title:
Top Quark FCNC Decay to 125GeV Higgs boson in the Littlest Higgs Model
  with T-parity

abstract:
  Motivated by the current observation of a 125 GeV Higgs boson, we calculate
$t\rightarrow cH$ and $t\rightarrow cg(\gamma)H$ in the unitary gauge in the
littlest Higgs model with T-parity(LHT). Due to the large contribution from the
new mirror fermions, we find that the branching ratios of $t\rightarrow cH$ and
$t\rightarrow cgH$ can be greatly enhanced in the LHT model and maximally reach
$\mathcal O(10^{-5})$ in the allowed parameter space. When the mirror fermion
mass $M_3 > 2(1.5)$ TeV and the cut-off scale $f=500$ GeV, the process of $pp
\to t\bar{t} \to 3b +c +\ell+ \slashed E_{T}^{miss}$ can reach
$3\sigma$($5\sigma$) sensitivity at 8(14) TeV LHC with luminosity $\cal{L}$
$=20(300) fb^{-1}$.


title:
Certainty in Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: Revisiting definitions
  for estimation errors and disturbance

abstract:
  We revisit the definitions of error and disturbance recently used in
error-disturbance inequalities derived by Ozawa and others by expressing them
in the reduced system space. The interpretation of the definitions as
mean-squared deviations relies on an implicit assumption that is generally
incompatible with the Bell-Kochen-Specker-Spekkens contextuality theorems, and
which results in averaging the deviations over a non-positive-semidefinite
joint quasiprobability distribution. For unbiased measurements, the error
admits a concrete interpretation as the dispersion in the estimation of the
mean induced by the measurement ambiguity. We demonstrate how to directly
measure not only this dispersion but also every observable moment with the same
experimental data, and thus demonstrate that perfect distributional estimations
can have nonzero error according to this measure. We conclude that the
inequalities using these definitions do not capture the spirit of Heisenberg's
eponymous inequality, but do indicate a qualitatively different relationship
between dispersion and disturbance that is appropriate for ensembles being
probed by all outcomes of an apparatus. To reconnect with the discussion of
Heisenberg, we suggest alternative definitions of error and disturbance that
are intrinsic to a single apparatus outcome. These definitions naturally
involve the retrodictive and interdictive states for that outcome, and produce
complementarity and error-disturbance inequalities that have the same form as
the traditional Heisenberg relation.


title: New (Ghost-Free) Formulation of the Pais-Uhlenbeck Oscillator

abstract:
  We provide a new formulation of the Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator which is a
prototype of a higher derivative model. Different parametrisations that reveal
the model as a combination of two simple harmonic oscillators are introduced.
Conventional results are reproduced in one realisation. In another, all
problems related to lack of unitarity or boundedness of energy are eliminated
since the hamiltonian is expressed as a sum of the hamiltonians of two
decoupled harmonic oscillators. Recourse to imaginary scaling transformation or
PT-symmetry, as advocated in the literature, are totally avoided.


title:
Weak Lensing by Intergalactic Mini-Structures in Quadruple Lens Systems:
  Simulation and Detection

abstract:
  We investigate the weak lensing effects of line-of-sight structures on
quadruple images in quasar-galaxy strong lens systems based on N-body and
ray-tracing simulations that can resolve halos with a mass of 10^5 solar mass.
The intervening halos and voids disturb the magnification ratios of lensed
images as well as their relative positions due to lensing. The magnification
ratios typically change by O(10%) when the shifts of relative angular positions
of lensed images are constrained to <0.004 arcsec. The constrained amplitudes
of projected density perturbations due to line-of-sight structures are O(10^8)
solar mass per arcsec^2. These results are consistent with our new analytical
estimate based on the two-point correlation of density fluctuations. The
observed mid-infrared (MIR) flux ratios for 6 quasar-galaxy lens systems with
quadruple images agree well with the numerically estimated values without
taking into account of subhalos residing in the lensing galaxies. We find that
the constrained mean amplitudes of projected density perturbations in the
line-of-sight are negative, which suggests that the fluxes of lensed images are
perturbed mainly by minivoids and minihalos in underdense regions. We derive a
new fitting formula for estimating the probability distribution function of
magnification perturbation. We also find that the mean amplitude of
magnification perturbation roughly equals the standard deviation regardless of
the model parameters.


title: On the chemical composition of Titan's dry lakebed evaporites

abstract:
  Titan, the main satellite of Saturn, has an active cycle of methane in its
troposphere. Among other evidence for a mechanism of evaporation at work on the
ground, dry lakebeds have been discovered. Recent Cassini infrared observations
of these empty lakes have revealed a surface composition poor in water ice
compared to that of the surrounding terrains --- suggesting the existence of
organic evaporites deposits. The chemical composition of these possible
evaporites is unknown. In this paper, we study evaporite composition using a
model that treats both organic solids dissolution and solvent evaporation. Our
results suggest the possibility of large abundances of butane and acetylene in
the lake evaporites. However, due to uncertainties of the employed theory,
these determinations have to be confirmed by laboratory experiments.


title: Anomalous Quark Chromomagnetic Moment and Single-Spin Asymmetries

abstract:
  We discuss a nonperturbative mechanism for the single-spin asymmetries (SSA)
in the strong interaction. This mechanism is based on the existence of a large
anomalous quark chromomagnetic moment (AQCM) induced by the nontrivial
topological structure of QCD vacuum. Our estimations within the instanton
liquid model for QCD vacuum show that AQCM generates very large SSA on the
quark level. Therefore, this mechanism can be responsible for the anomalously
large SSA observed in different high energy reactions with hadrons.


title:
Trap-assisted space charge limited transport in short channel MoS2
  transistor

abstract:
  We present temperature dependent $I-V$ measurements of short channel MoS$_2$
field effect devices at high source-drain bias. We find that although the $I-V$
characteristics are Ohmic at low bias, the conduction becomes space charge
limited at high $V_{DS}$ and existence of an exponential distribution of trap
states was observed. The temperature independent critical drain-source voltage
($V_c$) was also determined. The density of trap states was quantitatively
calculated from $V_c$. The possible origin of exponential trap distribution in
these devices is also discussed.


title:
Limits on the Number of Galactic Young Supernova Remnants Emitting in
  the Decay Lines of 44Ti

abstract:
  We revise the assumptions of the parameters involved in predicting the number
of supernova remnants detectable in the nuclear lines of the decay chain of
44Ti. Specifically, we consider the distribution of the supernova progenitors,
the supernova rate in the Galaxy, the ratios of supernova types, the Galactic
production of 44Ti, and the 44Ti yield from supernovae of different types, to
derive credible bounds on the expected number of detectable remnants. We find
that, within 1 sigma uncertainty, the Galaxy should contain an average of
5.1+2.4-2.0 remnants detectable to a survey with a 44Ti decay line flux limit
of 10E-5 photons/cm2/s, with a probability of detecting a single remnant of
(2.7+10.0-2.4)%, and an expected number of detections between 2 and 9 remnants,
making the single detection of Cas A unlikely but consistent with our models.
Our results show that the probability of detecting the brightest 44Ti flux
source at the high absolute Galactic longitude of Cas A or above is ~10%. Using
the detected flux of Cas A, we attempt to constrain the Galactic supernova rate
and Galactic production of 44Ti, but find the detection to be only weakly
informative. We conclude that even future surveys having 200 times more
sensitivity than state-of-the art surveys can be guaranteed to detect only a
few new remnants, with an expected number of detections between 8 and 21 at a
limiting 44Ti decay flux of 10E-7 photons/cm2/s.


title:
Higher dimensional operators and LHC Higgs data : the role of modified
  kinematics

abstract:
  The inclusion of higher-dimensional gauge invariant operators induces new
Lorentz structures in Higgs couplings with electroweak gauge boson pairs. This
in principle affects the kinematics of Higgs production and decay, thereby
modifying the efficiencies of the experimental cuts compared to what
simulations based on the standard model interactions yield. Taking some sample
cases, we perform a rigorous analysis of how the efficiencies differ for
various strengths of the additional operator vis-a-vis the standard model
interactions, scanning over the values of both of them. While the response to
cuts can be markedly different in some regions, we find that the sensitivity to
new operator structures is relatively limited, so long as we remain confined to
the 2-sigma regions around the best fit signal strengths measured at the Large
Hadron Collider. We also show modifications to certain kinematical
distributions including the new operators in the diphoton final state.


title: Hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds in \beta-sheet formation

abstract:
  In this study, we investigate interactions of extended conformations of
homodimeric peptides made of small (glycine or alanine) and large hydrophobic
(valine or leucine) sidechains using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to
decipher driving forces for \beta-sheet formation. We make use of a periodic
boundary condition setup in which individual peptides are infinitely long and
stretched. Dimers adopt \beta-sheet conformations at short interpeptide
distances (\xi ~ 0.5 nm) and at intermediate distances (~ 0.8 nm), valine and
leucine homodimers assume cross-\beta-like conformations with side chains
interpenetrating each other. These two states are identified as minima in the
Potential of Mean Force (PMF). While the number of interpeptide hydrogen bonds
increases with decreasing interpeptide distance, the total hydrogen bond number
in the system does not change significantly, suggesting that formation of
\beta-sheet structures from extended conformations is not driven by hydrogen
bonds. This is supported by an increase in electrostatic energy at short
interpeptide distances. A remarkable correlation between the volume of the
system and the total electrostatic energy is observed, further reinforcing the
idea that excluding water in proteins comes with an enthalpic penalty. We also
discuss microscopic mechanisms accounting for \beta-sheet formation based on
computed enthalpy and entropy and we show that they are different for peptides
with small and large side chains.


title:
Strategy For Assessment Of Land And Complex Fields Type Analysis Through
  GIS In Bangladesh

abstract:
  Bangladesh is an over populated developing country where crisis of food is a
major issue, it faces different infrastructure problem in every sector. For
Poverty Alleviation from the country we have to confirm cultivable land to
increase the crop production for feeding the over population of the country.
This paper focuses on the measurement of cultivable land for cultivation. The
main purpose of this paper is to briefly describe how the GIS, Digital Mapping,
Internet concepts and tools can effectively contribute in the modeling,
analysis and visualization phases within an engineering or research project
according to the crops by using object detection, object tracking and field
mapping in Bangladesh. Through GIS mapping of the agricultural lands, the
statistics can be made of how much land is cultivable and each year how much
land we are losing. Mapping the cultivation land will tell us how much crop we
have to import from other countries. Enabling real-time GIS analysis anytime,
anywhere, the implementation of the GIS information to a wider aspect.
Automation is the indicator of the modern civilizations. The system will
benefit the food stock of the country according to the harvest. For this
research we developed a new interactive system. The system will integrate with
GIS project data in Google Earth, first finds highly accurate cluster images
and partial images, obtains user feedback to merge or correct these digests,
and then the supplementary visual analysis complete the partitioning of the
data. This study was conducted at the software laboratory, Computer Science and
Engineering department, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2013.


title: Symmetric generalized binomial distributions

abstract:
  In two recent articles we have examined a generalization of the binomial
distribution associated with a sequence of positive numbers, involving
asymmetric expressions of probabilities that break the symmetry {\it win-loss}.
We present in this article another generalization (always associated with a
sequence of positive numbers) that preserves the symmetry {\it win-loss}. This
approach is also based on generating functions and presents constraints of
non-negativeness, similar to those encountered in our previous articles.

categories: math-ph cond-mat.stat-mech math.MP quant-ph


title: On position, momentum and their correlation

abstract:
  Position and momentum observables are considered and their correlation is
studied for the simplest quantum system of a free particle moving in one
dimension. The algebra and the eigenvalue problem for the correlation
observable is presented and its possible relevance for the solution of the
Pauli problem is analysed. The correlation provides a simple explanation of the
shrinking and spreading of wave packets in an interpretation of quantum
mechanics based in an ontology suggested by quantum field theory. Several
properties and speculations concerning position-momentum correlations are
mentioned.


title:
Localized modes in $\chi^{(2)}$ media with $\PT$-symmetric localized
  potential

abstract:
  We study the existence and stability of solitons in the quadratic nonlinear
media with spatially localized ${\cal PT}$-symmetric modulation of the linear
refractive index. Families of stable one and two hump solitons are found. The
properties of nonlinear modes bifurcating from a linear limit of small
fundamental harmonic field are investigated. It is shown that the fundamental
branch, bifurcating from the linear mode of the fundamental harmonic is limited
in power. The power maximum decreases with the strength of the imaginary part
of the refractive index. The modes bifurcating from the linear mode of the
second harmonic can exist even above ${\cal PT}$ symmetry breaking threshold.
We found that the fundamental branch bifurcating from the linear limit can
undergo a secondary bifurcation colliding with a branch of two-hump soliton
solutions. The stability intervals for different values of the propagation
constant and gain/loss gradient are obtained. The examples of dynamics and
excitations of solitons obtained by numerical simulations are also given.


title: The spin gap in malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3 and its evolution under pressure

abstract:
  We report on the microscopic magnetic modeling of the spin-1/2 copper mineral
malachite at ambient and elevated pressures. Despite the layered crystal
structure of this mineral, the ambient-pressure susceptibility and
magnetization data can be well described by an unfrustrated
quasi-one-dimensional magnetic model. Weakly interacting antiferromagnetic
alternating spin chains are responsible for a large spin gap of 120K. Although
the intradimer Cu-O-Cu bridging angles are considerably smaller than the
interdimer angles, density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that
the largest exchange coupling of 190K operates within the structural dimers.
The lack of the inversion symmetry in the exchange pathways gives rise to
sizable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions which were estimated by
full-relativistic DFT+U calculations. Based on available high-pressure crystal
structures, we investigate the exchange couplings under pressure and make
predictions for the evolution of the spin gap. The calculations evidence that
intradimer couplings are strongly pressure-dependent and their evolution
underlies the decrease of the spin gap under pressure. Finally, we assess the
accuracy of hydrogen positions determined by structural relaxation within DFT
and put forward this computational method as a viable alternative to elaborate
experiments.


title:
Information geometric complexity of entropic motion on curved
  statistical manifolds

abstract:
  Physical systems behave according to their underlying dynamical equations
which, in turn, can be identified from experimental data. Explaining data
requires selecting mathematical models that best capture the data regularities.
Identifying dynamical equations from the available data and statistical model
selection are both very difficult tasks. Motivated by these fundamental links
among physical systems, dynamical equations, experimental data and statistical
modeling, we discuss in this invited Contribution our information geometric
measure of complexity of geodesic paths on curved statistical manifolds
underlying the entropic dynamics of classical physical systems described by
probability distributions. We also provide several illustrative examples of
entropic dynamical models used to infer macroscopic predictions when only
partial knowledge of the microscopic nature of the system is available.
Finally, we present entropic arguments to briefly address complexity softening
effects due to statistical embedding procedures.


title: Comments on photon colliders for Snowmass 2013

abstract:
  For more than 30 years [1], gamma-gamma and gamma-electron photon colliders
have been considered a natural addition to e+e- linear-collider projects.
Following the recent discovery of the Higgs boson, the physics community has
been actively considering various approaches to building a Higgs factory, a
photon collider (with or without e+e-) being one of them. In this note,
following a brief discuss of photon colliders based on ILC and CLIC, I give a
critical overview of the recently proposed photon-collider Higgs factories with
no e+e- collision option.


title: Is Interstellar travel to an exoplanet Possible?

abstract:
  It is shown that space travel, even in the most distant future, will remain
confined to our own planetary system, and a similar conclusion will hold forth
for any other civilization, no matter how advanced it might be, unless those
extra-terrestrial species have life spans order of magnitude longer than ours.
Even in such a case it is unlikely that they will travel much farther than
their immediate stellar neighbourhood, as each such excursion will exhaust the
resources of their home planet so much that those will dwindle rather fast and
there might not be much left for the further scientific and technological
advancements. So the science-fiction fancy of a "Galactic Empire" may ever
remain in our fantasies only. And as for the mythical UFOs, whose quiet
appearances do get reported in the press once in a while, recent explorations
have shown no evidence that any such thing could have an origination within our
own solar system itself. And a "quiet trip" back and forth from a distant star
is almost impossible as the exhaust in any such trip will dazzle the sky like
another sun or perhaps more like a gamma ray burst occurring but not in a
distant part of the universe instead going off right in our own solar backyard.


title: Coarsening dynamics in a simplified DNLS model

abstract:
  We investigate the coarsening evolution occurring in a simplified stochastic
model of the Discrete NonLinear Schr\"odinger (DNLS) equation in the so-called
negative-temperature region. We provide an explanation of the coarsening
exponent $n=1/3$, by invoking an analogy with a suitable exclusion process. In
spite of the equivalence with the exponent observed in other known universality
classes, this model is certainly different, in that it refers to a dynamics
with two conservation laws.


title:
Bayesian model selection for the latent position cluster model for
  Social Networks

abstract:
  The latent position cluster model is a popular model for the statistical
analysis of network data. This approach assumes that there is an underlying
latent space in which the actors follow a finite mixture distribution.
Moreover, actors which are close in this latent space tend to be tied by an
edge. This is an appealing approach since it allows the model to cluster actors
which consequently provides the practitioner with useful qualitative
information. However, exploring the uncertainty in the number of underlying
latent components in the mixture distribution is a very complex task. The
current state-of-the-art is to use an approximate form of BIC for this purpose,
where an approximation of the log-likelihood is used instead of the true
log-likelihood which is unavailable. The main contribution of this paper is to
show that through the use of conjugate prior distributions it is possible to
analytically integrate out almost all of the model parameters, leaving a
posterior distribution which depends on the allocation vector of the mixture
model. A consequence of this is that it is possible to carry out posterior
inference over the number of components in the latent mixture distribution
without using trans-dimensional MCMC algorithms such as reversible jump MCMC.
Moreover, our algorithm allows for more reasonable computation times for larger
networks than the standard methods using the latentnet package (Krivitsky and
Handcock 2008; Krivitsky and Handcock 2013).


title:
Influence of geometrical perturbations on the ion motional frequencies
  in a Paul trap

abstract:
  The effect of geometrical perturbations on ion oscillation frequencies in a
3-D quadrupole trap is analyzed by theoretical simulations and compared with
the experimental results. Theoretically, the distorted potential within this
non-ideal trap caused by the insertion of filament has been simulated. An
analytical expression for the potential is then fitted and numerical solution
of the equations of trapped ion motion is obtained. Motional frequencies are
then calculated from the Fourier transformation of the simulated ion
trajectories at any given trapping potential and compared with our experimental
findings. The shift in the secular frequency with respect to the level of
insertion of the filament within the trap is evaluated.


title:
Three-dimensional simulations of near-surface convection in
  main-sequence stars - II. Properties of granulation and spectral lines

abstract:
  The atmospheres of cool main-sequence stars are structured by convective
flows from the convective envelope that penetrate the optically thin layers and
lead to structuring of the stellar atmospheres analogous to solar granulation.
The flows have considerable influence on the 3D structure of temperature and
pressure and affect the profiles of spectral lines formed in the photosphere.
For the set of six 3D radiative (M)HD simulations of cool main-sequence stars
described in the first paper of this series, we analyse the near-surface
layers. We aim at describing the properties of granulation of different stars
and at quantifying the effects on spectral lines of the thermodynamic structure
and flows of 3D convective atmospheres. We detected and tracked granules in
brightness images from the simulations to analyse their statistical properties,
as well as their evolution and lifetime. We calculated spatially resolved
spectral line profiles using the line synthesis code SPINOR. To enable a
comparison to stellar observations, we implemented a numerical
disc-integration, which includes (differential) rotation. Although the stellar
parameters change considerably along the model sequence, the properties of the
granules are very similar. The impact of the 3D structure of the atmospheres on
line profiles is measurable in disc-integrated spectra. Line asymmetries caused
by convection are modulated by stellar rotation. The 3D structure of cool
stellar atmospheres as shaped by convective flows has to be taken into account
when using photospheric lines to determine stellar parameters.


title:
Three-dimensional simulations of near-surface convection in
  main-sequence stars - I. Overall structure

abstract:
  The near-surface layers of cool main-sequence stars are structured by
convective flows, which are overshooting into the atmosphere. The flows and the
associated spatio-temporal variations of density and temperature affect
spectral line profiles and thus have an impact on estimates of stellar
properties such as effective temperature, gravitational acceleration, and
abundances. We aim at identifying distinctive properties of the thermodynamic
structure of the atmospheres of different stars and understand their causes. We
ran comprehensive 3D radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the near-surface
layers of six simulated stars of spectral type F3V to M2V with the MURaM code.
We carry out a systematic parameter study of the mean stratifications, flow
structures, and the energy flux in these stars.\par Results: We find monotonic
trends along the lower main sequence in granule size, flow velocity, and
intensity contrast. The convection in the M-star models differs substantially
from that of the hotter stars, mainly owing to the more gradual transition from
convective to radiative energy transport. While the basic mechanisms driving
surface convection in cool stars are the same, the properties of the convection
vary along the main sequence. Apart from monotonic trends in rms velocity,
intensity contrast, granule size, etc., there is a transition between "naked"
and "hidden" granulation around spectral type K5V caused by the (highly
non-linear) temperature dependence of the opacity. These variations have to be
taken into account when stellar parameters are derived from spectra.


title: The quantum AdS_5 x S^5 superstring at finite coupling

abstract:
  The integrability of string theory in AdS_5 x S^5 and of the dilatation
operator of N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory has been used to propose an exact
solution to the spectral problem in these theories. Weak coupling perturbation
theory both in gauge theory and on the worldsheet has been extensively used to
verify this solution.
  We discuss worldsheet methods for finding the spectrum of the AdS_5 x S^5
superstring at finite values of the coupling constant and illustrate them by
recovering, within numerical errors, the predictions of the BES equation for
the universal scaling function. This is the first finite-coupling calculation
in this theory which uses field theory methods.


title:
Variational study of polarons and bipolarons in a 1D Bose lattice gas in
  both superfluid and Mott regimes

abstract:
  We use variational methods to study a spin impurity in a 1D Bose lattice gas.
Both in the strongly interacting superfluid regime and the Mott regime we find
that the impurity binds with a hole, forming a polaron. Our calculations for
the dispersion of the polaron are consistent with recent experiments by
Fukuhara et. al. [Nature Phys. 9, 235 (2013)] and give a better understanding
of their numerical simulations. We find that for sufficiently weak interactions
there are ranges of momentum for which the polaron is unstable. We propose
experimentally studying the stability of the polaron by measuring the
correlation between the impurity and holes. We also study two interacting
impurities, finding stable bipolarons for sufficiently strong interactions.


title: Posets with cover graph of pathwidth two have bounded dimension

abstract:
  Joret, Micek, Milans, Trotter, Walczak, and Wang recently asked if there
exists a constant $d$ such that if $P$ is a poset with cover graph of $P$ of
pathwidth at most $2$, then $\dim(P)\leq d$. We answer this question in the
affirmative by showing that $d=17$ is sufficient. We also show that if $P$ is a
poset containing the standard example $S_5$ as a subposet, then the cover graph
of $P$ has treewidth at least $3$.


title: Cosmic ray positrons from a local, middle-aged supernova remnant

abstract:
  We argue that the cosmic ray positron excess observed in ATIC-2, Fermi LAT,
PAMELA, HESS and recently in the precision AMS-02 experiment can be attributed
to the production in a local, middle-aged supernova remnant (SNR). Using the
prediction of our model of cosmic ray acceleration in SNR we estimate that the
SNR responsible for the observed positron excess is located between 250 and
320pc from the Sun and is 170-380 kyear old. The most probable candidate for
such a source is the SNR which gave birth to the well-known Geminga pulsar, but
is no longer visible. Other contenders are also discussed.


title: Inverse problem for the wave equation with a white noise source

abstract:
  We consider a smooth Riemannian metric tensor $g$ on $\R^n$ and study the
stochastic wave equation for the Laplace-Beltrami operator $\p_t^2 u - \Delta_g
u = F$. Here, $F=F(t,x,\omega)$ is a random source that has white noise
distribution supported on the boundary of some smooth compact domain $M \subset
\R^n$. We study the following formally posed inverse problem with only one
measurement. Suppose that $g$ is known only outside of a compact subset of
$M^{int}$ and that a solution $u(t,x,\omega_0)$ is produced by a single
realization of the source $F(t,x,\omega_0)$. We ask what information regarding
$g$ can be recovered by measuring $u(t,x,\omega_0)$ on $\R_+ \times \p M$? We
prove that such measurement together with the realization of the source
determine the scattering relation of the Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ with
probability one. That is, for all geodesics passing through $M$, the travel
times together with the entering and exit points and directions are determined.
In particular, if $(M,g)$ is a simple Riemannian manifold and $g$ is
conformally Euclidian in $M$, the measurement determines the metric $g$ in $M$.


title:
May the Best Meme Win!: New Exploration of Competitive Epidemic
  Spreading over Arbitrary Multi-Layer Networks

abstract:
  This study extends the SIS epidemic model for single virus propagation over
an arbitrary graph to an SI1SI2S epidemic model of two exclusive, competitive
viruses over a two-layer network with generic structure, where network layers
represent the distinct transmission routes of the viruses. We find analytical
results determining extinction, mutual exclusion, and coexistence of the
viruses by introducing the concepts of survival threshold and winning
threshold. Furthermore, we show the possibility of coexistence in SIS-type
competitive spreading over multilayer networks. Not only do we rigorously prove
a region of coexistence, we quantitate it via interrelation of central nodes
across the network layers. Little to no overlapping of layers central nodes is
the key determinant of coexistence. Specifically, we show coexistence is
impossible if network layers are identical yet possible if the network layers
have distinct dominant eigenvectors and node degree vectors. For example, we
show both analytically and numerically that positive correlation of network
layers makes it difficult for a virus to survive while in a network with
negatively correlated layers survival is easier but total removal of the other
virus is more difficult. We believe our methodology has great potentials for
application to broader classes of multi-pathogen spreading over multi-layer and
interconnected networks.


title: Logarithmic convexity of area integral means for analytic functions II

abstract:
  For $0<p<\infty$ and $-2\le\alpha\le0$ we show that the $L^p$ integral mean
on $rD$ of analytic function in the unit disk $D$ with respect to the weighted
area measure $(1-|z|^2)^\alpha dA(z)$ is a logarithmically convex function of
$r$ on $(0,1)$.


title: Double quantum dot as a minimal thermoelectric generator

abstract:
  Based on numerical renormalization group calculations, we demonstrate that
experimentally realized double quantum dots constitute a minimal thermoelectric
generator. In the Kondo regime, one quantum dot acts as an n-type and the other
one as a p-type thermoelectric device. Properly connected the double quantum
dot provides a miniature power supply utilizing the thermal energy of the
environment.


title: On the spectrum of the hierarchical Laplacian

abstract:
  Let $(X,d)$ be a locally compact separable ultrametric space. We assume that
$(X,d)$ is proper, that is, any closed ball $B$ in $X$ is a compact set. Given
a measure $m$ on $X$ and a function $C(B)$ defined on the set of balls (the
choice function), we define the hierarchical Laplacian $L_C$ which is closely
related to the concept of the hierarchical lattice of F.J. Dyson. $L_C$ is a
non-negative definite, self-adjoint operator in $L^2(X,m)$. We address in this
paper to the following question: How general can be the spectrum
$\mathsf{Spec}(L_C)$ as a subset of the non-negative reals? When $(X,d)$ is
compact, $\mathsf{Spec}(L_C)$ is an increasing sequence of eigenvalues of
finite multiplicity which contains $0$. Assuming that $(X,d)$ is not compact we
show that, under some natural conditions concerning the structure of the
hierarchical lattice (= the tree of $d$-balls), any given closed subset $S$ of
$[0,\infty)$, which contains $0$ as an accumulation point and is unbounded if
$X$ is non-discrete, may appear as $\mathsf{Spec}(L_C)$ for some appropriately
chosen function $C(B)$. The operator $-L_C$ extends to $L^q(X,m)$, $0 < q <
\infty$, as Markov generator and its spectrum does not depend on $q$. As an
example, we consider the operator $\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}$ of fractional
derivative defined on the field $\mathbb{Q}_p$ of $p$-adic numbers.


title: Ergodicity of a Generalized Jacobi's Equation and Applications

abstract:
  Consider a $1$-dimensional centered Gaussian process $W$ with
$\alpha$-H\"older continuous paths on the compact intervals of $\mathbb R_+$
($\alpha\in ]0,1[$) and $W_0 = 0$, and $X$ the local solution in rough paths
sense of Jacobi's equation driven by the signal $W$. The global existence and
the uniqueness of the solution are proved via a change of variable taking into
account the singularities of the vector field, because it doesn't satisfy the
non-explosion condition. The regularity of the associated It\^o map is studied.
By using these deterministic results, Jacobi's equation is studied on
probabilistic side : an ergodic theorem in L. Arnold's random dynamical systems
framework, and the existence of an explicit density with respect to Lebesgue's
measure for each $X_t$, $t > 0$ are proved. The paper concludes on a
generalization of Morris-Lecar's neuron model, where the normalized conductance
of the $\textrm{K}^+$ current is the solution of a generalized Jacobi's
equation.


title:
GRB Afterglow Blast Wave Encountering Sudden Circumburst Density Change
  Produces No Flares

abstract:
  Afterglows of gamma-ray bursts are observed to produce light curves with the
flux following power law evolution in time. However, recent observations reveal
bright flares at times on the order of minutes to days. One proposed
explanation for these flares is the interaction of a relativistic blast wave
with a circumburst density transition. In this paper, we model this type of
interaction computationally in one and two dimensions, using a relativistic
hydrodynamics code with adaptive mesh refinement called ram, and analytically
in one dimension. We simulate a blast wave traveling in a stellar wind
environment that encounters a sudden change in density, followed by a
homogeneous medium, and compute the observed radiation using a synchrotron
model. We show that flares are not observable for an encounter with a sudden
density increase, such as a wind termination shock, nor for an encounter with a
sudden density decrease. Furthermore, by extending our analysis to two
dimensions, we are able to resolve the spreading, collimation, and edge effects
of the blast wave as it encounters the change in circumburst medium. In all
cases considered in this paper, we find that a flare will not be observed for
any of the density changes studied.


title: Phase diagram for the Kuramoto model with van Hemmen interactions

abstract:
  We consider a Kuramoto model of coupled oscillators that includes quenched
random interactions of the type used by van Hemmen in his model of spin
glasses. The phase diagram is obtained analytically for the case of zero noise
and a Lorentzian distribution of the oscillators' natural frequencies.
Depending on the size of the attractive and random coupling terms, the system
displays four states: complete incoherence, partial synchronization, partial
antiphase synchronization, and a mix of antiphase and ordinary synchronization.


title:
Evolution towards and beyond accretion-induced collapse of massive white
  dwarfs and formation of millisecond pulsars

abstract:
  Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are generally believed to be old neutron stars
(NSs), formed via type Ib/c core-collapse supernovae (SNe), which have been
spun up to high rotation rates via accretion from a companion star in a
low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). In an alternative formation channel, NSs are
produced via the accretion-induced collapse (AIC) of a massive white dwarf (WD)
in a close binary. Here we investigate binary evolution leading to AIC and
examine if NSs formed in this way can subsequently be recycled to form MSPs
and, if so, how they can observationally be distinguished from pulsars formed
via the standard core-collapse SN channel in terms of their masses, spins,
orbital periods and space velocities. Numerical calculations with a detailed
stellar evolution code were used for the first time to study the combined pre-
and post-AIC evolution of close binaries. We investigated the mass transfer
onto a massive WD in 240 systems with three different types of non-degenerate
donor stars: main-sequence stars, red giants, and helium stars. When the WD is
able to accrete sufficient mass (depending on the mass-transfer rate and the
duration of the accretion phase) we assumed it collapses to form a NS and we
studied the dynamical effects of this implosion on the binary orbit.
Subsequently, we followed the mass-transfer epoch which resumes once the donor
star refills its Roche lobe and calculated the continued LMXB evolution until
the end. We demonstrate that the final properties of these MSPs are, in
general, remarkably similar to those of MSPs formed via the standard
core-collapse SN channel. However, the resultant MSPs created via the AIC
channel preferentially form in certain orbital period intervals. Finally, we
discuss the link between AIC and young NSs in globular clusters. Our
calculations are also applicable to progenitor binaries of SNe Ia under certain
conditions. [Abridged]


title: Conformal blocks, Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangles and group-based models

abstract:
  Work of Buczynska, Wisniewski, Sturmfels and Xu, and the second author has
linked the group-based phylogenetic statistical model associated with the group
Z/2Z with the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model of conformal field theory
associated to SL(2,C). In this article we explain how this connection can be
generalized to establish a relationship between the phylogenetic statistical
model for the cyclic group Z/mZ and the WZW model for the special linear group
SL(m,C). We use this relationship to also show how a combinatorial device from
representation theory, the Berenstein-Zelevinsky triangles, correspond to
elements in the affine semigroup algebra of the Z/3Z phylogenetic statistical
model.


title:
Assessment of Charge-Transfer Excitations in Organic Dyes obtained from
  TD-srDFT Based on Long-Range MP2 and MCSCF Wave Functions

abstract:
  Charge transfer excitations can be described within TD-DFT, not only by means
of long-range corrected exchange functionals but also with a combination of
wave function theory and TD-DFT based on range separation. The latter approach
enables a rigorous formulation of multi-determinantal TD-DFT schemes where
excitation classes, which are absent in conventional TD-DFT spectra (like for
example double excitations), can be addressed. This paper investigates the
combination of both the long-range MCSCF and SOPPA ans\"atze with a short-range
DFT (srDFT) description. We find that the combinations of SOPPA or MCSCF with
TD-DFT yield better results than could be expected from the pure wave function
schemes. For the Time-Dependent MCSCF short-range DFT ansatz (TD-MC-srDFT)
excitation energies calculated over a larger benchmark set of molecules with
predominantly single reference character yield good agreement with their
reference values, and are in general comparable to the long-range corrected
functional CAM-B3LYP. The SOPPA-srDFT scheme is tested for a subset of
molecules used for benchmarking TD-MC-srDFT and performs slightly better
against the reference data for this small subset. Beyond the proof-of-principle
calculations comprising the first part of this contribution, we additionally
studied the low-lying singlet excited states (S1 and S2) of the retinal
chromophore. The chromophore displays multireference character in the ground
state and both excited states exhibit considerable double excitation character,
which in turn cannot be described within standard TD-DFT, due to the adiabatic
approximation. However, a TD-MC-srDFT approach can account for the
multireference character, and excitation energies are obtained with accuracy
comparable to CASPT2, although using a much smaller active space.


title: Perfect imaging with planar interfaces

abstract:
  We describe the most general homogenous, planar, light-ray-direction-changing
sheet that performs one-to-one imaging between object space and image space.
This is a non-trivial special case (of the sheet being homogenous) of an
earlier result [J. Courtial, Opt. Commun.282, 2480 (2009)]. Such a sheet can be
realised, approximately, with generalised confocal lenslet arrays.


title: Ultra-compact tunable split-ring resonators

abstract:
  We propose tunable superconducting split-ring resonators (SRRs) employing
nonlinear Josephson inductance. A fraction of SRR is replaced by Nb-AlOx-Nb
Josephson tunnel junctions connected in parallel and forming a superconducting
quantum interference device (SQUID), whose inductance is sensitive to the
external dc magnetic field. Due to the lumped nature of the Josephson
inductance, the SRR can be made very compact and its resonance frequency can be
tuned by applying magnetic field. We present the model, results of extensive
EM-simulation and experimental data for the SRR weakly coupled to a
transmission line within frequency range 11-13 GHz.


title: Lie 2-algebra models

abstract:
  In this paper, we begin the study of zero-dimensional field theories with
fields taking values in a semistrict Lie 2-algebra. These theories contain the
IKKT matrix model and various M-brane related models as special cases. They
feature solutions that can be interpreted as quantized 2-plectic manifolds. In
particular, we find solutions corresponding to quantizations of R^3, S^3 and a
five-dimensional Hpp-wave. Moreover, by expanding a certain class of Lie
2-algebra models around the solution corresponding to quantized R^3, we obtain
higher BF-theory on this quantized space.


title:
Computing upper bounds for the packing density of congruent copies of a
  convex body

abstract:
  In this paper we prove a theorem that provides an upper bound for the density
of packings of congruent copies of a given convex body in $\mathbb{R}^n$; this
theorem is a generalization of the linear programming bound for sphere
packings. We illustrate its use by computing an upper bound for the maximum
density of packings of regular pentagons in the plane. Our computational
approach is numerical and uses a combination of semidefinite programming, sums
of squares, and the harmonic analysis of the Euclidean motion group. We show
how, with some extra work, the bounds so obtained can be made rigorous.


title: How to implement Marketing 2.0 Successfully

abstract:
  The purpose of this research is to develop a model that would close the gap
between marketing plans and strategies from one side and the advanced online
collaboration applications platforms known as WEB 2.0 in order to implement
marketing 2.0 smoothly without disrupting the working environment. We started
by examining published articles related to marketing, Web 2.0, Customer
Relationship Management Systems, CRM, and social media in a step to conduct an
extensive review of the available literature. Then, we presented critique of
the articles we have examined. After that, we have been able to develop the
model we are proposing in this research. As this paper shows, the proposed
model will help in transforming marketing plans and strategies from its
traditional approach into, what we would like to call, marketing 2.0 approach
smoothly. There are some unavoidable limitations due to the given time and
scope constrains. The factors included in the proposed model does not cover
every related aspect, however, they cover the most important ones.


title: Optimizing Key Distribution in Peer to Peer Network Using B-Trees

abstract:
  Peer to peer network architecture introduces many desired features including
self-scalability that led to achieving higher efficiency rate than the
traditional server-client architecture. This was contributed to the highly
distributed architecture of peer to peer network. Meanwhile, the lack of a
centralized control unit in peer to peer network introduces some challenge. One
of these challenges is key distribution and management in such an architecture.
This research will explore the possibility of developing a novel scheme for
distributing and managing keys in peer to peer network architecture
efficiently.


title: Elliptic genera of 2d N=2 gauge theories

abstract:
  We compute the elliptic genera of general two-dimensional N=(2,2) and N=(0,2)
gauge theories. We find that the elliptic genus is given by the sum of
Jeffrey-Kirwan residues of a meromorphic form, representing the one-loop
determinant of fields, on the moduli space of flat connections on T^2. We give
several examples illustrating our formula, with both Abelian and non-Abelian
gauge groups, and discuss some dualities for U(k) and SU(k) theories. This
paper is a sequel to the authors' previous paper arXiv:1305.0533.


title: Asymptotic Behavior for a nonlocal diffusion equation on the half line

abstract:
  We study the large time behavior of solutions to a non-local diffusion
equation, $u_t=J*u-u$ with $J$ smooth, radially symmetric and compactly
supported, posed in $\mathbb{R}_+$ with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. In
sets of the form $x\ge \xi t^{1/2}$, $\xi>0$, the outer region, the asymptotic
behavior is given by a multiple of the dipole solution for the local heat
equation, and the solution is $O(t^{-1})$. The proportionality constant is
determined from a conservation law, related to the asymptotic first momentum.
On compact sets, the inner region, after scaling the solution by a factor
$t^{3/2}$, it converges to a multiple of the unique stationary solution of the
problem that behaves as $x$ at infinity. The precise proportionality factor is
obtained through a matching procedure with the outer behavior. Since the outer
and the inner region do not overlap, the matching is quite involved. It has to
be done for the scaled function $t^{3/2}u(x,t)/x$, which takes into account
that different scales lead to different decay rates.


title:
Three-dimensional, self-similar, light in unstable canonical optical
  resonators

abstract:
  The eigenmodes of unstable canonical optical resonators possess fractal
structure in their transverse intensity cross-sections [Karman et al., Nature
402, 138 (1999)]. In one particular plane, the magnified self-conjugate plane,
this structure can be explained in terms of a combination of imaging and
diffraction [Courtial and Padgett, PRL 85, 5320 (2000)]. Here we show that this
combination of imaging and diffraction simultaneously occurs in the
longitudinal direction, resulting in three-dimensional self-similar fractal
structure around the centre of the magnified self-conjugate plane.


title: The Delaunay tessellation in hyperbolic space

abstract:
  The Delaunay tessellation of a locally finite subset of hyperbolic space is
constructed using convex hulls in Euclidean space of one higher dimension. For
finite and lattice-invariant sets it is proven to be a polyhedral
decomposition, and versions (necessarily modified from the Euclidean setting)
of the empty circumspheres condition and geometric duality with the Voronoi
tessellation are proved. Some pathological examples of infinite, non
lattice-invariant sets are exhibited.


title:
Topological Invariants and Ground-State Wave Functions of Topological
  Insulators on a Torus

abstract:
  We define topological invariants in terms of the ground states wave functions
on a torus. This approach leads to precisely defined formulas for the Hall
conductance in four dimensions and the topological magneto-electric $\theta$
term in three dimensions, and their generalizations in higher dimensions. They
are valid in the presence of arbitrary many-body interaction and disorder.
These topological invariants systematically generalize the two-dimensional
Niu-Thouless-Wu formula, and will be useful in numerical calculations of
disordered topological insulators and strongly correlated topological
insulators, especially fractional topological insulators.


title: Thermalization in harmonic particle chains with velocity flips

abstract:
  We propose a new mathematical tool for the study of transport properties of
models for lattice vibrations in crystalline solids. By replication of
dynamical degrees of freedom, we aim at a new dynamical system where the
"local" dynamics can be isolated and solved independently from the "global"
evolution. The replication procedure is very generic but not unique as it
depends on how the original dynamics are split between the local and global
dynamics. As an explicit example, we apply the scheme to study thermalization
of the pinned harmonic chain with velocity flips. We improve on the previous
results about this system by showing that after a relatively short time period
the average kinetic temperature profile satisfies the dynamic Fourier's law in
a local microscopic sense without assuming that the initial data is close to a
local equilibrium state. The bounds derived here prove that the above
thermalization period is at most of the order L^(2/3), where L denotes the
number of particles in the chain. In particular, even before the diffusive time
scale Fourier's law becomes a valid approximation of the evolution of the
kinetic temperature profile. As a second application of the dynamic replica
method, we also briefly discuss replacing the velocity flips by an anharmonic
onsite potential.


title:
A review on handwritten character and numeral recognition for Roman,
  Arabic, Chinese and Indian scripts

abstract:
  There are a lot of intensive researches on handwritten character recognition
(HCR) for almost past four decades. The research has been done on some of
popular scripts such as Roman, Arabic, Chinese and Indian. In this paper we
present a review on HCR work on the four popular scripts. We have summarized
most of the published paper from 2005 to recent and also analyzed the various
methods in creating a robust HCR system. We also added some future direction of
research on HCR.


title:
Solitons in $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric periodic systems with the quadratic
  nonlinearity

abstract:
  We introduce a one-dimensional system combining the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric
complex periodic potential and the $\chi ^{(2)}$ (second-harmonic-generating)
nonlinearity. The imaginary part of the potential, which represents spatially
separated and mutually balanced gain and loss, affects only the
fundamental-frequency (FF) wave, while the real potential acts on the
second-harmonic (SH) component too. Soliton modes are constructed, and their
stability is investigated (by means of the linearization and direct
simulations) in semi-infinite and finite gaps in the corresponding spectrum,
starting from the bifurcation which generates the solitons from edges of the
gaps' edges. Families of solitons embedded into the conttinuous spectrum of the
SH component are found too, and it is demonstrated that a part of the families
of these \textit{embedded solitons} (ESs) is stable. The analysis is focused on
effects produced by the variation of the strength of the imaginary part of the
potential, which is a specific characteristic of the $\mathcal{PT}$ system. The
consideration is performed chiefly for the most relevant case of matched real
potentials acting on the FF\ and SH components. The case of the real potential
acting solely on the FF component is briefly considered too.


title: Proceedings Third International Workshop on Hybrid Autonomous Systems

abstract:
  The interest on autonomous systems is increasing both in industry and
academia. Such systems must operate with limited human intervention in a
changing environment and must be able to compensate for significant system
failures without external intervention. The most appropriate models of
autonomous systems can be found in the class of hybrid systems (which study
continuous-state dynamic processes via discrete-state controllers) that
interact with their environment. This workshop brings together researchers
interested in all aspects of autonomy and resilience of hybrid systems.


title:
On Eigenvalue spacings for the 1-D Anderson model with singular site
  distribution

abstract:
  We study eigenvalue spacings and local eigenvalue statistics for 1D lattice
Schrodinger operators with Holder regular potential, obtaining a version of
Minami's inequality and Poisson statistics for the local eigenvalue spacings.
The main additional new input are regular properties of the Furstenberg
measures and the density of states obtained in some of the author's earlier
work.


title: Vanishing and identities of conformal blocks divisors

abstract:
  Conformal block divisors in type A on $\bar{M}_{0,{n}}$ are shown to satisfy
new symmetries when levels and ranks are interchanged in non-standard ways. A
connection with the quantum cohomology of Grassmannians reveals that these
divisors vanish above the critical level.


title:
Quantum Mechanics of Insitu Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles with in
  Anionic Microgels

abstract:
  In this work, we discuss the quantum mechanics of many-body systems i.e.
hybrid microgel consisting of negatively charged anionic microgels possessing
thick sheath of water molecules solvating its protruding anionic moieties and
nanoparticle captivated with in it. Thermodynamic feasibility of synthesis of
particular nanoparticle with in the microgel is dependent upon the magnitude of
interaction between nanoparticle, water molecules and microgel relative to sum
of magnitude of self-interaction between counterions and interaction between
counterions and microgel. Nanoparticles synthesized with in the microgels have
thick electronic cloud that oscillates under the influence of net interaction
potential of charged anionic moieties and solvent water molecules. Hamiltonian
describing energy of oscillating electronic cloud wrapped around nanoparticle
is mathematically derived to be equal to product of integral of electron
density and its position vector overall space multiplied with net electric
force acting on the oscillating electronic cloud of nanoparticle.


title: A Unified Framework for Multi-Sensor HDR Video Reconstruction

abstract:
  One of the most successful approaches to modern high quality HDR-video
capture is to use camera setups with multiple sensors imaging the scene through
a common optical system. However, such systems pose several challenges for HDR
reconstruction algorithms. Previous reconstruction techniques have considered
debayering, denoising, resampling (align- ment) and exposure fusion as separate
problems. In contrast, in this paper we present a unifying approach, performing
HDR assembly directly from raw sensor data. Our framework includes a camera
noise model adapted to HDR video and an algorithm for spatially adaptive HDR
reconstruction based on fitting of local polynomial approximations to observed
sensor data. The method is easy to implement and allows reconstruction to an
arbitrary resolution and output mapping. We present an implementation in CUDA
and show real-time performance for an experimental 4 Mpixel multi-sensor HDR
video system. We further show that our algorithm has clear advantages over
existing methods, both in terms of flexibility and reconstruction quality.


title: Quantum Forces in Molecular Magnets

abstract:
  Two-state systems may exhibit mechanical forces of purely quantum origin that
have no counterpart in classical physics. We show that the such forces must
exist in molecular magnets due to quantum tunneling between classically
degenerate magnetic states. They can be observed in the presence of a microwave
field when the magnet is placed in a static magnetic field with a gradient.


title:
Physical improvements to a mesoscopic cellular automaton model for
  three-dimensional snow crystal growth

abstract:
  We motivate and derive the dynamical rules for a computationally feasible
three-dimensional cellular automaton model of snow crystal growth. The model
improves upon points of weak physical connections identified in other similar
models which have produced morphological features observed in many snow crystal
photographs. A systematic survey of the morphologies resulting from our model
illustrates the degree to which these features persist in our results, and the
trends that appear as model parameters are varied.


title: Compression algorithm for discrete light-cone quantization

abstract:
  We adapt the compression algorithm of Weinstein, Auerbach, and Chandra from
eigenvectors of spin lattice Hamiltonians to eigenvectors of light-front
field-theoretic Hamiltonians. The latter are approximated by the standard
discrete light-cone quantization technique, which provides a matrix
representation of the Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. The eigenvectors are
represented as singular value decompositions of two-dimensional arrays, indexed
by transverse and longitudinal momenta, and compressed by truncation of the
decomposition. The Hamiltonian is represented by a rank-four tensor that is
decomposed as a sum of contributions factorized into direct products of
separate matrices for transverse and longitudinal interactions. The algorithm
is applied to a model theory, to illustrate its use.


title: Milagro Limits on the Rate-Density of Primordial Black Holes

abstract:
  Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) created early in the universe are dark matter
candidates. One method of detecting these PBHs is through their Hawking
radiation. PBHs created with an initial mass of 5.0 x 10^14 g should be
evaporating today with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma
radiation in the GeV - TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory,
which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH
evaporation gamma ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90%
duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is
ideally suited for the direct search of PBH bursts. Based on a search in
Milagro data, we report PBH upper limits according to the standard model.


title:
The genesis of the internal resistance of a battery -- a physical
  perspective

abstract:
  The standard exposition of the internal resistance of a battery, that a
battery comprises a source of emf in series with an internal resistance, as
given in engineering and physics text-books, is lacking in proper explanation.
It is treated merely as an experimental fact, and not something that should
follow from logic. The battery has a tendency to maintain electric potential
difference across its terminals equal to its chemical potential, and in an open
circuit, when no current flows, these two do match. However in a closed
circuit, a drop in electric potential across the battery terminals is
inevitable for a steady flow of electric current throughout the circuit,
because the chemical reactions driving the electric current within the battery
can proceed only if the electric potential at its terminals differs from the
chemical potential. It is shown that for small voltage changes, the current
passing through the battery is linearly proportional to the change in potential
from the open-circuit value (i.e., its chemical potential), giving rise to a
semblance of an internal resistance in series with the external resistance. It
follows that a battery {\em has to have} an internal resistance in order to
function as a power source. It is also shown that Thevenin's theorem does not
make our results superfluous, in fact our results are presupposed in its
derivation.


title:
No one-loop gauge anomalies for a Lorentz-violating quantum
  electrodynamics: Evaluation of the three-photon vertex

abstract:
  Identification of the diagrams that can lead to gauge anomalies in the
(minimal) Lorentz- and $CPT$-violating extension of quantum electrodynamics
reveals these are the electron self-energy and vertex correction (related to
the Ward-Takahashi identity), the photon self-energy (related to the vacuum
polarization tensor transversality), and the three-photon vertex diagrams. All
but the latter were explicitly verified to be free of anomalies to first order
in loop expansion. Here we provide this remaining evaluation and verify the
absence of anomalies in this process.


title: Minimal Dirichlet energy partitions for graphs

abstract:
  Motivated by a geometric problem, we introduce a new non-convex graph
partitioning objective where the optimality criterion is given by the sum of
the Dirichlet eigenvalues of the partition components. A relaxed formulation is
identified and a novel rearrangement algorithm is proposed, which we show is
strictly decreasing and converges in a finite number of iterations to a local
minimum of the relaxed objective function. Our method is applied to several
clustering problems on graphs constructed from synthetic data, MNIST
handwritten digits, and manifold discretizations. The model has a
semi-supervised extension and provides a natural representative for the
clusters as well.


title:
Testing mixed action approaches to meson spectroscopy with twisted mass
  sea quarks

abstract:
  We explore and compare three mixed action setups with Wilson twisted mass sea
quarks and different valence quark actions: (1) Wilson twisted mass, (2) Wilson
twisted mass + clover and (3) Wilson + clover. Our main goal is to reduce
lattice discretization errors in mesonic spectral quantities, in particular to
reduce twisted mass parity and isospin breaking.


title:
Social aggregation in pea aphids: Experimental measurement and
  stochastic modeling

abstract:
  An ongoing challenge in the mathematical modeling of biological aggregations
is to strengthen the connection between models and biological data by
quantifying the rules that individuals follow. We model aggregation of the pea
aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Specifically, we conduct experiments to track the
motion of aphids walking in a featureless circular arena in order to deduce
individual-level rules. We observe that each aphid transitions stochastically
between a moving and a stationary state. Moving aphids follow a correlated
random walk. The probabilities of motion state transitions, as well as the
random walk parameters, depend strongly on distance to an aphid's nearest
neighbor. For large nearest neighbor distances, when an aphid is essentially
isolated, its motion is ballistic with aphids moving faster, turning less, and
being less likely to stop. In contrast, for short nearest neighbor distances,
aphids move more slowly, turn more, and are more likely to become stationary;
this behavior constitutes an aggregation mechanism. From the experimental data,
we estimate the state transition probabilities and correlated random walk
parameters as a function of nearest neighbor distance. With the
individual-level model established, we assess whether it reproduces the
macroscopic patterns of movement at the group level. To do so, we consider
three distributions, namely distance to nearest neighbor, angle to nearest
neighbor, and percentage of population moving at any given time. For each of
these three distributions, we compare our experimental data to the output of
numerical simulations of our nearest neighbor model, and of a control model in
which aphids do not interact socially. Our stochastic, social nearest neighbor
model reproduces salient features of the experimental data that are not
captured by the control.


title:
An Evolutionary Model for Collapsing Molecular Clouds and Their Star
  Formation Activity. II. Mass Dependence of the Star Formation Rate

abstract:
  We discuss the dependence of various properties of the star formation rate
(SFR) and efficiency (SFE) in molecular clouds (MCs) on the maximum mass
reached by the clouds, based on a previously-published model for MC and SFR
evolution in which the clouds were assumed to be undergoing global collapse,
and the SFR was controlled by ioniztion feedback. Because the model neglects
various other processes, the results presented are upper limits. We find that
clouds with $\Mmax \lesssim 10^4 \Msun$ end their lives with a mini-burst, at
which the SFR reaches a peak of $\sim 10^4 ~\Msun \Myr^{-1}$, although its time
average is only $\SFRavg \sim \hbox{ a few} \times 10^2 \Msun \Myr^{-1}$. The
corresponding efficiencies are $\SFEmax \lesssim $60\%$ and $\SFEavg \lesssim
$1\%$. For more massive clouds ($\Mmax \gtrsim 10^5 ~ \Msun$), the SFR first
increases and then remains roughly constant for $\sim 10^7$ yr, because the
clouds are influenced by the stellar feedback since earlier in their evolution.
We find that $\SFRavg$ and $\SFEavg$ are well represented by the fits $\SFRavg
\approx 100 (1+\Mmax/2 \times 10^5 ~ \Msun)^{2} ~ \Msun \Myr^{-1}$ and $\SFEavg
\approx 0.024 (\Mmax/10^5 ~ \Msun)^{0.28}$, respectively. The massive model
clouds follow the SFR-dense gas mass relation obtained by Gao \& Solomon for
infrared galaxies, extrapolated down to MCs scales. Low-mass clouds fall above
this relation, in agreement with recent observations. An integration of the
model-predicted $\SFRavg$ over a Galactic GMC mass spectrum yields a realistic
value for the Galactic SFR. Our results reinforce the suggestion that
star-forming GMCs may be in global collapse, and still have low net SFRs and
SFEs, due to the evaporation of most of the cloud material by the feedback from
massive stars.


title: Transients in the Synchronization of Oscillator Arrays

abstract:
  The purpose of this note is threefold. First we state a few conjectures that
allow us to rigorously derive a theory which is asymptotic in N (the number of
agents) that describes transients in large arrays of (identical) linear damped
harmonic oscillators in R with completely decentralized nearest neighbor
interaction. We then use the theory to establish that in a certain range of the
parameters transients grow linearly in the number of agents (and faster outside
that range). Finally, in the regime where this linear growth occurs we give the
constant of proportionality as a function of the signal velocities (see [3]) in
each of the two directions. As corollaries we show that symmetric interactions
are far from optimal and that all these results independent of (reasonable)
boundary conditions.


title:
Nature of Quasielectrons and the Continuum of Neutral Bulk Excitations
  in the Laughlin Quantum Hall Fluids

abstract:
  We construct model wavefunctions for a family of single-quasielectron states
supported by the $\nu=1/3$ fractional quantum Hall (FQH) fluid. The charge
$e^*$ = $e/3$ quasielectron state is identified as a composite of a
charge-$2e^*$ quasiparticle and a $-e^*$ quasihole, orbiting around their
common center of charge with relative angular momentum $n\hbar > 0$, and
corresponds precisely to the "composite fermion" construction based on a filled
$n=0$ Landau level plus an extra particle in level $n > 0$. An effective
three-body model (one $2e^*$ quasiparticle and two $-e^*$ quasiholes) is
introduced to capture the essential physics of the neutral bulk excitations.


title: Crossed products by spectrally free actions

abstract:
  We define spectral freeness for actions of discrete groups on C*-algebras. We
relate spectral freeness to other freeness conditions; an example result is
that for an action of a finite group, spectral freeness is equivalent to strong
pointwise outerness, and also to the condition that the strong Connes spectrum
of the action of the integers generated by a nontrivial group element is always
nontrivial.
  We then prove permanence results for reduced crossed products by exact
spectrally free actions, for crossed products by arbitrary actions of the two
element group, and for extensions, direct limits, stable isomorphism, and
several related constructions, for the following properties:
  The combination of pure infiniteness and the ideal property.
  Residual hereditary infiniteness (closely related to pure infiniteness).
  Residual (SP) (a strengthening of Property (SP) suitable for nonsimple
C*-algebras).
  The weak ideal property (closely related to the ideal property).
  For the weak ideal property, we can allow arbitrary crossed products by any
finite abelian group.
  These properties of C*-algebras are shown to have formulations of the same
general type, allowing them all to be handled using a common set of theorems.


title:
Learning Deep Representation Without Parameter Inference for Nonlinear
  Dimensionality Reduction

abstract:
  Unsupervised deep learning is one of the most powerful representation
learning techniques. Restricted Boltzman machine, sparse coding, regularized
auto-encoders, and convolutional neural networks are pioneering building blocks
of deep learning. In this paper, we propose a new building block -- distributed
random models. The proposed method is a special full implementation of the
product of experts: (i) each expert owns multiple hidden units and different
experts have different numbers of hidden units; (ii) the model of each expert
is a k-center clustering, whose k-centers are only uniformly sampled examples,
and whose output (i.e. the hidden units) is a sparse code that only the
similarity values from a few nearest neighbors are reserved. The relationship
between the pioneering building blocks, several notable research branches and
the proposed method is analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed
deep model can learn better representations than deep belief networks and
meanwhile can train a much larger network with much less time than deep belief
networks.


title: Two-loop finiteness of self-energies in higher-derivative SQED3

abstract:
  In the superfield formalism, two higher-derivative kinetic operators
(Lee-Wick operators) are implemented into the standard three dimensional
supersymmetric quantum electrodynamics for improving its ultraviolet behavior.
It is shown in particular that the ghosts associated with these Lee-Wick
operators allow to remove all ultraviolet divergences in the scalar and gauge
self-energies at two-loop level.


title: Organometallic Complexes of Graphene

abstract:
  We demonstrate the organometallic hexahapto complexation of chromium with
graphene, graphite and carbon nanotubes. All of these extended periodic
pi-electron systems exhibit some degree of reactivity toward the reagents
CrCO)6 and (eta6-benzene)Cr(CO)3, and we are able to demonstrate the formation
of (eta6-rene)Cr(CO)3 or (eta6-arene)2Cr, where arene = single-walled carbon
nanotubes (SWNT), exfoliated graphene (XG), epitaxial graphene (EG) and
highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). We find that the SWNTs are the least
reactive presumably as a result of the effect of curvature on the formation of
the hexahapto bond; in the case of HOPG, (eta6-HOPG)Cr(CO)3 was isolated while
the exfoliated graphene samples were found to give both (eta6-graphene)2Cr, and
(eta6-graphene)Cr(CO)3 structures. We report simple and efficient routes for
the mild decomplexation of the graphene-chromium complexes which appears to
restore the original pristine graphene state. This study represents the first
example of the use of graphene as a ligand and is expected to expand the scope
of graphene chemistry in connection with the application of this material in
organometallic catalysis.


title: Stability of BEC galactic dark matter halos

abstract:
  In this paper we show that spherically symmetric BEC dark matter halos, with
the $\sin r/r$ density profile, that accurately fit galactic rotation curves
and represent a potential solution to the cusp-core problem are unstable. We do
this by introducing back the density profiles into the fully time-dependent
Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson system of equations. Using numerical methods to track
the evolution of the system, we found that these galactic halos lose mass at an
approximate rate of half of its mass in a time scale of dozens of Myr. We
consider this time scale is enough as to consider these halos are unstable and
unlikely to be formed. We provide some arguments to show that this behavior is
general and discuss some other drawbacks of the model that restrict its
viability.


title:
Protecting Superconducting Qubits with Universal Quantum Degeneracy
  Point

abstract:
  Low-frequency noise can induce serious decoherence in superconducting qubits.
Due to its diverse physical origin, such noise can couple with the qubits
either as transverse or as longitudinal noise. Here, we present a universal
quantum degeneracy point approach that can protect an encoded qubit from
arbitrary low-frequency noise. We further show that universal quantum logic
gates can be performed on the encoded qubits with high fidelity. The proposed
scheme can be readily implemented with superconducting flux qubits or with a
qubit coupling with a superconducting resonator. Meanwhile, the scheme is also
robust against small parameter spreads due to fabrication errors in the
superconducting systems.


title: Triple Shifted Sums of Automorphic L-Functions

abstract:
  In this work we provide a meromorphic continuation in three complex variables
of two types of triple shifted convolution sums of Fourier coefficients of
holomorphic cusp forms. The foundations of this construction are based in the
continuation of the spectral expansion of a special truncated Poincar\'e series
recently developed by Jeffrey Hoffstein. As a result we are able to produce
previously unstudied and nontrivial asymptotics of truncated shifted sums which
we expect to correspond to off-diagonal terms in the third moment of
automorphic L-functions.


title:
Erratum to "Support varieties and representation type of small quantum
  groups"

abstract:
  Some of the general results in the paper require an additional hypothesis,
such as quasitriangularity. Applications to specific types of Hopf algebras are
correct, as some of these are quasitriangular, and for those that are not, the
Hochschild support variety theory may be applied instead.


title:
New Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Li(Zn,Mn)P with decoupled charge
  and spin doping

abstract:
  We report the discovery of a new diluted magnetic semiconductor, Li(Zn,Mn)P,
in which charge and spin are introduced independently via lithium
off-stoichiometry and the isovalent substitution of Mn2+ for Zn2+,
respectively. Isostructural to (Ga,Mn)As, Li(Zn,Mn)P was found to be a p-type
ferromagnetic semiconductor with excess Lithium providing charge doping. First
principles calculations indicate that excess Li is favored to partially occupy
the Zn site, leading to hole doping. Ferromagnetism is mediated in
semiconducting samples of relative low mobile carriers with a small coercive
force, indicating an easy spin flip.


title: Higgs Up-Down CP Asymmetry at the LHC

abstract:
  We propose a new observable designed to probe CP-violating coupling of the
Higgs boson to W bosons using associated Higgs production. We define an
asymmetry that measures the number of leptons from W decays relative to the
plane defined by the beam line and the Higgs boson momentum. The orientation of
that plane is determined by the direction of fermions in the initial state, so
that in a proton-proton collider it requires rapidity cuts that preferentially
select quarks over antiquarks.


title:
On the influence of the cosmological constant on trajectories of light
  and associated measurements in Schwarzschild de Sitter space

abstract:
  In this paper we review and build on the common methods used to analyze null
geodesics in Schwarzschild de Sitter space. We present a general technique
which allows finding measurable intersection angles of null trajectories
analytically, and as one of its applications we establish a general
relativistic aberration relationship. The tools presented are used to analyze
some standard setups of gravitational deflection of light and gain a clear
understanding of the role that the cosmological constant, $\Lambda$, plays in
gravitational lensing phenomena. Through reviewing some recent papers on the
topic with the present results in mind, we attempt to explain the major sources
of disagreement in the ongoing debate on the subject, which started with
Rindler and Ishak's original paper, regarding the influence of $\Lambda$ on
lensing phenomena. To avoid ambiguities and room for misunderstanding we
present clear definitions of the quantities used in the present analysis as
well as in other papers we discuss.


title:
Jack polynomials with prescribed symmetry and some of their clustering
  properties

abstract:
  We study Jack polynomials in $N$ variables, with parameter $\alpha$, and
having a prescribed symmetry with respect to two disjoint subsets of variables.
For instance, these polynomials can exhibit a symmetry of type AS, which means
that they are anti-symmetric in the first $m$ variables and symmetric in the
remaining $N-m$ variables. One of our main goals is to extend recent works on
symmetric Jack polynomials [arXiv:0711.3062, arXiv:1007.2692, arXiv:1303.4126]
and prove that the Jack polynomials with prescribed symmetry also admit
clusters of size $k$ and order $r$, that is, the polynomials vanish to order
$r$ when $k+1$ variables coincide.
  We first prove some general properties for generic $\alpha$, such as their
uniqueness as triangular eigenfunctions of operators of Sutherland type, and
the existence of their analogues in infinity many variables. We then turn our
attention to the case with $\alpha=-(k+1)/(r-1)$. We show that for each triplet
$(k,r,N)$, there exist admissibility conditions on the indexing sets, called
superpartitions, that guaranty both the regularity and the uniqueness of the
polynomials. These conditions are also used to establish similar properties for
non-symmetric Jack polynomials. As a result, we prove that the Jack polynomials
with arbitrary prescribed symmetry, indexed by $(k,r,N)$-admissible
superpartitions, admit clusters of size $k=1$ and order $r\geq 2$. In the last
part of the article, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the
invariance under translation of the Jack polynomials with prescribed symmetry
AS. This allows to find special families of superpartitions that imply the
existence of clusters of size $k>1$ and order $r\geq 2$.


title: On the bi-Lipschitz contact equivalence of plane complex function-germs

abstract:
  In this short note, we consider the problem of bi-Lipschitz contact
equivalence of complex analytic function-germs of two variables. It is
inquiring about the infinitesimal sizes of such function-germs, up to
bi-Lipschitz changes of coordinates. We show that this problem is equivalent to
the problem of the right topological classification.


title: Some remarks on the symplectic group $Sp(2g, \mathbb{Z})$

abstract:
  Let $G=\Sp(2g,\mathbb{Z})$ be the symplectic group over the integers. Given
$m\in \mathbb{N}$, it is natural to ask if there exists a non-trivial matrix
$A\in G$ such that $A^{m}=I$, where $I$ is the identity matrix in $G$. In this
paper, we determine the possible values of $m\in \mathbb{N}$ for which the
above problem has a solution. We also show that there is an upper bound on the
maximal order of an element in $G$. As an illustration, we apply our results to
the group $\Sp(4,\mathbb{Z})$ and determine the possible orders of elements in
it. Finally, we use a presentation of $\Sp(4,\mathbb{Z})$ to identify some
finite order elements and do explicit computations using the presentation to
verify their orders.


title: An exact Jacobi map in the geodesic light-cone gauge

abstract:
  The remarkable properties of the recently proposed geodesic light-cone (GLC)
gauge allow to explicitly solve the geodetic-deviation equation, and thus to
derive an exact expression for the Jacobi map J^A_B(s,o) connecting a generic
source s to a geodesic observer o in a generic space time. In this gauge J^A_B
factorizes into the product of a local quantity at s times one at o, implying
similarly factorized expressions for the area and luminosity distance. In any
other coordinate system J^A_B is simply given by expressing the GLC quantities
in terms of the corresponding ones in the new coordinates. This is explicitly
done, at first and second order, respectively, for the synchronous and Poisson
gauge-fixing of a perturbed, spatially-flat cosmological background, and the
consistency of the two outcomes is checked. Our results slightly amend previous
calculations of the luminosity-redshift relation and suggest a possible
non-perturbative way for computing the effects of inhomogeneities on
observations based on light-like signals.


title:
Multi-Wavelength Observations of the Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Solar
  Flares with AIA/SDO: I. Universal Scaling Laws of Space and Time Parameters

abstract:
  We extend a previous statistical solar flare study of 155 GOES M- and X-class
flares observed with AIA/SDO (Aschwanden 2012) to all 7 coronal wavelengths
(94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 304, 335 \ang) to test the wavelength-dependence of
scaling laws and statistical distributions. Except for the 171 and 193 \ang\
wavelengths, which are affected by EUV dimming caused by coronal mass ejections
(CMEs), we find near-identical size distributions of geometric (lengths $L$,
flare areas $A$, volumes $V$, fractal dimension $D_2$), temporal (flare
durations $T$), and spatio-temporal parameters (diffusion coefficient $\kappa$,
spreading exponent $\beta$, and maximum expansion velocities $v_{max}$) in
different wavelengths, which are consistent with the universal predictions of
the fractal-diffusive avalanche model of a slowly-driven self-organized
criticality (FD-SOC) system, i.e., $N(L) \propto L^{-3}$, $N(A) \propto
A^{-2}$, $N(V) \propto V^{-5/3}$, $N(T) \propto T^{-2}$, $D_2=3/2$, for a
Euclidean dimension $d=3$. Empirically we find also a new strong correlation
$\kappa \propto L^{0.94\pm0.01}$ and the 3-parameter scaling law $L \propto
\kappa\ T^{0.1}$, which is more consistent with the logistic-growth model than
with classical diffusion. The findings suggest long-range correlation lengths
in the FD-SOC system that operate in the vicinity of a critical state, which
could be used for predictions of individual extreme events. We find also that
eruptive flares (with accompanying CMEs), have larger volumes $V$, longer flare
durations $T$, higher EUV and soft X-ray fluxes, and somewhat larger diffusion
coefficients $\kappa$ than confined flares (without CMEs).


title: The Next Generation of Crystal Detectors

abstract:
  Heavy crystal scintillators are used widely in HEP experiments for precision
measurements of photons and electrons. Future HEP experiments, however, require
crystal scintillators of more bright, more fast, more radiation hard and less
cost. This paper discusses several R&D directions for the next generation of
crystal detectors for future HEP experiments.


title: Bakry-Emery meet Villani

abstract:
  We revisit Villani's approach to the study of hypocoercive diffusion
operators by applying a variant of the Bakry-\'Emery machinery. The method
relies on a generalized Bakry-\'Emery type criterion that applies to Kolmogorov
type operators. Our approach includes as a special case the kinetic
Fokker-Planck equation and allows, in that case, to recover hypocoercive
estimates first obtained by Villani.


title:
Couplings and Strong Approximations to Time Dependent Empirical
  Processes Based on I.I.D. Fractional Brownian Motions

abstract:
  We define a time dependent empirical process based on $n$ i.i.d.~fractional
Brownian motions and establish Gaussian couplings and strong approximations to
it by Gaussian processes. They lead to functional laws of the iterated
logarithm for this process.


title: Day convolution for infinity-categories

abstract:
  Given symmetric monoidal infinity-categories C and D, subject to mild
hypotheses on D, we define an infinity-categorical analog of the Day
convolution symmetric monoidal structure on the functor category Fun(C, D). An
E_infinity monoid for the Day convolution product is a lax monoidal functor
from C to D.


title: Automatic Labeling for Entity Extraction in Cyber Security

abstract:
  Timely analysis of cyber-security information necessitates automated
information extraction from unstructured text. While state-of-the-art
extraction methods produce extremely accurate results, they require ample
training data, which is generally unavailable for specialized applications,
such as detecting security related entities; moreover, manual annotation of
corpora is very costly and often not a viable solution. In response, we develop
a very precise method to automatically label text from several data sources by
leveraging related, domain-specific, structured data and provide public access
to a corpus annotated with cyber-security entities. Next, we implement a
Maximum Entropy Model trained with the average perceptron on a portion of our
corpus ($\sim$750,000 words) and achieve near perfect precision, recall, and
accuracy, with training times under 17 seconds.


title: A Multiscale Pyramid Transform for Graph Signals

abstract:
  Multiscale transforms designed to process analog and discrete-time signals
and images cannot be directly applied to analyze high-dimensional data residing
on the vertices of a weighted graph, as they do not capture the intrinsic
geometric structure of the underlying graph data domain. In this paper, we
adapt the Laplacian pyramid transform for signals on Euclidean domains so that
it can be used to analyze high-dimensional data residing on the vertices of a
weighted graph. Our approach is to study existing methods and develop new
methods for the four fundamental operations of graph downsampling, graph
reduction, and filtering and interpolation of signals on graphs. Equipped with
appropriate notions of these operations, we leverage the basic multiscale
constructs and intuitions from classical signal processing to generate a
transform that yields both a multiresolution of graphs and an associated
multiresolution of a graph signal on the underlying sequence of graphs.


title: David Poole's Specificity Revised

abstract:
  In the middle of the 1980s, David Poole introduced a semantical,
model-theoretic notion of specificity to the artificial-intelligence community.
Since then it has found further applications in non-monotonic reasoning, in
particular in defeasible reasoning. Poole tried to approximate the intuitive
human concept of specificity, which seems to be essential for reasoning in
everyday life with its partial and inconsistent information. His notion,
however, turns out to be intricate and problematic, which --- as we show ---
can be overcome to some extent by a closer approximation of the intuitive human
concept of specificity. Besides the intuitive advantages of our novel
specificity ordering over Poole's specificity relation in the classical
examples of the literature, we also report some hard mathematical facts:
Contrary to what was claimed before, we show that Poole's relation is not
transitive. The present means to decide our novel specificity relation,
however, show only a slight improvement over the known ones for Poole's
relation, and further work is needed in this aspect.


title: Trace asymptotics for subordinate semigroups

abstract:
  We address a conjecture of D. Applebaum on small time trace asymptotics for
subordinate Brownian motion on compact manifolds.


title: Sequences defined by h-vectors

abstract:
  In this paper we consider the sequence whose n^{th} term is the number of
h-vectors of length n. We show that the n^{th} term of this sequence is bounded
above by the n^{th} Fibonacci number and bounded below by the number if integer
partitions of n into distinct parts. Further we show embedded sequences that
directly relate to integer partitions.


title:
On the effective and automatic enumeration of polynomial permutation
  classes

abstract:
  We describe an algorithm, implemented in Python, which can enumerate any
permutation class with polynomial enumeration from a structural description of
the class. In particular, this allows us to find formulas for the number of
permutations of length n which can be obtained by a finite number of block
sorting operations (e.g., reversals, block transpositions, cut-and-paste
moves).


title:
NEXUS/Physics: An interdisciplinary repurposing of physics for
  biologists

abstract:
  In response to increasing calls for the reform of the undergraduate science
curriculum for life science majors and pre-medical students (Bio2010,
Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians, Vision & Change), an
interdisciplinary team has created NEXUS/Physics: a repurposing of an
introductory physics curriculum for the life sciences. The curriculum interacts
strongly and supportively with introductory biology and chemistry courses taken
by life sciences students, with the goal of helping students build general,
multi-discipline scientific competencies. In order to do this, our two-semester
NEXUS/Physics course sequence is positioned as a second year course so students
will have had some exposure to basic concepts in biology and chemistry.
NEXUS/Physics stresses interdisciplinary examples and the content differs
markedly from traditional introductory physics to facilitate this. It extends
the discussion of energy to include interatomic potentials and chemical
reactions, the discussion of thermodynamics to include enthalpy and Gibbs free
energy, and includes a serious discussion of random vs. coherent motion
including diffusion. The development of instructional materials is coordinated
with careful education research. Both the new content and the results of the
research are described in a series of papers for which this paper serves as an
overview and context.


title:
The Braginskii model of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. I. Effects of
  self-generated magnetic fields and thermal conduction in two dimensions

abstract:
  (abridged) There exists a substantial disagreement between computer
simulation results and high-energy density laboratory experiments of the
Rayleigh-Taylor instability Kuranz et al. (2010).
  We adopt the Braginskii formulation for transport in hot, dense plasma,
implement and verify the additional physics modules, and conduct a
computational study of a single-mode RTI in two dimensions with various
combinations of the newly implemented modules.
  We find that magnetic fields reach levels on the order of 11 MG in the
absence of thermal conduction. We observe denting of the RT spike tip and
generation of additional higher order modes as a result of these fields.
Contrary to interpretation presented in earlier work Nishiguchi (2002), the
additional mode is not generated due to modified anisotropic heat transport
effects but due to dynamical effect of self-generated magnetic fields.
  The main effects of thermal conduction are a reduction of the RT instability
growth rate (by about 20% for conditions considered here) and inhibited mixing
on small scales. In this case, the maximum self-generated magnetic fields are
weaker (approximately 1.7 MG). These self-generated magnetic fields are of very
similar strength compared to magnetic fields observed recently in HED
laboratory experiments Manuel et al. (2012).
  We find that thermal conduction plays the dominant role in the evolution of
the model RTI system considered. It smears out small-scale structure and
reduces the RTI growth rate. This may account for the relatively featureless RT
spikes seen in experiments, but does not explain mass extensions observed in
experiments.
  Resistivity and related heat source terms were not included in the present
work, but we estimate their impact on RTI as modest and not affecting our main
conclusions. Resistive effects will be discussed in detail in the next paper in
the series.


title: Edge Decompositions of Hypercubes by Paths

abstract:
  Many authors have investigated edge decompositions of graphs by the edge sets
of isomorphic copies of special subgraphs. For $q$- dimensional hypercubes
$Q_q$ various researchers have done this for cer- tain trees, paths, and
cycles. In this paper we shall say that "$H$ divides $G$" if $E(G)$ is the
disjoint union of $\{fE(H_i) | H_i \simeq H\}$. Our main result is that for $q$
odd and $q < 2^{32}$, the path of length $m$, $P_m$, divides $Q_q$ if and only
if $m \leq q$ and $m | (q \times 2^{q-1})$.


title: Structural identifiability of viscoelastic mechanical systems

abstract:
  We solve the local and global structural identifiability problems for
viscoelastic mechanical models represented by networks of springs and dashpots.
We propose a very simple characterization of both local and global structural
identifiability based on identifiability tables, with the purpose of providing
a guideline for constructing arbitrarily complex, identifiable spring-dashpot
networks. We illustrate how to use our results in a number of examples and
point to some applications in cardiovascular modeling.


title: Genome wide signals of pervasive positive selection in human evolution

abstract:
  The role of positive selection in human evolution remains controversial. On
the one hand, scans for positive selection have identified hundreds of
candidate loci and the genome-wide patterns of polymorphism show signatures
consistent with frequent positive selection. On the other hand, recent studies
have argued that many of the candidate loci are false positives and that most
apparent genome-wide signatures of adaptation are in fact due to reduction of
neutral diversity by linked recurrent deleterious mutations, known as
background selection. Here we analyze human polymorphism data from the 1,000
Genomes project (Abecasis et al. 2012) and detect signatures of pervasive
positive selection once we correct for the effects of background selection. We
show that levels of neutral polymorphism are lower near amino acid
substitutions, with the strongest reduction observed specifically near
functionally consequential amino acid substitutions. Furthermore, amino acid
substitutions are associated with signatures of recent adaptation that should
not be generated by background selection, such as the presence of unusually
long and frequent haplotypes and specific distortions in the site frequency
spectrum. We use forward simulations to show that the observed signatures
require a high rate of strongly adaptive substitutions in the vicinity of the
amino acid changes. We further demonstrate that the observed signatures of
positive selection correlate more strongly with the presence of regulatory
sequences, as predicted by ENCODE (Gerstein et al. 2012), than the positions of
amino acid substitutions. Our results establish that adaptation was frequent in
human evolution and provide support for the hypothesis of King and Wilson (King
and Wilson 1975) that adaptive divergence is primarily driven by regulatory
changes.


title: The Dark Energy Regulated by Emergent Conformal Symmetry

abstract:
  We have found a mechanism which regulates the dark energy in our universe.
With an emergent conformal symmetry, the dark energy density is regulated to
the order of a conformal anomaly parameter in the conformally coupled gravity.
In the late time cosmological evolution, we have obtained a set of exact
cosmological equations which deviate from the Friedmann equations
significantly. Based on the recent observational cosmic expansion data, it is
shown that the dark energy density is about 1/4 of the matter density at
present, which is quite smaller than determined by General Relativity. The jerk
parameter at present is also determined as a definite value 0.47.


title:
Improved dynamics and gravitational collapse of tachyon field coupled
  with a barotropic fluid

abstract:
  We consider a spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of a tachyon field
with an inverse square potential, which is coupled with a barotropic fluid. By
employing an holonomy correction imported from loop quantum cosmology, we
analyse the dynamics of the collapse within a semiclassical description. Using
a dynamical system approach, we find that the stable fixed points given by the
standard general relativistic setting turn into saddle points in the present
context. This provides a new dynamics in contrast to the black hole and naked
singularities solutions appearing in the classical model. Our results suggest
that classical singularities can be avoided by quantum gravity effects and are
replaced by a bounce. By a thorough numerical studies we show that, depending
on the barotropic parameter $\gamma$, there exists a class of solutions
corresponding to either a fluid or a tachyon dominated regimes. Furthermore,
for the case $\gamma \sim 1$, we find an interesting tracking behaviour between
the tachyon and the fluid leading to a dust-like collapse. In addition, we show
that, there exists a threshold scale which determines when an outward energy
flux emerges, as a non-singular black hole is forming, at the corresponding
collapse final stages.