title:
High statistics determination of the strong coupling constant in Taylor
  scheme and its OPE Wilson coefficient from lattice QCD with a dynamical charm

abstract:
  This paper reports on the determination of $\alpha_S$ from lattice
simulations with 2+1+1 twisted-mass dynamical flavours {\it via} the
computation of the ghost-gluon coupling renormalized in the MOM Taylor scheme.
A high-statistics sample of gauge configurations, used to evaluate the coupling
from ghost and gluon propagators, allows for the appropriate update of previous
results, now performing an improved analysis of data with reduced statistical
errors and the systematical uncertainties under a better control.


title:
Spectral inequalities for Jacobi operators and related sharp
  Lieb-Thirring inequalities on the continuum

abstract:
  In this paper we approximate a Schr\"odinger operator on $L^2(\R)$ by Jacobi
operators on $\ell^2(\Z)$ to provide new proofs of sharp Lieb-Thirring
inequalities for the powers $\gamma=1/2$ and $\gamma=3/2$. To this end we first
investigate spectral inequalities for Jacobi operators. Using the commutation
method we present a new, direct proof of a sharp inequality corresponding to a
Lieb-Thirring inequality for the power 3/2 on $\ell^2(\Z)$. We also introduce
inequalities for higher powers of the eigenvalues as well as for matrix-valued
potentials and compare our results to previously established bounds.


title:
Weaving, Bending, Patching, Mending the Fabric of Reality: A Cognitive
  Science Perspective on Worldview Inconsistency

abstract:
  In order to become aware of inconsistencies, one must first construe of the
world in a way that reflects its consistencies. This paper begins with a
tentative model for how a set of discrete memories transforms into an
interconnected worldview wherein relationships between memories are forged by
way of abstractions. Inconsistencies prompt the invention of new abstractions.
In regions of the conceptual network where inconsistencies abound, a cognitive
analog of simulated annealing is in order; there is a willingness to question
previous assumptions--to 'loosen' conceptual relationships--so as to let new
concepts thoroughly percolate through the worldview and exert the needed
revolutionary effect. In so doing there is a risk of assimilating dangerous
concepts. Repression arrests the process by which dangerous thoughts infiltrate
the conceptual network, and deception blocks thoughts that have already been
assimilated. These forms of self-initiated worldview inconsistency may evoke
feelings of fragmentation at the level of the individual or the society.


title: (1,1)-forms acting on Spinors on K\"ahler Surfaces

abstract:
  It is known that, for Dirac operators on Riemann surfaces twisted by line
bundles with Hermitian-Einstein connections, it is possible to obtain estimates
for the first eigenvalue in terms of the topology of the twisting bundle
\cite{JL2}. Attempts to generalize topological estimates for higher rank
bundles or higher dimensional manifolds have been so far unsuccessful. In this
work we construct a class of examples which indicates one problem that arises
on such attempts to derive topological estimates.


title: Thermals in stratified regions of the ISM

abstract:
  We present a model of a "thermal" (i.e., a hot bubble) rising within an
exponentially stratified region of the ISM. This model includes terms
representing the ram pressure braking and the entrainment of environmental gas
into the thermal. We then calibrate the free parameters associated with these
two terms through a comparison with 3D numerical simulations of a rising
bubble. Finally, we apply our "thermal" model to the case of a hot bubble
produced by a SN within the stratified ISM of the Galactic disk.


title: Painlev\'e I double scaling limit in the cubic random matrix model

abstract:
  We obtain the double scaling asymptotic behavior of the recurrence
coefficients and the partition function at the critical point of the $N\times
N$ Hermitian random matrix model with cubic potential. We prove that the
recurrence coefficients admit an asymptotic expansion in powers of $N^{-2/5}$,
and in the leading order the asymptotic behavior of the recurrence coefficients
is given by a Boutroux tronqu\'ee solution to the Painlev\'e I equation. We
also obtain the double scaling limit of the partition function, and we prove
that the poles of the tronqu\'ee solution are limits of zeros of the partition
function. The tools used include the Riemann--Hilbert approach and the
Deift--Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method for the corresponding family of
complex orthogonal polynomials and their recurrence coefficients, together with
the Toda equation in the parameter space.


title:
Single-Valued Hamiltonian via Legendre-Fenchel Transformation and Time
  Translation Symmetry

abstract:
  Under conventional Legendre transformation, systems with a non-convex
Lagrangian will result in a multi-valued Hamiltonian as a function of conjugate
momentum. This causes problems such as non-unitary time evolution of quantum
state and non-determined motion of classical particles, and is physically
unacceptable. In this work, we propose a new construction of single-valued
Hamiltonian by applying Legendre-Fenchel transformation, which is a
mathematically rigorous generalization of conventional Legendre transformation,
valid for non-convex Lagrangian systems, but not yet widely known to the
physics community. With the new single-valued Hamiltonian, we study spontaneous
breaking of time translation symmetry and derive its vacuum state. Applications
to theories of cosmology and gravitation are discussed.


title: Small Superpatterns for Dominance Drawing

abstract:
  We exploit the connection between dominance drawings of directed acyclic
graphs and permutations, in both directions, to provide improved bounds on the
size of universal point sets for certain types of dominance drawing and on
superpatterns for certain natural classes of permutations. In particular we
show that there exist universal point sets for dominance drawings of the Hasse
diagrams of width-two partial orders of size O(n^{3/2}), universal point sets
for dominance drawings of st-outerplanar graphs of size O(n\log n), and
universal point sets for dominance drawings of directed trees of size O(n^2).
We show that 321-avoiding permutations have superpatterns of size O(n^{3/2}),
riffle permutations (321-, 2143-, and 2413-avoiding permutations) have
superpatterns of size O(n), and the concatenations of sequences of riffles and
their inverses have superpatterns of size O(n\log n). Our analysis includes a
calculation of the leading constants in these bounds.


title: Solyanik estimates in harmonic analysis

abstract:
  Let $\mathcal{B}$ denote a collection of open bounded sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$,
and define the associated maximal operator $M_{\mathcal{B}}$ by $$
M_{\mathcal{B}}f(x) := \sup_{x \in R \in \mathcal{B}} \frac{1}{|R|}\int_R |f|.
$$ The sharp Tauberian constant of $M_{\mathcal{B}}$ associated to $\alpha$,
denoted by $C_{\mathcal{B}}(\alpha)$, is defined as $$ C_{\mathcal{B}}(\alpha)
:= \sup_{E :\, 0 < |E| < \infty}\frac{1}{|E|}\big|\big\{x \in \mathbb{R}^n:\,
M_{\mathcal{B}}\chi_E (x) > \alpha\big\}\big|.$$ Motivated by previous work of
A. A. Solyanik, we show that if $M_{\mathcal{B}}$ is the uncentered
Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator associated to balls, the estimate $$
\lim_{\alpha \rightarrow 1^-}C_{\mathcal{B}}(\alpha) = 1 $$ holds. Similar
results for iterated maximal functions are obtained, and open problems in the
field of Solyanik estimates are also discussed.


title: An Improvement To Zaremba's Conjecture

abstract:
  We prove there exists a density one subset $\dd \subset \N$ such that each $n
\in \dd$ is the denominator of a finite continued fraction with partial
quotients bounded by 5.


title:
Quantum Zeno effect as a topological phase transition in full counting
  statistics and spin noise spectroscopy

abstract:
  When the interaction of a quantum system with a detector is changing from
weak to strong coupling limits, the system experiences a transition from the
regime with quantum mechanical coherent oscillations to the regime with a
frozen dynamics. In addition to this quantum Zeno transition, we show that the
full counting statistics of detector signal events experiences a topological
phase transition at the boundary between two phases at intermediate coupling of
a quantum system to the detector. We demonstrate that this transition belongs
to the class of topological phase transitions that can be classified by
elements of the braid group. We predict that this transition can be explored
experimentally by means of the optical spin noise spectroscopy.


title: Synchronous Droplet Microfluidics: One "Clock" to rule them all

abstract:
  Controlling fluid droplets efficiently in the microscale is of great interest
both from a basic science and a technology perspective. We have designed and
developed a general-purpose, highly scalable microfluidic control strategy
through a single global clock signal that enables synchronous control of
arbitrary number of droplets in a planar geometry. A rotating precessive
magnetic field provides a global clock signal, enabling simultaneous control of
droplet position, velocity and trajectories. Here, in this fluid dynamics
video, we explain the main physics of this new microfluidic concept. Video data
from droplets moving in sync in different fluidic circuits are included. The
experimental setup is described and video data is analyzed to provide a
detailed view of the time-dynamics of propagating droplets. Finally, we explore
the operational limits of this concept, scaling and phase diagram with physical
regime diagram.


title:
Non resonant transmission modelling with Statistical modal Energy
  distribution Analysis

abstract:
  Statistical modal Energy distribution Analysis (SmEdA) can be used as an
alternative to Statistical Energy Analysis for describing subsystems with low
modal overlap. In its original form, SmEdA predicts the power flow exchanged
between the resonant modes of different subsystems. In the case of sound
transmission through a thin structure, it is well-known that the non resonant
response of the structure plays a significant role in transmission below the
critical frequency. In this paper, we present an extension of SmEdA that takes
into account the contributions of the non resonant modes of a thin structure.
The dual modal formulation (DMF) is used to describe the behaviour of two
acoustic cavities separated by a thin structure, with prior knowledge of the
modal basis of each subsystem. Condensation in the DMF equations is achieved on
the amplitudes of the non resonant modes and a new coupling scheme between the
resonant modes of the three subsystems is obtained after several
simplifications. We show that the contribution of the non resonant panel mode
results in coupling the cavity modes of stiffness type, characterised by the
mode shapes of both the cavities and the structure. Comparisons with reference
results demonstrate that the present approach can take into account the non
resonant contributions of the structure in the evaluation of the transmission
loss.


title: Exponential Estimate for the asymptotics of Bergman kernels

abstract:
  We prove an exponential estimate for the asymptotics of Bergman kernels of a
positive line bundle under hypotheses of bounded geometry. We give further
Bergman kernel proofs of complex geometry results, such as separation of
points, existence of local coordinates and holomorphic convexity by sections of
positive line bundles.


title: On Zilber's field

abstract:
  In this paper we use tools from set theory and the uncountable categoricity
of Zilber's pseudo-exponential field to show that Zilber's field is isomorphic
to the complex field with (standard) exponentiation and hence Schanuel's
conjecture holds for that field.


title: From quantum mechanics to the physical metallurgy of steels

abstract:
  In the last decade there has been a breakthrough in the construction of
theories leading to models for the simulation of atomic scale processes in
steel. In this paper the theory is described and developed and used to
demonstrate calculations of the diffusivity and trapping of hydrogen in iron
and the structures of carbon vacancy complexes in steel.


title:
Invariant measure of scalar first-order conservation laws with
  stochastic forcing

abstract:
  Under an hypothesis of non-degeneracy of the flux, we study the long-time
behaviour of periodic scalar first-order conservation laws with stochastic
forcing in any space dimension. For sub-cubic fluxes, we show the existence of
an invariant measure. Moreover for sub-quadratic fluxes we show uniqueness and
ergodicity of the invariant measure. Also, since this invariant measure is
supported by Lp for some p small, we are led to generalize to the stochastic
case the theory of L1 solutions developed by Chen and Perthame in 2003.


title:
Controlling discrete and continuous symmetries in 'superradiant' phase
  transitions

abstract:
  We explore theoretically the physics of a collection of two-level systems
coupled to a single-mode bosonic field in the non-standard configuration where
each (artificial) atom is coupled to both field quadratures of the boson mode.
We determine the rich phase diagram showing 'superradiant' phases with
different symmetries. We demonstrate that it is possible to pass from a
discrete, parity-like $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry to a continuous U(1) symmetry
even in the ultrastrong coupling regime where the rotating wave approximation
for the interaction between field and two-level systems is no longer
applicable. By applying this general paradigm, we propose a scheme for the
experimental implementation of such continuous U(1) symmetry in circuit QED
systems, with the appearance of photonic Goldstone and amplitude modes above a
critical point.


title:
An Agent-based Model of the Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying the Origins
  of Creative Cultural Evolution

abstract:
  Human culture is uniquely cumulative and open-ended. Using a computational
model of cultural evolution in which neural network based agents evolve ideas
for actions through invention and imitation, we tested the hypothesis that this
is due to the capacity for recursive recall. We compared runs in which agents
were limited to single-step actions to runs in which they used recursive recall
to chain simple actions into complex ones. Chaining resulted in higher cultural
diversity, open-ended generation of novelty, and no ceiling on the mean fitness
of actions. Both chaining and no-chaining runs exhibited convergence on optimal
actions, but without chaining this set was static while with chaining it was
ever-changing. Chaining increased the ability to capitalize on the capacity for
learning. These findings show that the recursive recall hypothesis provides a
computationally plausible explanation of why humans alone have evolved the
cultural means to transform this planet.


title:
Fiber-pigtailed optical tweezer for single-atom trapping and
  single-photon generation

abstract:
  We demonstrate a miniature, fiber-coupled optical tweezer to trap a single
atom. The same fiber is used to trap a single atom and to read out its
fluorescence. To obtain a low background level, the tweezer light is chopped,
and we measure the influence of the chopping frequency on the atom's lifetime.
We use the single atom as a single-photon source at 780 nm and measure the
second-order correlation function of the emitted photons. Because of its
miniature, robust, fiber-pigtailed design, this tweezer can be implemented in a
broad range of experiments where single atoms are used as a resource.


title:
A new proof for Koch and Tataru's result on the well-posedness of
  Navier-Stokes equations in $BMO^{-1}$

abstract:
  We give a new proof of a well-known result of Koch and Tataru on the
well-posedness of Navier-Stokes equations in $\R^n$ with small initial data in
$BMO^{-1}(\R^n)$. The proof is formulated operator theoretically and does not
make use of self-adjointness of the Laplacian.


title: The Filtration Induced by a Locally Nilpotent Derivation

abstract:
  We investigate the filtration corresponding to the degree function induced by
a non-zero locally nilpotent derivations and its associated graded algebra. As
an application we provide an efficient method to recover the Makar-Limanov
invariants, isomorphism classes and automorphism groups of classically known
algebras. We also present a new class of examples which can be fully described
with this method.


title:
Characterization of the convergence in total variation and extension of
  the Fourth Moment Theorem to invariant measures of diffusions

abstract:
  We give necessary and sufficient conditions to characterize the convergence
in distribution of a sequence of arbitrary random variables to a probability
distribution which is the invariant measure of a diffusion process. This class
of target distributions includes the most known continuous probability
distributions. Precisely speaking, we characterize the convergence in total
variation to target distributions which are not Gaussian or Gamma distributed,
in terms of the Malliavin calculus and of the coefficients of the associated
diffusion process. We also prove that, among the distributions whose associated
squared diffusion coefficient is a polynomial of second degree (with some
restrictions on its coefficients), the only possible limits of sequences of
multiple integrals are the Gaussian and the Gamma laws.


title: On Ramsey numbers of complete graphs with dropped stars

abstract:
  Let $r(G,H)$ be the smallest integer $N$ such that for any $2$-coloring (say,
red and blue) of the edges of $K\_n$, $n\geqslant N$, there is either a red
copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. Let $K\_n-K\_{1,s}$ be the complete graph on
$n$ vertices from which the edges of $K\_{1,s}$ are dropped. In this note we
present exact values for $r(K\_m-K\_{1,1},K\_n-K\_{1,s})$ and new upper bounds
for $r(K\_m,K\_n-K\_{1,s})$ in numerous cases. We also present some results for
the Ramsey number of Wheels versus $K\_n-K\_{1,s}$.


title:
Accelerated Gradient Methods for Nonconvex Nonlinear and Stochastic
  Programming

abstract:
  In this paper, we generalize the well-known Nesterov's accelerated gradient
(AG) method, originally designed for convex smooth optimization, to solve
nonconvex and possibly stochastic optimization problems. We demonstrate that by
properly specifying the stepsize policy, the AG method exhibits the best known
rate of convergence for solving general nonconvex smooth optimization problems
by using first-order information, similarly to the gradient descent method. We
then consider an important class of composite optimization problems and show
that the AG method can solve them uniformly, i.e., by using the same aggressive
stepsize policy as in the convex case, even if the problem turns out to be
nonconvex. We demonstrate that the AG method exhibits an optimal rate of
convergence if the composite problem is convex, and improves the best known
rate of convergence if the problem is nonconvex. Based on the AG method, we
also present new nonconvex stochastic approximation methods and show that they
can improve a few existing rates of convergence for nonconvex stochastic
optimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the
convergence of the AG method has been established for solving nonconvex
nonlinear programming in the literature.


title:
Normal-to-anomalous diffusion transition in disordered correlated
  potentials: from the central limit theorem to stable laws

abstract:
  We study the diffusion of an ensemble of overdamped particles sliding over a
tilted random poten- tial (produced by the interaction of a particle with a
random polymer) with long-range correlations. We found that the diffusion
properties of such a system are closely related to the correlation function of
the corresponding potential. We model the substrate as a symbolic trajectory of
a shift space which enables us to obtain a general formula for the diffusion
coefficient when normal diffusion occurs. The total time that the particle
takes to travel through n monomers can be seen as an ergodic sum to which we
can apply the central limit theorem. The latter can be implemented if the
correlations decay fast enough in order for the central limit theorem to be
valid. On the other hand, we presume that when the central limit theorem breaks
down the system give rise to anomalous diffusion. We give two examples
exhibiting a transition from normal to anomalous diffusion due to this
mechanism. We also give analytical expressions for the diffusion exponents in
both cases by assuming convergence to a stable law. Finally we test our
predictions by means of numerical simulations.


title:
Synchronizing the dynamics of a single NV spin qubit on a parametrically
  coupled radio-frequency field through microwave dressing

abstract:
  A hybrid spin-oscillator system in parametric interaction is experimentally
emulated using a single NV spin qubit immersed in a radio frequency (RF) field
and probed with a quasi resonant microwave (MW) field. We report on the MW
mediated locking of the NV spin dynamics onto the RF field, appearing when the
MW driven Rabi precession frequency approaches the RF frequency and for
sufficiently large RF amplitudes. These signatures are analog to a phononic
Mollow triplet in the MW rotating frame for the parametric interaction and
promise to have impact in spin-dependent force detection strategies.


title:
A Simple Procedure to Extend the Gauss Method of Determining Orbital
  Parameters from Three to N Points

abstract:
  A simple procedure is developed to determine orbital elements of an object
orbiting in a central force field which contribute more than three independent
celestial positions. By manipulation of formal three point Gauss method of
orbit determination, an initial set of heliocentric state vectors ${\bf r}_i$
and $\dot{\bf{r}}_i$ is calculated. Then using the fact that the object follows
the path that keep the constants of motion unchanged, I derive conserved
quantities by applying simple linear regression method on state vectors ${\bf
r}_i$ and $\dot{\bf{r}}_i$. The best orbital plane is fixed by applying an
iterative procedure which minimize the variation in magnitude of angular
momentum of the orbit. Same procedure is used to fix shape and orientation of
the orbit in the plane by minimizing variation in total energy and Laplace
Runge Lenz vector. The method is tested using simulated data for a hypothetical
planet rotating around the sun.


title:
The Jeffreys-Lindley Paradox and Discovery Criteria in High Energy
  Physics

abstract:
  The Jeffreys-Lindley paradox displays how the use of a p-value (or number of
standard deviations z) in a frequentist hypothesis test can lead to an
inference that is radically different from that of a Bayesian hypothesis test
in the form advocated by Harold Jeffreys in the 1930s and common today. The
setting is the test of a well-specified null hypothesis (such as the Standard
Model of elementary particle physics, possibly with "nuisance parameters")
versus a composite alternative (such as the Standard Model plus a new force of
nature of unknown strength). The p-value, as well as the ratio of the
likelihood under the null hypothesis to the maximized likelihood under the
alternative, can strongly disfavor the null hypothesis, while the Bayesian
posterior probability for the null hypothesis can be arbitrarily large. The
academic statistics literature contains many impassioned comments on this
paradox, yet there is no consensus either on its relevance to scientific
communication or on its correct resolution. The paradox is quite relevant to
frontier research in high energy physics. This paper is an attempt to explain
the situation to both physicists and statisticians, in the hope that further
progress can be made.


title: Chromatic Bounds On Orbital Chromatic Roots

abstract:
  Given a group $G$ of automorphisms of a graph $\Gamma$, the orbital chromatic
polynomial $OP_{\Gamma,G}(x)$ is the polynomial whose value at a positive
integer $k$ is the number of orbits of $G$ on proper $k$-colorings of $\Gamma.$
In \cite{Cameron}, Cameron et. al. explore the roots of orbital chromatic
polynomials, and in particular prove that orbital chromatic roots are dense in
$\mathbb{R}$, extending Thomassen's famous result (see \cite{Thomassen}) that
chromatic roots are dense in $[\frac{32}{27},\infty)$. Cameron et al
\cite{Cameron} further conjectured that the real roots of the orbital chromatic
polynomial of any graph are bounded above by the largest real root of its
chromatic polynomial. We resolve this conjecture in the negative, and provide a
process for generating families of counterexamples. We additionally show that
the answer is true for various classes of graphs, including many outerplanar
graphs.


title:
Superadditivity of Quantum Channel Coding Rate with Finite Blocklength
  Joint Measurements

abstract:
  The maximum rate at which classical information can be reliably transmitted
per use of a quantum channel strictly increases in general with $N$, the number
of channel outputs that are detected jointly by the quantum joint-detection
receiver (JDR). This phenomenon is known as superadditivity of the maximum
achievable information rate over a quantum channel. We study this phenomenon
for a pure-state classical-quantum (cq) channel and provide a lower bound on
$C_N/N$, the maximum information rate when the JDR is restricted to making
joint measurements over no more than $N$ quantum channel outputs, while
allowing arbitrary classical error correction. We also show the appearance of a
superadditivity phenomenon---of mathematical resemblance to the aforesaid
problem---in the channel capacity of a classical discrete memoryless channel
(DMC) when a concatenated coding scheme is employed, and the inner decoder is
forced to make hard decisions on $N$-length inner codewords. Using this
correspondence, we develop a unifying framework for the above two notions of
superadditivity, and show that for our lower bound to $C_N/N$ to be equal to a
given fraction of the asymptotic capacity $C$ of the respective channel, $N$
must be proportional to $V/C^2$, where $V$ is the respective channel dispersion
quantity.


title: Binary Constraint System Games and Locally Commutative Reductions

abstract:
  A binary constraint system game is a two-player one-round non-local game
defined by a system of Boolean constraints. The game has a perfect quantum
strategy if and only if the constraint system has a quantum satisfying
assignment [R. Cleve and R. Mittal, arXiv:1209.2729]. We show that several
concepts including the quantum chromatic number and the Kochen-Specker sets
that arose from different contexts fit naturally in the binary constraint
system framework. The structure and complexity of the quantum satisfiability
problems for these constraint systems are investigated. Combined with a new
construct called the commutativity gadget for each problem, several classic
NP-hardness reductions are lifted to their corresponding quantum versions. We
also provide a simple parity constraint game that requires $\Omega(\sqrt{n})$
EPR pairs in perfect strategies where $n$ is the number of variables in the
constraint system.


title: Sessile droplet evaporation on superheated superhydrophobic surfaces

abstract:
  This fluid dynamics video depicts the evaporation of sessile water droplets
placed on heated superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces of varying cavity fraction,
F_c, and surface temperature, T_s, above the saturation temperature, T_sat.
Images were captured at 10,000 FPS and are played back at 30 FPS in this video.
Teflon-coated silicon surfaces of F_c = 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.95 were used for
these experiments. T_s ranging from 110{\deg}C to 210{\deg}C were studied. The
video clips show how the boiling behavior of sessile droplets is altered with
changes in surface microstructure. Quantitative results from heat transfer rate
experiments conducted by the authors are briefly discussed near the end of the
video.


title: A no-go theorem for one-layer feedforward networks

abstract:
  It is often hypothesized that a crucial role for recurrent connections in the
brain is to constrain the set of possible response patterns, thereby shaping
the neural code. This implies the existence of neural codes that cannot arise
solely from feedforward processing. We set out to find such codes in the
context of one-layer feedforward networks, and identified a large class of
combinatorial codes that indeed cannot be shaped by the feedforward
architecture alone. However, these codes are difficult to distinguish from
codes that share the same sets of maximal activity patterns in the presence of
noise. When we coarsened the notion of combinatorial neural code to keep track
only of maximal patterns, we found the surprising result that all such codes
can in fact be realized by one-layer feedforward networks. This suggests that
recurrent or many-layer feedforward architectures are not necessary for shaping
the (coarse) combinatorial features of neural codes. In particular, it is not
possible to infer a computational role for recurrent connections from the
combinatorics of neural response patterns alone.
  Our proofs use mathematical tools from classical combinatorial topology, such
as the nerve lemma and the existence of an inverse nerve. An unexpected
corollary of our main result is that any prescribed (finite) homotopy type can
be realized by removing a polyhedron from the positive orthant of some
Euclidean space.


title:
High temperature expansion for dynamical correlation functions in the
  infinite-U Hubbard Model

abstract:
  We develop a diagrammatic approach for calculating the high temperature
expansion of dynamic correlation functions, such as the electron Green's
function and the time-dependent density-density and spin-spin correlation
functions, for the infinite-U Hubbard Model with any number of spin species.
The formalism relies on the use of restricted lattice sums, in which distinct
vertices of the diagram represent distinct sites on the lattice. We derive a
new formula for the restricted lattice sum of a disconnected diagram consisting
of several connected components, and use it to prove the linked cluster theorem
with respect to "generalized connected diagrams", formed by overlapping the
original connected components on the lattice. This enables us to express all
quantities as a sum over these generalized connected diagrams. We compute the
Green's function to 4th order in \beta t for the case of m spin species on a
d-dimensional hypercube by hand. We take the m\to\infty limit, enabling us to
obtain expressions for the Dyson-Mori self-energy to 4th order in \beta t for
the case of an infinite number of spin species. This may have connections to
slave boson techniques used for the study of this model. Our approach is
computationally more efficient than any used previously for the calculation of
the high temperature expansion of dynamic correlation functions, and high order
results for both the Green's function and the time-dependent density-density
and spin-spin correlation functions shall be presented in a separate paper
[25].


abstract:
  Character formulas for Lie superalgebras have been shown to have important
applications to number theory and combinatorics. We prove the Kac-Wakimoto
character formula for the general linear Lie superalgebra gl(m|n). This formula
specializes to the well-known Kac-Weyl character formula when the modules are
typical and to the Weyl denominator identity when the module is trivial. We
also prove a determinantal character formula for KW-modules using the
Kac-Wakimoto character formula.


title:
Liquid Droplet Impact Dynamics on Micro-Patterned Superhydrophobic
  Surfaces

abstract:
  The video exhibits experimental qualitative and quantitative results of
water/glycerol (50%/50% by mass) droplet impact on two types of micro-patterned
superhydrophobic surfaces. The two types of surfaces used were 80% cavity
fraction ribs and posts with a periodic spacing of 40 {\mu}m and 32 {\mu}m,
respectively. All surfaces were manufactured through photolithography. The
impact Weber number is used as the dynamic parameter to compare splash and
rebound behaviors between the two types of surfaces. While droplets exhibit
similar dynamics at low Weber numbers, rebound jet speed (normalized by droplet
impact speed) is notably higher on posts than ribs for all Weber numbers tested
here (5<We<900). At elevated Weber numbers, droplets splash peripherally. These
side droplets created at splash are referred to as satellite droplets. Top view
videos show the significant difference in splashing behavior for the two
surface types. On ribs, satellite droplet formation consistently prefers a path
60{\deg} from the ribs longitudinal direction. This behavior prevails for Weber
numbers greater than 150, however, distinguished splashing does not occur for
We > 265. On posts, satellite droplets also follow a specific path but in a
different orientation. Satellite droplets form in locations aligned with the
post lattice structure. This behavior is observed for 600 < We < 750. Jet
rebound exhibits an interesting phenomenon on ribs under certain conditions.
Due to the uneven shear distribution on the retracting droplet due to the
surface anisotropy, two jets form at rebound and are referred to as two-pronged
jets. This behavior occurs for 115 < We < 265 on ribs. Two-pronged jets are
also observed on posts but are less coherent and less repetitive. This behavior
was observed at around 500 < We < 600.


title: Neutrino Physics, Lepton Flavour Violation and the LHC

abstract:
  We briefly review flavour violation in the lepton sector: starting from
neutrino oscillations and their implications, we consider several charged
lepton flavour violating observables at high and low energies. We present new
physics models and discuss the r\^ole of the latter in disentangling them. In
particular, we show how the interplay of different observables allows to derive
important information on the underlying mechanism of lepton flavour violation.
As an example, we discuss the impact of a type-I SUSY seesaw concerning lepton
flavour violation at low energies and at colliders (LHC and a future Linear
Collider).


title:
Swirling around filaments: are large-scale structure vortices spinning
  up dark halos?

abstract:
  The kinematic analysis of dark matter and hydrodynamical simulations suggests
that the vorticity in large-scale structure is mostly confined to, and
predominantly aligned with their filaments, with an excess of probability of 20
per cent to have the angle between vorticity and filaments direction lower than
60 degrees relative to random orientations. The cross sections of these
filaments are typically partitioned into four quadrants with opposite vorticity
sign, arising from multiple flows, originating from neighbouring walls. The
spins of halos embedded within these filaments are consistently aligned with
this vorticity for any halo mass, with a stronger alignment for the most
massive structures up to an excess of probability of 165 per cent. On large
scales, adiabatic/cooling hydrodynamical simulations display the same vorticity
in the gas as in the dark matter. The global geometry of the flow within the
cosmic web is therefore qualitatively consistent with a spin acquisition for
smaller halos induced by this large-scale coherence, as argued in Codis et al.
(2012). In effect, secondary anisotropic infall (originating from the
vortex-rich filament within which these lower-mass halos form) dominates the
angular momentum budget of these halos. The transition mass from alignment to
orthogonality is related to the size of a given multi-flow region with a given
polarity. This transition may be reconciled with the standard tidal torque
theory if the latter is augmented so as to account for the larger scale
anisotropic environment of walls and filaments.


title: Equidistribution and coprimality

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to the study of equidistributional properties of
\textit{totient points} in $\mathbb{N}^r$, that is, of coprime $r$-tuples of
integers, with particular emphasis on some relevant sets of totient points
fulfilling extra divisibility or coprimality conditions, or lying on arithmetic
progressions.


title: Mass-radius constraints for compact stars and a critical endpoint

abstract:
  We present two types of models for hybrid compact stars composed of a quark
core and a hadronic mantle with an abrupt first order phase transition at the
interface which are in accordance with the latest astrophysical measurements of
two 2 M_sun pulsars. While the first is a schematic one, the second one is
based on a QCD motivated nonlocal PNJL model with density-dependent vector
coupling strength. Both models support the possibility of so called twin
compact stars which have the same mass but different radius and internal
structure at high mass (~2 M_sun), provided they exhibit a large jump \Delta
\epsilon in the energy density of the first order phase transition fulfilling
\Delta \epsilon/\epsilon_crit > 0.6. We conclude that the measurement of
high-mass twin stars would support the existence of a first order phase
transition in symmetric matter at zero temperature entailing the existence of a
critical end point in the QCD phase diagram.


title:
Multiple intrinsically identical single photon emitters in the
  solid-state

abstract:
  Emitters of indistinguishable single photons are crucial for the growing
field of quantum technologies. To realize scalability and increase the
complexity of quantum optics technologies, multiple independent yet identical
single photon emitters are also required. However typical solid-state single
photon sources are inherently dissimilar, necessitating the use of electrical
feedback or optical cavities to improve spectral overlap between distinct
emitters. Here, we demonstrate bright silicon-vacancy (SiV-) centres in
low-strain bulk diamond which intrinsically show spectral overlap of up to 91%
and near transform-limited excitation linewidths. Our results have impact upon
the application of single photon sources for quantum optics and cryptography,
and the production of next generation fluorophores for bio-imaging.


title:
Green Heron Swarm Optimization Algorithm - State-of-the-Art of a New
  Nature Inspired Discrete Meta-Heuristics

abstract:
  Many real world problems are NP-Hard problems are a very large part of them
can be represented as graph based problems. This makes graph theory a very
important and prevalent field of study. In this work a new bio-inspired
meta-heuristics called Green Heron Swarm Optimization (GHOSA) Algorithm is
being introduced which is inspired by the fishing skills of the bird. The
algorithm basically suited for graph based problems like combinatorial
optimization etc. However introduction of an adaptive mathematical variation
operator called Location Based Neighbour Influenced Variation (LBNIV) makes it
suitable for high dimensional continuous domain problems. The new algorithm is
being operated on the traditional benchmark equations and the results are
compared with Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. The algorithm
is also operated on Travelling Salesman Problem, Quadratic Assignment Problem,
Knapsack Problem dataset. The procedure to operate the algorithm on the
Resource Constraint Shortest Path and road network optimization is also
discussed. The results clearly demarcates the GHOSA algorithm as an efficient
algorithm specially considering that the number of algorithms for the discrete
optimization is very low and robust and more explorative algorithm is required
in this age of social networking and mostly graph based problem scenarios.


title:
Three-loop Higgs self-coupling beta-function in the Standard Model with
  complex Yukawa matrices

abstract:
  Three-loop renormalization group equations for the Higgs self-coupling and
Higgs mass parameter are recalculated in the case of complex Yukawa matrices,
which encompass general flavour structure of the Standard Model. In addition,
the anomalous dimensions both for the quantum Higgs field and its vacuum
expectation value are presented in the $\overline{MS}$-scheme. A numerical
study of the latter quantities is carried out for a certain set of initial
parameters.


title:
Octonionic formulation of the fully symmetric Maxwell's equations in 3+1
  dimensions

abstract:
  Using octonions, more specifically, using a 4 x 4 matrix representation of
octonions obtained with the help of algebraic properties of quaternions, we
obtain the fully symmetric Maxwell's equations (Maxwell's equations with
electric and magnetic charges and currents which is invariant under duality
transformations).


title: Pennants for Descriptors

abstract:
  We present a new technique (called pennants) for displaying the descriptors
related to a descriptor across literatures, rather in a thesaurus. It has
definite implications for online searching and browsing. Pennants, named for
the flag they resemble, are a form of algorithmic prediction. Their cognitive
base is in relevance theory (RT) from linguistic pragmatics (Sperber & Wilson
1995).


title: Efficient Modular Arithmetic for SIMD Devices

abstract:
  This paper describes several new improvements of modular arithmetic and how
to exploit them in order to gain more efficient implementations of commonly
used algorithms, especially in cryptographic applications. We further present a
new record for modular multiplications per second on a single desktop computer
as well as a new record for the ECM factoring algorithm. This new results allow
building personal computers which can handle more than 3 billion modular
multiplications per second for a 192 bit module at moderate costs using modern
graphic cards.


title: Dynamical maximum entropy approach to flocking

abstract:
  We derive a new method to infer from data the out-of-equilibrium alignment
dynamics of collectively moving animal groups, by considering the maximum
entropy distribution consistent with temporal and spatial correlations of
flight direction. When bird neighborhoods evolve rapidly, this dynamical
inference correctly learns the parameters of the model, while a static one
relying only on the spatial correlations fails. When neighbors change slowly
and detailed balance is satisfied, we recover the static procedure. We
demonstrate the validity of the method on simulated data. The approach is
applicable to other systems of active matter.


title:
Influence of shear-flow vorticity on wave-current interaction. Part 1:
  Surface gravity waves without surface tension effect

abstract:
  Propagation of surface waves on a background shear flow with constant
vorticity is studied and compared against the case when the background flow is
uniform in depth. For a shear flow with the linear vertical profile, the
dispersion relation of surface gravity waves is minutely analyzed for a fluid
of finite depth. Under the assumption that the background flow gradually varies
in the horizontal direction, the primary attention is paid to the wave blocking
phenomenon; the effect of vorticity on this phenomenon is studied in details.
The conditions of wave blocking are obtained and categorized for different
values of the governing dimensionless parameters.


title:
Permutation-twisted modules for even order cycles acting on tensor
  product vertex operator superalgebras

abstract:
  We construct and classify $(1 \; 2 \; \cdots \; k)$-twisted $V^{\otimes
k}$-modules for $k$ even and $V$ a vertex operator superalgebra. In particular,
we show that the category of weak $(1 \; 2 \; \cdots \; k)$-twisted $V^{\otimes
k}$-modules for $k$ even is isomorphic to the category of weak parity-twisted
$V$-modules. This result shows that in the case of a cyclic permutation of even
order, the construction and classification of permutation-twisted modules for
tensor product vertex operator superalgebras is fundamentally different than in
the case of a cyclic permutation of odd order, as previously constructed and
classified by the first author. In particular, in the even order case it is the
parity-twisted $V$-modules that play the significant role in place of the
untwisted $V$-modules that play the significant role in the odd order case.


title: Superconductivity in Graphene-Lithium

abstract:
  We present first-principles calculations on systems consisting of a few
layers of graphene and lithium. In particular, we investigate the evolution of
the electron-phonon coupling strength with increasing number of layers. We find
that, for intercalated systems such as C6-Li-C6 or C6-Li-C6-Li-C6, the
electron-phonon coupling is weak. However, for systems of equal number of
graphene and lithium layers, such as C6-Li or C6-Li-C6-Li, the electron-phonon
coupling is strong. We investigate the optimal configuration that yields the
highest superconducting transition temperature.


title: Athena+: The first Deep Universe X-ray Observatory

abstract:
  The Advanced Telescope for High-energy Astrophysics (Athena+) is being
proposed to ESA as the L2 mission (for a launch in 2028) and is specifically
designed to answer two of the most pressing questions for astrophysics in the
forthcoming decade: How did ordinary matter assemble into the large scale
structures we see today? and how do black holes grow and shape the Universe?
For addressing these two issues, Athena+ will provide transformational
capabilities in terms of angular resolution, effective area, spectral
resolution, grasp, that will make it the most powerful X-ray observatory ever
flown. Such an observatory, when opened to the astronomical community, will be
used for virtually all classes of astrophysical objects, from high-z gamma-ray
bursts to the closest planets in our solar neighborhood. In this paper, we
briefly review the core science objectives of Athena+, present the science
requirements and the foreseen implementation of the mission, and illustrate its
transformational capabilities compared to existing facilities.

categories: astro-ph.HE astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA astro-ph.IM astro-ph.SR


title:
Current Dark Matter Annihilation Constraints from CMB and Low-Redshift
  Data

abstract:
  Updated constraints on dark matter cross section and mass are presented
combining CMB power spectrum measurements from Planck, WMAP9, ACT, and SPT as
well as several low-redshift datasets (BAO, HST, supernovae). For the CMB
datasets, we combine WMAP9 temperature and polarization data for l <= 431 with
Planck temperature data for 432 < l < 2500, ACT and SPT data for l > 2500, and
Planck CMB four-point lensing measurements. We allow for redshift-dependent
energy deposition from dark matter annihilation by using a `universal' energy
absorption curve. We also include an updated treatment of the excitation,
heating, and ionization energy fractions, and provide updated deposition
efficiency factors (f_eff) for 41 different dark matter models. Assuming
perfect energy deposition (f_eff = 1) and a thermal cross section, dark matter
masses below 26 GeV are excluded at the 2-sigma level. Assuming a more generic
efficiency of f_eff = 0.2, thermal dark matter masses below 5 GeV are
disfavored at the 2-sigma level. These limits are a factor of ~2 improvement
over those from WMAP9 data alone. These current constraints probe, but do not
exclude, dark matter as an explanation for reported anomalous indirect
detection observations from AMS-02/PAMELA and the Fermi Gamma-ray Inner Galaxy
data. They also probe relevant models that would explain anomalous direct
detection events from CDMS, CRESST, CoGeNT, and DAMA, as originating from a
generic thermal WIMP. Projected constraints from the full Planck release should
improve the current limits by another factor of ~2, but will not definitely
probe these signals. The proposed CMB Stage IV experiment will more decisively
explore the relevant regions and improve upon the Planck constraints by another
factor of ~2.


title:
The Morrey-Kohn-H\"ormander formula implies the twisted
  Morrey-Kohn-H\"ormander formula

abstract:
  We observe that the twisted Morrey-Kohn-H\"ormander formula can be deduced
directly from the Morrey-Kohn-H\"ormander formula.


title:
Phase transitions in Number Theory: from the Birthday Problem to Sidon
  Sets

abstract:
  In this work, we show how number theoretical problems can be fruitfully
approached with the tools of statistical physics. We focus on g-Sidon sets,
which describe sequences of integers whose pairwise sums are different, and
propose a random decision problem which addresses the probability of a random
set of k integers to be g-Sidon. First, we provide numerical evidence showing
that there is a crossover between satisfiable and unsatisfiable phases which
converts to an abrupt phase transition in a properly defined thermodynamic
limit. Initially assuming independence, we then develop a mean field theory for
the g-Sidon decision problem. We further improve the mean field theory, which
is only qualitatively correct, by incorporating deviations from independence,
yielding results in good quantitative agreement with the numerics for both
finite systems and in the thermodynamic limit. Connections between the
generalized birthday problem in probability theory, the number theory of Sidon
sets and the properties of q-Potts models in condensed matter physics are
briefly discussed.


title: Sticking around: an up-close look at drop adhesion

abstract:
  We present a fluid dynamics video showing the adhesion of a drop to a
superhydrophobic surface. We use environmental scanning electron microscopy to
observe depinning events at the microscale. As the drop moves along the
surface, the advancing portion of the contact line simply lies down onto the
upcoming roughness features, contributing negligibly to adhesion. After
measuring the local receding contact angle of capillary bridges formed on a
micropillar array, we find that these depinning events follow the Gibbs
depinning criterion. We further extend this technique to two-scale hierarchical
structures to reveal a self-similar depinning mechanism in which the adhesion
of the entire drop depends only on the pinning at the very smallest level of
roughness hierarchy. With this self-similar depinning mechanism we develop a
model to predict the adhesion of drops to superhydrophobic surfaces that
explains both the low adhesion on sparsely structured surfaces and the
surprisingly high adhesion on surfaces whose features are densely spaced or
tortuously shaped.


title: The Progenitors of the Compact Early-Type Galaxies at High-Redshift

abstract:
  We use GOODS and CANDELS images to identify progenitors of massive (log M >
10 Msun) compact "early-type" galaxies (ETGs) at z~1.6. Since merging and
accretion increase the size of the stellar component of galaxies, if the
progenitors are among known star-forming galaxies, these must be compact
themselves. We select candidate progenitors among compact Lyman-break galaxies
at z~3 based on their mass, SFR and central stellar density and find that these
account for a large fraction of, and possibly all, compact ETGs at z~1.6. We
find that the average far-UV SED of the candidates is redder than that of the
non-candidates, but the optical and mid-IR SED are the same, implying that the
redder UV of the candidates is inconsistent with larger dust obscuration, and
consistent with more evolved (aging) star-formation. This is in line with other
evidence that compactness is a sensitive predictor of passivity among
high-redshift massive galaxies. We also find that the light distribution of
both the compact ETGs and their candidate progenitors does not show any
extended "halos" surrounding the compact "core", both in individual images and
in stacks. We argue that this is generally inconsistent with the morphology of
merger remnants, even if gas-rich, as predicted by N-body simulations. This
suggests that the compact ETGs formed via highly dissipative, mostly gaseous
accretion of units whose stellar components are very small and undetected in
the HST images, with their stellar mass assembling in-situ, and that they have
not experienced any major merging until the epoch of observations at z~1.6.


title: The Geometry of On-Shell Diagrams

abstract:
  The fundamental role of on-shell diagrams in quantum field theory has been
recently recognized. On-shell diagrams, or equivalently bipartite graphs,
provide a natural bridge connecting gauge theory to powerful mathematical
structures such as the Grassmannian. We perform a detailed investigation of the
combinatorial and geometric objects associated to these graphs. We mainly focus
on their relation to polytopes and toric geometry, the Grassmannian and its
stratification. Our work extends the current understanding of these connections
along several important fronts, most notably eliminating restrictions imposed
by planarity, positivity, reducibility and edge removability. We illustrate our
ideas with several explicit examples and introduce concrete methods that
considerably simplify computations. We consider it highly likely that the
structures unveiled in this article will arise in the on-shell study of
scattering amplitudes beyond the planar limit. Our results can be conversely
regarded as an expansion in the understanding of the Grassmannian in terms of
bipartite graphs.

categories: hep-th math-ph math.AG math.CO math.MP math.QA


title:
A unified Lense-Thirring precession model for optical and X-ray
  quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole binaries

abstract:
  Recent observations of accreting black holes reveal the presence of
quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) in the optical power density spectra. The
corresponding oscillation periods match those found in the X-rays, implying a
common origin. Among the numerous suggested X-ray QPO mechanisms, some may also
work in the optical. However, their relevance to the broadband -- optical
through X-ray -- spectral properties have not been investigated. For the first
time, we discuss the QPO mechanism in the context of the self-consistent
spectral model. We propose that the QPOs are produced by Lense-Thirring
precession of the hot accretion flow, whose outer parts radiate in the optical
wavelengths. At the same time, its innermost parts are emitting the X-rays,
explaining the observed connection of QPO periods. We predict that the X-ray
and optical QPOs should be either in phase or shifted by half a period,
depending on the observer position. We investigate the QPO harmonic content and
find that the variability amplitudes at the fundamental frequency are larger in
the optical, while the X-rays are expected to have strong harmonics. We then
discuss the QPO spectral dependence and compare the expectations to the
existing data.


title:
The dynamics of z=0.8 H-alpha-selected star-forming galaxies from
  KMOS/CF-HiZELS

abstract:
  We present the spatially resolved H-alpha (Ha) dynamics of sixteen
star-forming galaxies at z~0.81 using the new KMOS multi-object integral field
spectrograph on the ESO VLT. These galaxies were selected using 1.18 um
narrow-band imaging from the 10 deg^2 CFHT-HiZELS survey of the SA22hr field,
are found in a ~4Mpc over-density of Ha emitters and likely reside in a
group/intermediate environment, but not a cluster. We confirm and identify a
rich group of star-forming galaxies at z=0.813+-0.003, with thirteen galaxies
within 1000 km/s of each other, and 7 within a diameter of 3Mpc. All our
galaxies are "typical" star-forming galaxies at their redshift, 0.8+-0.4
SFR*(z=0.8), spanning a range of specific star formation rate of sSFR=0.2-1.1
Gyr^-1 and have a median metallicity very close to solar of
12+log(O/H)=8.62+-0.06. We measure the spatially resolved Ha dynamics of the
galaxies in our sample and show that thirteen out of sixteen galaxies can be
described by rotating disks and use the data to derive inclination corrected
rotation speeds of 50-275 km/s. The fraction of disks within our sample is
75+-8, consistent with previous results based on HST morphologies of Ha
selected galaxies at z~1 and confirming that disks dominate the star formation
rate density at z~1. Our Ha galaxies are well fitted by the z~1-2 Tully-Fisher
relation, confirming the evolution seen in the zero-point. Apart from having,
on average, higher stellar masses and lower sSFRs, our group galaxies at
z=0.813 present the same mass-metallicity and TF relation as z~1 field
galaxies, and are all disk galaxies.


title: Galaxy size trends as a consequence of cosmology

abstract:
  We show that recently documented trends in galaxy sizes with mass and
redshift can be understood in terms of the influence of underlying cosmic
evolution; a holistic view which is complimentary to interpretations involving
the accumulation of discreet evolutionary processes acting on individual
objects. Using standard cosmology theory, supported with results from the
Millennium simulations, we derive expected size trends for collapsed cosmic
structures, emphasising the important distinction between these trends and the
assembly paths of individual regions. We then argue that the observed variation
in the stellar mass content of these structures can be understood to first
order in terms of natural limitations of cooling and feedback. But whilst these
relative masses vary by orders of magnitude, galaxy and host radii have been
found to correlate linearly. We explain how these two aspects will lead to
galaxy sizes that closely follow observed trends and their evolution, comparing
directly with the COSMOS and SDSS surveys. Thus we conclude that the observed
minimum radius for galaxies, the evolving trend in size as a function of mass
for intermediate systems, and the observed increase in the sizes of massive
galaxies, may all be considered an emergent consequence of the cosmic
expansion.


title:
Systematic Uncertainties Associated with the Cosmological Analysis of
  the First Pan-STARRS1 Type Ia Supernova Sample

abstract:
  We probe the systematic uncertainties from 113 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) in
the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) sample along with 197 SN Ia from a combination of
low-redshift surveys. The companion paper by Rest et al. (2013) describes the
photometric measurements and cosmological inferences from the PS1 sample. The
largest systematic uncertainty stems from the photometric calibration of the
PS1 and low-z samples. We increase the sample of observed Calspec standards
from 7 to 10 used to define the PS1 calibration system. The PS1 and SDSS-II
calibration systems are compared and discrepancies up to ~0.02 mag are
recovered. We find uncertainties in the proper way to treat intrinsic colors
and reddening produce differences in the recovered value of w up to 3%. We
estimate masses of host galaxies of PS1 supernovae and detect an insignificant
difference in distance residuals of the full sample of 0.037\pm0.031 mag for
host galaxies with high and low masses. Assuming flatness in our analysis of
only SNe measurements, we find $w = {-1.120^{+0.360}_{-0.206}\textrm{(Stat)}
^{+0.269}_{-0.291}\textrm{(Sys)}}$. With additional constraints from BAO,
CMB(Planck) and H0 measurements, we find $w = -1.166^{+0.072}_{-0.069}$ and
$\Omega_M=0.280^{+0.013}_{-0.012}$ (statistical and systematic errors added in
quadrature). Significance of the inconsistency with $w=-1$ depends on whether
we use Planck or WMAP measurements of the CMB:
$w_{\textrm{BAO+H0+SN+WMAP}}=-1.124^{+0.083}_{-0.065}$.


title: Composite Taus and Higgs Decays

abstract:
  In this talk, we describe the effects of extended fermion sectors, respecting
custodial symmetry, on Higgs production and decay. The resulting protection for
the Z->b_L b_L and Z->\tau_R \tau_R decays allows for potentially interesting
signals in Higgs physics, while maintaining the good agreement of the Standard
Model with precision tests. The setups can be motivated as the low energy
effective theories of the composite Higgs models MCHM_5 and MCHM_10, where the
spectra can be identified with the light custodians present in these theories.
We will show that these describe the relevant physics in the fermion sectors in
a simplified and transparent way. In contrast to previous studies of composite
models, the impact of a realistic lepton sector on the Higgs decays is taken
into account.


title: Supernova Constraints on MeV Dark Sectors from e+ e- Annihilations

abstract:
  Theories with dark forces and dark sectors are of interest for dark matter
models. In this paper we find the region in parameter space that is constrained
by supernova cooling constraints when the models include dark sector particles
with masses around 100 MeV or less. We include only interactions with electrons
and positrons. The constraint is important for small mixing parameters.


title:
Quantum critical point and superconducting dome in the pressure phase
  diagram of o-TaS3

abstract:
  We measure the electrical resistance of o-TaS3 between 1K and 300K under
pressures up to 20GPa. We observe a gradual decrease of the charge density wave
transition temperature with increasing pressure P following a mean-field
quantum fluctuation power law with a quantum critical point at a pressure Pc =
11.5GPa. Around the quantum critical point we observe a superconducting dome
with a maximum superconducting transition temperature Tc = 3.1K. Such dome is
similar to superconducting domes around other types of order suggesting that
the QCP is directly responsible for the enhancement of superconductivity
through a universal mechanism still not well understood.


title:
Cosmological Constraints from Measurements of Type Ia Supernovae
  discovered during the first 1.5 years of the Pan-STARRS1 Survey

abstract:
  We present griz light curves of 146 spectroscopically confirmed Type Ia
Supernovae ($0.03 < z <0.65$) discovered during the first 1.5 years of the
Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey. The Pan-STARRS1 natural photometric system is
determined by a combination of on-site measurements of the instrument response
function and observations of spectrophotometric standard stars. We find that
the systematic uncertainties in the photometric system are currently 1.2\%
without accounting for the uncertainty in the HST Calspec definition of the AB
system. A Hubble diagram is constructed with a subset of 113 out of 146 SNe Ia
that pass our light curve quality cuts. The cosmological fit to 310 SNe Ia (113
PS1 SNe Ia + 222 light curves from 197 low-z SNe Ia), using only SNe and
assuming a constant dark energy equation of state and flatness, yields
$w=-1.120^{+0.360}_{-0.206}\textrm{(Stat)} ^{+0.269}_{-0.291}\textrm{(Sys)}$.
When combined with BAO+CMB(Planck)+$H_0$, the analysis yields $\Omega_{\rm
M}=0.280^{+0.013}_{-0.012}$ and $w=-1.166^{+0.072}_{-0.069}$ including all
identified systematics (see also Scolnic et al. 2014). The value of $w$ is
inconsistent with the cosmological constant value of $-1$ at the 2.3$\sigma$
level. Tension endures after removing either the BAO or the $H_0$ constraint,
though it is strongest when including the $H_0$ constraint. If we include WMAP9
CMB constraints instead of those from Planck, we find
$w=-1.124^{+0.083}_{-0.065}$, which diminishes the discord to $<2\sigma$. We
cannot conclude whether the tension with flat $\Lambda$CDM is a feature of dark
energy, new physics, or a combination of chance and systematic errors. The full
Pan-STARRS1 supernova sample with $\sim\!\!$3 times as many SNe should provide
more conclusive results.


title:
Three interacting atoms in a one-dimensional trap: A benchmark system
  for computational approaches

abstract:
  We provide an accurate calculation of the energy spectrum of three atoms
interacting through a contact force in a one-dimensional harmonic trap,
considering both spinful fermions and spinless bosons. We use fermionic
energies as a benchmark for exact-diagonalization technique (also known as full
configuration interaction), which is found to slowly converge in the case of
strong interatomic attraction.


title:
The Reflection Component from Cygnus X-1 in the Soft State Measured by
  NuSTAR and Suzaku

abstract:
  The black hole binary Cygnus X-1 was observed in late-2012 with the Nuclear
Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and Suzaku, providing spectral coverage
over the ~1-300 keV range. The source was in the soft state with a
multi-temperature blackbody, power-law, and reflection components along with
absorption from highly ionized material in the system. The high throughput of
NuSTAR allows for a very high quality measurement of the complex iron line
region as well as the rest of the reflection component. The iron line is
clearly broadened and is well-described by a relativistic blurring model,
providing an opportunity to constrain the black hole spin. Although the spin
constraint depends somewhat on which continuum model is used, we obtain a*>0.83
for all models that provide a good description of the spectrum. However, none
of our spectral fits give a disk inclination that is consistent with the most
recently reported binary values for Cyg X-1. This may indicate that there is a
>13 degree misalignment between the orbital plane and the inner accretion disk
(i.e., a warped accretion disk) or that there is missing physics in the
spectral models.


title: Lack of large-angle TT correlations persists in WMAP and Planck

abstract:
  The lack of large-angle correlations in the observed microwave background
temperature fluctuations persists in the final-year maps from WMAP and the
first cosmological data release from Planck. We find a statistically robust and
significant result: p-values for the missing correlations lying below 0.24 per
cent (i.e. evidence at more than 3 sigma) for foreground cleaned maps, in
complete agreement with previous analyses based upon earlier WMAP data. A
conservative cut-sky analysis of the Planck HFI 100 GHz frequency band, the
`cleanest CMB channel', returns a p-value as small as 0.03 per cent, based on
the conservative mask defined by WMAP. These findings are in stark contrast to
expectations from the inflationary Lambda cold dark matter model and still lack
a convincing explanation. If this lack of large-angle correlations is a true
feature of our Universe, and not just a statistical fluke, then the
cosmological dipole must be considerably smaller than that predicted in the
best-fitting model.


title: Holographic Lattices Give the Graviton a Mass

abstract:
  We discuss the DC conductivity of holographic theories with translational
invariance broken by a background lattice. We show that the presence of the
lattice induces an effective mass for the graviton via a gravitational version
of the Higgs mechanism. This allows us to obtain, at leading order in the
lattice strength, an analytic expression for the DC conductivity in terms of
the size of the lattice at the horizon. In locally critical theories this leads
to a power law resistivity that is in agreement with an earlier field theory
analysis of Hartnoll and Hofman.


title:
Local Black Hole Scaling Relations Imply Compton Thick or Super
  Eddington Accretion

abstract:
  A recent analysis of black hole scaling relations, used to estimate the local
mass density in black holes, has indicated that the normalization of the
scaling relations should be increased by approximately a factor of five. The
local black hole mass density is connected to the mean radiative efficiency of
accretion through the time integral of the quasar volume density. The
correspondence between this estimate of the radiative efficiency and that
expected theoretically from thin-disk accretion has long been used as an
argument that most of the growth in black holes occurs via luminous accretion.
The increase of the mass density in black holes pushes the mean observed
radiative efficiency to values below that expected for thin-disk accretion for
any value of the black hole spin, including retrograde accretion disks. This
can be accommodated via black hole growth channels that are intrinsically
radiatively inefficient, such as super-Eddington accretion, or via growth
channels that are intrinsically radiatively efficient but for which few of the
photons are observed, such as Compton thick accretion. Measurements of the 30
keV peak in the X-ray background indicate a significant population of Compton
thick sources which can explain some, but not all, of the change in the local
black hole mass density. If this result is taken as evidence that
super-Eddington accretion is common, it greatly reduces the tension associated
with the growth timescale of observed z=7 quasars compared to the age of the
universe at that redshift.


title:
The London moment: what a rotating superconductor reveals about
  superconductivity

abstract:
  The London moment is the magnetic moment acquired by a rotating
superconductor. We propose that the London moment reveals the following
fundamental properties of the superconducting state: (i) superconductors
(unlike normal metals) know the $sign$ of the charge carriers, (ii) the
superconducting charge carriers are $free$ electrons, (iii) electrons are
expelled from the interior to the surface in the transition to the
superconducting state, (iv) superfluid electrons occupy orbits of radius
$2\lambda_L$ ($\lambda_L=$London penetration depth), and (v) a spin current
exists in the ground state of superconductors. These properties are consistent
with the Meissner effect, however the Meissner effect does not $directly$
reveal the sign of the charge carriers nor the fact that the carrier's mass is
the free electron mass nor the fact that a spin current exists in
superconductors. Note also that within the BCS theory of superconductivity none
of the key properties of superconductors listed above are predicted. Instead,
these properties are predicted by the theory of hole superconductivity.


title: Multi-scale theory in the molecular simulation of electrolyte solutions

abstract:
  This paper organizes McMillan-Mayer theory, the potential distribution
approach, and quasi-chemical theory to provide theory for the thermodynamic
effects associated with longer spatial scales involving longer time scales,
thus helping to define a role for AIMD simulation directly on the time and
space scales typical of those demanding methods. The theory treats composition
fluctuations which would be accessed by larger-scale calculations, and also
longer-ranged interactions that are of special interest for electrolyte
solutions. The quasi-chemical organization breaks-up governing free energies
into physically distinct contributions: packing, outer-shell, and chemical
contributions. Here we study specifically the outer-shell contributions that
express electrolyte screening. For that purpose we adopt a primitive model
suggested by observation of ion-pairing in tetra-ethylammonium
tetra-fluoroborate dissolved in propylene carbonate. Gaussian statistical
models are shown to be effective physical models for outer-shell contributions,
and they are conclusive for the free energies within the quasi-chemical
formulation. With the present data-set the gaussian physical approximation
obtains more accurate mean activity coefficients than does the Bennett direct
evaluation of that free energy.


title:
Boosted top production: factorization and resummation for
  single-particle inclusive distributions

abstract:
  We study single-particle inclusive (1PI) distributions in top-quark pair
production at hadron colliders, working in the highly boosted regime where the
top-quark p_T is much larger than its mass. In particular, we derive a novel
factorization formula valid in the small-mass and soft limits of the
differential partonic cross section. This provides a framework for the
simultaneous resummation of soft gluon corrections and small-mass logarithms,
and also an efficient means of obtaining higher-order corrections to the
differential cross section in this limit. The result involves five distinct
one-scale functions, three of which arise through the subfactorization of soft
real radiation in the small-mass limit. We list the NNLO corrections to each of
these functions, building on results in the literature by performing a new
calculation of a soft function involving four light-like Wilson lines to this
order. We thus obtain a nearly complete description of the small-mass limit of
the differential partonic cross section at NNLO near threshold, missing only
terms involving closed top-quark loops in the virtual corrections.


title:
Demographics of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies along the Hubble
  sequence

abstract:
  We present the statistical properties of a volume-limited sample of 7,429
nearby (z = 0.033 - 0.044) galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data
Release 7. Our database includes morphology distribution as well as the
structural and spectroscopic properties of each morphology type based on the
recent re-measurements of spectral line strengths by Oh and collaborators
(2011). Our database does not include galaxies that are apparently smaller and
flatter, because morphology classification of them turned out to be difficult.
Our statistics confirmed the up-to-date knowledge of galaxy populations, e.g.,
correlations between morphology and line strengths as well as the derived ages,
etc. We hope that this database will be useful as a reference.


title:
The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: evidence for
  gravitational quenching

abstract:
  As part of the SINS/zC-SINF surveys of high-z galaxy kinematics, we derive
the radial distributions of H-alpha surface brightness, stellar mass surface
density, and dynamical mass at ~2 kpc resolution in 19 z~2 star-forming disks
with deep SINFONI AO spectroscopy at the ESO VLT. From these data we infer the
radial distribution of the Toomre Q-parameter for these main-sequence star
forming galaxies (SFGs), covering almost two decades of stellar mass (10^9.6 to
10^11.5 solar masses). In more than half of our SFGs, the H-alpha distributions
cannot be fit by a centrally peaked distribution, such as an exponential, but
are better described by a ring, or the combination of a ring and an
exponential. At the same time the kinematic data indicate the presence of a
mass distribution more centrally concentrated than a single exponential
distribution for 5 of the 19 galaxies. The resulting Q-distributions are
centrally peaked for all, and significantly exceed unity there for three
quarters of the SFGs. The occurrence of H-alpha rings and of large nuclear
Q-values is strongly correlated, and is more common for the more massive SFGs.
While our sample is small and there remain substantial uncertainties and
caveats, our observations are consistent with a scenario in which cloud
fragmentation and global star formation are secularly suppressed in gas rich
high-z disks from the inside out, as the central stellar mass density of the
disks grows.


title: Exclusive Central pi+pi- production in CDF

abstract:
  Using the Collider Detector at Fermilab, CDF, we have measured exclusive
pi+pi- production at sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 1960 GeV. The pi+pi- pair is
central, |y| < 1.0, and there are no other particles detected in |eta| < 5.9.
We discuss the mass spectrum, showing f0(980) and f2(1270) resonances,
s-dependence, pT-dependence, and angular distributions.


title:
Do phase fluctuations influence the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov
  state in a 3D Fermi gas?

abstract:
  In ultracold Fermi gases, the effect of spin-imbalance on superfluidity has
been the subject of intense study. One of the reasons for this is that
spin-imbalance frustrates the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superfluid
pairing mechanism, in which fermions in different spin states combine into
Cooper pairs with zero momentum. In 1964, it was proposed that an exotic
superfluid state called the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, in
which the Cooper pairs have nonzero momentum, could exist in a spin-imbalanced
Fermi gas. At the saddle-point (mean field) level, it has been shown that the
FFLO state only occupies a very small sliver in the ground state phase diagram
of a 3D Fermi gas. However, a question that remains to be investigated is: what
is the influence of phase fluctuations around the saddle point on the FFLO
state? In this work we show that phase fluctuations only lead to relatively
small quantitative corrections to the presence of the FFLO state in the
saddle-point phase diagram of a 3D spin-imbalanced Fermi gas. Starting from the
partition function of the system, we calculate the effective action within the
path-integral adiabatic approximation. The action is then expanded up to second
order in the fluctuation field around the saddle point, leading to the
fluctuation free energy. Using this free energy, we calculate corrections due
to phase fluctuations to the BCS-FFLO transition in the saddle-point phase
diagram. At temperatures at which the FFLO state exists, we find only small
corrections to the size of the FFLO area. Our results suggest that fluctuations
of the phase of the FFLO order parameter, which can be interpreted as an
oscillation of its momentum vector, do not cause an instability of the FFLO
state with respect to the BCS state.


title: Non-Lagrangian Theories from Brane Junctions

abstract:
  In this article we use 5-brane junctions to study the 5D T_N SCFTs
corresponding to the 5D N=1 uplift of the 4D N=2 strongly coupled gauge
theories, which are obtained by compactifying N M5 branes on a sphere with
three full punctures. Even though these theories have no Lagrangian
description, by using the 5-brane junctions proposed by Benini, Benvenuti and
Tachikawa, we are able to derive their Seiberg-Witten curves and Nekrasov
partition functions. We cross-check our results with the 5D superconformal
index proposed by Kim, Kim and Lee. Through the AGTW correspondence, we discuss
the relations between 5D superconformal indices and n-point functions of the
q-deformed W_N Toda theories.


title:
High Pressure Effects on the Superconductivity in Rare-Earth Doped
  CaFe2As2

abstract:
  High-pressure superconductivity in a rare-earth doped Ca0.86Pr0.14Fe2As2
single crystalline sample has been studied up to 12 GPa and temperatures down
to 11 K using designer diamond anvil cell under a quasi-hydrostatic pressure
medium. The electrical resistance measurements were complemented by high
pressure and low temperature x-ray diffraction studies at a synchrotron source.
The electrical resistance measurements show an intriguing observation of
superconductivity under pressure, with Tc as high as ~51 K at 1.9 GPa,
presenting the highest Tc reported in the intermetallic class of 1-2-2
iron-based superconductors. The resistive transition observed suggests a
possible existence of two superconducting phases at low pressures of 0.5 GPa:
one phase starting at Tc1 ~48 K, and the other starting at Tc2~16 K. The two
superconducting transitions show distinct variations with increasing pressure.
High pressure low temperature structural studies indicate that the
superconducting phase is a collapsed tetragonal ThCr2Si2-type (122) crystal
structure. Our high pressure studies indicate that high Tc state attributed to
non-bulk superconductivity in rare-earth doped 1-2-2 iron-based superconductors
is stable under compression over a broad pressure range.


title:
Designing Multi-User MIMO for Energy Efficiency: When is Massive MIMO
  the Answer?

abstract:
  Assume that a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication
system must be designed to cover a given area with maximal energy efficiency
(bit/Joule). What are the optimal values for the number of antennas, active
users, and transmit power? By using a new model that describes how these three
parameters affect the total energy efficiency of the system, this work provides
closed-form expressions for their optimal values and interactions. In sharp
contrast to common belief, the transmit power is found to increase (not
decrease) with the number of antennas. This implies that energy efficient
systems can operate at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes in which the
use of interference-suppressing precoding schemes is essential. Numerical
results show that the maximal energy efficiency is achieved by a massive MIMO
setup wherein hundreds of antennas are deployed to serve relatively many users
using interference-suppressing regularized zero-forcing precoding.


title: Dynamical heterogeneity in periodically deformed polymer glasses

abstract:
  The dynamics of structural relaxation in a model polymer glass subject to
spatially-homogeneous, time-periodic shear deformation is investigated using
molecular dynamics simulations. We study a coarse-grained bead-spring model of
short polymer chains below the glass transition temperature. It is found that
at small strain amplitudes, the segmental dynamics is nearly reversible over
about $10^4$ cycles, while at strain amplitudes above a few percent, polymer
chains become fully relaxed after a hundred cycles. At the critical strain
amplitude, the transition from slow to fast relaxation dynamics is associated
with the largest number of dynamically correlated monomers as indicated by the
peak value of the dynamical susceptibility. The analysis of individual monomer
trajectories showed that mobile monomers tend to assist their neighbors to
become mobile and aggregate into relatively compact transient clusters.


title: Derived log stacks after Olsson

abstract:
  In this note, we give a formulation of log structures for derived stacks
using Olsson's log stack. The derived cotangent complex is then Olsson's
logarithmic cotangent complex, which (unlike Gabber's) is just given by log
differential forms in the log smooth case. The derived moduli stack of log
stable maps then produces the desired virtual tangent space and obstruction
theory on the underlying underived stack.


title: Decoding non-Abelian topological quantum memories

abstract:
  The possibility of quantum computation using non-Abelian anyons has been
considered for over a decade. However the question of how to obtain and process
information about what errors have occurred in order to negate their effects
has not yet been considered. This is in stark contrast with quantum computation
proposals for Abelian anyons, for which decoding algorithms have been
tailor-made for many topological error-correcting codes and error models. Here
we address this issue by considering the properties of non-Abelian error
correction in general. We also choose a specific anyon model and error model to
probe the problem in more detail. The anyon model is the charge submodel of
$D(S_3)$. This shares many properties with important models such as the
Fibonacci anyons, making our method applicable in general. The error model is a
straightforward generalization of those used in the case of Abelian anyons for
initial benchmarking of error correction methods. It is found that error
correction is possible under a threshold value of $7 \%$ for the total
probability of an error on each physical spin. This is remarkably comparable
with the thresholds for Abelian models.


title: Dancing Droplets

abstract:
  Inspired by the observation of intricate and beautifully dynamic patterns
generated by food coloring on clean glass slides, we have investigated the
behavior of propylene glycol and water droplets on high energy surfaces. In
this fluid dynamics video we show a range of interesting behaviors including
long distance attraction, and chasing/fleeing upon contact. We present
explanations for each of these behaviors including a mechanism for the long
distance interactions based on vapor facilitated coupling. Finally we use our
understanding to create several novel devices which: spontaneously align
droplets, drive droplets in circles, cause droplets to bounce on a vertical
surface, and passively sort droplets by surface tension. The simplicity of this
system lends it particularly well to application as a toy model for physical
systems with force fields and biological systems such as chemotaxis and
motility.


title:
On a canonical construction of tesselated surfaces via finite group
  theory, Part I

abstract:
  This paper is the first part in a 2 part study of an elementary functorial
construction from the category of finite non-abelian groups to a category of
singular compact, oriented 2-manifolds. After a desingularization process this
construction results in a collection of compact, connected, oriented tesselated
smooth surfaces equipped with a closed-cell structure which is face and edge
transitive and which has at most 2 orbits of vertices. These tesselated
surfaces can also be viewed as abstract 3-polytopes (or as graph embeddings in
the corresponding surface) which are either equivar or dual to abstract
quasiregular polytopes. This construction generally results in a large
collection of tesselated surfaces per group, for example when the construction
is applied to \Sigma_6 it yields 4477 tesselated surfaces of 27 distinct genus
and even more varieties of tesselation cell structure. We study the
distribution of these surfaces in various groups and some interesting resulting
tesselations. In a second paper, we show that extensions of groups result in
branched coverings between the component surfaces in their decompositions. We
also exploit functoriality to obtain interesting faithful, orientation
preserving actions of subquotients of these groups and their automorphism
groups on these surfaces and in the corresponding mapping class groups.


title: 10 Inventions on laptop keyboards -A study based on US patents

abstract:
  A desktop keyboard has several sections like character key section,
navigation key section, numeric key section, and function key section etc. each
consisting of several number of keys. However, a laptop computer does not have
so much of space to accommodate all these keys into the keyboard. There are
several considerations while designing a laptop keyboard.
  This article illustrates 10 inventions on keyboards for laptop and portable
computers. The inventions are selected from US patent database. The inventions
try to improve various aspects of a laptop keyboard, such as reducing size,
folding and concealing, ergonomic features, improving quality and reducing
cost.


title: 10 Inventions on modular keyboards: A TRIZ based analysis

abstract:
  As a standard keyboard is quite spacious many inventions try to use the space
of keyboard to use for various activities. A modular keyboard is designed in
such a way that the components of the keyboard can be attached and detached as
per the need.
  This article illustrates 10 inventions on modular keyboard from US patent
database. The objective of these inventions is to make a keyboard modular, so
that the same keyboard can be made smaller by detaching some of its components
and larger by attaching additional attachments. Some modular keyboards provide
slots for external attachments like mouse, telephone, speakers, joystick and
storage devices etc.


title:
Sustainability and the Astrobiological Perspective: Framing Human
  Futures in a Planetary Context

abstract:
  We explore how questions related to developing a sustainable human
civilization can be cast in terms of astrobiology. In particular we show how
ongoing astrobiological studies of the coupled relationship between life,
planets and their co-evolution can inform new perspectives and direct new
studies in sustainability science. Using the Drake Equation as a vehicle to
explore the gamut of astrobiology, we focus on its most import factor for
sustainability: the mean lifetime <L> of an ensemble of Species with
Energy-Intensive Technology (SWEIT). We then cast the problem into the language
of dynamical system theory and introduce the concept of a trajectory bundle for
SWEIT evolution and discuss how astrobiological results usefully inform the
creation of dynamical equations, their constraints and initial conditions.
Three specific examples of how astrobiological considerations can be folded
into discussions of sustainability are discussed: (1) concepts of planetary
habitability, (2) mass extinctions and their possible relation to the current,
so-called Anthropocene epoch, and (3) today's changes in atmospheric chemisty
(and the climate change it entails) in the context of pervious epochs of
biosphere-driven atmospheric and climate alteration (i.e. the Great Oxidation
Event).


title:
Condensation and topological phase transitions in a dynamical network
  model with rewiring of the links

abstract:
  Growing network models with both heterogeneity of the nodes and topological
constraints can give rise to a rich phase structure. We present a simple model
based on preferential attachment with rewiring of the links. Rewiring
probabilities are modulated by the negative fitness of the nodes and by the
constraint for the network to be a simple graph. At low temperatures and high
rewiring rates, this constraint induces a Bose-Einstein condensation of paths
of length 2, i.e. a new phase transition with an extended condensate of links.
The phase space of the model includes further transitions in the scaling of the
connected component and the degeneracy of the network.


title: Baryonecrosis: Displaced Vertices from $R$-Parity Violation

abstract:
  The LHC has placed stringent limits on superpartner masses, in conflict with
naturalness. R-parity violation is one of the few scenarios that allows
reduction of these limits and is thus worth significant exploration at the LHC.
We demonstrate that if the R-parity violating operator UDD is used, we
generically expect all SUSY events at the LHC to have displaced vertices. If a
squark is the LSP, it will have a short displaced vertex. If any other particle
is the LSP, the displaced vertex is naturally expected to be quite long,
possibly even outside the detectors. These scenarios are already constrained by
existing searches for missing energy. This arises because this operator
efficiently washes-out the baryon asymmetry in the early universe, unless the
squarks are heavy and the coupling is small. Avoiding displaced vertices is
possible, but requires baryogenesis below the weak scale. Thus, for example,
the use of sphalerons in baryogenesis does not avoid the requirement of
displaced vertices. This motivates searching for hadronic displaced vertices at
the LHC with decay lengths anywhere from tens of microns to meters.


title: Topological strings and 5d T_N partition functions

abstract:
  We evaluate the Nekrasov partition function of 5d gauge theories engineered
by webs of 5-branes, using the refined topological vertex on the dual
Calabi-Yau threefolds. The theories include certain non-Lagrangian theories
such as the T_N theory. The refined topological vertex computation generically
contains contributions from decoupled M2-branes which are not charged under the
5d gauge symmetry engineered. We argue that, after eliminating them, the
refined topological string partition function agrees with the 5d Nekrasov
partition function. We explicitly check this for the T_3 theory as well as
Sp(1) gauge theories with N_f = 2, 3, 4 flavors. In particular, our method
leads to a new expression of the Sp(1) Nekrasov partition functions without any
contour integrals. We also develop prescriptions to calculate the partition
functions of theories obtained by Higgsing the T_N theory. We compute the
partition function of the E_7 theory via this prescription, and find the E_7
global symmetry enhancement. We finally discuss a potential application of the
refined topological vertex to non-toric web diagrams.


title: The quantum algebra of partial Hadamard matrices

abstract:
  A partial Hadamard matrix is a matrix $H\in M_{M\times N}(\mathbb T)$ whose
rows are pairwise orthogonal. We associate to each such $H$ a certain quantum
semigroup $G$ of quantum partial permutations of $\{1,...,M\}$ and study the
correspondence $H\to G$. We discuss as well the relation between the completion
problems for a given partial Hadamard matrix and completion problems for the
associated submagic matrix $P\in M_M(M_N(\mathbb C))$, in both cases
introducing certain criteria for the existence of the suitable completions.


title: Absolute Properties of the Triple Star HP Aurigae

abstract:
  New photometric, spectroscopic, and eclipse timing observations of the
eclipsing binary star HP Aur allow for very accurate orbital determinations,
even in the presence of a third body and transient starspot activity. The
eclipsing binary masses are determined to an accuracy of +/-0.4% and the radii
to +/-0.6%. The masses are 0.9543 +/- 0.0041 and 0.8094 +/- 0.0036 solar
masses, and the radii are 1.0278 +/- 0.0042 and 0.7758 +/- 0.0034 solar radii,
respectively. The orbital period in the outer orbit is accurately known for the
first time - 4.332 +/- 0.011 years. A comparison with current theories of
stellar evolution show that the components absolute properties can be
well-matched by the current models at an age of about 7 billion years.


title:
Electron Antineutrino Disappearance at KamLAND and JUNO as Decisive
  Tests of the Short Baseline Anti-nu_mu to Anti-nu_e Appearance Anomaly

abstract:
  The IsoDAR antineutrino source, which produces a flux from 8Li isotope decay
at rest, when paired with the proposed JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino
Observatory) detector, has unprecedented sensitivity to anti-nu_e disappearance
for oscillations at high Delta m^2. Assuming CPT invariance, the sensitive
region for anti-nu_e disappearance can be used to restrict the allowed
parameter space of an anti-nu_mu to anti-nu_e appearance signal. The 5 sigma
sensitivity of this experiment covers the entire anti-nu_mu to anti-nu_e
allowed parameter space from a combined fit to short-baseline experiments. This
represents a decisive test of the LSND and MiniBooNE antineutrino appearance
signals within all models that are $CPT$ invariant. Running IsoDAR at KamLAND
restricts a large part of the appearance signal region in a similar way.


title:
Predicting self-assembled patterns on spheres with multi-component
  coatings

abstract:
  Interactions between the components in many-body systems can give rise to
spontaneous formation of complex structures. Usually very little is known about
the connection between the interactions and the resulting structure. Here we
present a theory for self-assembling pattern formation in multi-component
systems, formulated as an analytic technique that predicts morphologies
directly from the interactions in an effective model. As a demonstration we
apply the method to a model of alkanethiols on spherical gold particles,
successfully predicting its morphologies and transitions as a function of the
interaction parameters. This system is interesting because it has been
suggested to provide an effective route to produce patchy colloids.


title:
Numerical simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability with the
  Gadget-2 SPH code

abstract:
  The method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely studied
and implemented for a large variety of problems, ranging from astrophysics to
fluid dynamics and elasticity problems in solids. However, the method is known
to have several deficiencies and discrepancies in comparison with traditional
mesh-based codes. In particular, there has been a discussion about its ability
to reproduce the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability in shearing flows. Several
authors reported that they were able to reproduce correctly the instability by
introducing some improvements to the algorithm. In this contribution, we
compare the results of Read et al. (2010) implementation of the SPH algorithm
with the original Gadget-2 N-body/SPH code.


title: Stochastic Modeling and Fair Valuation of Drawdown Insurance

abstract:
  This paper studies the stochastic modeling of market drawdown events and the
fair valuation of insurance contracts based on drawdowns. We model the asset
drawdown process as the current relative distance from the historical maximum
of the asset value. We first consider a vanilla insurance contract whereby the
protection buyer pays a constant premium over time to insure against a drawdown
of a pre-specified level. This leads to the analysis of the conditional Laplace
transform of the drawdown time, which will serve as the building block for
drawdown insurance with early cancellation or drawup contingency. For the
cancellable drawdown insurance, we derive the investor's optimal cancellation
timing in terms of a two-sided first passage time of the underlying drawdown
process. Our model can also be applied to insure against a drawdown by a
defaultable stock. We provide analytic formulas for the fair premium and
illustrate the impact of default risk.


title:
Stable commutator length in Baumslag-Solitar groups and quasimorphisms
  for tree actions

abstract:
  This paper has two parts, on Baumslag-Solitar groups and on general G-trees.
  In the first part we establish bounds for stable commutator length (scl) in
Baumslag-Solitar groups. For a certain class of elements, we further show that
scl is computable and takes rational values. We also determine exactly which of
these elements admit extremal surfaces.
  In the second part we establish a universal lower bound of 1/12 for scl of
suitable elements of any group acting on a tree. This is achieved by
constructing efficient quasimorphisms. Calculations in the group BS(2,3) show
that this is the best possible universal bound, thus answering a question of
Calegari and Fujiwara. We also establish scl bounds for acylindrical tree
actions.
  Returning to Baumslag-Solitar groups, we show that their scl spectra have a
uniform gap: no element has scl in the interval (0, 1/12).


title: Circular handle decompositions of free genus one knots

abstract:
  We determine the structure of the circular handle decompositions of the
family of free genus one knots. Namely, if k is a free genus one knot, then the
handle number h(k)= 0, 1 or 2, and, if k is not fibered (that is, if h(k)>0),
then k is almost fibered. For this, we develop practical techniques to
construct circular handle decompositions of knots with free Seifert surfaces in
the 3-sphere (and compute handle numbers of many knots), and, also, we
characterize the free genus one knots with more than one Seifert surface. These
results are obtained through analysis of spines of surfaces on handlebodies.
Also we show that there are infinite families of free genus one knots with
either h(k)=1 or h(k)=2.