title:
Recovery of the absorption coefficient in radiative transport from a
  single measurement

abstract:
  In this paper, we investigate the recovery of the absorption coefficient from
boundary data assuming that the region of interest is illuminated at an initial
time. We consider a sufficiently strong and isotropic, but otherwise unknown
initial state of radiation. This work is part of an effort to reconstruct
optical properties using unknown illumination embedded in the unknown medium.
  We break the problem into two steps. First, in a linear framework, we seek
the simultaneous recovery of a forcing term of the form $\sigma(t,x,\theta)
f(x)$ (with $\sigma$ known) and an isotropic initial condition $u_{0}(x)$ using
the single measurement induced by these data. Based on exact boundary
controllability, we derive a system of equations for the unknown terms $f$ and
$u_{0}$. The system is shown to be Fredholm if $\sigma$ satisfies a certain
positivity condition. We show that for generic term $\sigma$ and weakly
absorbing media, this linear inverse problem is uniquely solvable with a
stability estimate. In the second step, we use the stability results from the
linear problem to address the nonlinearity in the recovery of a weak absorbing
coefficient. We obtain a locally Lipschitz stability estimate.


title:
Probabilistic properties of topologies of finite metric spaces' minimal
  fillings

abstract:
  In this work we provide a way to introduce a probability measure on the space
of minimal fillings of finite additive metric spaces as well as an algorithm
for its computation. The values of probability, got from the analytical
solution, coincide with the computer simulation for the computed cases. Also
the built technique makes possible to find the asymptotic of the ratio for
families of graph structures.


title: Fixed point theorems of soft contractive mappings

abstract:
  The first aim of this paper is to examine some important properties of soft
metric spaces. Second is to introduce soft continuous mappings and investigate
properties of soft continuous mappings. Third is to prove some fixed point
theorems of soft contractive mappings on soft metric spaces.


title:
Completing Canonical Quantization, and its Role in Nontrivial Scalar
  Field Quantization

abstract:
  The process of canonical quantization is redefined so that the classical and
quantum theories coexist when \hbar>0, just as they do in the real world. This
analysis not only supports conventional procedures, it also reveals new
quantization procedures that, among several examples, permit nontrivial
quantization of scalar field models such as \phi^4_n, for every spacetime
dimension n\ge2.


title: Distractions of Shakin rings

abstract:
  We study, by means of embeddings of Hilbert functions, a class of rings which
we call Shakin rings, i.e. quotients K[X_1,...,X_n]/a of a polynomial ring over
a field K by ideals a=L+P which are the sum of a piecewise lex-segment ideal L,
as defined by Shakin, and a pure powers ideal P. Our main results extend
Abedelfatah's recent work on the Eisenbud-Green-Harris conjecture, Shakin's
generalization of Macaulay and Bigatti-Hulett-Pardue theorems on Betti numbers
and, when char(K)=0, Mermin-Murai theorem on the Lex-Plus-Power inequality,
from monomial regular sequences to a larger class of ideals. We also prove an
extremality property of embeddings induced by distractions in terms of Hilbert
functions of local cohomology modules.


title: Multidimensional Simulations of Rotating Pair Instability Supernovae

abstract:
  We study the effects of rotation on the dynamics, energetics and Ni-56
production of Pair Instability Supernova explosions by performing rotating
two-dimensional ("2.5-D") hydrodynamics simulations. We calculate the evolution
of eight low metallicity (Z = 10^-3, 10^-4 Zsun) massive (135-245 Msun) PISN
progenitors with initial surface rotational velocities 50% that of the critical
Keplerian value using the stellar evolution code MESA. We allow for both the
inclusion and the omission of the effects of magnetic fields in the angular
momentum transport and in chemical mixing, resulting in slowly-rotating and
rapidly-rotating final carbon-oxygen cores, respectively. Increased rotation
for carbon-oxygen cores of the same mass and chemical stratification leads to
less energetic PISN explosions that produce smaller amounts of Ni-56 due to the
effect of the angular momentum barrier that develops and slows the dynamical
collapse. We find a non-monotonic dependence of Ni-56 production on rotational
velocity in situations when smoother composition gradients form at the outer
edge of the rotating cores. In these cases, the PISN energetics are determined
by the competition of two factors: the extent of chemical mixing in the outer
layers of the core due to the effects of rotation in the progenitor evolution
and the development of angular momentum support against collapse. Our 2.5-D
PISN simulations with rotation are the first presented in the literature. They
reveal hydrodynamic instabilities in several regions of the exploding star and
increased explosion asymmetries with higher core rotational velocity.


title: The Betti table of a high degree curve is asymptotically pure

abstract:
  We prove that asymptotically in the degree, the main term of the
Boij--S\"oderberg decomposition of a high degree curve is a single pure diagram
that only depends on the genus of the curve. This answers a question of Ein and
Lazarsfeld in the case of curves.


title: Ruling polynomials and augmentations over finite fields

abstract:
  For any Legendrian link, L, in (\R^3, \ker(dz-y\,dx)) we define invariants,
Aug_m(L,q), as normalized counts of augmentations from the Legendrian contact
homology DGA of L into a finite field of order q where the parameter m is a
divisor of twice the rotation number of L. Generalizing a result of Ng and
Sabloff for the case q =2, we show the augmentation numbers, Aug_m(L,q), are
determined by specializing the m-graded ruling polynomial, R^m_L(z), at z =
q^{1/2}-q^{-1/2}. As a corollary, we deduce that the ruling polynomials are
determined by the Legendrian contact homology DGA.


title:
S\'{e}rsic galaxy models in weak lensing shape measurement: model bias,
  noise bias and their interaction

abstract:
  Cosmic shear is a powerful probe of cosmological parameters, but its
potential can be fully utilised only if galaxy shapes are measured with great
accuracy. Two major effects have been identified which are likely to account
for most of the bias for maximum likelihood methods in recent shear measurement
challenges. Model bias occurs when the true galaxy shape is not well
represented by the fitted model. Noise bias occurs due to the non-linear
relationship between image pixels and galaxy shape. In this paper we
investigate the potential interplay between these two effects when an imperfect
model is used in the presence of high noise. We present analytical expressions
for this bias, which depends on the residual difference between the model and
real data. They can lead to biases not accounted for in previous calibration
schemes. By measuring the model bias, noise bias and their interaction, we
provide a complete statistical framework for measuring galaxy shapes with model
fitting methods from GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing (GREAT) like
images. We demonstrate the noise and model interaction bias using a simple toy
model, which indicates that this effect can potentially be significant. Using
real galaxy images from the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) we quantify
the strength of the model bias, noise bias and their interaction. We find that
the interaction term is often a similar size to the model bias term, and is
smaller than the requirements of the current and shortly upcoming galaxy
surveys.


title:
Lorentz-violating effects on pair production of W bosons in photon
  collisions

abstract:
  We examine Lorentz-violating effects that could appear through deviations of
the Standard Model gauge couplings WWgamma and WWgammagamma. These new physics
effects are explored on the gamma gamma -> WW reaction at the International
Linear Collider. In particular, the associated helicity amplitudes are computed
in the context of the Standard Model Extension (which is a model-independent
approach to CPT and Lorentz violation) and the Effective Lagrangian Model
(which incorporates new physics effects that respect CPT and Lorentz
violation). We perform an exhaustive study of the polarized differential cross
sections to stand out effects related to Lorentz symmetry violation, where it
is evidenced that the effects of Lorentz symmetry violation are more sensitive
to the presence of the b constant background field. We found that for the
$(\pm,\pm,(L,T+T,L))$ polarization state, only Standard Model Extension and
Effective Lagrangian Model contribute at the lowest order, however, both types
of new physics effects are clearly distinguished, being dominant the convoluted
cross section of the Standard Model Extension in around 4 orders of magnitude.
For this polarization state, at the last stage of operation of International
Linear Collider, it is expected an integrated luminosity of 10^3 fb^{-1},
finding around of 2 events for a Lorentz-violating energy scale of 32 TeV.


title: Response functions after a quantum quench

abstract:
  The response of physical systems to external perturbations can be used to
probe both their equilibrium and non-equilibrium dynamics. While response and
correlation functions are related in equilibrium by fluctuation-dissipation
theorems, out of equilibrium they provide complementary information on the
dynamics. In the past years, a method has been devised to map the quantum
dynamics of an isolated extended system after a quench onto a static theory
with boundaries in imaginary time; up to now, however, the focus was entirely
on symmetrized correlation functions. Here we provide a prescription which, in
principle, allows one to retrieve the whole set of relevant dynamical
quantities characterizing the evolution, including linear response functions.
We illustrate this construction with some relevant examples, showing in the
process the emergence of light-cone effects similar to those observed in
correlation functions.


title:
Meridional Circulation From Differential Rotation in an Adiabatically
  Stratified Solar/Stellar Convection Zone

abstract:
  Meridional circulation in stellar convection zones is not generally well
observed, but may be critical for MHD dynamos. Coriolis forces from
differential rotation (DR) play a large role in determining what the meridional
circulation is. Here we consider whether a stellar DR that is constant on
cylinders concentric with the rotation axis can drive a meridional
circulation.Conventional wisdom says that it can not. Using two related forms
of governing equations that respectively estimate the longitudinal components
of the curl of meridional mass flux and the vorticity, we show that such DR
will drive a meridional flow. This is because to satisfy anelastic mass
conservation, non-spherically symmetric pressure contours must be present for
all DRs, not just ones that depart from constancy on cylinders concentric with
the rotation axis. Therefore the fluid is always baroclinic if DR is present,
because, in anelastic systems, the perturbation pressure must satisfy a Poisson
type equation, as well as an equation of state and a thermodynamic equation. We
support our qualitative reasoning with numerical examples, and show that
meridional circulation is sensitive to the magnitude and form of departures
from rotation constant on cylinders. The effect should be present in 3D global
anelastic convection simulations, particularly those for which the DR driven by
global convection is nearly cylindrical in profile. For solar-like DR, Coriolis
forces generally drive a two-celled circulation in each hemisphere, with a
second, reversed flow at high latitudes. For solar like turbulent viscosities,
the meridional circulation produced by Coriolis forces is much larger than
observed on the Sun. Therefore there must be at least one additional force,
probably a buoyancy force, which opposes the meridional flow to bring its
amplitude down to observed values.


title: Conformal Symmetry, Rindler Space and The AdS/CFT Correspondence

abstract:
  Field theories in black hole spacetimes undergo dimensional reduction near
horizon (in the Rindler limit) to two dimensional conformal field theories. We
investigate this enhancement of symmetries in the context of gauge/gravity
duality by considering Rindler space as boundary of Anti-de Sitter space in
three spacetime dimensions. We show that the loxodromy conjugacy class of the
SO(2,2) isometry group is responsible for generating the special conformal
transformations on the boundary under RG flow. We use this approach to present
an alternative derivation of the two-point function in Rindler space using
AdS/CFT correspondence.


title:
A local limit law for the empirical spectral distribution of the
  anticommutator of independent Wigner matrices

abstract:
  Our main result is a local limit law for the empirical spectral distribution
of the anticommutator of independent Wigner matrices, modeled on the local
semicircle law. Our approach is to adapt some techniques from one of the recent
papers of Erd\"os-Yau-Yin. We also use an algebraic description of the law of
the anticommutator of free semicircular variables due to Nica-Speicher, a
self-adjointness-preserving variant of the linearization trick due to
Haagerup-Schultz-Thorbj\o rnsen, and the Schwinger-Dyson equation. A byproduct
of our work is a relatively simple deterministic version of the local
semicircle law.


title:
NuSTAR Spectroscopy of GRS 1915+105: Disk Reflection, Spin, and
  Connections to Jets

abstract:
  We report on the results of spectral fits made to a NuSTAR observation of the
black hole GRS 1915+105 in a "plateau" state. This state is of special interest
because it is similar to the "low/hard" state seen in other black holes,
especially in that compact, steady jets are launched in this phase. The 3-79
keV bandpass of NuSTAR, and its ability to obtain moderate-resolution spectra
free from distortions such as photon pile-up, are extremely well suited to
studies of disk reflection in X-ray binaries. In only 15 ks of net exposure, an
extraordinarily sensitive spectrum of GRS 1915+105 was measured across the full
bandpass. Ionized reflection from a disk around a rapidly-spinning black hole
is clearly required to fit the spectra; even hybrid Comptonization models
including ionized reflection from a disk around a Schwarzschild black hole
proved inadequate. A spin parameter of a = 0.98 +/- 0.01 (1-sigma statistical
error) is measured via the best-fit model; low spins are ruled out at a high
level of confidence. This result suggests that jets can be launched from a disk
extending to the innermost stable circular orbit. A very steep inner disk
emissivity profile is also measured, consistent with models of compact coronae
above Kerr black holes. These results support an emerging association between
the hard X-ray corona and the base of the relativistic jet.


title: Facets for Art Gallery Problems

abstract:
  The Art Gallery Problem (AGP) asks for placing a minimum number of stationary
guards in a polygonal region P, such that all points in P are guarded. The
problem is known to be NP-hard, and its inherent continuous structure (with
both the set of points that need to be guarded and the set of points that can
be used for guarding being uncountably infinite) makes it difficult to apply a
straightforward formulation as an Integer Linear Program. We use an iterative
primal-dual relaxation approach for solving AGP instances to optimality. At
each stage, a pair of LP relaxations for a finite candidate subset of primal
covering and dual packing constraints and variables is considered; these
correspond to possible guard positions and points that are to be guarded.
  Particularly useful are cutting planes for eliminating fractional solutions.
We identify two classes of facets, based on Edge Cover and Set Cover (SC)
inequalities. Solving the separation problem for the latter is NP-complete, but
exploiting the underlying geometric structure, we show that large subclasses of
fractional SC solutions cannot occur for the AGP. This allows us to separate
the relevant subset of facets in polynomial time. We also characterize all
facets for finite AGP relaxations with coefficients in {0, 1, 2}.
  Finally, we demonstrate the practical usefulness of our approach. Our cutting
plane technique yields a significant improvement in terms of speed and solution
quality due to considerably reduced integrality gaps as compared to the
approach by Kr\"oller et al.


title: A First-Principles Study of CdSe Nanoclusters Capped by Thiol Ligands

abstract:
  A first-principles study of small CdnSen quantum dots (QDs) (n = 6, 13, and
33) has been performed for the study of QD-sensitized solar cells. We assessed
the effects of the passivating thiol-radical ligands on the optimized
structure, the energy gap, and on the absorption spectrum. The simplest thiol,
methanethiol, and four other thiol type ligands, namely - cysteine (Cys),
mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), and their reduced-chain analogues, were
investigated. We have come to the following conclusions. (a) Thiol-radical
ligands possessed greater effects on the structure and electronic properties of
the CdSe QDs than thiol ligands alone. (b) The sulfur 3p orbitals were
localized as the midgap states for the thiol-radical-ligated complex, which
altered the absorption spectrum of bare Cd6Se6 by inducing a new lower energy
absorption peak at 2.37 eV. (c) The thiol-radical-ligated complex was also
found to be sensitive to the position and number of ligands. (d) Both the amine
group on Cys and the carboxyl group on Cys and MPA showed a strong tendency to
bond with the neighboring Cd atom, especially when the length of the ligand was
reduced. This formation of Cd-N and Cd-O bonds resulted in smaller HOMO-LUMO
gaps and a stronger binding between the ligands and the surface atoms of CdSe
nanoclusters.


title: Ultra-low Energy, High-Performance Dynamic Resistive Threshold Logic

abstract:
  We propose dynamic resistive threshold-logic (DRTL) design based on
non-volatile resistive memory. A threshold logic gate (TLG) performs summation
of multiple inputs multiplied by a fixed set of weights and compares the sum
with a threshold. DRTL employs resistive memory elements to implement the
weights and the thresholds, while a compact dynamic CMOS latch is used for the
comparison operation. The resulting DRTL gate acts as a low-power, configurable
dynamic logic unit and can be used to build fully pipelined, high-performance
programmable computing blocks. Multiple stages in such a DRTL design can be
connected using energy-efficient low swing programmable interconnect networks
based on resistive switches. Owing to memory-based compact logic and
interconnect design and highspeed dynamic-pipelined operation, DRTL can achieve
more than two orders of magnitude improvement in energy-delay product as
compared to look-up table based CMOS FPGA.


title: Symmetry Enriched Phases via Pseudo Anyon Condensation

abstract:
  We show that a large class of symmetry enriched (topological) phases of
matter in 2+1 dimensions can be embedded in "larger" topological phases- phases
describable by larger hidden Hopf symmetries. Such an embedding is analogous to
anyon condensation, although no physical condensation actually occurs. This
generalizes the Landau-Ginzburg paradigm of symmetry breaking from continuous
groups to quantum groups- in fact algebras- and offers a potential
classification of the symmetry enriched (topological) phases thus obtained,
including symmetry protected trivial phases as well, in a unified framework.


title:
SARCS strong lensing galaxy groups: I - optical, weak lensing, and
  scaling laws

abstract:
  We present the weak lensing and optical analysis of the SL2S-ARCS (SARCS)
sample of strong lens candidates. The sample is based on the Strong Lensing
Legacy Survey (SL2S), a systematic search of strong lensing systems in the
photometric Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS). The SARCS
sample focuses on arc-like features and is designed to contain mostly galaxy
groups. We briefly present the weak lensing methodology that we use to estimate
the mass of the SARCS objects. Among 126 candidates, we obtain a weak lensing
detection for 89 objects with velocity dispersions of the Singular Isothermal
Sphere mass model ranging from 350 to 1000 km/s with an average value of
600km/s, corresponding to a rich galaxy group (or poor cluster). From the
galaxies belonging to the bright end of the group's red sequence (M_i<-21), we
derive the optical properties of the SARCS candidates. We obtain typical
richnesses of N=5-15 galaxies and optical luminosities of L=0.5-1.5e+12 Lsol
(within a radius of 0.5 Mpc). We use these galaxies to compute luminosity
density maps, from which a morphological classification reveals that a large
fraction of the sample are groups with a complex light distribution, either
elliptical or multimodal, suggesting that these objects are dynamically young
structures. We finally combine the lensing and optical analyses to draw a
sample of 80 most secure group candidates, i.e. weak lensing detection and
over-density at the lens position in the luminosity map, to remove false
detections and galaxy-scale systems from the initial sample. We use this
reduced sample to probe the optical scaling relations in combination with a
sample of massive galaxy clusters. We detect the expected correlations over the
probed range in mass with a typical scatter of 25% in the SIS velocity
dispersion at a given richness or luminosity, making these scaling laws
interesting mass proxies


title: Genetic Algorithm for Solving Simple Mathematical Equality Problem

abstract:
  This paper explains genetic algorithm for novice in this field. Basic
philosophy of genetic algorithm and its flowchart are described. Step by step
numerical computation of genetic algorithm for solving simple mathematical
equality problem will be briefly explained


title:
Implications of PSR J0737-3039B for the Galactic NS-NS Binary Merger
  Rate

abstract:
  The Double Pulsar (PSR J0737-3039) is the only neutron star-neutron star
(NS-NS) binary in which both NSs have been detectable as radio pulsars. The
Double Pulsar has been assumed to dominate the Galactic NS-NS binary merger
rate R_g among all known systems, solely based on the properties of the
first-born, recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-3039A, or A) with an assumption for the
beaming correction factor of 6. In this work, we carefully correct
observational biases for the second-born, non-recycled pulsar (PSR J0737-0737B,
or B) and estimate the contribution from the Double Pulsar on R_g using
constraints available from both A and B. Observational constraints from the B
pulsar favour a small beaming correction factor for A (~2), which is consistent
with a bipolar model. Considering known NS-NS binaries with the best
observational constraints, including both A and B, we obtain R_g=21_{-14}^{+28}
per Myr at 95 per cent confidence from our reference model. We expect the
detection rate of gravitational waves from NS-NS inspirals for the advanced
ground-based gravitational-wave detectors is to be 8^{+10}_{-5} per yr at 95
per cent confidence. Within several years, gravitational-wave detections
relevant to NS-NS inspirals will provide us useful information to improve
pulsar population models.


title: Transfer of Gravitational Information through a Quantum Channel

abstract:
  Gravitational information is incorporated into an atomic state by correlation
of the internal and external degrees of freedom of the atom, in the present
study of the atomic interferometer. Thus it is difficult to transfer
information by using a standard teleportation scheme. In this paper, we propose
a novel scheme for the transfer of gravitational information through a quantum
channel provided by the entangled atomic state. Significantly, the existence of
a quantum channel suppresses phase noise, improving the sensitivity of the
atomic interferometer. Thus our proposal provides novel readout mechanism for
the interferometer with an improved signal-to-noise ratio.


title: Post-human mathematics

abstract:
  Present day mathematics is a human construct, where computers are used more
and more but do not play a creative role. This situation may change however:
computers may become creative, and since they function very differently from
the human brain they may produce a very different sort of mathematics. We
discuss what this post-human mathematics may look like, and the philosophical
consequences that this may entail.


title:
Local softening of information geometric indicators of chaos in
  statistical modeling in the presence of quantum-like considerations

abstract:
  In a previous paper (C. Cafaro et al., 2012), we compared an uncorrelated 3D
Gaussian statistical model to an uncorrelated 2D Gaussian statistical model
obtained from the former model by introducing a constraint that resembles the
quantum mechanical canonical minimum uncertainty relation. Analysis was
completed by way of the information geometry and the entropic dynamics of each
system. This analysis revealed that the chaoticity of the 2D Gaussian
statistical model, quantified by means of the Information Geometric Entropy
(IGE), is softened or weakened with respect to the chaoticity of the 3D
Gaussian statistical model due to the accessibility of more information. In
this companion work, we further constrain the system in the context of a
correlation constraint among the system's micro-variables and show that the
chaoticity is further weakened, but only locally. Finally, the physicality of
the constraints is briefly discussed, particularly in the context of quantum
entanglement.


title: Theoretical Analysis of Two-Color Ghost Interference

abstract:
  Recently demonstrated ghost interference using correlated photons of
different frequencies, has been theoretically analyzed. The calculation
predicts an interesting nonlocal effect: the fringe width of the ghost
interference depends not only on the wave-length of the photon involved, but
also on the wavelength of the other photon with which it is entangled. This
feature, arising because of different frequencies of the entangled photons, was
hidden in the original ghost interference experiment. This prediction can be
experimentally tested in a slightly modified version of the experiment.


title:
Fundamental properties of core-collapse Supernova and GRB progenitors:
  predicting the look of massive stars before death

abstract:
  We investigate the fundamental properties of core-collapse Supernova (SN)
progenitors from single stars at solar metallicity. We combine Geneva stellar
evolutionary models with initial masses of Mini=20-120 Msun with
atmospheric/wind models using CMFGEN. We provide synthetic photometry and
high-resolution spectra of hot stars at the pre-SN stage. For Mini=9-20 Msun,
we supplement our analysis using publicly available MARCS model atmospheres of
RSGs. We employ observational criteria of spectroscopic classification and find
that massive stars, depending on Mini and rotation, end their lives as red
supergiants (RSG), yellow hypergiants (YHG), luminous blue variables (LBV), and
Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars of the WN and WO spectral types. For rotating models, we
obtain the following types of SN progenitors: WO1-3 (Mini <= 32 Msun), WN10-11
(25 < Mini < 32 Msun), LBV (20 <= Mini < 25 Msun), G1 Ia+ (18 < Mini < 20
Msun), and RSGs (9 <= Mini <= 18 Msun). For non-rotating models, we find
spectral types WO1-3 (Mini>40 Msun), WN7-8 (25 < Mini <= 40 Msun), WN11h/LBV
(20 < Mini <= 25 Msun), and RSGs (9 <= Mini <= 20 Msun). Our rotating models
indicate that SN IIP progenitors are all RSG, SN IIL/b progenitors are 56% LBVs
and 44% YHGs, SN Ib progenitors are 96% WN10-11 and 4% WOs, and SN Ic
progenitors are all WO stars. We find that not necessarily the most massive and
luminous SN progenitors are the brighter ones in a given filter. We show that
SN IIP progenitors (RSGs) are bright in the RIJHK_S filters and faint in the UB
filters. SN IIL/b progenitors (LBVs and YHGs), and SN Ib progenitors (WNs) are
relatively bright in optical/IR filters, while SN Ic progenitors (WOs) are
faint in all optical filters. We argue that SN Ib and Ic progenitors from
single stars should be undetectable in the available pre-explosion images with
the current magnitude limits, in agreement with observational
results.[abridged]

categories: astro-ph.SR astro-ph.CO astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE


title:
The Layzer-Irvine Equation for Scalar-Tensor Theories: A Test of
  Modified Gravity N-body Simulations

abstract:
  The Layzer-Irvine equation describes energy conservation for a pressure less
fluid interacting though quasi-Newtonian gravity in an expanding Universe. We
here derive a Layzer-Irvine equation for scalar field theories where the scalar
field is coupled to the matter fields, and show applications of this equation
by applying it to N-body simulations of modified gravity theories. There it can
be used as both a dynamical test of the accuracy of the solution and the
numerical implementation when solving the equation of motion. We also present
an equation that can be used as a new static test for an arbitrary matter
distribution. This allows us to test the N- body scalar field solver using a
matter distribution which resembles what we actually encounter in numerical
simulations.


title: Hot-Dust (690K) Luminosity Density and its Evolution in the last 7.5Gyr

abstract:
  [Abridged] We study the contribution of hot-dust to the luminosity density of
galaxies and its evolution with cosmic time. Using the Spitzer-IRAC data in the
COSMOS field, we estimate the contribution from hot-dust at rest-frame 4.2um
(from ~0 < z < ~0.2 up to ~0.5 < z < ~0.9). This wavelength corresponds to
black-body temperature of ~690K. The contribution due to stellar emission is
estimated from the rest-frame 1.6um luminosity (assumed to result from stellar
emission alone) and subtracted from the mid-infrared luminosity of galaxies to
measure hot-dust emission. In order to attempt the study of the 3.3um-PAH
feature, we use the rest-frame 4.2um to infer the hot-dust flux at 3.3um. This
study is performed for different spectral types of galaxies: early-type,
late-type, starburst, and IR-selected AGN. We find that: (a) the decrease of
the hot-dust luminosity density since ~0.5 < z < ~1 is steeper (by at least
~0.5dex) compared to that of the cold-dust, giving support to the scenario
where galaxy obscuration increases with redshift, as already proposed in the
literature; (b) hot-dust and PAH emission evolution seems to be correlated with
stellar mass, where rest-frame 1.6um luminous non-AGN galaxies (i.e., massive
systems) show a stronger decrement (with decreasing redshift) in hot-dust and
PAH emission than the less luminous (less massive) non-AGN galaxies; (c)
despite comprising < ~3% of the total sample, AGN contribute as much as a third
to the hot-dust luminosity density at z < 1 and clearly dominate the bright-end
of the total hot-dust Luminosity Density Function at ~0.5 < z < ~0.9; (d) the
average dust-to-total luminosity ratio increases with redshift, while
PAH-to-total luminosity ratio remains fairly constant; (e) at M_1.6 > -25, the
dust-to-total and PAH-to-total luminosity ratios increase with decreasing
luminosity, but deeper data is required to confirm this result.


title:
Manipulation of a two-photon pump in superconductor - semiconductor
  heterostructures

abstract:
  We investigate the photon statistics, entanglement and squeezing of a
pn-junction sandwiched between two superconducting leads, and show that such an
electrically-driven photon pump generates correlated and entangled pairs of
photons. In particular, we demonstrate that the squeezing of the fluctuations
in the quadrature amplitudes of the emitted light can be manipulated by
changing the relative phase of the order parameters of the superconductors.
This reveals how macroscopic coherence of the superconducting state can be used
to tailor the properties of a two-photon state.


title:
Transforming gravity: from derivative couplings to matter to
  second-order scalar-tensor theories beyond the Horndeski Lagrangian

abstract:
  We study the structure of scalar-tensor theories of gravity based on
derivative couplings between the scalar and the matter degrees of freedom
introduced through an effective metric. Such interactions are classified by
their tensor structure into conformal (scalar), disformal (vector) and extended
disformal (traceless tensor), as well as by the derivative order of the scalar
field. Relations limited to first derivatives of the field ensure second order
equations of motion in the Einstein frame and hence the absence of Ostrogradski
ghost degrees of freedom. The existence of a mapping to the Jordan frame is not
trivial in the general case, and can be addressed using the Jacobian of the
frame transformation through its eigenvalues and eigentensors. These objects
also appear in the study of different aspects of such theories, including the
metric and field redefinition transformation of the path integral in the
quantum mechanical description. Although sane in the Einstein frame, generic
disformally coupled theories are described by higher order equations of motion
in the Jordan frame. This apparent contradiction is solved by the use of a
hidden constraint: the contraction of the metric equations with a Jacobian
eigentensor provides a constraint relation for the higher field derivatives,
which allows one to express the dynamical equations in a second order form.
This signals a loophole in Horndeski's theorem and allows one to enlarge the
set of scalar-tensor theories which are Ostrogradski-stable. The transformed
Gauss-Bonnet terms are also discussed for the simplest conformal and disformal
relations.


title: Can the Higgs Boson Save Us From the Menace of the Boltzmann Brains?

abstract:
  The standard $\Lambda$CDM model provides an excellent fit to current
cosmological observations but suffers from a potentially serious Boltzmann
Brain problem. If the universe enters a de Sitter vacuum phase that is truly
eternal, there will be a finite temperature in empty space and corresponding
thermal fluctuations. Among these fluctuations will be intelligent observers,
as well as configurations that reproduce any local region of the current
universe to arbitrary precision. We discuss the possibility that the escape
from this unacceptable situation may be found in known physics: vacuum
instability induced by the Higgs field. Avoiding Boltzmann Brains in a
measure-independent way requires a decay timescale of order the current age of
the universe, which can be achieved if the top quark pole mass is approximately
178 GeV. Otherwise we must invoke new physics or a particular cosmological
measure before we can consider $\Lambda$CDM to be an empirical success.


title:
Query Processing Performance and Searching Over Encrypted Data By Using
  An Efficient Algorithm

abstract:
  Data is the central asset of today's dynamically operating organization and
their business. This data is usually stored in database. A major consideration
is applied on the security of that data from the unauthorized access and
intruders. Data encryption is a strong option for security of data in database
and especially in those organizations where security risks are high. But there
is a potential disadvantage of performance degradation. When we apply
encryption on database then we should compromise between the security and
efficient query processing. The work of this paper tries to fill this gap. It
allows the users to query over the encrypted column directly without decrypting
all the records. It's improves the performance of the system. The proposed
algorithm works well in the case of range and fuzzy match queries.


title:
Overstable Librations can account for the Paucity of Mean Motion
  Resonances among Exoplanet Pairs

abstract:
  We assess the multi-planet systems discovered by the Kepler satellite in
terms of current ideas about orbital migration and eccentricity damping due to
planet-disk interactions. Our primary focus is on mean motion resonances. Only
a few percent of planet pairs are in close proximity to a resonance. However,
predicted migration rates (parameterized by $\tau_n=n/{|\dot n|}$) imply that
during convergent migration most planets would have been captured into first
order resonances. Eccentricity damping (parameterized by $\tau_e=e/{|\dot e|}$)
offers a plausible resolution. Estimates suggest $\tau_e/\tau_n\sim (h/a)^2\sim
10^{-2}$, where $h/a$ is the ratio of disk thickness to radius. Together,
eccentricity damping and orbital migration give rise to an equilibrium
eccentricity, $e_{eq}\sim(\tau_e/\tau_n)^{1/2}$. Capture is permanent provided
$e_{eq}\lesssim \mu^{1/3}$, where $\mu$ denotes the planet to star mass ratio.
But for $e_{eq}\gtrsim \mu^{1/3}$, capture is only temporary because librations
around equilibrium are overstable and lead to passage through resonance on
timescale $\tau_e$. Most Kepler planet pairs have $e_{eq}>\mu^{1/3}$. Since
$\tau_n>> \tau_e$ is the timescale for migration between neighboring
resonances, only a modest percentage of pairs end up trapped in resonances
after the disk disappears. Planet pairs close to a mean motion resonance
typically exhibit period ratios 1-2% larger than those for exact resonance. The
direction of this shift undoubtedly reflects the same asymmetry that requires
convergent migration for resonance capture. Permanent resonance capture at
these separations from exact resonance would demand $\mu
(\tau_n/\tau_e)^{1/2}\gtrsim 0.01$, a value that estimates of $\mu$ from
transit data and $(\tau_e/\tau_n)^{1/2}$ from theory are insufficient to match.
Plausible alternatives involve eccentricity damping during or after disk
dispersal. (Abridged)


title: A perturbative renormalization group approach to driven quantum systems

abstract:
  We use a perturbative momentum shell renormalization group (RG) approach to
study the properties of a driven quantum system at zero temperature. To
illustrate the technique, we consider a bosonic $\phi^4$ theory with an
arbitrary time dependent interaction parameter $\lambda(t)=\lambda f(\omega_0
t)$, where $\omega_0$ is the drive frequency and derive the RG equations for
the system using a Keldysh diagrammatic technique. We show that the scaling of
$\omega_0$ is analogous to that of temperature for a system in thermal
equilibrium and its presence provides a cutoff scale for the RG flow. We
analyze the resultant RG equations, derive an analytical condition for such a
drive to take the system out of the gaussian regime, and show that the onset of
the non-gaussian regime occurs concomitantly with appearance of
non-perturbative mode coupling terms in the effective action of the system. We
supplement the above-mentioned results by obtaining them from equations of
motions of the bosons and discuss their significance for systems near critical
points described by time-dependent Landau-Ginzburg theories.


title:
High-dimensional Feature Selection Using Hierarchical Bayesian Logistic
  Regression with Heavy-tailed Priors

abstract:
  The problem of selecting the most useful features from a great many (eg,
thousands) of candidates arises in many areas of modern sciences. An
interesting problem from genomic research is that, from thousands of genes that
are active (expressed) in certain tissue cells, we want to find the genes that
can be used to separate tissues of different classes (eg. cancer and normal).
In this paper, we report our empirical experiences of using Bayesian logistic
regression based on heavy-tailed priors with moderately small degree freedom
(such as 1) and very small scale, and using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to do
computation. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this method, and
illustrate the difficulties that remain unsolved. The method is applied to a
real microarray data set related to prostate cancer. The method identifies only
3 non-redundant genes out of 6033 candidates but achieves better leave-one-out
cross-validated prediction accuracy than many other methods.


title:
Non-equilibrium Transport in the Strange Metal and Pseudogap phases of
  the Cuprates

abstract:
  We propose that the non-equilibrium current measured in the $a-b$ plane of an
underdoped cuprate (in either the strange metal or pseudogap regime) in contact
with either an overdoped cuprate or a standard Fermi liquid can be used
diagnose how different the pseudogap and strange metals are from a Fermi
liquid. Naively one expects the strange metal to be more different from a Fermi
liquid than is the pseudogap. We compute the expected non-equilibrium transport
signal with the three Green functions that are available in the literature: 1)
marginal Fermi liquid theory, 2) the phenomenological ansatz for the pseudogap
regime and 3) the Wilsonian reduction of the Hubbard model which contains both
the strange metal and pseudogap. All three give linear IV curves at low bias
voltages. Significant deviations from linearity at higher voltages obtain only
in the marginal Fermi liquid approach. The key finding, however, is that IV
curves for the strange metal/Fermi liquid contact that exceed that of the
pseudogap/Fermi liquid system. If this is borne out experimentally, this
implies that the strange metal is less orthogonal to a Fermi liquid than is the
pseudogap. Within the Wilsonian reduction of the Hubbard model, this result is
explained in terms of a composite-particle picture. Namely, the pseudogap
corresponds to a confinement transition of the charge degrees of freedom
present in the strange metal. In the strange metal the composite excitations
break up and electron quasiparticles scatter off bosons. The bosons here,
however, do not arise from phonons but from the charge degrees of freedom
responsible for dynamical spectral weight transfer.


title:
The molecular ISM in luminous infrared galaxies: a 3mm line survey of
  Arp 157

abstract:
  In this work we present a search for molecular line emission in the
interacting luminous infrared galaxy Arp 157 (NGC 520). We report the detection
of 19 different lines, from 12 different molecular species in our 3mm line
survey and supporting 2mm and 1mm observations. We investigated the profiles of
the detected lines, and find all species show asymmetric emission lines, with
profiles that differ systematically as a function of critical density. We
derive the physical conditions within the gas reservoir of this system using
isotope ratios, an excitation analysis, and rotation diagrams. We suggest that
in this source we are observing a warm (Tex > 23K) edge-on, asymmetric
starburst ring, plus a less dense central molecular component, which is more
optically thin. We compare our molecular abundances with several well studied
galaxies, and with Galactic regions, in order to determine the primary driver
of the chemistry in Arp 157. We highlight some significant differences between
the abundances of molecules in this source and in the more extreme
ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Arp 220. This suggests that different physical
mechanisms may become important in driving gas chemistry at different points in
the evolution of a merger induced starburst. Of the nearby galaxies we
considered, NGC 253 (whose nuclear chemistry is dominated by large-scale
shocks) and NGC 1068 (whose nuclear chemistry is X-ray dominated) have the most
similar molecular abundances to Arp 157. The Galactic region Sgr B2(OH) (where
shock desorption of ices is thought to be important) may also have similar
abundances to Arp 157. We hence postulate that shocks and/or the generation of
hard radiation fields by the ongoing merger (or a starburst wind), are driving
the molecular chemistry in Arp 157.


title: Cooperative amplification of energy transfer in plasmonic systems

abstract:
  We study cooperative effects in energy transfer (ET) from an ensemble of
donors to an acceptor near a plasmonic nanostructure. We demonstrate that in
cooperative regime ET takes place from plasmonic superradiant and subradiant
states rather than from individual donors leading to a significant increase of
ET efficiency. The cooperative amplification of ET relies on the large coupling
of superradiant states to external fields and on the slow decay rate of
subradiant states. We show that superradiant and subradiant ET mechanisms are
efficient in different energy domains and therefore can be utilized
independently. We present numerical results demonstrating the amplification
effect for a layer of donors and an acceptor on a spherical plasmonic
nanoparticle.


title: The unreasonable ubiquitousness of quasi-polynomials

abstract:
  A function g, with domain the natural numbers, is a quasi-polynomial if there
exists a period m and polynomials p_0,p_1,...,p_{m-1} such that g(t)=p_i(t) for
t=i mod m. Quasi-polynomials classically -- and "reasonably" -- appear in
Ehrhart theory and in other contexts where one examines a family of polyhedra,
parametrized by a variable t, and defined by linear inequalities of the form
a_1x_1+...+a_dx_d <= b(t).
  Recent results of Chen, Li, Sam; Calegari, Walker; and Roune, Woods show a
quasi-polynomial structure in several problems where the a_i are also allowed
to vary with t. We discuss these "unreasonable" results and conjecture a
general class of sets that exhibit various (eventual) quasi-polynomial
behaviors: sets S_t of d-tuples of natural numbers that are defined with
quantifiers ("for all", "there exists"), boolean operations (and, or, not), and
statements of the form a_1(t)x_1+...+a_d(t)x_d <= b(t), where a_i(t) and b(t)
are polynomials in t. These sets are a generalization of sets defined in the
Presburger arithmetic. We prove several relationships between our conjectures,
and we prove several special cases of the conjectures. The title is a play on
Eugene Wigner's "The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural
sciences''.


title: Local times for multifractional square Gaussian processes

abstract:
  We consider multifractional process given by double Ito--Wiener integrals,
which generalize the multifractional Rosenblatt process. We prove that this
process is continuous and has a square integrable local time.


title: Mechanical properties of hydrogen functionalized graphene allotropes

abstract:
  Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to investigate the
mechanical properties of hydrogen functionalized graphene allotropes (GAs) for
H-coverage spanning the entire range (0-100%). Four allotropes (graphyne,
cyclic graphene, octagonal graphene, and biphenylene) with larger unit lattice
size than graphene are considered. The effect of the degree of
functionalization and molecular structure on the Young's modulus and strength
are investigated, and the failure processes of some new GAs are reported for
the first time. We show that the mechanical properties of the hydrogenated GAs
deteriorate drastically with increasing H-coverage within the sensitive
threshold, beyond which the mechanical properties remain insensitive to the
increase in H-coverage. This drastic deterioration arises both from the
conversion of sp2 to sp3 bonding and easy rotation of unsupported sp3 bonds.
Allotropes with different lattice structures correspond to different sensitive
thresholds. The Young's moduli deterioration of fully hydrogenated allotropes
can be up to 70% smaller than that of the corresponding pristine structure.
Moreover the tensile strength shows an even larger drop of about 90% and higher
sensitivity to H-coverage even if it is small. Our results suggest that the
unique coverage-dependent deterioration of the mechanical properties must be
taken into account when analyzing the performance characteristics of
nanodevices fabricated from functionalized GAs.


title: Dynamics of a Liquid Crystal close to the Fr\'eedericksz transition

abstract:
  We report experimental and numerical evidences that the dynamics of the
director of a liquid crystal driven by an electric field close to the critical
point of the Fr\'eedericksz Transition(FT) is not described by a
Landau-Ginzburg (LG) equation as it is usually done in literature. The reasons
are related to the very crude approximations done to obtain this equation, to
the finite value of the anchoring energy and to small asymmetries on boundary
conditions. We also discuss the difference between the use of LG equation for
the statics and the dynamics. These results are useful in all cases where FT is
used as an example for other orientational transitions.


title: On finiteness properties of polynomial functors

abstract:
  We study finiteness properties, especially the noetherian property, the Krull
dimension and a variation of finite presentation, in categories of polynomial
functors from a small symmetric monoidal category whose unit is an initial
object to an abelian category (notion introduced in this general setting in the
work http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851869 joint with C. Vespa). We give
also an application to functors related to automorphisms of free groups.


title:
Correlation dynamics during a slow interaction quench in a
  one-dimensional Bose gas

abstract:
  We investigate the response of a one-dimensional Bose gas to a slow increase
of its interaction strength. We focus on the rich dynamics of equal-time
single-particle correlations treating the Lieb-Liniger model within a
bosonization approach and the Bose-Hubbard model using the time-dependent
density-matrix renormalization group method. For short distances, correlations
follow a power-law with distance with an exponent given by the adiabatic
approximation. In contrast, for long distances, correlations decay
algebraically with an exponent understood within the sudden quench
approximation. This long distance regime is separated from an intermediate
distance one by a generalized Lieb-Robinson criterion. At long times, in this
intermediate regime, bosonization predicts that single-particle correlations
decay following a stretched exponential. This latter regime is unconventional
as, for one-dimensional interacting systems, the decay of single-particle
correlations is usually algebraic within the Luttinger liquid picture. We
develop here an intuitive understanding for the propagation of correlations, in
terms of a generalized light-cone, applicable to a large variety of systems and
quench forms.


title: Particle Astrophysics in NASA's Long Duration Balloon Program

abstract:
  A century after Victor Hess' discovery of cosmic rays, balloon flights still
play a central role in the investigation of cosmic rays over nearly their
entire spectrum. We report on the current status of NASA balloon program for
particle astrophysics, with particular emphasis on the very successful
Antarctic long-duration balloon program, and new developments in the progress
toward ultra-long duration balloons.


title: Avoiding Negative Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics

abstract:
  As currently understood since its discovery, the bare Klein-Gordon theory
consists of negative quantum probabilities which are considered to be
physically meaningless if not outright obsolete. Despite this annoying setback,
these negative probabilities are what led the great Paul Dirac in 1928 to the
esoteric discovery of the Dirac Equation. The Dirac Equation led to one of the
greatest advances in our understanding of the physical world. In this reading,
we ask the seemingly senseless question, "Do negative probabilities exist in
quantum mechanics?" In an effort to answer this question, we arrive at the
conclusion that depending on the choice one makes of the quantum probability
current, one will obtain negative probabilities. We thus propose a new quantum
probability current of the Klein-Gordon theory. This quantum probability
current leads directly to positive definite quantum probabilities. Because
these negative probabilities are in the bare Klein-Gordon theory, intrinsically
a result of negative energies, the fact that we here arrive at a theory with
positive probabilities, means that negative energy particles are not to be
considered problematic as is the case in the bare Klein-Gordon theory. From an
abstract-objective stand-point; in comparison with positive energy particles,
the corollary is that negative energy particles should have equal chances to
exist. As to why these negative energy particles do not exist, this is
analogous to asking why is it that Dirac's antimatter does not exist in equal
proportions with matter. This problem of why negative energy particles do not
exist in equal proportions with positive energy particles is a problem that
needs to be solved by a future theory.


title:
New method of determination of the Fr\'eedericksz threshold based upon
  precise fluctuation measurement

abstract:
  In this paper we report a new method for determining the critical threshold
of the Fr\'eedericksz transition driven by an electric field. It is based on
the measurement of the amplitude of the molecule fluctuations as a function of
the voltage difference applied to a planar nematic cell. The precise
measurement of the director fluctuations of the liquid crystal is made possible
by the use of a very precise and sensitive polarization interferometer. The
great advantage of the method is that it does not depend on complex fits as it
is usually done in literature.


title: CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

abstract:
  The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary
Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of
unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have
revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In
this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the
CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like
oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements
of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization
zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in
red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.


title:
Parameter Estimation of Gravitational Waves from Nonprecessing BH-NS
  Inspirals with higher harmonics: Comparing MCMC posteriors to an Effective
  Fisher Matrix

abstract:
  Using the \texttt{lalinference} Markov-chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation
code, we examine two distinct nonprecessing black hole-neutron star (BH-NS)
binaries with and without higher-order harmonics. Our simulations suggest that
higher harmonics provide a minimal amount of additional information,
principally about source geometry. Higher harmonics do provide
disproportionately more information than expected from the signal power. Our
results compare favorably to the "effective Fisher matrix" approach.
Extrapolating using analytic scalings, we expect higher harmonics will provide
little new information about nonprecessing BH-NS binaries at the signal
amplitudes expected for the first few detections. Any study of subdominant
degrees of freedom in gravitational wave astronomy can adopt the tools
presented here ($V/V_{\rm prior}$ and $D_{KL}$) to assess whether new physics
is accessible (e.g., modifications of gravity; spin-orbit misalignment) and if
so precisely what information those new parameters provide. For
astrophysicists, we provide a concrete illustration of how well parameters of a
BH-NS binary can be measured, relevant to the astrophysical interpretation of
coincident EM and GW events (e.g., short GRBs). For our fiducial
initial-detector example, the individual masses can be determined to lie
between $7.11-11.48 M_\odot$ and $1.77-1.276M_\odot$ at greater than 99%
confidence, accounting for unknown BH spin. Assuming comparable control over
waveform systematics, future measurements of BH-NS binaries can constrain the
BH and perhaps NS mass distributions.


title: Measurement of Forward Jets at RHIC

abstract:
  We present first measurements of forward jet production from p(pol)+p
collisons at \sqrt{s}=500 GeV, including transverse single spin asymmetries.
These asymmetries are expected to be sensitive to spin-correlated transverse
momentum in the initial state, which is particularly interesting because it is
related to orbital angular momentum in the proton.


title: The Cross-Domain Re-interpretation of Artistic Ideas

abstract:
  The goal of this study was to investigate the translation of creative works
into other domains. We tested whether people were able to recognize which works
of art were inspired by which pieces of music. Three expert painters created
four paintings, each of which was the artist's interpretation of one of four
different pieces of instrumental music. Participants were able to identify
which paintings were inspired by which pieces of music at statistically
significant above chance levels. The findings support the hypothesis that
creative ideas can exist in an at least somewhat domain independent state of
potentiality and become more well defined as they are actualized in accordance
with the constraints of a particular domain.


title: The Recognizability of Authenticity

abstract:
  The goals of this research were to (1) determine if there is agreement both
amongst viewers, and between viewers and the performer, about the extent to
which performances are authentic, and (2) ascertain whether or not performers
and/or viewers can distinguish between authenticity and skill. An authentic
performance is one that is natural or genuine, while an inauthentic performance
feels faked, forced, or imitative. Study participants were asked to rate the
authenticity and skill level of a series of videotaped performances by dancers
and stand-up comedians. Performers also rated their own performances.
Authenticity ratings amongst viewers were significantly positively correlated.
Ratings between viewers and performers were not significant but all positive. A
higher correlation between ratings of both authenticity and skill of
performances for viewers than for performers suggests that viewers make less of
a distinction between authenticity and skill than performers. The relationship
between authenticity and creativity is discussed.


title: Light front distribution of the chiral condensate

abstract:
  The pseudoscalar projection of the pion's Poincare'-covariant Bethe-Salpeter
amplitude onto the light-front may be understood to provide the probability
distribution of the chiral condensate within the pion. Unlike the parton
distribution amplitudes usually considered and as befitting a collective
effect, this condensate distribution receives contributions from all Fock space
components of the pion's light-front wave-function. We compute this condensate
distribution using the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) framework and show the
result to be a model-independent feature of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our
analysis establishes that this condensate is concentrated in the neighbourhood
of the boundaries of the distribution's domain of support. It thereby confirms
the dominant role played by many-particle Fock states within the pion's
light-front wave function in generating the chiral condensate on the
light-front and verifies that light-front longitudinal zero modes do not play a
material role in that process.


title:
Combinatorial Dimensions: Indecomposability on Certain Local Finite
  Dimensional Trivial Extension Algebras

abstract:
  We study problems related to indecomposability of modules over certain local
finite dimensional trivial extension algebras. We do this by purely
combinatorial methods. We introduce the concepts of graph of cyclic modules, of
combinatorial dimension, and of fundamental combinatorial dimension of a
module. We use these concepts to establish, under favorable conditions,
criteria for the indecomposability of a module. We present categorifed versions
of these constructions and we use this categorical framework to establish
criteria for the indecomposability of modules of infinite rank.


title:
Neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis as a result of mixing between the He
  and C-O-Ne shells in core-collapse supernova

abstract:
  The nucleosynthesis yields from neutrino-induced spallation of 4He are
calculated in case of penetration of some 4He into the carbon-oxygen-neon
shell. The neutrino contribution to creation of the weak r-process component
becomes noticeable in case 4He is dragged down at radii R < 10^9 cm.


title: On Direct Sum Decompositions of Krull-Schmidt Artinian Modules

abstract:
  We study direct sum decompositions of modules satisfying the descending chain
condition on direct summands. We call modules satisfying this condition
Krull-Schmidt artinian. We prove that all direct sum decompositions of
Krull-Schmidt artinian modules refine into finite indecomposable direct sum
decompositions and we prove that this condition is strictly stronger than the
condition of a module admitting finite indecomposable direct sum
decompositions. We also study the problem of existence and uniqueness of direct
sum decompositions of Krull-Schmidt artinian modules in terms of given classes
of modules. We present also brief studies of direct sum decompositions of
modules with deviation on direct summands and of modules with finite
Krull-Schmidt length.


title:
Through the Eye of the Needle: Recent Advances in Understanding
  Biopolymer Translocation

abstract:
  In recent years polymer translocation, i.e., transport of polymeric molecules
through nanometer-sized pores and channels embedded in membranes, has witnessed
strong advances. It is now possible to observe single-molecule polymer dynamics
during the motion through channels with unprecedented spatial and temporal
resolution. These striking experimental studies have stimulated many
theoretical developments. In this short theory-experiment review, we discuss
recent progress in this field with a strong focus on non-equilibrium aspects of
polymer dynamics during the translocation process.


title: Supersymmetry breaking in the three-dimensional nonlinear sigma model

abstract:
  In this work we discuss the phase structure of a deformed supersymmetric
nonlinear sigma model in a three-dimensional space-time. The deformation is
introduced by a term that breaks supersymmetry explicitly, through imposing a
slightly different constraint to the fundamental superfields of the model.
Using the tadpole method, we compute the effective potential at leading order
in 1/N expansion. From the gap equations, i.e., conditions that minimize the
effective potential, we observe that this model presents two phases as the
ordinary model, with two remarkable differences: 1) the fundamental fermionic
field becomes massive in both phases of the model, which is closely related to
the supersymmetry breaking term; 2) the O(N) symmetric phase presents a
meta-stable vacuum.


title:
Equations of motion of a relativistic charged particle with a curvature
  depending actions

abstract:
  We present an introduction to the study of a relativistic particle moving
under the influence of its own Frenet-Serret curvatures. With the aim of
introducing the notation and conventions used in this paper, we first recall
the action of a relativistic particle. We then suggest a mathematical
generalization of this action in the sense that now the action may include
terms of the curvatures of the world line generated by the particle in
Minkowski space-time. We go on to develop a pedagogical introduction to a
variational calculus which takes advantage of the Frenet-Serret equations for
the relativistic particle. Finally, we consider a relativistic particle coupled
to an electromagnetic field that is moving under the influence of its own
Frenet-Serret curvatures. Within this frame based on the Frenet-Serret basis,
we obtain the equations of motion for several curvature dependent actions of
interest in physics. Later, as an illustration of the formalism developed, we
consider the simplest case, that of a relativistic particle when no geometrical
action is included, in order to show (i) the equivalence of this formalism to
the Newton's second law with the Lorentz force and (ii) the integrability in
the case of a constant electromagnetic field.


title: Cops vs. Gambler

abstract:
  We consider a variation of cop vs.\ robber on graph in which the robber is
not restricted by the graph edges; instead, he picks a time-independent
probability distribution on $V(G)$ and moves according to this fixed
distribution. The cop moves from vertex to adjacent vertex with the goal of
minimizing expected capture time. Players move simultaneously. We show that
when the gambler's distribution is known, the expected capture time (with best
play) on any connected $n$-vertex graph is exactly $n$. We also give bounds on
the (generally greater) expected capture time when the gambler's distribution
is unknown to the cop.


title: Nonnegative rank of a matrix with one negative eigenvalue

abstract:
  We show that a rank-three symmetric matrix with exactly one negative
eigenvalue can have arbitrarily large nonnegative rank.


title: Topological non-symmorphic crystalline insulators

abstract:
  In this work, we identify a new class of Z2 topological insulator protected
by non-symmorphic crystalline symmetry, dubbed a "topological non-symmorphic
crystalline insulator". We construct a concrete tight-binding model with the
non-symmorphic space group pmg and confirm the topological nature of this model
by calculating topological surface states and defining a Z2 topological
invariant. Based on the projective representation theory, we extend our
discussion to other non-symmorphic space groups that allows to host topological
non-symmorphic crystalline insulators.


title: Invertibility and Robustness of Phaseless Reconstruction

abstract:
  This paper is concerned with the question of reconstructing a vector in a
finite-dimensional real Hilbert space when only the magnitudes of the
coefficients of the vector under a redundant linear map are known. We analyze
various Lipschitz bounds of the nonlinear analysis map and we establish
theoretical performance bounds of any reconstruction algorithm. We show that
robust and stable reconstruction requires additional redundancy than the
critical threshold.


title: High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Protons

abstract:
  As part of the Intensity Frontier effort within the 2013 Community Summer
Study, a workshop on the proton machine capabilities was held (High Intensity
Secondary Beams Driven by Proton Beams) April 17-20, 2013 at Brookhaven
National Laboratory in Upton, NY. Primary aims of the workshop were to
understand: 1) the beam requirements for proposed high intensity proton beam
based measurements; 2) the capabilities of existing world-wide high power
proton machines; 3) proton facility upgrade plans and proposals for new
facilities; 4) and to document the R&D needs for proton accelerators and target
systems needed to support proposed intensity frontier measurements. These
questions are addressed in this summary.


title:
Systematic study of the experimental measurements on ratios of different
  $\Upsilon$ states

abstract:
  The world data on yields and ratios of different $\Upsilon$ states created in
hadron collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 19-8000$ GeV are examined in systematic way.
We find that $\Upsilon(2S)/\Upsilon(1S)=0.275\pm0.005$ and
$\Upsilon(3S)/\Upsilon(1S)=0.128\pm0.004$. No signficant energy dependence of
these ratios are observed within the broad collision energies. In addition, the
rapidity, transverse momentum, and transverse mass dependence of these ratios
are also reported.


title:
The Method of Monotone Iterations for Mixed Monotone Operators in
  Partially Ordered Sets and Order-Attractive Fixed Points

abstract:
  We use the method of monotone iterations to obtain fixed point and coupled
fixed point results for mixed monotone operators in the setting of partially
ordered sets, with no additional assumptions on the partial order and with no
convergence structure. We define the concept of attractive fixed point with
respect to the partial order and obtain several criteria for the existence,
uniqueness and order-attractiveness of the fixed points, both in the presence
and in the absence of a coupled lower-upper fixed point. As an application, we
present a fixed point result for a class of mixed monotone operators in the
setting of ordered linear spaces.


title: Stable pairs on nodal K3 fibrations

abstract:
  We study Pandharipande-Thomas's stable pair theory on $K3$ fibrations over
curves with possibly nodal fibers. We describe stable pair invariants of the
fiberwise irreducible curve classes in terms of Kawai-Yoshioka's formula for
the Euler characteristics of moduli spaces of stable pairs on $K3$ surfaces and
Noether-Lefschetz numbers of the fibration. Moreover, we investigate the
relation of these invariants with the perverse (non-commutative) stable pair
invariants of the $K3$ fibration. In the case that the $K3$ fibration is a
projective Calabi-Yau threefold, by means of wall-crossing techniques, we write
the stable pair invariants in terms of the generalized Donaldson-Thomas
invariants of 2-dimensional Gieseker semistable sheaves supported on the
fibers.


title: Limits on strong FCNC top couplings at the LHC

abstract:
  The best limit on the strong FCNC anomalous couplings was obtained using the
direct top production process at the Large Hadron Collider by the ATLAS
collaboration. We perform a similar analysis but using a next-to-leading order
generator, MEtop. We then show how the limits could be improved if the FCNC
single top process $pp \to tj$ would be included as signal. Finally we discuss
a slightly modified analysis with an extra hard jet in the final state.


title:
Dissipation signatures of the normal and superfluid phases in torsion
  pendulum experiments with 3He in aerogel

abstract:
  We present data for energy dissipation factor (Q^{-1}) over a broad
temperature range at various pressures of a torsion pendulum setup used to
study 3He confined in a 98% open silica aerogel. Values for Q^{-1} above T_c
are temperature independent and have a weak pressure dependence. Below T_c, a
deliberate axial compression of the aerogel by 10% widens the range of
metastability for a superfluid Equal Spin Pairing (ESP) state; we observe this
ESP phase on cooling and the B phase on warming over an extended temperature
region. While the dissipation for the B phase tends to zero as T goes to 0,
Q^{-1} exhibits a peak value greater than that at T_c at intermediate
temperatures. Values for Q^{-1} in the ESP phase are consistently higher than
in the B phase and are proportional to \rho_s/\rho until the ESP to B phase
transition is attained. We apply a viscoelastic collision-drag model, which
couples the motion of the helium and the aerogel through a frictional
relaxation time \tau_f. Our dissipation data is not sensitive to the damping
due to the presumed small but non-zero value of \tau_f. The result is that an
additional mechanism to dissipate energy not captured in the collision-drag
model and related to the emergence of the superfluid order must exist. The
extra dissipation below T_c is possibly associated with mutual friction between
the superfluid phases and the clamped normal fluid. The pressure dependence of
the measured dissipation in both superfluid phases is likely related to the
pressure dependence of the gap structure of the "dirty" superfluid. The large
dissipation in the ESP state is consistent with the phase being the A or the
Polar with the order parameter nodes oriented in the plane of the cell and
perpendicular to the aerogel anisotropy axis.


title: The environments of luminous radio galaxies and type-2 quasars

abstract:
  We present the results of a comparison between the environments of 1) a
complete sample of 46 southern 2Jy radio galaxies at intermediate redshifts
(0.05 < z < 0.7), 2) a complete sample of 20 radio-quiet type-2 quasars (0.3 <
z < 0.41), and 3) a control sample of 107 quiescent early-type galaxies at 0.2
< z < 0.7 in the Extended Groth Strip (EGS). The environments have been
quantified using angular clustering amplitudes (Bgq) derived from deep optical
imaging data. Based on these comparisons, we discuss the role of the
environment in the triggering of powerful radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars.
When we compare the Bgq distributions of the type-2 quasars and quiescent
early-type galaxies, we find no significant difference between them. This is
consistent with the radio-quiet quasar phase being a short-lived but ubiquitous
stage in the formation of all massive early-type galaxies. On the other hand,
PRGs are in denser environments than the quiescent population, and this
difference between distributions of Bgq is significant at the 3 sigma level.
This result supports a physical origin of radio loudness, with high density gas
environments favouring the transformation of AGN power into radio luminosity,
or alternatively, affecting the properties of the supermassive black holes
themselves. Finally, focussing on the radio-loud sources only, we find that the
clustering of weak-line radio galaxies (WLRGs) is higher than the strong-line
radio galaxies (SLRGs), constituting a 3 sigma result. 82% of the 2Jy WLRGs are
in clusters, according to our definition (Bgq > 400) versus only 31% of the
SLRGs.


title: Hot methane line lists for exoplanet and brown dwarf atmospheres

abstract:
  We present comprehensive experimental line lists of methane (CH4) at high
temperatures obtained by recording Fourier transform infrared emission spectra.
Calibrated line lists are presented for the temperatures 300 - 1400 degC at
twelve 100 degC intervals spanning the 960 - 5000 cm-1 (2.0 - 10.4 microns)
region of the infrared. This range encompasses the dyad, pentad and octad
regions, i.e., all fundamental vibrational modes along with a number of
combination, overtone and hot bands. Using our CH4 spectra, we have estimated
empirical lower state energies (Elow in cm-1) and our values have been
incorporated into the line lists along with line positions (cm-1) and
calibrated line intensities (S' in cm molecule-1). We expect our hot CH4 line
lists to find direct application in the modeling of planetary atmospheres and
brown dwarfs.


title:
RR Lyrae variables: visual and infrared luminosities, intrinsic colours,
  and kinematics

abstract:
  We use UCAC4 proper motions and WISE W1-band apparent magnitudes
intensity-mean for almost 400 field RR Lyrae variables to determine the
parameters of the velocity distribution of Galactic RR Lyrae population and
constrain the zero points of the metallicity-<MV> relation and those of the
period-metallicity-<MKs>-band and period-metallicity-<MW1>-band luminosity
relations via statistical parallax. We find the mean velocities of the halo-
and thick-disc RR Lyrae populations in the solar neighbourhood to be (U0(Halo),
V0(Halo), W0(Halo)) = (-7 +/- 9, -214 +/- 10, -10 +/- 6) km/s and (U0(Disc),
V0(Disc), W0(Disc)) =(-13 +/- 7, -37 +/- 6, -17 +/- 4) km/s, respectively, and
the corresponding components of the velocity-dispersion ellipsoids, (sigma
VR(Halo), sigma Vphi(Halo), sigma Vtheta(Halo)) = (153 +/- 9, 101 +/- 6, 96 +/-
5) km/s and (sigma VR(Disc), sigma Vphi(Disc), sigma Vtheta(Disc)) = (46 +/- 7,
37 +/- 5, 27 +/- 4) km/s, respectively. The fraction of thick-disc stars is
estimated at 0.22 +/- 0.03. The corrected IR period-metallicity-luminosity
relations are <MKs> = -0.769 +0.088 [Fe/H]- 2.33 mathoprm log PF and <MW1> =
-0.825 + 0.088 [Fe/H] -2.33 mathoprm log PF, and the optical
metallicity-luminosity relation, [Fe/H]-<MV>, is <MV> = +1.094 + 0.232 [Fe/H],
with a standard error of +/- 0.089, implying an LMC distance modulus of 18.32
+/- 0.09, a solar Galactocentric distance of 7.73 +/- 0.36 kpc, and the M31 and
M33 distance moduli of DM(M31) = 24.24 +/- 0.09 (D = 705 +/- 30 kpc) and
DM(M33) = 24.36 +/- 0.09 (D = 745 +/- 31 kpc), respectively. Extragalactic
distances calibrated with our RR Lyrae star luminosity scale imply a Hubble
constant of ~80 km/s/Mpc. Our results suggest marginal prograde rotation for
the population of halo RR Lyraes in the Milky Way.


title:
An observational correlation between stellar brightness variations and
  surface gravity

abstract:
  Surface gravity is one of a star's basic properties, but it is difficult to
measure accurately, with typical uncertainties of 25-50 per cent if measured
spectroscopically and 90-150 per cent photometrically. Asteroseismology
measures gravity with an uncertainty of about two per cent but is restricted to
relatively small samples of bright stars, most of which are giants. The
availability of high-precision measurements of brightness variations for
>150,000 stars provides an opportunity to investigate whether the variations
can be used to determine surface gravities. The Fourier power of granulation on
a star's surface correlates physically with surface gravity; if brightness
variations on timescales of hours arise from granulation, then such variations
should correlate with surface gravity. Here we report an analysis of archival
data that reveals an observational correlation between surface gravity and the
root-mean-square brightness variations on timescales of less than eight hours
for stars with temperatures of 4500-6750K, log of surface gravities of 2.5-4.5
(cgs units), and having overall brightness variations <3 parts per thousand. A
straightforward observation of optical brightness variations therefore allows a
determination of the surface gravity with a precision of <25 percent for
inactive Sun-like stars at main-sequence to giant stages of evolution.


title:
Numerical evolutions of fields on the 2-sphere using a spectral method
  based on spin-weighted spherical harmonics

abstract:
  Many applications in science call for the numerical simulation of systems on
manifolds with spherical topology. Through use of integer spin weighted
spherical harmonics we present a method which allows for the implementation of
arbitrary tensorial evolution equations. Our method combines two numerical
techniques that were originally developed with different applications in mind.
The first is Huffenberger and Wandelt's spectral decomposition algorithm to
perform the mapping from physical to spectral space. The second is the
application of Luscombe and Luban's method, to convert numerically divergent
linear recursions into stable nonlinear recursions, to the calculation of
reduced Wigner d-functions. We give a detailed discussion of the theory and
numerical implementation of our algorithm. The properties of our method are
investigated by solving the scalar and vectorial advection equation on the
sphere, as well as the 2+1 Maxwell equations on a deformed sphere.


title: Squeezed States and Hermite polynomials in a Complex Variable

abstract:
  Following the lines of the recent paper of J.-P. Gazeau and F. H. Szafraniec
[J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44, 495201 (2011)], we construct here three types of
coherent states, related to the Hermite polynomials in a complex variable which
are orthogonal with respect to a non-rotationally invariant measure. We
investigate relations between these coherent states and obtain the relationship
between them and the squeezed states of quantum optics. We also obtain a second
realization of the canonical coherent states in the Bargmann space of analytic
functions, in terms of a squeezed basis. All this is done in the flavor of the
classical approach of V. Bargmann [Commun. Pur. Appl. Math. 14, 187 (1961)].


title:
Quantum Control in the Cs 6S_{1/2} Ground Manifold Using rf and {\mu}w
  Magnetic Fields

abstract:
  We implement arbitrary maps between pure states in the 16-dimensional Hilbert
space associated with the ground electronic manifold of Cs. This is
accomplished by driving atoms with phase modulated rf and {\mu}w fields, using
modulation waveforms found via numerical optimization and designed to work
robustly in the presence of imperfections. We evaluate the performance of a
sample of randomly chosen state maps by randomized benchmarking, obtaining an
average fidelity >99%. Our protocol advances state-of-the-art quantum control
and has immediate applications in quantum metrology and tomography.


title:
Global Solutions to Nonconvex Optimization of 4th-Order Polynomial and
  Log-Sum-Exp Functions

abstract:
  This paper presents a canonical dual approach for solving a nonconvex global
optimization problem governed by a sum of fourth-order polynomial and a
log-sum-exp function. Such a problem arises extensively in engineering and
sciences. Based on the canonical duality-triality theory, this nonconvex
problem is transformed to an equivalent dual problem, which can be solved
easily under certain conditions. We proved that both global minimizer and the
biggest local extrema of the primal problem can be obtained analytically from
the canonical dual solutions. As two special cases, a quartic polynomial
minimization and a minimax problem are discussed. Existence conditions are
derived, which can be used to classify easy and relative hard instances.
Applications are illustrated by several nonconvex and nonsmooth examples.


title: Profinite MV-algebras

abstract:
  We characterize all profinite MV-algebras, these are MV-algebras that are
inverse limits of finite MV-algebras. It is shown that these are exactly direct
product of finite \L ukasiewicz's chains. We also prove that the category
$\mathbb{M}$ of multisets is dually equivalent to the category $\mathbb{P}$ of
profinite MV-algebras and homomorphisms that reflect principal maximal ideals.
Thus generalizing the corresponding result for finite MV-algebras, and finite
multisets.


title: Foundations of Rigid Geometry I

abstract:
  In this research oriented manuscript, foundational aspects of rigid geometry
are discussed, putting emphasis on birational side of formal schemes and
topological feature of rigid spaces. Besides the rigid geometry itself, topics
include the general theory of formal schemes and formal algebraic spaces, based
on a theory of complete rings which are not necessarily Noetherian (cf.
introduction). The manuscript is encyclopedic and almost self-contained, and
contains plenty of new results. A discussion on relationship with J. Tate's
rigid analytic geometry, V. Berkovich's analytic geometry and R. Huber's adic
spaces is also included. As a model example of applications, a proof of
Nagata's compactification theorem for schemes is given in the appendix. 5th
version (Feb. 28, 2017): minor changes.


title: Global existence for two extended Navier-Stokes systems

abstract:
  We prove global existence of weak solutions to two systems of equations which
extend the dynamics of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous
flow with no-slip boundary condition. The systems of equations we consider
arise as formal limits of time discrete pressure-Poisson schemes introduced by
Johnston and Liu (J. Comp. Phys. 199 (2004) 221-259) and by Shirokoff and
Rosales (J Comp. Phys 230 (2011) 8619-8646) when the initial data does not
satisfy the required compatibility condition. Unlike the results of Iyer et al
(J. Math. Phys. 53 (2012) 115605), our approach proves existence of weak
solutions in domains with less than C^1 regularity. Our approach also addresses
uniqueness in 2D and higher regularity.


title:
Comparison of the Color Glass Condensate to multiplicity dependence of
  the average transverse momentum in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

abstract:
  The first moment <p_T> of the charged-particle transverse momentum spectrum
and its correlation with the charged-particle multiplicity N_{ch} provide vital
information about the underlying particle production mechanism. The ALICE
collaboration recently reported that <p_T> versus N_{ch} in Pb+Pb collisions is
smaller than in p+p and p+Pb collisions. Other interesting features of data is
rather flatness of <p_T> at high N_{ch} in Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions in
seemingly striking contrast to the case of p+p collisions. With a detailed
calculation, we show all these peculiar features in a wide range of energies
and system sizes can be well described by the idea of gluon saturation within
the Color Glass Condensate framework using the k_T-factorization. This
establishes an important fact that the bulk of the produced particles in
heavy-ion collisions at the LHC carries signature of the initial stage of
collisions. We also show that the recent scaling property seen by the CMS
collaboration between the number of tracks in p+p and p+Pb collisions may
provide a strong evidence in favor of geometric-scaling phenomenon and gluon
saturation, indicating that the underlying dynamics of high multiplicity events
in p+p and p+Pb collisions should be similar.


title:
Coordinate-choice independent expression for drift orbit flux and
  flux-force relation in neoclassical toroidal viscosity theory

abstract:
  A coordinate-choice independent expression does not depend how the magnetic
surface is parametrized by (\theta,\zeta). Flux-force relation in neoclassical
toroidal viscosity(NTV) theory has been generalized in a coordinate-choice
independent way. The expression for the surface averaged drift orbit flux in
1/\nu regime is derived without the requirement of straight field line
coordinates. The resulted formula is insensitive to how the magnetic surface is
parametrized and broadens the cases where flux-force relation can be applied.
Construction of straight field line coordinates is avoided when the formula is
used for numerical computation.


title: Dirac operators on noncommutative principal torus bundles

abstract:
  Spectral triples over noncommutative principal $\T^n$-bundles are studied,
extending recent results about the noncommutative geometry of principal
U(1)-bundles. We relate the noncommutative geometry of the total space of the
bundle with the geometry of the base space. Moreover, strong connections are
used to build new Dirac operators. We discuss as a particular case the
commutative case, the noncommutative tori and theta deformed manifolds.


title:
Unique continuation principle for high order equations of Korteweg-de
  Vries type

abstract:
  In this article we consider the problem of unique continuation for a class of
high order equations of Korteweg-de Vries type which include the kdV hierachy.
It is proved that if the difference w of two solutions of an equation of this
form has certain exponential decay for x>0 at two different times, then w is
identically zero.


title:
Asymmetry of collective excitations in electron and hole doped cuprate
  superconductors

abstract:
  High-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) mysteriously emerges upon doping
holes or electrons into insulating copper oxides with antiferromagnetic (AFM)
order. It has been thought that the large energy scale of magnetic excitations,
compared to phonon energies for example, lies at the heart of an
electronically-driven superconducting phase at high temperatures. However,
despite extensive studies, little information is available for comparison of
high-energy magnetic excitations of hole- and electron-doped superconductors to
assess a possible correlation with the respective superconducting transition
temperatures. Here, we use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Cu
L3-edge to reveal high-energy collective excitations in the archetype
electron-doped cuprate Nd2-xCexCuO4 (NCCO). Surprisingly, despite the fact that
the spin stiffness is zero and the AFM correlations are short-ranged, magnetic
excitations harden significantly across the AFM-HTSC phase boundary, in stark
contrast with the hole-doped cuprates. Furthermore, we find an unexpected and
highly dispersive mode in superconducting NCCO that is undetected in the
hole-doped compounds, which emanates from the zone center with a characteristic
energy comparable to the pseudogap, and may signal a quantum phase distinct
from superconductivity. The uncovered asymmetry in the high-energy collective
excitations with respect to hole and electron doping provides additional
constraints for modeling the HTSC cuprates.


title:
Measurement of a solid-state triple point at the metal-insulator
  transition in VO2

abstract:
  First-order phase transitions in solids are notoriously challenging to study.
The combination of change in unit cell shape, long range of elastic distortion,
and flow of latent heat leads to large energy barriers resulting in domain
structure, hysteresis, and cracking. The situation is still worse near a triple
point where more than two phases are involved. The famous metal-insulator
transition (MIT) in vanadium dioxide, a popular candidate for ultrafast optical
and electrical switching applications, is a case in point. Even though VO2 is
one of the simplest strongly correlated materials, experimental difficulties
posed by the first-order nature of the MIT as well as the involvement of at
least two competing insulating phases have led to persistent controversy about
its nature. Here, we show that studying single-crystal VO2 nanobeams in a
purpose-built nanomechanical strain apparatus allows investigation of this
prototypical phase transition with unprecedented control and precision. Our
results include the striking finding that the triple point of the metallic and
two insulating phases is at the transition temperature, T_tr = T_c, which we
determine to be 65.0 +- 0.1 C. The findings have profound implications for the
mechanism of the MIT in VO2, but in addition they demonstrate the importance of
such an approach for mastering phase transitions in many other strongly
correlated materials, such as manganites and iron-based superconductors.


title:
An Introduction to the Inverse Quantum Bound State Problem in One
  Dimension

abstract:
  A technique to reconstruct one-dimensional, reflectionless potentials and the
associated quantum wave functions starting from a finite number of known energy
spectra is discussed. The method is demonstrated using spectra that scale like
the lowest energy states of standard problems encountered in the undergraduate
curriculum such as: the infinite square well, the simple harmonic oscillator,
and the one-dimensional hydrogen atom.


title: Quasi-valuations and algebras over valuation domains

abstract:
  Suppose $F$ is a field with valuation $v$ and valuation domain $O_{v}$, and
$R$ is an $O_{v}-$algebra. We prove that $R$ satisfies SGB (strong going
between) over $O_{v}$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for $R$ to
satisfy LO (lying over) over $O_{v}$. Using the filter \qv constructed in
[Sa1], we show that if $R$ is torsion-free over $O_{v}$ then $R$ satisfies GD
(going down) over $O_{v}$. In particular, if $R$ is torsion-free and
$(R^{\times} \cap O_{v}) \subseteq O_{v}^{\times}$, then for any chain in
$\text{Spec}(O_v)$ there exists a chain in $\text{Spec}(R)$ covering it.
  Assuming $R$ is torsion-free over $O_{v}$ and $[R \otimes_{O_{v}}F:F]<
\infty$, we prove that $R$ satisfies INC (incomparabilty) over $O_{v}$.
Assuming in addition that $(R^{\times} \cap O_{v}) \subseteq O_{v}^{\times}$,
we deduce that $R$ and $O_{v}$ have the same Krull dimension and a bound on the
size of the prime spectrum of $R$ is given.
  Under certain assumptions on $R$ and a \qv defined on it, we prove that the
\qv ring satisfies GU (going up) over $O_{v}$. Combining these five properties
together, we deduce that any maximal chain of prime ideals of the \qv ring is
lying over $\text{Spec}(O_{v})$, in a one-to-one correspondence.


title:
Finite part of operator K-theory for groups finitely embeddable into
  Hilbert space and the degree of non-rigidity of manifolds

abstract:
  In this paper, we study lower bounds on the K-theory of the maximal
$C^*$-algebra of a discrete group based on the amount of torsion it contains.
We call this the finite part of the operator K-theory and give a lower bound
that is valid for a large class of groups, called the "finitely embeddable
groups". The class of finitely embeddable groups includes all residually finite
groups, amenable groups, Gromov's monster groups, virtually torsion free groups
(e.g. $Out(F_n)$), and any group of analytic diffeomorphisms of an analytic
connected manifold fixing a given point. It is an open question if every
countable group is finitely embeddable. We apply this result to measure the
degree of non-rigidity for any compact oriented manifold $M$ with dimension
$4k-1$ $(k>1)$. We derive a lower bound on the rank of the structure group
$S(M)$ in this case. For a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ with dimension
greater than or equal to 5 and positive scalar curvature metric, there is an
abelian group $P(M)$ that measures the size of the space of all positive scalar
curvature metrics on $M$. We obtain a lower bound on the rank of the abelian
group $P(M)$ when the compact smooth spin manifold $M$ has dimension $2k-1$
$(k>2)$ and the fundamental group of $M$ is finitely embeddable.


title:
Trace formula for linear Hamiltonian systems with its applications to
  elliptic Lagrangian solutions

abstract:
  In the present paper, we build up trace formulas for both the linear
Hamiltonian systems and Sturm-Liouville systems. The formula connects the
monodromy matrix of a symmetric periodic orbit with the infinite sum of
eigenvalues of the Hessian of the action functional. A natural application is
to study the non-degeneracy of linear Hamiltonian systems. Precisely, by the
trace formula, we can give an estimation for the upper bound such that the
non-degeneracy preserves. Moreover, we could estimate the relative Morse index
by the trace formula. Consequently, a series of new stability criteria for the
symmetric periodic orbits is given. As a concrete application, the trace
formula is used to study the linear stability of elliptic Lagrangian solutions
of the classical planar three-body problem. It is well known that the linear
stability of elliptic Lagrangian solutions depends on the mass parameter
$\bb=27(m_1m_2+m_2m_3+m_3m_1)/(m_1+m_2+m_3)^2\in [0,9]$ and the eccentricity
$e\in [0,1)$. Based on the trace formula, we estimate the stable region and
hyperbolic region of the elliptic Lagranian solutions.


title:
Polarized currents and spatial separation of Kondo state: NRG study of
  spin-orbital effect in a double QD

abstract:
  A double quantum dot device, connected to two channels that only see each
other through interdot Coulomb repulsion, is analyzed using the numerical
renormalization group technique. By using a two-impurity Anderson model, and
parameter values obtained from experiment [S. Amasha {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev.
Lett. {\bf 110}, 046604 (2013)], it is shown that, by applying a moderate
magnetic field, and adjusting the gate potential of each quantum dot, opposing
spin polarizations are created in each channel. Furthermore, through a well
defined change in the gate potentials, the polarizations can be reversed. This
polarization effect is clearly associated to a spin-orbital Kondo state having
a Kondo peak that originates from spatially separated parts of the device. This
fact opens the exciting possibility of experimentally probing the internal
structure of an SU(2) Kondo state.


title:
Joint modeling of multiple time series via the beta process with
  application to motion capture segmentation

abstract:
  We propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach to the problem of jointly
modeling multiple related time series. Our model discovers a latent set of
dynamical behaviors shared among the sequences, and segments each time series
into regions defined by a subset of these behaviors. Using a beta process
prior, the size of the behavior set and the sharing pattern are both inferred
from data. We develop Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods based on the
Indian buffet process representation of the predictive distribution of the beta
process. Our MCMC inference algorithm efficiently adds and removes behaviors
via novel split-merge moves as well as data-driven birth and death proposals,
avoiding the need to consider a truncated model. We demonstrate promising
results on unsupervised segmentation of human motion capture data.


title:
Charge-Resistance Approach to Benchmarking Performance of Beyond-CMOS
  Information Processing Devices

abstract:
  Multiple beyond-CMOS information processing devices are presently under
active research and require methods of benchmarking them. A new approach for
calculating the performance metric, energy-delay product, of such devices is
proposed. The approach involves estimating the device properties of resistance
and switching charge, rather than dynamic evolution characteristics, such as
switching energy and time. Application of this approach to a wide class of
charge-based and non-charge based devices is discussed. The approach suggests
pathways for improving the performance of beyond-CMOS devices and a new
realistic limit for energy-delay product in terms of the Planks constant.


title:
Effects of surface structure deformation on static friction at fractal
  interfaces

abstract:
  The evolution of fractal surface structures with flattening of asperities was
investigated using isotropically roughened aluminium surfaces loaded in
compression. It was found that asperity amplitude, mean roughness and fractal
dimension decrease through increased compressive stress and number of loading
events. Of the samples tested, surfaces subjected to an increased number of
loading events exhibited the most significant surface deformation and were
observed to exhibit higher levels of static friction at an interface with a
single crystal flat quartz substrate. This suggests that the frequency of grain
reorganisation events in geomaterials plays an important role in the
development of intergranular friction. Fractal surfaces were numerically
modelled using Weierstrass- Mandelbrot based functions. From the study of
frictional interactions with rigid flat opposing surfaces it was apparent that
the effect of surface fractal dimension is more significant with increasing
dominance of adhesive mechanisms.