title: Measurable events indexed by words

abstract:
  For every integer $k\geq 2$ let $[k]^{<\mathbb{N}}$ be the set of all words
over $k$, that is, all finite sequences having values in $[k]:=\{1,...,k\}$. A
Carlson-Simpson tree of $[k]^{<\mathbb{N}}$ of dimension $m\geq 1$ is a subset
of $[k]^{<\mathbb{N}}$ of the form \[ \{w\}\cup
\big\{w^{\smallfrown}w_0(a_0)^{\smallfrown}...^{\smallfrown}w_{n}(a_n): n\in
\{0,...,m-1\} \text{ and } a_0,...,a_n\in [k]\big\} \] where $w$ is a word over
$k$ and $(w_n)_{n=0}^{m-1}$ is a finite sequence of left variable words over
$k$. We study the behavior of a family of measurable events in a probability
space indexed by the elements of a Carlson-Simpson tree of sufficiently large
dimension. Specifically we show the following.
  For every integer $k\geq 2$, every $0<\varepsilon\leq 1$ and every integer
$n\geq 1$ there exists a strictly positive constant $\theta(k,\varepsilon,n)$
with the following property. If $m$ is a given positive integer, then there
exists an integer $\mathrm{Cor}(k,\varepsilon,m)$ such that for every
Carlson--Simpson tree $T$ of $[k]^{<\mathbb{N}}$ of dimension at least
$\mathrm{Cor}(k,\varepsilon,m)$ and every family $\{A_t:t\in T\}$ of measurable
events in a probability space $(\Omega,\Sigma,\mu)$ satisfying $\mu(A_t)\geq
\varepsilon$ for every $t\in T$, there exists a Carlson--Simpson tree $S$ of
dimension $m$ with $S\subseteq T$ and such that for every nonempty $F\subseteq
S$ we have \[\mu\Big(\bigcap_{t\in F} A_t\Big) \geq \theta(k,\varepsilon,|F|).
\] The proof is based, among others, on the density version of the
Carlson--Simpson Theorem established recently by the authors, as well as, on a
partition result -- of independent interest -- closely related to the work of
T. J. Carlson, and H. Furstenberg and Y. Katznelson. The argument is effective
and yields explicit lower bounds for the constants $\theta(k,\varepsilon,n)$.


title:
Beyond two criteria for supersingularity: coefficients of division
  polynomials

abstract:
  Let E: y^2 = x^3 + Ax + B be an elliptic curve defined over a finite field of
characteristic p\geq 3. In this paper we prove that the coefficient at
x^{p(p-1)/2} in the p-th division polynomial \psi_p(x) of E equals the
coefficient at x^{p-1} in (x^3 + Ax + B)^{(p-1)/2}. The first coefficient is
zero if and only if the division polynomial has no roots, which is equivalent
to E being supersingular. Deuring (1941) proved that this supersingularity is
also equivalent to the vanishing of the second coefficient. So the zero loci of
the coefficients (as functions of A and B) are equal; the main result in this
paper is clearly stronger than this last statement.


title: Convolutional Codes: Techniques of Construction

abstract:
  In this paper we show how to construct new convolutional codes from old ones
by applying the well-known techniques: puncturing, extending, expanding, direct
sum, the (u|u + v) construction and the product code construction. By applying
these methods, several new families of convolutional codes can be constructed.
As an example of code expansion, families of convolutional codes derived from
classical Bose- Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH), character codes and Melas codes
are constructed.


title:
Absorption features in the quasar HS 1603+3820 II. Distance to the
  absorber from photoionisation modelling

abstract:
  We present photoionisation modelling of the intrinsic absorber in the bright
quasar HS 1603+3820. We construct spectral energy distribution using
optical/UV/X-ray observations as an input to photoionisation calculations.
Spectra from Keck telescope show extremely high ratio of CIV to HI, for the
first absorber in system A, named A1. This value, together with high column
density of CIV ion, puts strong constraints on photoionisation model. We use
photoionisation modeling to derive hydrogen number density at the cloud
illuminated surface. Estimating bolometric luminosity of HS 1603+3820, from
typical formula for quasars, we calculate the distance to A1. The derived
location is as close as 0.1 pc, and situates an absorber even closer to the
nucleus than the possible location of the Broad Line Region in this object


title: The cohomology of virtually torsion-free solvable groups of finite rank

abstract:
  Assume that $G$ is a virtually torsion-free solvable group of finite rank and
$A$ a $\mathbb ZG$-module whose underlying abelian group is torsion-free and
has finite rank. We stipulate a condition on $A$ that ensures that $H^n(G,A)$
and $H_n(G,A)$ are finite for all $n\geq 0$. Using this property for cohomology
in dimension two, we deduce two results concerning the presence of near
supplements and complements in solvable groups of finite rank. As an
application of our near-supplement theorem, we obtain a new result regarding
the homological dimension of solvable groups.


title: Local quantum protocols for separable measurements with many parties

abstract:
  In a recent paper \cite{mySEPvsLOCC}, we showed how to construct a quantum
protocol for implementing a bipartite, separable quantum measurement using only
local operations on subsystems and classical communication between parties
(LOCC) within any fixed number of rounds of communication, whenever such a
protocol exists. Here, we generalize that construction to one that applies for
any number of parties. One important observation is that the construction
automatically determines the ordering of the parties' measurements, overcoming
a significant apparent difficulty in designing protocols for more than two
parties. We also present various other results about LOCC, including showing
that if, in any given measurement operator of the separable measurement under
consideration, the local parts for two different parties are rank-1 operators
that are not repeated in any other measurement operator of the measurement,
then this separable measurement cannot be exactly implemented by LOCC in any
finite number of rounds.


title: Density matrix quantum Monte Carlo

abstract:
  We present a quantum Monte Carlo method capable of sampling the full density
matrix of a many-particle system at finite temperature. This allows arbitrary
reduced density matrix elements and expectation values of complicated non-local
observables to be evaluated easily. The method resembles full configuration
interaction quantum Monte Carlo but works in the space of many-particle
operators instead of the space of many-particle wave functions. One simulation
provides the density matrix at all temperatures simultaneously, from $T=\infty$
to $T=0$, allowing the temperature dependence of expectation values to be
studied. The direct sampling of the density matrix also allows the calculation
of some previously inaccessible entanglement measures. We explain the theory
underlying the method, describe the algorithm, and introduce an
importance-sampling procedure to improve the stochastic efficiency. To
demonstrate the potential of our approach, the energy and staggered
magnetization of the isotropic antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model on small
lattices, the concurrence of one-dimensional spin rings, and the Renyi $S_2$
entanglement entropy of various sublattices of the $6 \times 6$ Heisenberg
model are calculated. The nature of the sign problem in the method is also
investigated.


title:
Rabinowitz-Floer Homology for Super-quadratic Dirac Equations On Compact
  spin Manifolds

abstract:
  In this paper we investigate the properties of a semi-linear problem on a
spin manifold involving the Dirac operator, through the construction of
Rabinowitz-Floer homology groups. We give several existence results for
sub-critical and critical non-linearities as application of the computation of
the different homologies.


title: Quantifying Social Network Dynamics

abstract:
  The dynamic character of most social networks requires to model evolution of
networks in order to enable complex analysis of theirs dynamics. The following
paper focuses on the definition of differences between network snapshots by
means of Graph Differential Tuple. These differences enable to calculate the
diverse distance measures as well as to investigate the speed of changes. Four
separate measures are suggested in the paper with experimental study on real
social network data.


title:
Variational principles and approximation of dynamical indicators for
  systems with nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior

abstract:
  This note is concerned with approximation of dynamical indicators as
pressures, Lyapunov exponents and dimension-like quantities, in systems with
nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior. For this we let $P^*(\Phi) :=
\sup_{\mu}\{h(\mu) + \mu(\Phi)\}$ be a variational pressure defined over a
suitable class of Borel measurable potentials and prove that, for regular
nonuniformly hyperbolic systems, $P^*(\Phi) = \sup_{\Omega}P^*(f|\Omega,\Phi)$,
supremum taken over the family of $f$-invariant uniformly hyperbolic basic
sets. We then apply this variational principle to the approximation of
dynamical indicators by horseshoes.


title:
Microwave spectroscopy on heavy-fermion systems: probing the dynamics of
  charges and magnetic moments

abstract:
  Investigating solids with light gives direct access to charge dynamics,
electronic and magnetic excitations. For heavy fermions, one has to adjust the
frequency of the probing light to the small characteristic energy scales,
leading to spectroscopy with microwaves. We review general concepts of the
frequency-dependent conductivity of heavy fermions, including the slow Drude
relaxation and the transition to a superconducting state, which we also
demonstrate with experimental data taken on UPd2Al3. We discuss the optical
response of a Fermi liquid and how it might be observed in heavy fermions.
Microwave studies with focus on quantum criticality in heavy fermions concern
the charge response, but also the magnetic moments can be addressed via
electron spin resonance (ESR). We discuss the case of YbRh2Si2, the open
questions concerning ESR of heavy fermions, and how these might be addressed in
the future. This includes an overview of the presently available experimental
techniques for microwave studies on heavy fermions, with a focus on broadband
studies using the Corbino approach and on planar superconducting resonators.


title: Natural selection reduced diversity on human Y chromosomes

abstract:
  The human Y chromosome exhibits surprisingly low levels of genetic diversity.
This could result from neutral processes if the effective population size of
males is reduced relative to females due to a higher variance in the number of
offspring from males than from females. Alternatively, selection acting on new
mutations, and affecting linked neutral sites, could reduce variability on the
Y chromosome. Here, using genome-wide analyses of X, Y, autosomal and
mitochondrial DNA, in combination with extensive population genetic
simulations, we show that low observed Y chromosome variability is not
consistent with a purely neutral model. Instead, we show that models of
purifying selection are consistent with observed Y diversity. Further, the
number of sites estimated to be under purifying selection greatly exceeds the
number of Y-linked coding sites, suggesting the importance of the highly
repetitive ampliconic regions. While we show that purifying selection removing
deleterious mutations can explain the low diversity on the Y chromosome, we
cannot exclude the possibility that positive selection acting on beneficial
mutations could have also reduced diversity in linked neutral regions, and may
have contributed to lowering human Y chromosome diversity. Because the
functional significance of the ampliconic regions is poorly understood, our
findings should motivate future research in this area.


title:
RadioAstron -- a Telescope with a Size of 300 000 km: Main Parameters
  and First Observational Results

abstract:
  The Russian Academy of Sciences and Federal Space Agency, together with the
participation of many international organizations, worked toward the launch of
the RadioAstron orbiting space observatory with its onboard 10-m reflector
radio telescope from the Baikonur cosmodrome on July 18, 2011. Together with
some of the largest ground-based radio telescopes and a set of stations for
tracking, collecting, and reducing the data obtained, this space radio
telescope forms a multi-antenna ground-space radio interferometer with
extremely long baselines, making it possible for the first time to study
various objects in the Universe with angular resolutions a million times better
than is possible with the human eye. The project is targeted at systematic
studies of compact radio-emitting sources and their dynamics. Objects to be
studied include supermassive black holes, accretion disks, and relativistic
jets in active galactic nuclei, stellar-mass black holes, neutron stars and
hypothetical quark stars, regions of formation of stars and planetary systems
in our and other galaxies, interplanetary and interstellar plasma, and the
gravitational field of the Earth. The results of ground-based and inflight
tests of the space radio telescope carried out in both autonomous and
ground-space interferometric regimes are reported. The derived characteristics
are in agreement with the main requirements of the project. The astrophysical
science program has begun.


title: The structure of planar defects in tilted perovskites

abstract:
  A mathematical framework is developed to describe tilted perovskites using a
tensor description of octahedral deformations. The continuity of octahedral
tilts through the crystal is described using an operator which relates the
deformations of adjacent octahedra; examination of the properties of this
operator upon application of symmetry elements allows the space group of tilted
perovskites to be obtained. It is shown that the condition of octahedral
continuity across a planar defect such as an anti-phase boundary or domain wall
necessarily leads to different octahedral tilting at the defect, and a method
is given to predict the local tilt system which will occur in any given case.
Planar boundaries in the rhombohedral R3c a-a-a- tilt system are considered as
an example.


title: Trispectrum from Co-dimension 2(n) Galileons

abstract:
  A generalized theory of multi-field galileons has been recently put forward.
This model stems from the ongoing effort to embed generic galileon theories
within brane constructions. Such an approach has proved very useful in
connecting interesting and essential features of these theories with geometric
properties of the branes embedding. We investigate the cosmological
implications of a very restrictive multi-field galileon theory whose leading
interaction is solely quartic in the scalar field and lends itself nicely to an
interesting cosmology. The trispectrum of curvature fluctuations has features
which are quite distinctive with respect to their P(X,\phi) counterpart. We
also show that, despite an absent cubic Lagrangian in the full theory,
non-Gaussianities in this model cannot produce the combination a of small
bispectrum alongside with a large trispectrum. We further expand on this point
to draw a lesson on what having a symmetry in the full background independent
theory entails at the level of fluctuations and vice-versa.


title:
Quasi Conjunction, Quasi Disjunction, T-norms and T-conorms:
  Probabilistic Aspects

abstract:
  We make a probabilistic analysis related to some inference rules which play
an important role in nonmonotonic reasoning. In a coherence-based setting, we
study the extensions of a probability assessment defined on $n$ conditional
events to their quasi conjunction, and by exploiting duality, to their quasi
disjunction. The lower and upper bounds coincide with some well known t-norms
and t-conorms: minimum, product, Lukasiewicz, and Hamacher t-norms and their
dual t-conorms. On this basis we obtain Quasi And and Quasi Or rules. These are
rules for which any finite family of conditional events p-entails the
associated quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction. We examine some cases of
logical dependencies, and we study the relations among coherence, inclusion for
conditional events, and p-entailment. We also consider the Or rule, where quasi
conjunction and quasi disjunction of premises coincide with the conclusion. We
analyze further aspects of quasi conjunction and quasi disjunction, by
computing probabilistic bounds on premises from bounds on conclusions. Finally,
we consider biconditional events, and we introduce the notion of an
$n$-conditional event. Then we give a probabilistic interpretation for a
generalized Loop rule. In an appendix we provide explicit expressions for the
Hamacher t-norm and t-conorm in the unitary hypercube.


title:
The topology of a subspace of the Legendrian curves in a closed contact
  3-manifold

abstract:
  In this paper we study a subspace of the space of Legendrian loops and we
show that the injection of this space into the full loop space is an
S1-equivariant homotopy equivalence. This space can be also seen as the space
of zero Maslov index Legendrian loops and it shows up as a suitable space of
variations in contact form geometry.


title: Domain walls in spin valve nanotracks: characterisation and applications

abstract:
  Magnetic systems based on the manipulation of domain walls (DWs) in
nano-tracks have been shown to store data at high density, perform complex
logic operations, and mechanically manipulate magnetic beads. The magnetic
track has been a model system to study magnetic and magneto-electronic
phenomena, such as field induced DW propagation and spin-transfer torque. This
thesis focuses on DW manipulation and DW-based devices in spin-valve (SV)
tracks. In comparison to monolayer tracks, the SV track enables more sensitive
and versatile measurements, as well as an electronic output of DW-based
devices, of crucial interest to applications. However, these multi-layered
tracks add new, potentially disruptive magnetic interactions, as well as
fabrication challenges. In this thesis, the DW propagation in SV tracks of
different compositions was studied, and a system with DW propagation properties
comparable to the state-of-the-art in monolayer tracks was demonstrated, down
to an unprecedented lateral size of 33nm. Several logic devices were
demonstrated and studied, namely a turn-counting DW spiral, a DW gate, DW logic
NOT gates, and a DW-DW interactor. It was found that the magnetic behaviour of
these devices was analogous to that of monolayer structures, and the device
performance, as defined by the range of field wherein they function desirably,
was found to be comparable to that of monolayer systems. The interaction
between DWs in adjacent tracks was studied and new phenomena were
characterised, such as DW depinning induced by a static or travelling adjacent
DW. The contribution of different mechanisms to electrical current induced
depinning were quantified, and it was found that the Oersted field, negligible
in monolayer tracks, was responsible for large variations in depinning field in
SV tracks, and that the strength of spin-transfer effect was similar to that
reported in monolayer tracks.


title: Colourings and the Alexander Polynomial

abstract:
  In this paper we look for closed expressions to calculate the number of
colourings of prime knots for given linear Alexander quandles. For this purpose
the colouring matrices are simplified to a triangular form, when possible. The
operations used to perform this triangularization preserve the property that
the entries in each row add up to zero, thereby simplifying the solution of the
equations giving the number of colourings. When the colouring matrices (of
prime knots up to ten crossings) can be triangularized, closed expressions
giving the number of colourings can be obtained in a straightforward way. We
use these results to show that there are colouring matrices that cannot be
triangularized. In the case of knots with triangularizable colouring matrices
we present a way to find linear Alexander quandles that distinguish by
colourings knots with different Alexander polynomials. The colourings of knots
with the same Alexander polynomial are also studied as regards when they can
and cannot be distinguished by colourings.


title:
Kinematics of Arp 270: gas flows, nuclear activity and two regimes of
  star formation

abstract:
  We have observed the Arp 270 system (NGC 3395 & NGC 3396) in H{\alpha}
emission using the GH{\alpha}FaS Fabry-Perot spectrometer on the 4.2m William
Herschel Telescope (La Palma). In NGC 3396, which is edge-on to us, we detect
gas inflow towards the centre, and also axially confined opposed outflows,
characteristic of galactic superwinds, and we go on to examine the possibility
that there is a shrouded AGN in the nucleus. The combination of surface
brightness, velocity and velocity dispersion information enabled us to measure
the radii, FWHM, and the masses of 108 HII regions in both galaxies. We find
two distinct modes of physical behaviour, for high and lower luminosity
regions. We note that the most luminous regions show especially high values for
their velocity dispersions and hypothesize that these occur because the higher
luminosity regions form from higher mass, gravitationally bound clouds while
those at lower luminosity HII regions form within molecular clouds of lower
mass, which are pressure confined.


title: On the sign representations for the complex reflection groups $G(r,p,n)$

abstract:
  We present a formula for the values of the sign representations of the
complex reflection groups $G(r,p,n)$ in terms of its image under a generalized
Robinson-Schensted map.


title: Tur\'an Numbers for Forests of Paths in Hypergraphs

abstract:
  The Tur\'an number of an r-uniform hypergraph H is the maximum number of
edges in any r-graph on n vertices which does not contain H as a subgraph. Let
P_l^(r) denote the family of r-uniform loose paths on l edges, F(k,l) denote
the family of hypergraphs consisting of k disjoint paths from P_l^(r), and
P'_l^(r) denote an r-uniform linear path on l edges. We determine precisely
ex_r(n;F(k,l)) and ex_r(n;k*P'_l^(r)), as well as the Tur\'an numbers for
forests of paths of differing lengths (whether these paths are loose or linear)
when n is appropriately large dependent on k,l,r, for r>=3. Our results build
on recent results of F\"uredi, Jiang, and Seiver who determined the extremal
numbers for individual paths, and provide more hypergraphs whose Turan numbers
are exactly determined.


title:
Simple pendulum dynamics: revisiting the Fourier-based approach to the
  solution

abstract:
  The Fourier-based analysis customarily employed to analyze the dynamics of a
simple pendulum is here revisited to propose an elementary iterative scheme
aimed at generating a sequence of analytical approximants of the exact law of
motion. Each approximant is expressed by a Fourier sum whose coefficients are
given by suitable linear combinations of Bessel functions, which are expected
to be more accessible, especially at an undergraduate level, with respect to
Jacobian elliptic functions. The first three approximants are explicitely
obtained and compared with the exact solution for typical initial angular
positions of the pendulum. In particular, it is shown that, at the lowest
approximation level, the law of motion of the pendulum turns out to be
adequately described, up to oscillation amplitudes of $\pi/2$, by a sinusoidal
temporal behaviour with a frequency proportional to the square root of the
so-called "besinc" function, well known in physical optics.


title:
Photonic crystal carpet: Manipulating wave fronts in the near field at
  1550 nm

abstract:
  Ground-plane cloaks, which transform a curved mirror into a flat one, and
recently reported at wavelengths ranging from the optical to the visible
spectrum, bring the realm of optical illusion a step closer to reality.
However, all carpet-cloaking experiments have thus far been carried out in the
far-field. Here, we demonstrate numerically and experimentally that a
dielectric photonic crystal (PC) of a complex shape made of a honeycomb array
of air holes can scatter waves in the near field like a PC with a at boundary
at stop band frequencies. This mirage effect relies upon a specific arrangement
of dielectric pillars placed at the nodes of a quasi-conformal grid dressing
the PC. Our carpet is shown to work throughout the range of wavelengths 1500nm
to 1650nm within the stop band extending from 1280 to 1940 nm. The device has
been fabricated using a single- mask advanced nanoelectronics technique on
III-V semiconductors and the near field measurements have been carried out in
order to image the wave fronts's curvatures around the telecommunication
wavelength 1550 nm.


title:
One Particle Binding of Many-Particle Semi-Relativistic Pauli-Fierz
  Model

abstract:
  It is shown that at least one particle is bound in the $N$-particle
semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model with negative potential $V(\bx)$. It is
assumed that the particles have no spin and obey the Bose or Boltzmann
statistics, and the one particle Hamiltonian $\sqrt{-\Delta+M^2}-M+ V(\bx)$ has
a ground state with negative energy $-e_0<0$, where $M>0$ denotes the mass of
the particle. We show that the ground state energy of the total system $E^V(N)$
is less than $E^0(N)-e_0$.


title: Unipotent almost characters of simple p-adic groups, II

abstract:
  This paper contains some conjectures about the unipotent almost characters of
a simple p-adic group in terms of a matrix which generalizes the nonabelian
Fourier transform matrix introduced by the author in 1979.


title: A class of exactly solvable quantum models of scalar gravity

abstract:
  Exactly solvable quantum theory of a singular at the origin scalar field with
the self-interaction of Liouville type is proposed. The mean value of the scale
factor in the FLRW metric as a function of conformal time is evaluated
explicitly.


title: Pyramid diffraction in parity-time-symmetric optical lattices

abstract:
  Nonlinear dynamics of wave packets in two-dimensional parity-time-symmetric
optical lattices near the phase-transition point are analytically studied. A
novel fourth-order equation is derived for the envelope of these wave packets.
A pyramid diffraction pattern is demonstrated in both the linear and nonlinear
regimes. Blow-up is also possible in the nonlinear regime for both focusing and
defocusing nonlinearities.


title:
Towards an Integrated Approach to Crowd Analysis and Crowd Synthesis: a
  Case Study and First Results

abstract:
  Studies related to crowds of pedestrians, both those of theoretical nature
and application oriented ones, have generally focused on either the analysis or
the synthesis of the phenomena related to the interplay between individual
pedestrians, each characterised by goals, preferences and potentially relevant
relationships with others, and the environment in which they are situated. The
cases in which these activities have been systematically integrated for a
mutual benefit are still very few compared to the corpus of crowd related
literature. This paper presents a case study of an integrated approach to the
definition of an innovative model for pedestrian and crowd simulation (on the
side of synthesis) that was actually motivated and supported by the analyses of
empirical data acquired from both experimental settings and observations in
real world scenarios. In particular, we will introduce a model for the adaptive
behaviour of pedestrians that are also members of groups, that strive to
maintain their cohesion even in difficult (e.g. high density) situations. The
paper will show how the synthesis phase also provided inputs to the analysis of
empirical data, in a virtuous circle.


title:
Dichotomy of Poincare map and boundedness of solutions of certain
  non-autonomous periodic cauchy problems

abstract:
  In this paper we study the dichotomy of Poincarce map. We give a relation
between the dichotomy of the Poincarce map and boundedness of solutions of
certain periodic Cauchy problems


title:
The exit problem from the neighborhood of a global attractor for
  heavy-tailed L\'evy diffusions

abstract:
  We consider a finite dimensional deterministic dynamical system with a global
attractor A with a unique ergodic measure P concentrated on it, which is
uniformly parametrized by the mean of the trajectories in a bounded set D
containing A. We perturbe this dynamical system by a multiplicative heavy
tailed L\'evy noise of small intensity \epsilon>0 and solve the asymptotic
first exit time and location problem from a bounded domain D around the
attractor A in the limit of {\epsilon} to 0. In contrast to the case of
Gaussian perturbations, the exit time has the asymptotically algebraic exit
rate as a function of \epsilon, just as in the case when A is a stable fixed
point. In the small noise limit, we determine the joint law of the first time
and the exit location on the complement of D. As an example, we study the first
exit problem from a neighbourhood of a stable limit cycle for the Van der Pol
oscillator perturbed by multiplicative \alpha-stable L\'evy noise.


title: Analytic Campanato Spaces and Their Compositions

abstract:
  This paper is devoted to characterizing the analytic Campanato spaces
$\mathcal{AL}_{p,\eta}$ (including the analytic Morrey spaces, the analytic
John-Nirenberg space, and the analytic Lipschitz/H\"older spaces) on the
complex unit disk $\mathbb D$ in terms of the M\"obius mapping and the
Littlewood-Paley form, and consequently their compositions with the analytic
self-maps of $\mathbb D$.


title:
Galactic rotation curves and strange quark matter with observational
  constraints

abstract:
  We obtain the space time of the galactic core in the framework of general
relativity by taking the flat rotational curve as input and considering the
matter content in the galactic core region as strange quark matter. We also
obtain the energy density, radial and tangential pressures of the core strange
quark matter. Significantly we have shown that Bag Constant takes an important
role to stabilize the circular orbit of the test particles. We also give a
limit of the Bag Constant for the existence of quark matter in the galactic
halo region.


title: Recent Progress in the Theory of the Crystalline Undulator

abstract:
  If an ultrarelativistic charged particle channels inside a single crystal
with periodically bent crystallographic planes, it emits hard electromagnetic
radiation of the undulator type. Due to similarity of its physical principles
to the ordinary (magnetic) undulator, such a device is termed as the
crystalline undulator. Recent development of a new Monte Carlo code ChaS made
possible a detailed simulation of particle channeling and radiation emission in
periodically bent crystals. According to recent findings, energy of the
electron beam below 1 GeV is sufficient to observe the undulator effect in a
periodically bent crystal. Even more exciting results were obtained for a
crystalline undulator whose bending period is shorter than the period of the
channeling oscillations and the bending amplitude is smaller than the width of
the planar channel. Such a crystalline undulator is far superior to what was
proposed previously. It allows for a large effective number of undulator
periods. Therefore, it is predicted to emit intense undulator radiation in the
forward direction. A narrow undulator peak is seen for both positron and
electron beams. Using positrons is, however, more desirable because in this
case the intensity of the undulator radiation is higher while the background is
lower.

categories: physics.acc-ph physics.comp-ph physics.ins-det physics.optics


title: Exact knot solutions in a generalized Skyrme-Faddeev model

abstract:
  We propose a generalized Skyrme-Faddeev type theory with an additional scalar
field. In a special case of model parameters one has a theory which admits
exact knot solutions given by a class of exact toroidal solitons from
Aratyn-Ferreira-Zimerman (AFZ) integrable CP1 model. In a general case the
theory admits an exact knot solution for a unit Hopf charge. For higher Hopf
charges we perform numeric analysis of the solutions and obtain estimates for
the knot energies using energy minimization procedure based on ansatz with AFZ
field configurations and with rational functions. We show that AFZ
configurations provide a better approximate solutions. The corresponding knot
energies are in a good agreement with a standard law for the low energy bound,
E_H\simeq Q_H^{3/4}.


title:
Atomistic Simulations of Highly Conductive Molecular Transport Junctions
  Under Realistic Conditions

abstract:
  We report state-of-the-art atomistic simulations combined with high-fidelity
conductance calculations to probe structure-conductance relationships in
Au-benzenedithiolate(BDT)-Au junctions under elongation. Our results
demonstrate that large increases in conductance are associated with the
formation of monatomic chains (MACs) of Au atoms directly connected to BDT. An
analysis of the electronic structure of the simulated junctions reveals that
enhancement in the s-like states in Au MACs causes the increases in
conductance. Other structures also result in increased conductance but are too
short-lived to be detected in experiment, while MACs remain stable for long
simulation times. Examinations of thermally evolved junctions with and without
MACs show negligible overlap between conductance histograms, indicating that
the increase in conductance is related to this unique structural change and not
thermal fluctuation. These results, which provide an excellent explanation for
a recently observed anomalous experimental result [Bruot et al., Nature
Nanotech., 2012, 7, 35-40], should aid in the development of mechanically
responsive molecular electronic devices.

categories: cond-mat.mes-hall physics.atom-ph physics.chem-ph physics.comp-ph


title: Reduced products of UHF algebras under forcing axioms

abstract:
  If $A_n$ is a sequence of C*-algebras, then the C*-algebra $\prod A_n /
\bigoplus A_n$ is called a reduced product. We prove, assuming Todorcevic's
Axiom and Martin's Axiom, that every isomorphism between two reduced products
of separable, unital UHF algebras must be definable in a strong sense. As a
corollary we deduce that two such reduced products $\prod A_n / \bigoplus A_n$
and $\prod B_n / \bigoplus B_n$ are isomorphic if and only if, up to an
almost-permutation of $\mathbb{N}$, $A_n$ is isomorphic to $B_n$.


title: Limits to superweak amplification of beam shifts

abstract:
  The magnitudes of beam shifts (Goos-H\"anchen and Imbert-Fedorov, spatial and
angular) are greatly enhanced when a reflected light beam is postselected by an
analyzer, by analogy with superweak measurements in quantum theory.
Particularly strong enhancements can be expected close to angles at which no
light is transmitted for a fixed initial and final polarizations. We derive a
formula for the angular and spatial shifts at such angles (which includes the
Brewster angle), and we show that their maximum size is limited by higher-order
terms from the reflection coefficients occurring in the Artmann shift formula.


title: Is alpha-conversion easy?

abstract:
  We present a new lambda-calculus with explicit substitutions and named
variables. Renaming of bound variables in this calculus is explicit (there is a
special rewrite rule) and can be delayed. Contexts (environments) are not sets
or lists without multiplicity, but have a more complicated structure. There is
a natural order on the set of contexts. A "set" of free variables is not a set,
but a context in the new sense. New definitions simplify working with
alpha-conversion.


title:
Quantum simulations of gauge theories with ultracold atoms: local gauge
  invariance from angular momentum conservation

abstract:
  Quantum simulations of High Energy Physics, and especially of gauge theories,
is an emerging and exciting direction in quantum simulations. However,
simulations of such theories, compared to simulations of condensed matter
physics, must satisfy extra restrictions, such as local gauge and Lorentz
invariance. In this paper we discuss these special requirements, and present a
new method for quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories using ultracold
atoms. This method allows to include local gauge invariance as a fundamental
symmetry of the atomic Hamiltonian, arising from natural atomic interactions
and conservation laws (and not as a property of a low energy sector). This
allows us to implement elementary gauge invariant interactions for three
lattice gauge theories: compact QED (U(1)), SU(N) and Z_N, which can be used to
build quantum simulators in 1+1 dimensions. We also present a new loop method,
which uses the elementary interactions as building blocks in the effective
construction of quantum simulations for d+1 dimensional lattice gauge theories
(d>1), without having to use Gauss's law as a constraint, as in previous
proposals. We discuss in detail the quantum simulation of 2+1 dimensional
compact QED and provide a numerical proof of principle. The simplicity of the
already gauge invariant elementary interactions of this model suggests it may
be useful for future experimental realizations.

categories: quant-ph cond-mat.quant-gas hep-lat hep-th


title: Separating linear forms for bivariate systems

abstract:
  We present an algorithm for computing a separating linear form of a system of
bivariate polynomials with integer coefficients, that is a linear combination
of the variables that takes different values when evaluated at distinct
(complex) solutions of the system. In other words, a separating linear form
defines a shear of the coordinate system that sends the algebraic system in
generic position, in the sense that no two distinct solutions are vertically
aligned. The computation of such linear forms is at the core of most algorithms
that solve algebraic systems by computing rational parameterizations of the
solutions and, moreover, the computation a separating linear form is the
bottleneck of these algorithms, in terms of worst-case bit complexity. Given
two bivariate polynomials of total degree at most $d$ with integer coefficients
of bitsize at most~$\tau$, our algorithm computes a separating linear form in
$\sOB(d^{8}+d^7\tau)$ bit operations in the worst case, where the previously
known best bit complexity for this problem was $\sOB(d^{10}+d^9\tau)$ (where
$\sO$ refers to the complexity where polylogarithmic factors are omitted and
$O_B$ refers to the bit complexity).


title:
Rational Univariate Representations of Bivariate Systems and
  Applications

abstract:
  We address the problem of solving systems of two bivariate polynomials of
total degree at most $d$ with integer coefficients of maximum bitsize $\tau$.
It is known that a linear separating form, that is a linear combination of the
variables that takes different values at distinct solutions of the system, can
be computed in $\sOB(d^{8}+d^7\tau)$ bit operations (where $O_B$ refers to bit
complexities and $\sO$ to complexities where polylogarithmic factors are
omitted) and we focus here on the computation of a Rational Univariate
Representation (RUR) given a linear separating form. We present an algorithm
for computing a RUR with worst-case bit complexity in $\sOB(d^7+d^6\tau)$ and
bound the bitsize of its coefficients by $\sO(d^2+d\tau)$. We show in addition
that isolating boxes of the solutions of the system can be computed from the
RUR with $\sOB(d^{8}+d^7\tau)$ bit operations. Finally, we show how a RUR can
be used to evaluate the sign of a bivariate polynomial (of degree at most $d$
and bitsize at most $\tau$) at one real solution of the system in
$\sOB(d^{8}+d^7\tau)$ bit operations and at all the $\Theta(d^2)$ {real}
solutions in only $O(d)$ times that for one solution.


title:
Do entangled photons induce two-photon two-atom transitions more
  efficiently than other states of light ?

abstract:
  We study in this paper the efficiency of different two-photon states of light
to induce the simultaneous excitation of two atoms of different kinds when the
sum of the energies of the two photons matches the sum of the energies of the
two atomic transitions, while no photons are resonant with each individual
transition. We find that entangled two-photon states produced by an atomic
cascade are indeed capable of enhancing by a large factor the simultaneous
excitation probability as compared to uncorrelated photons, as predicted some
years ago by Muthukrishnan et al, but that several non-entangled, separable,
correlated states, produced either by an atomic cascade or parametric down
conversion, or even appropriate combinations of coher- ent states, have
comparable efficiencies. We show that the key ingredient for the increase of
simultaneous excitation probability is the presence of strong frequency
anti-correlation and not time correlation nor time-frequency entanglement.


title:
Genomic evidence of rapid and stable adaptive oscillations over seasonal
  time scales in Drosophila

abstract:
  In many species, genomic data have revealed pervasive adaptive evolution
indicated by the fixation of beneficial alleles. However, when selection
pressures are highly variable along a species range or through time adaptive
alleles may persist at intermediate frequencies for long periods. So called
balanced polymorphisms have long been understood to be an important component
of standing genetic variation yet direct evidence of the strength of balancing
selection and the stability and prevalence of balanced polymorphisms has
remained elusive. We hypothesized that environmental fluctuations between
seasons in a North American orchard would impose temporally variable selection
on Drosophila melanogaster and consequently maintain allelic variation at
polymorphisms adaptively evolving in response to climatic variation. We
identified hundreds of polymorphisms whose frequency oscillates among seasons
and argue that these loci are subject to strong, temporally variable selection.
We show that these polymorphisms respond to acute and persistent changes in
climate and are associated in predictable ways with seasonally variable
phenotypes. In addition, we show that adaptively oscillating polymorphisms are
likely millions of years old, with some likely predating the divergence between
D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Taken together, our results demonstrate that
rapid temporal fluctuations in climate over generational time promotes adaptive
genetic diversity at loci affecting polygenic phenotypes.


title:
Effective stability for slow time-dependent near-integrable Hamiltonians
  and application

abstract:
  The aim of this note is to prove a result of effective stability for a
non-autonomous perturbation of an integrable Hamiltonian system, provided that
the perturbation depends slowly on time. Then we use this result to clarify and
extend a stability result of Giorgilli and Zehnder for a mechanical system with
an arbitrary time-dependent potential.


title:
A delimitation of the support of optimal designs for Kiefer's
  $\phi_p$-class of criteria

abstract:
  The paper extends the result of Harman and Pronzato [Stat. & Prob. Lett.,
77:90--94, 2007], which corresponds to $p=0$, to all strictly concave criteria
in Kiefer's $\phi_p$-class. Let $\xi$ be any design on a compact set
$X\subset\mathbb{R}^m$ with a nonsingular information matrix $\Mb(\xi)$, and
let $\delta$ be the maximum of the directional derivative $F_{\phi_p}(\xi,x)$
over all $x\in X$. We show that any support point $x_*$ of a $\phi_p$-optimal
design satisfies the inequality $F_{\phi_p}(\xi,x_*) \geq
h_p[\Mb(\xi),\delta]$, where the bound $h_p[\Mb(\xi),\delta]$ is easily
computed: it requires the determination of the unique root of a simple
univariate equation (polynomial when $p$ is integer) in a given interval. The
construction can be used to accelerate algorithms for $\phi_p$-optimal design
and is illustrated on an example with $A$-optimal design.


title: Remarks on functional calculus for perturbed first order Dirac operators

abstract:
  We make some remarks on earlier works on $R-$bisectoriality in $L^p$ of
perturbed first order differential operators by Hyt\"onen, McIntosh and Portal.
They have shown that this is equivalent to bounded holomorphic functional
calculus in $L^p$ for $p$ in any open interval when suitable hypotheses are
made. Hyt\"onen and McIntosh then showed that $R$-bisectoriality in $L^p$ at
one value of $p$ can be extrapolated in a neighborhood of $p$. We give a
different proof of this extrapolation and observe that the first proof has
impact on the splitting of the space by the kernel and range.


title:
A CMB lensing mass map and its correlation with the cosmic infrared
  background

abstract:
  We use a temperature map of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) obtained
using the South Pole Telescope at 150 GHz to construct a map of the
gravitational convergence to z ~ 1100, revealing the fluctuations in the
projected mass density. This map shows individual features that are significant
at the ~ 4 sigma level, providing the first image of CMB lensing convergence.
We cross-correlate this map with Herschel/SPIRE maps covering 90 square degrees
at wavelengths of 500, 350, and 250 microns. We show that these
submillimeter-wavelength (submm) maps are strongly correlated with the lensing
convergence map, with detection significances in each of the three submm bands
ranging from 6.7 to 8.8 sigma. We fit the measurement of the cross power
spectrum assuming a simple constant bias model and infer bias factors of
b=1.3-1.8, with a statistical uncertainty of 15%, depending on the assumed
model for the redshift distribution of the dusty galaxies that are contributing
to the Herschel/SPIRE maps.


title: Hard Two-body Photodisintegration of 3He

abstract:
  We have measured cross sections for the gamma+3He->p+d reaction at photon
energies of 0.4 - 1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90 deg. We observe
dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the
first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a
nucleus heavier than the deuteron.


title:
Using evolutionary design to interactively sketch car silhouettes and
  stimulate designer's creativity

abstract:
  An Interactive Genetic Algorithm is proposed to progressively sketch the
desired side-view of a car profile. It adopts a Fourier decomposition of a 2D
profile as the genotype, and proposes a cross-over mechanism. In addition, a
formula function of two genes' discrepancies is fitted to the perceived
dissimilarity between two car profiles. This similarity index is intensively
used, throughout a series of user tests, to highlight the added value of the
IGA compared to a systematic car shape exploration, to prove its ability to
create superior satisfactory designs and to stimulate designer's creativity.
These tests have involved six designers with a design goal defined by a
semantic attribute. The results reveal that if "friendly" is diversely
interpreted in terms of car shapes, "sportive" denotes a very conventional
representation which may be a limitation for shape renewal.


title:
On Preferred Axes in WMAP Cosmic Microwave Background Data after
  Subtraction of the Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect

abstract:
  There is currently a debate over the existence of claimed statistical
anomalies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), recently confirmed in
Planck data. Recent work has focussed on methods for measuring statistical
significance, on masks and on secondary anisotropies as potential causes of the
anomalies. We investigate simultaneously the method for accounting for masked
regions and the foreground integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) signal. We search for
trends in different years of WMAP CMB data with different mask treatments. We
reconstruct the ISW field due to the 2 Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) and the
NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) up to l=5, and we focus on the Axis of Evil (AoE)
statistic and even/odd mirror parity, both of which search for preferred axes
in the Universe. We find that removing the ISW reduces the significance of
these anomalies in WMAP data, though this does not exclude the possibility of
exotic physics. In the spirit of reproducible research, all reconstructed maps
and codes will be made available for download at
http://www.cosmostat.org/anomaliesCMB.html.


title: Quantifying energetics and dissipation in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

abstract:
  We perform a suite of two- and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)
simulations with the Athena code of the non-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
in the subsonic, weak magnetic field limit. Focusing the analysis on the
non-linear turbulent regime, we quantify energy transfer on a scale-by-scale
basis and identify the physical mechanisms responsible for energy exchange by
developing the diagnostic known as spectral energy transfer function analysis.
At late times when the fluid is in a state of MHD turbulence, magnetic tension
mediates the dominant mode of energy injection into the magnetic reservoir,
whereby turbulent fluid motions twist and stretch the magnetic field lines.
This generated magnetic energy turbulently cascades to smaller scales, while
being exchanged backwards and forwards with the kinetic energy reservoir, until
finally being dissipated. Incorporating explicit dissipation pushes the
dissipation scale to larger scales than if the dissipation were entirely
numerical. For scales larger than the dissipation scale, we show that the
physics of energy transfer in decaying MHD turbulence is robust to numerical
effects.


title: Common path interference in Zener tunneling is a universal phenomenon

abstract:
  We show that the probability of electric field induced interband tunneling in
solid state systems is generically a non-monotonic (oscillatory) function of
the applied field. This unexpected behavior can be understood as arising due to
a common path interference between two distinct tunneling solutions. The
phenomenon is insensitive to magnetic field, and arises whenever the low energy
dispersion relation contains higher order terms in addition to the usual $p^2$
term. Such higher order terms are generically present, albeit with small
co-efficient, so that the oscillatory Zener tunneling is a universal
phenomenon. However, the first `Zener oscillation' occurs at a transmission
probability which is exponentially small when the co-efficient of the higher
order terms is small. This explains why this oscillatory aspect of Zener
tunneling has been hitherto overlooked, despite its universality. The common
path interference is also destroyed by the presence of odd powers of $p$ in the
low energy dispersion relation. Since odd powers of $p$ are strictly absent
only when the tunneling barrier lies along an axis of mirror symmetry, it
follows that the robustness of the oscillatory behavior depends on the
orientation of the tunneling barrier. Bilayer graphene is identified as a
particularly good material for observation of common path interference, due to
its unusual nearly isotropic dispersion relation, where the $p^4$ term makes
the leading contribution.


title: Elliptic fibrations for SU(5) x U(1) x U(1) F-theory vacua

abstract:
  Elliptic Calabi-Yau fibrations with Mordell-Weil group of rank two are
constructed. Such geometries are the basis for F-theory compactifications with
two abelian gauge groups in addition to non-abelian gauge symmetry. We present
the elliptic fibre both as a Bl^2P^2[3]-fibration and in the birationally
equivalent Weierstrass form. The spectrum of charged singlets and their Yukawa
interactions are worked out in generality. This framework can be combined with
the toric construction of tops to implement additional non-abelian gauge
groups. We utilise the classification of tops to construct SU(5) x U(1) x U(1)
gauge symmetries systematically and study the resulting geometries, presenting
the defining equations, the matter curves and their charges, the Yukawa
couplings and explaining the process in detail for an example. Brane
recombination relates these geometries to a Bl^1P^2[3]-fibration with a
corresponding class of SU(5) x U(1) models. We also present the SU(5) tops
based on the elliptic fibre Bl^1P_[1,1,2][4], corresponding to another class of
SU(5) x U(1) models.


title: Very Low Energy Supernovae from Neutrino Mass Loss

abstract:
  The continuing difficulty of achieving a reliable explosion in simulations of
core-collapse supernovae, especially for more massive stars, has led to
speculation concerning the observable transients that might be produced if such
a supernova fails. Even if a prompt outgoing shock fails to form in a
collapsing presupernova star, one must still consider the hydrodynamic response
of the star to the abrupt loss of mass via neutrinos as the core forms a
protoneutron star. Following a suggestion by Nadezhin (1980), we calculate the
hydrodynamical responses of typical supernova progenitor stars to the rapid
loss of approximately 0.2 to 0.5 M_sun of gravitational mass from their
centers. In a red supergiant star, a very weak supernova with total kinetic
energy ~ 10^47 erg results. The binding energy of a large fraction of the
hydrogen envelope before the explosion is of the same order and, depending upon
assumptions regarding the neutrino loss rates, most of it is ejected. Ejection
speeds are ~ 100 km/s and luminosities ~ 10^39 erg/s are maintained for about a
year. A significant part of the energy comes from the recombination of
hydrogen. The color of the explosion is extremely red and the events bear some
similarity to "luminous red novae," but have much lower speeds.


title:
"Light" Higgs and warped models: Case for a Gigantic International
  Hadron Collider

abstract:
  The LHC seems to have made a monumental discovery, Higgs-like particle of
mass around 125 GeV with properties akin to a Standard Model Higgs. In the
context of a warped theory of flavor, which is theoretically very attractive,
this suggests Kaluza-Klein particle masses are likely to be above 10 TeV except
possibly for a radion. The interpretation of the SM-like Higgs from the
perspective of other interesting beyond the SM scenarios is also likely that
the relevant scale is higher than accessible to the LHC. In light of these
developments, deeper understanding of flavor and other fundamental issues
requires a gigantic international hadron collider [GIHC] perhaps with cm energy
of $\approx$ 100 TeV \cite{2talks}. It is suggested that a {\it global effort}
should be made for constructing this machine for resolving many questions that
SM cannot answer.


title:
GRay: a Massively Parallel GPU-Based Code for Ray Tracing in
  Relativistic Spacetimes

abstract:
  We introduce GRay, a massively parallel integrator designed to trace the
trajectories of billions of photons in a curved spacetime. This GPU-based
integrator employs the stream processing paradigm, is implemented in CUDA
C/C++, and runs on nVidia graphics cards. The peak performance of GRay using
single precision floating-point arithmetic on a single GPU exceeds 300 GFLOP
(or 1 nanosecond per photon per time step). For a realistic problem, where the
peak performance cannot be reached, GRay is two orders of magnitude faster than
existing CPU-based ray tracing codes. This performance enhancement allows more
effective searches of large parameter spaces when comparing theoretical
predictions of images, spectra, and lightcurves from the vicinities of compact
objects to observations. GRay can also perform on-the-fly ray tracing within
general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic algorithms that simulate accretion
flows around compact objects. Making use of this algorithm, we calculate the
properties of the shadows of Kerr black holes and the photon rings that
surround them. We also provide accurate fitting formulae of their dependencies
on black hole spin and observer inclination, which can be used to interpret
upcoming observations of the black holes at the center of the Milky Way, as
well as M87, with the Event Horizon Telescope.


title: Black Hole-Galaxy Correlations without Self-Regulation

abstract:
  Recent models of black hole growth in a cosmological context have forwarded a
paradigm in which the growth is self-regulated by feedback from the black hole
itself. Here we use cosmological zoom simulations of galaxy formation down to z
= 2 to show that such strong self-regulation is required in the popular
spherical Bondi accretion model, but that a plausible alternative model in
which black hole growth is limited by galaxy-scale torques does not require
self-regulation. Instead, this torque-limited accretion model yields black
holes and galaxies evolving on average along the observed scaling relations by
relying only on a fixed, 5% mass retention rate onto the black hole from the
radius at which the accretion flow is fed. Feedback from the black hole may
(and likely does) occur, but does not need to couple to galaxy-scale gas in
order to regulate black hole growth. We show that this result is insensitive to
variations in the initial black hole mass, stellar feedback, or other
implementation details. The torque-limited model allows for high accretion
rates at very early epochs (unlike the Bondi case), which if viable can help
explain the rapid early growth of black holes, while by z = 2 it yields
Eddington factors of 1%-10%. This model also yields a less direct
correspondence between major merger events and rapid phases of black hole
growth. Instead, growth is more closely tied to cosmological disk feeding,
which may help explain observational studies showing that, at least at z > 1,
active galaxies do not preferentially show merger signatures.


title:
Gas-regulation of galaxies: the evolution of the cosmic sSFR, the
  metallicity-mass-SFR relation and the stellar content of haloes

abstract:
  A very simple physical model of galaxies, in which the formation of stars is
instantaneously regulated by the mass of gas in a reservoir, links together
three different aspects of the evolving galaxy population:(a) the cosmic time
evolution of the specific star-formation rate sSFR relative to the growth of
haloes, (b) the gas-phase metallicities across the galaxy population and over
cosmic time, and (c) the ratio of the stellar to dark matter mass of haloes. If
the SFR efficiency and wind mass loading are constant, the sSFR is set to the
specific accretion rate of the galaxy: more realistic situations lead to an
sSFR which is perturbed from this identity. The metallicity is set by the
instantaneous operation of the regulator system rather than by the past history
of the system. The regulator system naturally produces a Z(mstar, SFR)
relation, with SFR as a second parameter in the mass-metallicity relation. This
will be the same at all epochs unless the efficiency and mass-loading change
with time, naturally producing a so-called "fundamental metallicity relation".
The observed Z(mstar) relation of SDSS galaxies implies a strong dependence of
stellar mass on halo mass that reconciles the different faint end slopes of the
stellar and halo mass-functions in standard {\Lambda}CDM. It also boosts the
sSFR relative to the specific accretion rate and produces a different
dependence on mass, both of which are observed. The derived Z(mstar, SFR)
relation for the regulator system is fit to published Z(mstar, SFR) data. The
fitted efficiency is consistent with observed molecular gas-depletion
timescales in galaxies while the fitted mass-loading is also plausible. The
model also successfully reproduces the mass-metallicity relation of
star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2.


title:
Constraints on Warm Dark Matter models from high-redshift long gamma-ray
  bursts

abstract:
  Structures in Warm Dark Matter (WDM) models are exponentially suppressed
below a certain scale, characterized by the dark matter particle mass, $m_{\rm
x}$. Since structures form hierarchically, the presence of collapsed objects at
high-redshifts can set strong lower limits on $m_{\rm x}$. We place robust
constraints on $m_{\rm x}$ using recent results from the {\it Swift} database
of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We parameterize the redshift
evolution of the ratio between the cosmic GRB rate and star formation rate
(SFR) as $\propto (1+z)^\alpha$, thereby allowing astrophysical uncertainties
to partially mimic the cosmological suppression of structures in WDM models.
Using a maximum likelihood estimator on two different $z>4$ GRB subsamples
(including two bursts at $z>8$), we constrain $m_{\rm x} \gtrsim 1.6$-1.8 keV
at 95% C.L., when marginalized over a flat prior in $\alpha$. We further
estimate that 5 years of a SVOM-like mission would tighten these constraints to
$m_{\rm x} \gtrsim 2.3 $ keV. Our results show that GRBs are a powerful probe
of high-redshift structures, providing robust and competitive constraints on
$m_{\rm x}$.


title:
Which research in design creativity and innovation? Let us not forget
  the reality of companies

abstract:
  Studying design creativity and innovation from practical perspectives for
companies requires both a good understanding of the company ecosystem and its
inner processes contributing to delivered innovations and a rigorous design
research methodology to provide effective design models, methods, platforms
that are truly effective in the context of company. Working in an Industrial
Engineering laboratory, we advocate a more systemic vision of design creativity
and innovation in company ecosystems. We present in this paper an attempt to
develop and make professional an innovation engineering. Our research works are
illustrated along the different research topics of an innovation process. We
start by a recent survey on innovation practice and organizational models led
in 28 large companies. The lessons learned about this survey reinforce our
belief that there is a need for a new method in agile management of radical
innovation projects in company contexts. We currently develop, test and apply
such a methodology named: Radical Innovation Design(RID). Its effectiveness has
been evaluated through a large scale evaluation of the project outcomes for the
company. Two extensions of RID have been proposed and deployed in company
contexts: a selection procedure for innovation clusters and a value-driven
process for airplane development projects.


title: Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results

abstract:
  The ESA's Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its
subsequent evolution, was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the
microwave and submillimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009. This paper
gives an overview of the mission and its performance, the processing, analysis,
and characteristics of the data, the scientific results, and the science data
products and papers in the release. The science products include maps of the
CMB and diffuse extragalactic foregrounds, a catalogue of compact Galactic and
extragalactic sources, and a list of sources detected through the SZ effect.
The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data
and a lensing likelihood are described. Scientific results include robust
support for the standard six-parameter LCDM model of cosmology and improved
measurements of its parameters, including a highly significant deviation from
scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum. The Planck values for these
parameters and others derived from them are significantly different from those
previously determined. Several large-scale anomalies in the temperature
distribution of the CMB, first detected by WMAP, are confirmed with higher
confidence. Planck sets new limits on the number and mass of neutrinos, and has
measured gravitational lensing of CMB anisotropies at greater than 25 sigma.
Planck finds no evidence for non-Gaussianity in the CMB. Planck's results agree
well with results from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations. Planck
finds a lower Hubble constant than found in some more local measures. Some
tension is also present between the amplitude of matter fluctuations derived
from CMB data and that derived from SZ data. The Planck and WMAP power spectra
are offset from each other by an average level of about 2% around the first
acoustic peak.


title: Planck 2013 results. II. Low Frequency Instrument data processing

abstract:
  We describe the data processing pipeline of the Planck Low Frequency
Instrument (LFI) data processing centre (DPC) to create and characterize
full-sky maps based on the first 15.5 months of operations at 30, 44 and 70
GHz. In particular, we discuss the various steps involved in reducing the data,
starting from telemetry packets through to the production of cleaned,
calibrated timelines and calibrated frequency maps. Data are continuously
calibrated using the modulation induced on the mean temperature of the cosmic
microwave background radiation by the proper motion of the spacecraft. Sky
signals other than the dipole are removed by an iterative procedure based on
simultaneous fitting of calibration parameters and sky maps. Noise properties
are estimated from time-ordered data after the sky signal has been removed,
using a generalized least square map-making algorithm. A destriping code
(Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into
sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance
matrices, required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck
products, are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the -20 dB level
using Jupiter transits, which are also used for the geometrical calibration of
the focal plane.


title: Planck 2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties

abstract:
  We present the current estimate of instrumental and systematic effect
uncertainties for the Planck-Low Frequency Instrument relevant to the first
release of the Planck cosmological results. We give an overview of the main
effects and of the tools and methods applied to assess residuals in maps and
power spectra. We also present an overall budget of known systematic effect
uncertainties, which are dominated sidelobe straylight pick-up and imperfect
calibration. However, even these two effects are at least two orders of
magnitude weaker than the cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuations as
measured in terms of the angular temperature power spectrum. A residual signal
above the noise level is present in the multipole range $\ell<20$, most notably
at 30 GHz, and is likely caused by residual Galactic straylight contamination.
Current analysis aims to further reduce the level of spurious signals in the
data and to improve the systematic effects modelling, in particular with
respect to straylight and calibration uncertainties.


title:
Planck 2013 results. IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window
  functions

abstract:
  This paper presents the characterization of the in-flight beams, the beam
window functions and the associated uncertainties for the Planck Low Frequency
Instrument (LFI). Knowledge of the beam profiles is necessary for determining
the transfer function to go from the observed to the actual sky anisotropy
power spectrum. The main beam distortions affect the beam window function,
complicating the reconstruction of the anisotropy power spectrum at high
multipoles, whereas the sidelobes affect the low and intermediate multipoles.
The in-flight assessment of the LFI main beams relies on the measurements
performed during Jupiter observations. By stacking the data from multiple
Jupiter transits, the main beam profiles are measured down to -20 dB at 30 and
44 GHz, and down to -25 dB at 70 GHz. The main beam solid angles are determined
to better than 0.2% at each LFI frequency band. The Planck pre-launch optical
model is conveniently tuned to characterize the main beams independently of any
noise effects. This approach provides an optical model whose beams fully
reproduce the measurements in the main beam region, but also allows a
description of the beams at power levels lower than can be achieved by the
Jupiter measurements themselves. The agreement between the simulated beams and
the measured beams is better than 1% at each LFI frequency band. The simulated
beams are used for the computation of the window functions for the effective
beams. The error budget for the window functions is estimated from both main
beam and sidelobe contributions, and accounts for the radiometer bandshapes.
The total uncertainties in the effective beam window functions are: 2% and 1.2%
at 30 and 44 GHz, respectively (at $\ell \approx 600$), and 0.7% at 70 GHz (at
$\ell \approx 1000$).


title: Planck 2013 results. V. LFI calibration

abstract:
  We discuss the methods employed to photometrically calibrate the data
acquired by the Low Frequency Instrument on Planck. Our calibration is based on
a combination of the Orbital Dipole plus the Solar Dipole, caused respectively
by the motion of the Planck spacecraft with respect to the Sun and by motion of
the Solar System with respect to the CMB rest frame. The latter provides a
signal of a few mK with the same spectrum as the CMB anisotropies and is
visible throughout the mission. In this data release we rely on the
characterization of the Solar Dipole as measured by WMAP. We also present
preliminary results (at 44GHz only) on the study of the Orbital Dipole, which
agree with the WMAP value of the Solar System speed within our uncertainties.
We compute the calibration constant for each radiometer roughly once per hour,
in order to keep track of changes in the detectors' gain. Since non-idealities
in the optical response of the beams proved to be important, we implemented a
fast convolution algorithm which considers the full beam response in estimating
the signal generated by the dipole. Moreover, in order to further reduce the
impact of residual systematics due to sidelobes, we estimated time variations
in the calibration constant of the 30GHz radiometers (the ones with the largest
sidelobes) using the signal of a reference load. We have estimated the
calibration accuracy in two ways: we have run a set of simulations to assess
the impact of statistical errors and systematic effects in the instrument and
in the calibration procedure, and we have performed a number of consistency
checks on the data and on the brightness temperature of Jupiter. Calibration
errors for this data release are expected to be about 0.6% at 44 and 70 GHz,
and 0.8% at 30 GHz. (Abriged.)


title: Planck 2013 results. VI. High Frequency Instrument data processing

abstract:
  We describe the processing of the 531 billion raw data samples from the High
Frequency Instrument (hereafter HFI), which we performed to produce six
temperature maps from the first 473 days of Planck-HFI survey data. These maps
provide an accurate rendition of the sky emission at 100, 143, 217, 353, 545,
and 857 GHz with an angular resolution ranging from 9.7 to 4.6 arcmin. The
detector noise per (effective) beam solid angle is respectively, 10, 6, 12 and
39 microKelvin in HFI four lowest frequency channel (100--353 GHz) and 13 and
14 kJy/sr for the 545 and 857 GHz channels. Using the 143 GHz channel as a
reference, these two high frequency channels are intercalibrated within 5% and
the 353 GHz relative calibration is at the percent level. The 100 and 217 GHz
channels, which together with the 143 GHz channel determine the high-multipole
part of the CMB power spectrum (50 < l <2500), are intercalibrated at better
than 0.2 %.


title: Planck 2013 results. VII. HFI time response and beams

abstract:
  This paper characterizes the effective beams,the effective beam window
functions and the associated errors for the Planck HFI detectors. The effective
beam is the angular response including the effect of the optics,detectors,data
processing and the scan strategy. The window function is the representation of
this beam in the harmonic domain which is required to recover an unbiased
measurement of the CMB angular power spectrum. The HFI is a scanning instrument
and its effective beams are the convolution of: (a) the optical response of the
telescope and feeds;(b)the processing of the time-ordered data and
deconvolution of the bolometric and electronic time response; and (c) the
merging of several surveys to produce maps. The time response functions are
measured using observations of Jupiter and Saturn and by minimizing survey
difference residuals. The scanning beam is the post-deconvolution angular
response of the instrument, and is characterized with observations of Mars. The
main beam solid angles are determined to better than 0.5% at each HFI frequency
band. Observations of Jupiter and Saturn limit near sidelobes (within 5deg) to
about 0.1% of the total solid angle. Time response residuals remain as long
tails in the scanning beams, but contribute less than 0.1% of the total. The
bias and uncertainty in the beam products are estimated using ensembles of
simulated planet observations that include the impact of instrumental noise and
known systematic effects.The correlation structure of these ensembles is
well-described by five error eigenmodes that are sub-dominant to sample
variance and instrumental noise in the harmonic domain. A suite of consistency
tests provide confidence that the error model represents a sufficient
description of the data. The total error in the effective beam window functions
is below 1% at 100GHz up to ell~1500$,and below 0.5% at 143 and 217GHz up to
~2000.


title: Planck 2013 results. VIII. HFI photometric calibration and mapmaking

abstract:
  This paper describes the processing applied to the HFI cleaned time-ordered
data to produce photometrically calibrated maps. HFI observes the sky over a
broad range of frequencies, from 100 to 857 GHz. To get the best accuracy on
the calibration on such a large range, two different photometric calibration
schemes have to be used. The 545 and 857 \GHz\ data are calibrated using Uranus
and Neptune flux density measurements, compared with models of their
atmospheric emissions to calibrate the data. The lower frequencies (below 353
GHz) are calibrated using the cosmological microwave background dipole.One of
the components of this anisotropy results from the orbital motion of the
satellite in the Solar System, and is therefore time-variable. Photometric
calibration is thus tightly linked to mapmaking, which also addresses low
frequency noise removal. The 2013 released HFI data show some evidence for
apparent gain variations of the HFI bolometers' detection chain. These
variations were identified by comparing observations taken more than one year
apart in the same configuration. We developed an effective correction to limit
its effect on calibration, and assess its accuracy. We present several methods
used to estimate the precision of the photometric calibration. We distinguish
relative (from one detector to another, or from one frequency to another) and
absolute uncertainties. In both cases, we found that these uncertainties range
from a few $10^{-3}$ to several per cents from 100 to 857 GHz. We describe the
pipeline producing the maps from the HFI timelines, based on the photometric
calibration parameters and we detail the scheme used to a posteriori set the
zero level of the maps. We also briefly discuss the cross-calibration between
HFI and the SPIRE instrument on board Herschel. We finally summarize the basic
characteristics of the set of the HFI maps from the 2013 Planck data release.


title: Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response

abstract:
  The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) spectral response was determined
through a series of ground based tests conducted with the HFI focal plane in a
cryogenic environment prior to launch. The main goal of the spectral
transmission tests was to measure the relative spectral response (including
out-of-band signal rejection) of all HFI detectors. This was determined by
measuring the output of a continuously scanned Fourier transform spectrometer
coupled with all HFI detectors. As there is no on-board spectrometer within
HFI, the ground-based spectral response experiments provide the definitive data
set for the relative spectral calibration of the HFI. The spectral response of
the HFI is used in Planck data analysis and component separation, this includes
extraction of CO emission observed within Planck bands, dust emission,
Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources, and intensity to polarization leakage. The HFI
spectral response data have also been used to provide unit conversion and
colour correction analysis tools. Verifications of the HFI spectral response
data are provided through comparisons with photometric HFI flight data. This
validation includes use of HFI zodiacal emission observations to demonstrate
out-of-band spectral signal rejection better than 10^8. The accuracy of the HFI
relative spectral response data is verified through comparison with
complementary flight-data based unit conversion coefficients and colour
correction coefficients. These coefficients include those based upon HFI
observations of CO, dust, and Sunyaev-Zeldovich emission. General agreement is
observed between the ground-based spectral characterization of HFI and
corresponding in-flight observations, within the quoted uncertainty of each;
explanations are provided for any discrepancies.


title:
Planck 2013 results X. Energetic particle effects: characterization,
  removal, and simulation

abstract:
  This paper presents the detection, interpretation and removal of the signal
resulting from interactions of high energy particles with the Planck High
Frequency Instrument (HFI). These interactions fall into two categories,
heating the 0.1 K bolometer plate and glitches in each detector time stream.
Glitch shapes are not simple single pole exponential decays and fall into a
three families. The glitch shape for each family has been characterized
empirically in flight data and removed from the detector time streams. The
spectrum of the count rate/unit energy is computed for each family and a
correspondence to where on the detector the particle hit is made. Most of the
detected glitches are from galactic protons incident on the Si die frame
supporting the micromachined bolometric detectors. At HFI, the particle flux is
~ 5 per square cm and per second and is dominated by protons incident on the
spacecraft with an energy >39 MeV, leading to a rate of typically one event per
second and per detector. Different categories of glitches have different
signature in timestreams. Two of the glitch types have a low amplitude
component that decays over nearly 1 second. This component produces an excess
noise if not properly removed from the time ordered data. We have used a glitch
detection and subtraction method based on the joint fit of population
templates. The application of this novel glitch removal method removes excess
noise from glitches. Using realistic simulations, we find this method does not
introduce signal bias.


title: Planck 2013 results. XII. Component separation

abstract:
  Planck has produced detailed all-sky observations over nine frequency bands
between 30 and 857 GHz. These observations allow robust reconstruction of the
primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations over
nearly the full sky, as well as new constraints on Galactic foregrounds. This
paper describes the component separation framework adopted by Planck. We test
four foreground-cleaned CMB maps derived using qualitatively different
component separation algorithms. The quality of our reconstructions is
evaluated through detailed simulations and internal comparisons, and shown
through various tests to be internally consistent and robust for CMB power
spectrum and cosmological parameter estimation up to l = 2000. The parameter
constraints on LambdaCDM cosmologies derived from these maps are consistent
with those presented in the cross-spectrum based Planck likelihood analysis. We
choose two of the CMB maps for specific scientific goals. We also present maps
and frequency spectra of the Galactic low-frequency, CO, and thermal dust
emission. The component maps are found to provide a faithful representation of
the sky, as evaluated by simulations. For the low-frequency component, the
spectral index varies widely over the sky, ranging from about beta = -4 to -2.
Considering both morphology and prior knowledge of the low frequency
components, the index map allows us to associate a steep spectral index (beta <
-3.2) with strong anomalous microwave emission, corresponding to a spinning
dust spectrum peaking below 20 GHz, a flat index of beta > -2.3 with strong
free-free emission, and intermediate values with synchrotron emission.


title: Planck 2013 results. XIII. Galactic CO emission

abstract:
  Rotational transition lines of CO play a major role in molecular radio
astronomy and in particular in the study of star formation and the Galactic
structure. Although a wealth of data exists in the Galactic plane and some
well-known molecular clouds, there is no available CO high sensitivity all-sky
survey to date.
  Such all-sky surveys can be constructed using the \Planck\ HFI data because
the three lowest CO rotational transition lines at 115, 230 and 345 GHz
significantly contribute to the signal of the 100, 217 and 353 GHz HFI channels
respectively. Two different component separation methods are used to extract
the CO maps from Planck HFI data. The maps obtained are then compared to one
another and to existing external CO surveys. From these quality checks the best
CO maps in terms of signal to noise and/or residual foreground contamination
are selected. Three sets of velocity-integrated CO emission maps are produced:
Type 1 maps of the CO (1-0), (2-1), and (3-2) rotational transitions with low
foreground contamination but moderate signal-to-noise ratio; Type 2 maps for
the (1-0) and (2-1) transitions with a better signal-to-noise ratio; and one
Type 3 map, a line composite map with the best signal-to-noise ratio in order
to locate the faintest molecular regions. The maps are described in detail.
They are shown to be fully compatible with previous surveys of parts of the
Galactic Plane and also of fainter regions out of the Galactic plane. The
Planck HFI velocity-integrated CO maps for the (1-0), (2-1), and (3-2)
rotational transitions provide an unprecedented all-sky CO view of the Galaxy.
These maps are also of great interest to monitor potential CO contamination on
CMB \Planck\ studies.


title: Planck 2013 results. XIV. Zodiacal emission

abstract:
  The Planck satellite provides a set of all-sky maps at nine frequencies from
30 GHz to 857 GHz. Planets, minor bodies, and diffuse interplanetary dust
emission (IPD) are all observed. The IPD can be separated from Galactic and
other emissions because Planck views a given point on the celestial sphere
multiple times, through different columns of IPD. We use the Planck data to
investigate the behaviour of zodiacal emission over the whole sky at
sub-millimetre and millimetre wavelengths. We fit the Planck data to find the
emissivities of the various components of the COBE zodiacal model -- a diffuse
cloud, three asteroidal dust bands, a circumsolar ring, and an Earth-trailing
feature. The emissivity of the diffuse cloud decreases with increasing
wavelength, as expected from earlier analyses. The emissivities of the dust
bands, however, decrease less rapidly, indicating that the properties of the
grains in the bands are different from those in the diffuse cloud. We fit the
small amount of Galactic emission seen through the telescope's far sidelobes,
and place limits on possible contamination of the CMB results from both
zodiacal and far-sidelobe emission. When necessary, the results are used in the
Planck pipeline to make maps with zodiacal emission and far sidelobes removed.
We show that the zodiacal correction to the CMB maps is small compared to the
Planck CMB temperature power spectrum and give a list of flux densities for
small Solar System bodies.


title: Planck 2013 results. XV. CMB power spectra and likelihood

abstract:
  We present the Planck likelihood, a complete statistical description of the
two-point correlation function of the CMB temperature fluctuations. We use this
likelihood to derive the Planck CMB power spectrum over three decades in l,
covering 2 <= l <= 2500. The main source of error at l <= 1500 is cosmic
variance. Uncertainties in small-scale foreground modelling and instrumental
noise dominate the error budget at higher l's. For l < 50, our likelihood
exploits all Planck frequency channels from 30 to 353 GHz through a physically
motivated Bayesian component separation technique. At l >= 50, we employ a
correlated Gaussian likelihood approximation based on angular cross-spectra
derived from the 100, 143 and 217 GHz channels. We validate our likelihood
through an extensive suite of consistency tests, and assess the impact of
residual foreground and instrumental uncertainties on cosmological parameters.
We find good internal agreement among the high-l cross-spectra with residuals
of a few uK^2 at l <= 1000. We compare our results with foreground-cleaned CMB
maps, and with cross-spectra derived from the 70 GHz Planck map, and find broad
agreement in terms of spectrum residuals and cosmological parameters. The
best-fit LCDM cosmology is in excellent agreement with preliminary Planck
polarisation spectra. The standard LCDM cosmology is well constrained by Planck
by l <= 1500. For example, we report a 5.4 sigma deviation from n_s /= 1.
Considering various extensions beyond the standard model, we find no indication
of significant departures from the LCDM framework. Finally, we report a tension
between the best-fit LCDM model and the low-l spectrum in the form of a power
deficit of 5-10% at l <~ 40, significant at 2.5-3 sigma. We do not elaborate
further on its cosmological implications, but note that this is our most
puzzling finding in an otherwise remarkably consistent dataset. (Abridged)


title: Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters

abstract:
  We present the first results based on Planck measurements of the CMB
temperature and lensing-potential power spectra. The Planck spectra at high
multipoles are extremely well described by the standard spatially-flat
six-parameter LCDM cosmology. In this model Planck data determine the
cosmological parameters to high precision. We find a low value of the Hubble
constant, H0=67.3+/-1.2 km/s/Mpc and a high value of the matter density
parameter, Omega_m=0.315+/-0.017 (+/-1 sigma errors) in excellent agreement
with constraints from baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) surveys. Including
curvature, we find that the Universe is consistent with spatial flatness to
percent-level precision using Planck CMB data alone. We present results from an
analysis of extensions to the standard cosmology, using astrophysical data sets
in addition to Planck and high-resolution CMB data. None of these models are
favoured significantly over standard LCDM. The deviation of the scalar spectral
index from unity is insensitive to the addition of tensor modes and to changes
in the matter content of the Universe. We find a 95% upper limit of r<0.11 on
the tensor-to-scalar ratio. There is no evidence for additional neutrino-like
relativistic particles. Using BAO and CMB data, we find N_eff=3.30+/-0.27 for
the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, and an upper limit of
0.23 eV for the summed neutrino mass. Our results are in excellent agreement
with big bang nucleosynthesis and the standard value of N_eff=3.046. We find no
evidence for dynamical dark energy. Despite the success of the standard LCDM
model, this cosmology does not provide a good fit to the CMB power spectrum at
low multipoles, as noted previously by the WMAP team. While not of decisive
significance, this is an anomaly in an otherwise self-consistent analysis of
the Planck temperature data.


title:
Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale
  structure

abstract:
  On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the CMB anisotropies are
gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of
this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217GHz
frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25sigma. We use
the temperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a
(noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure
of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing
potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact
which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale
structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding
generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting LCDM model for
the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z=1100
correctly predicts the properties of the lower-redshift, later-time structures
which source the lensing potential. When combined with the temperature power
spectrum, our measurement provides degeneracy-breaking power for parameter
constraints; it improves CMB-alone constraints on curvature by a factor of two
and also partly breaks the degeneracy between the amplitude of the primordial
perturbation power spectrum and the optical depth to reionization, allowing a
measurement of the optical depth to reionization which is independent of
large-scale polarization data. Discarding scale information, our measurement
corresponds to a 4% constraint on the amplitude of the lensing potential power
spectrum, or a 2% constraint on the RMS amplitude of matter fluctuations at
z~2.


title:
Planck 2013 results. XVIII. Gravitational lensing-infrared background
  correlation

abstract:
  The multi-frequency capability of the Planck satellite provides information
both on the integrated history of star formation (via the cosmic infrared
background, or CIB) and on the distribution of dark matter (via the lensing
effect on the cosmic microwave background, or CMB). The conjunction of these
two unique probes allows us to measure directly the connection between dark and
luminous matter in the high redshift (1 < z <3) Universe. We use a three-point
statistic optimized to detect the correlation between these two tracers.
Following a thorough discussion of possible contaminants and a suite of
consistency tests, using lens reconstructions at 100, 143 and 217 GHz and CIB
measurements at 100-857 GHz, we report the first detection of the correlation
between the CIB and CMB lensing. The well matched redshift distribution of
these two signals leads to a detection significance with a peak value of 42
\sigma at 545 GHz and a correlation as high as 80% across these two tracers.
Our full set of multi-frequency measurements (both CIB auto- and CIB-lensing
cross-spectra) are consistent with a simple halo-based model, with a
characteristic mass scale for the halos hosting CIB sources of
log_{10}(M/M_sun) = 10.5 \pm 0.6. Leveraging the frequency dependence of our
signal, we isolate the high redshift contribution to the CIB, and constrain the
star formation rate (SFR) density at z>1. We measure directly the SFR density
with around 2 sigma significance for three redshift bins between z=1 and 7,
thus opening a new window into the study of the formation of stars at early
times.


title: Planck 2013 results. XIX. The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

abstract:
  Based on CMB maps from the 2013 Planck Mission data release, this paper
presents the detection of the ISW effect, i.e., the correlation between the CMB
and large-scale evolving gravitational potentials. The significance of
detection ranges from 2 to 4 sigma, depending on which method is used. We
investigate three separate approaches, which cover essentially all previous
studies, as well as breaking new ground. (i) Correlation of the CMB with the
Planck reconstructed gravitational lensing potential (for the first time). This
detection is made using the lensing-induced bispectrum; the correlation between
lensing and the ISW effect has a significance close to 2.5 sigma. (ii)
Cross-correlation with tracers of LSS, yielding around 3 sigma significance,
based on a combination of radio (NVSS) and optical (SDSS) data. (iii) Aperture
photometry on stacked CMB fields at the locations of known large-scale
structures, which yields a 4 sigma signal when using a previously explored
catalogue, but shows strong discrepancies in amplitude and scale compared to
expectations. More recent catalogues give more moderate results, ranging from
negligible to 2.5 sigma at most, but with a more consistent scale and
amplitude, the latter being still slightly above what is expected from
numerical simulations within LCMD. Where they can be compared, these
measurements are compatible with previous work using data from WMAP, which had
already mapped these scales to the limits of cosmic variance. Planck's broader
frequency coverage confirms that the signal is achromatic, bolstering the case
for ISW detection. As a final step we use tracers of large-scale structure to
filter the CMB data, presenting maps of the ISW temperature perturbation. These
results provide complementary and independent evidence for the existence of a
dark energy component that governs the current accelerated expansion of the
Universe.


title: Planck 2013 results. XX. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts

abstract:
  We present constraints on cosmological parameters using number counts as a
function of redshift for a sub-sample of 189 galaxy clusters from the Planck SZ
(PSZ) catalogue. The PSZ is selected through the signature of the
Sunyaev--Zeldovich (SZ) effect, and the sub-sample used here has a
signal-to-noise threshold of seven, with each object confirmed as a cluster and
all but one with a redshift estimate. We discuss the completeness of the sample
and our construction of a likelihood analysis. Using a relation between mass
$M$ and SZ signal $Y$ calibrated to X-ray measurements, we derive constraints
on the power spectrum amplitude $\sigma_8$ and matter density parameter
$\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}$ in a flat $\Lambda$CDM model. We test the robustness of
our estimates and find that possible biases in the $Y$--$M$ relation and the
halo mass function are larger than the statistical uncertainties from the
cluster sample. Assuming the X-ray determined mass to be biased low relative to
the true mass by between zero and 30%, motivated by comparison of the observed
mass scaling relations to those from a set of numerical simulations, we find
that $\sigma_8=0.75\pm 0.03$, $\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}=0.29\pm 0.02$, and
$\sigma_8(\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.27)^{0.3} = 0.764 \pm 0.025$. The value of
$\sigma_8$ is degenerate with the mass bias; if the latter is fixed to a value
of 20% we find $\sigma_8(\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.27)^{0.3}=0.78\pm 0.01$ and a
tighter one-dimensional range $\sigma_8=0.77\pm 0.02$. We find that the larger
values of $\sigma_8$ and $\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}$ preferred by Planck's
measurements of the primary CMB anisotropies can be accommodated by a mass bias
of about 40%. Alternatively, consistency with the primary CMB constraints can
be achieved by inclusion of processes that suppress power on small scales
relative to the $\Lambda$CDM model, such as a component of massive neutrinos
(abridged).


title:
Planck 2013 results. XXI. All-sky Compton parameter power spectrum and
  high-order statistics

abstract:
  We have constructed the first all-sky map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich
(tSZ) effect by applying specifically tailored component separation algorithms
to the 100 to 857 GHz frequency channel maps from the Planck survey. These maps
show an obvious galaxy cluster tSZ signal that is well matched with blindly
detected clusters in the Planck SZ catalogue. To characterize the signal in the
tSZ map we have computed its angular power spectrum.
  At large angular scales ($\ell < 60$), the major foreground contaminant is
the diffuse thermal dust emission. At small angular scales ($\ell > 500$) the
clustered Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) and residual point sources are the
major contaminants.
  These foregrounds are carefully modelled and subtracted.
  We measure the tSZ power spectrum in angular scales, $0.17^{\circ} \lesssim
\theta \lesssim 3.0^{\circ}$, that were previously unexplored. The measured tSZ
power spectrum is consistent with that expected from the Planck catalogue of SZ
sources, with additional clear evidence of signal from unresolved clusters and,
potentially, diffuse warm baryons.
  We use the tSZ power spectrum to obtain the following cosmological
constraints:
  $\sigma_8(\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}/0.28)^{3.2/8.1}=0.784 \pm 0.016 (68% C.L.).
  Marginalized band-powers of the Planck tSZ power spectrum and the best-fit
model are given.
  The non-Gaussianity of the Compton parameter map is further characterized by
computing its 1D probability distribution function and its bispectrum. These
are used to place additional independent constraints on $\sigma_{8}$.


title: Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inflation

abstract:
  We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The
Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the
WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to $n_s =
0.9603 \pm 0.0073$, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5 $\sigma$.
Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.11
(95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard
inflationary models, preferring potentials with V" < 0. Exponential potential
models, the simplest hybrid inflationary models, and monomial potential models
of degree n > 2 do not provide a good fit to the data. Planck does not find
statistically significant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining $d
n_s/d ln k = -0.0134 \pm 0.0090$. Several analyses dropping the slow-roll
approximation are carried out, including detailed model comparison and
inflationary potential reconstruction. We also investigate whether the
primordial power spectrum contains any features. We find that models with a
parameterized oscillatory feature improve the fit $\chi^2$ by ~ 10; however,
Bayesian evidence does not prefer these models. We constrain several
single-field inflation models with generalized Lagrangians by combining power
spectrum data with bounds on $f_\mathrm{NL}$ measured by Planck. The fractional
primordial contribution of CDM isocurvature modes in the curvaton and axion
scenarios has upper bounds of 0.25% or 3.9% (95% CL), respectively. In models
with arbitrarily correlated CDM or neutrino isocurvature modes, an
anticorrelation can improve $\chi^2$ by approximatively 4 as a result of
slightly lowering the theoretical prediction for the $\ell<40$ multipoles
relative to the higher multipoles. Nonetheless, the data are consistent with
adiabatic initial conditions.