on gender. A significant difference
was found between frequencies of variable arm of physical lever technique
scored by males and females as compared to the techniques counts. Significant
differences between men who competed in extra lightweight and heavy weight
concerned the frequency of the techniques used with maximum arm or variable arm
of physical lever and a couple of forces applied by trunk and legs.In females a
tendency to higher frequency of techniques that used couple of forces applied
by arm or arms and leg was observed in extra lightweight compared to the heavy
weight. Because the technique preferred in the fight depends on a gender and
weight category of a judoka, the relationships found in this study, which can
be justified by the biomechanics of throws, should be taken into consideration
in technical and tactical coaching of the contestants. A method used in this
study can be recommended for future research concerning coaching tendencies


title: Approximate IPA: Trading Unbiasedness for Simplicity

abstract:
  When Perturbation Analysis (PA) yields unbiased sensitivity estimators for
expected-value performance functions in discrete event dynamic systems, it can
be used for performance optimization of those functions. However, when PA is
known to be unbiased, the complexity of its estimators often does not scale
with the system's size. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an alternative
approach to optimization which balances precision with computing efforts by
trading off complicated, unbiased PA estimators for simple, biased approximate
estimators. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for developing such estimators,
that are largely based on the Stochastic Flow Modeling framework. We suggest
that if the relative error (or bias) is not too large, then optimization
algorithms such as stochastic approximation converge to a (local) minimum just
like in the case where no approximation is used. We apply this approach to an
example of balancing loss with buffer-cost in a finite-buffer queue, and prove
a crucial upper bound on the relative error. This paper presents the initial
study of the proposed approach, and we believe that if the idea gains traction
then it may lead to a significant expansion of the scope of PA in optimization
of discrete event systems.


title:
The network-level reproduction number and extinction threshold for
  vector-borne diseases

abstract:
  The reproduction number of deterministic models is an essential quantity to
predict whether an epidemic will spread or die out. Thresholds for disease
extinction contribute crucial knowledge on disease control, elimination, and
mitigation of infectious diseases. Relationships between the basic reproduction
numbers of two network-based ordinary differential equation vector-host models,
and extinction thresholds of corresponding continuous-time Markov chain models
are derived under some assumptions. Numerical simulation results for malaria
and Rift Valley fever transmission on heterogeneous networks are in agreement
with analytical results without any assumptions, reinforcing the relationships
may always exist and proposing a mathematical problem of proving their
existences in general. Moreover, numerical simulations show that the
reproduction number is not monotonically increasing or decreasing with the
extinction threshold. Key parameters in predicting uncertainty of extinction
thresholds are identified using Latin Hypercube Sampling/Partial Rank
Correlation Coefficient. Consistent trends of extinction probability observed
through numerical simulations provide novel insights into mitigation strategies
to increase the disease extinction probability. Research findings may improve
understandings of thresholds for disease persistence in order to control
vector-borne diseases.


title:
Special Lagrangian submanifolds in C^n with flat and Fubini-Study
  metrics

abstract:
  We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a special Lagrangian
submanifold in C^n constructed by Lawlor being also special Lagrangian in C^n
with the Fubini-Study form.


title:
Hadamard well-posedness for a hyperbolic equation of viscoelasticity
  with supercritical sources and damping

abstract:
  Presented here is a study of a viscoelastic wave equation with supercritical
source and damping terms. We employ the theory of monotone operators and
nonlinear semigroups, combined with energy methods to establish the existence
of a unique local weak solution. In addition, it is shown that the solution
depends continuously on the initial data and is global provided the damping
dominates the source in an appropriate sense.


title:
Tight co-degree condition for the existence of loose Hamilton cycles in
  3-graphs

abstract:
  In 2006, K\"{u}hn and Osthus showed that if a 3-graph H on n vertices has
minimum co-degree at least (1/4 +o(1))n and n is even then H has a loose
Hamilton cycle. In this paper, we prove that the minimum co-degree of n/4
suffices. The result is tight.


title:
Ionospheric observations of Underground Nuclear Explosions (UNE) using
  GPS and the Very Large Array

abstract:
  Observations from GPS receivers and the Very Large Array (VLA) radio
telescope recorded traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) from underground
nuclear explosions (UNEs), detonated in September 1992. The slant TEC (STEC)
data derived from GPS observations were processed for all ray paths to isolate
TIDs. For the TIDs from the Hunters Trophy test on 18 September 1992 and the
Divider test on 23 September 1992, the propagated mean velocities of the TIDs
were about 573m/s and 740m/s with standard deviations of 85m/s and 135 m/s,
respectively. For the VLA observations, the spectral analysis produced
three-dimensional fluctuation spectral cubes for the Hunters Trophy event. The
arrival time of the TID at the VLA implied a propagation speed of 570-710 m/s.
This study suggests the global availability of GNSS tracking networks and new
low-frequency (VHF) radio telescopes may offer a method of UNE detection and
characterization, which could complement the International Monitoring System
(IMS).


title:
Detecting the community structure and activity patterns of temporal
  networks: a non-negative tensor factorization approach

abstract:
  The increasing availability of temporal network data is calling for more
research on extracting and characterizing mesoscopic structures in temporal
networks and on relating such structure to specific functions or properties of
the system. An outstanding challenge is the extension of the results achieved
for static networks to time-varying networks, where the topological structure
of the system and the temporal activity patterns of its components are
intertwined. Here we investigate the use of a latent factor decomposition
technique, non-negative tensor factorization, to extract the community-activity
structure of temporal networks. The method is intrinsically temporal and allows
to simultaneously identify communities and to track their activity over time.
We represent the time-varying adjacency matrix of a temporal network as a
three-way tensor and approximate this tensor as a sum of terms that can be
interpreted as communities of nodes with an associated activity time series. We
summarize known computational techniques for tensor decomposition and discuss
some quality metrics that can be used to tune the complexity of the factorized
representation. We subsequently apply tensor factorization to a temporal
network for which a ground truth is available for both the community structure
and the temporal activity patterns. The data we use describe the social
interactions of students in a school, the associations between students and
school classes, and the spatio-temporal trajectories of students over time. We
show that non-negative tensor factorization is capable of recovering the class
structure with high accuracy. In particular, the extracted tensor components
can be validated either as known school classes, or in terms of correlated
activity patterns, i.e., of spatial and temporal coincidences that are
determined by the known school activity schedule.


title: On the decay of elements of inverse triangular Toeplitz matrix

abstract:
  We consider half-infinite triangular Toeplitz matrices with slow decay of the
elements and prove under a monotonicity condition that elements of the inverse
matrix, as well as elements of the fundamental matrix, decay to zero. We also
provide a quantitative description of the decay of the fundamental matrix in
terms of p-norms. Finally, we prove that for matrices with slow log-convex
decay the inverse matrix has fast decay, i.e. is bounded. The results are
compared with the classical results of Jaffard and Veccio and illustrated by
numerical example.


title:
A Rough Computing based Performance Evaluation Approach for Educational
  Institutions

abstract:
  Performance evaluation of various organizations especially educational
institutions is a very important area of research and needs to be cultivated
more. In this paper, we propose a performance evaluation for educational
institutions using rough set on fuzzy approximation spaces with ordering rules
and information entropy. In order to measure the performance of educational
institutions, we construct an evaluation index system. Rough set on fuzzy
approximation spaces with ordering is applied to explore the evaluation index
data of each level. Furthermore, the concept of information entropy is used to
determine the weighting coefficients of evaluation indexes. Also, we find the
most important indexes that influence the weighting coefficients. The proposed
approach is validated and shows the practical viability. Moreover, the proposed
approach can be applicable to any organizations.


title: Power Laws and Fragility in Flow Networks

abstract:
  What makes economic and ecological networks so unlike other highly skewed
networks in their tendency toward turbulence and collapse? Here, we explore the
consequences of a defining feature of these networks: their nodes are tied
together by flow. We show that flow networks tend to the power law degree
distribution (PLDD) due to a self-reinforcing process involving position within
the global network structure, and thus present the first random graph model for
PLDDs that does not depend on a rich-get-richer function of nodal degree. We
also show that in contrast to non-flow networks, PLDD flow networks are
dramatically more vulnerable to catastrophic failure than non-PLDD flow
networks, a finding with potential explanatory power in our age of resource-
and financial-interdependence and turbulence.


title: Lattice of Ideals of the Polynomial Ring over a Commutative Chain Ring

abstract:
  Let $R$ be a commutative chain ring. We use a variation of Gr\"obner bases to
study the lattice of ideals of $R[x]$. Let $I$ be a proper ideal of $R[x]$. We
are interested in the following two questions: When is $R[x]/I$ Frobenius? When
is $R[x]/I$ Frobenius and local? We develop algorithms for answering both
questions. When the nilpotency of $\text{rad}\,R$ is small, the algorithms
provide explicit answers to the questions.


title: X-ray discovery of a dwarf-galaxy galaxy collision

abstract:
  We report the discovery of a probable dwarf galaxy colliding with NGC 1232.
This collision is visible only in the X-ray spectral band, and it is creating a
region of shocked gas with a temperature of 5.8 MK covering an impact area 7.25
kpc in diameter. The X-ray luminosity is 3.7 x1038ergs s-1. The long lifetime
of this gas against radiative and adiabatic cooling should permit the use of
the luminous afterglow from such collisions to be used as a way of estimating
their importance in galaxy evolution.


title: Homotopy Type Theory: Univalent Foundations of Mathematics

abstract:
  Homotopy type theory is a new branch of mathematics, based on a recently
discovered connection between homotopy theory and type theory, which brings new
ideas into the very foundation of mathematics. On the one hand, Voevodsky's
subtle and beautiful "univalence axiom" implies that isomorphic structures can
be identified. On the other hand, "higher inductive types" provide direct,
logical descriptions of some of the basic spaces and constructions of homotopy
theory. Both are impossible to capture directly in classical set-theoretic
foundations, but when combined in homotopy type theory, they permit an entirely
new kind of "logic of homotopy types". This suggests a new conception of
foundations of mathematics, with intrinsic homotopical content, an "invariant"
conception of the objects of mathematics -- and convenient machine
implementations, which can serve as a practical aid to the working
mathematician. This book is intended as a first systematic exposition of the
basics of the resulting "Univalent Foundations" program, and a collection of
examples of this new style of reasoning -- but without requiring the reader to
know or learn any formal logic, or to use any computer proof assistant.


title: Efficient Bayesian-based Multi-View Deconvolution

abstract:
  Light sheet fluorescence microscopy is able to image large specimen with high
resolution by imaging the sam- ples from multiple angles. Multi-view
deconvolution can significantly improve the resolution and contrast of the
images, but its application has been limited due to the large size of the
datasets. Here we present a Bayesian- based derivation of multi-view
deconvolution that drastically improves the convergence time and provide a fast
implementation utilizing graphics hardware.


title: A strong test of the Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology

abstract:
  The Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology (METE) is a unified theory of
biodiversity that predicts a large number of macroecological patterns using
only information on the species richness, total abundance, and total metabolic
rate of the community. We evaluated four major predictions of METE
simultaneously at an unprecedented scale using data from 60 globally
distributed forest communities including over 300,000 individuals and nearly
2000 species. METE successfully captured 96% and 89% of the variation in the
species abundance distribution and the individual size distribution, but
performed poorly when characterizing the size-density relationship and
intraspecific distribution of individual size. Specifically, METE predicted a
negative correlation between size and species abundance, which is weak in
natural communities. By evaluating multiple predictions with large quantities
of data, our study not only identifies a mismatch between abundance and body
size in METE, but also demonstrates the importance of conducting strong tests
of ecological theories.


title:
On the Solvability of an Euler Graphene Beam Subject to Axial
  Compressive Load

abstract:
  In this paper we formulate the equilibrium equation of a beam made of
graphene material subjected to some boundary conditions and acted upon by axial
compression and nonlinear lateral constrains as a fourth-order nonlinear
boundary value problem. We also formulate the nonlinear eigenvalue for buckling
analysis of the beam. We verify the solvability of the buckling problem as an
asymptotic expansion in a ratio of the elastoplastic parameters, that the
spectrum is bounded away from zero and contains a discrete infinite sequence of
eigenvalues.We also verify, for certain ranges of the lateral forces, the
solvability of the general equations using energy methods and a suitable
iteration scheme.


title: The $S$-transform in arbitrary dimensions

abstract:
  In this note we report the solution of the problem of defining the
$S$-transform in Free Probability Theory in arbitrary dimensions. This is
achieved by generalising the theory and embedding it into an
algebraic-geometric framework. Finally, we classify the groups arising as
distributions of s-tuples of non-commutative random variables.


title:
Griffiths phase and critical behavior of the 2D Potts models with
  long-range correlated disorder

abstract:
  The $q$-state Potts model with a long-range correlated disorder is studied by
means of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations for $q=2,4,8$ and 16. Evidence is
given of the existence of a Griffiths phase, where the thermodynamic quantities
display an algebraic Finite-Size Scaling, in a finite range of temperatures
around the self-dual point. The critical exponents are shown to depend on both
the temperature and the exponent of the algebraic decay of disorder
correlations, but not on the number of states of the Potts model. The mechanism
leading to the violation of hyperscaling relations is observed in the entire
Griffiths phase.


title:
Wall-plug (AC) power consumption of a very high energy e+/e- storage
  ring collider

abstract:
  Estimated AC power consumption ranges from ~280 MW (1) to 416 MW (2) for a
350 GeV E_cm 80 km circumference colliding beam storage ring complex with
parameters given in (1). The difference between the two estimates is from
differing assumptions concerning heat removal, cryo-plant efficiency, klystron
operation etc. The purpose of this note is to list and explain these.
  (1) Mike Koratzinos, et al, IPAC13 (2) Marc Ross, Higgs Quo Vadis Workshop,
March 2013.


title:
Toward UrQMD Model Description of pp and pC Interactions at High
  Energies

abstract:
  It is found that UrQMD model version 3.3 does not describe NA61/SHINE
Collaboration data on \pi-meson production in pp interactions at energies 20 -
80 GeV. At the same time, it describes quite well the NA49 Collaboration data
on the meson production in pp and pC interactions at 158 GeV. The
Collaborations do not consider feedback of \eta-meson decays. All versions of
the UrQMD model assume that \eta-mesons are "stable". An inclusion of the
decays into calculations leads to 2--3 % increase of the meson production which
is not enough for description of the data. Possible ways of the model
improvements are considered.
  Conclusions of the paper are: accounting of \eta-meson decays is not
essential for a description of experimental data; a new tuning of the UrQMD
model parameters is needed for a successful description of pp and pC
interactions at high energies; inclusion of the low mass diffraction
dissociation in the UrQMD model would be desirable.


title:
Hamiltonian Magnetohydrodynamics: Lagrangian, Eulerian, and Dynamically
  Accessible Stability - Theory

abstract:
  Stability conditions of magnetized plasma flows are obtained by exploiting
the Hamiltonian structure of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations and, in
particular, by using three kinds of energy principles. First, the Lagrangian
variable energy principle is described and sufficient stability conditions are
presented. Next, plasma flows are described in terms of Eulerian variables and
the noncanonical Hamiltonian formulation of MHD is exploited. For symmetric
equilibria, the energy-Casimir principle is expanded to second order and
sufficient conditions for stability to symmetric perturbation are obtained.
Then, dynamically accessible variations, i.e. variations that explicitly
preserve invariants of the system, are introduced and the respective energy
principle is considered. General criteria for stability are obtained, along
with comparisons between the three different approaches.


title: Quantum dimer model for the spin-1/2 kagome Z2 spin liquid

abstract:
  We revisit the description of the low-energy singlet sector of the spin-1/2
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on kagome in terms of an effective quantum dimer
model. With the help of exact diagonalizations of appropriate finite-size
clusters, we show that the embedding of a given process in its kagome
environment leads to dramatic modifications of the amplitudes of the elementary
loop processes, an effect not accessible to the standard approach based on the
truncation of the Hamiltonian to the nearest-neighbour valence-bond basis. The
resulting parameters are consistent with a Z$_2$ spin liquid rather than with a
valence-bond crystal, in agreement with the last density matrix renormalization
group results.


title:
Angular momentum conservation in measurements on spin Bose-Einstein
  condensates

abstract:
  We discuss a thought experiment where two operators, Alice and Bob, perform
transverse spin measurements on a quantum system; this system is initially in a
double Fock spin state, which extends over a large distance in space so that
the two operators are far away from each other. Standard quantum mechanics
predicts that, when Alice makes a few measurements, a large transverse
component of the spin angular momentum may appear in Bob's laboratory. A
paradox then arises since local angular momentum conservation seems to be
violated. It has been suggested that this angular momentum may be provided by
the interaction with the measurement apparatuses. We show that this solution of
the paradox is not appropriate, so that another explanation must be sought. The
general question is the retroaction of a quantum system onto a measurement
apparatus. For instance, when the measured system is entangled with another
quantum system, can its reaction on a measurement apparatus be completely
changed? Is angular momentum conserved only on average over several
measurements, but not during one realization of the experiment?


title: Studies of charmless B decays including CP violation effects

abstract:
  The latest experimental results in charmless B decays are presented with a
focus on CP violation measurements. These include the first observation of CP
violation in B_s decays, evidence for CP violation in charmless three-body B+
decays, branching fraction measurements of B+ --> ppK+ decays and the first
observation of the decay B_s --> phi K*0 from LHCb, a comparison of B+ -->
K+K-K+ CP violation measurements between LHCb and BaBar, and the first evidence
for the decay B0 --> K+K-pi0 obtained by Belle.


title: Detailed Structure for Freiman's 3k-3 Theorem

abstract:
  Let A be a finite set of integers. We prove that if |A| is at least 2 and
|A+A| is 3|A|-3, then one of the following is true:
  1. A is a bi-arithmetic progression;
  2. A+A contains an arithmetic progression of length 2|A|-1;
  3. |A| is 6 and A is Freiman isomorphic to the set
{(0,0),(0,1),(0,2),(1,0),(1,1),(2,0)};
  4. A is Freiman isomorphic to a set in either the form of {0,2,...,2k} union
B union {n} for some non-negative integer k at most n/2 -2 or the form of {0}
union C union D union {n}, where n=2|A|-2, B is left dense in [2k,n-1], C is
right dense in [1,u] for some u in [4,n-6], D is left dense in [u+2,n-1], B,C,D
are anti-symmetric and additively minimal in the correspondent host intervals.


title: Large scale index of multi-partitioned manifolds

abstract:
  Let M be a complete n-dimensional Riemannian spin manifold, partitioned by q
two-sided hypersurfaces which have a compact transverse intersection N and
which in addition satisfy a certain coarse transversality condition. Let E be a
Hermitean bundle with connection on M. We define a coarse multi-partitioned
index of the spin Dirac operator on M twisted by E.
  Our main result is the computation of this multi-partitioned index as the
Fredholm index of the Dirac operator on the compact manifold N, twisted by the
restriction of E to N.
  We establish the following main application: if the scalar curvature of M is
bounded from below by a positive constant everywhere (or even if this happens
only on one of the quadrants defined by the partitioning hypersurfaces) then
the multi-partitioned index vanishes. Consequently, ind(D_N) is an obstruction
to uniformly positive scalar curvature on M.
  The proof of the multi-partitioned index theorem proceeds in two steps: first
we establish a strong new localization property of the multi-partitioned index
which is the main novelty of this note. This we establish even when we twist
with an arbitrary Hilbert A-module bundle E (for an auxiliary C*-algebra A).
This allows to reduce to the case where M is the product of a compact manifold
with Euclidean space. For this special case, standard methods for the explicit
calculation of the index in this product situation can be adapted to obtain the
result.


title:
High-Speed Visible Light Indoor Networks Based on Optical Orthogonal
  Codes and Combinatorial Designs

abstract:
  Interconnecting devices in an indoor environment using the illumination
system and white light emitting diodes (LED) requires adaptive networking
techniques that can provide network access for multiple users. Two techniques
based on multilevel signaling and optical orthogonal codes (OOC) are explored
in this paper in order to provide simultaneous multiple access in an indoor
multiuser network. Balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) are used to
construct multilevel symbols for M-ary signaling. Using these multilevel
symbols we are able to control the optical peak to average power ratio (PAPR)
in the system, and hereby control the dimming level. In the first technique,
the M-ary data of each user is first encoded using the OOC codeword that is
assigned to that user, and then it is fed into a BIBD encoder to generate a
multilevel signal. The second multiple access method uses sub-sets of a BIBD
code to apply multilevel expurgated pulse-position modulation (MEPPM) to the
data of each user. While the first approach has a larger Hamming distance
between the symbols of each user, the latter can provide higher bit-rates for
users in VLC systems with bandwidth-limited LEDs.


title: Arithmetic differential equations on $GL_n$, II: arithmetic Lie theory

abstract:
  Motivated by the search of a concept of linearity in the theory of arithmetic
differential equations we introduce here an arithmetic analogue of Lie algebras
and a concept of skew arithmetic differential cocycles. We will then construct
such skew cocycles, based on certain remarkable lifts of Frobenius for the
classical groups $GL_n, SL_n, SO_n, Sp_{n}$. The theory for $GL_n$, especially
on the Galois side, will be further developed in a sequel to this paper.


title:
On the varieties of the second row of the split Freudenthal-Tits Magic
  Square

abstract:
  Our main aim is to provide a uniform geometric characterization of the
analogues over arbitrary fields of the four complex Severi varieties, i.e.~the
quadric Veronese varieties in 5-dimensional projective spaces, the Segre
varieties in 8-di\-men\-sional projective spaces, the line Grassmannians in
14-dimensional projective spaces, and the exceptional varieties of type
$\mathsf{E}_{6}$ in 26-dimensional projective space. Our theorem can be
regarded as a far-reaching generalization of Mazzocca and Melone's approach to
finite quadric Veronesean varieties. This approach takes projective properties
of complex Severi varieties as smooth varieties as axioms.


title: Global Regularity for some Oldroyd-B type Models

abstract:
  We investigate some critical models for visco-elastic flows of Oldroyd-B type
in dimension two. We use a transformation which exploits the Oldroyd-B
structure to prove an L^\infty bound on the vorticity which allows us to prove
global regularity for our systems.


title: Arithmetic differential equations on $GL_n$, III: Galois groups

abstract:
  Differential equations have arithmetic analogues in which derivatives are
replaced by Fermat quotients; these analogues are called arithmetic
differential equations and the present paper is concerned with the "linear"
ones. The equations themselves were introduced in a previous paper. In the
present paper we deal with the solutions of these equations as well as with the
differential Galois groups attached to the solutions.


title: Arithmetic differential equations on $GL_n$, I: differential cocycles

abstract:
  The theory of differential equations has an arithmetic analogue in which
derivatives are replaced by Fermat quotients. One can then ask what is the
arithmetic analogue of a linear differential equation. The study of usual
linear differential equations is the same as the study of the differential
cocycle from $GL_n$ into its Lie algebra given by the logarithmic derivative.
However we prove here that there are no such cocycles in the context of
arithmetic differential equations. In sequels of this paper we will remedy the
situation by introducing arithmetic analogues of Lie algebras and a skew
version of differential cocycles; this will lead to a theory of linear
arithmetic differential equations.


title:
Accuracy of simple, initials-based methods for author name
  disambiguation

abstract:
  There are a number of solutions that perform unsupervised name disambiguation
based on the similarity of bibliographic records or common co-authorship
patterns. Whether the use of these advanced methods, which are often difficult
to implement, is warranted depends on whether the accuracy of the most basic
disambiguation methods, which only use the author's last name and initials, is
sufficient for a particular purpose. We derive realistic estimates for the
accuracy of simple, initials-based methods using simulated bibliographic
datasets in which the true identities of authors are known. Based on the
simulations in five diverse disciplines we find that the first initial method
already correctly identifies 97% of authors. An alternative simple method,
which takes all initials into account, is typically two times less accurate,
except in certain datasets that can be identified by applying a simple
criterion. Finally, we introduce a new name-based method that combines the
features of first initial and all initials methods by implicitly taking into
account the last name frequency and the size of the dataset. This hybrid method
reduces the fraction of incorrectly identified authors by 10-30% over the first
initial method.


title:
Topological phase transitions driven by non-Abelian gauge potentials in
  optical square lattices

abstract:
  We analyze a tight-binding model of ultracold fermions loaded in an optical
square lattice and subjected to a synthetic non-Abelian gauge potential
featuring both a magnetic field and a translationally invariant SU(2) term. We
consider in particular the effect of broken time-reversal symmetry and its role
in driving non-trivial topological phase transitions. By varying the spin-orbit
coupling parameters, we find both a semimetal/insulator phase transition and a
topological phase transition between insulating phases with different numbers
of edge states. The spin is not a conserved quantity of the system and the
topological phase transitions can be detected by analyzing its polarization in
time of flight images, providing a clear diagnostic for the characterization of
the topological phases through the partial entanglement between spin and
lattice degrees of freedom.


title: Sums of squares and varieties of minimal degree

abstract:
  Let X be a real nondegenerate projective subvariety such that its set of real
points is Zariski dense. We prove that every real quadratic form that is
nonnegative on X is a sum of squares of linear forms if and only if X is a
variety of minimal degree. This substantially extends Hilbert's celebrated
characterization of equality between nonnegative forms and sums of squares. We
obtain a complete list for the cases of equality and also a classification of
the lattice polytopes Q for which every nonnegative Laurent polynomial with
support contained in 2Q is a sum of squares.


title:
Energy and Transverse Momentum Fluctuations in the Equilibrium Quantum
  Systems

abstract:
  The fluctuations in the ideal quantum gases are studied using the strongly
intensive measures $\Delta[A,B]$ and $\Sigma[A,B]$ defined in terms of two
extensive quantities $A$ and $B$. In the present paper, these extensive
quantities are taken as the motional variable, $A=X$, the system energy $E$ or
transverse momentum $P_T$, and number of particles, $B=N$. This choice is most
often considered in studying the event-by-event fluctuations and correlations
in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The recently proposed special
normalization ensures that $\Delta$ and $\Sigma$ are dimensionless and equal to
unity for fluctuations given by the independent particle model. In statistical
mechanics, the grand canonical ensemble formulation within the Boltzmann
approximation gives an example of independent particle model. Our results
demonstrate the effects due to the Bose and Fermi statistics. Estimates of the
effects of quantum statistics in the hadron gas at temperatures and chemical
potentials typical for thermal models of hadron production in high energy
collisions are presented. In the case of massless particles and zero chemical
potential the $\Delta$ and $\Sigma$ measures are calculated analytically.


title: Decimated generalized Prony systems

abstract:
  We continue studying robustness of solving algebraic systems of Prony type
(also known as the exponential fitting systems), which appear prominently in
many areas of mathematics, in particular modern "sub-Nyquist" sampling
theories. We show that by considering these systems at arithmetic progressions
(or "decimating" them), one can achieve better performance in the presence of
noise. We also show that the corresponding lower bounds are closely related to
well-known estimates, obtained for similar problems but in different contexts.


title: On the Pair Correlation Density for Hyperbolic Angles

abstract:
  Let $\Gamma< \mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ be a lattice and $\omega\in
\mathbb{H}$ a point in the upper half plane. We prove the existence and give an
explicit formula for the pair correlation density function for the set of
angles between geodesic rays of the lattice $\Gamma \omega$ intersected with
increasingly large balls centered at $\omega$, thus proving a conjecture of
Boca-Popa-Zaharescu.


title:
Leading-order temporal asymptotics of the Fokas-Lenells Equation without
  solitons

abstract:
  We use the Deift-Zhou method to obtain, in the solitonless sector, the
leading order asymptotic of the solution to the Cauchy problem of the
Fokas-Lenells equation as $t\ra+\infty$ on the full-line.


title: Hermitian and non-Hermitian thermal Hamiltonians

abstract:
  Thermal density matrices can be described by a pure quantum state within the
thermofield formalism. Here we show how to construct a class of Hamiltonians
realizing a thermofield state as their ground state. These Hamiltonians are
frustration-free, and can be Hermitian or non-Hermitian, allowing one to use
ground-state methods to understand the thermodynamic properties of the system.
In particular this approach gives an explicit mapping of thermal phase
transitions into quantum phase transitions. In the non-Hermitian case, the
quantum phase transition is not accompanied by a change in the spectrum of the
Hamiltonian, which remains gapped. We illustrate these ideas for the classical
2D Ising model.


title: ROBOSPECT: Automated Equivalent Width Measurement

abstract:
  We present ROBOSPECT, a new code to automatically measure and deblend line
equivalent widths for both absorption and emission spectra. We test the
accuracy of these measurements against simulated spectra as well as manual
equivalent width measurements of five stellar spectra over a range of
signal-to-noise values and a set of long slit emission spectra. We find that
ROBOSPECT accurately matches both the synthetic and manual measurements, with
scatter consistent with the expectations based on the data quality and the
results of Cayrel (1988).


title: On small dual rings

abstract:
  A ring $R$ is called right (small) dual if every (small) right ideal of $R$
is a right annihilator. Left (small) dual rings can be defined similarly. And a
ring $R$ is called (small) dual if $R$ is left and right (small) dual. It is
proved that $R$ is a dual ring if and only if $R$ is a semilocal and small dual
ring. Several known results are generalized and properties of small dual rings
are explored. As applications, some characterizations of QF rings are obtained
through small dualities of rings.


title: Interpolation via weighted $l_1$ minimization

abstract:
  Functions of interest are often smooth and sparse in some sense, and both
priors should be taken into account when interpolating sampled data. Classical
linear interpolation methods are effective under strong regularity assumptions,
but cannot incorporate nonlinear sparsity structure. At the same time,
nonlinear methods such as $l_1$ minimization can reconstruct sparse functions
from very few samples, but do not necessarily encourage smoothness. Here we
show that weighted $l_1$ minimization effectively merges the two approaches,
promoting both sparsity and smoothness in reconstruction. More precisely, we
provide specific choices of weights in the $l_1$ objective to achieve rates for
functions with coefficient sequences in weighted $l_p$ spaces, $p<=1$. We
consider the implications of these results for spherical harmonic and
polynomial interpolation, in the univariate and multivariate setting. Along the
way, we extend concepts from compressive sensing such as the restricted
isometry property and null space property to accommodate weighted sparse
expansions; these developments should be of independent interest in the study
of structured sparse approximations and continuous-time compressive sensing
problems.


title: Hot spot runaway in thin film photovoltaics and related structures

abstract:
  We show that thin film diode structures, such as photovoltaics and light
emitting arrays, can undergo zero threshold localized thermal runaway leading
to thermal and electrical nonuniformities spontaneously emerging in originally
uniform systems. The linear stability analysis is developed for a system of
thermally and electrically coupled two discrete diodes, and for a distributed
system. These results are verified with numerical modeling that is not limited
to small fluctuations. The discovered instability negatively affects the device
performance and reliability. It follows that these problems can be mitigated by
properly designing the device geometry and thermal insulation.


title:
On estimating total time to solve SAT in distributed computing
  environments: Application to the SAT@home project

abstract:
  This paper proposes a method to estimate the total time required to solve SAT
in distributed environments via partitioning approach. It is based on the
observation that for some simple forms of problem partitioning one can use the
Monte Carlo approach to estimate the time required to solve an original
problem. The method proposed is based on an algorithm for searching for
partitioning with an optimal solving time estimation. We applied this method to
estimate the time required to perform logical cryptanalysis of the widely known
stream ciphers A5/1 and Bivium. The paper also describes a volunteer computing
project SAT@home aimed at solving hard combinatorial problems reduced to SAT.
In this project during several months there were solved 10 problems of logical
cryptanalysis of the A5/1 cipher thatcould not be solved using known rainbow
tables.


title: SketchPadN-D: WYDIWYG Sculpting and Editing in High-Dimensional Space

abstract:
  High-dimensional data visualization has been attracting much attention. To
fully test related software and algorithms, researchers require a diverse pool
of data with known and desired features. Test data do not always provide this,
or only partially. Here we propose the paradigm WYDIWYGS (What You Draw Is What
You Get). Its embodiment, Sketch Pad ND, is a tool that allows users to
generate high-dimensional data in the same interface they also use for
visualization. This provides for an immersive and direct data generation
activity, and furthermore it also enables users to interactively edit and clean
existing high-dimensional data from possible artifacts. Sketch Pad ND offers
two visualization paradigms, one based on parallel coordinates and the other
based on a relatively new framework using an N-D polygon to navigate in
high-dimensional space. The first interface allows users to draw arbitrary
profiles of probability density functions along each dimension axis and sketch
shapes for data density and connections between adjacent dimensions. The second
interface embraces the idea of sculpting. Users can carve data at arbitrary
orientations and refine them wherever necessary. This guarantees the data
generated is truly high-dimensional. We demonstrate our tool's usefulness in
real data visualization scenarios.


title: Jitter analysis of a superconducting nanowire single photon detector

abstract:
  Jitter is one of the key parameters for a superconducting nanowire single
photon detector (SNSPD). Using an optimized time-correlated single photon
counting system for jitter measurement, we extensively studied the dependence
of system jitter on the bias current and working temperature. The
signal-to-noise ratio of the single-photon-response pulse was proven to be an
important factor in system jitter. The final system jitter was reduced to 18 ps
by using a high-critical-current SNSPD, which showed an intrinsic SNSPD jitter
of 15 ps. A laser ranging experiment using a 15-ps SNSPD achieved a record
depth resolution of 3 mm at a wavelength of 1550 nm.


title: Hypothesis testing for high-dimensional sparse binary regression

abstract:
  In this paper, we study the detection boundary for minimax hypothesis testing
in the context of high-dimensional, sparse binary regression models. Motivated
by genetic sequencing association studies for rare variant effects, we
investigate the complexity of the hypothesis testing problem when the design
matrix is sparse. We observe a new phenomenon in the behavior of detection
boundary which does not occur in the case of Gaussian linear regression. We
derive the detection boundary as a function of two components: a design matrix
sparsity index and signal strength, each of which is a function of the sparsity
of the alternative. For any alternative, if the design matrix sparsity index is
too high, any test is asymptotically powerless irrespective of the magnitude of
signal strength. For binary design matrices with the sparsity index that is not
too high, our results are parallel to those in the Gaussian case. In this
context, we derive detection boundaries for both dense and sparse regimes. For
the dense regime, we show that the generalized likelihood ratio is rate
optimal; for the sparse regime, we propose an extended Higher Criticism Test
and show it is rate optimal and sharp. We illustrate the finite sample
properties of the theoretical results using simulation studies.


title:
Controlling collective dynamics in complex, minority-game
  resource-allocation systems

abstract:
  Resource allocation takes place in various kinds of real-world complex
systems, such as the traffic systems, social services institutions or
organizations, or even the ecosystems. The fundamental principle underlying
complex resource-allocation dynamics is Boolean interactions associated with
minority games, as resources are generally limited and agents tend to choose
the least used resource based on available information. A common but harmful
dynamical behavior in resource-allocation systems is herding, where there are
time intervals during which a large majority of the agents compete for a few
resources, leaving many other resources unused. Ac- companying the herd
behavior is thus strong fluctuations with time in the number of resources being
used. In this paper, we articulate and establish that an intuitive control
strategy, namely pinning control, is effective at harnessing the herding
dynamics. In particular, by fixing the choices of resources for a few agents
while leaving majority of the agents free, herding can be eliminated
completely. Our investigation is systematic in that we consider random and
targeted pinning and a variety of network topologies, and we carry out a
comprehensive analysis in the framework of mean-field theory to understand the
working of control. The basic philosophy is then that, when a few agents waive
their freedom to choose resources by receiving sufficient incentives, majority
of the agents benefit in that they will make fair, efficient, and effective use
of the available resources. Our work represents a basic and general framework
to address the fundamental issue of fluctuations in complex dynamical systems
with significant applications to social, economical and political systems.


title: Depth of Field of Finite Energy Airy Shaped Waves

abstract:
  In the present paper the analytical aspects related to the maximum invariance
depth of propagation finite energy Airy-type beams are investigated,
considering not only the usual exponentially dumped Airy beams but also the
truncated ones. It is obtained an analytic expression which seems capable of
finding accurately the maximum invariance distance of these waves. The results
seem to be in line with those obtained from numerical simulations.


title:
Band alignment of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides:
  application in tunnel field effect transistors

abstract:
  Tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) based on vertical stacking of two
dimensional materials are of interest for low-power logic devices. The
monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with sizable band gaps show
promise in building p-n junctions (couples) for TFET applications. Band
alignment information is essential for realizing broken gap junctions with
excellent electron tunneling efficiencies. Promising couples composed of
monolayer TMDs are suggested to be VIB-MeX2 (Me= W, Mo; X= Te, Se) as the
n-type source and IVB-MeX2 (Me = Zr, Hf; X= S, Se) as the p-type drain by
density functional theory calculations.


title:
MonoStream: A Minimal-Hardware High Accuracy Device-free WLAN
  Localization System

abstract:
  Device-free (DF) localization is an emerging technology that allows the
detection and tracking of entities that do not carry any devices nor
participate actively in the localization process. Typically, DF systems require
a large number of transmitters and receivers to achieve acceptable accuracy,
which is not available in many scenarios such as homes and small businesses. In
this paper, we introduce MonoStream as an accurate single-stream DF
localization system that leverages the rich Channel State Information (CSI) as
well as MIMO information from the physical layer to provide accurate DF
localization with only one stream. To boost its accuracy and attain low
computational requirements, MonoStream models the DF localization problem as an
object recognition problem and uses a novel set of CSI-context features and
techniques with proven accuracy and efficiency. Experimental evaluation in two
typical testbeds, with a side-by-side comparison with the state-of-the-art,
shows that MonoStream can achieve an accuracy of 0.95m with at least 26%
enhancement in median distance error using a single stream only. This
enhancement in accuracy comes with an efficient execution of less than 23ms per
location update on a typical laptop. This highlights the potential of
MonoStream usage for real-time DF tracking applications.


title:
XPath Satisfiability with Parent Axes or Qualifiers Is Tractable under
  Many of Real-World DTDs

abstract:
  This paper aims at finding a subclass of DTDs that covers many of the
real-world DTDs while offering a polynomial-time complexity for deciding the
XPath satisfiability problem. In our previous work, we proposed RW-DTDs, which
cover most of the real-world DTDs (26 out of 27 real-world DTDs and 1406 out of
1407 DTD rules). However, under RW-DTDs, XPath satisfiability with only child,
descendant-or-self, and sibling axes is tractable. In this paper, we propose
MRW-DTDs, which are slightly smaller than RW-DTDs but have tractability on
XPath satisfiability with parent axes or qualifiers. MRW-DTDs are a proper
superclass of duplicate-free DTDs proposed by Montazerian et al., and cover 24
out of the 27 real-world DTDs and 1403 out of the 1407 DTD rules. Under
MRW-DTDs, we show that XPath satisfiability problems with (1) child, parent,
and sibling axes, and (2) child and sibling axes and qualifiers are both
tractable, which are known to be intractable under RW-DTDs.


title:
Effect of Energetic Disorder on the Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Bulk
  Heterojunction Composites

abstract:
  Under open-circuit condition, the current is not extracted and the
photogenerated carriers in principle disappear only by recombination. We study
the open-circuit voltage $V_{\rm OC}$ and transient photovoltage under the
effect of bulk recombination in a medium with energetic disorder by using the
multiple trapping (MT) model. The key parameter in the MT model is the
dispersion parameter $\alpha$ given by the ratio of thermal energy to the
characteristic energy of trap states. We show that $V_{\rm OC}$ depends
linearly on the logarithm of the light intensity and the slope depends on the
$\alpha$ of the MT model. Under the continuous irradiation of light, the
photovoltage response to the weak perturbation by a pulsed light obeys
pseudo-first-order decay. The rate as a function of $V_{\rm OC}$ is independent
of the dispersion parameter. However, it obeys the power law as a function of
light intensity, and the exponent is given by $1/(1+\alpha)$, which reduces to
1/2 in the absence of energetic disorder.