title:
Formation of localized structures in bistable systems through nonlocal
  spatial coupling I: General framework

abstract:
  The present work studies the influence of nonlocal spatial coupling on the
existence of localized structures in 1-dimensional extended systems. We
consider systems described by a real field with a nonlocal coupling that has a
linear dependence on the field. Leveraging spatial dynamics we provide a
general framework to understand the effect of the nonlocality on the shape of
the fronts connecting two stable states. In particular we show that non local
terms can induce spatial oscillations in the front tails, allowing for the
creation of localized structures, emerging from pinning between two fronts. In
parameter space the region where fronts are oscillatory is limited by three
transitions: the modulational instability of the homogeneous state, the
Belyakov-Devaney transition in which monotonic fronts acquire spatial
oscillations with infinite wavelength, and a crossover in which monotonically
decaying fronts develop oscillations with a finite wavelength. We show how
these transitions are organized by codimension 2 and 3 point s and illustrate
how by changing the parameters of the nonlocal coupling it is possible to bring
the system into the region where localized structures can be formed.


title: Rumor processes in random environment on N and on Galton-Watson trees

abstract:
  The aim of this paper is to study rumor processes in random environment. In a
rumor process a signal starts from the stations of a fixed vertex (the root)
and travels on a graph from vertex to vertex. We consider two rumor processes.
In the firework process each station, when reached by the signal, transmits it
up to a random distance. In the reverse firework process, on the other hand,
stations do not send any signal but they "listen" for it up to a random
distance. The first random environment that we consider is the deterministic
1-dimensional tree N with a random number of stations on each vertex; in this
case the root is the origin of N. We give conditions for the
survival/extinction on almost every realization of the sequence of stations.
Later on, we study the processes on Galton-Watson trees with random number of
stations on each vertex. We show that if the probability of survival is
positive, then there is survival on almost every realization of the infinite
tree such that there is at least one station at the root. We characterize the
survival of the process in some cases and we give sufficient conditions for
survival/extinction.


title:
A representation of context-free grammars with the help of finite
  digraphs

abstract:
  For any context-free grammar, we build a transition diagram, that is, a
finite directed graph with labeled arcs, which describes the work of the
grammar. This approach is new, and it is different from previously known graph
models. We define the concept of proper walk in this transition diagram and we
prove that a word belongs to a given context-free language if and only if this
word can be obtained with the help of a proper walk.


title:
Formation of localized structures in bistable systems through nonlocal
  spatial coupling II: The nonlocal Ginzburg Landau Equation

abstract:
  We study the influence of a linear nonlocal spatial coupling on the
interaction of fronts connecting two equivalent stable states in the
prototypical 1-D real Ginzburg-Landau equation. While for local coupling the
fronts are always monotonic and therefore the dynamical behavior leads to
coarsening and the annihilation of pairs of fronts, nonlocal terms can induce
spatial oscillations in the front, allowing for the creation of localized
structures, emerging from pinning between two fronts. We show this for three
different nonlocal influence kernels. The first two, mod-exponential and
Gaussian, are positive-definite and decay exponentially or faster, while the
third one, a Mexican-hat kernel, is not positive definite.


title: On dynamical realizations of l-conformal Galilei groups

abstract:
  We consider the dynamics invariant under the action of l-conformal Galilei
group using the method of nonlinear realizations.
  We find that by an appropriate choice of the coset space parametrization one
can achieve the complete decoupling of the equations of motion. The Lagrangian
and Hamiltonian are constructed. The results are compared with those obtained
by Galajinsky and Masterov [Nucl. Phys. B860, (2013), 212].


title:
Spatio-spectral characteristics of parametric down-conversion in
  waveguide arrays

abstract:
  High dimensional quantum states are of fundamental interest for quantum
information processing. They give access to large Hilbert spaces and, in turn,
enable the encoding of quantum information on multiple modes. One method to
create such quantum states is parametric down-conversion (PDC) in waveguide
arrays (WGAs) which allows for the creation of highly entangled photon-pairs in
controlled, easily accessible spatial modes, with unique spectral properties.
In this paper we examine both theoretically and experimentally the PDC process
in a lithium niobate WGA. We measure the spatial and spectral properties of the
emitted photon-pairs, revealing strong correlations between spectral and
spatial degrees of freedom of the created photons. Our measurements show that,
in contrast to prior theoretical approaches, spectrally dependent coupling
effects have to be taken into account in the theory of PDC in WGAs. To
interpret the results, we developed a theoretical model specifically taking
into account spectrally dependent coupling effects, which further enables us to
explore the capabilities and limitations for engineering the spatial
correlations of the generated quantum states.


title:
Eigenmode decomposition of the near-field enhancement in localized
  surface plasmon resonances of metallic nanoparticles

abstract:
  I present a direct and intuitive eigenmode method that evaluates the
near-field enhancement around the surface of metallic nanoparticles of
arbitrary shape. The method is based on the boundary integral equation in the
electrostatic limit. Besides the nanoparticle polarizability and the far-field
response, the near-field enhancement around nanoparticles can be also
conveniently expressed as an eigenmode sum of resonant terms. Moreover, the
spatial configuration of the near-field enhancement depends explicitly on the
eigenfunctions of both the BIE integral operator and of its adjoint. It is also
established a direct physical meaning of the two types of eigenfunctions. While
it is well known that the eigenfunctions of the BIE operator are electric
charge modes, it is less known and used that the eigenfunctions of the adjoint
represent the electric potential generated by the charge modes. For the
enhanced spectroscopies the present method allows an easy identification of hot
spots which are located in the regions with maximum charge densities and/or
regions with fast variations of the electric potential generated by the charge
modes on the surface. This study also clarifies the similarities and the
differences between the far-field and the near-field behavior of plasmonic
systems. Finally, the analysis of concrete examples like the nearly touching
dimer, the prolate spheroid, and the nanorod illustrate some modalities to
improve the near-field enhancement.


title: Instanton String and M-Wave in Multiple M5-Branes System

abstract:
  We consider the non-abelian self-dual two-form theory arXiv:1203.4224 and
find new exact solutions. Our solutions are supported by Yang-Mills
(anti)instantons in 4-dimensions and describe wave moving in null directions.
We argue and provide evidence that these instanton string solutions correspond
to M-wave (MW) on the worldvolume of multiple M5-branes. When dimensionally
reduced on a circle, the MW/M5 system is reduced to the D0/D4 system with the
D0-branes represented by the Yang-Mills instanton of the D4-branes Yang-Mills
gauge theory. We show that this picture is precisely reproduced by the
dimensional reduction of our instanton string solutions.


title:
Full correlation single-particle positron potentials for a positron and
  a positronium interacting with atoms

abstract:
  In this work we define single-particle potentials for a positron and a
positronium atom interacting with light atoms (H, He, Li and Be) by inverting a
single-particle Schr\"odinger equation. For this purpose, we use accurate
energies and positron densities obtained from the many-body wavefunction of the
corresponding positronic systems. The introduced potentials describe the exact
correlations for the calculated systems including the formation of a
positronium atom. We show that the scattering lengths and the low-energy s-wave
phase shifts from accurate many-body calculations are well accounted for by the
introduced potential. We also calculate self-consistent two-component
density-functional theory positron potentials and densities for the bound
positronic systems within the local density approximation. They are in a very
good agreement with the many-body results, provided that the
finite-positron-density electron-positron correlation potential is used, and
they can also describe systems comprising a positronium atom. We argue that the
introduced single-particle positron potentials defined for single molecules are
transferable to the condensed phase when the inter-molecular interactions are
weak. When this condition is fulfilled, the total positron potential can be
constructed in a good approximation as the superposition of the molecular
potentials.


title: On the immersion classes of nearby Lagrangians

abstract:
  We show that the transfer map on Floer homotopy types associated to an exact
Lagrangian embedding is an equivalence. This provides an obstruction to
representing isotopy classes of Lagrangian immersions by Lagrangian embeddings,
which, unlike previous obstructions, is sensitive to information that cannot be
detected by Floer cochains. We show this by providing a concrete computation in
the case of spheres.


title: Observation of the cosmic-ray shadow of the Moon with IceCube

abstract:
  We report on the observation of a significant deficit of cosmic rays from the
direction of the Moon with the IceCube detector. The study of this "Moon
shadow" is used to characterize the angular resolution and absolute pointing
capabilities of the detector. The detection is based on data taken in two
periods before the completion of the detector: between April 2008 and May 2009,
when IceCube operated in a partial configuration with 40 detector strings
deployed in the South Pole ice, and between May 2009 and May 2010 when the
detector operated with 59 strings. Using two independent analysis methods, the
Moon shadow has been observed to high significance (> 6 sigma) in both detector
configurations. The observed location of the shadow center is within 0.2
degrees of its expected position when geomagnetic deflection effects are taken
into account. This measurement validates the directional reconstruction
capabilities of IceCube.


title:
Toroidal, compression, and vortical dipole strengths in $^{144-154}$Sm:
  Skyrme-RPA exploration of deformation effect

abstract:
  A comparative analysis of toroidal, compressional and vortical dipole
strengths in the spherical $^{144}$Sm and the deformed $^{154}$Sm is performed
within the random-phase-approximation using a set of different Skyrme forces.
Isoscalar (T=0), isovector (T=1), and electromagnetic excitation channels are
considered. The role of the nuclear convection $j_{\text{con}}$ and
magnetization $j_{\text{mag}}$ currents is inspected. It is shown that the
deformation leads to an appreciable redistribution of the strengths and causes
a spectacular deformation splitting (exceeding 5 MeV) of the isoscalar
compressional mode. In $^{154}$Sm, the $\mu$=0 and $\mu$=1 branches of the mode
form well separated resonances. When stepping from $^{144}$Sm to $^{154}$Sm, we
observe an increase of the toroidal, compression and vortical contributions in
the low-energy region (often called pygmy resonance). The strength in this
region seems to be an overlap of various excitation modes. The energy centroids
of the strengths depend significantly on the isoscalar effective mass $m_0$.
Skyrme forces with a large $m_0$ (typically $m_0/m \approx 0.8 - 1$) seem to be
more suitable for description of experimental data for the isoscalar giant
dipole resonance.


title:
Supernova Explosions of Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Multicolor
  Light Curves of Electron-Capture Supernovae

abstract:
  An electron-capture supernova (ECSN) is a core-collapse supernova (CCSN)
explosion of a super-asymptotic giant branch (SAGB) star with a main-sequence
mass $M_{\rm ms}\sim7-9.5M_\odot$. The explosion takes place in accordance with
core bounce and subsequent neutrino heating and is a unique example
successfully produced by first-principle simulations. This allows us to derive
a first self-consistent multicolor light curves of a CCSN. Adopting the
explosion properties derived by the first-principle simulation, i.e., the low
explosion energy of $1.5\times10^{50}$ erg and the small $^{56}$Ni mass of
$2.5\times10^{-3}M_\odot$, we perform a multigroup radiation hydrodynamics
calculation of ECSNe and present multicolor light curves of ECSNe of SAGB stars
with various envelope mass and hydrogen abundance. We demonstrate that a shock
breakout has peak luminosity of $L\sim2\times10^{44}$ erg/s and can evaporate
circumstellar dust up to $R\sim10^{17}$ cm for a case of carbon dust, that
plateau luminosity and plateau duration of ECSNe are $L\sim10^{42}$ erg/s and
$t\sim60-100$ days, respectively, and that a plateau is followed by a tail with
a luminosity drop by $\sim4$ mag. The ECSN shows a bright and short plateau
that is as bright as typical Type II plateau supernovae, and a faint tail that
might be influenced by spin-down luminosity of a newborn pulsar. Furthermore,
the theoretical models are compared with ECSN candidates: SN 1054 and SN 2008S.
We find that SN 1054 shares the characteristics of the ECSNe. For SN 2008S, we
find that its faint plateau requires an ECSN model with a significantly low
explosion energy of $E\sim10^{48}$ erg.


title: Existence of the lattice on general $H$-type groups

abstract:
  Let $\mathscr N$ be a two step nilpotent Lie algebra endowed with
non-degenerate scalar product $\langle\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle$ and let $\mathscr
N=V\oplus_{\perp}Z$, where $Z$ is the center of the Lie algebra and $V$ its
orthogonal complement with respect to the scalar product. We prove that if
$(V,\langle\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle_V)$ is the Clifford module for the Clifford
algebra $\Cl(Z,\langle\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle_Z)$ such that the homomorphism
$J\colon \Cl(Z,\langle\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle_Z)\to\End(V)$ is skew symmetric with
respect to the scalar product $\langle\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle_V$, or in other
words the Lie algebra $\mathscr N$ satisfies conditions of general $H$-type Lie
algebras ~\cite{Ciatti, GKM}, then there is a basis with respect to which the
structural constants of the Lie algebra $\mathscr N$ are all $\pm 1$ or 0.


title: More on the Hypercharge Portal into the Dark Sector

abstract:
  If the hidden sector contains more than one U(1) groups, additional dim-4
couplings (beyond the kinetic mixing) between the massive U(1) fields and the
hypercharge generally appear. These are of the form similar to the Chern-Simons
interactions. We study the phenomenology of such couplings including
constraints from laboratory experiments and implications for dark matter. The
hidden vector fields can play the role of dark matter whose characteristic
signature would be monochromatic gamma ray emission from the galactic center.
We show that this possibility is consistent with the LHC and other laboratory
constraints, as well as astrophysical bounds.


title: About an H-theorem for systems with non-conservative interactions

abstract:
  We exhibit some arguments in favour of an H-theorem for a generalization of
the Boltzmann equation including non-conservative interactions and a linear
Fokker-Planck-like thermostatting term. Such a non-linear equation describing
the evolution of the single particle probability $P_i(t)$ of being in state $i$
at time $t$, is a suitable model for granular gases and is indicated here as
Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck (BFP) equation. The conjectured H-functional, which
appears to be non-increasing, is $H_C(t)=\sum_i P_i(t) \ln P_i(t)/\Pi_i$ with
$\Pi_i = \lim_{t \to \infty} P_i(t)$, in analogy with the H-functional of
Markov processes. The extension to continuous states is straightforward. A
simple proof can be given for the elastic BFP equation. A semi-analytical proof
is also offered for the BFP equation for so-called inelastic Maxwell molecules.
Other evidence is obtained by solving particular BFP cases through numerical
integration or through "particle schemes" such as the Direct Simulation Monte
Carlo.


title: Two Trivial Attacks on A5/1:A GSM Stream Cipher

abstract:
  Stream ciphers play an important role in those applications where high
throughput remains critical and resources are very restricted e.g. in Europe
and North America, A5/1 is widely used stream cipher that ensure
confidentiality of conversations in GSM mobile phones. However careful security
analysis of such cipher is very important due to widespread practical
applicability. The basic building blocks used in the design of A5/1 are linear
feedback shift registers (LFSRs). Algebraic attacks are new and very powerful
tool to cryptanalyse LFSRs based stream ciphers even non-linear combiner are
concerned. In this paper we compared previous attacks on A5/1 as well as an
algebraic attack and a new improved guess and determine attack is proposed.


title:
Partitioned treatment of uncertainty in coupled domain problems: A
  separated representation approach

abstract:
  This work is concerned with the propagation of uncertainty across coupled
domain problems with high-dimensional random inputs. A stochastic model
reduction approach based on low-rank separated representations is proposed for
the partitioned treatment of the uncertainty space. The construction of the
coupled domain solution is achieved though a sequence of approximations with
respect to the dimensionality of the random inputs associated with each
individual sub-domain and not the combined dimensionality, hence drastically
reducing the overall computational cost. The coupling between the sub-domain
solutions is done via the classical Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting
(FETI) method, thus providing a well suited framework for parallel computing.
Two high-dimensional stochastic problems, a 2D elliptic PDE with random
diffusion coefficient and a stochastic linear elasticity problem, have been
considered to study the performance and accuracy of the proposed stochastic
coupling approach.


title:
$l^J \to l^I \gamma$ in the Standard Model with general dimension 6
  terms

abstract:
  We investigate the possibility of lepton flavor violation in the decays
$\mu\to e\gamma$, $\tau \to \mu\gamma$ and $\tau \to e\gamma$ as well as
electric dipole moment and anomalous magnetic moment of charged leptons in the
extension of the Standard Model with the most general set of gauge-invariant
operators up to dimension 6.


title:
Mechanochemical synthesis of pnictide compounds and superconducting
  Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 bulks with high critical current density

abstract:
  BaFe2As2 (Ba-122) and (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 (K-doped Ba-122) powders were
successfully synthesized from the elements using a reaction method, which
incorporates a mechanochemical reaction using high-impact ball milling.
Mechanically-activated, self-sustaining reactions (MSR) were observed while
milling the elements together to form these compounds. After the MSR, the
Ba-122 phase had formed, the powder had an average grain size < 1 {\mu}m, and
the material was effectively mixed. X-ray diffraction confirmed Ba-122 was the
primary phase present after milling. Heat treatment of the K-doped MSR powder
at high temperature and pressure yielded dense samples with high phase purity
but only granular current flow could be visualized by magneto optical imaging.
In contrast, a short, low temperature, heat treatment at ambient pressure
resulted in global current flow throughout the bulk sample even though the
density was lower and impurity phases were more prevalent. An optimized heat
treatment involving a two-step, low temperature, heat treatment of the MSR
powder produced bulk material with very high critical current density above 0.1
MAcm-2 (4.2 K, 0 T).


title:
Nonlinear dynamics of running: Speed, stability, symmetry and the
  effects of leg amputations

abstract:
  In this paper, we study dynamic stability during running, focusing on the
effects of speed and the use of a leg prosthesis. We compute and compare the
maximal Lyapunov exponents of kinematic time-series data from subjects with and
without unilateral transtibial amputations running at a wide range of speeds.
We find that the dynamics of the affected leg with the running-specific
prosthesis are less stable than the dynamics of the unaffected leg, and also
less stable than the biological legs of the non-amputee runners. Surprisingly,
we find that the center-of-mass dynamics of runners with two intact biological
legs are slightly less stable than those of runners with amputations. Our
results suggest that while leg asymmetries may be associated with instability,
runners may compensate for this effect by increased control of their
center-of-mass dynamics.


title: Violation of Bell's inequality in fluid mechanics

abstract:
  We show that a classical fluid mechanical system can violate Bell's
inequality because the fluid motion is correlated over large distances.


title: LARES succesfully launched in orbit: satellite and mission description

abstract:
  On February 13th 2012, the LARES satellite of the Italian Space Agency (ASI)
was launched into orbit with the qualification flight of the new VEGA launcher
of the European Space Agency (ESA). The payload was released very accurately in
the nominal orbit. The name LARES means LAser RElativity Satellite and
summarises the objective of the mission and some characteristics of the
satellite. It is, in fact, a mission designed to test Einstein's General
Relativity Theory (specifically 'frame dragging' and Lense-Thirring effect).
The satellite is passive and covered with optical retroreflectors that send
back laser pulses to the emitting ground station. This allows accurate
positioning of the satellite, which is important for measuring the very small
deviations from Galilei-Newton's laws. In 2008, ASI selected the prime
industrial contractor for the LARES system with a heavy involvement of the
universities in all phases of the programme, from the design to the
construction and testing of the satellite and separation system. The data
exploitation phase started immediately after the launch under a new contract
between ASI and those universities. Tracking of the satellite is provided by
the International Laser Ranging Service. Due to its particular design, LARES is
the orbiting object with the highest known mean density in the solar system. In
this paper, it is shown that this peculiarity makes it the best proof particle
ever manufactured. Design aspects, mission objectives and preliminary data
analysis will be also presented.


title: Optical Polarimetry of the Inner Crab Nebula and Pulsar

abstract:
  Time-resolved polarisation measurements of pulsars offer an unique insight
into the geometry of their emission regions. Such measure\ ments provide
observational constraints on the different models proposed for the pulsar
emission mechanisms. Optical polarisation data of the Crab Nebula was obtained
from the HST archive. The data set consists of a series of observations of the
nebula taken with the HST/ACS. We produced polarisation vector maps of the
inner nebula and measured, for the first time, the degree of linear
polarisation (P.D.) and the position angle (P.A.) of the pulsar's integrated
pulse beam, and of its nearby synchrotron knot. This yielded $\rm
P.D.=5.2\pm0.3%$ and $\rm P.A.=105.1\pm1.6\degr$ for the pulsar, and $\rm
P.D.=59.0\pm1.9%$ and $\rm P.A.=124.7\pm1.0\degr$ for the synchrotron knot.
This is the first high-spatial resolution multi-epoch study of the polarisation
of the inner nebula and pulsar. None of the main features in the nebula show
evidence of significant polarisation evolution in the period covered by these
observations. The results for the pulsar are consistent with those obtained by
S{\l}owikowska et al (2009) using the high-time resolution photo-polarimeter
OPTIMA, once the DC component has been subtracted. Our results clearly prove
that the knot is the main source of the DC component.


title:
The Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter: An All-Stokes Optical
  Polarimeter with Ultra-High Time Resolution

abstract:
  Many astronomical objects emit polarised light, which can give information
both about their source mechanisms, and about (scattering) geometry in their
source regions. To date (mostly) only the linearly polarised components of the
emission have been observed in stellar sources. Observations have been
constrained because of instrumental considerations to periods of excellent
observing conditions, and to steady, slowly or periodically-varying sources.
This leaves a whole range of interesting objects beyond the range of
observation at present. The Galway Astronomical Stokes Polarimeter (GASP) has
been developed to enable us to make observations on these very sources. GASP
measures the four components of the Stokes Vector simultaneously over a broad
wavelength range 400-800nm., with a time resolution of order microseconds given
suitable detectors and a bright source - this is possible because the optical
design contains no moving or modulating components. The initial design of GASP
is presented and we include some preliminary observational results
demonstrating that components of the Stokes vector can be measured to <1% in
conditions of poor atmospheric stability. Issues of efficiency and stability
are addressed. An analysis of suitable astronomical targets, demanding the
unique properties of GASP, is also presented.


title: Long-term drifts of stray electric fields in a Paul trap

abstract:
  We investigate the evolution of quasi-static stray electric fields in a
linear Paul trap over a period of several months. Depending on how these
electric fields are initially induced we observe very different time scales for
the field drifts. Photo-induced electric fields decay on time scales of days.
We interpret this as photo-electrically generated charges on insulating
materials which decay via discharge currents. In contrast, stray fields due to
the exposure of the ion trap to a beam of Ba atoms mainly exhibit slow dynamics
on the order of months. We explain this observation as a consequence of a
coating of the trap electrodes by the atomic beam. This may lead to contact
potentials which can slowly drift over time due to atomic diffusion and
chemical processes on the surface. In order not to perturb the field
evolutions, we suppress the generation of additional charges and atomic
coatings in the Paul trap during the measurements. For this, we shield the ion
trap from ambient light and only allow the use of near-infrared lasers.
Furthermore, we minimize the flux of atoms into the ion trap chamber. Long-term
operation of our shielded trap led us to a regime of very low residual electric
field drifts of less than 0.03 V/m per day.


title: Mod\`ele multi-\'echelles pour les services dans les VANET

abstract:
  Service deployment, integration and interactions in VANET are fast expanding.
They are now focusing only on driver security. In the future, with in-car
application deployments, the car will be considered as a user extension - in
the same way as smartphones actually. We propose a multi-level graph model to
challenge this VANET / Application / User integration.


title: Amenability of Closed Subgroups and Orlicz Spaces

abstract:
  We prove that a closed subgroup $H$ of a second countable locally compact
group $G$ is amenable if and only if its left regular representation on an
Orlicz space $L^\Phi(G)$ for some $\Delta_2$-regular $N$-function $\Phi$ almost
has invariant vectors. We also show that a noncompact second countable locally
compact group $G$ is amenable if and ony if the first cohomology space
$H^1(G,L^\Phi(G))$ is non-Hausdorff for some $\Delta_2$-regular $N$-function
$\Phi$.


title: ADTool: Security Analysis with Attack-Defense Trees (Extended Version)

abstract:
  The ADTool is free, open source software assisting graphical modeling and
quantitative analysis of security, using attack-defense trees. The main
features of the ADTool are easy creation, efficient editing, and automated
bottom-up evaluation of security-relevant measures. The tool also supports the
usage of attack trees, protection trees and defense trees, which are all
particular instances of attack-defense trees.


title: Weyl geometry and gauge-invariant gravitation

abstract:
  We provide a gauge-invariant theory of gravitation in the context of Weyl
Integrable Space-Times. After making a brief review of the theory's postulates,
we carefully define the observers' proper-time and point out its relation with
space-time description. As a consequence of this relation and the theory's
gauge symmetry we recover all predictions of General Relativity. This feature
is made even clearer by a new exact solution we provide which reveals the
importance of a well defined proper-time. The thermodynamical description of
the source fields is given and we observe that each of the geometric fields
have a certain physical significance, despite the gauge-invariance. This is
shown by two examples, where one of them consists of a new cosmological
constant solution. Our conclusions highlight the intimate relation among test
particles trajectories, proper-time and space-time description which can also
be applied in any other situation, whether or not it recovers General
Relativity results and also in the absence of a gauge symmetry.


title:
Optimal portfolios of a long-term investor with floor or drawdown
  constraints

abstract:
  We study the portfolio selection problem of a long-run investor who is
maximising the asymptotic growth rate of her expected utility. We show that,
somewhat surprisingly, it is essentially not affected by introduction of a
floor constraint which requires the wealth process to dominate a given
benchmark at all times. We further study the notion of long-run optimality of
wealth processes via convergence of finite horizon value functions to the
asymptotic optimal value. We characterise long-run optimality under floor and
drawdown constraints.


title:
Discovery of the broad-lined Type Ic SN 2013cq associated with the very
  energetic GRB 130427A

abstract:
  Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) at z < 1 are in most cases found to be
accompanied by bright, broad-lined Type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL). The
highest-energy GRBs are mostly located at higher redshifts, where the
associated SNe are hard to detect observationally. Here we present early and
late observations of the optical counterpart of the very energetic GRB 130427A.
Despite its moderate redshift z = 0.3399+/-0.0002, GRB 130427A is at the high
end of the GRB energy distribution, with an isotropic-equivalent energy release
of Eiso ~ 9.6x10^53 erg, more than an order of magnitude more energetic than
other GRBs with spectroscopically confirmed SNe. In our dense photometric
monitoring, we detect excess flux in the host-subtracted r-band light curve,
consistent with what expected from an emerging SN, ~0.2 mag fainter than the
prototypical SN 1998bw. A spectrum obtained around the time of the SN peak
(16.7 days after the GRB) reveals broad undulations typical of SNe Ic-BL,
confirming the presence of a SN, designated SN 2013cq. The spectral shape and
early peak time are similar to those of the high expansion velocity SN 2010bh
associated with GRB 100316D. Our findings demonstrate that high-energy
long-duration GRBs, commonly detected at high redshift, can also be associated
with SNe Ic-BL, pointing to a common progenitor mechanism.


title: Constraining $\tau$-lepton dipole moments and gluon couplings at the LHC

abstract:
  We study the constraints that can be placed on anomalous $\tau$-lepton
couplings at the LHC. We use an effective Lagrangian description for physics
beyond the standard model which contains the $\tau$-lepton anomalous magnetic
moment, electric dipole moment and weak dipole moments in two operators of
dimension six. We include in our study two additional operators of dimension
eight that directly couple the $\tau$-leptons to gluons and are therefore
enhanced at the LHC. We consider the two main effects from these couplings:
modifications to the Drell-Yan cross-section and to the $\tau$-lepton pair
production in association with a Higgs boson. We find that a measurement of the
former at the 14% level can produce constraints comparable to existing ones for
the anomalous dipole couplings; and that a bound on the latter at a sensitivity
level of $500\ \sigma_{SM}$ or better would produce the best constraint on the
$\tau$-gluonic couplings.


title: Phenomenology with a non-zero B_s decay width difference

abstract:
  The experimentally established non-zero decay width difference of the B_s
meson system gives us access to a mass eigenstate rate asymmetry for each B_s
transition. This observable is not only the key ingredient in converting
between differing definitions of a B_s branching ratio, but can also be a
sensitive probe of New Physics that does not require flavour tagging. We
discuss how a pair of effective lifetimes for CP even and odd final states,
which probe this asymmetry, can constrain the parameters of B_s mixing. We then
shift our focus to the rare decay B_s to mu+ mu-, for which the Standard Model
branching ratio prediction receives a sizable correction due to a maximal
asymmetry. We present how this asymmetry, which can be extracted from an
untagged time-dependent measurement, serves as a new observable, complementary
to the branching ratio, for constraining New Physics. Further, we analyse types
of models beyond the Standard Model that this pair of observables for B_s to
mu+ mu- can discriminate between.


title: Theory of Self-Induced Vortex State in Ferromagnetic Superconductors

abstract:
  We have developed the quasi-classical formalism for a self-induced vortex
state in ferromagnetic superconductors. By combining the spatially averaged
approximation of the superconductivity with the phenomenological form of the
ferromagnetism, we demonstrate the thermodynamic properties of the p-wave
triplet equal-spin-pairing state with the spontaneous vortex lattice. The
occurrence condition for the self-induced vortex state is discussed within this
formalism. The comparison of the calculated quantities with the observed ones
indicates that the self-induced vortex state indeed occurs in UCoGe, and its
pairing symmetry seems to be the A2-type with a small spin difference in the
gap magnitudes. In the vicinity of the ferromagnetic quantum critical point
with a large uniform susceptibility, it is possible to exhibit the type-II to
the type-I transition in the magnetization process.


title:
About the Discriminant Power of the Subgraph Centrality and Other
  Centrality Measures About the Discriminant Power of the Subgraph Centrality
  and Other Centrality Measures(Working paper)

abstract:
  The discriminant power of centrality indices for the degree, eigenvector,
closeness, betweenness and subgraph centrality is analyzed. It is defined by
the number of graphs for which the standard deviation of the centrality of its
nodes is zero. On the basis of empirical analysis it is concluded that the
subgraph centrality displays better discriminant power than the rest of
centralities. We also propose some new conjectures about the types of graphs
for which the subgraph centrality does not discriminate among nonequivalent
nodes.


title: Electroweak Sudakov Corrections to New Physics Searches at the CERN LHC

abstract:
  We compute the one-loop electroweak Sudakov corrections to the production
process Z (nu bar{nu}) + n jets, with n = 1,2,3, in p p collisions at the LHC.
It represents the main irreducible background to new physics searches at the
energy frontier. The results are obtained at the leading and next-to-leading
logarithmic accuracy by implementing the general algorithm of Denner-Pozzorini
in the event generator for multiparton processes ALPGEN. For the standard
selection cuts used by ATLAS and CMS collaborations, we show that the Sudakov
corrections to the relevant observables can grow up to - 40% at sqrt{s} = 14
TeV. We also include the contribution due to undetected real radiation of
massive gauge bosons, to show to what extent the partial cancellation with the
large negative virtual corrections takes place in realistic event selections.


title: The Physics of the Far Future

abstract:
  We observe the past and present of the universe, but can we predict the far
future? Observations suggest that in thousands of billions of years from now
most matter and radiation will be absorbed by the cosmological horizon. As it
absorbs the contents of the universe, the cosmological horizon is pushed
further and further away. In time, the universe asymptotes towards an
equilibrium state of the gravitational field. Flat Minkowski space is the limit
of this process. It is indistinguishable from a space with an extremely small
cosmological constant (\Lambda -> 0) and thus has divergent entropy.


title: The mass of the two lightest quarks

abstract:
  The problems encountered in the determination of m_u and m_d are discussed.
While their sum is known quite well, the difference m_d-m_u, which measures the
breaking of isospin symmetry in the QCD Lagrangian, is still subject to
significant uncertainties. I focus on recent work based on the dispersive
analysis of the decay eta -> 3 pi, which offers a good handle on isospin
breaking, because in that transition, the contributions from the e.m.
interaction are suppressed.


title:
Optomechanics assisted with a qubit: From dissipative state preparation
  to many-body physics

abstract:
  We propose and analyze nonlinear optomechanical protocols that can be
implemented by adding a single atom to an optomechanical cavity. In particular,
we show how to engineer the environment in order to dissipatively prepare the
mechanical oscillator in a superposition of Fock states with fidelity close to
one. Furthermore, we discuss how a single atom in a cavity with several
mechanical oscillators can be exploited to realize nonlinear many-body physics
by stroboscopically driving the mechanical oscillators. We show how to prepare
non-classical many-body states by either applying coherent protocols or
engineering dissipation. The analysis of the protocols is carried out using a
perturbation theory for degenerate Liouvillians and numerical tools. Our
results apply to other systems where a qubit is coupled to a mechanical
oscillator via a bosonic mode, e.g., in cavity quantum electromechanics.


title:
Dynamical Casimir Effect in dissipative media: When is the final state
  non-separable ?

abstract:
  We study the consequences of dissipation in homogeneous media when the system
is subject to a sudden change, thereby producing pairs of correlated
quasi-particles with opposite momenta. We compute both the modifications of the
spectrum, and those of the correlations. In particular, we compute the final
coherence level, and identify the regimes where the state is non-separable. To
isolate the role of dissipation, we first consider dispersive media and study
the competition between the intensity of the jump which induces some coherence,
and the temperature which reduces it. The contributions of stimulated and
spontaneous emission are clearly identified. We then study how dissipation
modifies this competition.


title: On disjunctions of equations over semigroups

abstract:
  A semigroup $S$ is called an equational domain (e.d.) if any finite union of
algebraic sets over $S$ is algebraic. For a semigroup $S$ with a finite ideal
we find the necessary and sufficient conditions to be an e.d.


title: On disjunctions of equations over finite simple semigroups

abstract:
  A semigroup $S$ is called an equational domain if any finite union of
algebraic sets over $S$ is algebraic. For a finite simple semigroup we find
necessary and sufficient conditions to be an equational domain. Moreover, we
study semigroups with nontrivial center and prove that any such semigroup is
not an equational domain.


title: Algebraic geometry over Boolean algebras in the language with constants

abstract:
  We study equations over boolean algebras with distinguished elements. We
prove the criteria, when a boolean algebra is equationally Noetherian, weakly
equationally Noetherian, $\mathbf{q}_\omega$-compact or
$\mathbf{u}_\omega$-compact. Also we solve the problem of geometric equivalence
in the class of boolean algebras with distinguished elements.


title: The Riemann hypothesis proved

abstract:
  The Riemann hypothesis is proved by quantum-extending the zeta Riemann
function to a quantum mapping between quantum $1$-spheres with quantum algebra
$A=\mathbb{C}$, in the sense of A. Pr\'astaro \cite{PRAS01, PRAS02}. Algebraic
topologic properties of quantum-complex manifolds and suitable bordism groups
of morphisms in the category $\mathfrak{Q}_{\mathbb{C}}$ of quantum-complex
manifolds are utilized.


title:
Two-loop perturbative corrections to the thermal effective potential in
  gluodynamics

abstract:
  The thermodynamics of pure glue theories can be described in terms of an
effective action for the Polyakov loop. This effective action is of the
Landau-Ginzburg type and its variables are the angles parametrizing the loop.
In this paper we compute perturbative corrections to this action. Remarkably,
two-loop corrections turn out to be proportional to the one-loop action,
independent of the eigenvalues of the loop. By a straightforward generalization
of the 't Hooft coupling this surprisingly simple result holds for any of the
classical and exceptional groups.


title: Galactic Dynamics Using 1/r Force Without Dark Matter

abstract:
  Dark matter, a conjectured substance not directly observable but which has
tremendous mass, was proposed to explain why galaxies hold together and rotate
faster at their edges than predicted by Newton's Inverse Square (1/r2) Law of
Gravity. Here we propose an alternative, an Inverse Law (1/r), which explains
galactic morphology and rotation without dark matter. By varying initial
conditions, the Inverse Law can systematically and easily generate realistic
galactic formations including spirals, cartwheels (extremely difficult under
Newtonian gravity), bars, rings, and spokes. This model can also produce
filaments and void structures reminiscent of the large-scale structure of the
universe. Newtonian gravity cannot do all this without dark matter. Occam's
Razor suggests that at galactic scales, gravity should be 1/r and dark matter
is unnecessary. This simple model with its self-organizing emergent properties,
combined with dynamical systems theory, has broader implications. It may help
us understand more complex systems.


title:
Studies on a frustrated Heisenberg spin chain with alternating
  ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchanges

abstract:
  We study Heisenberg spin-1/2 and spin-1 chains with alternating ferromagnetic
($J_1^F$) and antiferromagnetic ($J_1^A$) nearest-neighbor interactions and a
ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction ($J_2^F$). In this model
frustration is present due to the non-zero $J_2^F$. The model with site spin
$s$ behaves like a Haldane spin chain with site spin 2$s$ in the limit of
vanishing $J_2^F$ and large $J_1^F/J_1^A$. We show that the exact ground state
of the model can be found along a line in the parameter space. For fixed
$J_1^F$, the phase diagram in the space of $J_1^A-J_2^F$ is determined using
numerical techniques complemented by analytical calculations. A number of
quantities, including the structure factor, energy gap, entanglement entropy
and zero temperature magnetization, are studied to understand the complete
phase diagram. An interesting and potentially important feature of this model
is that it can exhibit a macroscopic magnetization jump in the presence of a
magnetic field; we study this using an effective Hamiltonian.


title: Quantum walk in symmetric Cayley graph over $\Z_2^n$

abstract:
  We show that the hitting time of the discrete quantum walk on a symmetric
Cayley graph over $\Z_2^n $ from a vertex to its antipodal is polynomial in
degree of the graph. We prove that returning time of quantum walk on a
symmetric Cayley graph over $\Z_2^n $ is polynomial and the probability to hit
is almost one. To prove it, we give a new estimation of Kravchuk coefficients.
We give an example of a probabilistic polynomial algorithm that finds an
antipodal vertex in symmetric Cayley graphs.


title:
Finite-size, magnetic and chemical-potential effects on first-order
  phase transitions

abstract:
  We perform a study about effects of an applied magnetic field and a finite
chemical potential on the size-dependent phase structure of a first-order
transition. These effects are introduced by using methods of quantum fields
defined on toroidal spaces, and we study in particular the case of two
compactified dimensions, imaginary time and a spatial one (a heated film). It
is found that for any value of the applied field, there is a minimal size of
the system, independent of the chemical potential, below which the transition
disappears.


title:
Commutative and Non-commutative Parallelogram Geometry: an Experimental
  Approach

abstract:
  By "parallelogram geometry" we mean the elementary, "commutative", geometry
corresponding to vector addition, and by "trapezoid geometry" a certain
"non-commutative deformation" of the former. This text presents an elementary
approach via exercises using dynamical software (such as geogebra), hopefully
accessible to a wide mathematical audience, from undergraduate students and
high school teachers to researchers, proceeding in three steps: (1)
experimental geometry, (2) algebra (linear algebra and elementary group
theory), and (3) axiomatic geometry.


title:
Wavefunction Vortex Attachment via Matrix Products: Application to
  Atomic Fermi Gases in Flat Spin-Orbit Bands

abstract:
  Variational wavefunctions that introduce zeros (vortices) to screen repulsive
interactions are typically difficult to verify in unbiased microscopic
calculations. An approach is constructed to insert vortices into ansatz
wavefunctions using a matrix product representation. This approach opens the
door to validation of a broad class of Jastrow-based wavefunctions. The
formalism is applied to a model motivated by experiments on ultracold atomic
gases in the presence of synthetic spin-orbit coupling. Validated wavefunctions
show that vortices in atomic Fermi gases with flat Rashba spin-orbit bands
cluster near the system center and should therefore be directly visible in
time-of-flight imaging.


title:
Magnetically originated phonon-glass-like behavior in Tb_2Ti_2O_7 single
  crystal

abstract:
  We report a study on the thermal conductivity (\kappa) of Tb_2Ti_2O_7 single
crystals at low temperatures. It is found that in zero field this material has
an extremely low phonon thermal conductivity in a broad temperature range. The
mean free path of phonons is even smaller than that of amorphous materials and
is 3--4 orders of magnitude smaller than the sample size at 0.3 K. The strong
spin fluctuation of the spin-liquid state is discussed to be the reason of the
strong phonon scattering. The magnetic-field dependence of \kappa and
comparison with Y_2Ti_2O_7 and TbYTi_2O_7 confirm the magnetic origin of this
phonon-glass-like behavior.


title: Separatedness of moduli of K-stable varieties

abstract:
  Given a one parameter flat family of polarized algebraic varieties, we show
that any K-stable limit is unique. In particular, moduli spaces of K-stable
polarized varieties are automatically Hausdorff when they exist.
  We also give a characterization of K-stable limits in terms of the CM line
bundle, and some applications to moduli. Our methods work for arbitrary
projective schemes in any characteristic.


title:
Continuum TDHF calculation of Isoscalar and Isovector Giant Monopole
  Resonances

abstract:
  We motivate and summarise some recent results in the application of formally
exact boundary conditions in nuclear time-dependent Hartree-Fock calculations,
making use of Laplace transformations to calculate the values of the wave
functions at the boundaries. We have realised the method in the case of giant
monopole resonances of spherically-symmetric nuclei, and present strength
functions of O-16 and Ca-40 using a simplified version of the Skyrme force,
showing that no artefacts from discretisation occur as contaminants


title: Completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoids

abstract:
  A completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoid is a groupoid satisfying the
identities $(xy)z=(zy)x$, $x(yz)=y(xz)$ and $xx^{-1}=x^{-1}x$, where $x^{-1}$
is a unique inverse of $x$, that is, $x=(xx^{-1})x$ and
$x^{-1}=(x^{-1}x)x^{-1}$. First we study some fundamental properties of such
groupoids. Then we determine certain fundamental congruences on a completely
inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoid; namely: the maximum idempotent-separating
congruence, the least $AG$-group congruence and the least $E$-unitary
congruence. Finally, we investigate the complete lattice of congruences of a
completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoids. In particular, we describe congruences
on completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoids by their kernel and trace.


title:
An adaptive time integration strategy based on displacement history
  curvature

abstract:
  This work introduces a time-adaptive strategy that uses a refinement
estimator based on the first Frenet curvature. In dynamics, a time-adaptive
strategy is a mechanism that interactively proposes changes to the time step
used in iterative methods of solution. These changes aim to improve the
relation between quality of response and computational cost. The method here
proposed is suitable for a variety of numerical time integration problems,
e.g., in the study of bodies subjected to dynamical loads. The motion equation
in its space-discrete form is used as reference to derive the formulation
presented in this paper. Our method is contrasted with other ones based on
local error estimator and apparent frequencies. We check the performance of our
proposal when employed with the central difference, the explicit
generalized-alpha and the Chung-Lee integration methods. The proposed
refinement estimator demands low computational resources, being easily applied
to several direct integration methods.


title: Congruences on completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoids

abstract:
  By a completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoid we mean an inverse
$AG^{**}$-groupoid $A$ satisfying the identity $xx^{-1}=x^{-1}x$, where
$x^{-1}$ denotes a unique element of $A$ such that $x=(xx^{-1})x$ and
$x^{-1}=(x^{-1}x)x^{-1}.$ We show that the set of all idempotents of such
groupoid forms a semilattice and the Green's relations $\mathcal{H,L, R,D}$ and
$\mathcal{J}$ coincide on $A$. The main result of this note says that any
completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoid meets the famous Lallement's Lemma for
regular semigroups. Finally, we show that the Green's relation $\mathcal{H}$ is
both the least semilattice congruence and the maximum idempotent-separating
congruence on any completely inverse $AG^{**}$-groupoid.


title: Dark Matter

abstract:
  The evidence for the dark matter of the hot big bang cosmology is about as
good as it gets in natural science. The exploration of its nature is now led by
direct and indirect detection experiments, to be complemented by advances in
the full range of cosmological tests, including judicious consideration of the
rich phenomenology of galaxies. The results may confirm ideas about DM already
under discussion. If we are lucky we also will be surprised once again.


title: Stationary quantum coherence and transport in disordered networks

abstract:
  We examine the excitation transport across quantum networks that are
continuously driven by a constant and incoherent light source. In particular we
investigate the coherence properties of incoherently driven networks by
employing recent tools from entanglement theory that enable a rigorous
interpretation of coherence in the site basis. With these tools at hand we
identify coherent delocalization of excitations over several sites to be a
crucial prerequisite for highly efficient transport across networks driven by
an incoherent source. These results are set into context with the latest
discussion of the occurrence and role of coherence in light-harvesting
complexes that are exposed to natural incoherent sun light.


title:
Design and Realization of a Scalable Simulator of Magnetic Resonance
  Tomography

abstract:
  In research activities regarding Magnetic Resonance Imaging in medicine,
simulation tools with a universal approach are rare. Usually, simulators are
developed and used which tend to be restricted to a particular, small range of
applications. This led to the design and implementation of a new simulator
PARSPIN, the subject of this thesis. In medical applications, the Bloch
equation is a well-suited mathematical model of the underlying physics with a
wide scope. In this thesis, it is shown how analytical solutions of the Bloch
equation can be found, which promise substantial execution time advantages over
numerical solution methods. From these analytical solutions of the Bloch
equation, a new formalism for the description and the analysis of complex
imaging experiments is derived, the K-t formalism. It is shown that modern
imaging methods can be better explained by the K-t formalism than by observing
and analysing the magnetization of each spin of a spin ensemble. Various
approaches for a numerical simulation of Magnetic Resonance imaging are
discussed. It is shown that a simulation tool based on the K-t formalism
promises a substantial gain in execution time. Proper spatial discretization
according to the sampling theorem, a topic rarely discussed in literature, is
universally derived from the K-t formalism in this thesis. A spin-based
simulator is an application with high demands to computing facilities even on
modern hardware. In this thesis, two approaches for a parallelized software
architecture are designed, analysed and evaluated with regard to a reduction of
execution time. A number of possible applications in research and education are
demonstrated. For a choice of imaging experiments, results produced both
experimentally and by simulation are compared.


title:
Measuring the Knowledge-Based Economy of China in terms of Synergy among
  Technological, Organizational, and Geographic Attributes of Firms

abstract:
  Using the possible synergy among geographic, size, and technological
distributions of firms in the Orbis database, we find the greatest reduction of
uncertainty at the level of the 31 provinces of China, and an additional 18.0%
at the national level. Some of the coastal provinces stand out as expected, but
the metropolitan areas of Beijing and Shanghai are (with Tianjan and Chonqing)
most pronounced at the next-lower administrative level of (339) prefectures,
since these four metropoles are administratively defined at both levels.
Focusing on high- and medium-tech manufacturing, a shift toward Beijing and
Shanghai is indicated, and the synergy is on average enhanced (as expected; but
not for all provinces). Unfortunately, the Orbis data is incomplete since it
was collected for commercial and not for administrative or governmental
purposes. However, we show a methodology that can be used by others who may
have access to higher-quality statistical data for the measurement.


title: Strange Lagrangian systems and statistical mechanics

abstract:
  We consider the canonical ensemble of $N$ particles admitting a strange
Hamiltonian description. Each of the particles obeys a set of Newtonian
equation of motion, which can also be described by the standard canonical
Hamiltonian mechanics. However, the thermodynamics corresponding to the strange
description and canonical description differ drastically from each other. In
other words, the strange description and the standard canonical description are
inequivalent on the level of thermodynamics.


title: Resolution-aware network coded storage

abstract:
  In this paper, we show that coding can be used in storage area networks
(SANs) to improve various quality of service metrics under normal SAN operating
conditions, without requiring additional storage space. For our analysis, we
develop a model which captures modern characteristics such as constrained I/O
access bandwidth limitations. Using this model, we consider two important
cases: single-resolution (SR) and multi-resolution (MR) systems. For SR
systems, we use blocking probability as the quality of service metric and
propose the network coded storage (NCS) scheme as a way to reduce blocking
probability. The NCS scheme codes across file chunks in time, exploiting file
striping and file duplication. Under our assumptions, we illustrate cases where
SR NCS provides an order of magnitude savings in blocking probability. For MR
systems, we introduce saturation probability as a quality of service metric to
manage multiple user types, and we propose the uncoded resolution- aware
storage (URS) and coded resolution-aware storage (CRS) schemes as ways to
reduce saturation probability. In MR URS, we align our MR layout strategy with
traffic requirements. In MR CRS, we code videos across MR layers. Under our
assumptions, we illustrate that URS can in some cases provide an order of
magnitude gain in saturation probability over classic non-resolution aware
systems. Further, we illustrate that CRS provides additional saturation
probability savings over URS.


title: Square functions with general measures II

abstract:
  We continue developing the theory of conical and vertical square functions on
$R^{n}$, where $\mu$ is a power bounded measure, possibly non-doubling. We
provide new boundedness criteria and construct various counterexamples.
  First, we prove a general local $Tb$ theorem with tent space $T^{2,\infty}$
type testing conditions to characterise the $L^{2}$ boundedness. Second, we
completely answer the question, whether the boundedness of our operators on
$L^{2}$ implies boundedness on other $L^{p}$ spaces, including the endpoints.
For the conical square function, the answers are generally affirmative, but the
vertical square function can be unbounded on $L^{p}$ for $p > 2$, even if $\mu
= dx$. For this, we present a counterexample. Our kernels $s_t$, $t > 0$, do
not necessarily satisfy any continuity in the first variable -- a point of
technical importance throughout the paper.
  Third, we construct a non-doubling Cantor-type measure and an associated
conical square function operator, whose $L^{2}$ boundedness depends on the
exact aperture of the cone used in the definition. Thus, in the non-homogeneous
world, the 'change of aperture' technique -- widely used in classical tent
space literature -- is not available. Fourth, we establish the sharp
$A_{p}$-weighted bound for the conical square function under the assumption
that $\mu$ is doubling.


title: Examples of cyclically-interval non-colorable bipartite graphs

abstract:
  For an undirected, simple, finite, connected graph $G$, we denote by $V(G)$
and $E(G)$ the sets of its vertices and edges, respectively. A function
$\varphi:E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,\ldots,t\}$ is called a proper edge $t$-coloring
of a graph $G$ if adjacent edges are colored differently and each of $t$ colors
is used. An arbitrary nonempty subset of consecutive integers is called an
interval. If $\varphi$ is a proper edge $t$-coloring of a graph $G$ and $x\in
V(G)$, then $S_G(x,\varphi)$ denotes the set of colors of edges of $G$ which
are incident with $x$. A proper edge $t$-coloring $\varphi$ of a graph $G$ is
called a cyclically-interval $t$-coloring if for any $x\in V(G)$ at least one
of the following two conditions holds: a) $S_G(x,\varphi)$ is an interval, b)
$\{1,2,\ldots,t\}\setminus S_G(x,\varphi)$ is an interval. For any $t\in
\mathbb{N}$, let $\mathfrak{M}_t$ be the set of graphs for which there exists a
cyclically-interval $t$-coloring, and let
$$\mathfrak{M}\equiv\bigcup_{t\geq1}\mathfrak{M}_t.$$ Examples of bipartite
graphs that do not belong to the class $\mathfrak{M}$ are constructed.


title: An Infinitely Generated Upper Cluster Algebra

abstract:
  We show that upper cluster algebras need not be finitely generated, answering
a question of Berenstein, Fomin and Zelevinsky. Our counter-example is a
cluster algebra with B-matrix $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 3 & -3 \\ -3 & 0 & 3 \\ 3 &
-3 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and coefficients obeying a genericity condition.


title:
Higher Order Binaries with Time Dependent Coefficients and Two Factors -
  Model for Defaultable Bond with Discrete Default Information

abstract:
  In this article, we consider a 2 factors-model for pricing defaultable bond
with discrete default intensity and barrier where the 2 factors are stochastic
risk free short rate process and firm value process. We assume that the default
event occurs in an expected manner when the firm value reaches a given default
barrier at predetermined discrete announcing dates or in an unexpected manner
at the first jump time of a Poisson process with given default intensity given
by a step function of time variable. Then our pricing model is given by a
solving problem of several linear PDEs with variable coefficients and terminal
value of binary type in every subinterval between the two adjacent announcing
dates. Our main approach is to use higher order binaries. We first provide the
pricing formulae of higher order binaries with time dependent coefficients and
consider their integrals on the last expiry date variable. Then using the
pricing formulae of higher binary options and their integrals, we give the
pricing formulae of defaultable bonds in both cases of exogenous and endogenous
default recoveries and credit spread analysis.


title:
Density-Dependent Onset of the Long-Range Exchange: A Key to
  Donor-Acceptor Properties

abstract:
  Quantum mechanical methods based on the density functional theory (DFT) offer
a realistic possibility of first-principles design of organic donor-acceptor
systems and engineered band-gap materials. This promise is contingent upon the
ability of DFT to predict one-particle states accurately. Unfortunately,
approximate functionals fail to align the orbital energies with ionization
potentials. We describe a new paradigm for achieving this alignment. In the
proposed model, an average electron-exchange hole separation controls the onset
of the orbital-dependent exchange in approximate range-separated functionals.
The correct description of one-particle states is thus achieved without
explicit electron removal or attachment. Extensive numerical tests show that
the proposed method provides physically sound orbital gaps and leads to
excellent predictions of charge-transfer excitations and other properties
critically depending on the tail of the electron density.


title: 5d superconformal indices at large N and holography

abstract:
  We propose a general formula for the perturbative large N superconformal
index of 5d quiver fixed point theories that have an AdS(6)xS(4)/Z(n)
supergravity dual. This index is obtained from the parent theory by projecting
to orbifold-invariant states and adding the twisted sector contributions. Our
result agrees with expectations from the dual supergravity description. We test
our formula against the direct computation of the index for Z(2) and Z(3) and
find complete agreement.


title: Constraints on Kaluza-Klein gravity from Gravity Probe B

abstract:
  Using measurements of geodetic precession from Gravity Probe B, we constrain
possible departures from Einstein's General Relativity for a spinning test body
in Kaluza-Klein gravity with one additional space dimension. We consider the
two known static and spherically symmetric solutions of the 5D field equations
(the soliton and canonical metrics) and obtain new limits on the free
parameters associated with each. The theory is consistent with observation but
must be "close to 4D" in both cases.


title: On the structure of cohomology rings of p-nilpotent Lie algebras

abstract:
  In this paper the authors investigate the structure the restricted Lie
algebra cohomology of p-nilpotent Lie algebras with trivial p-power operation.
Our study is facilitated by a spectral sequence whose $E_{2}$-term is the
tensor product of the symmetric algebra on the dual of the Lie algebra with the
ordinary Lie algebra cohomology and converges to the restricted cohomology
ring. In many cases this spectral sequence collapses, and thus, the restricted
Lie algebra cohomology is Cohen-Macaulay. A stronger result involves the
collapsing of the spectral sequence and the cohomology ring identifying as ring
with the $E_{2}$-term. We present criteria for the collapsing of this spectral
sequence and provide many examples where the ring isomorphism fails.
Furthermore, we show that there are instances when the spectral sequence does
not collapse and yields cohomology rings which are not Cohen-Macaulay.


title: Infinitesimal Cherednik algebras as W-algebras

abstract:
  In this article we establish an isomorphism between universal infinitesimal
Cherednik algebras and W-algebras for Lie algebras of the same type and 1-block
nilpotent elements. As a consequence we obtain some fundamental results about
infinitesimal Cherednik algebras.


title: Maxwell's Equations, Hodge Theory, and Gravitation

abstract:
  A mathematical proof is given that Maxwell's equations are an {\it artifact}
of Hodge theory together with the laws of Gauss and Amp\`ere, taken as axioms.
They are thus geometric in nature, independent of any specific physical
mechanisms, and valid for any force field -- attractive or repulsive --
generated by a material density and current. In particular, with appropriate
sign changes to reflect the attractive nature of the field, they apply to
gravitational fields on Minkowski space-time as well.
  The linearization of the Einstein Field Equations on Minkowksi space-time
leads also to a linear theory of gravity; but this theory is spin 2, while
Maxwell's field theory is spin 1. Hence the two theories are distinct. The
relationship of Maxwell's field theory to Einstein's geometric theory is
explained for weak fields.


title: Gravitation and Special Relativity

abstract:
  A mathematical derivation of Maxwell's equations for gravitation, based on a
mathematical proof of Faraday's Law, is presented. The theory provides a
linear, relativistic Lagrangian field theory of gravity in a weak field, and
paves the way to a better understanding of the structure of the energy-momentum
tensor in the Einstein Field Equations. Hence it is directly relevant to
problems in modern cosmology.
  The derivation, independent of the perturbation theory of Einstein's
equations, puts the gravitational and electromagnetic fields on an equal
footing for weak fields, contrary to generally held views. The historical
objections to a linear Lorentz invariant field theory of gravity are refuted
for weak fields.


title: On a recent experiment seemingly violating quantum predictions

abstract:
  A disagreement of the empirical results with quantum mechanical predictions
is pointed out in the experiment by M. Giustina et al. [arXiv:1212.0533].


title:
Unveiling the Evolutionary Sequence from Infalling Envelopes to
  Keplerian Disks around Low-Mass Protostars

abstract:
  We performed SMA observations in the C18O (2-1) emission line toward six
Class 0 and I protostars, to study rotational motions of their surrounding
envelopes and circumstellar material on 100 to 1000 AU scales. C18O (2-1)
emission with intensity peaks located at the protostellar positions is detected
toward all the six sources. The rotational velocities of the protostellar
envelopes as a function of radius were measured from the Position-Velocity
diagrams perpendicular to the outflow directions passing through the
protostellar positions. Two Class 0 sources, B335 and NGC 1333 IRAS 4B, show no
detectable rotational motion, while L1527 IRS (Class 0/I) and L1448-mm (Class
0) exhibit rotational motions with radial profiles of Vrot ~ r^{-1.0+/-0.2} and
~ r^{-1.0+/-0.1}, respectively. The other Class I sources, TMC-1A and L1489
IRS, exhibit the fastest rotational motions among the sample, and their
rotational motions have flatter radial profiles of Vrot ~ r^{-0.6+/-0.1} and ~
r^{-0.5+/-0.1}, respectively. The rotational motions with the radial dependence
of ~ r^{-1} can be interpreted as rotation with a conserved angular momentum in
a dynamically infalling envelope, while those with the radial dependence of ~
r^{-0.5} can be interpreted as Keplerian rotation. These observational results
demonstrate categorization of rotational motions from infalling envelopes to
Keplerian-disk formation. Models of the inside-out collapse where the angular
momentum is conserved are discussed and compared with our observational
results.


title: Multigrid-in-time for sensitivity analysis of chaotic dynamical systems

abstract:
  The following paper discusses the application of a multigrid-in-time scheme
to Least Squares Shadowing (LSS), a novel sensitivity analysis method for
chaotic dynamical systems. While traditional sensitivity analysis methods break
down for chaotic dynamical systems, LSS is able to compute accurate gradients.
Multigrid is used because LSS requires solving a very large Karush-Kuhn-Tucker
(KKT) system constructed from the solution of the dynamical system over the
entire time interval of interest. Several different multigrid-in-time schemes
are examined, and a number of factors were found to heavily influence the
convergence rate of multigrid-in-time for LSS. These include the iterative
method used for the smoother, how the coarse grid system is formed and how the
least squares objective function at the center of LSS is weighted.


title: Quantum discord of SU(2) invariant states

abstract:
  We have analytically calculated the quantum discord for a system composed of
spin-$j$ and spin-1/2 subsystems possessing SU(2) symmetry. We have compared
our results with the quantum discord of states having similar symmetries and
seen that in our case amount of quantum discord is much higher. Moreover, using
the well known entanglement properties of these states, we have also compared
their quantum discord with entanglement. Although the system under
consideration is separable nearly all throughout of its parameter space as $j$
increases, we have seen that discord content remains significantly large.
Investigation of quantum discord in SU(2) invariant states may find application
in quantum computation protocols that utilize quantum discord as a resource
since they arise in many real physical systems.


title: Entanglement growth in quench dynamics with variable range interactions

abstract:
  Studying entanglement growth in quantum dynamics provides both insight into
the underlying microscopic processes and information about the complexity of
the quantum states, which is related to the efficiency of simulations on
classical computers. Recently, experiments with trapped ions, polar molecules,
and Rydberg excitations have provided new opportunities to observe dynamics
with long-range interactions. We explore nonequilibrium coherent dynamics after
a quantum quench in such systems, identifying qualitatively different behavior
as the exponent of algebraically decaying spin-spin interactions in a
transverse Ising chain is varied. Computing the build-up of bipartite
entanglement as well as mutual information between distant spins, we identify
linear growth of entanglement entropy corresponding to propagation of
quasiparticles for shorter range interactions, with the maximum rate of growth
occurring when the Hamiltonian parameters match those for the quantum phase
transition. Counter-intuitively, the growth of bipartite entanglement for
long-range interactions is only logarithmic for most regimes, i.e.,
substantially slower than for shorter range interactions. Experiments with
trapped ions allow for the realization of this system with a tunable
interaction range, and we show that the different phenomena are robust for
finite system sizes and in the presence of noise. These results can act as a
direct guide for the generation of large-scale entanglement in such
experiments, towards a regime where the entanglement growth can render existing
classical simulations inefficient.


title:
A non-invasive electron thermometer based on charge sensing of a quantum
  dot

abstract:
  We present a thermometry scheme to extract the temperature of a 2DEG by
monitoring the charge occupation of a weakly tunnel-coupled 'thermometer'
quantum dot using a quantum point contact detector. Electronic temperatures
between 97 mK and 307 mK are measured by this method with an accuracy of up to
3 mK, and agree with those obtained by measuring transport through a quantum
dot. The thermometer does not pass a current through the 2DEG, and can be
incorporated as an add-on to measure the temperature simultaneously with
another operating device. Further, the tuning is independent of temperature.


title:
Raman backscatter as a remote laser power sensor in high-energy-density
  plasmas

abstract:
  Stimulated Raman backscatter (SRS) is used as a remote sensor to quantify the
instantaneous laser power after transfer from outer to inner cones that cross
in a National Ignition Facility (NIF) gas-filled hohlraum plasma. By matching
SRS between a shot reducing outer vs a shot reducing inner power we infer that
~half of the incident outer-cone power is transferred to inner cones, for the
specific time and wavelength configuration studied. This is the first
instantaneous non-disruptive measure of power transfer in an indirect drive NIF
experiment using optical measurements.


title:
Rotation invariants of two dimensional curves based on iterated
  integrals

abstract:
  We introduce a novel class of rotation invariants of two dimensional curves
based on iterated integrals. The invariants we present are in some sense
complete and we describe an algorithm to calculate them, giving explicit
computations up to order six. We present an application to online
(stroke-trajectory based) character recognition. This seems to be the first
time in the literature that the use of iterated integrals of a curve is
proposed for (invariant) feature extraction in machine learning applications.


title:
Neutrino and antineutrino CCQE scattering in the SuperScaling
  Approximation from MiniBooNE to NOMAD energies

abstract:
  We compare the predictions of the SuperScaling model for charged current
quasielastic muonic neutrino and antineutrino scattering from $^{12}$C with
experimental data spanning an energy range up to 100 GeV. We discuss the
sensitivity of the results to different parametrizations of the nucleon vector
and axial-vector form factors. Finally, we show the differences between
electron and muon (anti-)neutrino cross sections relevant for the $\nu$STORM
facility.


title: Congruences on Menger algebras

abstract:
  We discuss some types of congruences on Menger algebras of rank $n$, which
are generalizations of the principal left and right congruences on semigroups.
We also study congruences admitting various types of cancellations and describe
their relationship with strong subsets.


title: Intra-regular Abel-Grassmann's groupoids

abstract:
  We characterize intra-regular Abel-Grassmann's groupoids by the properties of
their ideals and $(\in ,\in!\vee q_{k})$-fuzzy ideals of various types.


title: Ultrasensitive force detection with a nanotube mechanical resonator

abstract:
  Since the advent of atomic force microscopy, mechanical resonators have been
used to study a wide variety of phenomena, such as the dynamics of individual
electron spins, persistent currents in normal metal rings, and the Casimir
force. Key to these experiments is the ability to measure weak forces. Here, we
report on force sensing experiments with a sensitivity of 12 zN Hz^(-1/2) at a
temperature of 1.2 K using a resonator made of a carbon nanotube. An
ultra-sensitive method based on cross-correlated electrical noise measurements,
in combination with parametric downconversion, is used to detect the
low-amplitude vibrations of the nanotube induced by weak forces. The force
sensitivity is quantified by applying a known capacitive force. This detection
method also allows us to measure the Brownian vibrations of the nanotube down
to cryogenic temperatures. Force sensing with nanotube resonators offers new
opportunities for detecting and manipulating individual nuclear spins as well
as for magnetometry measurements.


title:
Asymptotically Decreasing Lieb-Robinson Velocity for a Class of
  Dissipative Quantum Dynamics

abstract:
  We study the velocity of the propagation of information for a class of local
dissipative quantum dynamics. This finite velocity is expressed by the
so-called Lieb-Robinson bound. Besides the properties of the already studied
dynamics, we consider an additional relation that expresses the propagation of
certain subspaces. The previously derived bounds did not reflect the
dissipative character of the dynamics and yielded the same result as for the
reversible case. In this article, we show that for this class the velocity of
propagation of information is time dependent and decays in time towards a
smaller velocity. In some cases the velocity becomes zero. At the end of the
article, the exponential clustering theorem of general frustration free local
Markovian dynamics is revisited.


title: Molecules with an Induced Dipole Moment in a Stochastic Electric Field

abstract:
  The mean-field dynamics of a molecule with an induced dipole moment (e.g., a
homonuclear diatomic molecule) in a deterministic and a stochastic
(fluctuating) electric field is solved to obtain the decoherence properties of
the system. The average (over fluctuations) electric dipole moment and average
angular momentum as a function of time for a Gaussian white noise electric
field are determined via perturbative and nonperturbative solutions in the
fluctuating field. In the perturbative solution, the components of the average
electric dipole moment and the average angular momentum along the deterministic
electric field direction do not decay to zero, despite fluctuations in all
three components of the electric field. This is in contrast to the decay of the
average over fluctuations of a magnetic moment in a stochastic magnetic field
with a Gaussian white noise magnetic field in all three components. In the
nonperturbative solution, the component of the average electric dipole moment
and the average angular momentum in the deterministic electric field direction
also decay to zero.


title: Exact Solutions to Force-Free Electrodynamics in Black Hole Backgrounds

abstract:
  A shared property of several of the known exact solutions to the equations of
force-free electrodynamics is that their charge-current four-vector is
\textit{null}. We examine the general properties of null-current solutions and
then focus on the principal congruences of the Kerr black hole spacetime. We
obtain a large class of exact solutions, which are in general time-dependent
and non-axisymmetric. These solutions include waves that, surprisingly,
propagate without scattering on the curvature of the black hole's background.
They may be understood as generalizations to Robinson's solutions to vacuum
electrodynamics associated with a shear-free congruence of null geodesics. When
stationary and axisymmetric, our solutions reduce to those of Menon and Dermer,
the only previously known solutions in Kerr. In Kerr, all of our solutions have
null electromagnetic fields ($\vec{E} \cdot \vec{B} = 0$ and $E^2=B^2$).
However, in Schwarzschild or flat spacetime there is freedom to add a magnetic
monopole field, making the solutions magnetically dominated ($B^2>E^2$). This
freedom may be used to reproduce the various flat-spacetime and
Schwarzschild-spacetime (split) monopole solutions available in the literature
(due to Michel and later authors), and to obtain a large class of
time-dependent, non-axisymmetric generalizations. These generalizations may be
used to model the magnetosphere of a conducting star that rotates with
arbitrary prescribed time-dependent rotation axis and speed. We thus
significantly enlarge the class of known exact solutions, while organizing and
unifying previously discovered solutions in terms of their null structure.


title: Quantum Friction: Cooling Quantum Systems with Unitary Time Evolution

abstract:
  We introduce a type of quantum dissipation -- local quantum friction -- by
adding to the Hamiltonian a local potential that breaks time-reversal
invariance so as to cool the system. Unlike the Kossakowski-Lindblad master
equation, local quantum friction directly effects unitary evolution of the
wavefunctions rather than the density matrix: it may thus be used to cool
fermionic many-body systems with thousands of wavefunctions that must remain
orthogonal. In addition to providing an efficient way to simulate quantum
dissipation and non-equilibrium dynamics, local quantum friction coupled with
adiabatic state preparation significantly speeds up many-body simulations,
making the solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation significantly
simpler than the solution of its stationary counterpart.


title:
Multiferroicity with coexisting isotropic and anisotropic spins in
  Ca$_{3}$Co$_{2-x}$Mn$_{x}$O$_{6}$

abstract:
  We study magnetic and multiferroic behavior in Ca$_3$Co$_{2-x}$Mn$_{x}$O$_6$
($x \sim$0.97) by high-field measurements of magnetization ($M$),
magnetostriction ($L$($H$)/$L$), electric polarization ($P$), and
magnetocaloric effect. This study also gives insight into the zero and low
magnetic field magnetic structure and magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. We
measured $M$ and $\Delta$$L$/$L$ up to pulsed magnetic fields of 92 T, and
determined the saturation moment and field. On the controversial topic of the
spin states of Co$^{2+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ ions, we find evidence for $S$ = 3/2
spins for both ions with no magnetic field-induced spin-state crossovers. Our
data also indicate that Mn$^{4+}$ spins are quasi-isotropic and develop
components in the $ab$-plane in applied magnetic fields of 10 T. These spins
cant until saturation at 85 T whereas the Ising Co$^{2+}$ spins saturate by 25
T. Furthermore, our results imply that mechanism for suppression of electric
polarization with magnetic fields near 10 T is flopping of the Mn$^{4+}$ spins
into the $ab$-plane, indicating that appropriate models must include the
coexistence of Ising and quasi-isotropic spins.


title: Anomalous Hydrodynamics of Fractional Quantum Hall States

abstract:
  In this paper we propose a comprehensive framework for the quantum
hydrodynamics of the Fractional Quantum Hall (FQH) states. We suggest that the
electronic fluid in the FQH regime could be phenomenologically described by the
quantized hydrodynamics of vortices in an incompressible rotating liquid. We
demonstrate that such hydrodynamics captures all major features of FQH states
including the subtle effect of Lorentz shear stress. We present a consistent
quantization of hydrodynamics of an incompressible fluid providing a powerful
framework to study FQHE and superfluid. We obtain the quantum hydrodynamics of
the vortex flow by quantizing the Kirchhoff equations for vortex dynamics.


title: An Anti-Glitch in a Magnetar

abstract:
  Magnetars are neutron stars showing dramatic X-ray and soft $\gamma$-ray
outbursting behaviour that is thought to be powered by intense internal
magnetic fields. Like conventional young neutron stars in the form of radio
pulsars, magnetars exhibit "glitches" during which angular momentum is believed
to be transferred between the solid outer crust and the superfluid component of
the inner crust. Hitherto, the several hundred observed glitches in radio
pulsars and magnetars have involved a sudden spin-up of the star, due
presumably to the interior superfluid rotating faster than the crust. Here we
report on X-ray timing observations of the magnetar 1E 2259+586 which we show
exhibited a clear "anti-glitch" -- a sudden spin down. We show that this event,
like some previous magnetar spin-up glitches, was accompanied by multiple X-ray
radiative changes and a significant spin-down rate change. This event, if of
origin internal to the star, is unpredicted in models of neutron star spin-down
and is suggestive of differential rotation in the neutron star, further
supporting the need for a rethinking of glitch theory for all neutron stars.


title:
Tailoring the structural and electronic properties of graphene-like ZnS
  monolayer using biaxial strain

abstract:
  Our First-principles Full-Potential Density Functional Theory (DFT)
calculations show that a monolayer of ZnS (ML-ZnS), which is predicted to adopt
a graphene-like planar honeycomb structure with a direct band gap, undergoes
strain-induced modifications in its structure and band gap when subjected to
in-plane homogeneous biaxial strain ($\delta$). ML-ZnS gets buckled for
compressive strain greater than 0.92%; the buckling parameter $\Delta$ (= 0.00
\AA\, for planar ML-ZnS) linearly increases with increasing compressive strain
($\Delta = 0.435$ \AA \,at $\delta = - 5.25$%). A tensile strain of 2.91% turns
the direct band gap of ML-ZnS into indirect. Within our considered strain
values of $|\delta| < 6%$, the band gap shows linearly decreasing (non-linearly
increasing as well as decreasing) variation with tensile (compressive) strain.
These predictions may be exploited in future for potential applications in
strain sensors and other nano-devices such as the nano-electromechanical
systems (NEMS).


title: Protoplanetary Disk Masses from Stars to Brown Dwarfs

abstract:
  We present SCUBA-2 850um observations for 7 very low mass stars (VLMS) and
brown dwarfs (BDs): 3 in Taurus, 4 in the TWA, and all classical T Tauri (cTT)
analogs. We detect 2 of the 3 Taurus disks, but none of the TWA ones. Our
3sigma limits correspond to a dust mass of 1.2 MEarth in Taurus and a mere 0.2
MEarth in the TWA (3--10x deeper than previous work). We combine our data with
other sub-mm/mm surveys of Taurus, rho Oph and the TWA to investigate trends in
disk mass and grain growth during the cTT phase. We find : (1) The minimum disk
outer radius required to explain the upper envelope of sub-mm/mm fluxes is 100
AU for intermediate-mass stars, solar-types and VLMS, and 20 AU for BDs. (2)
While the upper envelope of disk masses increases with Mstar from BDs to VLMS
to solar-types, no increase is seen from solar-type to intermediate-mass stars.
We propose this is due to enhanced photoevaporation around intermediate masses.
(3) Many disks around Taurus and rho Oph intermediate-mass and solar-type stars
evince an opacity index beta of 0--1, indicating large grains. Of the only four
VLMS/BDs in these regions with multi-wavelength data, three are consistent with
large grains, though optically thick disks are not ruled out. (4) For the TWA
VLMS (TWA 30A, B), combining our fluxes with Mdot and ages suggests substantial
grain growth by 10 Myr. The degree of grain growth in the TWA BDs (2M1207A,
SSPM1102) remains largely unknown. (5) A Bayesian analysis shows that
mean(log[Mdisk/Mstar]) = -2.4, roughly constant all the way from
intermediate-mass stars to VLMS/BDs, and (6) the disk mass in close solar-type
Taurus binaries is significantly lower than in singles (by a factor of 10),
while that in wide solar-type Taurus binaries is closer to that in singles
(lower by a factor of 3). (7) We discuss the implications for planet formation,
and for the dependence of Mdot on Mstar.


title: GRB 090727 and gamma-ray bursts with early time optical emission

abstract:
  We present a multi-wavelength analysis of gamma-ray burst GRB 090727, for
which optical emission was detected during the prompt gamma-ray emission by the
2-m autonomous robotic Liverpool Telescope and subsequently monitored for a
further two days with the Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes. Within the context
of the standard fireball model, we rule out a reverse shock origin for the
early time optical emission in GRB 090727 and instead conclude that the early
time optical flash likely corresponds to emission from an internal dissipation
processes. Putting GRB 090727 into a broader observational and theoretical
context, we build a sample of 36 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with contemporaneous
early time optical and gamma-ray detections. From these GRBs, we extract a
sub-sample of 18 GRBs, which show optical peaks during prompt gamma-ray
emission, and perform detailed temporal and spectral analysis in gamma-ray,
X-ray, and optical bands. We find that in most cases early time optical
emission shows sharp and steep behaviour, and notice a rich diversity of
spectral properties. Using a simple internal shock dissipation model, we show
that the emission during prompt GRB phase can occur at very different
frequencies via synchrotron radiation. Based on the results obtained from
observations and simulation, we conclude that the standard external shock
interpretation for early time optical emission is disfavoured in most cases due
to sharp peaks ($\Delta t/t < 1$) and steep rise/decay indices, and that
internal dissipation can explain the properties of GRBs with optical peaks
during gamma-ray emission.


title:
Gauge Fields as Goldstone Bosons Triggered by Spontaneously Broken
  Supersymmetry

abstract:
  The emergent gauge theories are reconsidered in light of supersymmetry and an
appropriate emergence conjecture is formulated. Accordingly, it might be
expected that only global symmetries are fundamental symmetries of Nature,
whereas local symmetries and associated massless gauge fields could solely
emerge due to spontaneous breaking of underlying spacetime symmetries involved,
such as relativistic invariance and supersymmetry. We further argue that this
breaking, taken in the form of the nonlinear sigma-model type pattern for
vector fields or superfields, puts essential restrictions on geometrical
degrees of freedom of a physical field system that makes it to adjust itself in
such a way that its global internal symmetry G turns into the local symmetry
G_{loc}. Remarkably, this emergence process may naturally be triggered by
supersymmetry, as is illustrated in detail by an example of a general
supersymmetric QED model which is then extended to the Standard Model and GUTs.
The requirement of vacuum stability in such class of models makes both Lorentz
invariance and supersymmetry to become spontaneously broken in the visible
sector. As a consequence, massless photon and other gauge bosons appear as the
corresponding Goldstone and pseudo-Goldstone zero modes and special local
invariance is simultaneously generated. Due to this invariance all possible
Lorentz violations are turned out to be completely cancelled out among
themselves. However, broken supersymmetry effects related to an existence of a
light pseudo-goldstino (being essentially a photino) are still left in the
theory. It typically appears in the low-energy particle spectrum as the eV
scale stable LSP or the electroweak scale long-lived NLSP, being in both cases
accompanied by a very light gravitino, that could be considered as some
observational signature in favor of emergent supersymmetric theories.


title: UV and EUV Emissions at the Flare Foot-points Observed by AIA

abstract:
  A solar flare is composed of impulsive energy release events by magnetic
reconnection, which forms and heats flare loops. Recent studies have revealed a
two-phase evolution pattern of UV 1600\AA\ emission at the feet of these loops:
a rapid pulse lasting for a few seconds to a few minutes, followed by a gradual
decay on timescales of a few tens of minutes. Multiple band EUV observations by
AIA further reveal very similar signatures. These two phases represent
different but related signatures of an impulsive energy release in the corona.
The rapid pulse is an immediate response of the lower atmosphere to an intense
thermal conduction flux resulting from the sudden heating of the corona to high
temperatures (we rule out energetic particles due to a lack of significant hard
X-ray emission). The gradual phase is associated with the cooling of hot plasma
that has been evaporated into the corona. The observed footpoint emission is
again powered by thermal conduction (and enthalpy), but now during a period
when approximate steady state conditions are established in the loop. UV and
EUV light curves of individual pixels may therefore be separated into
contributions from two distinct physical mechanisms to shed light on the nature
of energy transport in a flare. We demonstrate this technique using
coordinated, spatially resolved observations of UV and EUV emission from the
footpoints of a C3.2 thermal flare.


title: Nonzero $\theta_{13}$, CP Violation, and $\mu-\tau$ Symmetry

abstract:
  The nonzero and relatively large $\theta_{13}$ from the latest experimental
results have a serious implication on the well-known neutrino mixing matrix.
One of the well-known mixing matrix is tribimaximal (TBM) neutrino mixing
matrix which predict $\theta_{13}=0$. In order to accommodate nonzero
$\theta_{13}$ and CP violation, we modified TBM by introducing a simple
perturbation matrix into TBM matrix that can produces $\theta_{13}=7.89$ which
is in agreement with the present experimental results. The Dirac phase
$\delta=77.20^{o}$ and the Jarlskog rephasing invariant: $J_{\rm CP}\approx
0.044$ are also obtained. The obtained neutrino mass matrix from the modified
TBM with both nonzero $\theta_{13}$ and $\delta$ is the complex neutrino mass
matrix. If we impose the $\mu-\tau$ symmetry, as a constraint into neutrino
mass matrix,one find that the Jarlskog rephasing invariant: $J_{\rm CP}=0$
which implies that CP violation cannot be accommodated in the $\mu-\tau$
symmetry scheme.


title: Anderson localization in a two-dimensional random gap model

abstract:
  We study the properties of the spinor wavefunction in a strongly disordered
environment on a two-dimensional lattice. By employing a transfer-matrix
calculation we find that there is a transition from delocalized to localized
states at a critical value of the disorder strength. We prove that there exists
an Anderson localized phase with exponentially decaying correlations for
sufficiently strong scattering. Our results indicate that suppressed
backscattering is not sufficient to prevent Anderson localization of surface
states in topological insulators.


title:
Fermionic current induced by magnetic flux in compactified cosmic string
  spacetime

abstract:
  In this paper, we investigate the fermionic current densities induced by a
magnetic flux running along the idealized cosmic string in a four-dimensional
spacetime, admitting that the coordinate along the string's axis is
compactified. In order to develop this investigation we construct the complete
set of fermionic mode functions obeying a general quasiperiodicity condition
along the compactified dimension. The vacuum expectation value of the azimuthal
current density is decomposed into two parts. The first one corresponds to the
uncompactified cosmic string geometry and the second one is the correction
induced by the compactification. For the first part we provide a closed
expression which includes various special cases previously discussed in the
literature. The second part is an odd periodic function of the magnetic flux
along the string axis with the period equal to the flux quantum and it is an
even function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the string axis. The
compactification of the cosmic string axis in combination with the
quasiperiodicity condition leads to the nonzero axial current density. The
latter is an even periodic function of the magnetic flux along the string axis
and an odd periodic function of the magnetic flux enclosed by the string axis.
The axial current density vanishes for untwisted and twisted fields in the
absence of the magnetic flux enclosed by the string axis. The asymptotic
behavior of the vacuum fermionic current is investigated near the string and at
large distances from it. In particular, the topological part of the azimuthal
current and the axial current are finite on the string's axis.


title:
Pathwise solutions of SPDEs driven by H\"older-continuous integrators
  with exponent larger than 1/2 and random dynamical systems

abstract:
  This article is devoted to the existence and uniqueness of pathwise solutions
to stochastic evolution equations, driven by a H\"older continuous function
with H\"older exponent in $(1/2,1)$, and with nontrivial multiplicative noise.
As a particular situation, we shall consider the case where the equation is
driven by a fractional Brownian motion $B^H$ with Hurst parameter $H>1/2$. In
contrast to the article by Maslowski and Nualart, we present here an existence
and uniqueness result in the space of H\"older continuous functions with values
in a Hilbert space $V$. If the initial condition is in the latter space this
forces us to consider solutions in a different space, which is a generalization
of the H\"older continuous functions. That space of functions is appropriate to
introduce a non-autonomous dynamical system generated by the corresponding
solution to the equation. In fact, when choosing $B^H$ as the driving process,
we shall prove that the dynamical system will turn out to be a random dynamical
system, defined over the ergodic metric dynamical system generated by the
infinite dimensional fractional Brownian motion