title: The Age and Helium Abundance of the Galactic Bulge

abstract:
  I discuss the age and helium abundance of the Galactic bulge stellar
population. I present examples as to how age and helium abundance can be
degenerate observationally, and thus, how unstated assumptions of the
helium-metallicity relation can result in biased age-metallicity
determinations. I summarise efforts to tackle this degeneracy using the red
giant branch bump, forward modelling of microlensing selection effects, and
direct mass and metallicity measurements of stars along the red giant branch. I
make the case that the degeneracy between these two parameters can be resolved
in the near future.


title: Physics as a Mechanism for Including ELLs in Classroom Discourse

abstract:
  English Language Learners (ELLs) are frequently left on the periphery of
classroom interactions. Due to misalignment of language skills, teachers and
peers communicate with these students less often, decreasing the number of
opportunities to engage. Exclusion can be avoided with learning activities that
invite all students to participate and contribute ideas. We argue that
environments and activities that privilege scientific inductive reasoning
increase possibilities for emerging bilingual students to engage. This study
investigated first-grade students' discussions about factors that affect how
objects float. Students came from a variety of language backgrounds; all were
considered beginner/intermediate ELLs. Results show that the goal of inducing
principles from actual phenomena encouraged students to communicate their ideas
and reasoning, boosting students' confidence in expressing themselves.
Following the hybrid space argument of Vygotsky's theory of concept formation,
we illustrate that physics can be particularly suitable context for the
co-development of concepts and English language skills.


title: Geometry and Topology of Random 2-complexes

abstract:
  We study random 2-dimensional complexes in the Linial - Meshulam model and
find torsion in their fundamental groups at various regimes. We find a simple
algorithmically testable criterion for a subcomplex of a random 2-complex to be
aspherical; this implies that any aspherical subcomplex of a random 2-complex
satisfies the Whitehead conjecture. We use inequalities for Cheeger constants
and systoles of simplicial surfaces to analyse spheres and projective planes
lying in random 2-complexes. Our proofs exploit the strong hyperbolicity
property of random 2-complexes.


title: Effective Attractive Range and Viscoelasticity of Colloidal Gels

abstract:
  We present a simulation study of colloidal particles having very short range
attractions. In particular, we investigate the interplay between the effective
attractive range and the viscoelastic properties of the gels that form when the
temperature of the system is sufficiently low. Using Brownian dynamics
simulations we study particles with different size and interaction range, and
characterize the mechanical properties of the gels by performing small
amplitude oscillatory and transient starts-up shear simulations. We found that
the effective attractive range is a key parameter affecting the gel
viscoelastic properties. The crossover frequency between the storage and loss
moduli and the time to reach the maximum stress in the start-up test are both
simple functions of the effective attractive range.


title:
The "Academic Trace" of the Performance Matrix: A Mathematical Synthesis
  of the h-Index and the Integrated Impact Indicator (I3)

abstract:
  The h-index provides us with nine natural classes which can be written as a
matrix of three vectors. The three vectors are: X=(X1, X2, X3) indicate
publication distribution in the h-core, the h-tail, and the uncited ones,
respectively; Y=(Y1, Y2, Y3) denote the citation distribution of the h-core,
the h-tail and the so-called "excess" citations (above the h-threshold),
respectively; and Z=(Z1, Z2, Z3)= (Y1-X1, Y2-X2, Y3-X3). The matrix V=(X,Y,Z)T
constructs a measure of academic performance, in which the nine numbers can all
be provided with meanings in different dimensions. The "academic trace" tr(V)
of this matrix follows naturally, and contributes a unique indicator for total
academic achievements by summarizing and weighting the accumulation of
publications and citations. This measure can also be used to combine the
advantages of the h-index and the Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) into a
single number with a meaningful interpretation of the values. We illustrate the
use of tr(V) for the cases of two journal sets, two universities, and ourselves
as two individual authors.


title: MCMC Learning

abstract:
  The theory of learning under the uniform distribution is rich and deep, with
connections to cryptography, computational complexity, and the analysis of
boolean functions to name a few areas. This theory however is very limited due
to the fact that the uniform distribution and the corresponding Fourier basis
are rarely encountered as a statistical model.
  A family of distributions that vastly generalizes the uniform distribution on
the Boolean cube is that of distributions represented by Markov Random Fields
(MRF). Markov Random Fields are one of the main tools for modeling high
dimensional data in many areas of statistics and machine learning.
  In this paper we initiate the investigation of extending central ideas,
methods and algorithms from the theory of learning under the uniform
distribution to the setup of learning concepts given examples from MRF
distributions. In particular, our results establish a novel connection between
properties of MCMC sampling of MRFs and learning under the MRF distribution.


title:
The numerical operator method to the real time dynamics of currents
  through the nanostructures with different topologies

abstract:
  We present the numerical operator method designed for the real time dynamics
of currents through nanostructures beyond the linear response regime. We apply
this method to the transient and stationary currents through nanostructures
with different topologies, e.g., the flakes of square and honeycomb lattices.
We find a quasi-stationary stage with a life proportional to the flake size in
the transient currents through the square flakes, but this quasi-stationary
stage is destroyed in the presence of disorder. However, there is no
quasi-stationary stage in the transient currents through the honeycomb flakes,
showing that the transient current depends strongly upon the topologies of the
nanostructures. We also study the stationary current by taking the limit of the
current at long times. We find that the stationary current through a square
flake increases smoothly as the voltage bias increasing. In contrast, we find a
threshold voltage in the current-voltage curve through a honeycomb flake,
indicating a gap at the Fermi energy of a honeycomb flake.


title: Motion-induced radiation from electrons moving in Maxwell's fish-eye

abstract:
  In \u{C}erenkov radiation and transition radiation, evanescent wave from
motion of charged particles transfers into radiation coherently. However, such
dissipative motion-induced radiations require particles to move faster than
light in medium or to encounter velocity transition to pump energy. Inspired by
a method to detect cloak by observing radiation of a fast-moving electron bunch
going through it by Zhang {\itshape et al.}, we study the generation of
electron-induced radiation from electrons' interaction with Maxwell's fish-eye
sphere. Our calculation shows that the radiation is due to a combination of
\u{C}erenkov radiation and transition radiation, which may pave the way to
investigate new schemes of transferring evanescent wave to radiation.


title: Notes on scale-invariance and base-invariance for Benford's Law

abstract:
  It is known that if X is uniformly distributed modulo 1 and Y is an arbitrary
random variable independent of X then Y+X is also uniformly distributed modulo
1. We prove a converse for any continuous random variable Y (or a reasonable
approximation to a continuous random variable) so that if X and Y+X are equally
distributed modulo 1 and Y is independent of X then X is uniformly distributed
modulo 1 (or approximates the uniform distribution equally reasonably). This
translates into a characterization of Benford's law through a generalization of
scale-invariance: from multiplication by a constant to multiplication by an
independent random variable.
  We also show a base-invariance characterization: if a positive continuous
random variable has the same significand distribution for two bases then it is
Benford for both bases. The set of bases for which a random variable is Benford
is characterized through characteristic functions.


title:
A Polynomial-time Approximation Scheme for Fault-tolerant Distributed
  Storage

abstract:
  We consider a problem which has received considerable attention in systems
literature because of its applications to routing in delay tolerant networks
and replica placement in distributed storage systems. In abstract terms the
problem can be stated as follows: Given a random variable $X$ generated by a
known product distribution over $\{0,1\}^n$ and a target value $0 \leq \theta
\leq 1$, output a non-negative vector $w$, with $\|w\|_1 \le 1$, which
maximizes the probability of the event $w \cdot X \ge \theta$. This is a
challenging non-convex optimization problem for which even computing the value
$\Pr[w \cdot X \ge \theta]$ of a proposed solution vector $w$ is #P-hard.
  We provide an additive EPTAS for this problem which, for constant-bounded
product distributions, runs in $ \poly(n) \cdot 2^{\poly(1/\eps)}$ time and
outputs an $\eps$-approximately optimal solution vector $w$ for this problem.
Our approach is inspired by, and extends, recent structural results from the
complexity-theoretic study of linear threshold functions. Furthermore, in spite
of the objective function being non-smooth, we give a \emph{unicriterion} PTAS
while previous work for such objective functions has typically led to a
\emph{bicriterion} PTAS. We believe our techniques may be applicable to get
unicriterion PTAS for other non-smooth objective functions.


title:
Eigenstates of Thiophosgene Near the Dissociation Threshold --
  Deviations From Ergodicity

abstract:
  A subset of the highly excited eigenstates of thiophosgene (SCCl$_{2}$) near
the dissociation threshold are analyzed using sensitive measures of quantum
ergodicity. We find several localized eigenstates, suggesting that the
intramolecular vibrational energy flow dynamics is nonstatistical even at such
high levels of excitations. The results are consistent with recent observations
of sharp spectral features in the stimulated emission spectra of SCCl$_{2}$


title: The Yau-Tian-Donaldson Conjecture for general polarizations

abstract:
  In this paper, assuming that a polarized algebraic manifold $(X,L)$ is
strongly K-stable, we shall show that the polarization class $c_1(L)$ admits a
constant scalar curvature Kaehler metric.


title: Tailoring Plasmonic Metamaterials for DNA Molecular Logic Gates

abstract:
  Structural and functional information encoded in DNA combined with unique
properties of nanomaterials could be of use for the construction of novel
biocomputational circuits and intelligent biomedical nanodevices. However, at
present their practical applications are still limited by either low
reproducibility of fabrication, modest sensitivity, or complicated handling
procedures. Here, we demonstrate the construction of label-free and switchable
molecular logic gates that use specific conformation modulation of a guanine-
and thymine- rich DNA, while the optical readout is enabled by the tunable
alphabetical metamaterials, which serve as a substrate for surface enhanced
Raman spectroscopy (MetaSERS). By computational and experimental
investigations, we present a comprehensive solution to tailor the plasmonic
responses of MetaSERS with respect to the metamaterial geometry, excitation
energy, and polarization. Our tunable MetaSERS-based DNA logic is simple to
operate, highly reproducible, and can be stimulated by ultra-low concentration
of the external inputs, enabling an extremely sensitive detection of mercury
ions.


title:
Quantification and Comparison of Degree Distributions in Complex
  Networks

abstract:
  The degree distribution is an important characteristic of complex networks.
In many applications, quantification of degree distribution in the form of a
fixed-length feature vector is a necessary step. On the other hand, we often
need to compare the degree distribution of two given networks and extract the
amount of similarity between the two distributions. In this paper, we propose a
novel method for quantification of the degree distributions in complex
networks. Based on this quantification method,a new distance function is also
proposed for degree distributions, which captures the differences in the
overall structure of the two given distributions. The proposed method is able
to effectively compare networks even with different scales, and outperforms the
state of the art methods considerably, with respect to the accuracy of the
distance function.


title:
Learning an Integrated Distance Metric for Comparing Structure of
  Complex Networks

abstract:
  Graph comparison plays a major role in many network applications. We often
need a similarity metric for comparing networks according to their structural
properties. Various network features - such as degree distribution and
clustering coefficient - provide measurements for comparing networks from
different points of view, but a global and integrated distance metric is still
missing. In this paper, we employ distance metric learning algorithms in order
to construct an integrated distance metric for comparing structural properties
of complex networks. According to natural witnesses of network similarities
(such as network categories) the distance metric is learned by the means of a
dataset of some labeled real networks. For evaluating our proposed method which
is called NetDistance, we applied it as the distance metric in
K-nearest-neighbors classification. Empirical results show that NetDistance
outperforms previous methods, at least 20 percent, with respect to precision.


abstract:
  We study the Liouville type theorems for transversally harmonic and
biharmonic maps on foliated Riemannian manifolds


title:
Comparison of Modules of Wild Type and Mutant Huntingtin and TP53
  Protein Interaction Networks: Implications in Biological Processes and
  Functions

abstract:
  Disease-causing mutations usually change the interacting partners of mutant
proteins. In this article, we propose that the biological consequences of
mutation are directly related to the alteration of corresponding protein
protein interaction networks (PPIN). Mutation of Huntingtin (HTT) which causes
Huntington's disease (HD) and mutations to TP53 which is associated with
different cancers are studied as two example cases. We construct the PPIN of
wild type and mutant proteins separately and identify the structural modules of
each of the networks. The functional role of these modules are then assessed by
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis for biological processes (BPs). We find
that a large number of significantly enriched (p<0.0001) GO terms in mutant
PPIN were absent in the wild type PPIN indicating the gain of BPs due to
mutation. Similarly some of the GO terms enriched in wild type PPIN cease to
exist in the modules of mutant PPIN, representing the loss. GO terms common in
modules of mutant and wild type networks indicate both loss and gain of BPs. We
further assign relevant biological function(s) to each module by classifying
the enriched GO terms associated with it. It turns out that most of these
biological functions in HTT networks are already known to be altered in HD and
those of TP53 networks are altered in cancers. We argue that gain of BPs, and
the corresponding biological functions, are due to new interacting partners
acquired by mutant proteins. The methodology we adopt here could be applied to
genetic diseases where mutations alter the ability of the protein to interact
with other proteins.


title: The almost Daugavet property and translation-invariant subspaces

abstract:
  Let $G$ be a metrizable, compact abelian group and let $\Lambda$ be a subset
of its dual group $\hat G$. We show that $C_\Lambda(G)$ has the almost Daugavet
property if and only if $\Lambda$ is an infinite set, and that $L^1_\Lambda(G)$
has the almost Daugavet property if and only if $\Lambda$ is not a $\Lambda(1)$
set.


title:
Mc-Dis: A Heterogeneous Neighbor Discovery Protocol for Multi-channel
  Wireless Networks

abstract:
  In distributed wireless networks, neighbor discovery is one of the
bootstrapping primitives in supporting many important network functionalities.
Existing neighbor discovery protocols mostly assume a single-channel network
model and can only support a subset of duty cycles, thus limiting the energy
conservation levels of wireless devices. In this paper, we study the neighbor
discovery problem in multi-channel networks where the wireless nodes have
heterogeneous duty cycles, asynchronous clocks and asymmetrical channel
perceptions, which we formulate as heterogeneous neighbor discovery problem. We
first establish a performance bound for any neighbor discovery protocol by
relating the two performance metrics, discovery delay and diversity. We then
present the design, analysis and evaluation of Mc-Dis, a multi-channel neighbor
discovery protocol that can support can practically support almost all duty
cycles and guarantee discovery on every channel in multichannel networks even
when nodes have asynchronous clocks and asymmetrical channel perceptions.


title:
Plasmonic excitations in quantum-sized sodium nanoparticles studied by
  time-dependent density functional calculations

abstract:
  The plasmonic properties of sphere-like bcc Na nanoclusters ranging from
Na$_{15}$ to Na$_{331}$ have been studied by real-time time-dependent local
density approximation calculations. The optical absorption spectrum, density
response function and static polarizability are evaluated. It is shown that the
effect of the ionic background (ionic species and lattice) of the clusters
accounts for the remaining discrepancy in the principal (surface plasmon)
absorption peak energy between the experiments and previous calculations based
on a jellium background model. The ionic background effect also pushes the
critical cluster size where the maximum width of the principal peak occurs from
Na$_{40}$ predicted by the previous jellium model calculations to Na$_{65}$. In
the volume mode clusters (Na$_{27}$, Na$_{51}$, Na$_{65}$, Na$_{89}$ and
Na$_{113}$) in which the density response function is dominated by an intense
volume mode, a multiple absorption peak structure also appears next to the
principal peak. In contrast, the surface mode clusters of greater size
(Na$_{169}$, Na$_{229}$, Na$_{283}$ and Na$_{331}$) exhibit a smoother and
narrower principal absorption peak because their surface plasmon energy is
located well within that of the unperturbed electron-hole transitions, and
their density responses already bear resemblance to that of classical Mie
theory. Moreover, it is found that the volume plasmon that exist only in finite
size particles, gives rise to the long absorption tail in the UV region. This
volume plasmon manifests itself in the absorption spectrum even for clusters as
large as Na$_{331}$ with an effective diameter of $\sim$3.0 nm.


title:
A geometric approach to boundaries and surface defects in
  Dijkgraaf-Witten theories

abstract:
  Dijkgraaf-Witten theories are extended three-dimensional topological field
theories of Turaev-Viro type. They can be constructed geometrically from
categories of bundles via linearization. Boundaries and surface defects or
interfaces in quantum field theories are of interest in various applications
and provide structural insight. We perform a geometric study of boundary
conditions and surface defects in Dijkgraaf-Witten theories. A crucial tool is
the linearization of categories of relative bundles. We present the categories
of generalized Wilson lines produced by such a linearization procedure. We
establish that they agree with the Wilson line categories that are predicted by
the general formalism for boundary conditions and surface defects in
three-dimensional topological field theories that has been developed in
arXive:1203.4568.


title:
Strong coupling constant of vector bottomonium to the pseudoscalar and
  vector $B_c$ mesons via QCD sum rules

abstract:
  The strong coupling constant $g_{\Upsilon B_c^{ps} B_c^V}$ is evaluated using
the three-point QCD sum rules. The correlation functions used to calculate
these strong coupling constants contain contributions of both $B_c^V$ and
$B_c^{ps}$ mesons as off-shell states with contributions of two gluon
condensates as a radiative corrections. The results, $g_{\Upsilon B_c^V
B_c^{PS}}=1.67\pm 0.52 GeV^{-1}$ for $B_c^{Ps}$ off-shell and $g_{\Upsilon
B_c^{PS}B_c^V}=(0.87\pm0.25) GeV^{-1}$ for $B_c^V$ off-shell are obtained for
the relevant strong coupling constants


title:
Kahler-Einstein metrics, canonical random point processes and birational
  geometry

abstract:
  In the present paper and the companion paper [8] a probabilistic (statistical
mechanical) approach to the study of canonical metrics and measures on a
complex algebraic variety X is introduced. On any such variety with positive
Kodaira dimension a canonical (birationally invariant) random point processes
is defined and shown to converge in probability towards a canonical
deterministic measure on X, coinciding with the canonical measure of Song-Tian
and Tsuji. The proof is based on new large deviation principle for Gibbs
measures with singular Hamiltonians which relies on an asymptotic submean
inequality in large dimensions, proved in a companion paper. In the case of a
variety X of general type we obtain as a corollary that the (possibly singular)
K\"ahler-Einstein metric on X with negative Ricci curvature is the limit of a
canonical sequence of quasi-explicit Bergman type metrics. In the opposite
setting of a Fano variety X we relate the canonical point processes to a new
notion of stability, that we call Gibbs stability, which admits a natural
algebro-geometric formulation and which we conjecture is equivalent to the
existence of a K\"ahler-Einstein metric on X and hence to K-stability as in the
Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture.


title:
Monte Carlo Simulations of the Advective Inflow and Outflow around a
  Black Hole

abstract:
  In this Thesis, we describe the development of a three-dimensional radiative
transfer code using Monte Carlo technique and its application to various
astrophysical problems. This code is capable of simulating the radiation
spectra coming out of the electron cloud of an accretion disk around compact
objects, such as black hole X-ray binaries (XRBs). Physical processes included
in this code are the relativistic Maxwell-Juttner momentum distribution of the
electrons, Compton scattering with these electrons, and gravitational red shift
of the photons. Due to general nature of the code, processes like synchrotron
radiation, bremsstrahlung radiation, Coulomb coupling and the pair production
are also possible to incorporate. Various types of photon energy distribution
(e.g., mono-energetic, power-law, black-body and multi-colour black body) and
geometry of the photon source (e.g., point or disk) can be used. In this
Thesis, we have mainly used multi-color black body photons coming out of a
Keplerian disk as the source of soft radiation. This soft radiation is
intercepted by the electron cloud. Depending on the optical depth of the cloud,
and energy of the electrons, the soft photons may get Comptonized and
inverse-Comptonized via multiple scattering or may suffer no scattering at all,
and they emerge out of the cloud as a relatively harder radiation. Our
simulations provide information regarding the accretion disk and the central
compact object.


title:
Stimulated emission from ZnO thin films with high optical gain and low
  loss

abstract:
  Stimulated surface- and edge-emission were investigated for ZnO thin films
grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition. The lasing threshold was 0.32
MW/cm2 for surface pumping and 0.5 MW/cm2 for edge pumping, which is
significantly lower than thresholds observed previously. A modified variable
stripe length method was used to measure the gain, which was 1369 cm-1 for
N-band emission. Losses were measured using the shifting excitation spot method
and values of 6.2 cm-1 and 6.3 cm-1 were found for the N-band and P-band,
respectively. The measured gain and loss were the highest and lowest
(respectively) ever reported for ZnO films.


title: Counting subwords in flattened permutations

abstract:
  In this paper, we consider the number of occurrences of descents, ascents,
123-subwords, 321-subwords, peaks and valleys in flattened permutations, which
were recently introduced by Callan in his study of finite set partitions. For
descents and ascents, we make use of the kernel method and obtain an explicit
formula (in terms of Eulerian polynomials) for the distribution on
$\mathcal{S}_n$ in the flattened sense. For the other four patterns in
question, we develop a unified approach to obtain explicit formulas for the
comparable distributions. We find that the formulas so obtained for 123- and
321-subwords can be expressed in terms of the Chebyshev polynomials of the
second kind, while those for peaks and valleys are more related to the Eulerian
polynomials. We also provide a bijection showing the equidistribution of
descents in flattened permutations of a given length with big descents in
permutations of the same length in the usual sense.


title: A Nobel Defence Scheme Against Selfish Node Attack in MANET

abstract:
  Security is one of the major issue in wired and wireless network but due to
the presence of centralized administration not difficult to find out
misbehavior in network other than in Mobile Ad hoc Network due to the absence
of centralized management and frequently changes in topology security is one of
a major issue in MANET. Only prevention methods for attack are not enough. In
this paper a new Intrusion Detection System (IDS) algorithm has proposed
against selfish node attack to secure MANET. Here the behavior of selfish node
is unnecessary flooding the information in network and block all types of
packets transferring between the reliable nodes. Proposed IDS Algorithm
identifies the behavior of selfish node and also blocked their misbehavior
activities. In case of selfish node attack network performance is almost
negligible but after applying IDS on attack network performance is enhanced up
to 92% and provides 0% Infection rate from attack.


title:
Observable Signatures of Classical T Tauri Stars Accreting in an
  Unstable Regime

abstract:
  We discuss key observational signatures of Classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs)
accreting through Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which occurs at the interface
between an accretion disk and a stellar magnetosphere. In this study, the
results of global 3-D MHD simulations of accretion flows, in both stable and
unstable regimes, are used to predict the variability of hydrogen emission
lines and light curves associated with those two distinctive accretion flow
patterns. In the stable regime, a redshifted absorption component (RAC)
periodically appears in some hydrogen lines, but only during a fraction of a
stellar rotation period. In the unstable regime, the RAC is present rather
persistently during a whole stellar rotation period, and its strength varies
non-periodically. The latter is caused by multiple accreting streams, formed
randomly due to the instability, passing across the line of sight to an
observer during one stellar rotation. This results in the quasi-stationarity
appearance of the RAC because at least one of the accretion stream is almost
always in the line of sight to an observer. In the stable regime, two stable
hot spots produce a smooth and periodic light curve that shows only one or two
peaks per stellar rotation. In the unstable regime, multiple hot spots formed
on the surface of the star, produce the stochastic light curve with several
peaks per rotation period.


title: Restoring General Relativity in massive bi-gravity theory

abstract:
  We study static spherically symmetric solutions of massive bi-gravity theory,
free from the Boulware-Deser ghost. We show the recovery of General Relativity
via the Vainshtein mechanism, in the weak limit of the physical metric. We find
a single polynomial equation determining the behavior of the solution for
distances smaller than the inverse graviton mass. This equation is generically
of the seventh order, while for a specific choice of the parameters of the
theory it can be reduced to lower orders. The solution is analytic in different
regimes: for distances below the Vainshtein radius (where General Relativity is
recovered), and in the opposite regime, beyond the Vainshtein radius, where the
solution approaches the flat metric.


title: Holomorphic functions in generalized Cayley-Dickson algebras

abstract:
  In this paper we investigated holomorphic functions (belonging to the kernel
of the Dirac operator) in Cayley-Dickson algebras. For this purpose, we study
the structure of Cayley-Dickson algebras. We also provide an algorithm for the
construction of such functions.


title:
Representation Theory of Quantized Enveloping Algebras with
  Interpolating Real Structure

abstract:
  Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a compact simple Lie algebra. We modify the quantized
enveloping $^*$-algebra associated to $\mathfrak{g}$ by a real-valued character
on the positive part of the root lattice. We study the ensuing Verma module
theory, and the associated quotients of these modified quantized enveloping
$^*$-algebras. Restricting to the locally finite part by means of a natural
adjoint action, we obtain in particular examples of quantum homogeneous spaces
in the operator algebraic setting.


title:
Single Crystal Growth, Transport, and Electronic Band Structure of
  YCoGa$_5$

abstract:
  Single crystal of YCoGa5 has been grown via Ga self-flux. In this paper, we
report the single crystal growth, crystallographic parameters, resistivity,
heat capacity, and band structure results of YCoGa5. YCoGa5 accommodates the
HoCoGa5 type structure (space group P4/mmm (No. 123), Z = 1, a = 4.2131(6) A, c
= 6.7929(13) A, which is isostructural to the extensively studied heavy fermion
superconductor system CeMIn5 (M = Co, Rh, Ir) and the unconventional
superconductor PuCoGa5 with Tc = 18.5 K. No superconductivity is observed down
to 1.75 K. Band structure calculation results show that its band at the Fermi
level is mainly composed of Co-3d and Ga-4p electrons states, which explains
its similarity of physical properties to YbCoGa5 and LuCoGa5.


title:
An extended study of the prompt photon photoproduction at HERA with
  $k_T$-factorization

abstract:
  We reconsider the prompt photon photoproduction at HERA in the framework of
the $k_T$-factorization QCD approach. The proposed method is based on the
${\cal O}(\alpha^2\alpha_s)$ amplitudes for $\gamma q\to\gamma gq$ and $\gamma
g^*\to\gamma q\bar q$ partonic subprocesses. Additionally, we take into account
the ${\cal O}(\alpha^2\alpha_s^2)$ box contributions $\gamma g\to\gamma g$ to
the production cross sections. The unintegrated (or transverse momentum
dependent) parton densities in the proton are determined using
Kimber-Martin-Ryskin (KMR) prescription. Our consideration covers both
inclusive and jet associated prompt photon photoproduction rates. We find that
our numerical predictions agree well with the recent data taken by H1 and ZEUS
collaborations at HERA. We demonstrate that the box contributions are sizeable
and amount up to $\sim15%$ of the calculated total cross section.


title: Partition Function of the Ising Model via Factor Graph Duality

abstract:
  The partition function of a factor graph and the partition function of the
dual factor graph are related to each other by the normal factor graph duality
theorem. We apply this result to the classical problem of computing the
partition function of the Ising model. In the one-dimensional case, we thus
obtain an alternative derivation of the (well-known) analytical solution. In
the two-dimensional case, we find that Monte Carlo methods are much more
efficient on the dual graph than on the original graph, especially at low
temperature.

categories: cs.IT cond-mat.stat-mech math.IT physics.comp-ph stat.CO


title: On Minimum Clinically Important Difference

abstract:
  In clinical trials, minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has
attracted increasing interest as an important supportive clinical and
statistical inference tool. Many estimation methods have been developed based
on various intuitions, while little theoretical justification has been
established. This paper proposes a new estimation framework of MCID using both
diagnostic measurements and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). It first provides
a precise definition of population-based MCID so that estimating such a MCID
can be formulated as a large margin classification problem. The framework is
then extended to personalized MCID to allow individualized thresholding value
for patients whose clinical profiles may affect their PRO responses. More
importantly, we show that the proposed estimation framework is asymptotically
consistent, and a finite-sample upper bound is established for its prediction
accuracy compared against the ideal MCID. The advantage of our proposed method
is also demonstrated in a variety of simulated experiments as well as
applications to two benchmark datasets and two phase-3 clinical trials.


title:
Diffuse planar phase boundaries in a two-phase fluid with one very dense
  phase

abstract:
  This note studies Navier-Stokes-Allen-Cahn models for compressible fluids
that are mixtures of two incompressible phases whose density ratio
eps=rho_1/rho_2 is very small. Under a natural assumption on the mixing energy,
it shows the existence of diffuse planar phase boundaries for all 0=eps<eps_0.
For eps=0, one recovers the Navier-Stokes-Korteweg model and its well-known
diffuse phase boundaries.


title: Verifying Time Complexity of Deterministic Turing Machines

abstract:
  We show that, for all reasonable functions $T(n)=o(n\log n)$, we can
algorithmically verify whether a given one-tape Turing machine runs in time at
most $T(n)$. This is a tight bound on the order of growth for the function $T$
because we prove that, for $T(n)\geq(n+1)$ and $T(n)=\Omega(n\log n)$, there
exists no algorithm that would verify whether a given one-tape Turing machine
runs in time at most $T(n)$.
  We give results also for the case of multi-tape Turing machines. We show that
we can verify whether a given multi-tape Turing machine runs in time at most
$T(n)$ iff $T(n_0)< (n_0+1)$ for some $n_0\in\mathbb{N}$.
  We prove a very general undecidability result stating that, for any class of
functions $\mathcal{F}$ that contains arbitrary large constants, we cannot
verify whether a given Turing machine runs in time $T(n)$ for some
$T\in\mathcal{F}$. In particular, we cannot verify whether a Turing machine
runs in constant, polynomial or exponential time.


title: The remainders of the Euclidean algorithm with symmetric quotients

abstract:
  When the Euclidean algorithm produces a symmetric sequence of quotients, we
give explicit formulas for the remainders that allow the analysis of two
families of quadratic forms in the remainders.


title:
Scheduling arc shut downs in a network to maximize flow over time with a
  bounded number of jobs per time period

abstract:
  We study the problem of scheduling maintenance on arcs of a capacitated
network so as to maximize the total flow from a source node to a sink node over
a set of time periods. Maintenance on an arc shuts down the arc for the
duration of the period in which its maintenance is scheduled, making its
capacity zero for that period. A set of arcs is designated to have maintenance
during the planning period, which will require each to be shut down for exactly
one time period. In general this problem is known to be NP-hard, and several
special instance classes have been studied. Here we propose an additional
constraint which limits the number of maintenance jobs per time period, and we
study the impact of this on the complexity.


title:
Local SiC photoluminescence evidence of non-mutualistic hot spot
  formation and sub-THz coherent emission from a rectangular
  Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ mesa

abstract:
  From the photoluminescence of SiC microcrystals uniformly covering a
rectangular mesa of the high transition temperature $T_c$ superconductor
Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$, the local surface temperature $T({\bm r})$
was directly measured during simultaneous sub-THz emission from the $N\sim10^3$
intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in the mesa. At high bias currents $I$ and
low bath temperatures $T_{\rm bath}\lesssim~35$ K, the center of a large
elliptical hot spot with $T({\bm r})> T_c$ jumps dramatically with little
current-voltage characteristic changes. The hot spot doesn't alter the
ubiquitous primary and secondary emission conditions: the ac Josephson relation
and the electromagnetic cavity resonance excitation, respectively. Since the
intense sub-THz emission was observed for high $T_{\rm bath}\gtrsim~50$ K in
the low $I$ bias regime where hot spots are absent, hot spots can not provide
the primary mechanisms for increasing the output power, the tunability, or for
promoting the synchronization of the $N$ IJJs for the sub-THz emission, but can
at best coexist non-mutualistically with the emission. No $T({\bm r})$ standing
waves were observed.


title:
Mechanisms for production of hypernuclei beyond the neutron and proton
  drip lines

abstract:
  We analyze hypernuclei coming from fragmentation and multifragmentation of
spectator residues obtained in relativistic ion collisions. These hypernuclei
have a broad distribution in masses and isospin. They reach beyond the neutron
and proton drip lines, and they are expected to be stable with respect to
neutron and proton emission. This gives us the opportunity to investigate the
properties of exotic hypernuclei, as well as the properties of normal nuclei
beyond the drip lines, which can be produced after weak decay of such
hypernuclei.


title:
Effects of maximal fluctuation moment $q$ and detrending polynomial
  orders on the observed multifractal features within MFDFA

abstract:
  We focus on the importance of $q$ moments range used within multifractal
detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) to calculate the generalized Hurst
exponent spread and multifractal properties of signals. Different orders of
detrending polynomials are also discussed. In particular, we analyze
quantitatively the corrections to the spread of generalized Hurst exponent
profile $\Delta h$ allowing to extend the previously found by us formulas for
large $q$, describing the level of artificial multiscaling in finite signals,
to arbitrary narrower range of $q$ moments used in MFDFA technique in distinct
applications.


title: Partially complete sufficient statistics are jointly complete

abstract:
  The theory of the basic statistical concept of
(Lehmann-Scheff\'e-)completeness is perfected by providing the theorem
indicated in the title and previously overlooked for several decades. Relations
to earlier results are discussed and illustrating examples are presented.
  Of the two proofs offered for the main result, the first is direct and short,
following the prototypical example of Landers and Rogge (1976), and the second
is very short and purely statistical, utilizing the basic theory of optimal
unbiased estimation in the little known version completed by Schmetterer and
Strasser (1974).


title: Photoionization Delay in He, Ne, Ar and Kr

abstract:
  We study the relative photoionization delay of Ne, Ar and Kr as a function of
energy using He as a reference to characterize or XUV pulse.


title: Optimal Transport and Skorokhod Embedding

abstract:
  The Skorokhod embedding problem is to represent a given probability as the
distribution of Brownian motion at a chosen stopping time. Over the last 50
years this has become one of the important classical problems in probability
theory and a number of authors have constructed solutions with particular
optimality properties. These constructions employ a variety of techniques
ranging from excursion theory to potential and PDE theory and have been used in
many different branches of pure and applied probability.
  We develop a new approach to Skorokhod embedding based on ideas and concepts
from optimal mass transport. In analogy to the celebrated article of Gangbo and
McCann on the geometry of optimal transport, we establish a geometric
characterization of Skorokhod embeddings with desired optimality properties.
This leads to a systematic method to construct optimal embeddings. It allows
us, for the first time, to derive all known optimal Skorokhod embeddings as
special cases of one unified construction and leads to a variety of new
embeddings. While previous constructions typically used particular properties
of Brownian motion, our approach applies to all sufficiently regular Markov
processes.


title: Relative Homology and Gorenstein Flat Dimension

abstract:
  We use the machinery of relative homological algebra to study modules of
finite Gorenstein flat dimension.


title:
In-pipe leak detection by Minimum Residual complexity: A Robust time
  Delay Estimation method against correlated noise

abstract:
  In this work, the residual complexity (RC) similarity measure, is employed
for time delay estimation (TDE) in gas pipe leak localization. The properties
of TDE by RC is compared with those of Cross Correlation(CC) and Mutual
Information(MI) similarity measures on our experimental data. The comparison
confirms the advantages of RC relative to CC and MI, in robustness against both
correlated noises and reduction of number of samples. These advantages
originate from not only its mathematical nature of RC similarity measure which
considers inter-dependency but also from broadband frequency of acoustic waves
propagating during gas pipes.


title:
Nucleation of domain walls by $Z_2$ symmetry breaking transition in
  $p_x+ip_y$ superconductors

abstract:
  We show that time reversal symmetry breaking $p_x+ip_y$ wave superconductors
undergo several phase transitions subjected to external magnetic field or
supercurrent. In such system the discrete $Z_2$ symmetry can recover before the
complete destruction of the order parameter. The topological defects associated
with $Z_2$ symmetry - domain walls can be created in a controllable way by
magnetic field or current sweep according to the Kibble-Zurek scenario. Such
domain wall generation can take place in exotic superconductors like
$Sr_2RuO_4$ and some heavy fermion compounds.


title:
From locally conformally K\"ahler to bi-Hermitian structures on
  non-K\"ahler complex surfaces

abstract:
  We prove that locally conformally K\"ahler metrics on certain compact complex
surfaces with odd first Betti number can be deformed to new examples of
bi-Hermitian metrics.


title: Actions with globally hypoelliptic leafwise Laplacian and rigidity

abstract:
  We prove several results concerning smooth $\mathbb R^k$ actions with the
property that their leafwise Laplacian is globally hypoelliptic. Such actions
are necessarily uniquely ergodic and minimal, and cohomology is often
finite-dimensional, even trivial. Further we consider a class of examples of
$\mathbb R^2$ actions on 2-step nilmanifolds, which have globally hypoelliptic
leafwise Laplacian, and we show transversal local rigidity under certain
Diophantine conditions.


title:
On the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for
  Fokker--Planck--Kolmogorov equations with potential terms on arbitrary
  domains

abstract:
  We study the Cauchy problem for Fokker--Planck--Kolmogorov equations with
unbounded and degenerate coefficients. Sufficient conditions for the existence
and uniqueness of solutions are indicated.


title: On the dimension of Z-sets

abstract:
  We offer a short and elementary proof that, for a Z-set A in a
finite-dimensional ANR Y, dimA<dimY. This result is relevant to the study of
group boundaries. The original proof by Bestvina and Mess relied on
cohomological dimension theory.


title:
On the Security of the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
  Protocol

abstract:
  Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is the communications
protocol currently being rolled out as part of next generation air
transportation systems. As the heart of modern air traffic control, it will
play an essential role in the protection of two billion passengers per year,
besides being crucial to many other interest groups in aviation. The inherent
lack of security measures in the ADS-B protocol has long been a topic in both
the aviation circles and in the academic community. Due to recently published
proof-of-concept attacks, the topic is becoming ever more pressing, especially
with the deadline for mandatory implementation in most airspaces fast
approaching.
  This survey first summarizes the attacks and problems that have been reported
in relation to ADS-B security. Thereafter, it surveys both the theoretical and
practical efforts which have been previously conducted concerning these issues,
including possible countermeasures. In addition, the survey seeks to go beyond
the current state of the art and gives a detailed assessment of security
measures which have been developed more generally for related wireless networks
such as sensor networks and vehicular ad hoc networks, including a taxonomy of
all considered approaches.


title: Evidence of a Hadronic Origin for the TeV Source J1834-087

abstract:
  We report on the discovery of compact, narrow OH line emission from the
hydroxl molecule at 1720 MHz toward the extended TeV source J1834-087. The
origin of this high energy emission is unknown; it could be powered by one or
more candidate neutron stars (leptonic) or by cosmic rays interacting with
dense gas (hadronic). The OH emission is detected near the center of J1834-087,
coincident with the radio continuum of the supernova remnant W41, and the
radial velocity of the line is the same velocity as a giant molecular cloud
along the line of sight. We argue that the OH is maser emission stimulated by
the interaction of the W41 shock with the molecular cloud. The known
correlation between gamma-ray bright supernova remnants and OH masers favors a
hadronic interpretation for this high energy emission.


title:
The existence and singularity structure of low regularity solutions of
  higher-order degenerate hyperbolic equations

abstract:
  This paper is a continuation of our previous work [21], where we have
established that, for the second-order degenerate hyperbolic equation
(\p_t^2-t^m\Delta_x)u=f(t,x,u), locally bounded, piecewise smooth solutions
u(t,x) exist when the initial data (u,\p_t u)(0,x) belongs to suitable conormal
classes. In the present paper, we will study low regularity solutions of
higher-order degenerate hyperbolic equations in the category of discontinuous
and even unbounded functions. More specifically, we are concerned with the
local existence and singularity structure of low regularity solutions of the
higher-order degenerate hyperbolic equations \p_t(\p_t^2-t^m\Delta_x)u=f(t,x,u)
and (\p_t^2-t^{m_1}\Delta_x)(\p_t^2-t^{m_2}\Delta_x)v=f(t,x,v) in
\R_+\times\R^n with discontinuous initial data \p_t^iu(0,x)=\phi_i(x) (0\le
i\le 2) and \p_t^jv(0,x)=\psi_j(x) (0\le j\le 3), respectively; here m, m_1,
m_2\in\N, m_1\neq m_2, x\in\R^n, n\ge 2, and f is C^\infty smooth in its
arguments. When the \phi_i and \psi_j are piecewise smooth with respect to the
hyperplane \{x_1=0\} at t=0, we show that local solutions u(t,x), v(t,x)\in
L^{\infty}((0,T)\times\R^n) exist which are C^\infty away from \G_0\cup
\G_m^\pm and \G_{m_1}^\pm\cup\G_{m_2}^\pm in [0,T]\times\R^n, respectively;
here \G_0=\{(t,x): t\ge 0, x_1=0\} and the \Gamma_k^\pm = \{(t,x): t\ge 0,
x_1=\pm \f{2t^{(k+2)/2}}{k+2}\} are two characteristic surfaces forming a cusp.
When the \phi_i and \psi_j belong to C_0^\infty(\R^n\setminus\{0\}) and are
homogeneous of degree zero close to x=0, then there exist local solutions
u(t,x), v(t,x)\in L_{loc}^\infty((0,T]\times\R^n) which are C^\infty away from
\G_m\cup l_0 and \G_{m_1}\cup\G_{m_2} in [0,T]\times\R^n, respectively; here
\Gamma_k=\{(t,x): t\ge 0, |x|^2=\f{4t^{k+2}}{(k+2)^2}\} (k=m, m_1, m_2) is a
cuspidal conic surface and l_0=\{(t,x): t\ge 0, |x|=0\} is a ray.


title: Logics of formal inconsistency arising from systems of fuzzy logic

abstract:
  This paper proposes the meeting of fuzzy logic with paraconsistency in a very
precise and foundational way. Specifically, in this paper we introduce
expansions of the fuzzy logic MTL by means of primitive operators for
consistency and inconsistency in the style of the so-called Logics of Formal
Inconsistency (LFIs). The main novelty of the present approach is the
definition of postulates for this type of operators over MTL-algebras, leading
to the definition and axiomatization of a family of logics, expansions of MTL,
whose degree-preserving counterpart are paraconsistent and moreover LFIs.


title:
Structure of sunspot penumbral filaments: a remarkable uniformity of
  properties

abstract:
  The sunspot penumbra comprises numerous thin, radially elongated filaments
that are central for heat transport within the penumbra, but whose structure is
still not clear. To investigate the fine-scale structure of these filaments, we
perform a depth-dependent inversion of spectropolarimetric data of a sunspot
very close to solar disk center obtained by Hinode (SOT/SP). We have used a
recently developed spatially coupled 2D inversion scheme which allows us to
analyze the fine structure of individual penumbral filaments up to the
diffraction limit of the telescope. Filaments of different sizes in all parts
of penumbra display very similar magnetic field strengths, inclinations and
velocity patterns. The similarities allowed us to average all these filaments
and to extract the physical properties common to all of them. This average
filament shows upflows associated with an upward pointing field at its inner,
umbral end and along its axis, downflows along the lateral edge and strong
downflows in the outer end associated with a nearly vertical, strong and
downward pointing field. The upflowing plasma is significantly hotter than the
downflowing plasma. The hot, tear-shaped head of the averaged filament can be
associated with a penumbral grain. The central part of the filament shows
nearly horizontal fields with strengths of ~1kG. The field above the filament
converges, whereas a diverging trend is seen in the deepest layers near the
head of the filament. We put forward a unified observational picture of a
sunspot penumbral filament. It is consistent with such a filament being a
magneto-convective cell, in line with recent MHD simulations. The uniformity of
its properties over the penumbra sets constraints on penumbral models and
simulations. The complex and inhomogeneous structure of the filament provides a
natural explanation for a number of long-running controversies in the
literature.


title:
Robert de Montessus de Ballore's 1902 theorem on algebraic continued
  fractions : genesis and circulation

abstract:
  Robert de Montessus de Ballore proved in 1902 his famous theorem on the
convergence of Pad\'e approximants of meromorphic functions. In this paper, we
will first describe the genesis of the theorem, then investigate its
circulation. A number of letters addressed to Robert de Montessus by different
mathematicians will be quoted to help determining the scientific context and
the steps that led to the result. In particular, excerpts of the correspondence
with Henri Pad\'e in the years 1901-1902 played a leading role. The large
number of authors who mentioned the theorem soon after its derivation, for
instance N\"orlund and Perron among others, indicates a fast circulation due to
factors that will be thoroughly explained.


title: Quantum fluctuations in modulated nonlinear oscillators

abstract:
  With a modulated oscillator, we study several effects of quantum fluctuations
far from thermal equilibrium. One of them is quantum heating, where quantum
fluctuations lead to a finite-width distribution of a resonantly modulated
oscillator over its quasienergy (Floquet) states. We also analyze large rare
fluctuations responsible for the tail of the quasienergy distribution and
switching between the states of forced vibrations. We find an observable
characteristic of these fluctuations, the most probable paths followed by the
quasienergy in rare events, and in particular in switching. We also explore the
discontinuous change of the most probable switching path where the detailed
balance condition is broken. For oscillators modulated by a nonresonant field,
we compare different mechanisms of the field-induced cooling and heating of the
oscillator.


title:
The semi-discrete AKNS system: Conservation laws, reductions and
  continuum limits

abstract:
  In this paper, the semi-discrete Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy
is shown in spirit composed by the Ablowitz-Ladik flows under certain
combinations. Furthermore, we derive its explicit Lax pairs and infinitely many
conservation laws, which are non-trivial in light of continuum limit.
Reductions of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy are investigated to include the
semi-discrete Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), the semi-discrete modified KdV, and the
semi-discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger hierarchies as its special cases.
Finally, under the uniform continuum limit we introduce in the paper, the above
results of the semi-discrete AKNS hierarchy, including Lax pairs, infinitely
many conservation laws and reductions, recover their counterparts of the
continuous AKNS hierarchy.


title:
Transformation Method for Solving Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equation for
  Constrained Dynamic Stochastic Optimal Allocation Problem

abstract:
  In this paper we propose and analyze a method based on the Riccati
transformation for solving the evolutionary Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation
arising from the stochastic dynamic optimal allocation problem. We show how the
fully nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation can be transformed into a
quasi-linear parabolic equation whose diffusion function is obtained as the
value function of certain parametric convex optimization problem. Although the
diffusion function need not be sufficiently smooth, we are able to prove
existence, uniqueness and derive useful bounds of classical H\"older smooth
solutions. We furthermore construct a fully implicit iterative numerical scheme
based on finite volume approximation of the governing equation. A numerical
solution is compared to a semi-explicit traveling wave solution by means of the
convergence ratio of the method. We compute optimal strategies for a portfolio
investment problem motivated by the German DAX 30 Index as an example of
application of the method.


title: A Data Management Approach for Dataset Selection Using Human Computation

abstract:
  As the number of applications that use machine learning algorithms increases,
the need for labeled data useful for training such algorithms intensifies.
  Getting labels typically involves employing humans to do the annotation,
which directly translates to training and working costs. Crowdsourcing
platforms have made labeling cheaper and faster, but they still involve
significant costs, especially for the cases where the potential set of
candidate data to be labeled is large. In this paper we describe a methodology
and a prototype system aiming at addressing this challenge for Web-scale
problems in an industrial setting. We discuss ideas on how to efficiently
select the data to use for training of machine learning algorithms in an
attempt to reduce cost. We show results achieving good performance with reduced
cost by carefully selecting which instances to label. Our proposed algorithm is
presented as part of a framework for managing and generating training datasets,
which includes, among other components, a human computation element.


title:
Medium modification of photon-tagged and inclusive jets in
  high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

abstract:
  We study modification of the photon-tagged and inclusive jets in $pp$
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV due to mini-quark-gluon plasma which can be
produced in high multiplicity events. We show that for underlying events with
$dN_{ch}/d\eta\sim 20-60$ the medium effects lead to a considerable
modification of the photon-tagged and inclusive jet fragmentation functions.
For inclusive jets the magnitude of the effect is surprisingly large. The
effect is quite strong even for typical underlying events. We find that at
$\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV the spectrum of charged hadrons is suppressed by $\sim 35-40$
% at $p_{T}\sim 5-10$ GeV.


title: Minimum Error Rate Training and the Convex Hull Semiring

abstract:
  We describe the line search used in the minimum error rate training algorithm
MERT as the "inside score" of a weighted proof forest under a semiring defined
in terms of well-understood operations from computational geometry. This
conception leads to a straightforward complexity analysis of the dynamic
programming MERT algorithms of Macherey et al. (2008) and Kumar et al. (2009)
and practical approaches to implementation.


title:
Discriminators of 2 Higgs Doublets at the LHC14, ILC and
  MuonCollider(125): A Snowmasss White Paper

abstract:
  The historic LHC discovery of the 125 GeV particle with properties that
closely resemble the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson verifies our understanding
of electroweak symmetry breaking, but solidifies the need for a resolution to
the hierarchy problem. Many extensions of the SM that address the hierarchy
problem contain a non-minimal Higgs sector. Therefore, as a benchmark
alternative to the SM Higgs mechanism, we study a general 2 Higgs doublet model
(2HDM-G) framework for evaluating future sensitivity to Higgs couplings. We
study how well it can be distinguished from the SM Higgs boson by future
measurements at LHC14, ILC (250, 500,1000 GeV) and a Muon Collider (125 GeV).
Additionally, our study bears on singlet Higgs extensions of two Higgs doublet
models through predicted coupling relationships.


title: FlashCam: A fully digital camera for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

abstract:
  FlashCam is a Cherenkov camera development project centered around a fully
digital trigger and readout scheme with smart, digital signal processing, and a
"horizontal" architecture for the electromechanical implementation. The fully
digital approach, based on commercial FADCs and FPGAs as key components,
provides the option to easily implement different types of triggers as well as
digitization and readout scenarios using identical hardware, by simply changing
the firmware on the FPGAs. At the same time, a large dynamic range and high
resolution of low-amplitude signals in a single readout channel per pixel is
achieved using compression of high amplitude signals in the preamplifier and
signal processing in the FPGA. The readout of the front-end modules into a
camera server is Ethernet-based using standard Ethernet switches. In its
current implementation, data transfer and backend processing rates of ~3.8
GBytes/sec have been achieved. Together with the dead-time-free front end event
buffering on the FPGAs, this permits the cameras to operate at trigger rates of
up to several tens of kHz.
  In the horizontal architecture of FlashCam, the photon detector plane (PDP),
consisting of photon detectors, preamplifiers, high voltage-, control-, and
monitoring systems, is a self-contained unit, which is interfaced through
analogue signal transmission to the digital readout system. The horizontal
integration of FlashCam is expected not only to be more cost efficient, it also
allows PDPs with different types of photon detectors to be adapted to the
FlashCam readout system. This paper describes the FlashCam concept, its
verification process, and its implementation for a 12 m class CTA telescope
with PMT-based PDP.


title: Three revolutions in the kernel are worse than one

abstract:
  An example is constructed of a purely unrectifiable measure $\mu$ for which
the singular integral operator whose kernel triples and reverses the argument
of a complex number is bounded $L^2(\mu)$. This is in sharp contrast with the
results known for the Cauchy transform, whose kernel reverses the argument of a
complex number.


title:
Revisiting the local potential approximation of the exact
  renormalization group equation

abstract:
  The conventional absence of field renormalization in the local potential
approximation (LPA) --implying a zero value of the critical exponent \eta -- is
shown to be incompatible with the logic of the derivative expansion of the
exact renormalization group (RG) equation. We present a LPA with \eta \neq 0
that strictly does not make reference to any momentum dependence. Emphasis is
made on the perfect breaking of the reparametrization invariance in that pure
LPA (absence of any vestige of invariance) which is compatible with the
observation of a progressive smooth restoration of that invariance on
implementing the two first orders of the derivative expansion whereas the
conventional requirement (\eta =0 in the LPA) precluded that observation.


title:
ALMA Resolves 30 Doradus: Sub-parsec Molecular Cloud Structure Near the
  Closest Super-Star Cluster

abstract:
  We present ALMA observations of 30 Doradus -- the highest resolution view of
molecular gas in an extragalactic star formation region to date (~0.4pc x
0.6pc). The 30Dor-10 cloud north of R136 was mapped in 12CO 2-1, 13CO 2-1, C18O
2-1, 1.3mm continuum, the H30alpha recombination line, and two H2CO 3-2
transitions. Most 12CO emission is associated with small filaments and clumps
(<1pc, ~1000 Msun at the current resolution). Some clumps are associated with
protostars, including "pillars of creation" photoablated by intense radiation
from R136. Emission from molecular clouds is often analyzed by decomposition
into approximately beam-sized clumps. Such clumps in 30 Doradus follow similar
trends in size, linewidth, and surface density to Milky Way clumps. The 30
Doradus clumps have somewhat larger linewidths for a given size than predicted
by Larson's scaling relation, consistent with pressure confinement. They extend
to higher surface density at a given size and linewidth compared to clouds
studied at 10pc resolution. These trends are also true of clumps in Galactic
infrared-dark clouds; higher resolution observations of both environments are
required. Consistency of clump masses calculated from dust continuum, CO, and
the virial theorem reveals that the CO abundance in 30 Doradus clumps is not
significantly different from the LMC mean, but the dust abundance may be
reduced by ~2. There are no strong trends in clump properties with distance
from R136; dense clumps are not strongly affected by the external radiation
field, but there is a modest trend towards lower dense clump filling fraction
deeper in the cloud.


title:
Metric Estimates and Membership Complexity for Archimedean Amoebae and
  Tropical Hypersurfaces

abstract:
  Given any complex Laurent polynomial $f$, $\mathrm{Amoeba}(f)$ is the image
of its complex zero set under the coordinate-wise log absolute value map. We
give an efficiently constructible polyhedral approximation,
$\mathrm{ArchtTrop}(f)$, of $\mathrm{Amoeba}(f)$, and derive explicit upper and
lower bounds, solely as a function of the number of monomial terms of $f$, for
the Hausdorff distance between these two sets. We also show that deciding
whether a given point lies in $\mathrm{ArchTrop}(f)$ is doable in
polynomial-time, for any fixed dimension, unlike the corresponding problem for
$\mathrm{Amoeba}(f)$, which is $\mathbf{NP}$-hard already in one variable.
$\mathrm{ArchTrop}(f)$ can thus serve as a canonical low order approximation to
start any higher order iterative polynomial system solving algorithm, such as
homotopy continuation. $\mathrm{ArchTrop}(f)$ also provides an Archimedean
analogue of Kapranov's Non-Archimedean Amoeba Theorem and a higher-dimensional
extension of earlier estimates of Mikhalkin and Ostrowski.


title: A reduction of 3-SAT problem to Buchberger algorithm

abstract:
  There is a number of known NP class problems, and majority of them have been
shown to be equivalent to others. In particular now it is clear that
construction of a Gr\"{o}bner basis (or Buchberger algorithm) must be one of
equivalent problems, but there was no example. In the following paper the
reduction is constructed.


title: Exponential divisor functions

abstract:
  Consider the operator $E$ on arithmetic functions such that $Ef$ is the
multiplicative arithmetic function defined by $(Ef)(p^a) = f(a)$ for every
prime power $p^a$. We investigate the behaviour of $E^m\tau_k$, where $\tau_k$
is a $k$-dimensional divisor function and $E^m$ stands for the $m$-fold iterate
of $E$. We estimate the error terms of $\sum_{n\le x} E^m\tau_k(n)$ for various
combinations of $m$ and $k$. We also study properties of $E^mf$ for arbitrary
$f$ and sufficiently large $m$.
  Our study provides a unified approach to functions with exponential divisors.
We improve special cases of the Dirichlet asymmetric divisor problem and
several results on the exponential divisor and totient functions.


title:
Understanding black hole mass assembly via accretion and mergers at late
  times in cosmological simulations

abstract:
  Accretion is thought to primarily contribute to the mass accumulation history
of supermassive black holes throughout cosmic time. While this may be true at
high redshifts, at lower redshifts and for the most massive black holes mergers
themselves might add significantly to the mass budget. We evolve SMBHs from $4
> z > 0$ using merger trees derived from hydrodynamical cosmological
simulations of a cluster and void region, scaled to the observed value of the
stellar mass fraction to account for overcooling. Mass gains from gas accretion
proportional to bulge growth and BH-BH mergers are tracked, as are black holes
that remain "orbiting" due to insufficient dynamical friction in a merger
remnant, as well as those that are ejected due to gravitational recoil. We find
that gas accretion remains the dominant source of mass accumulation in almost
all SMBHs; mergers contribute $2.5\pm0.1\%$ for all SMBHs in the cluster and
$1.0\pm0.1\%$ in the void since $z = 4$. However, mergers are significant for
massive SMBHs. The fraction of mass accumulated from mergers for central BHs
generally increases for larger values of the host bulge mass: in the void, the
fraction is $2\%$ at $M_{*, bul} = 10^{10} M_{\odot}$, increasing to $4\%$ at
$M_{*, bul} \gtrsim 10^{11} M_{\odot}$, and in the cluster it is $4\%$ at
$M_{*, bul} = 10^{10} M_{\odot}$ and $23\%$ at $10^{12} M_{\odot}$. We find
that $40\%$ of SMBHs and $\approx 8\%$ of the total SMBH mass is found orbiting
in the cluster region at $z = 0$. The existence of orbiting and ejected SMBHs
requires modification of the Soltan argument. We estimate this correction to
the integrated accreted mass density of SMBHs to be in the range $6-21\%$, with
a mean value of $11\pm3\%$. We also calculate the total energy output and
strain from gravitational waves emitted by merging SMBHs, and obtain a signal
potentially detectable by pulsar timing arrays.


title: Covering stability of Bergman kernels on K\"ahler hyperbolic manifolds

abstract:
  This paper is a sequel to \cite{Xu}. In this paper, an estimation of the
Bergman Kernel of K\"ahler hyperbolic manifold is given by the $L^2$ estimate
and the Bochner formula. As an application, an effective criterion of the very
ampleness of the canonical line bundle of K\"ahler hyperbolic manifold is
given, which is a generalization of Yeung's result.


title: Solar neutrino analysis of Super-Kamiokande

abstract:
  Super-Kamiokande-IV data taking began in September of 2008, and with upgraded
electronics and improvements to water system dynamics, calibration and analysis
techniques, a clear solar neutrino signal could be extracted at recoil electron
kinetic energies as low as 3.5 MeV. The SK-IV extracted solar neutrino flux
between 3.5 and 19.5 MeV is found to be
(2.36$\pm$0.02(stat.)$\pm$0.04(syst.))$\times 10^6$ /(cm$^2$sec). The SK
combined recoil electron energy spectrum favors distortions predicted by
standard neutrino flavour oscillation parameters over a flat suppression at
1$\sigma$ level. A maximum likelihood fit to the amplitude of the expected
solar zenith angle variation of the elastic neutrino-electron scattering rate
in SK, results in a day/night asymmetry of
$-3.2\pm1.1$(stat.)$\pm$0.5(syst.)$%$. The 2.7 $\sigma$ significance of
non-zero asymmetry is the first indication of the regeneration of electron type
solar neutrinos as they travel through Earth's matter. A fit to all solar
neutrino data and KamLAND yields $\sin^2 \theta_{12} = 0.304 \pm 0.013$,
$\sin^2 \theta_{13} = 0.031^{+0.017}_{-0.015}$ and $\Delta m^2_{21} =
7.45^{+0.20}_{-0.19} \times 10^{-5} {\rm eV}^2$.


title:
On Analyzing Estimation Errors due to Constrained Connections in Online
  Review Systems

abstract:
  Constrained connection is the phenomenon that a reviewer can only review a
subset of products/services due to narrow range of interests or limited
attention capacity. In this work, we study how constrained connections can
affect estimation performance in online review systems (ORS). We find that
reviewers' constrained connections will cause poor estimation performance, both
from the measurements of estimation accuracy and Bayesian Cramer Rao lower
bound.


title:
Asymptotic stability of a composite wave of two viscous shock waves for
  a one-dimensional system of non-viscous and heat-conductive ideal gas

abstract:
  This paper is concerned with the asymptotic stability of a composite wave
consisting of two viscous shock waves to the Cauchy problem for a
one-dimensional system of heat-conductive ideal gas without viscosity. We
extend the results by Huang-Matsumura \cite{Huang-Matsumura} where they treated
the equation of viscous and heat-conductive ideal gas. That is, even forthe
non-viscous and heat-conductive case, we show that if the strengths of the
viscous shock waves and the initial perturbation are suitably small, the unique
global solution in time exists and asymptotically tends toward the
corresponding composite wave whose spacial shifts of two viscous shock waves
are uniquely determined by the initial perturbation.


title: Two Point Pade Approximants and Duality

abstract:
  We propose the use of two point Pade approximants to find expressions valid
uniformly in coupling constant for theories with both weak and strong coupling
expansions. In particular, one can use these approximants in models with a
strong/weak duality, when the symmetries do not determine exact expressions for
some quantity.


title:
Design of Parity Preserving Logic Based Fault Tolerant Reversible
  Arithmetic Logic Unit

abstract:
  Reversible Logic is gaining significant consideration as the potential logic
design style for implementation in modern nanotechnology and quantum computing
with minimal impact on physical entropy .Fault Tolerant reversible logic is one
class of reversible logic that maintain the parity of the input and the
outputs. Significant contributions have been made in the literature towards the
design of fault tolerant reversible logic gate structures and arithmetic units,
however, there are not many efforts directed towards the design of fault
tolerant reversible ALUs. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the prime performing
unit in any computing device and it has to be made fault tolerant. In this
paper we aim to design one such fault tolerant reversible ALU that is
constructed using parity preserving reversible logic gates. The designed ALU
can generate up to seven Arithmetic operations and four logical operations.


title: Contextuality: Wheeler's universal regulating principle

abstract:
  In this essay I develop quantum contextuality as a potential candidate for
Wheeler's universal regulating principle, arguing -- \textit{contrary} to
Wheeler -- that this ultimately implies that `bit' comes from `it.' In the
process I develop a formal definition of physical determinism in the languages
of domain theory and category theory.

categories: quant-ph math-ph math.MP physics.hist-ph


title: Parallel Graph Decompositions Using Random Shifts

abstract:
  We show an improved parallel algorithm for decomposing an undirected
unweighted graph into small diameter pieces with a small fraction of the edges
in between. These decompositions form critical subroutines in a number of graph
algorithms. Our algorithm builds upon the shifted shortest path approach
introduced in [Blelloch, Gupta, Koutis, Miller, Peng, Tangwongsan, SPAA 2011].
By combining various stages of the previous algorithm, we obtain a
significantly simpler algorithm with the same asymptotic guarantees as the best
sequential algorithm.


title:
Minimum vertex degree threshold for loose Hamilton cycles in 3-uniform
  hypergraphs

abstract:
  We show that for sufficiently large $n$, every 3-uniform hypergraph on $n$
vertices with minimum vertex degree at least $\binom{n-1}2 -
\binom{\lfloor\frac34 n\rfloor}2 + c$, where $c=2$ if $n\in 4\mathbb{N}$ and
$c=1$ if $n\in 2\mathbb{N}\setminus 4\mathbb{N}$, contains a loose Hamilton
cycle. This degree condition is best possible and improves on the work of
Bu\ss, H\`an and Schacht who proved the corresponding asymptotical result.


title:
High-density Molecular Gas Properties of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 1614
  Revealed with ALMA

abstract:
  We present the results of HCN/HCO+/HNC J=4-3 transition line observations of
the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 1614, obtained with ALMA Cycle 0. We find that
high density molecular gas, traced with these lines, shows a velocity structure
such that the northern (southern) side of the nucleus is redshifted
(blueshifted) with respect to the nuclear velocity of this galaxy. The
redshifted and blueshifted emission peaks are offset by ~0.6" at the northern
and southern sides of the nucleus, respectively. At these offset positions,
observations at infrared >3 micron indicate the presence of active dusty
starbursts, supporting the picture that high-density molecular gas is the site
of active starbursts. The enclosed dynamical mass within the central ~2" in
radius, derived from the dynamics of the high-density molecular gas, is ~10^9
Msun, which is similar to previous estimates. Finally, the HCN emission is
weaker than HCO+ but stronger than HNC for J=4-3 for all starburst regions of
NGC 1614, as seen for J=1-0 transition lines in starburst-dominated galaxies.


title: On the solvability of linear singular functional differential equations

abstract:
  Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of boundary value
problems for a family of functional differential equations with a
non-integrable singularity are obtained.


title: Where in the Internet is congestion?

abstract:
  Understanding the distribution of congestion in the Internet is a
long-standing problem. Using data from the SamKnows US broadband access network
measurement study, commissioned by the FCC, we explore patterns of congestion
distribution in DSL and cable Internet service provider (ISP) networks. Using
correlation-based analysis we estimate prevalence of congestion in the
periphery versus the core of ISP networks. We show that there are significant
differences in congestion levels and its distribution between DSL and cable ISP
networks and identify bottleneck sections in each type of network.


title:
Weyl semimetals and superconductors designed in an orbital selective
  superlattice

abstract:
  We propose two complementary design principles for engineering
three-dimensional (3D) Weyl semimetals and superconductors in a layer-by-layer
setup which includes even and odd parity orbitals in alternating layers -
dubbed orbital selective superlattice. Such structure breaks mirror symmetry
along the superlattice growth axis which, with the help of either a basal plane
spin-orbit coupling or a spinless p+ip superconductivity, stabilizes a 3D Dirac
node. To explore this idea, we develop a 3D generalization of Haldane model and
a Bogoliubov-de-Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian for the two cases, respectively, and
show that a tunable single or multiple Weyl nodes with linear dispersion in all
spatial directions can be engineered desirably in a widespread parameter space.
We also demonstrate that a single helical Weyl band can be created at the
$\Gamma$-point at the Fermi level in the superconducting case via gapping out
either of the orbital state by violating its particle-hole symmetry but not any
other symmetries. Finally, implications of our results for the realization of
anomalous Hall effect and Majorana bound state are discussed.


title:
Density of states for GUE, GOE, and interpolating ensembles through
  supersymmetric approach

abstract:
  We use the supersymmetric formalism to derive an integral formula for the
density of states of the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble, and then apply
saddle-point analysis to give a new derivation of the 1/N-correction to
Wigner's law. This extends the work of Disertori on the Gaussian Unitary
Ensemble. We also apply our method to the interpolating ensembles of
Mehta--Pandey.


title: Statistically-secure ORAM with $\tilde{O}(\log^2 n)$ Overhead

abstract:
  We demonstrate a simple, statistically secure, ORAM with computational
overhead $\tilde{O}(\log^2 n)$; previous ORAM protocols achieve only
computational security (under computational assumptions) or require
$\tilde{\Omega}(\log^3 n)$ overheard. An additional benefit of our ORAM is its
conceptual simplicity, which makes it easy to implement in both software and
(commercially available) hardware.
  Our construction is based on recent ORAM constructions due to Shi, Chan,
Stefanov, and Li (Asiacrypt 2011) and Stefanov and Shi (ArXiv 2012), but with
some crucial modifications in the algorithm that simplifies the ORAM and enable
our analysis. A central component in our analysis is reducing the analysis of
our algorithm to a "supermarket" problem; of independent interest (and of
importance to our analysis,) we provide an upper bound on the rate of "upset"
customers in the "supermarket" problem.


title: Binary black holes in nuclei of extragalactic radio sources

abstract:
  If we assume that nuclei of extragalactic radio sources contain binary black
hole systems, the two black holes can eject VLBI components in which case two
families of different VLBI trajectories will be observed. Another important
consequence of a binary black hole system is that the VLBI core is associated
with one black hole, and if a VLBI component is ejected by the second black
hole, one expects to be able to detect the offset of the origin of the VLBI
component ejected by the black hole that is not associated with the VLBI core.
The ejection of VLBI components is perturbed by the precession of the accretion
disk and the motion of the black holes around the center of gravity of the
binary black hole system. We modeled the ejection of the component taking into
account the two pertubations and present a method to fit the coordinates of a
VLBI component and to deduce the characteristics of the binary black hole
system. Specifically, this is the ratio Tp/Tb where Tp is the precession period
of the accretion disk and Tb is the orbital period of the binary black hole
system, the mass ratio M1/M2, and the radius of the Binary Black Hole system
Rbin. From the variations of the coordinates as a function of time of the
ejected VLBI component, we estimated the inclination angle io and the bulk
Lorentz factor gamma of the modeled component. We applied the method to
component S1 of 1823+568 and to component C5 of 3C 279.


title:
Exploiting Spatial Interference Alignment and Opportunistic Scheduling
  in the Downlink of Interference Limited Systems

abstract:
  In this paper we analyze the performance of single stream and multi-stream
spatial multiplexing (SM) systems employing opportunistic scheduling in the
presence of interference. In the proposed downlink framework, every active user
reports the post-processing signal-to-interference-plus-noise-power-ratio
(post-SINR) or the receiver specific mutual information (MI) to its own
transmitter using a feedback channel. The combination of scheduling and
multi-antenna receiver processing leads to substantial interference suppression
gain. Specifically, we show that opportunistic scheduling exploits spatial
interference alignment (SIA) property inherent to a multi-user system for
effective interference mitigation. We obtain bounds for the outage probability
and the sum outage capacity for single stream and multi stream SM employing
real or complex encoding for a symmetric interference channel model.
  The techniques considered in this paper are optimal in different operating
regimes. We show that the sum outage capacity can be maximized by reducing the
SM rate to a value less than the maximum allowed value. The optimum SM rate
depends on the number of interferers and the number of available active users.
In particular, we show that the generalized multi-user SM (MU SM) method
employing real-valued encoding provides a performance that is either
comparable, or significantly higher than that of MU SM employing complex
encoding. A combination of analysis and simulation is used to describe the
trade-off between the multiplexing rate and sum outage capacity for different
antenna configurations.


title:
The existence of solutions of 2-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes
  equations with surface tension in an optimal Sobolev space

abstract:
  We establish the existence of a solution to the Navier-Stokes equations on a
moving domain with surface tension in an optimal Sobolev space for the case of
two space dimension. No compatibility conditions are required to guarantee the
existence of a solution.


title:
Phase Transitions with Discrete Symmetry Breaking in Antiferromagnetic
  Heisenberg Models on a Triangular Lattice

abstract:
  We study phase transition behavior of the Heisenberg model on a distorted
triangular lattice with competing interactions. The ground-state phase diagram
indicates that underlying symmetry can be changed by tuning parameters. We
focus on two cases in which a phase transition with discrete symmetry breaking
occurs. The first is that the order parameter space is SO(3)$\times C_3$. In
this case, a first-order phase transition, with threefold symmetry breaking,
occurs. The second has the order parameter space SO(3)$\times Z_2$. In this
case, a second-order phase transition occurs with twofold symmetry breaking. To
investigate finite-temperature properties of these phase transitions from a
microscopic viewpoint, we introduce a method to make the connection between
continuous frustrated spin systems and the Potts model with invisible states.


title: Bubble contributions to scalar correlators with mixed actions

abstract:
  WWithin mixed-action chiral perturbation theory (MA$\chi$PT), Sasa's
derivation of the bubble contribution to scalar $a_0$ meson is extended to
those of scalar $\kappa$ and $\sigma$ mesons. We revealed that $\kappa$ bubble
has two double poles and $\sigma$ bubble contains a quadratic-in-$t^2$ growth
factor stemming from the multiplication of two double poles for a general mass
tuning of valence quarks and sea quarks. The corresponding preliminary
analytical expressions in MA$\chi$PT with 2+1 chiral valence quarks and 2+1
staggered sea quarks will be helpful for lattice studies of scalar mesons.


title: On the nature of dark matter in the Coma Cluster

abstract:
  Recent precise observations of the 2.7 K CMB by the Planck mission toward the
Coma cluster are not in agreement with X-ray measurements. To reconcile both
types of measuring techniques we suggest that unstable dark matter is the cause
of this mismatch. Decaying dark matter, which gravitationally dominates the
galaxy cluster, can affect the estimated hot plasma content, which is then
missing in the measured SZ effect from exactly the same place in the sky. The
model independent lifetime of dark matter decaying entirely to X-rays is
estimated to be about 6x10^{24} sec; this lifetime scales down with the
fraction of the radiatively decaying dark matter. In addition, it is shown that
the potential of such dark matter investigations in space is superior to the
largest volume Earth-bound dark matter decay searches. Other clusters might
provide additional evidence for or against this suggestion.


title:
Solar and planetary oscillation control on climate change: hind-cast,
  forecast and a comparison with the CMIP5 GCMs

abstract:
  Global surface temperature records (e.g. HadCRUT4) since 1850 are
characterized by climatic oscillations synchronous with specific solar,
planetary and lunar harmonics superimposed on a background warming modulation.
The latter is related to a long millennial solar oscillation and to changes in
the chemical composition of the atmosphere (e.g. aerosol and greenhouse gases).
However, current general circulation climate models, e.g. the CMIP5 GCMs, to be
used in the AR5 IPCC Report in 2013, fail to reconstruct the observed climatic
oscillations. As an alternate, an empirical model is proposed that uses: (1) a
specific set of decadal, multidecadal, secular and millennial astronomic
harmonics to simulate the observed climatic oscillations; (2) a 0.45
attenuation of the GCM ensemble mean simulations to model the anthropogenic and
volcano forcing effects. The proposed empirical model outperforms the GCMs by
better hind-casting the observed 1850-2012 climatic patterns. It is found that:
(1) about 50-60% of the warming observed since 1850 and since 1970 was induced
by natural oscillations likely resulting from harmonic astronomical forcings
that are not yet included in the GCMs; (2) a 2000-2040 approximately steady
projected temperature; (3) a 2000-2100 projected warming ranging between 0.3
$^{o}C$ and 1.6 $^{o}C$, which is significantly lower than the IPCC GCM
ensemble mean projected warming of 1.1 $^{o}C$ to 4.1 $^{o}C$; ; (4) an
equilibrium climate sensitivity to $CO_{2}$ doubling centered in 1.35 $^{o}C$
and varying between 0.9 $^{o}C$ and 2.0 $^{o}C$.

categories: physics.geo-ph astro-ph.EP physics.ao-ph physics.soc-ph physics.space-ph


title: Coupling constant for $\Lambda(1405)\bar{K}N$

abstract:
  The value of the $\Lambda(1405){\bar K}N$ coupling constant
$g_{\Lambda(1405)\bar{K}N}$ is obtained by fitting it to the experimental data
on the total cross sections of the $K^-p \to \pi^0\Sigma^0$ reaction. On the
basis of an effective Lagrangian approach and isobar model, we show that the
value $|g_{\Lambda(1405)\bar{K}N}| = 1.51 \pm 0.10$ could be extracted from the
available experimental data by assuming that the $s-$channel $\Lambda(1405)$
resonance plays a dominant role, whereas, the background contributions from the
$s-$channel $\Lambda(1115)$, $t-$channel $K^*$ and $u-$channel nucleon pole
processes are small and can be neglected. However, the $u-$channel nucleon pole
diagram may also give an important contribution in the present calculations.
After the background contributions are taken into account, the above value of
$g_{\Lambda(1405)\bar{K}N}$ is reduced to $|g_{\Lambda(1405)\bar{K}N}| = 0.77
\pm 0.07$, which is not supported by the previous calculations and the recent
CLAS measurements. The theoretical calculations on differential cross sections
are also presented, which can be checked by future experiments.


title: Growth of grains in Brown Dwarf disks

abstract:
  We perform coagulation and fragmentation simulations using the new
physically-motivated model by Garaud et al. (2013) to determine growth locally
in brown dwarf disks. We show that large grains can grow and that if brown
dwarf disks are scaled down versions of T Tauri disks (in terms of stellar
mass, disk mass and disk radius) growth at an equivalent location with respect
to the disk truncation radius can occur to the same size in both disks. We show
that similar growth occurs because the collisional timescales in the two disks
are comparable. Our model may therefore potentially explain the recent
observations of grain growth to millimetre sizes in brown dwarf disks, as seen
in T Tauri disks.


title: Asteroseismic effects in close binary stars

abstract:
  Turbulent processes in the convective envelopes of the sun and stars have
been shown to be a source of internal acoustic excitations. In single stars,
acoustic waves having frequencies below a certain cutoff frequency propagate
nearly adiabatically and are effectively trapped below the photosphere where
they are internally reflected. This reflection essentially occurs where the
local wavelength becomes comparable to the pressure scale height. In close
binary stars, the sound speed is a constant on equipotentials, while the
pressure scale height, which depends on the local effective gravity, varies on
equipotentials and may be much greater near the inner Lagrangian point (L_1).
As a result, waves reaching the vicinity of L_1 may propagate unimpeded into
low density regions, where they tend to dissipate quickly due to non-linear and
radiative effects. We study the three dimensional propagation and enhanced
damping of such waves inside a set of close binary stellar models using a WKB
approximation of the acoustic field. We find that these waves can have much
higher damping rates in close binaries, compared to their non-binary
counterparts. We also find that the relative distribution of acoustic energy
density at the visible surface of close binaries develops a ring-like feature
at specific acoustic frequencies and binary separations.


title:
Controlling frustrated liquids and solids with an applied field in a
  kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet

abstract:
  Quantum spin-1/2 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet is the representative
frustrated system possibly hosting a spin liquid. Clarifying the nature of this
elusive topological phase is a key challenge in condensed matter, however, even
identifying it still remains unsettled. Here, we apply a magnetic field and
discover a series of spin gapped phases appearing at five different fractions
of magnetization by means of grand canonical density matrix renormalization
group, an unbiased state-of-art numerical technique. The magnetic field dopes
magnons and first gives rise to a possible Z3 spin liquid plateau at
1/9-magnetization. Higher field induces a self-organized super-lattice-unit, a
six-membered ring of quantum spins, resembling an atomic orbital structure.
Putting magnons into this unit one by one yields three quantum solid plateaus.
We thus find that the magnetic field could control the transition between
various emergent phases by continuously releasing the frustration.


title:
Parallel implementation of three-dimensional molecular dynamic
  simulation for laser-cluster interaction

abstract:
  The objective of this article is to report the parallel implementation of the
3D molecular dynamic simulation code for laser-cluster interactions. The
benchmarking of the code has been done by comparing the simulation results with
some of the experiments reported in the literature. Scaling laws for the
computational time is established by varying the number of processor cores and
number of macroparticles used. The capabilities of the code are highlighted by
implementing various diagnostic tools. To study the dynamics of the
laser-cluster interactions, the executable version of the code is available
from the author.


title:
Reconstruction of gene regulatory network of colon cancer using
  information theoretic approach

abstract:
  Reconstruction of gene regulatory networks or 'reverse-engineering' is a
process of identifying gene interaction networks from experimental microarray
gene expression profile through computation techniques. In this paper, we tried
to reconstruct cancer-specific gene regulatory network using information
theoretic approach - mutual information. The considered microarray data
consists of large number of genes with 20 samples - 12 samples from colon
cancer patient and 8 from normal cell. The data has been preprocessed and
normalized. A t-test statistics has been applied to filter differentially
expressed genes. The interaction between filtered genes has been computed using
mutual information and ten different networks has been constructed with varying
number of interactions ranging from 30 to 500. We performed the topological
analysis of the reconstructed network, revealing a large number of interactions
in colon cancer. Finally, validation of the inferred results has been done with
available biological databases and literature.


title:
"Grand Canonical" Finite Size Numerical Approaches : a Route to
  Measuring Bulk Properties under Applied Field

abstract:
  We exploit a prescription to observe directly the physical properties of the
thermodynamic limit under continuously applied field in one-dimensional quantum
finite lattice systems. By systematically scaling down the energy of the
Hamiltonian of the open system from center toward both ends, one could adopt
the edge sites with negligibly small energy scale as a "grand canonical" small
particle bath, and an equilibrium states with non-integer arbitrary conserved
numbers, e.g., electron numbers or sz, are realized in the main part of the
system. This will enable the evaluation of the response functions under
continuously varying external field in a small lattice without any fine tuning
or scaling of parameters while keeping the standard numerical accuracy.
Demonstrations are given on quantum spin systems as well as on a Hubbard model
by the density matrix renormalization group calculation.


title:
A generalized Hermite constant and its computations for imaginary
  quadratic fields

abstract:
  We introduce the projective Hermite constant for positive definite binary
hermitian forms associated with an imaginary quadratic number field $K$. It is
a lower bound for the classical Hermite constant, and these two constants
coincide when $K$ has class number one. Using the geometric tools developed by
Mendoza and Vogtmann for their study of the homology of the Bianchi groups, we
compute the projective Hermite constants for those $K$ whose absolute
discriminants are less than 70, and determine the hermitian forms that attain
the projective Hermite constants in these cases. A comparison of the projective
hermitian constant with some other generalizations of the classical Hermite
constant is also given.


title:
Large System Analysis of Cooperative Multi-cell Downlink Transmission
  via Regularized Channel Inversion with Imperfect CSIT

abstract:
  In this paper, we analyze the ergodic sum-rate of a multi-cell downlink
system with base station (BS) cooperation using regularized zero-forcing (RZF)
precoding. Our model assumes that the channels between BSs and users have
independent spatial correlations and imperfect channel state information at the
transmitter (CSIT) is available. Our derivations are based on large dimensional
random matrix theory (RMT) under the assumption that the numbers of antennas at
the BS and users approach to infinity with some fixed ratios. In particular, a
deterministic equivalent expression of the ergodic sum-rate is obtained and is
instrumental in getting insight about the joint operations of BSs, which leads
to an efficient method to find the asymptotic-optimal regularization parameter
for the RZF. In another application, we use the deterministic channel rate to
study the optimal feedback bit allocation among the BSs for maximizing the
ergodic sum-rate, subject to a total number of feedback bits constraint. By
inspecting the properties of the allocation, we further propose a scheme to
greatly reduce the search space for optimization. Simulation results
demonstrate that the ergodic sum-rates achievable by a subspace search provides
comparable results to those by an exhaustive search under various typical
settings.


title:
Generalizations of Bounds on the Index of Convergence to Weighted
  Digraphs

abstract:
  We study sequences of optimal walks of a growing length, in weighted
digraphs, or equivalently, sequences of entries of max-algebraic matrix powers
with growing exponents. It is known that these sequences are eventually
periodic when the digraphs are strongly connected. The transient of such
periodicity depends, in general, both on the size of digraph and on the
magnitude of the weights. In this paper, we show that some bounds on the
indices of periodicity of (unweighted) digraphs, such as the bounds of
Wielandt, Dulmage-Mendelsohn, Schwarz, Kim and Gregory-Kirkland-Pullman, apply
to the weights of optimal walks when one of their ends is a critical node.


title: Snake instability of dark solitons in fermionic superfluids

abstract:
  We present numerical calculations of the snake instability in a Fermi
superfluid within the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory of the BEC to BCS crossover
using the random phase approximation complemented by time-dependent
simulations. We examine the snaking behaviour across the crossover and quantify
the timescale and lengthscale of the instability. While the dynamic shows
extensive snaking before eventually producing vortices and sound on the BEC
side of the crossover, the snaking dynamics is preempted by decay into sound
due to pair breaking in the deep BCS regime. At the unitarity limit,
hydrodynamic arguments allow us to link the rate of snaking to the
experimentally observable ratio of inertial to physical mass of the soliton. In
this limit we witness an unresolved discrepancy between our numerical estimates
for the critical wavenumber of suppression of the snake instability and recent
experimental observations with an ultra-cold Fermi gas.


title:
Nonsymmetric Generalized Jacobi Petrov-Galerkin Algorithms for Third-
  and Fifth-Order two Point Boundary Value Problems

abstract:
  Two families of certain nonsymmetric generalized Jacobi polynomials with
negative integer indexes are used for solving third- and fifth-order two point
boundary value problems subject to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary
conditions using a dual Petrov-Galerkin method. The key idea behind our method
is to use trial functions satisfying the underlying boundary conditions of the
differential equations and the test functions satisfying the dual boundary
conditions.The method leads to linear systems with specially structured
matrices that can be efficiently inverted. The use of generalized Jacobi
polynomials leads to simplified analysis, very efficient numerical algorithms.
Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed
algorithms.