title: Scalar Field Cosmology -- Geometry of Dynamics

abstract:
  We study the Scalar Field Cosmology (SFC) using the geometric language of the
phase space. We define and study an ensemble of dynamical systems as a Banach
space with a Sobolev metric. The metric in the ensemble is used to measure a
distance between different models. We point out the advantages of visualisation
of dynamics in the phase space. It is investigated the genericity of some class
of models in the context of fine tuning of the form of the potential function
in the ensemble of SFC.
  We also study the symmetries of dynamical systems of SFC by searching for
their exact solutions. In this context we stressed the importance of scaling
solutions. It is demonstrated that scaling solutions in the phase space are
represented by unstable separatrices of the saddle points. Only critical point
itself located on two dimensional stable submanifold can be identified as
scaling solution. We have also found a class of potentials of the scalar fields
forced by the symmetry of differential equation describing the evolution of the
universe. A class of potentials forced by scaling (homology) symmetries was
given. We point out the role of the notion of a structural stability in the
context of the problem of indetermination of the potential form of the Scalar
Field Cosmology. We characterise also the class of potentials which reproduces
the \Lambda CDM model, which is known to be structurally stable. We show that
the structural stability issue can be effectively used is selection of the
scalar field potential function. This enables us to characterise a structurally
stable and therefore a generic class of SFC models. We have found a nonempty
and dense subset of structurally stable models. We show that these models
possess symmetry of homology.


title:
A molecular mechanism for the water-hydroxyl balance during wetting of
  TiO2

abstract:
  We show that the formation of the wetting layer and the experimentally
observed continuous shift of the H2O-OH balance towards molecular water at
increasing coverage on a TiO2(110) surface can be rationalized on a molecular
level. The mechanism is based on the initial formation of stable hydroxyl
pairs, a repulsive interaction between these pairs and an attractive
interaction with respect to water molecules. The experimental data are obtained
by synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy and interpreted with the
aid of density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.


title:
Persistent current of relativistic electrons on a Dirac ring in presence
  of impurities

abstract:
  We study the behavior of persistent current of relativistic electrons on a
one dimensional ring in presence of attractive/repulsive scattering potentials.
In particular, we investigate the persistent current in accordance with the
strength as well as the number of the scattering potential. We find that in
presence of single scatterer the persistent current becomes smaller in
magnitude than the scattering free scenario. This behaviour is similar to the
non-relativistic case. Even for a very strong scattering potential, finite
amount of persistent current remains for a relativistic ring. In presence of
multiple scatterer we observe that the persistent current is maximum when the
scatterers are placed uniformly compared to the current averaged over random
configurations. However if we increase the number of scatterers, we find that
the random averaged current increases with the number of scatterers. The latter
behaviour is in contrast to the non-relativistic case.


title:
Collective coordinate approximation to the scattering of solitons in the
  (1+1) dimensional NLS model

abstract:
  We present a collective coordinate approximation to model the dynamics of two
interacting nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) solitons. We discuss the accuracy of
this approximation by comparing our results to those of the full numerical
simulations and find that it is remarkably accurate not only when the solitons
are some distance apart but also during their interaction.


title: A symbolic calculus for Fourier integral operators

abstract:
  The paper develops a symbolic calculus for Fourier integral operators
associated with canonical transformations.


title:
Comments on "Chens attractor exists if Lorenz repulsor exists: The Chen
  system is a special case of the Lorenz system", CHAOS 23, 033108, 2013

abstract: This note points out that the assertions of [1] are groundless and incorrect.


title:
Search for microscopic black holes in a like-sign dimuon final state
  using large track multiplicity with the ATLAS detector

abstract:
  A search is presented for microscopic black holes in a like-sign dimuon final
state in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)= 8 TeV. The data were collected
with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 and correspond to
an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1. Using a high track multiplicity
requirement, 0.6 +- 0.2 background events from Standard Model processes are
predicted and none observed. This result is interpreted in the context of
low-scale gravity models and 95% CL lower limits on microscopic black hole
masses are set for different model assumptions.


title:
CMISTARK: Python package for the Stark-effect calculation and symmetry
  classification of linear, symmetric and asymmetric top wavefunctions in dc
  electric fields

abstract:
  The Controlled Molecule Imaging group (CMI) at the Center for Free Electron
Laser Science (CFEL) has developed the CMIstark software to calculate, view,
and analyze the energy levels of adiabatic Stark energy curves of linear,
symmetric top and asymmetric top molecules. The program exploits the symmetry
of the Hamiltonian to generate fully labeled adiabatic Stark energy curves.
CMIstark is written in Python and easily extendable, while the core numer- ical
calculations make use of machine optimized BLAS and LAPACK routines. Calculated
energies are stored in HDF5 files for convenient access and programs to extract
ASCII data or to generate graphical plots are provided.


title:
Support Recovery for the Drift Coefficient of High-Dimensional
  Diffusions

abstract:
  Consider the problem of learning the drift coefficient of a $p$-dimensional
stochastic differential equation from a sample path of length $T$. We assume
that the drift is parametrized by a high-dimensional vector, and study the
support recovery problem when both $p$ and $T$ can tend to infinity. In
particular, we prove a general lower bound on the sample-complexity $T$ by
using a characterization of mutual information as a time integral of
conditional variance, due to Kadota, Zakai, and Ziv. For linear stochastic
differential equations, the drift coefficient is parametrized by a $p\times p$
matrix which describes which degrees of freedom interact under the dynamics. In
this case, we analyze a $\ell_1$-regularized least squares estimator and prove
an upper bound on $T$ that nearly matches the lower bound on specific classes
of sparse matrices.

categories: cs.IT cs.LG math.IT math.PR math.ST stat.TH


title: Lower bounds for the counting function of integral operators

abstract:
  The paper presents a lower bound for the number of negative eigenvalues of an
integral operator with continuous kernel K lying below a nonpositive number t.
The estimate is given in terms of some integrals of K.


title:
Network estimation in State Space Model with L1-regularization
  constraint

abstract:
  Biological networks have arisen as an attractive paradigm of genomic science
ever since the introduction of large scale genomic technologies which carried
the promise of elucidating the relationship in functional genomics. Microarray
technologies coupled with appropriate mathematical or statistical models have
made it possible to identify dynamic regulatory networks or to measure time
course of the expression level of many genes simultaneously. However one of the
few limitations fall on the high-dimensional nature of such data coupled with
the fact that these gene expression data are known to include some hidden
process. In that regards, we are concerned with deriving a method for inferring
a sparse dynamic network in a high dimensional data setting. We assume that the
observations are noisy measurements of gene expression in the form of mRNAs,
whose dynamics can be described by some unknown or hidden process. We build an
input-dependent linear state space model from these hidden states and
demonstrate how an incorporated $L_{1}$ regularization constraint in an
Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm can be used to reverse engineer
transcriptional networks from gene expression profiling data. This corresponds
to estimating the model interaction parameters. The proposed method is
illustrated on time-course microarray data obtained from a well established
T-cell data. At the optimum tuning parameters we found genes TRAF5, JUND, CDK4,
CASP4, CD69, and C3X1 to have higher number of inwards directed connections and
FYB, CCNA2, AKT1 and CASP8 to be genes with higher number of outwards directed
connections. We recommend these genes to be object for further investigation.
Caspase 4 is also found to activate the expression of JunD which in turn
represses the cell cycle regulator CDC2.


title:
The abundances of hydrocarbon functional groups in the interstellar
  medium inferred from laboratory spectra of hydrogenated and methylated
  polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

abstract:
  Infrared (IR) absorption spectra of individual polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing methyl (-CH3), methylene (>CH2), or diamond-like
*CH groups and IR spectra of mixtures of methylated and hydrogenated PAHs
prepared by gas phase condensation were measured at room temperature (as grains
in pellets) and at low temperature (isolated in Ne matrices). In addition, the
PAH blends were subjected to an in-depth molecular structure analysis by means
of high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometry. Supported by calculations at the density functional theory
level, the laboratory results were applied to analyze in detail the aliphatic
absorption complex of the diffuse interstellar medium at 3.4 mu-m and to
determine the abundances of hydrocarbon functional groups. Assuming that the
PAHs are mainly locked in grains, aliphatic CHx groups (x = 1,2,3) would
contribute approximately in equal quantities to the 3.4 mu-m feature (N_{CHx} /
N_{H} approx 10^{-5} - 2 * 10^{-5}). The abundances, however, may be two to
four times lower if a major contribution to the 3.4 mu-m feature comes from
molecules in the gas phase. Aromatic =CH groups seem to be almost absent from
some lines of sight, but can be nearly as abundant as each of the aliphatic
components in other directions (N_{=CH} / N_{H} < 2 * 10^{-5}; upper value for
grains). Due to comparatively low binding energies, astronomical IR emission
sources do not display such heavy excess hydrogenation. At best, especially in
proto-planetary nebulae, >CH2 groups bound to aromatic molecules, i.e., excess
hydrogens on the molecular periphery only, can survive the presence of a nearby
star.


title: m-Level rook placements

abstract:
  Goldman, Joichi, and White proved a beautiful theorem showing that the
falling factorial generating function for the rook numbers of a Ferrers board
factors over the integers. Briggs and Remmel studied an analogue of rook
placements where rows are replaced by sets of $m$ rows called levels. They
proved a version of the factorization theorem in that setting, but only for
certain Ferrers boards. We generalize this result to any Ferrers board as well
as giving a p,q-analogue. We also consider a dual situation involving weighted
file placements which permit more than one rook in the same row. In both
settings, we discuss properties of the resulting equivalence classes such as
the number of elements in a class. In addition, we prove analogues of a theorem
of Foata and Sch\"utzenberger giving a distinguished representative in each
class as well as make connections with the q,t-Catalan numbers. We end with
some open questions raised by this work.


title:
Transverse momentum fluctuations and \Delta\eta-\Delta\phi correlations
  in p+p interactions at the CERN SPS energies

abstract:
  The NA61/SHINE experiment aims to discover the critical point of strongly
interacting matter and study the properties of the onset of deconfinement.
These goals are to be achieved by performing a two dimensional phase diagram
(T-\mu_B) scan by measurements of hadron production properties in
proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions as a function of
collision energy and system size. Close to the critical point an increase of
fluctuations is predicted. In this contribution preliminary results on
transverse momentum fluctuations and two-particle pseudorapidity/azimuthal
angle correlations from the NA61/SHINE energy scan of p+p collisions will be
presented. These new results will be compared with NA49 data on central Pb+Pb
collisions and model predictions.


title: Harmonic structures and intrinsic torsion

abstract:
  We discuss the construction of Sp(2)Sp(1)-structures whose fundamental form
is closed. In particular, we find 10 new examples of 8-dimensional nilmanifolds
that admit an invariant closed 4-form with stabiliser Sp(2)Sp(1). Our
constructions entail the notion of SO(4)-structures on 7-manifolds. We present
a thorough investigation of the intrinsic torsion of such structures, leading
to the construction of explicit Lie group examples with invariant intrinsic
torsion.


title:
A-optimal design of experiments for infinite-dimensional Bayesian linear
  inverse problems with regularized $\ell_0$-sparsification

abstract:
  We present an efficient method for computing A-optimal experimental designs
for infinite-dimensional Bayesian linear inverse problems governed by partial
differential equations (PDEs). Specifically, we address the problem of
optimizing the location of sensors (at which observational data are collected)
to minimize the uncertainty in the parameters estimated by solving the inverse
problem, where the uncertainty is expressed by the trace of the posterior
covariance. Computing optimal experimental designs (OEDs) is particularly
challenging for inverse problems governed by computationally expensive PDE
models with infinite-dimensional (or, after discretization, high-dimensional)
parameters. To alleviate the computational cost, we exploit the problem
structure and build a low-rank approximation of the parameter-to-observable
map, preconditioned with the square root of the prior covariance operator. This
relieves our method from expensive PDE solves when evaluating the optimal
experimental design objective function and its derivatives. Moreover, we employ
a randomized trace estimator for efficient evaluation of the OED objective
function. We control the sparsity of the sensor configuration by employing a
sequence of penalty functions that successively approximate the
$\ell_0$-"norm"; this results in binary designs that characterize optimal
sensor locations. We present numerical results for inference of the initial
condition from spatio-temporal observations in a time-dependent
advection-diffusion problem in two and three space dimensions. We find that an
optimal design can be computed at a cost, measured in number of forward PDE
solves, that is independent of the parameter and sensor dimensions. We
demonstrate numerically that $\ell_0$-sparsified experimental designs obtained
via a continuation method outperform $\ell_1$-sparsified designs.


title:
Reply to "Comment on 'Correlated electron-nuclear dynamics: Exact
  factorization of the molecular wavefunction' [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 22A530
  (2012) ]''

abstract:
  This is a reply to the comment by J. L. Alonso et al. (arXiv:1302.6146; to
appear in J. Chem. Phys) on our paper A. Abedi, N. T. Maitra, and E. K. U.
Gross, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 22A530 (2012) [arXiv: 1208.4388]


title: Physical properties of the eclipsing Delta Sct star KIC 10661783

abstract:
  KIC 10661783 is an eclipsing binary that shows Delta Sct-like oscillations.
More than 60 pulsation frequencies have been detected in its light curve as
observed by the Kepler satellite. We want to determine the fundamental stellar
and system parameters of the eclipsing binary as a precondition for
asteroseismic modelling of the pulsating component and to establish whether the
star is a semi-detached Algol-type system. We measured the radial velocities of
both components from new high-resolution spectra using TODCOR and compute the
orbit using PHOEBE. We used the KOREL program to decompose the observed spectra
into its components, and analysed the decomposed spectra to determine the
atmospheric parameters. For this, we developed a new computer program for the
normalisation of the KOREL output spectra. Fundamental stellar parameters are
determined by combining the spectroscopic results with those from the analysis
of the Kepler light curve. We obtain Teff, logg, vsini, and the absolute masses
and radii of the components, together with their flux ratio and separation.
Whereas the secondary star rotates synchronously with the orbital motion, the
primary star rotates subsynchronously by a factor of 0.75. The newly determined
mass ratio of 0.0911 is higher than previously thought and means a detached
configuration is required to fit the light curve. With its low orbital period
and very low mass ratio, the system shows characteristics of the R CMa-type
stars but differs from this group by being detached. Its current state is
assumed to be that of a detached post-Algol binary system with a pulsating
primary component.


title:
The Ranks of the Additive Semigroup Reduct of Affine Near-Semiring over
  Brandt Semigroup

abstract:
  This work investigates the rank properties of $A^+(B_n)$, the additive
semigroup reduct of affine near-semiring over Brandt semigroup $B_n$. In this
connection, this work reports the ranks $r_1$, $r_2$, $r_3$ and $r_5$ of
$A^+(B_n)$ and identifies a lower bound for the upper rank $r_4(A^+(B_n))$.
While this lower bound is found to be the $r_4(A^+(B_n))$ for $n \ge 6$, in
other cases where $2 \le n \le 5$, the upper rank of $A^+(B_n)$ is still open
for investigation.


title: Computing Real Roots of Real Polynomials

abstract:
  Computing the roots of a univariate polynomial is a fundamental and
long-studied problem of computational algebra with applications in mathematics,
engineering, computer science, and the natural sciences. For isolating as well
as for approximating all complex roots, the best algorithm known is based on an
almost optimal method for approximate polynomial factorization, introduced by
Pan in 2002. Pan's factorization algorithm goes back to the splitting circle
method from Schoenhage in 1982. The main drawbacks of Pan's method are that it
is quite involved and that all roots have to be computed at the same time. For
the important special case, where only the real roots have to be computed, much
simpler methods are used in practice; however, they considerably lag behind
Pan's method with respect to complexity.
  In this paper, we resolve this discrepancy by introducing a hybrid of the
Descartes method and Newton iteration, denoted ANEWDSC, which is simpler than
Pan's method, but achieves a run-time comparable to it. Our algorithm computes
isolating intervals for the real roots of any real square-free polynomial,
given by an oracle that provides arbitrary good approximations of the
polynomial's coefficients. ANEWDSC can also be used to only isolate the roots
in a given interval and to refine the isolating intervals to an arbitrary small
size; it achieves near optimal complexity for the latter task.


title: Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Light in a Microcavity

abstract:
  A theory of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of light in a dye microcavity is
developed. The photon polarization degeneracy and the interaction between dye
molecules and photons in all of the cavity modes are taken into account. The
theory goes beyond the grand canonical approximation and allows one to
determine the statistical properties of the photon gas for all numbers of dye
molecules and photons at all temperatures, thus describing the microscopic,
mesoscopic, and macroscopic light BEC from a general perspective. A universal
relation between the degrees of second-order coherence for the photon
condensate and the polarized photon condensate is obtained. The photon
Bose-Einstein condensate can be used as a new source of nonclassical light.

categories: cond-mat.quant-gas cond-mat.stat-mech physics.optics quant-ph


title: Bose-Einstein condensation of light: General theory

abstract:
  A theory of Bose-Einstein condensation of light in a dye-filled optical
microcavity is presented. The theory is based on the hierarchical maximum
entropy principle and allows one to investigate the fluctuating behavior of the
photon gas in the microcavity for all numbers of photons, dye molecules, and
excitations at all temperatures, including the whole critical region. The
master equation describing the interaction between photons and dye molecules in
the microcavity is derived and the equivalence between the hierarchical maximum
entropy principle and the master equation approach is shown. The cases of a
fixed mean total photon number and a fixed total excitation number are
considered, and a much sharper, nonparabolic onset of a macroscopic
Bose-Einstein condensation of light in the latter case is demonstrated. The
theory does not use the grand canonical approximation, takes into account the
photon polarization degeneracy, and exactly describes the microscopic,
mesoscopic, and macroscopic Bose-Einstein condensation of light. Under certain
conditions, it predicts sub-Poissonian statistics of the photon condensate and
the polarized photon condensate, and a universal relation takes place between
the degrees of second-order coherence for these condensates. In the macroscopic
case, there appear a sharp jump in the degrees of second-order coherence, a
sharp jump and kink in the reduced standard deviations of the fluctuating
numbers of photons in the polarized and whole condensates, and a sharp peak, a
cusp, of the Mandel parameter for the whole condensate in the critical region.
The possibility of nonclassical light generation in the microcavity with the
photon Bose-Einstein condensate is predicted.


title:
Opening up and control of spectral gaps of the Laplacian in periodic
  domains

abstract:
  The main result of this work is as follows: for arbitrary pairwise disjoint
finite intervals $(\alpha_j,\beta_j)\subset[0,\infty)$, $j=1,\dots,m$ and for
arbitrary $n\geq 2$ we construct the family of periodic non-compact domains
$\{\Omega^\varepsilon\subset\mathbb{R}^n\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ such that the
spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian in $\Omega^\varepsilon$ has at least $m$ gaps
when $\varepsilon$ is small enough, moreover the first $m$ gaps tend to the
intervals $(\alpha_j,\beta_j)$ as $\varepsilon\to 0$. The constructed domain
$\Omega^\varepsilon$ is obtained by removing from $\mathbb{R}^n$ a system of
periodically distributed "trap-like" surfaces. The parameter $\varepsilon$
characterizes the period of the domain $\Omega^\varepsilon$, also it is
involved in a geometry of the removed surfaces.


title: Painlev\'e VI connection problem and monodromy of c=1 conformal blocks

abstract:
  Generic c=1 four-point conformal blocks on the Riemann sphere can be seen as
the coefficients of Fourier expansion of the tau function of Painlev\'e VI
equation with respect to one of its integration constants. Based on this
relation, we show that c=1 fusion matrix essentially coincides with the
connection coefficient relating tau function asymptotics at different critical
points. Explicit formulas for both quantities are obtained by solving certain
functional relations which follow from the tau function expansions. The final
result does not involve integration and is given by a ratio of two products of
Barnes G-functions with arguments expressed in terms of conformal
dimensions/monodromy data. It turns out to be closely related to the volume of
hyperbolic tetrahedron.


title:
Nuclear medium cooling scenario in the light of new Cas A cooling data
  and the 2 M_sun pulsar mass measurements

abstract:
  Recently, Elshamounty et al. performed a reanalysis of the surface
temperature of the neutron star in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A on the
basis of Chandra data measured during last decade, and added a new data point.
We show that all reliably known temperature data of neutron stars including
those belonging to Cassiopea A can be comfortably explained in our "nuclear
medium cooling" scenario of neutron stars. The cooling rates account for
medium-modified one-pion exchange in dense matter, polarization effects in the
pair-breaking-formation processes operating on superfluid neutrons and protons
paired in the 1S_0 state, and other relevant processes. The emissivity of the
pair-breaking-formation process in the 3P_2 state is a tiny quantity within our
scenario. Crucial for a successful description of the Cassiopeia A cooling
proves to be the thermal conductivity from both, the electrons and nucleons,
being reduced by medium effects. Moreover, we exploit an EoS which stiffens at
high densities due to an excluded volume effect and is capable of describing a
maximum mass of 2.1 M_sun, thus including the recent measurements of PSR
J1614-2230 and PSR J0348+0432.


title:
Microwave-controlled generation of shaped single photons in circuit
  quantum electrodynamics

abstract:
  Large-scale quantum information processors or quantum communication networks
will require reliable exchange of information between spatially separated
nodes. The links connecting these nodes can be established using traveling
photons that need to be absorbed at the receiving node with high efficiency.
This is achievable by shaping the temporal profile of the photons and absorbing
them at the receiver by time reversing the emission process. Here, we
demonstrate a scheme for creating shaped microwave photons using a
superconducting transmon-type three-level system coupled to a transmission line
resonator. In a second-order process induced by a modulated microwave drive, we
controllably transfer a single excitation from the third level of the transmon
to the resonator and shape the emitted photon. We reconstruct the density
matrices of the created single-photon states and show that the photons are
antibunched. We also create multipeaked photons with a controlled amplitude and
phase. In contrast to similar existing schemes, the one we present here is
based solely on microwave drives, enabling operation with fixed frequency
transmons.


title: Ancient solutions of the mean curvature flow

abstract:
  In this short article, we prove the existence of ancient solutions of the
mean curvature flow that for t -> 0 collapse to a round point, but for t ->
-infinity become more and more oval: near the center they have asymptotic
shrinkers modeled on round cylinders S^j x R^n-j and near the tips they have
asymptotic translators modeled on Bowl^j+1 x R^n-j-1. We also give a
characterization of the round shrinking sphere among ancient alpha-Andrews
flows. Our proofs are based on the recent estimates of Haslhofer-Kleiner.


title:
High-resolution observations of SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 in the optical
  and radio domains. A possible example of jet-triggered star formation

abstract:
  Double-lobe radio galaxies are ideally suited to investigate the interaction
of the individual components of the radio structure with the intergalactic
medium and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. SDSS J080800.99+483807.7
has been serendipitously discovered in MERLIN 18 cm observations to be a
double-lobed radio galaxy. Because it is an optically faint source, basic
information like redshift, linear size, and structure has been incomplete until
now. Furthermore, there are no spectra of this source available in any
databases. The goal of this work is to derive the main physical properties of
SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 and study the possible interaction between the radio
jets and the interstellar medium of the host galaxy. To achieve this goal, we
used optical spectroscopy and radio interferometry. The radio data were
obtained with MERLIN at 18 cm and the optical data with the Multi-Object Double
Spectrograph (MODS) at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). The redshift of the
galaxy is z = 0.2805 +/- 0.0003, resulting in a linear size of the observed
radio structure of ~ 26.3 kpc. The optical line emission as well as the
infrared and radio continuum emission suggest a high star-formation activity.
In addition, we estimated the mass of the central black hole to be log
(MBH/Msun) ~ 6.9. The MODS spectrum and the optical images from Sloan Digital
Sky Survey suggest that SDSS J080800.99+483807.7 is an elliptical host galaxy.
In combination with the overall radio structure, we argue that the star
formation could be the result of the back-flow along the jet and the
interstellar medium of the host.


title: The 3-3-1 model with inert scalar triplet

abstract:
  We show that the typical 3-3-1 models are only self-consistent if they
contain interactions explicitly violating the lepton number. The 3-3-1 model
with right-handed neutrinos can by itself work as an economical 3-3-1 model as
a natural recognition of the above criteria while it also results an inert
scalar triplet (\eta) responsible for dark matter. This is ensured by a Z_2
symmetry (assigned so that only \eta is odd while all other multiplets which
perform the economical 3-3-1 model are even), which is not broken by the
vacuum. The minimal 3-3-1 model can provide a dark matter by a similar
realization. Taking the former into account, we show that the dark matter
candidate (H_\eta) contained in \eta transforms as a singlet in effective limit
under the standard model symmetry and being naturally heavy. The H_\eta relic
density and direct detection cross-section will get right values when the
H_\eta mass is in TeV range as expected. The model predicts the H_\eta mass
m_{H_\eta}=\lambda_5\times 2 TeV and the H_\eta-nucleon scattering
cross-section \sigma_{H_\eta-N}=1.56\times 10^{-44} cm^2, provided that the new
neutral Higgs boson is heavy enough than the dark matter.


title:
The standing pool of genomic structural variation in a natural
  population of Mimulus guttatus

abstract:
  Major unresolved questions in evolutionary genetics include determining the
contributions of different mutational sources to the total pool of genetic
variation in a species, and understanding how these different forms of genetic
variation interact with natural selection. Recent work has shown that
structural variants (insertions, deletions, inversions and transpositions) are
a major source of genetic variation, often out-numbering single nucleotide
variants in terms of total bases affected. Despite the near ubiquity of
structural variants, major questions about their interaction with natural
selection remain. For example, how does the allele frequency spectrum of
structural variants differ when compared to single nucleotide variants? How
often do structural variants affect genes, and what are the consequences? To
begin to address these questions, we have systematically identified and
characterized a large set submicroscopic insertion and deletion (indel)
variants (between 1 kb to 200 kb in length) among ten individuals from a single
natural population of the plant species Mimulus guttatus. After extensive
computational filtering, we focused on a set of 4,142 high-confidence indels
that showed an experimental validation rate of 73%. All but one of these indels
were < 200 kb. While the largest were generally at lower frequencies in the
population, a surprising number of large indels are at intermediate
frequencies. While indels overlapping with genes were much rarer than expected
by chance, nearly 600 genes were affected by an indel. NBS-LRR defense response
genes were the most enriched among the gene families affected. Most indels
associated with genes were rare and appeared to be under purifying selection,
though we do find four high-frequency derived insertion alleles that show
signatures of recent positive selection.


title: Null tests of the cosmological constant using supernovae

abstract:
  The standard concordance model of the Universe is based on the cosmological
constant as the driver of accelerating expansion. This concordance model is
being subjected to a growing range of inter-locking observations. In addition
to using generic observational tests, one can also design tests that target the
specific properties of the cosmological constant. These null tests do not rely
on parametrisations of observables, but focus on quantities that are constant
only if dark energy is a cosmological constant. We use supernova data in null
tests that are based on the luminosity distance. In order to extract
derivatives of the distance in a model-independent way, we use Gaussian
Processes. We find that the concordance model is compatible with the Union 2.1
data, but the error bars are fairly large. Simulated datasets are generated for
the DES supernova survey and we show that this survey will allow for a sharper
null test of the cosmological constant if we assume the Universe is flat.
Allowing for spatial curvature degrades the power of the null test.


title: Markovian loop clusters on the complete graph and coagulation equations

abstract:
  Poissonian ensembles of Markov loops on a finite graph define a random graph
process in which the addition of a loop can merge more than two connected
components. We study Markov loops on the complete graph derived from a simple
random walk killed at each step with a constant probability. Using a component
exploration procedure, we describe the asymptotic distribution of the connected
component size of a vertex at a time proportional to the number of vertices,
show that the largest component size undergoes a phase transition and establish
the coagulation equations associated to this random graph process.


title:
The Price of Anarchy is Unbounded for Congestion Games with
  Superpolynomial Latency Costs

abstract:
  We consider non-cooperative unsplittable congestion games where players share
resources, and each player's strategy is pure and consists of a subset of the
resources on which it applies a fixed weight. Such games represent unsplittable
routing flow games and also job allocation games. The congestion of a resource
is the sum of the weights of the players that use it and the player's cost
function is the sum of the utilities of the resources on its strategy. The
social cost is the total weighted sum of the player's costs. The quality of
Nash equilibria is determined by the price of anarchy ($PoA$) which expresses
how much worse is the social outcome in the worst equilibrium versus the
optimal coordinated solution. In the literature the predominant work has only
been on games with polynomial utility costs, where it has been proven that the
price of anarchy is bounded by the degree of the polynomial. However, no
results exist on general bounds for non-polynomial utility functions.
  Here, we consider general versions of these games in which the utility of
each resource is an arbitrary non-decreasing function of the congestion. In
particular, we consider a large family of superpolynomial utility functions
which are asymptotically larger than any polynomial. We demonstrate that for
every such function there exist games for which the price of anarchy is
unbounded and increasing with the number of players (even if they have
infinitesimal weights) while network resources remain fixed. We give tight
lower and upper bounds which show this dependence on the number of players.
Furthermore we provide an exact characterization of the $PoA$ of all congestion
games whose utility costs are bounded above by a polynomial function.
Heretofore such results existed only for games with polynomial cost functions.


title: Gene and Gene-Set Analysis for Genome-Wide Association Studies

abstract:
  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of loci at
very stringent levels of statistical significance across many different human
traits. However, it is now clear that very large samples (n~10^4-10^5) are
needed to find the majority of genetic variants underlying risk for most human
diseases. Therefore, the field has engaged itself in a race to increase study
sample sizes with some studies yielding very successful results but also
studies which provide little or no new insights. This project started early on
in this new wave of studies and I decided to use an alternative approach that
uses prior biological knowledge to improve both interpretation and power of
GWAS. The project aimed to a) implement and develop new gene-based methods to
derive gene-level statistics to use GWAS in well established system biology
tools; b) use of these gene-level statistics in networks and gene-set analyses
of GWAS data; c) mine GWAS of neuropsychiatric disorders using gene, gene-sets
and integrative biology analyses with gene-expression studies; and d) explore
the ability of these methods to improve the analysis GWAS on disease
sub-phenotypes which usually suffer of very small sample sizes.


title: Some results on singular value inequalities of normal operators

abstract:
  Let $x=a+ib$ be a complex number, so we have the following inequality
$$(1/\sqrt{2})|a+b|\leq |x|\leq |a|+|b|$$ We give an operator version of above
inequality. Also we obtain some results for normal operators.


title: Homology of Hilbert schemes of points on a locally planar curve

abstract:
  Let C be a proper, integral, locally planar curve, and consider its Hilbert
schemes of points C^[n]. We define 4 creation/annihilation operators acting on
the rational homology groups of these Hilbert schemes and show that the
operators satisfy the relations of a Weyl algebra. The action of this algebra
is similar to that defined by Grojnowski and Nakajima for a smooth surface.
  As a corollary, we compute the cohomology of C^[n] in terms of the cohomology
of the compactified Jacobian of C together with an auxiliary grading on the
latter. This recovers and slightly strenghtens a formula recently obtained in a
different way by Maulik and Yun and independently Migliorini and Shende.


title: Strong $J$-Cleanness of Formal Matrix Rings

abstract:
  An element $a$ of a ring $R$ is called \emph{strongly $J$-clean} provided
that there exists an idempotent $e\in R$ such that $a-e\in J(R)$ and $ae=ea$. A
ring $R$ is \emph{strongly $J$-clean} in case every element in $R$ is strongly
$J$-clean. In this paper, we investigate strong $J$-cleanness of $M_2(R;s)$ for
a local ring $R$ and $s\in R$. We determine the conditions under which elements
of $M_2(R;s)$ are strongly $J$-clean.


title: Weakly polynomial functors

abstract:
  We introduce and study a general notion of polynomial functor from a small
monoidal symmetric category whose unit is an initial object and give a
classification result of polynomial functors of degree smaller of equal to n
modulo those of degree smaller of equal to n-1 in the case of a category of
hermitian spaces.


title:
Formation of black widows and redbacks -- two distinct populations of
  eclipsing binary millisecond pulsars

abstract:
  Eclipsing binary millisecond pulsars (the so-called black widows and
redbacks) can provide important information about accretion history, pulsar
irradiation of their companion stars and the evolutionary link between
accreting X-ray pulsars and isolated millisecond pulsars. However, the
formation of such systems is not well understood, nor the difference in
progenitor evolution between the two populations of black widows and redbacks.
Whereas both populations have orbital periods between $0.1-1.0\;{\rm days}$
their companion masses differ by an order of magnitude. In this paper, we
investigate the formation of these systems via evolution of converging low-mass
X-ray binaries by employing the MESA stellar evolution code. Our results
confirm that one can explain the formation of most of these eclipsing binary
millisecond pulsars using this scenario. More notably, we find that the
determining factor for producing either black widows or redbacks is the
efficiency of the irradiation process, such that the redbacks absorb a larger
fraction of the emitted spin-down energy of the radio pulsar (resulting in more
efficient mass loss via evaporation) compared to that of the black widow
systems. We argue that geometric effects (beaming) is responsible for the
strong bimodality of these two populations. Finally, we conclude that redback
systems do not evolve into black widow systems with time.


title: Limits of Boolean Functions on F_p^n

abstract:
  We study sequences of functions of the form F_p^n -> {0,1} for varying n, and
define a notion of convergence based on the induced distributions from
restricting the functions to a random affine subspace. Using a decomposition
theorem and a recently proven equi-distribution theorem from higher order
Fourier analysis, we prove that the limits of such convergent sequences can be
represented by certain measurable functions. We are also able to show that
every such limit object arises as the limit of some sequence of functions.
These results are in the spirit of similar results which have been developed
for limits of graph sequences. A more general, albeit substantially more
sophisticated, limit object was recently constructed by Szegedy in [Sze10].


title:
The Compressible to Incompressible Limit of 1D Euler Equations: the Non
  Smooth Case

abstract:
  We prove a rigorous convergence result for the compressible to incompressible
limit of weak entropy solutions to the isothermal 1D Euler equations.


title:
Error estimates in periodic homogenization with a non-homogeneous
  Dirichlet condition

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate the homogenization problem with a
non-homogeneous Dirichlet condition. Our aim is to give error estimates with
boundary data in $H^{1/2}(\partial\Omega)$. The tools used are those of the
unfolding method in periodic homogenization.


title: R-Matrices, Yetter-Drinfel$'$d Modules and Yang-Baxter Equation

abstract:
  In the first part we recall two famous sources of solutions to the
Yang-Baxter equation -- R-matrices and Yetter-Drinfel$'$d (=YD) modules -- and
an interpretation of the former as a particular case of the latter. We show
that this result holds true in the more general case of weak R-matrices,
introduced here. In the second part we continue exploring the ''braided''
aspects of YD module structure, exhibiting a braided system encoding all the
axioms from the definition of YD modules. The functoriality and several
generalizations of this construction are studies using the original machinery
of YD systems. As consequences, we get a conceptual interpretation of the
tensor product structures for YD modules, and a generalization of the
deformation cohomology of YD modules. The latter homology theory is thus
included into the unifying framework of braided homologies, which contains
among others Hochschild, Chevalley-Eilenberg, Gerstenhaber-Schack and quandle
homologies.


title:
Strong-coupling expansion for ultracold bosons in an optical lattice at
  finite temperatures in the presence of superfluidity

abstract:
  We develop a strong-coupling ($t \ll U$) expansion technique for calculating
the density profile for bosonic atoms trapped in an optical lattice with an
overall harmonic trap at finite temperature and finite on site interaction in
the presence of superfluid regions. Our results match well with quantum Monte
Carlo simulations at finite temperature. We also show that the superfluid order
parameter never vanishes in the trap due to proximity effect. Our calculations
for the scaled density in the vacuum to superfluid transition agree well with
the experimental data for appropriate temperatures. We present calculations for
the entropy per particle as a function of temperature which can be used to
calibrate the temperature in experiments. We also discuss issues connected with
the demonstration of universal quantum critical scaling in the experiments.


title:
Counter-Strategy Guided Refinement of GR(1) Temporal Logic
  Specifications

abstract:
  The reactive synthesis problem is to find a finite-state controller that
satisfies a given temporal-logic specification regardless of how its
environment behaves. Developing a formal specification is a challenging and
tedious task and initial specifications are often unrealizable. In many cases,
the source of unrealizability is the lack of adequate assumptions on the
environment of the system. In this paper, we consider the problem of
automatically correcting an unrealizable specification given in the generalized
reactivity (1) fragment of linear temporal logic by adding assumptions on the
environment. When a temporal-logic specification is unrealizable, the synthesis
algorithm computes a counter-strategy as a witness. Our algorithm then analyzes
this counter-strategy and synthesizes a set of candidate environment
assumptions that can be used to remove the counter-strategy from the
environment's possible behaviors. We demonstrate the applicability of our
approach with several case studies.


title:
Lattice calculations of the spectroscopy of baryons with broken flavor
  SU(3) symmetry and 3, 5, or 7 colors

abstract:
  Lattice Monte Carlo calculations of baryon spectroscopy in gauge groups
SU(N), N=3, 5, 7, are presented. The quenched valence fermions come in three
flavors, two degenerate mass ones and a third heavier flavor. The data shows
striking regularities reminiscent of the real-world case of N=3: higher angular
momentum states lie higher in mass, and Sigma-like states lie higher than
Lambda-like ones. These simple regularities are reasonably well described by
1/N expansions.


title:
UHECR correlations taking account of composition and Galactic magnetic
  deflections

abstract:
  We predict the arrival direction distribution of cosmic rays including their
deflection in the Galactic magnetic field, for several combinations of source
and composition hypotheses: the sources are hard X-ray AGNs or uniformly sample
the matter distribution of galaxies, and the composition at the source is pure
proton or is the Galactic cosmic ray composition measured by CREAM. We use the
regular component of the Jansson-Farrar 2012 model for the GMF and allow for
rigidities as low as 2 EeV. We report the correlations of published UHECRs,
rescaling event energies so as to reconcile the spectra of the different
experiments and taking the overall energy uncertainty into account; different
composition hypotheses are considered. This work demonstrates the feasibility
of calculating GMF deflections to low enough rigidities to allow for heavy
composition in correlation studies, and that non-trivial arrival direction
structure should be expected even for mixed or heavy composition, as long as
UHECRs come from the local universe.


title: Rigidity of complex convex divisible sets

abstract:
  An open convex set in real projective space is called divisible if there
exists a discrete group of projective automorphisms which acts co-compactly.
There are many examples of such sets and a theorem of Benoist implies that many
of these examples are strictly convex, have $C^1$ boundary, and have word
hyperbolic dividing group. In this paper we study a notion of convexity in
complex projective space and show that the only divisible complex convex sets
with $C^1$ boundary are the projective balls.


title: Comparison Theorems for Gibbs Measures

abstract:
  The Dobrushin comparison theorem is a powerful tool to bound the difference
between the marginals of high-dimensional probability distributions in terms of
their local specifications. Originally introduced to prove uniqueness and decay
of correlations of Gibbs measures, it has been widely used in statistical
mechanics as well as in the analysis of algorithms on random fields and
interacting Markov chains. However, the classical comparison theorem requires
validity of the Dobrushin uniqueness criterion, essentially restricting its
applicability in most models to a small subset of the natural parameter space.
In this paper we develop generalized Dobrushin comparison theorems in terms of
influences between blocks of sites, in the spirit of Dobrushin-Shlosman and
Weitz, that substantially extend the range of applicability of the classical
comparison theorem. Our proofs are based on the analysis of an associated
family of Markov chains. We develop in detail an application of our main
results to the analysis of sequential Monte Carlo algorithms for filtering in
high dimension.


title:
Rabi Oscillations between Atomic and Molecular Condensates Driven with
  Coherent One-Color Photoassociation

abstract:
  We demonstrate coherent one-color photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein
condensate, which results in Rabi oscillations between atomic and molecular
condensates. We attain atom-molecule Rabi frequencies that are comparable to
decoherence rates by driving photoassociation of atoms in an $^{88}$Sr
condensate to a weakly-bound level of the metastable $^{1}S_{0}+^{3}P_{1}$
molecular potential, which has a long lifetime and large Franck-Condon overlap
integral with the ground scattering state. Transient shifts and broadenings of
the excitation spectrum are clearly seen at short times, and they create an
asymmetric excitation profile that only displays Rabi oscillations for blue
detuning from resonance.


title: Onsager reciprocity principle for kinetic models and kinetic schemes

abstract:
  Boltzmann equation requires some alternative simpler kinetic model like BGK
to replace the collision term. Such a kinetic model which replaces the
Boltzmann collision integral should preserve the basic properties and
characteristics of the Boltzmann equation and comply with the requirements of
non equilibrium thermodynamics. Most of the research in development of kinetic
theory based methods have focused more on entropy conditions, stability and
ignored the crucial aspect of non equilibrium thermodynamics. The paper
presents a new kinetic model formulated based on the principles of non
equilibrium thermodynamics. The new kinetic model yields correct transport
coefficients and satisfies Onsager's reciprocity relationship. The present work
also describes a novel kinetic particle method and gas kinetic scheme based on
this linkage of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and kinetic theory. The work
also presents derivation of kinetic theory based wall boundary condition which
complies with the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and can
simulate both continuum and rarefied slip flow in order to avoid extremely
costly multi-scale simulation.


title: Turan Problems and Shadows I: Paths and Cycles

abstract:
  A $k$-path is a hypergraph P_k = e_1,e_2,...,e_k such that |e_i \cap e_j| = 1
if |j - i| = 1 and e_i \cap e_j is empty otherwise. A k-cycle is a hypergraph
C_k = e_1,e_2,.. ,e_k obtained from a (k-1)-path e_1,e_2,...,e_{k-1} by adding
an edge e_k that shares one vertex with e_1, another vertex with e_{k-1} and is
disjoint from the other edges.
  Let ex_r(n,G) be the maximum number of edges in an r-graph with n vertices
not containing a given r-graph G. We determine ex_r(n, P_k) and ex_r(n, C_k)
exactly for all k \ge 4 and r \ge 3 and $n$ sufficiently large and also
characterize the extremal examples. The case k = 3 was settled by Frankl and
F\"{u}redi.
  This work is the next step in a long line of research beginning with
conjectures of Erd\H os and S\'os from the early 1970's. In particular, we
extend the work (and settle a recent conjecture) of F\"uredi, Jiang and Seiver
who solved this problem for P_k when r \ge 4 and of F\"uredi and Jiang who
solved it for C_k when r \ge 5. They used the delta system method, while we use
a novel approach which involves random sampling from the shadow of an r-graph.


title: Black Holes or Firewalls: A Theory of Horizons

abstract:
  We present a quantum theory of black hole (and other) horizons, in which the
standard assumptions of complementarity are preserved without contradicting
information theoretic considerations. After the scrambling time, the quantum
mechanical structure of a black hole becomes that of an eternal black hole at
the microscopic level. In particular, the stretched horizon degrees of freedom
and the states entangled with them can be mapped into the near-horizon modes in
the two exterior regions of an eternal black hole, whose mass is taken to be
that of the evolving black hole at each moment. Salient features arising from
this picture include: (i) the number of degrees of freedom needed to describe a
black hole is e^{A/2 l_P^2}, where A is the area of the horizon; (ii) black
hole states having smooth horizons span only an e^{A/4 l_P^2}-dimensional
subspace of the relevant e^{A/2 l_P^2}-dimensional Hilbert space; (iii)
internal dynamics of the horizon is such that an infalling observer finds a
smooth horizon with probability 1 if a state stays in this subspace. We
identify the structure of local operators in the exterior and interior
spacetime regions, and show that this structure avoids firewall arguments---the
horizon can keep being smooth throughout the evolution. We discuss the fate of
falling observers under various circumstances, especially when they manipulate
degrees of freedom before entering the horizon, and find that an observer can
never see a firewall by making a measurement on early Hawking radiation. We
also consider the framework in an infalling reference frame, and argue that
Minkowski-like vacua are not unique. In particular, the number of true
Minkowski vacua is infinite, although the label discriminating these vacua
cannot be accessed in usual non-gravitational quantum field theory. An
application to de Sitter horizons is also discussed.


title:
The Optimal Size of Stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley Neuronal Systems for
  Maximal Energy Efficiency in Coding of Pulse Signals

abstract:
  The generation and conduction of action potentials represents a fundamental
means of communication in the nervous system, and is a metabolically expensive
process. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficiency of neural systems
in a process of transfer pulse signals with action potentials. By computer
simulation of a stochastic version of Hodgkin-Huxley model with detailed
description of ion channel random gating, and analytically solve a bistable
neuron model that mimic the action potential generation with a particle
crossing the barrier of a double well, we find optimal number of ion channels
that maximize energy efficiency for a neuron. We also investigate the energy
efficiency of neuron population in which input pulse signals are represented
with synchronized spikes and read out with a downstream coincidence detector
neuron. We find an optimal combination of the number of neurons in neuron
population and the number of ion channels in each neuron that maximize the
energy efficiency. The energy efficiency depends on the characters of the input
signals, e.g., the pulse strength and the inter-pulse intervals. We argue that
trade-off between reliability of signal transmission and energy cost may
influence the size of the neural systems if energy use is constrained.


title: A Likelihood Ratio Approach for Probabilistic Inequalities

abstract:
  We propose a new approach for deriving probabilistic inequalities based on
bounding likelihood ratios. We demonstrate that this approach is more general
and powerful than the classical method frequently used for deriving
concentration inequalities such as Chernoff bounds. We discover that the
proposed approach is inherently related to statistical concepts such as
monotone likelihood ratio, maximum likelihood, and the method of moments for
parameter estimation. A connection between the proposed approach and the large
deviation theory is also established. We show that, without using moment
generating functions, tightest possible concentration inequalities may be
readily derived by the proposed approach. We have derived new concentration
inequalities using the proposed approach, which cannot be obtained by the
classical approach based on moment generating functions.


title: QED Second Order Corrections on the Speed of Light at Low Temperature

abstract:
  We want to study thermal corrections on the speed of light at low temperature
considering temperature dependence of photon vacuum polarization tensor at
two-loop level in the standard QED. It is found that the heat bath behaves as a
dispersive medium to the propagation of light and reduces its speed proprtional
to the second order of temperature. Similiraties and differences with already
known calculations which are based on Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and/or those
using temperature dependent electromagnetic properties of the medium are
discussed.


title: Understanding Rulelog Computations in Silk

abstract:
  Rulelog is a knowledge representation and reasoning language based on logic
programming under the well-founded semantics. It is an extension of the
language of Flora-2 and so supports inheritance and other object-oriented
features, as well as the higher-order syntax of Hilog. However, Rulelog rules
may also contain quantifiers and may be contra-positional. In addition, these
rules are evaluated in the presence of defeasibility mechanisms that include
rule cancellation, rule priorities, and other aspects. Rulelog programs are
sometimes developed by loosely coordinated teams of knowledge engineers (KEs)
who are not necessarily programmers. This requires not only declarative
debugging support, but also support for profiling to help KEs understand the
overall structure of a computation, including its termination properties. The
design of debugging and profiling tools is made more challenging because
Rulelog programs undergo a series of transformations into normal programs, so
that there is a cognitive distance between how rules are specified and how they
are executed.
  In this paper, we describe the debugging and profiling environment for
Rulelog implemented in the integrated development environment of the Silk
system. Our approach includes an interface to justification graphs, which treat
why-not and defeasibility as well as provenance of the rules supporting
answers. It also includes tools for trace-based analysis of computations to
permit understanding of erroneous non-termination and of general performance
issues. For semantically correct cases of the non-terminating behavior, Silk
offers a different approach, which addresses the problem in a formally sound
manner by leveraging a form of bounded rationality called restraint.


title: A simplified approach to the improved semiclassical method

abstract:
  The exact semiclassical quantization condition represents a cumbersome series
expansion, so that only the main term of it is usually taken into account. We
propose a way to find next terms without new additional calculations. Results
are exact for a wide class of actual potentials.


title: Graded contractions of the Gell-Mann graded sl(3,C)

abstract:
  The Gell-Mann grading, one of the four gradings of sl(3,C) that cannot be
further refined, is considered as the initial grading for the graded
contraction procedure. Using the symmetries of the Gell-Mann grading, the
system of contraction equations is reduced and solved. Each non-trivial
solution of this system determines a Lie algebra which is not isomorphic to the
original algebra sl(3,C). The resulting 53 contracted algebras are divided into
two classes - the first is represented by the algebras which are also
continuous Inonu-Wigner contractions, the second is formed by the discrete
graded contractions.


title: A new three-parameter lifetime distribution and associated inference

abstract:
  In this paper, a new three-parameter lifetime distribution is introduced and
many of its standard properties are discussed. These include shape of the
probability density function, hazard rate function and its shape, quantile
function, limiting distributions of order statistics, and the moments. The
unknown parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation
procedure. We develop an EM algorithm to find the maximum likelihood estimates
of the parameters, because they are not available in closed form. The Fisher
information matrix is also obtained and it can be used for constructing the
asymptotic confidence intervals. Finally, a real-data application is given to
demonstrate the performance of the new distribution.


title:
Determining Inclinations of Active Galactic Nuclei Via Their Narrow-Line
  Region Kinematics - I. Observational Results

abstract:
  Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their
observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to
our line of sight. However, except for a few special cases, the specific
inclinations of individual AGN are unknown. We have developed a promising
technique for determining the inclinations of nearby AGN by mapping the
kinematics of their narrow-line regions (NLRs), which are often easily resolved
with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) [O III] imaging and long-slit spectra from
the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). Our studies indicate that NLR
kinematics dominated by radial outflow can be fit with simple biconical outflow
models that can be used to determine the inclination of the bicone axis, and
hence the obscuring torus, with respect to our line of sight. We present NLR
analysis of 53 Seyfert galaxies and resultant inclinations from models of 17
individual AGN with clear signatures of biconical outflow. Our model results
agree with the unified model in that Seyfert 1 AGN have NLRs inclined further
toward our line of sight (LOS) than Seyfert 2 AGN. Knowing the inclinations of
these AGN NLRs, and thus their accretion disk and/or torus axes, will allow us
to determine how their observed properties vary as a function of polar angle.
We find no correlation between the inclinations of the AGN NLRs and the disks
of their host galaxies, indicating that the orientation of the gas in the torus
is independent from that of the host disk.


title:
Composite Goldstone Dark Matter: Experimental Predictions from the
  Lattice

abstract:
  We study, via first principles lattice simulations, the nonperturbative
dynamics of $SU(2)$ gauge theory with two fundamental Dirac flavors. The model
can be used simultaneously as a template for composite Goldstone boson dark
matter and for breaking the electroweak symmetry dynamically. We compute the
form factor, allowing us to estimate the associated electromagnetic charge
radius. Interestingly we observe that the form factor obeys vector meson
dominance even for the two color theory. We finally compare the model
predictions with dark matter direct detection experiments. We find that the
composite Goldstone boson dark matter cross sections is constrained by the most
stringent direct-detection experiments. Our results are a foundation for
quantitative new composite dynamics relevant for model building, and are of
interest to current experiments.


title: The Baryon Cycle of Dwarf Galaxies: Dark, Bursty, Gas-Rich Polluters

abstract:
  We present results from a fully cosmological, very high-resolution, LCDM
"zoom-in" simulation of a group of seven field dwarf galaxies with present-day
virial masses in the range M_vir=4.4e8-3.6e10 Msun. The simulation includes a
blastwave scheme for supernova feedback, a star formation recipe based on a
high gas density threshold, metal-dependent radiative cooling, a scheme for the
turbulent diffusion of metals and thermal energy, and a uniform UV background
that modifies the ionization and excitation state of the gas. The properties of
the simulated dwarfs are strongly modulated by the depth of the gravitational
potential well. All three halos with M_vir < 1e9 Msun are devoid of stars, as
they never reach the density threshold for star formation of 100 atoms/cc. The
other four, M_vir > 1e9 Msun dwarfs have blue colors, low star formation
efficiencies, high cold gas to stellar mass ratios, and low stellar
metallicities. Their bursty star formation histories are characterized by peak
specific star formation rates in excess of 50-100 1/Gyr, far outside the realm
of normal, more massive galaxies, and in agreement with observations of extreme
emission-line starbursting dwarfs by the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep
Extragalactic Legacy Survey. Metal-enriched galactic outflows produce sub-solar
effective yields and pollute with heavy elements a Mpc-size region of the
intergalactic medium, but are not sufficient to completely quench star
formation activity and are not ubiquitous in our dwarfs. Within the limited
size of the sample, our simulations appear to simultaneously reproduce the
observed stellar mass and cold gas content, resolved star formation histories,
stellar kinematics, and metallicities of field dwarfs in the Local Volume.


title:
How dead are dead galaxies? Mid-Infrared fluxes of quiescent galaxies at
  redshift 0.3 < z < 2.5: implications for star formation rates and dust
  heating

abstract:
  We investigate the star formation rates of quiescent galaxies at high
redshift (0.3 < z < 2.5) using 3D-HST WFC3 grism spectroscopy and Spitzer
mid-infrared data. We select quiescent galaxies on the basis of the widely used
UVJ color-color criteria. Spectral energy distribution fitting (rest frame
optical and near-IR) indicates very low star formation rates for quiescent
galaxies (sSFR ~ 10^-12 yr^-1). However, SED fitting can miss star formation if
it is hidden behind high dust obscuration and ionizing radiation is re-emitted
in the mid-infrared. It is therefore fundamental to measure the dust-obscured
SFRs with a mid-IR indicator. We stack the MIPS-24um images of quiescent
objects in five redshift bins centered on z = 0.5, 0.9, 1.2, 1.7, 2.2 and
perform aperture photometry. Including direct 24um detections, we find sSFR ~
10^-11.9 * (1+z)^4 yr^-1. These values are higher than those indicated by SED
fitting, but at each redshift they are 20-40 times lower than those of typical
star forming galaxies. The true SFRs of quiescent galaxies might be even lower,
as we show that the mid-IR fluxes can be due to processes unrelated to ongoing
star formation, such as cirrus dust heated by old stellar populations and
circumstellar dust. Our measurements show that star formation quenching is very
efficient at every redshift. The measured SFR values are at z > 1.5 marginally
consistent with the ones expected from gas recycling (assuming that mass loss
from evolved stars refuels star formation) and well above that at lower
redshifts.


title:
Modeling Hot Gas Flow in the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus of
  NGC3115

abstract:
  Based on the dynamical black hole (BH) mass estimates, NGC3115 hosts the
closest billion solar mass BH. Deep studies of the center revealed a very
underluminous active galactic nucleus (AGN) immersed in an old massive nuclear
star cluster. Recent $1$~Ms \textit{Chandra} X-ray visionary project
observations of the NGC3115 nucleus resolved hot tenuous gas, which fuels the
AGN. In this paper we connect the processes in the nuclear star cluster with
the feeding of the supermassive BH. We model the hot gas flow sustained by the
injection of matter and energy from the stars and supernova explosions. We
incorporate electron heat conduction as the small-scale feedback mechanism, the
gravitational pull of the stellar mass, cooling, and Coulomb collisions.
Fitting simulated X-ray emission to the spatially and spectrally resolved
observed data, we find the best-fitting solutions with $\chi^2/dof=1.00$ for
$dof=236$ both with and without conduction. The radial modeling favors a low BH
mass $<1.3\times10^{9}M_\odot$. The best-fitting supernova rate and the
best-fitting mass injection rate are consistent with their expected values. The
stagnation point is at $r_{\rm st}\lesssim1$arcsec, so that most of gas,
including the gas at a Bondi radius $r_B=2-4$arcsec, outflows from the region.
We put an upper limit on the accretion rate at $2\times10^{-3}M_\odot{\rm
yr}^{-1}$. We find a shallow density profile $n\propto r^{-\beta}$ with
$\beta\approx1$ over a large dynamic range. This density profile is determined
in the feeding region $0.5-10$arcsec as an interplay of four processes and
effects: (1) the radius-dependent mass injection, (2) the effect of the
galactic gravitational potential, (3) the accretion flow onset at
$r\lesssim1$arcsec, and (4) the outflow at $r\gtrsim1$arcsec. The gas
temperature is close to the virial temperature $T_v$ at any radius.


title: An algorithm for the T-count

abstract:
  We consider quantum circuits composed of Clifford and T gates. In this
context the T gate has a special status since it confers universal computation
when added to the (classically simulable) Clifford gates. However it can be
very expensive to implement fault-tolerantly. We therefore view this gate as a
resource which should be used only when necessary. Given an n-qubit unitary U
we are interested in computing a circuit that implements it using the minimum
possible number of T gates (called the T-count of U). A related task is to
decide if the T-count of U is less than or equal to m; we consider this problem
as a function of N=2^n and m. We provide a classical algorithm which solves it
using time and space both upper bounded as O(N^m poly(m,N)). We implemented our
algorithm and used it to show that any Clifford+T circuit for the Toffoli or
the Fredkin gate requires at least 7 T gates. This implies that the known 7 T
gate circuits for these gates are T-optimal. We also provide a simple
expression for the T-count of single-qubit unitaries.


title:
Constraints on dark matter annihilations from diffuse gamma-ray emission
  in the Galaxy

abstract:
  Recent advances in gamma-ray cosmic ray, infrared and radio astronomy have
allowed us to develop a significantly better understanding of the galactic
medium properties in the last few years. In this work using the DRAGON code,
that numerically solves the CR propagation equation and calculating gamma-ray
emissivities in a 2-dimensional grid enclosing the Galaxy, we study in a self
consistent manner models for the galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission. Our
models are cross-checked to both the available CR and gamma-ray data. We
address the extend to which dark matter annihilations in the Galaxy can
contribute to the diffuse gamma-ray flux towards different directions on the
sky. Moreover we discuss the impact that astrophysical uncertainties of non DM
nature, have on the derived gamma-ray limits. Such uncertainties are related to
the diffusion properties on the Galaxy, the interstellar gas and the
interstellar radiation field energy densities. Light ~10 GeV dark matter
annihilating dominantly to hadrons is more strongly constrained by gamma-ray
observations towards the inner parts of the Galaxy and influenced the most by
assumptions of the gas distribution; while TeV scale DM annihilating dominantly
to leptons has its tightest constraints from observations towards the galactic
center avoiding the galactic disk plane, with the main astrophysical
uncertainty being the radiation field energy density. In addition, we present a
method of deriving constraints on the dark matter distribution profile from the
diffuse gamma-ray spectra. These results critically depend on the assumed mass
of the dark matter particles and the type of its end annihilation products.


title: Deconstructing Dimensions and Massive Gravity

abstract:
  We show that the ghost-free models of massive gravity and their
multi-graviton extensions follow from considering higher dimensional General
Relativity in Einstein-Cartan form on a discrete extra dimension, according to
the Dimensional Deconstruction paradigm. We show that Dimensional
Deconstruction is equivalent to a truncation of the Kaluza-Klein tower at the
nonlinear level. Higher dimensional gravity is not recovered from a lower
dimensional multi-graviton theory in the limit of a continuous extra dimension
(infinite Kaluza-Klein tower) due to the appearance of a low strong coupling
scale that depends on IR physics. This strong coupling scale, which is
associated with the mass of the lowest Kaluza-Klein mode, controls the onset of
the Vainshtein mechanism and is crucial to the theoretical and observational
viability of the truncated theory.


title:
Spectral ageing in the lobes of FR-II radio galaxies: New methods of
  analysis for broadband radio data

abstract:
  The broad-bandwidth capabilities of next generation telescopes such as the
JVLA mean that the spectrum of any given source varies significantly within the
bandwidth of any given observation. Detailed spectral analysis taking this
variation into account is set to become standard practice when dealing with any
new broadband radio observations; it is therefore vital that methods are
developed to handle this new type of data. In this paper, we present the
Broadband Radio Astronomy ToolS (BRATS) software package and, use it to carry
out detailed analysis of JVLA observations of three powerful radio galaxies. We
compare two of the most widely used models of spectral ageing, the
Kardashev-Pacholczyk and Jaffe-Perola models and also results of the more
complex, but potentially more realistic, Tribble model. We find that the
Tribble model provides both a good fit to observations as well as providing a
physically realistic description of the source. We present the first
high-resolution spectral maps of our sources and find that the best-fitting
injection indices across all models take higher values than has previously been
assumed. We present characteristic hot spot advance speeds and make comparison
to those derived from dynamical ages, confirming the previously known
discrepancy in speed remains present when determined at high spectral
resolutions. We show that some previously common assumptions made in
determining spectral ages with narrow-band radio telescopes may not always hold
and strongly suggest these are accounted for in future investigations.


title: WIMP Dark Matter and Neutrino Mass from Peccei-Quinn Symmetry

abstract:
  The Peccei-Quinn anomalous global U(1)_{PQ} symmetry is important not only
for solving the strong CP problem with a cosmologically relevant axion, but it
may also be the origin of a residual Z_2 symmetry. This new symmetry may be
responsible for a second component of dark matter composed of an absolutely
stable Weakly Interacting Massive Particle, as well as for generating radiative
neutrino mass. Two specific realizations of this idea are proposed. In these
scenarios, dark matter detection is guaranteed at existing direct detection
experiments or axion searches. Observable signals at the Large Hadron Collider
are discussed.


title:
Reexamination of Induction Heating of Primitive Bodies in Protoplanetary
  Disks

abstract:
  We reexamine the unipolar induction mechanism for heating asteroids
originally proposed in a classic series of papers by Sonett and collaborators.
As originally conceived, induction heating is caused by the "motional electric
field" which appears in the frame of an asteroid immersed in a fully-ionized,
magnetized solar wind and drives currents through its interior. However we
point out that classical induction heating contains a subtle conceptual error,
in consequence of which the electric field inside the asteroid was calculated
incorrectly. The problem is that the motional electric field used by Sonett et
al. is the electric field in the freely streaming plasma far from the asteroid;
in fact the motional field vanishes at the asteroid surface for realistic
assumptions about the plasma density. In this paper we revisit and improve the
induction heating scenario by: (1) correcting the conceptual error by self
consistently calculating the electric field in and around the boundary layer at
the asteroid-plasma interface; (2) considering weakly-ionized plasmas
consistent with current ideas about protoplanetary disks; and (3) considering
more realistic scenarios which do not require a fully ionized, powerful T Tauri
wind in the disk midplane. We present exemplary solutions for two highly
idealized flows which show that the interior electric field can either vanish
or be comparable to the fields predicted by classical induction depending on
the flow geometry. We term the heating driven by these flows "electrodynamic
heating", calculate its upper limits, and compare them to heating produced by
short-lived radionuclides.


title:
Evidence of a Binary-Induced Spiral from an Incomplete Ring Pattern of
  CIT 6

abstract:
  With the advent of high-resolution high-sensitivity observations, spiral
patterns have been revealed around several asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars.
Such patterns can provide possible evidence for the existence of central binary
stars embedded in outflowing circumstellar envelopes. Here, we suggest the
viability of explaining the previously observed incomplete ring-like patterns
with the spiral-shell structure due to the motion of (unknown) binary
components viewed at an inclination with respect to the orbital plane. We
describe a method of extracting such spiral-shells from an incomplete ring-like
pattern to place constraints on the characteristics of the central binary
stars. The use of gas kinematics is essential in facilitating a detailed
modeling for the three-dimensional structure of the circumstellar pattern. We
show that a hydrodynamic radiative transfer model can reproduce the structure
of the HC3N molecular line emission of the extreme carbon star, CIT 6. This
method can be applied to other sources in the AGB phase and to the outer
ring-like patterns of pre-planetary nebulae for probing the existence of
embedded binary stars, which are highly anticipated with future observations
using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array.


title: 21-cm absorption from galaxies at z ~ 0.3

abstract:
  We report the detection of 21-cm absorption from foreground galaxies towards
quasars, specifically z_gal = 0.3120 towards SDSS J084957.97+510829.0 (z_qso =
0.584; Pair-I) and z_gal = 0.3714 towards SDSS J144304.53+021419.3 (z_qso =
1.82; Pair-II). In both the cases, the integrated 21-cm optical depth is
consistent with the absorbing gas being a damped Lyman-\alpha (DLA) system. In
the case of Pair-I, strong Na I and Ca II absorption are also detected at z_gal
in the QSO spectrum. We identify an early-type galaxy at an impact parameter of
b ~ 14 kpc whose photometric redshift is consistent with that of the detected
metal and 21-cm absorption lines. This would be the first example of an
early-type galaxy associated with an intervening 21-cm absorber. The gas
detected in 21-cm and metal absorption lines in the outskirts of this luminous
red galaxy could be associated with the reservoir of cold H I gas with a low
level of star formation activity in the outer regions of the galaxy as reported
in the literature for z ~ 0.1 early-type galaxies. In the case of Pair-II, the
absorption is associated with a low surface brightness galaxy that, unlike most
other known quasar-galaxy pairs (QGPs) i.e. QSO sight lines passing through
disks/halos of foreground galaxies, is identified only via narrow optical
emission lines detected on top of the QSO spectra. Using SDSS spectra we infer
that the emission lines originate within ~ 5 kpc of the QSO sight line, and the
gas has metallicity [12+O/H] ~ 8.4 and star formation rate ~ 0.7-0.8 M_sun per
yr. The measured 21-cm optical depth can be reconciled with the N(H I) we
derive from the measured extinction (A_V=0.6) if either the H I gas is warm or
the extinction per hydrogen atom in this galaxy is much higher than the mean
value of the Small Magellanic Cloud. (Abridged)


title: The locations of halo formation and the peaks formalism

abstract:
  We investigate the problem of predicting the halo mass function from the
properties of the Lagrangian density field. We focus on a perturbation spectrum
with a small-scale cut-off (as in warm dark matter cosmologies). This cut-off
results in a strong suppression of low mass objects, providing additional
leverage to rigorously test which perturbations collapse and to what mass. We
find that all haloes are consistent with forming near peaks of the initial
density field, with a strong correlation between proto-halo density and
ellipticity. We demonstrate that, while standard excursion set theory with
correlated steps completely fails to reproduce the mass function, the inclusion
of the peaks constraint leads to the correct number of haloes but significantly
underpredicts the masses of low-mass objects (with the predicted halo mass
function at low masses behaving like dn/dln m ~ m^{2/3}). This prediction is
very robust and cannot be easily altered within the framework of a single
collapse barrier. The nature of collapse in the presence of a small-scale
cut-off thus reveals that excursion set calculations require a more detailed
understanding of the collapse-time of a general ellipsoidal perturbation to
predict the ultimate collapsed mass of a peak -- a problem that has been hidden
in the large abundance of small-scale structure in CDM. We demonstrate how this
problem can be resolved within the excursion set framework.


title: More Flavor SU(3) Tests for New Physics in CP Violating B Decays

abstract:
  The recent LHCb measurements of the $B_s \to K^-\pi^+$ and $B_s \to K^+K^-$
rates and CP asymmetries are in agreement with U-spin expectations from $B_d
\to K^+\pi^-$ and $B_d \to \pi^+\pi^-$ results. We derive the complete set of
isospin, U-spin, and SU(3) relations among the CP asymmetries in two-body
charmless $B \to PP$ and $B \to PV$ decays, some of which are novel. To go
beyond the unbroken SU(3) limit, we present relations which are properly
defined and normalized to allow incorporation of SU(3) breaking in the simplest
manner. We show that there are no CP relations beyond first order in SU(3) and
isospin breaking. We also consider the corresponding relations for charm
decays. Comparing parametrizations of the leading order sum rules with data can
shed light on the applicability and limitations of both the flavor symmetry and
factorization-based descriptions of SU(3) breaking. Two factorization relations
can already be tested, and we show they agree with current data.


title:
High Resolution H alpha Images of the Binary Low-mass Proplyd LV 1 with
  the Magellan AO System

abstract:
  We utilize the new Magellan adaptive optics system (MagAO) to image the
binary proplyd LV 1 in the Orion Trapezium at H alpha. This is among the first
AO results in visible wavelengths. The H alpha image clearly shows the
ionization fronts, the interproplyd shell, and the cometary tails. Our
astrometric measurements find no significant relative motion between components
over ~18 yr, implying that LV 1 is a low-mass system. We also analyze Large
Binocular Telescope AO observations, and find a point source which may be the
embedded protostar's photosphere in the continuum. Converting the H magnitudes
to mass, we show that the LV 1 binary may consist of one very-low-mass star
with a likely brown dwarf secondary, or even plausibly a double brown dwarf.
Finally, the magnetopause of the minor proplyd is estimated to have a radius of
110 AU, consistent with the location of the bow shock seen in H alpha.


title:
The first analytical expression to estimate photometric redshifts
  suggested by a machine

abstract:
  We report the first analytical expression purely constructed by a machine to
determine photometric redshifts ($z_{\rm phot}$) of galaxies. A simple and
reliable functional form is derived using $41,214$ galaxies from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 (SDSS-DR10) spectroscopic sample. The method
automatically dropped the $u$ and $z$ bands, relying only on $g$, $r$ and $i$
for the final solution. Applying this expression to other $1,417,181$ SDSS-DR10
galaxies, with measured spectroscopic redshifts ($z_{\rm spec}$), we achieved a
mean $\langle (z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm spec})\rangle\lesssim
0.0086$ and a scatter $\sigma_{(z_{\rm phot} - z_{\rm spec})/(1+z_{\rm
spec})}\lesssim 0.045$ when averaged up to $z \lesssim 1.0$. The method was
also applied to the PHAT0 dataset, confirming the competitiveness of our
results when faced with other methods from the literature. This is the first
use of symbolic regression in cosmology, representing a leap forward in
astronomy-data-mining connection.


title: Using Effective Operators to Understand CoGeNT and CDMS-Silicon

abstract:
  Several direct detection experiments have reported positive signals
consistent with a dark matter particle with a mass of approximately 7-9 GeV and
a spin independent scattering cross section of 2.5-4.8 x 10^-41 cm^2. These
results do not rise to the level of discovery, but assuming that they are due
to dark matter, some questions about the underlying physics can already be
addressed. In this paper, I apply the effective operator formalism for dark
matter-Standard Model interactions to the results of the CoGeNT and CDMS
silicon target experiments. I demonstrate that only one set of flavor-blind
effective operators between dark matter can quarks can be consistent with the
reported results in all energy regimes of interest, namely thermal freeze-out,
nuclear scattering, indirect detection, and TeV-scale colliders. This set of
operators implies large couplings of dark matter with heavy quarks. The
alternative implies either that the new physics has non-trivial flavor
structure, that the effective formalism is not applicable and so contains new
states in the spectrum accessible at the LHC, or has large annihilation
channels (possibly via effective operators) into non-colored Standard Model
particles.


title:
The First Circumstellar Disk Imaged in Silhouette with Adaptive Optics:
  MagAO Imaging of Orion 218-354

abstract:
  We present high resolution adaptive optics (AO) corrected images of the
silhouette disk Orion 218-354 taken with Magellan AO (MagAO) and its visible
light camera, VisAO, in simultaneous differential imaging (SDI) mode at
H-alpha. This is the first image of a circumstellar disk seen in silhouette
with adaptive optics and is among the first visible light adaptive optics
results in the literature. We derive the disk extent, geometry, intensity and
extinction profiles and find, in contrast with previous work, that the disk is
likely optically-thin at H-alpha. Our data provide an estimate of the column
density in primitive, ISM-like grains as a function of radius in the disk. We
estimate that only ~10% of the total sub-mm derived disk mass lies in
primitive, unprocessed grains. We use our data, Monte Carlo radiative transfer
modeling and previous results from the literature to make the first
self-consistent multiwavelength model of Orion 218-354. We find that we are
able to reproduce the 1-1000micron SED with a ~2-540AU disk of the size,
geometry, small vs. large grain proportion and radial mass profile indicated by
our data. This inner radius is a factor of ~15 larger than the sublimation
radius of the disk, suggesting that it is likely cleared in the very interior.


title: Simplicial Ricci Flow: An Example of a Neck Pinch Singularity in 3D

abstract:
  We examine a Type-1 neck pinch singularity in simplicial Ricci flow (SRF) for
an axisymmetric piecewise flat 3-dimensional geometry with 3-sphere topology.
SRF was recently introduced as an unstructured mesh formulation of Hamilton's
Ricci flow (RF). It describes the RF of a piecewise-flat simplicial geometry.
In this paper, we apply the SRF equations to a representative double-lobed
axisymmetric piecewise flat geometry with mirror symmetry at the neck similar
to the geometry studied by Angenent and Knopf (A-K). We choose a specific
radial profile and compare the SRF equations with the corresponding
finite-difference solution of the continuum A-K RF equations. The
piecewise-flat 3-geometries considered here are built of
isosceles-triangle-based frustum blocks. The axial symmetry of this model
allows us to use frustum blocks instead of tetrahedra. The 2-sphere
cross-sectional geometries in our model are regular icosahedra. We demonstrate
that, under a suitably-pinched initial geometry, the SRF equations for this
relatively low-resolution discrete geometry yield the canonical Type-1 neck
pinch singularity found in the corresponding continuum solution. We adaptively
remesh during the evolution to keep the circumcentric dual lattice
well-centered. Without such remeshing, we cannot evolve the discrete geometry
to neck pinch. We conclude with a discussion of future generalizations and
tests of this SRF model.


title:
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. X. A Complete Spectroscopic Catalog
  of Dense Molecular Gas Observed toward 1.1 mm Dust Continuum Sources with 7.5
  <= l <= 194 degrees

abstract:
  The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) is a 1.1 mm continuum survey of
dense clumps of dust throughout the Galaxy covering 170 square degrees. We
present spectroscopic observations using the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter
Telescope of the dense gas tracers, HCO+ and N2H+ 3-2, for all 6194 sources in
the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey v1.0.1 catalog between 7.5 <= l <= 194
degrees. This is the largest targeted spectroscopic survey of dense molecular
gas in the Milky Way to date. We find unique velocities for 3126 (50.5%) of the
BGPS v1.0.1 sources observed. Strong N2H+ 3-2 emission (T_{mb} > 0.5 K) without
HCO+ 3-2 emission does not occur in this catalog. We characterize the
properties of the dense molecular gas emission toward the entire sample. HCO+
is very sub-thermally populated and the 3-2 transitions are optically thick
toward most BGPS clumps. The median observed line width is 3.3 km/s consistent
with supersonic turbulence within BGPS clumps. We find strong correlations
between dense molecular gas integrated intensities and 1.1 mm peak flux and the
gas kinetic temperature derived from previously published NH3 observations.
These intensity correlations are driven by the sensitivity of the 3-2
transitions to excitation conditions rather than by variations in molecular
column density or abundance. We identify a subset of 113 sources with stronger
N2H+ than HCO+ integrated intensity, but we find no correlations between the
N2H+ / HCO+ ratio and 1.1 mm continuum flux density, gas kinetic temperature,
or line width. Self-absorbed profiles are rare (1.3%).


title:
Damn You, Little h! (or, Real-World Applications Of The Hubble Constant
  Using Observed And Simulated Data)

abstract:
  The Hubble constant, H0, or its dimensionless equivalent, "little h", is a
fundamental cosmological property that is now known to an accuracy better than
a few percent. Despite its cosmological nature, little h commonly appears in
the measured properties of individual galaxies. This can pose unique challenges
for users of such data, particularly with survey data. In this paper we show
how little h arises in the measurement of galaxies, how to compare
like-properties from different datasets that have assumed different little h
cosmologies, and how to fairly compare theoretical data with observed data,
where little h can manifest in vastly different ways. This last point is
particularly important when observations are used to calibrate galaxy formation
models, as calibrating with the wrong (or no) little h can lead to disastrous
results when the model is later converted to the correct h cosmology. We argue
that in this modern age little h is an anachronism, being one of least
uncertain parameters in astrophysics, and we propose that observers and
theorists instead treat this uncertainty like any other. We conclude with a
"cheat sheet" of nine points that should be followed when dealing with little h
in data analysis.


title: Magnetization of SrCu2(BO3)2 in ultrahigh magnetic fields up to 118 T

abstract:
  The magnetization process of the orthogonal-dimer antiferromagnet SrCu2(BO3)2
is investigated in high magnetic fields of up to 118 T. A 1/2 plateau is
clearly observed in the field range 84 to 108 T in addition to 1/8, 1/4 and 1/3
plateaux at lower fields. Using a combination of state-of-the-art numerical
simulations, the main features of the high-field magnetization, a 1/2 plateau
of width 24 T, a 1/3 plateau of width 34 T, and no 2/5 plateau, are shown to
agree quantitatively with the Shastry-Sutherland model if the ratio of inter-
to intra-dimer exchange interactions J'/J=0.63. It is further predicted that
the intermediate phase between the 1/3 and 1/2 plateau is not uniform but
consists of a 1/3 supersolid followed by a 2/5 supersolid and possibly a
domain-wall phase, with a reentrance into the 1/3 supersolid above the 1/2
plateau.


title: Multidegrees of monomial rational maps

abstract:
  We prove a formula for the multidegrees of a rational map defined by
generalized monomials on a projective variety, in terms of integrals over an
associated Newton region. This formula leads to an expression of the
multidegrees as volumes of related polytopes, in the spirit of the classical
Bernstein-Kouchnirenko theorem, but extending the scope of these formulas to
more general monomial maps. We also determine a condition under which the
multidegrees may be computed in terms of the characteristic polynomial of an
associated matrix.


title: Log canonical threshold, Segre classes, and polygamma functions

abstract:
  We express the Segre class of a monomial scheme in projective space in terms
of log canonical thresholds of associated ideals. Explicit instances of the
relation amount to identities involving the classical polygamma functions.


title: Rolling in the Modulated Reheating Scenario

abstract:
  In the modulated reheating scenario, the field that drives inflation has a
spatially varying decay rate, and the resulting inhomogeneous reheating process
generates adiabatic perturbations. We examine the statistical properties of the
density perturbations generated in this scenario. Unlike earlier analyses, we
include the dynamics of the field that determines the inflaton decay rate. We
show that the dynamics of this modulus field can significantly alter the
amplitude of the power spectrum and the bispectrum, even if the modulus field
has a simple potential and its effective mass is smaller than the Hubble rate.
In some cases, the evolution of the modulus amplifies the non-Gaussianity of
the perturbations to levels that are excluded by recent observations of the
cosmic microwave background. Therefore, a proper treatment of the modulus
dynamics is required to accurately calculate the statistical properties of the
perturbations generated by modulated reheating.


title:
Diffraction-limited Visible Light Images of Orion Trapezium Cluster With
  the Magellan Adaptive Secondary AO System (MagAO)

abstract:
  We utilized the new high-order (250-378 mode) Magellan Adaptive Optics system
(MagAO) to obtain very high spatial resolution observations in "visible light"
with MagAO's VisAO CCD camera. In the good-median seeing conditions of Magellan
(0.5-0.7") we find MagAO delivers individual short exposure images as good as
19 mas optical resolution. Due to telescope vibrations, long exposure (60s) r'
(0.63 micron) images are slightly coarser at FWHM=23-29 mas (Strehl ~28%) with
bright (R<9 mag) guide stars. These are the highest resolution filled-aperture
images published to date. Images of the young (~1 Myr) Orion Trapezium Theta 1
Ori A, B, and C cluster members were obtained with VisAO. In particular, the 32
mas binary Theta 1 Ori C1/C2 was easily resolved in non-interferometric images
for the first time. Relative positions of the bright trapezium binary stars
were measured with ~0.6-5 mas accuracy. We now are sensitive to relative proper
motions of just ~0.2 mas/yr (~0.4 km/s at 414 pc) - this is a ~2-10x
improvement in orbital velocity accuracy compared to previous efforts. For the
first time, we see clear motion of the barycenter of Theta 1 Ori B2/B3 about
Theta 1 Ori B1. All five members of the Theta 1 Ori B system appear likely a
gravitationally bound "mini-cluster", but we find that not all the orbits can
be both circular and co-planar. The lowest mass member of the Theta 1 Ori B
system (B4; mass ~0.2 Msun) has a very clearly detected motion (at 4.1+/-1.3
km/s; correlation=99.9%) w.r.t B1 and will likely be ejected in the future.
This "ejection" process of the lowest mass member of a "mini-cluster" could
play a major role in the formation of low mass stars and brown dwarfs.(slightly
abridged abstract)


title: Interplay between Kondo and Majorana interactions in quantum dots

abstract:
  We study the properties of a quantum dot coupled to a one-dimensional
topological superconductor and a normal lead and discuss the interplay between
Kondo and Majorana-induced couplings in quantum dot. The latter appears due to
the presence of Majorana zero-energy modes localized at the ends of the
one-dimensional superconductor. We investigate the phase diagram of the system
as a function of Kondo and Majorana interactions using a renormalization-group
analysis, a slave-boson mean-field theory and numerical simulations using the
density-matrix renormalization group method. We show that, in addition to the
well-known Kondo fixed point, the system may flow to a new fixed point
controlled by the Majorana-induced coupling which is characterized by
non-trivial correlations between a localized spin on the dot and the fermion
parity of the topological superconductor and normal lead. We compute several
measurable quantities such as differential tunneling conductance and impurity
spin susceptibility which highlight some peculiar features characteristic to
the Majorana fixed point.